WO2022205655A1 - 金属3d打印装置及金属3d打印方法 - Google Patents

金属3d打印装置及金属3d打印方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022205655A1
WO2022205655A1 PCT/CN2021/104373 CN2021104373W WO2022205655A1 WO 2022205655 A1 WO2022205655 A1 WO 2022205655A1 CN 2021104373 W CN2021104373 W CN 2021104373W WO 2022205655 A1 WO2022205655 A1 WO 2022205655A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
powder
spreading arm
powder spreading
metal
arm
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/104373
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘建业
高文华
徐卡里
牛留辉
胡高峰
Original Assignee
广东汉邦激光科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202110341195.6A external-priority patent/CN115138875A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202110580490.7A external-priority patent/CN115401218A/zh
Application filed by 广东汉邦激光科技有限公司 filed Critical 广东汉邦激光科技有限公司
Priority to EP21934303.5A priority Critical patent/EP4316700A1/en
Priority to US18/283,621 priority patent/US20240157448A1/en
Publication of WO2022205655A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022205655A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
    • B22F12/67—Blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/49—Scanners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/70—Gas flow means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a metal 3D printing device and a metal 3D printing method.
  • the method of laying powder-printing-dropping-powder is mostly used for layer-by-layer cyclic printing.
  • the laser scanning solidifies the powder in the desired position, and then the platform descends a layer of powder to make the powder-spreading arm spread another layer of powder, repeating the above process until the printing is formed.
  • powder coating and laser printing cannot be performed at the same time, and each time it is necessary to wait for the powder coating to be completed before printing, which leads to the problem of low printing efficiency, especially in large-sized metal 3D printing.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a metal 3D printing device, including a forming table, a first powder spreading arm, a second powder spreading arm, a wind field mechanism, and a scanning mechanism.
  • the forming table is used to carry the powder and print the formed parts.
  • the first powder spreading arm is placed above the forming table.
  • the second powder spreading arm is spaced apart from the first powder spreading arm, and the first powder spreading arm and the second powder spreading arm can move parallel to the forming table to spread powder to the forming table respectively.
  • the wind field mechanism includes a blowing port and an air collecting port, the blowing port is arranged on the first powder spreading arm and blows air to the forming table, and the air collecting port is arranged on the second powder spreading arm and sucks air.
  • the scanning mechanism is placed above the forming table, and is used for emitting laser light to the powder between the first powder spreading arm and the second powder spreading arm, so as to solidify the powder to form a product.
  • the scanning mechanism emits laser light
  • the second powder spreading arm moves with the first powder spreading arm, so that the wind field mechanism absorbs the smoke and dust formed by the solidification of the powder
  • the forming table descends the distance of one layer of the powder
  • the second powder spreading arm moves in the reverse direction to spread the powder
  • the scanning mechanism emits laser light
  • all the first powder spreading arm moves with the second powder spreading arm, so that the wind field mechanism absorbs the smoke and dust, and prevents the smoke and dust from interfering with the laser light path.
  • the above-mentioned metal 3D printing device emits laser light through the scanning mechanism while spreading powder through the first powder spreading arm, so as to realize printing at the same time as powder spreading, and then moves with the first powder spreading arm through the second powder spreading arm so that the wind field mechanism absorbs the powder
  • the smoke and dust formed by curing achieve the purpose of improving the molding quality.
  • the scanning mechanism emits laser light at the same time, and the first powder spreading arm moves with the second powder spreading arm so that the wind farm mechanism continues The smoke and dust are absorbed to achieve the purpose of continuous powder coating and continuous printing, thereby improving the printing efficiency.
  • the metal 3D printing device further includes a powder spreading driver, and the powder spreading driver is respectively connected to the first powder spreading arm and the second powder spreading arm, and is used for driving the first powder spreading
  • the arm and the second powder spreading arm move back and forth along the powder spreading direction, and the distance between the first powder spreading arm and the second powder spreading arm can be adjusted during the printing process to adjust according to the size of the workpiece.
  • the shape adjusts the print span of the laser.
  • the scanning mechanism includes a scanning driver and a plurality of galvanometer units, the plurality of galvanometer units are arranged along a direction perpendicular to the powder spreading direction, and the scanning driver is used to drive the plurality of the galvanometer units Moving along the powder spreading direction, each of the galvanometer units is used for emitting laser light to solidify the powder in the corresponding lower area.
  • the metal 3D printing device is provided with a molding cavity
  • the galvanometer unit is located in the molding cavity
  • the scanning mechanism further includes a protective mirror and a blowing part, and the protective mirror is used to seal the galvanometer.
  • the mirror unit is used for blowing air around the protective mirror to form an air curtain, so as to improve the cleanliness of the galvanometer unit in the molding cavity.
  • the metal 3D printing device further includes a powder supply mechanism, the first powder spreading arm and the second powder spreading arm are respectively provided with powder lowering mechanisms, and the powder supply mechanism is used to supply the powder to the The powder is provided by a powder-removing mechanism, and the powder-removing mechanism is used to control the falling of the powder and the amount of the powder.
  • the first powder spreading arm and the second powder spreading arm are respectively provided with scrapers, the scrapers extend perpendicular to the powder spreading direction and are disposed toward the forming table, and the scrapers are used for scraping Remove the powder above the preset layer thickness.
  • the metal 3D printing device further includes a constant temperature mechanism and an auxiliary purification mechanism, the constant temperature mechanism is used to improve the temperature constant of each device in the molding cavity, and the auxiliary purification mechanism is used to absorb the overflow to the soot in the forming cavity.
  • the metal 3D printing device further includes a powder suction mechanism
  • the powder suction mechanism includes a powder suction driver and a powder suction pipe
  • the powder suction driver is used to drive the powder suction pipe to move
  • the powder suction pipe The powder tube is used to clean the unsolidified excess powder on the forming table after the printing is completed.
  • the metal 3D printing device includes a plurality of sets of the first powder coating arm, the second powder coating arm, the wind field mechanism and the scanning mechanism, so as to respectively print the shape of the forming table. multiple regions.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a metal 3D printing method, including:
  • the first powder spreading arm moves and spreads powder to the forming table, and the second powder spreading arm moves behind the first powder spreading arm;
  • the scanning mechanism emits laser light to the powder between the first powder spreading arm and the second powder spreading arm, so as to solidify the powder at the preset position;
  • the wind field mechanism forms a wind field between the first powder spreading arm and the second powder spreading arm to absorb the smoke and dust formed by the solidification of the powder;
  • the forming table is lowered by a distance of the powder by one layer
  • the second powder spreading arm moves in the opposite direction and spreads powder to the forming table, and the first powder spreading arm moves behind the second powder spreading arm;
  • the scanning mechanism emits laser light to the powder between the first powder spreading arm and the second powder spreading arm, so as to solidify the powder at the preset position;
  • the wind field mechanism forms a wind field between the first powder spreading arm and the second powder spreading arm to absorb the smoke and dust formed by the solidification of the powder.
  • the above-mentioned metal 3D printing method also achieves the purpose of continuous powder coating and continuous printing, which improves the printing efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal 3D printing device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the top of the metal 3D printing device in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal 3D printing device in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal 3D printing device in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the top of the metal 3D printing device in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a metal 3D printing method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a component when referred to as being "fixed to” another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may also be a centered component.
  • a component When a component is considered to be “connected” to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may also be an intervening component.
  • a component When a component is considered to be “set on” another component, it may be directly set on the other component or there may be a co-existing centered component.
  • the terms “vertical,” “horizontal,” “left,” “right,” and similar expressions are used herein for illustrative purposes only.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a metal 3D printing device 100 , including a forming table 100 a , a first powder spreading arm 10 , a second powder spreading arm 20 , a wind field mechanism 30 and a scanning mechanism 40 .
  • the forming table 100a is placed horizontally and can be raised and lowered, and is used for carrying metal powder and printing and forming parts.
  • the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 are both placed above the forming table 100a, and are at the same distance from the forming table 100a, that is, at the same height.
  • the second powder spreading arm 20 and the first powder spreading arm 10 are arranged parallel to each other along the length direction, and the two are arranged at a certain distance.
  • the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 can move in a plane parallel to the forming table 100a, and drop powder during the movement to spread a layer of metal powder to the forming table 100a.
  • the wind field mechanism 30 includes an air outlet 31 and an air intake 32 .
  • the air outlet 31 is provided on the first powder spreading arm 10 .
  • the air intake 32 is provided on the second powder spreading arm 20 .
  • the blowing port 31 is used for blowing the powder on the uppermost layer of the forming table 100 a toward the direction of the second powder spreading arm 20 .
  • the air intake 32 is used for absorbing the gas blown out by the blowing port 31 to form an air flow field between the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20, and the airflow field is used to take away the smoke and dust generated when the powder is condensed, so as to form an air flow field between the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20.
  • the air outlet 31 and the air intake 32 are connected to an external gas purification system through pipes.
  • the air outlet 31 and the air intake 32 can be connected to the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 through a lifting or turning mechanism, so as to realize flexible regulation or printing avoidance.
  • the scanning mechanism 40 is placed above the forming table 100a, and is used to emit laser light to the powder on the forming table 100a located in the area between the two projections of the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 on the forming table 100a along the vertical direction , to solidify the powder to form the part.
  • An embodiment of the metal 3D printing device 100 to print a product is as follows: the first powder spreading arm 10 moves from the left side to the right side of the forming table 100a to spread a layer of powder on the forming table 100a, and the second powder spreading arm 20 is placed on the first The left side of a powder spreading arm 10 moves with the first powder spreading arm 10, and the scanning mechanism 40 emits laser light to the powder between the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20, so as to realize the simultaneous powder spreading and printing; At the same time, the wind field mechanism 30 absorbs the smoke and dust formed by the solidification of the powder; after the first powder spreading arm 10 finishes spreading the powder, that is, after the layer of powder is printed, the forming table 100a descends by a distance of one layer of powder to provide space for the next layer of powder The second powder spreading arm 20 moves to the left to lay a new layer of powder, the first powder spreading arm 10 moves to the left following the first powder spreading arm 10, and the scanning mechanism 40 simultaneously spreads the powder to the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder
  • the metal 3D printing apparatus 100 further includes a powder spreading driver 50 .
  • the powder spreading driver 50 is respectively connected with the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20, and is used for driving the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 to reciprocate along the powder spreading direction.
  • the distance between the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 may be a fixed value, that is, the printing span of the scanning mechanism 40 is a fixed value.
  • the powder spreading driver 50 can adjust the distance between the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 at any time during the printing process. The distance between the powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20, and then adjust the printing span of the laser and the span of the wind field to improve the printing efficiency and printing quality.
  • the distance between the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 is relatively large to provide a sufficient laser printing span, and the distance between the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 when printing the top layer Smaller, in order to reduce the span of the wind field and improve the absorption rate of smoke and dust, thereby improving the molding quality.
  • the scanning mechanism 40 includes a scanning driver 41 and a plurality of galvanometer units 42 .
  • a plurality of galvanometer units 42 are arranged in a row perpendicular to the powder spreading direction.
  • the scanning driver 41 is used to drive the plurality of galvanometer units 42 to move along the powder spreading direction.
  • Each galvanometer unit 42 is used to emit a laser downward to cure the powder in the corresponding lower area.
  • four galvanometer units 42 are arranged in an array.
  • the number of galvanometer units 42 can be changed according to the width of the forming table 100a, for example, 5 to 20 galvanometer units can be integrated within 1 meter.
  • Mirror unit 42 .
  • the metal 3D printing device 100 is provided with a molding cavity 100b.
  • the scanning mechanism 40 is disposed outside the molding cavity 100b and located on the top of the metal 3D printing device 100 , and the top of the metal 3D printing device 100 is provided with a transparent window 100c to transmit the laser light.
  • the galvanometer unit 42 is located inside the molding cavity 100 b (as shown in FIG.
  • the scanning mechanism 40 further includes a protective mirror and a blower (not shown in the figure), and the protective mirror is used to seal the galvanometer unit 42 , the air blowing part is used to blow air around the protective mirror to form an air curtain, so as to improve the cleanliness of the galvanometer unit 42 in the molding cavity 100b.
  • the metal 3D printing apparatus 100 further includes a powder supply mechanism 60 .
  • the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 are respectively provided with powder lowering mechanisms 11 and 12 .
  • the two powder supply mechanisms 60 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the molding cavity 100b, and are used to provide the powder feeding mechanisms 11 and 12 of the first powder spreading arm 10 or the second powder spreading arm 20 respectively moving to both sides of the molding table 100a.
  • mineral powder The powder lowering mechanisms 11 and 12 are used to control the falling of powder, and the powder lowering mechanisms 11 and 12 are designed with switches that can adjust the amount of powder to be dropped, which can control the amount of powder to be dropped each time.
  • scrapers 12 and 22 are respectively provided at the bottoms of the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 .
  • the scrapers 12, 22 extend perpendicular to the powder spreading direction and are disposed toward the forming table 100a, and the scrapers 12, 22 are used for scraping off the powder with a thickness higher than a preset layer thickness.
  • the metal 3D printing device 100 further includes a constant temperature mechanism (not shown) and an auxiliary purification mechanism 70 .
  • the constant temperature mechanism is used to ensure that the temperature of all precision components in the molding cavity 100b is constant, so as to improve the printing accuracy.
  • the auxiliary purification mechanisms 70 are located on both sides of the molding cavity 100b, and are used to assist in blowing and collecting air into the molding cavity 100b, thereby assisting in absorbing the smoke and dust that escapes into the molding cavity 100b.
  • the metal 3D printing apparatus 100 further includes a powder extraction mechanism 80 .
  • the powder suction mechanism 80 includes a powder suction driver and a powder suction pipe (not shown).
  • the powder suction driver is used to drive the powder suction pipe to move, and the powder suction pipe is used to clean the unsolidified excess powder on the forming table 100a after printing is completed.
  • the powder suction driver can be a three-axis linear drive slide rail or a manipulator, which is used to perform automatic programmable automatic cleaning of excess powder after printing.
  • the metal 3D printing device 100 includes a plurality of sets of the first powder spreading arm 10 , the second powder spreading arm 20 , the wind field mechanism 30 and the scanning
  • the mechanism 40 is used to separately print a plurality of regions of the forming table 100a.
  • each of the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 corresponds to one wind field mechanism 30 and one scanning mechanism 40 .
  • an embodiment of the metal 3D printing device 100 to print a product is as follows: the powder supply mechanism 60 on the left side is directed to the powder feeding mechanism 11 of the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 . 12 provides metal powder, the powder spreading driver 50 drives the first powder spreading arm 10 to move from the left side to the right side of the forming table 100a to spread a layer of powder to the forming table 100a, and the thickness of the powder is ensured by the scraper 12, and the second spread The powder arm 20 moves with the first powder spreading arm 10 on the left side of the first powder spreading arm 10;
  • the scanning driver 41 drives the plurality of galvanometer units 42 to move to the right, and the plurality of galvanometer units 42 emit laser light to the powder between the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 to realize flying printing.
  • the air outlet 31 and the air intake 32 absorb the smoke and dust formed by the solidification of the powder;
  • the powder supply mechanism 60 on the right side supplies metal powder to the powder lowering mechanisms 11 and 12 of the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20
  • the powder spreading driver 50 drives the second powder spreading arm 20 to move to the left to spread a new layer of powder, and the powder thickness is ensured by the scraper 22, and the first powder spreading arm 10 follows the first powder spreading arm 10.
  • a powder spreading arm 10 moves to the left, and at the same time, the scanning driver 41 drives a plurality of galvanometer units 42 to move to the left.
  • the galvanometer units 42 emit laser light to the powder between the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20, and simultaneously
  • the wind field mechanism 30 absorbs the smoke and dust formed by the solidification of the powder; during the entire printing process, the constant temperature mechanism and the auxiliary purification mechanism 70 continue to operate, and the above process is repeated until the printing is completed.
  • the distance between the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 is in the range of 100-500 mm, and can also extend to several meters or more.
  • the scanning mechanism 40 includes a row of galvanometer units 42 with fixed positions, and the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 are located below the galvanometer unit 42 and their relative positions are fixed,
  • the forming table 100a moves horizontally and reciprocatingly relative to the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 to realize the printing of each layer, that is, the forming table 100a can move up and down and translate, and thus can also meet the printing requirements in a large size range .
  • the movement of the forming table 100a is driven by a high-precision drive unit such as a linear motor or a servo drive.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a metal 3D printing method 200, including:
  • the scanning mechanism 40 emits laser light to the powder between the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 to solidify the powder at the preset position;
  • the wind field mechanism 30 forms a wind field between the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 to absorb the smoke and dust formed by powder solidification;
  • the scanning mechanism 40 emits laser light to the powder between the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 to solidify the powder at the preset position;
  • the wind field mechanism 30 forms a wind field between the first powder spreading arm 10 and the second powder spreading arm 20 to absorb the smoke and dust formed by the solidification of the powder;
  • the above-mentioned metal 3D printing device 100 and the above-mentioned metal 3D printing method 200 emit laser light through the scanning mechanism 40 while spreading powder through the first powder spreading arm 10, so as to realize printing at the same time as powder spreading, and then follow the first powder spreading arm 20 through the second powder spreading arm 20.
  • the powder spreading arm 10 moves so that the wind field mechanism 30 absorbs the smoke and dust formed by powder solidification, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the molding quality.
  • the scanning mechanism 40 emits laser light at the same time, and the first powder spreading arm 10 moves with the second powder spreading arm 20 to
  • the wind field mechanism 30 can continue to absorb smoke and dust, so as to realize the purpose of continuous powder spreading and continuous printing, thereby improving the printing efficiency.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

一种金属3D打印装置（100），包括成型台（100a）、第一铺粉臂（10）、第二铺粉臂（20）、风场机构（30）及扫描机构（40）；成型台（100a）用于承载粉末，第一铺粉臂（10）及第二铺粉臂（20）间隔设置，并能够沿平行于成型台（100a）移动以分别向成型台（100a）铺粉；风场机构（30）包括吹风口（31）及收风口（32），吹风口（31）设于第一铺粉臂（10）并向成型台（100a）吹气，收风口（32）设于第二铺粉臂（20）并吸气；扫描机构（40）用于向第一铺粉臂（10）与第二铺粉臂（20）之间的粉末发射激光，以使粉末固化形成制件。该金属3D打印装置（100）实现了铺粉的同时打印的目的，进而提升了打印效率。还涉及一种金属3D打印方法，同样能够实现连续铺粉并连续打印的目的，进而提升了打印效率。

Description

金属3D打印装置及金属3D打印方法 技术领域
本申请涉及一种金属3D打印装置及金属3D打印方法。
背景技术
目前在金属3D打印制成中，多采用铺粉-打印-下降-铺粉的方式进行层层循环打印，具体的，先通过铺粉臂在平台上铺一层金属粉末，铺粉后，通过激光扫描将铺好的粉末在所需位置固化成型，接着平台下降一层粉末的距离以使铺粉臂再重新铺一层粉末，重复上述过程直至打印成型。其中，打印过程中还需要吸收打印处粉末凝结形成的烟尘，以防止烟尘影响成型质量。但该方式存在铺粉与激光打印无法同时进行，每次需要等待铺粉完毕后再进行打印，导致打印效率低下的问题，尤其在大尺寸的金属3D打印中时间更为凸显。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种能够提高打印效率的金属3D打印装置及金属3D打印方法。
本申请一实施例中提供一种金属3D打印装置，包括成型台、第一铺粉臂、第二铺粉臂、风场机构及扫描机构。成型台用于承载粉末及打印成型的制件。第一铺粉臂置于所述成型台上方。第二铺粉臂与所述第一铺粉臂间隔设置，所述第一铺粉臂与所述第二铺粉臂能够沿平行于所述成型台移动以分别向所述成型台铺粉。风场机构，包括吹风口及收风口，所述吹风口设于所述第一铺粉臂并向所述成型台吹气，所述收风口设于所述第二铺粉臂并吸气。扫描机构置于所述成型台上方，用于向所述第一铺粉臂与所述第二铺粉臂之间的所述粉末发射激光，以使所述粉末固化形成制件。所述第一铺粉臂铺粉的同时所述扫描机构发射激光，且所述第二铺粉臂跟随所述第一铺粉臂移动以使所述风场机构吸收所述粉末固化形成的烟尘，所述第一铺粉臂铺粉完毕后，所述成型台下降一层所述粉末的距离，所述第二铺粉臂反向移动以铺粉，同时所述扫描机构发射激光，且所述第一铺粉臂跟随所述第二铺粉臂移动以使所述风场机构吸收所述烟尘，防止烟尘与激光光路发生干扰。
上述金属3D打印装置通过第一铺粉臂铺粉的同时扫描机构发射激光，以实现铺粉的同时进行打印，再通过第二铺粉臂跟随第一铺粉臂移动以使风场机构吸收粉末固化形成的烟尘，实现提升成型质量的目的。另外，在第一铺粉臂铺粉完毕后，第二铺粉臂反向移动再次铺粉，扫描机构同时发射激光，且第一铺粉臂跟随第二铺粉臂移动以使风场机构继续吸收烟尘，实现了连续铺粉并连续打印的目的，进而提升了打印效率。
在一些实施例中，所述金属3D打印装置还包括铺粉驱动器，所述铺粉驱动器分别连接所述第一铺粉臂与所述第二铺粉臂，用于驱动所述第一铺粉臂与所述第二铺粉臂沿铺粉方向往复移动，并能够在打印过程中调节所述第一铺粉臂与所述第二铺粉臂之间的距离，以根据所述制件的形状调节激光的打印跨距。
在一些实施例中，所述扫描机构包括扫描驱动器及多个振镜单元，多个所述振镜单元沿垂直于铺粉方向排列设置，所述扫描驱动器用于驱动多个所述振镜单元沿铺粉方向移动，每个所述振镜单元用于发射激光以固化对应下方区域的所述粉末。
在一些实施例中，金属3D打印装置设有成型腔，所述振镜单元位于所述成型腔内，所述扫描机构还包括保护镜及吹气件，所述保护镜用于密封所述振镜单元，所述吹气件用于在所述保护镜周围吹气形成气帘，以提高所述振镜单元在所述成型腔内的洁净度。
在一些实施例中，所述金属3D打印装置还包括供粉机构，所述第一铺粉臂与所述第二铺粉臂分别设有下粉机构，所述供粉机构用于向所述下粉机构提供所述粉末，所述下粉机构用于控制所述粉末的下落及下粉量。
在一些实施例中，所述第一铺粉臂与所述第二铺粉臂分别设有刮刀，所述刮刀沿垂直于铺粉方向延伸并朝所述成型台设置，所述刮刀用于刮去高于预设层厚的所述粉末。
在一些实施例中，所述金属3D打印装置还包括恒温机构及辅助净化机构，所述恒温机构用于提高成型腔内的各器件的温度恒定度，所述辅助净化机构用于吸收溢散到所述成型腔内的所述烟尘。
在一些实施例中，所述金属3D打印装置还包括抽粉机构，所述抽粉机构包括吸粉驱动器及吸粉管，所述吸粉驱动器用于驱动所述吸粉管移动，所述吸粉管用于在打印完成后清理所述成型台上未固化的多余所述粉末。
在一些实施例中，所述金属3D打印装置包括多组所述第一铺粉臂、所述第二铺粉臂、所述风场机构及所述扫描机构，以分别打印所述成型台的多个区域。
本申请一实施例中还提供一种金属3D打印方法，包括：
第一铺粉臂移动并向成型台铺粉，第二铺粉臂跟随所述第一铺粉臂后方移动；
扫描机构向所述第一铺粉臂及所述第二铺粉臂之间的粉末发射激光，以使预设位置的所述粉末固化；
风场机构在所述第一铺粉臂及所述第二铺粉臂之间形成风场，以吸收所述粉末固化形成的烟尘；
若成型未完毕，所述成型台下降一层所述粉末的距离；
所述第二铺粉臂反向移动并向成型台铺粉，所述第一铺粉臂跟随所述第二铺粉臂后方移动；
所述扫描机构向所述第一铺粉臂及所述第二铺粉臂之间的粉末发射激光，以使预设位置的所述粉末固化；
所述风场机构在所述第一铺粉臂及所述第二铺粉臂之间形成风场，以吸收所 述粉末固化形成的烟尘。
上述金属3D打印方法同样实现了连续铺粉并连续打印的目的，提升了打印效率。
附图说明
图1为本申请一实施例中金属3D打印装置的结构示意图。
图2为本图1中金属3D打印装置顶部的结构示意图。
图3为本申请另一实施例中金属3D打印装置的结构示意图。
图4为本申请另一实施例中金属3D打印装置的结构示意图。
图5为图3中金属3D打印装置顶部的结构示意图。
图6为本申请一实施例中金属3D打印方法的流程示意图。
主要元件符号说明
金属3D打印装置                   100
成型台                           100a
成型腔                           100b
透窗                             100c
第一铺粉臂                       10
下粉机构                         11、21
刮刀                             12、22
第二铺粉臂                       20
风场机构                         30
吹风口                           31
收风口                           32
扫描机构                         40
扫描驱动器                       41
振镜单元                         42
铺粉驱动器                       50
供粉机构                         60
辅助净化机构                     70
抽粉机构                         80
金属3D打印方法                   200
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施方式中的附图，对本申请的技术方案进行描述，显然，所描述的实施方式仅仅是本申请一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。
需要说明的是，当组件被称为“固定于”另一个组件，它可以直接在另一个组件上或者也可以存在居中的组件。当一个组件被认为是“连接”另一个组件， 它可以是直接连接到另一个组件或者可能同时存在居中组件。当一个组件被认为是“设置于”另一个组件，它可以是直接设置在另一个组件上或者可能同时存在居中组件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。本文所使用的术语“或/及”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
下面结合附图，对本申请的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施方式及实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。
请参阅图1，本申请一实施例中提供了一种金属3D打印装置100，包括成型台100a、第一铺粉臂10、第二铺粉臂20、风场机构30及扫描机构40。成型台100a水平放置且可升降，用于承载金属粉末及打印成型的制件。第一铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20均置于成型台100a上方，且与成型台100a之间的距离相同，即位于同一高度。第二铺粉臂20与第一铺粉臂10沿长度方向相平行设置，且两者间隔一定距离设置。第一铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20能够在平行于成型台100a的平面内移动，并在移动过程中向下落粉，以向成型台100a铺一层金属粉末。
风场机构30包括吹风口31及收风口32。吹风口31设于第一铺粉臂10。收风口32设于第二铺粉臂20。吹风口31用于朝第二铺粉臂20的方向对成型台100a最上层的粉末吹气。收风口32用于吸收吹风口31吹出的气体，以在第一铺粉臂10及第二铺粉臂20之间形成一气流场，该气流场用于带走粉末凝结时产生的烟尘，以防止烟尘停留于成型腔内与激光光路发生干扰，进而影响成型质量。在一些实施例中，吹风口31及收风口32通过管道连通外部的气体净化系统。吹风口31及收风口32可以通过升降或翻转机构连接至第一铺粉臂10及第二铺粉臂20，以实现灵活的调控或者打印避让。
扫描机构40置于成型台100a上方，用于向成型台100a上位于第一铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20沿竖直方向在成型台100a上的两投影之间区域的粉末发射激光，以使粉末固化形成制件。
金属3D打印装置100打印制件的一实施方式为：第一铺粉臂10从成型台100a的左侧向右侧移动，以向成型台100a铺一层粉，第二铺粉臂20在第一铺粉臂10左侧跟随第一铺粉臂10移动，同时扫描机构40向第一铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20之间的粉末发射激光，以实现铺粉与打印同时进行；同时风场机构30吸收粉末固化形成的烟尘；第一铺粉臂10铺粉完毕后，即该层粉末打印完毕后，成型台100a下降一层粉末的距离，为接下来的一层粉末提供空间；第二铺粉臂20向左移动以铺一层新的粉末，第一铺粉臂10跟随第一铺粉臂10向左移动，同时扫描机构40向第一铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20之间的粉末发射激光，同时风场机构30继续吸收粉末固化形成的烟尘；重复上述过程直至完成打印。
金属3D打印装置100还包括铺粉驱动器50。铺粉驱动器50分别连接第一 铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20，用于驱动第一铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20沿铺粉方向往复移动。在一些实施例中，第一铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20之间的距离可以为固定值，即扫描机构40的打印跨距为定值。而在另一些实施例中，铺粉驱动器50能够在打印过程中随时调节第一铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20之间的距离，即根据制件在该打印层的形状调节第一铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20之间的距离，进而调节激光的打印跨距及风场跨距，以提高打印效率及打印质量，例如制件为锥形，在打印底层部位时第一铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20之间的距离较大，以提供足够的激光打印跨距，而打印顶层部位时第一铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20之间的距离较小，以减少风场跨距提高烟尘的吸收率，进而提高成型质量。
请参阅图2，在一些实施例中，扫描机构40包括扫描驱动器41及多个振镜单元42。多个振镜单元42沿垂直于铺粉方向排列设置。扫描驱动器41用于驱动多个振镜单元42沿铺粉方向移动。每个振镜单元42用于向下发射激光以固化对应下方区域的粉末。在图示实施例中，四个振镜单元42排列设置，在其他实施例中，振镜单元42的数量可以根据成型台100a的宽度相应变化，如在1米范围内集成5到20个振镜单元42。
请参阅图1，金属3D打印装置100设有成型腔100b。在一些实施例中，扫描机构40设于成型腔100b外部，并位于金属3D打印装置100的顶部，且金属3D打印装置100顶部设有透窗100c以透过激光。在另一些实施例中，振镜单元42位于成型腔100b内部(如图4所示)，扫描机构40还包括保护镜及吹气件(图未示)，保护镜用于密封振镜单元42，吹气件用于在保护镜周围吹气形成气帘，以提高振镜单元42在成型腔100b内的洁净度。
在一些实施例中，金属3D打印装置100还包括供粉机构60。第一铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20分别设有下粉机构11、12。两个供粉机构60分别位于成型腔100b的左右两侧，用于分别向移动至成型台100a两侧的第一铺粉臂10或第二铺粉臂20中的下粉机构11、12提供金属粉末。下粉机构11、12用于控制粉末的下落，且下粉机构11、12内设计有可调节下粉量的开关，可以控制每次下粉的粉量。
在一些实施例中，第一铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20底部分别设有刮刀12、22。刮刀12、22沿垂直于铺粉方向延伸并朝成型台100a设置，刮刀12、22用于刮去高于预设层厚的粉末。刮刀12、22与第一铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20之间设有自动调节机构(图未示)，能够在一定范围的高度内移动，以实现打印过程每层打印层厚实度可以调，增加打印层厚的灵活性及粉末压实功能。
在一些实施例中，金属3D打印装置100还包括恒温机构(图未示)及辅助净化机构70。恒温机构用以保证成型腔100b内所有精密器件温度恒定，以提高打印精度。辅助净化机构70位于成型腔100b两侧，用于辅助向成型腔100b内吹风收风，进而辅助吸收溢散到成型腔100b内的烟尘。
在一些实施例中，金属3D打印装置100还包括抽粉机构80。抽粉机构80包括吸粉驱动器及吸粉管(图未示)，吸粉驱动器用于驱动吸粉管移动，吸粉管用 于在打印完成后清理成型台100a上未固化的多余粉末。作为示范性举例，吸粉驱动器可以为三轴直线驱动滑轨或机械手，用于打印后将多余粉末进行可自动编程式全自动清粉。
请参阅图3、图4及图5，可以理解的是，在一些实施例中，金属3D打印装置100包括多组第一铺粉臂10、第二铺粉臂20、风场机构30及扫描机构40，以分别打印成型台100a的多个区域。其中，每个第一铺粉臂10及第二铺粉臂20对应一个风场机构30及一个扫描机构40。
请参阅图1，综上所述，金属3D打印装置100打印制件的一实施方式为：左侧的供粉机构60向第一铺粉臂10及第二铺粉臂20的下粉机构11、12提供金属粉末，铺粉驱动器50驱动第一铺粉臂10从成型台100a的左侧向右侧移动，以向成型台100a铺一层粉，并通过刮刀12保证粉末厚度，第二铺粉臂20在第一铺粉臂10左侧跟随第一铺粉臂10移动；
同时，扫描驱动器41驱动多个振镜单元42向右移动，多个振镜单元42向第一铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20之间的粉末发射激光，实现飞行打印，该飞行打印是集成了多个振镜单元42路径同步补偿的算法，该算法采用恒定算力预计算并分割数据分别写入振镜控制系统，同时吹风口31及收风口32吸收粉末固化形成的烟尘；
第一铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20移动至右侧后，右侧的供粉机构60向第一铺粉臂10及第二铺粉臂20的下粉机构11、12补充金属粉末；成型台100a下降一层粉末的距离，接着铺粉驱动器50驱动第二铺粉臂20向左移动以铺一层新的粉末，并通过刮刀22保证粉末厚度，第一铺粉臂10跟随第一铺粉臂10向左移动，同时扫描驱动器41驱动多个振镜单元42向左移动，振镜单元42向第一铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20之间的粉末发射激光，同时风场机构30吸收粉末固化形成的烟尘；整个打印过程中，恒温机构及辅助净化机构70持续运行，重复上述过程直至完成打印，取走成型的制件，抽粉机构80清理残余的粉末。作为示范性举例，第一铺粉臂10及第二铺粉臂20之间的距离范围为100-500mm，也可以延伸至数米或更大尺寸。
可以理解的是，在另一些实施例中，扫描机构40包括一排位置固定的振镜单元42，第一铺粉臂10与第二铺粉臂20位于振镜单元42下方且相对位置固定，成型台100a相对第一铺粉臂10及第二铺粉臂20水平往复移动以实现每一层的打印，即成型台100a能够进行升降及平移运动，进而同样可以满足大尺寸范围内的打印需求。作为示范性举例，成型台100a的移动通过直线电机或伺服驱动等高精度驱动单元驱动。
请参阅图6，本申请一实施例中还提供了一种金属3D打印方法200，包括：
S1：第一铺粉臂10移动并向成型台100a铺粉，第二铺粉臂20跟随第一铺粉臂10后方移动；
S2：扫描机构40向第一铺粉臂10及第二铺粉臂20之间的粉末发射激光，以使预设位置的粉末固化；
S3：风场机构30在第一铺粉臂10及第二铺粉臂20之间形成风场，以吸收粉末固化形成的烟尘；
S4：判断是否成型完毕；
若成型完毕：
S5：结束；
若成型未完毕：
S6：成型台100a下降一层粉末的距离；
S7：第二铺粉臂20反向移动并向成型台100a铺粉，第一铺粉臂10跟随第二铺粉臂20后方移动；
S8：扫描机构40向第一铺粉臂10及第二铺粉臂20之间的粉末发射激光，以使预设位置的粉末固化；
S9：风场机构30在第一铺粉臂10及第二铺粉臂20之间形成风场，以吸收粉末固化形成的烟尘；
S10：判断是否成型完毕；
若未成型完毕：
S11：成型台100a下降一层粉末的距离，并返回S1；
若成型完毕，返回S5。
上述金属3D打印装置100及上述金属3D打印方法200通过第一铺粉臂10铺粉的同时扫描机构40发射激光，以实现铺粉的同时进行打印，再通过第二铺粉臂20跟随第一铺粉臂10移动以使风场机构30吸收粉末固化形成的烟尘，实现提升成型质量的目的。另外，在第一铺粉臂10铺粉完毕后，第二铺粉臂20反向移动再次铺粉，扫描机构40同时发射激光，且第一铺粉臂10跟随第二铺粉臂20移动以使风场机构30继续吸收烟尘，实现了连续铺粉并连续打印的目的，进而提升了打印效率。
另外，本技术领域的普通技术人员应当认识到，以上的实施方式仅是用来说明本申请，而并非用作为对本申请的限定，只要在本申请的实质精神范围之内，对以上实施例所作的适当改变和变化都落在本申请的公开范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种金属3D打印装置，其特征在于，包括：
    成型台，用于承载粉末及打印成型的制件；
    第一铺粉臂，置于所述成型台上方；
    第二铺粉臂，与所述第一铺粉臂间隔设置，所述第一铺粉臂与所述第二铺粉臂能够沿平行于所述成型台移动以分别向所述成型台铺粉；
    风场机构，包括吹风口及收风口，所述吹风口设于所述第一铺粉臂并向所述成型台吹气，所述收风口设于所述第二铺粉臂并吸气；和
    扫描机构，置于所述成型台上方，用于向所述第一铺粉臂与所述第二铺粉臂之间的所述粉末发射激光，以使所述粉末固化形成所述制件；
    所述第一铺粉臂铺粉的同时所述扫描机构发射激光，且所述第二铺粉臂跟随所述第一铺粉臂移动以使所述风场机构吸收所述粉末固化形成的烟尘，所述第一铺粉臂铺粉完毕后，所述成型台下降一层所述粉末的距离，所述第二铺粉臂反向移动以铺粉，同时所述扫描机构发射激光，且所述第一铺粉臂跟随所述第二铺粉臂移动以使所述风场机构吸收所述烟尘。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的金属3D打印装置，其特征在于：所述金属3D打印装置还包括铺粉驱动器，所述铺粉驱动器分别连接所述第一铺粉臂与所述第二铺粉臂，用于驱动所述第一铺粉臂与所述第二铺粉臂沿铺粉方向往复移动，并能够在打印过程中调节所述第一铺粉臂与所述第二铺粉臂之间的距离，以根据所述制件的形状调节激光的打印跨距。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的金属3D打印装置，其特征在于：所述扫描机构包括扫描驱动器及多个振镜单元，多个所述振镜单元沿垂直于铺粉方向排列设置，所述扫描驱动器用于驱动多个所述振镜单元沿铺粉方向移动，每个所述振镜单元用于发射激光以固化对应下方区域的所述粉末。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的金属3D打印装置，其特征在于：金属3D打印装置设有成型腔，所述振镜单元位于所述成型腔内，所述扫描机构还包括保护镜及吹气件，所述保护镜用于密封所述振镜单元，所述吹气件用于在所述保护镜周围吹气形成气帘，以提高所述振镜单元在所述成型腔内的洁净度。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的金属3D打印装置，其特征在于：所述金属3D打印装置还包括供粉机构，所述第一铺粉臂与所述第二铺粉臂分别设有下粉机构，所述供粉机构用于向所述下粉机构提供所述粉末，所述下粉机构用于控制所述粉末的下落及下粉量。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的金属3D打印装置，其特征在于：所述第一铺粉臂与所述第二铺粉臂分别设有刮刀，所述刮刀沿垂直于铺粉方向延伸并朝所述成型台设置，所述刮刀用于铺粉，并使得每层的所述粉末厚度及平整度可控。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的金属3D打印装置，其特征在于：所述金属3D打印装置还包括恒温机构及辅助净化机构，所述恒温机构用于提高成型腔内的各器件的温度恒定度，所述辅助净化机构用于吸收溢散到所述成型腔内的所述烟尘。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的金属3D打印装置，其特征在于：所述金属3D打印装置还包括抽粉机构，所述抽粉机构包括吸粉驱动器及吸粉管，所述吸粉驱动器用于驱动所述吸粉管移动，所述吸粉管用于在打印完成后清理所述成型台上未固化的多余所述粉末。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的金属3D打印装置，其特征在于：所述金属3D打印装置包括多组所述第一铺粉臂、所述第二铺粉臂、所述风场机构及所述扫描机构，以分别打印所述成型台的多个区域。
  10. 一种金属3D打印方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一铺粉臂移动并向成型台铺粉，第二铺粉臂跟随所述第一铺粉臂后方移动；
    扫描机构向所述第一铺粉臂及所述第二铺粉臂之间的粉末发射激光，以使预设位置的所述粉末固化；
    风场机构在所述第一铺粉臂及所述第二铺粉臂之间形成风场，以吸收所述粉末固化过程中形成的烟尘；
    若成型未完毕，所述成型台下降一层所述粉末的距离；
    所述第二铺粉臂反向移动并向成型台铺粉，所述第一铺粉臂跟随所述第二铺粉臂后方移动；
    所述扫描机构向所述第一铺粉臂及所述第二铺粉臂之间的粉末发射激光，以使预设位置的所述粉末固化；
    所述风场机构在所述第一铺粉臂及所述第二铺粉臂之间形成风场，以吸收所述粉末固化形成的烟尘。
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