WO2022205982A1 - 一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料及其制备方法和使用方法 - Google Patents

一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料及其制备方法和使用方法 Download PDF

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WO2022205982A1
WO2022205982A1 PCT/CN2021/134724 CN2021134724W WO2022205982A1 WO 2022205982 A1 WO2022205982 A1 WO 2022205982A1 CN 2021134724 W CN2021134724 W CN 2021134724W WO 2022205982 A1 WO2022205982 A1 WO 2022205982A1
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sediment
rivers
lakes
covering material
river
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PCT/CN2021/134724
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French (fr)
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李轶
熊心妍
张弛
赵世钦
王钰涛
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河海大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing

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  • the invention relates to a bottom mud covering material for eutrophic rivers and lakes, a preparation method and a use method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of rivers and lakes.
  • H 2 O 2 hydrogen peroxide
  • CaO 2 calcium peroxide
  • CaO 2 Compared with H 2 O 2 , CaO 2 releases oxygen at a relatively slow rate and is less harmful, but it reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ), which leads to a significant increase in water pH. As mentioned above, it is still a huge challenge to explore new economical, efficient and ecologically friendly ways of regulating water body oxygen, so as to effectively control endogenous pollution and control eutrophication.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a low-cost, easy-to-use and environment-compatible bottom mud covering material for eutrophic rivers and lakes, and a preparation method and use method thereof.
  • the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
  • a method for preparing a bottom mud covering material for eutrophic rivers and lakes comprising the following steps:
  • the river and lake sediments are screened and then dried to obtain dry river and lake sediments;
  • the dried river and lake sediments are placed in an atmosphere furnace, and pyrolyzed at high temperature in the atmosphere of nitrogen or argon protective gas to obtain sediment-based biochar;
  • the sediment-based biochar is placed in a pressure-resistant closed container, and pure oxygen is pumped for oxygen loading, so that the sediment-based biochar is supersaturated with oxygen, and finally the sediment-based biochar is taken out for grinding.
  • the conditions of high temperature pyrolysis are: the heating rate is 5-10°C/min, the temperature is raised to 500-1200°C and the temperature is kept for 3-5h.
  • the conditions of oxygen load are: 0.1-0.5MPa for 2-4h.
  • the particle size of the covering material is 3-20 mm.
  • a bottom mud covering material for eutrophic rivers and lakes is prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method for bottom mud covering materials for eutrophic rivers and lakes.
  • the method for planting submerged plants is as follows: wrapping the planting soil and the roots of the plants with non-woven fabrics, throwing them into the water, and sinking the roots into the bottom of the water.
  • the submerged plant is a single or a combination of foxtail algae, black algae, hornwort algae, bitter grass, calamus, and elegans.
  • the scientific management and conservation methods described include weed removal, seasonal harvesting, debris removal, replanting and ecological adjustment.
  • Biochar is usually regarded as an effective adsorbent and soil conditioner, which can adsorb various pollutants, improve the ecological environment of the sediment, and make it conducive to the survival of aquatic organisms.
  • biochar has abundant pore structure and huge specific surface area, so it can be used as an ideal oxygen-carrying material.
  • the oxygenated biochar can slowly release oxygen into the water body, improve the anoxic state of the bottom water body and sediment, and further promote the growth of submerged plants, thereby regulating the endogenous pollution load;
  • This restoration method can effectively solve the problems of difficult to cure eutrophication of rivers and lakes, and the lack of oxygen in water bodies, which makes it difficult for aquatic organisms to survive, and is conducive to the rapid recovery and sustainable development of rivers and lakes water ecological environment;
  • the survival rate of submerged plants is as high as 80%, which can effectively inhibit the occurrence of harmful algal blooms and improve the anoxic state of the water layer and the sediment.
  • the water quality of the remediation area is significantly improved, the DO concentration in the overlying water area (5-10cm above the sediment surface) can be increased by more than 50%, and the removal rates of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) can reach 40% and 50% respectively. .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application environment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a water quality monitoring concentration diagram after adding the eutrophic river and lake bottom mud covering material according to the present invention.
  • the invention discloses a method for preparing a bottom mud covering material for eutrophic rivers and lakes, comprising the following steps:
  • step 1 the river and lake bottom mud is screened and then dried to obtain dry river and lake bottom mud.
  • step 2 the dried river and lake bottom mud is placed in an atmosphere furnace, and high temperature pyrolysis is carried out under the atmosphere of nitrogen or argon protective gas. Incubate for 3h to obtain bottom mud-based biochar.
  • Step 3 Put the sediment-based biochar in a pressure-resistant airtight container, and pump pure oxygen to carry out oxygen loading.
  • the oxygen loading conditions are: 0.1MPa for 2 hours, so that the sediment-based biochar reaches oxygen supersaturation. , and finally take out the sediment-based biochar for grinding, and the particle size of the covering material after grinding is 3-20 mm.
  • the invention discloses a bottom mud covering material for eutrophic rivers and lakes, which is prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method of the bottom mud covering materials for eutrophic rivers and lakes.
  • the present invention discloses a method for using the bottom mud covering material of eutrophic river and lake, adopting the above-mentioned bottom mud covering material of eutrophic river and lake, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Evenly spread the sediment covering material of the eutrophic river and lake on the water surface of the river and lake, and let it settle to the bottom of the river naturally, with a thickness of 10cm.
  • Step 2 After 2 days of spreading, plant submerged plants in the material-covered area at a planting density of 50 plants/m 2 .
  • the method of planting submerged plants is as follows: wrap the planting soil and plant roots with non-woven fabrics, throw them into the water, and sink the roots into the bottom of the water.
  • the submerged plant is a single or a combination of plants of foxtail algae, black algae, hornwort algae, bitter grass, calamus, and elegans, and in this embodiment, it is preferably bitter grass.
  • After planting check and maintain the growth level of bitter grass regularly. Test every two days for the first two weeks, weekly for the third to eighth weeks, and monthly after the eighth week.
  • Relevant monitoring indicators are: growth status, biomass, density, etc. And according to the scene situation, clean up the residual body and replant in time.
  • the invention discloses a method for preparing a bottom mud covering material for eutrophic rivers and lakes, comprising the following steps:
  • step 1 the river and lake bottom mud is screened and then dried to obtain dry river and lake bottom mud.
  • step 2 the dried river and lake bottom mud is placed in an atmosphere furnace, and high temperature pyrolysis is carried out under the atmosphere of nitrogen or argon protective gas. Incubate for 5h to obtain bottom mud-based biochar.
  • Step 3 Put the sediment-based biochar in a pressure-resistant airtight container, and pump pure oxygen for oxygen loading.
  • the oxygen loading conditions are as follows: keep it under a pressure of 0.5 MPa for 4 hours, so that the sediment-based biochar reaches oxygen supersaturation. , and finally take out the sediment-based biochar for grinding, and the particle size of the covering material after grinding is 3-20 mm.
  • the invention discloses a bottom mud covering material for eutrophic rivers and lakes, which is prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method of the bottom mud covering materials for eutrophic rivers and lakes.
  • the present invention discloses a method for using the bottom mud covering material of eutrophic river and lake, adopting the above-mentioned bottom mud covering material of eutrophic river and lake, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Evenly spread the eutrophic river and lake bottom mud covering material on the water surface of the river and lake, and let it settle to the bottom of the river naturally, with a thickness of 25cm.
  • Step 2 After 10 days of spreading, plant submerged plants in the material-covered area at a planting density of 50 plants/m 2 .
  • the method of planting submerged plants is as follows: wrap the planting soil and plant roots with non-woven fabrics, throw them into the water, and sink the roots into the bottom of the water.
  • the submerged plant is a single or a combination of plants of foxtail algae, black algae, hornwort algae, bitter grass, calamus, and elegans, and in this embodiment, it is preferably bitter grass.
  • After planting check and maintain the growth level of bitter grass regularly. Test every two days for the first two weeks, weekly for the third to eighth weeks, and monthly after the eighth week.
  • Relevant monitoring indicators are: growth status, biomass, density, etc. And according to the scene situation, clean up the residual body and replant in time.
  • the invention discloses a method for preparing a bottom mud covering material for eutrophic rivers and lakes, comprising the following steps:
  • step 1 the river and lake bottom mud is screened and then dried to obtain dry river and lake bottom mud.
  • step 2 the dried river and lake bottom mud is placed in an atmosphere furnace, and high temperature pyrolysis is carried out under the atmosphere of nitrogen or argon protective gas. Incubate for 4h to obtain bottom mud-based biochar.
  • Step 3 Put the sediment-based biochar in a pressure-resistant airtight container, and pump pure oxygen to carry out oxygen loading.
  • the oxygen loading conditions are: keep the pressure of 0.3MPa for 3 hours, so that the sediment-based biochar reaches oxygen supersaturation. , and finally take out the sediment-based biochar for grinding, and the particle size of the covering material after grinding is 3-20 mm.
  • the invention discloses a bottom mud covering material for eutrophic rivers and lakes, which is prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method of the bottom mud covering materials for eutrophic rivers and lakes.
  • the present invention discloses a method for using the bottom mud covering material of eutrophic river and lake, adopting the above-mentioned bottom mud covering material of eutrophic river and lake, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Evenly spread the sediment covering material of the eutrophic river and lake on the water surface of the river and lake, and let it settle to the bottom of the river naturally, with a thickness of 15cm.
  • Step 2 after 6 days of spreading, plant submerged plants in the material-covered area, and the planting density is 50 plants/m 2 .
  • the method of planting submerged plants is as follows: wrap the planting soil and plant roots with non-woven fabrics, throw them into the water, and sink the roots into the bottom of the water.
  • the submerged plants are the single or the combination of the plants of foxtail algae, black algae, hornwort algae, bitter grass, sweet grass, and elegans. In this embodiment, it is preferably a mixture of bitter grass, hornwort, and elegans.
  • regular inspection and maintenance of the growth levels of Bitterweed, Helianthus annuus, and Elodea were carried out. Test every two days for the first two weeks, weekly for the third to eighth weeks, and monthly after the eighth week. Relevant monitoring indicators are: growth status, biomass, density, etc. And according to the scene situation, clean up the residual body and replant in time.
  • Taihu Lake As the third largest freshwater lake in China, Taihu Lake has a water area of 2338km 2 and an average water depth of 1.9m. It has various functions such as regulation and storage, irrigation and shipping. However, with the influx of nutrients, Taihu Lake has become one of the most eutrophic lakes in my country. Since 2007, the governance of Taihu Lake has reached an unprecedented level, and various governance methods have gone hand in hand, including source control and interception, water diversion and flushing, dredging and silt removal, and ecological restoration. However, the problem of eutrophication in Taihu Lake still cannot be cured, and the frequent occurrence of algal blooms has seriously endangered the local ecological environment and the health of residents.
  • a lake in Changzhou was affected by the spread of algal blooms in Taihu Lake, with serious algal bloom coverage and high pollutant indicators in the lake.
  • the in-situ ecological restoration of the heavily polluted lake area is carried out by using the bottom mud covering material for restoring the eutrophic river and lake described in the specific embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the oxygen-carrying biochar based on the sediment is used as the sediment covering material for the restoration of the eutrophic water body, so as to improve the anoxic environment of the water body and the substrate, so as to make it suitable for the growth of submerged plants.
  • the synergistic restoration of submerged plants can effectively control endogenous pollution and accelerate the restoration and sustainable development of river and lake ecosystems.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料制备方法，包括以下步骤：将河湖底泥进行筛分后晾干，得到干燥的河湖底泥；将干燥的河湖底泥置于气氛炉中，在氮气或者氩气保护气体的氛围下进行高温热解，得到底泥基生物炭；将底泥基生物炭置于耐压密闭容器中，并泵入纯氧进行氧气负载，使底泥基生物炭达到氧气过饱和，最后取出底泥基生物炭进行研磨。本发明还公开一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料，由上述富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料制备方法制备得到。本发明最后还公开一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料使用方法。本发明提供的一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料及其制备方法和使用方法，具备成本低廉、使用方便和环境兼容的优势，加快河湖生态系统的恢复。

Description

一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料及其制备方法和使用方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料及其制备方法和使用方法，属于河湖的生态修复技术领域。
背景技术
近年来，营养物质大量流入水生生态系统，导致富营养化水体在全球范围内蔓延。在我国，大量的生活污水及工业废水排放进入淡水系统中造成富营养化，氮、磷等营养盐的过量输入，引发了有害藻华及黑臭水体等水污染现象的频繁发生，对水生生态系统、环境和公共健康构成了严重威胁。富营养化状态下，养分输入刺激水体中的初级生产力，过量的生物质降解加剧了氧气的消耗，使得水体逐渐形成缺氧状态，不仅会对水生生物和食物网产生严重的负面影响，而且会促使底泥中营养物质大量溢出，加剧内源污染。因此，有效调控水体中的氧气水平，对于解决内源污染，长效治理富营养化具有重大意义。
目前，普遍使用的水体增氧技术包括机械曝气和扬水曝气。虽然已有大量研究致力于相关技术方法的不断改进，但在能源节约和效率提高方面仍然存在严峻的挑战。同时，这类方法也可能导致底泥再悬浮，从而加剧内源污染。此外，一些化学药剂也被证实能够有效增加水体中的氧气，其中包括过氧化氢(H 2O 2)和过氧化钙(CaO 2)等，它们能够与水反应并释放氧气。投加H 2O 2虽被视为改善水中氧气水平的一种潜在方法，但其必须被不断供应，且高浓度的H 2O 2对微生物有显著的毒害作用。与H 2O 2相比，CaO 2释放氧气速率相对缓慢，危害较小，但它与水反应生成氢氧化钙(Ca(OH) 2),从而导致水体pH值显著增大。如上所述，探求经济高效、生态友好的新型水体氧调控方式，从而有效控制内源污染，治理富营养化仍然面临着巨大挑战。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是，提供一种成本低廉、使用方便和环境兼容的富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料及其制备方法和使用方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将河湖底泥进行筛分后晾干，得到干燥的河湖底泥；
将干燥的河湖底泥置于气氛炉中，在氮气或者氩气保护气体的氛围下进行高温热解，得到底泥基生物炭；
将底泥基生物炭置于耐压密闭容器中，并泵入纯氧进行氧气负载，使底泥基生物炭达到氧气过饱和，最后取出底泥基生物炭进行研磨。
高温热解的条件为：升温速率为5～10℃/min，升至500～1200℃并保温3～5h。
氧气负载的条件为：0.1-0.5MPa的压力下保持2～4h。
研磨后覆盖材料粒径为3～20mm。
一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料，由上述富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料制备方法制备得到。
一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料使用方法，采用上述的富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料，包括以下步骤：
将富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料均匀铺洒在河湖水面，并让其自然沉降至河底，铺洒厚度为10～25cm；
铺洒2～10d后，在材料覆盖区域种植沉水植物；
对所种植沉水植物进行科学管理及养护。
所述的沉水植物种植方法为：用无纺布包裹种植土和植株根部，抛掷入水中，根部沉入水底。
所述的沉水植物为狐尾藻、黑藻、金鱼藻、苦草、菹草、伊乐藻植物的单一或组合。
所述的科学管理及养护的方法包括清除杂草、季节性收割、清理 残体及补种和生态调整。
有益效果：
1、由于受污染底泥的高碳含量(12.5％至67.7％)，它们有极大潜能用于制备生物炭。采用河湖底泥作为载氧生物炭的原料，不仅成本低廉，而且有望成为回收利用被污染底泥的绿色方式，富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料是对于被污染河湖底泥的绿色回收利用，其成本低廉、生态友好、环境效益及经济效益高；
2、生物炭通常被视作有效的吸附剂和土壤改良剂，可以吸附多种污染物质，改善底泥生态环境，使其利于水生生物生存。此外，生物炭具有丰富的孔隙结构及巨大的比表面积，因此可以作为理想的载氧材料。充氧后的生物炭能够向水体中缓慢释放氧气，改善底层水体及底泥的缺氧状态，进一步促进沉水植物生长，从而调控内源污染负荷；
3、该修复方法可有效解决河湖富营养化难以根治、水体缺氧导致水生生物难以存活等问题，有利于河湖水生态环境的快速恢复以及可持续性发展；
4、所述载氧材料覆盖区域，沉水植物存活率高达80％以上，有效抑制有害藻华发生，改善水层及底泥缺氧状态。所述修复区域水质明显提高，上覆水区域(底泥表层以上5-10cm)DO浓度提升可达50％以上，总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)去除率分别可达40％和50％。
附图说明
图1为本发明的应用环境示意图；
图2为本发明投加富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料后水体水质监测浓度图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述，以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
具体实施例1
本发明公开一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，将河湖底泥进行筛分后晾干，得到干燥的河湖底泥。
步骤二，将干燥的河湖底泥置于气氛炉中，在氮气或者氩气保护气体的氛围下进行高温热解，高温热解的条件为：升温速率为5℃/min，升至500℃并保温3h，得到底泥基生物炭。
步骤三，将底泥基生物炭置于耐压密闭容器中，并泵入纯氧进行氧气负载，氧气负载的条件为：0.1MPa的压力下保持2h，使底泥基生物炭达到氧气过饱和，最后取出底泥基生物炭进行研磨，研磨后覆盖材料粒径为3～20mm。
本发明公开一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料，由上述富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料制备方法制备得到。
如图1所示，本发明公开一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料使用方法，采用上述的富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，将富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料均匀铺洒在河湖水面，并让其自然沉降至河底，铺洒厚度为10cm。
步骤二，铺洒2d后，在材料覆盖区域种植沉水植物，种植密度为50株/m 2。沉水植物种植方法为：用无纺布包裹种植土和植株根部，抛掷入水中，根部沉入水底。其中沉水植物为狐尾藻、黑藻、金鱼藻、苦草、菹草、伊乐藻植物的单一或组合，本实施例优选为苦草。种植完成后，对苦草生长水平进行定期检测及维护。前两周每两天检测一次，第三至八周，每周监测一次，第八周后每月检测一次。相关监测指标为：苦草生长状况、生物量、密度等。并针对现场情况及时清理残体及补种。
具体实施例2
本发明公开一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，将河湖底泥进行筛分后晾干，得到干燥的河湖底泥。
步骤二，将干燥的河湖底泥置于气氛炉中，在氮气或者氩气保护气体的氛围下进行高温热解，高温热解的条件为：升温速率为10℃/min，升至1200℃并保温5h，得到底泥基生物炭。
步骤三，将底泥基生物炭置于耐压密闭容器中，并泵入纯氧进行氧气负载，氧气负载的条件为：0.5MPa的压力下保持4h，使底泥基生物炭达到氧气过饱和，最后取出底泥基生物炭进行研磨，研磨后覆盖材料粒径为3～20mm。
本发明公开一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料，由上述富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料制备方法制备得到。
如图1所示，本发明公开一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料使用方法，采用上述的富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，将富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料均匀铺洒在河湖水面，并让其自然沉降至河底，铺洒厚度为25cm。
步骤二，铺洒10d后，在材料覆盖区域种植沉水植物，种植密度为50株/m 2。沉水植物种植方法为：用无纺布包裹种植土和植株根部，抛掷入水中，根部沉入水底。其中沉水植物为狐尾藻、黑藻、金鱼藻、苦草、菹草、伊乐藻植物的单一或组合，本实施例优选为苦草。种植完成后，对苦草生长水平进行定期检测及维护。前两周每两天检测一次，第三至八周，每周监测一次，第八周后每月检测一次。相关监测指标为：苦草生长状况、生物量、密度等。并针对现场情况及时清理残体及补种。
具体实施例3
本发明公开一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料制备方法，包括以 下步骤：
步骤一，将河湖底泥进行筛分后晾干，得到干燥的河湖底泥。
步骤二，将干燥的河湖底泥置于气氛炉中，在氮气或者氩气保护气体的氛围下进行高温热解，高温热解的条件为：升温速率为8℃/min，升至800℃并保温4h，得到底泥基生物炭。
步骤三，将底泥基生物炭置于耐压密闭容器中，并泵入纯氧进行氧气负载，氧气负载的条件为：0.3MPa的压力下保持3h，使底泥基生物炭达到氧气过饱和，最后取出底泥基生物炭进行研磨，研磨后覆盖材料粒径为3～20mm。
本发明公开一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料，由上述富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料制备方法制备得到。
如图1所示，本发明公开一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料使用方法，采用上述的富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，将富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料均匀铺洒在河湖水面，并让其自然沉降至河底，铺洒厚度为15cm。
步骤二，铺洒6d后，在材料覆盖区域种植沉水植物，种植密度为50株/m 2。沉水植物种植方法为：用无纺布包裹种植土和植株根部，抛掷入水中，根部沉入水底。其中沉水植物为狐尾藻、黑藻、金鱼藻、苦草、菹草、伊乐藻植物的单一或组合，本实施例优选为苦草、菹草、伊乐藻混合。种植完成后，对苦草、菹草和伊乐藻生长水平进行定期检测及维护。前两周每两天检测一次，第三至八周，每周监测一次，第八周后每月检测一次。相关监测指标为：苦草、菹草和伊乐藻生长状况、生物量、密度等。并针对现场情况及时清理残体及补种。
太湖作为我国第三大淡水湖泊，水域面积达2338km 2，平均水深为1.9m，兼具调蓄、灌溉、航运等多种功能。然而随着营养物质大量流入，太湖成为我国富营养化最严重的湖泊之一。自2007年以来，对于太湖的治理力度达到空前水平，多种治理方式齐头并进，包括控 源截污、引水冲调、疏浚清淤、生态修复等。然而，太湖富营养化问题仍然无法根治，藻华频发严重危害了当地生态环境及居民健康。常州市某湖泊受太湖藻华蔓延影响，水华覆盖严重，湖体污染物指标较高。采用本发明具体实施例3中所述的用于修复富营养化河湖的富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料，对受污染严重的湖泊区域进行原位生态修复。
如图2所示，种植6个月后，苦草、菹草、伊乐藻存活率高达85％，有效抑制了有害藻华发生，水层及底泥缺氧状态明显改善，修复区域水质明显提高，上覆水区域(底泥表层以上5-10cm)DO浓度从4.1mg/L提升至10.5mg/L，总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)去除率分别达到25％和30％。内源污染得到有效控制，富营养化现象明显改善。
本发明通过将底泥基载氧生物炭作为底泥覆盖材料应用于富营养化水体的修复，改善水体及底质的缺氧环境，使其适于沉水植物生长，再通过载氧材料与沉水植物的协同修复作用，有效控制内源污染，加快河湖生态系统的恢复及可持续性发展。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    将河湖底泥进行筛分后晾干，得到干燥的河湖底泥；
    将干燥的河湖底泥置于气氛炉中，在氮气或者氩气保护气体的氛围下进行高温热解，得到底泥基生物炭；
    将底泥基生物炭置于耐压密闭容器中，并泵入纯氧进行氧气负载，使底泥基生物炭达到氧气过饱和，最后取出底泥基生物炭进行研磨。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料制备方法，其特征在于：高温热解的条件为：升温速率为5～10℃/min，升至500～1200℃并保温3～5h。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料制备方法，其特征在于：氧气负载的条件为：0.1-0.5MPa的压力下保持2～4h。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料制备方法，其特征在于：研磨后覆盖材料粒径为3～20mm。
  5. 一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料，其特征在于：由上述权利要求1到权利要求4任一项所述富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料制备方法制备得到。
  6. 一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料使用方法，其特征在于：采用权利要求5所述的富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料，包括以下步骤：
    将富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料均匀铺洒在河湖水面，并让其自然沉降至河底，铺洒厚度为10～25cm；
    铺洒2～10d后，在材料覆盖区域种植沉水植物；
    对所种植沉水植物进行科学管理及养护。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料使用方法，其特征在于：所述的沉水植物种植方法为：用无纺布包裹种植土和植株根部，抛掷入水中，根部沉入水底。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料使用方法，其特征在于：所述的沉水植物为狐尾藻、黑藻、金鱼藻、苦草、菹草、伊乐藻植物的单一或组合。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的一种富营养化河湖的底泥覆盖材料使用方法，其特征在于：所述的科学管理及养护的方法包括清除杂草、季节性收割、清理残体及补种和生态调整。
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