WO2022205794A1 - 一种高洁净度凸轮轴用钢及其轧制方法 - Google Patents

一种高洁净度凸轮轴用钢及其轧制方法 Download PDF

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WO2022205794A1
WO2022205794A1 PCT/CN2021/118754 CN2021118754W WO2022205794A1 WO 2022205794 A1 WO2022205794 A1 WO 2022205794A1 CN 2021118754 W CN2021118754 W CN 2021118754W WO 2022205794 A1 WO2022205794 A1 WO 2022205794A1
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steel
rolling
temperature
camshaft
cooling
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French (fr)
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梁娜
王中学
张佩
陈良
王宗斌
林敏�
李浩秋
戈文英
况兴宇
赵冠夫
叶飞来
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山东钢铁股份有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/08—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling structural sections, i.e. work of special cross-section, e.g. angle steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
    • B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of automobile steel, and in particular relates to a high-cleanliness camshaft steel and a rolling method thereof.
  • the camshaft is a component in the piston engine. Its function is to control the opening and closing of the valve.
  • the camshaft rotates at a high speed and needs to withstand a lot of torque. Therefore, the camshaft has high requirements in terms of strength and support; the cam bearing is subjected to periodic impact loads, the contact stress between the cam and the tappet is large, and the relative sliding speed is also high, so the wear of the cam working surface is relatively serious.
  • the camshaft journal and cam working surface should also have high wear resistance and good lubrication. In the design process of the engine occupies a very important position. It can be seen from the application process of the camshaft that the strength, fatigue properties and wear resistance of steel are the keys to material control.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high cleanliness camshaft steel and a hardness control method thereof, which can satisfy the control requirements of the cleanliness and narrow hardness of the steel by rationally designing the chemical composition and rolling production process.
  • a high cleanliness steel for camshaft the chemical composition mass percentage is: C: 0.17-0.22%, Si: 0.17-0.37%, Mn: 1.10-1.40%, Cr: 1.00-1.30%, P: ⁇ 0.020% , S: ⁇ 0.020%, B: ⁇ 0.0005%, Ti: ⁇ 0.010%, Ca ⁇ 0.002%, Al: 0.020-0.060%, [O] ⁇ 12ppm, [N] ⁇ 90ppm, the rest are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the present invention adopts manganese and chromium alloying design, and at the same time strictly controls the content of gas and harmful elements, and controls the hardness of steel to be 160-217HB through rational design of rolling process, which meets customer requirements.
  • the invention adopts Mn and Cr alloying, in order to satisfy the hardenability and mechanical properties of steel, Mn: 1.10-1.40%, Cr: 1.00-1.30%; to stabilize the hardenability of steel, B: ⁇ 0.0005%; To refine the grains and improve the comprehensive properties of the steel, Al: 0.020-0.060%; in order to improve the purity of the steel, strictly control the content of the gas and harmful elements in the steel, P: ⁇ 0.020%, S: ⁇ 0.020%, Ti: ⁇ 0.010 %, Ca ⁇ 0.002%, [O] ⁇ 12ppm, [N] ⁇ 90ppm, to ensure the fatigue strength of the steel and the comprehensive performance of the steel.
  • the invention adopts a reasonable rolling production method to meet the hardness requirements of steel.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a hardness rolling control method for high cleanliness camshaft steel, the chemical composition design requirements of the steel are as described above, and the rolling method includes the following steps:
  • the preheating section is 500 ⁇ 950°C
  • the heating section is 950 ⁇ 1170°C
  • the second heating section is 1170 ⁇ 1240°C
  • the soaking section is 1180 ⁇ 1230°C
  • the total heating time of the steel is ⁇ 3.3h. Heating temperature ⁇ 1200 °C time not less than 2h;
  • the rolling temperature is 1050 ⁇ 1160°C, and the final rolling temperature is less than or equal to 950°C;
  • the temperature of the upper cooling bed is ⁇ 950°C, the cooling bed is covered with a thermal insulation cover, the residence time of the cooling bed is ⁇ 30min, and the temperature of the lower cooling bed is ⁇ 350°C;
  • the temperature of the pit is 200-300 °C, and the slow cooling time is ⁇ 36h.
  • the steel has good hardenability and mechanical properties
  • the hardness of the steel is controlled within the range of 160-217HB, and the band structure is not greater than grade 1, and the grain size is not coarser than grade 7, which meets customer requirements.
  • Embodiments 1-3 specifically illustrate how the present invention is implemented based on the production process of ⁇ 90mm steel.
  • the composition of steel is: C: 0.18-0.20%, Si: 0.19-0.25%, Mn: 1.20-1.24%, Cr: 1.10-1.14%, P: ⁇ 0.015%, S: ⁇ 0.010%, B: ⁇ 0.0005%, Ti: ⁇ 0.010%, Ca ⁇ 0.002%, Al: 0.025-0.040%, [O] ⁇ 12ppm, [N] ⁇ 90ppm, the rest are Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • the steps of the rolling production process are as follows:
  • the preheating section is 800 ⁇ 900°C
  • the heating section is 1080 ⁇ 1170°C
  • the second heating section is 1210 ⁇ 1240°C
  • the soaking section is 1200 ⁇ 1230°C
  • the total heating time of the steel is 4.3 ⁇ 5.5h.
  • the heating temperature is ⁇ 1200°C and the time is not less than 2h.
  • the rolling temperature is 1080 ⁇ 1120°C, and the final rolling temperature is less than or equal to 950°C.
  • the temperature of the upper cooling bed is less than or equal to 950°C, the cooling bed is covered with a thermal insulation cover, the residence time of the cooling bed is 35 to 45 minutes, and the temperature of the lower cooling bed is 300 to 340°C.
  • the temperature of the pit is 240-280 °C, and the slow cooling time is 36-48 hours.
  • Table 1 is the chemical composition of the steel for camshafts in Examples 1-3, and Table 2 is the key technological parameters of the rolling process.
  • the camshaft steel has high cleanliness, the oxygen content is below 10ppm, the non-metallic inclusions A are controlled below 1.0, the B fine inclusions are at 0.5, and the D fines
  • the inclusions are in grade 0.5, and the other inclusions are basically 0; the hardness is between 174 and 198HBW, the stability is good, the band structure is all grade 1, the grain size is not coarser than grade 7, and the organization uniformity is good; mechanical properties, Excellent hardenability.
  • the process parameters (such as temperature, time, etc.) of the present invention can implement the method by setting the upper and lower limits of the interval and the interval value, and the embodiments are not listed one by one here.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种高洁净度凸轮轴用钢及其轧制方法，其化学成分质量百分比为：C：0.17-0.22％、Si：0.17-0.37％、Mn：1.10-1.40％、Cr：1.00-1.30％、P：≤0.020％、S：≤0.020％、B：≤0.0005％、Ti：≤0.010％、Ca≤0.002％，Al：0.020-0.060％，[O]≤12ppm、[N]≤90ppm，其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。本发明通过合理的设计轧制工艺，钢材的硬度稳定控制在160～217HB。

Description

一种高洁净度凸轮轴用钢及其轧制方法
相关申请：
本申请要求名称为“一种高洁净度凸轮轴用钢及其轧制方法”、于2021年4月1日提交的中国专利申请202110355585.9的优先权，在此通过引用包括该件申请。
技术领域
本发明属于汽车用钢技术领域，具体涉及一种高洁净度凸轮轴用钢及其轧制方法。
背景技术
凸轮轴是活塞发动机里的一个部件，它的作用是控制气门的开启和闭合动作，凸轮轴的转速很高，而且需要承受很大的扭矩。因此，凸轮轴在强度和支撑方面的要求很高；凸轮轴承受周期性的冲击载荷，凸轮与挺柱之间的接触应力很大，相对滑动速度也很高，因此凸轮工作表面的磨损比较严重，凸轮轴轴颈和凸轮工作表面除应有较高的尺寸精度、较小的表面粗糙度和足够的刚度外，还应有较高的耐磨性和良好的润滑，在发动机的设计过程中占据着十分重要的地位。从凸轮轴的应用过程可以看出，钢的强度、疲劳性能、耐磨性等是材料控制的关键。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种高洁净度凸轮轴用钢及其硬度控制方法，通过合理的设计化学成分及轧制生产工艺，来满足钢的洁净度及窄硬度的控制要求。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种高洁净度凸轮轴用钢，其化学成分质量百分比为：C：0.17-0.22％、Si：0.17-0.37％、Mn：1.10-1.40％、Cr：1.00-1.30％、P：≤0.020％、S：≤0.020％、B：≤0.0005％、Ti：≤0.010％、Ca≤0.002％，Al：0.020-0.060％，[O]≤12ppm、[N]≤90ppm，其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
本发明采用锰、铬合金化设计，同时严格控制气体及有害元素含量，通过合 理设计轧制工艺控制钢的硬度在160～217HB，满足客户要求。
本发明采用Mn、Cr合金化，为了满足钢的淬透性、力学性能，设计Mn：1.10-1.40％，Cr：1.00-1.30％；为稳定钢的淬透性，B：≤0.0005％；为细化晶粒，提高钢的综合性能，Al：0.020-0.060％；为提高钢的纯净度严格控制钢的气体及有害元素含量，P：≤0.020％、S：≤0.020％、Ti：≤0.010％、Ca≤0.002％，[O]≤12ppm、[N]≤90ppm，以保证钢材的疲劳强度和钢的综合性能。
本发明采用合理的轧制生产方法，满足钢的硬度要求。
本发明的另一个目的在于，提供一种高洁净度凸轮轴用钢的硬度轧制控制方法，钢的化学成分设计要求如上所述，其轧制方法包括如下步骤：
(1)加热
冷装入炉，预热段500～950℃，加热一段950～1170℃，加热二段1170～1240℃，均热段1180～1230℃，钢材总的加热时间≥3.3h。加热温度≥1200℃时间不低于2h；
(2)轧制
开轧温度1050～1160℃，终轧温度≤950℃；
(3)轧后冷却
上冷床温度≤950℃，冷床加盖保温罩，冷床停留时间≥30min，下冷床温度≤350℃；
(4)收集缓冷
下冷床后收集入坑缓冷，入坑温度200～300℃，缓冷时间≥36h。
以上制备方法中未加限定的工艺条件均可参照本领域常规技术。
与现有技术相比，本发明的技术方案的优良效果如下：
1.通过采用Mn、Cr合金化，控制B含量，使钢具有良好的淬透性和力学性能；
2.通过合理设计轧制工艺，使钢的硬度控制在160～217HB范围内，同时带状组织不大于1级，晶粒度不粗于7级，满足客户要求。
具体实施方式
下面以具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
实施例1-3：
一种高洁净度凸轮轴用钢及其轧制方法。实施例1-3是以Φ90mm规格钢材的生产工艺来具体说明本发明是如何实施的。
钢的组成按质量百分数为：C：0.18-0.20％、Si：0.19-0.25％、Mn：1.20-1.24％、Cr：1.10-1.14％、P：≤0.015％、S：≤0.010％、B：≤0.0005％、Ti：≤0.010％、Ca≤0.002％，Al：0.025-0.040％，[O]≤12ppm、[N]≤90ppm，其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
轧制生产工艺的步骤如下：
(1)加热
冷装入炉，预热段800～900℃，加热一段1080～1170℃，加热二段1210～1240℃，均热段1200～1230℃，钢材总的加热时间4.3～5.5h。加热温度≥1200℃时间不低于2h。
(2)轧制
开轧温度1080～1120℃，终轧温度≤950℃。
(3)轧后冷却
上冷床温度≤950℃，冷床加盖保温罩，冷床停留时间35～45min，下冷床温度300～340℃。
(4)收集缓冷
下冷床后收集入坑缓冷，入坑温度240～280℃，缓冷时间36～48h。
表1是1-3实施例凸轮轴用钢的化学成分，表2是轧钢过程关键工艺参数。
表1凸轮轴用钢实施例化学成分(重量，％)
Figure PCTCN2021118754-appb-000001
表2轧钢过程关键工艺参数
Figure PCTCN2021118754-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021118754-appb-000003
实施例1-3凸轮轴用钢的性能检验结果如表3～表6所示。
表3高倍组织检验结果
Figure PCTCN2021118754-appb-000004
表4淬透性检验结果
实施例 J9，HRC J15，HRC
1 37.1 34.3
2 35.3 30.9
3 38.6 30.6
表5力学性能
Figure PCTCN2021118754-appb-000005
表6硬度检验结果
Figure PCTCN2021118754-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2021118754-appb-000007
从实施例1-3可以看出，该凸轮轴用钢洁净度很高，氧含量在10ppm以下，非金属夹杂物A类控制在1.0级以下，B细类夹杂物在0.5级，D细类夹杂物在0.5级，其余夹杂物基本为0；硬度在174～198HBW之间，稳定性好，带状组织均为1级，晶粒度不粗于7级，组织均匀性好；力学性能、淬透性能优良。
本发明的工艺参数(如温度、时间等)区间上下限取值以及区间值都能实现本法，在此不一一列举实施例。
本发明未详细说明的内容均可采用本领域的常规技术知识。
最后所应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制。尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应该理解，对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，都不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种高洁净度凸轮轴用钢，其特征在于，所述钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C：0.17-0.22％、Si：0.17-0.37％、Mn：1.10-1.40％、Cr：1.00-1.30％、P：≤0.020％、S：≤0.020％、B：≤0.0005％、Ti：≤0.010％、Ca≤0.002％，Al：0.020-0.060％，[O]≤12ppm、[N]≤90ppm，其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高洁净度凸轮轴用钢，其特征在于，所述钢的硬度为160～217HB，带状组织均不大于1级，晶粒度不粗于7级，屈服强度≥1100Mpa，抗拉强度≥1300Mpa。
  3. 权利要求1所述的高洁净度凸轮轴用钢的轧制方法，所述轧制方法包括以下步骤：
    (1)加热
    冷装入炉，预热段500～950℃，加热一段950～1170℃，加热二段1170～1240℃，均热段1180～1230℃，钢材总的加热时间≥3.3h。加热温度≥1200℃时间不低于2h；
    (2)轧制
    开轧温度1050～1160℃，终轧温度≤950℃；
    (3)轧后冷却
    上冷床温度≤950℃，冷床加盖保温罩，冷床停留时间≥30min，下冷床温度≤350℃；
    (4)收集缓冷
    下冷床后收集入坑缓冷，入坑温度200～300℃，缓冷时间≥36h。
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