WO2022205070A1 - Traitement de défaillance de liaison radio dans un relais de liaison latérale - Google Patents

Traitement de défaillance de liaison radio dans un relais de liaison latérale Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022205070A1
WO2022205070A1 PCT/CN2021/084418 CN2021084418W WO2022205070A1 WO 2022205070 A1 WO2022205070 A1 WO 2022205070A1 CN 2021084418 W CN2021084418 W CN 2021084418W WO 2022205070 A1 WO2022205070 A1 WO 2022205070A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wireless
wireless device
wireless node
rsrp
sidelink
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/084418
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Yuqin Chen
Dawei Zhang
Fangli Xu
Haijing Hu
Zhibin Wu
Original Assignee
Apple Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Apple Inc. filed Critical Apple Inc.
Priority to PCT/CN2021/084418 priority Critical patent/WO2022205070A1/fr
Priority to EP21933746.6A priority patent/EP4316187A1/fr
Priority to CN202180096160.9A priority patent/CN117063602A/zh
Priority to BR112023019357A priority patent/BR112023019357A2/pt
Publication of WO2022205070A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022205070A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/30—Connection release
    • H04W76/34—Selective release of ongoing connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
    • H04W76/23—Manipulation of direct-mode connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H04L1/0026—Transmission of channel quality indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L2001/0092—Error control systems characterised by the topology of the transmission link
    • H04L2001/0097—Relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/18—Management of setup rejection or failure

Definitions

  • the present application relates to wireless devices and wireless networks including devices, computer-readable media, and methods for radio link failure (RLF) handing in sidelink (SL) relay operations.
  • RLF radio link failure
  • Wireless communication systems are rapidly growing in usage.
  • wireless devices such as smart phones and tablet computers have become increasingly sophisticated.
  • many mobile devices now provide access to the internet, email, text messaging, and navigation using the global positioning system (GPS) , and are capable of operating sophisticated applications that utilize these functionalities.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • wireless communication standards include GSM, UMTS (associated with, for example, WCDMA or TD-SCDMA air interfaces) , LTE, LTE Advanced (LTE-A) , HSPA, 3GPP2 CDMA2000 (e.g., 1xRTT, 1xEV-DO, HRPD, eHRPD) , IEEE 802.11 (WLAN or Wi-Fi) , BLUETOOTH TM , etc.
  • wireless communication devices The ever increasing number of features and functionality introduced in wireless communication devices also creates a continuous need for improvement in both wireless communications and in wireless communication devices.
  • 5G fifth generation
  • NR new radio
  • Certain wireless systems may support a star type topology with direct connections between wireless devices and wireless nodes. These wireless systems may also support sidelink communications, where wireless devices may communicate directly to each other. Recently, sidelink communications has been expanded to include relay sidelink communications in which a wireless device, such as a remote device, may connect to another wireless device, such as a relay device, which in turn may be connected to a wireless node. The relay device may then forward information between the remote device and the wireless node.
  • a wireless device such as a remote device
  • Open issues with sidelink relay connections include whether radio link failure (RLF) detection and handling should be modified to take into account sidelink relay communications, how the remote device may handle cell or relay selection if there is a detected RLF, how to reestablish a lower layer connection with the wireless system, and whether a remote device should maintain counters and/or timers as related to the connection with the wireless node in addition to counters and/or timers as related to the relay connection.
  • RLF radio link failure
  • aspects of this disclosure relate to devices, computer-readable media, and methods for wireless networking including connecting, by a first wireless device, to a first wireless node by establishing a first wireless relay connection through a second wireless device, determining a radio link failure has occurred based on at least one of: a reference signal receive power (RSRP) or reference signal receive quality (RSRQ) measurement of a transmission received from the second wireless device, or a failure to receive a keep alive message from the second wireless device; and triggering a radio link failure procedure based on the determination
  • RSRP reference signal receive power
  • RSRQ reference signal receive quality
  • Another aspect of this disclosure relates to apparatuses, systems, and methods for wireless networking including establishing, by a wireless node, a first wireless relay connection to a first wireless device through a second wireless device, receiving, by the wireless node, a random access procedure (RACH) message directly from the first wireless device, and transmitting, by the wireless node and directly to the first wireless device, a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message.
  • RACH random access procedure
  • RRC radio resource control
  • Another aspect of this disclosure relates to apparatuses, systems, and methods for wireless networking including broadcasting, by a second wireless device, a sidelink discovery message, receiving, from a first wireless device, a request to establish a relay connection to a wireless node; establishing, by the second wireless device, the relay connection between the first wireless device and the wireless node; receiving, from the first wireless device, a radio resource control (RRC) message, and transmitting, by the second wireless device to the wireless node, the RRC message, receiving, from the wireless node, a RRC reconfiguration message, and transmitting, by the second wireless device to the first wireless device, the RRC reconfiguration message.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the techniques described herein may be implemented in and/or used with a number of different types of devices, including but not limited to cellular phones, wireless devices, tablet computers, wearable computing devices, portable media players, and any of various other computing devices.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an example wireless communication system, according to some aspects.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a base station (BS) in communication with a user equipment (UE) device, according to some aspects.
  • BS base station
  • UE user equipment
  • Figure 3 illustrates an example block diagram of a UE, according to some Aspects.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an example block diagram of a BS, according to some aspects.
  • Figure 5 illustrates an example block diagram of cellular communication circuitry, according to some aspects.
  • Figure 6 illustrates an example block diagram of a network element, according to some aspects.
  • FIG. 7 is a conceptual block diagram of wireless sidelink relay communications, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a configured threshold, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 9 illustrates a cell selection procedure, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 10 illustrates a shortened cell selection procedure, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 11 illustrates a cell selection procedure, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 12 illustrates a relay selection procedure, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 13 is a flowchart illustrating a technique for wireless networking by a remote device, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 14 is a flowchart illustrating a technique for wireless networking by a wireless node, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 15 is a flowchart illustrating a technique for wireless networking by a relay device, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a first wireless device may communicate directly with a second wireless device where the second wireless device relays data from the first wireless device to, for example, a wireless node.
  • the second wireless device may be connected to the wireless node and the first wireless device may be capable of, but is not directly connected to, the wireless node.
  • the first wireless device may send data addressed to and receive data from the second, remote device, and the wireless node.
  • the first wireless device may experience a radio link failure (RLF) , where the connection between the first wireless device and the second wireless device or wireless node may become unexpectedly disconnected.
  • RLF radio link failure
  • Memory Medium Any of various types of non-transitory memory devices or storage devices.
  • the term “memory medium” is intended to include an installation medium, e.g., a CD-ROM, floppy disks, or tape device; a computer system memory or random access memory such as DRAM, DDR RAM, SRAM, EDO RAM, Rambus RAM, etc.; a non-volatile memory such as a Flash, magnetic media, e.g., a hard drive, or optical storage; registers, or other similar types of memory elements, etc.
  • the memory medium may include other types of non-transitory memory as well or combinations thereof.
  • the memory medium may be located in a first computer system in which the programs are executed, or may be located in a second different computer system which connects to the first computer system over a network, such as the Internet. In the latter instance, the second computer system may provide program instructions to the first computer for execution.
  • the term “memory medium” may include two or more memory mediums which may reside in different locations, e.g., in different computer systems that are connected over a network.
  • the memory medium may store program instructions (e.g., embodied as computer programs) that may be executed by one or more processors.
  • Carrier Medium a memory medium as described above, as well as a physical transmission medium, such as a bus, network, and/or other physical transmission medium that conveys signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals.
  • a physical transmission medium such as a bus, network, and/or other physical transmission medium that conveys signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals.
  • Programmable Hardware Element includes various hardware devices comprising multiple programmable function blocks connected via a programmable interconnect. Examples include FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) , PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices) , FPOAs (Field Programmable Object Arrays) , and CPLDs (Complex PLDs) .
  • the programmable function blocks may range from fine grained (combinatorial logic or look up tables) to coarse grained (arithmetic logic units or processor cores) .
  • a programmable hardware element may also be referred to as “reconfigurable logic. ”
  • Computer System any of various types of computing or processing systems, including a personal computer system (PC) , mainframe computer system, workstation, network appliance, Internet appliance, personal digital assistant (PDA) , television system, grid computing system, or other device or combinations of devices.
  • PC personal computer system
  • mainframe computer system workstation
  • network appliance Internet appliance
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • television system grid computing system, or other device or combinations of devices.
  • computer system can be broadly defined to encompass any device (or combination of devices) having at least one processor that executes instructions from a memory medium.
  • UE User Equipment
  • UE Device any of various types of computer systems or devices that are mobile or portable and that perform wireless communications.
  • UE devices include mobile telephones or smart phones (e.g., iPhone TM , Android TM -based phones) , portable gaming devices (e.g., Nintendo DS TM , PlayStation Portable TM , Gameboy Advance TM , iPhone TM ) , laptops, wearable devices (e.g., smart watch, smart glasses) , PDAs, portable Internet devices, music players, data storage devices, other handheld devices, in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) , in-car entertainment (ICE) devices, an instrument cluster, head-up display (HUD) devices, onboard diagnostic (OBD) devices, dashtop mobile equipment (DME) , mobile data terminals (MDTs) , Electronic Engine Management System (EEMS) , electronic/engine control units (ECUs) , electronic/engine control modules (ECMs) ,
  • EEMS Electronic Engine Management System
  • EEMS
  • Wireless Device any of various types of computer systems or devices that perform wireless communications.
  • a wireless device can be portable (or mobile) or may be stationary or fixed at a certain location.
  • a UE is an example of a wireless device.
  • a Communication Device any of various types of computer systems or devices that perform communications, where the communications can be wired or wireless.
  • a communication device can be portable (or mobile) or may be stationary or fixed at a certain location.
  • a wireless device is an example of a communication device.
  • a UE is another example of a communication device.
  • Base Station or “wireless station” has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning, and at least includes a wireless communication station installed at a fixed location and used to communicate as part of a wireless telephone system or radio system.
  • a wireless communication station installed at a fixed location and used to communicate as part of a wireless telephone system or radio system.
  • the base station is implemented in the context of LTE, it may alternately be referred to as an ‘eNodeB’ or ‘eNB’ .
  • eNodeB or ‘eNB’
  • 5G NR it may alternately be referred to as a ‘gNodeB’ or ‘gNB’ .
  • references to “eNB, ” “gNB, ” “nodeB, ” “base station, ” “NB, ” etc. may refer to one or more wireless nodes that service a cell to provide a wireless connection between user devices and a wider network generally and that the concepts discussed are not limited to any particular wireless technology.
  • references to “eNB, ” “gNB, ” “nodeB, ” “base station, ” “NB, ” etc. are not intended to limit the concepts discussed herein to any particular wireless technology and the concepts discussed may be applied in any wireless system.
  • node may refer to one more apparatus associated with a cell that provide a wireless connection between user devices and a wired network generally.
  • Processing Element refers to various elements or combinations of elements that are capable of performing a function in a device, such as a user equipment or a cellular network device.
  • Processing elements may include, for example: processors and associated memory, portions or circuits of individual processor cores, entire processor cores, individual processors, processor arrays, circuits such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) , programmable hardware elements such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) , as well any of various combinations of the above.
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • channel widths may be variable (e.g., depending on device capability, band conditions, etc. ) .
  • LTE may support scalable channel bandwidths from 1.4 MHz to 20MHz.
  • WLAN channels may be 22MHz wide while Bluetooth channels may be 1Mhz wide.
  • Other protocols and standards may include different definitions of channels.
  • some standards may define and use multiple types of channels, e.g., different channels for uplink or downlink and/or different channels for different uses such as data, control information, etc.
  • band has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning, and at least includes a section of spectrum (e.g., radio frequency spectrum) in which channels are used or set aside for the same purpose.
  • spectrum e.g., radio frequency spectrum
  • Automatically refers to an action or operation performed by a computer system (e.g., software executed by the computer system) or device (e.g., circuitry, programmable hardware elements, ASICs, etc. ) , without user input directly specifying or performing the action or operation.
  • a computer system e.g., software executed by the computer system
  • device e.g., circuitry, programmable hardware elements, ASICs, etc.
  • An automatic procedure may be initiated by input provided by the user, but the subsequent actions that are performed “automatically” are not specified by the user, i.e., are not performed “manually” , where the user specifies each action to perform.
  • a user filling out an electronic form by selecting each field and providing input specifying information is filling out the form manually, even though the computer system must update the form in response to the user actions.
  • the form may be automatically filled out by the computer system where the computer system (e.g., software executing on the computer system) analyzes the fields of the form and fills in the form without any user input specifying the answers to the fields.
  • the user may invoke the automatic filling of the form, but is not involved in the actual filling of the form (e.g., the user is not manually specifying answers to fields but rather they are being automatically completed) .
  • the present specification provides various examples of operations being automatically performed in response to actions the user has taken.
  • Concurrent refers to parallel execution or performance, where tasks, processes, or programs are performed in an at least partially overlapping manner.
  • concurrency may be implemented using “strong” or strict parallelism, where tasks are performed (at least partially) in parallel on respective computational elements, or using “weak parallelism” , where the tasks are performed in an interleaved manner, e.g., by time multiplexing of execution threads.
  • Configured to Various components may be described as “configured to” perform a task or tasks. In such contexts, “configured to” is a broad recitation generally meaning “having structure that” performs the task or tasks during operation. As such, the component can be configured to perform the task even when the component is not currently performing that task (e.g., a set of electrical conductors may be configured to electrically connect a module to another module, even when the two modules are not connected) . In some contexts, “configured to” may be a broad recitation of structure generally meaning “having circuitry that” performs the task or tasks during operation. As such, the component can be configured to perform the task even when the component is not currently on. In general, the circuitry that forms the structure corresponding to “configured to”may include hardware circuits.
  • FIG 1 a simplified example of a wireless communication system is illustrated, according to some aspects. It is noted that the system of Figure 1 is merely one example of a possible system, and that features of this disclosure may be implemented in any of various systems, as desired.
  • the example wireless communication system includes a base station 102A, which communicates over a transmission medium with one or more user devices 106A, 106B, etc., through 106N.
  • Each of the user devices may be referred to herein as a “user equipment” (UE) .
  • UE user equipment
  • the user devices 106 are referred to as UEs or UE devices.
  • the base station (BS) 102A may be a base transceiver station (BTS) or cell site (a“cellular base station” ) and may include hardware that enables wireless communication with the UEs 106A through 106N.
  • BTS base transceiver station
  • a“cellular base station” a“cellular base station”
  • the communication area (or coverage area) of the base station may be referred to as a “cell. ”
  • the base station 102A and the UEs 106 may be configured to communicate over the transmission medium using any of various radio access technologies (RATs) , also referred to as wireless communication technologies, or telecommunication standards, such as GSM, UMTS (associated with, for example, WCDMA or TD-SCDMA air interfaces) , LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , 5G new radio (5G NR) , HSPA, 3GPP2 CDMA2000 (e.g., 1xRTT, 1xEV-DO, HRPD, eHRPD) , etc.
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • UMTS associated with, for example, WCDMA or TD-SCDMA air interfaces
  • LTE LTE-Advanced
  • 5G NR 5G new radio
  • 3GPP2 CDMA2000 e.g., 1xRT
  • the base station 102A may alternately be referred to as an ‘eNodeB’ or ‘eNB’ .
  • eNodeB evolved NodeB
  • gNodeB gNodeB
  • the UEs 106 may be IoT UEs, which may comprise a network access layer designed for low-power IoT applications utilizing short-lived UE connections.
  • An IoT UE can utilize technologies such as M2M or MTC for exchanging data with an MTC server or device via a public land mobile network (PLMN) , proximity service (ProSe) or device-to-device (D2D) communication, sensor networks, or IoT networks.
  • PLMN public land mobile network
  • ProSe proximity service
  • D2D device-to-device
  • the M2M or MTC exchange of data may be a machine-initiated exchange of data.
  • An IoT network describes interconnecting IoT UEs, which may include uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices (within the Internet infrastructure) , with short-lived connections.
  • V2X vehicles to everything
  • the IoT UEs may also execute background applications (e.g., keep-alive messages, status updates, etc. ) to facilitate the connections of the IoT network.
  • background applications e.g., keep-alive messages, status updates, etc.
  • the UEs 106 may directly exchange communication data via a PC5 interface 108.
  • the PC5 interface 105 may comprise one or more logical channels, including but not limited to a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink downlink channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , and a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
  • PSSCH physical sidelink shared channel
  • PSCCH physical sidelink control channel
  • PSSCH physical sidelink shared channel
  • PSDCH physical sidelink downlink channel
  • PSBCH physical sidelink broadcast channel
  • PSFCH physical sidelink feedback channel
  • some UEs 106 may be directly connected to base station 102A, while also directly connected to another UE, such as UE 106N-1, in a type of connection referred to herein as sidelink, or SL, communication.
  • the wireless device is communicating directly with other wireless devices without communications having to be routed through a wireless node.
  • the sidelink UE 106N-1 may also be connected to base station 102A via UE 106N. In such cases, the UE 106N relays data intended for the base station 102A from UE 106N-1 through the UE’s 106N connection with the base station 102A.
  • RSU Road Side Unit
  • the term RSU may refer to any transportation infrastructure entity used for V2X communications.
  • An RSU may be implemented in or by a suitable wireless node or a stationary (or relatively stationary) UE, where an RSU implemented in or by a UE may be referred to as a “UE-type RSU, ” an RSU implemented in or by an eNB may be referred to as an “eNB-type RSU, ” an RSU implemented in or by a gNB may be referred to as a “gNB-type RSU, ” and the like.
  • an RSU is a computing device coupled with radio frequency circuitry located on a roadside that provides connectivity support to passing vehicle UEs (vUEs) .
  • the RSU may also include internal data storage circuitry to store intersection map geometry, traffic statistics, media, as well as applications/software to sense and control ongoing vehicular and pedestrian traffic.
  • the RSU may operate on the 5.9 GHz Direct Short Range Communications (DSRC) band to provide very low latency communications required for high speed events, such as crash avoidance, traffic warnings, and the like. Additionally, or alternatively, the RSU may operate on the cellular V2X band to provide the aforementioned low latency communications, as well as other cellular communications services.
  • DSRC Direct Short Range Communications
  • the RSU may operate as a Wi-Fi hotspot (2.4 GHz band) and/or provide connectivity to one or more cellular networks to provide uplink and downlink communications.
  • the computing device (s) and some or all of the radio frequency circuitry of the RSU may be packaged in a weatherproof enclosure suitable for outdoor installation, and may include a network interface controller to provide a wired connection (e.g., Ethernet) to a traffic signal controller and/or a backhaul network.
  • the base station 102A may also be equipped to communicate with a network 100 (e.g., a core network of a cellular service provider, a telecommunication network such as a public switched telephone network (PSTN) , and/or the Internet, among various possibilities) .
  • a network 100 e.g., a core network of a cellular service provider, a telecommunication network such as a public switched telephone network (PSTN) , and/or the Internet, among various possibilities
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • the base station 102A may facilitate communication between the user devices and/or between the user devices and the network 100.
  • the cellular base station 102A may provide UEs 106 with various telecommunication capabilities, such as voice, SMS and/or data services.
  • Base station 102A and other similar base stations (such as base stations 102B...102N) operating according to the same or a different cellular communication standard may thus be provided as a network of cells, which may provide continuous or nearly continuous overlapping service to UEs 106A-N and similar devices over a geographic area via one or more cellular communication standards.
  • base station 102A may act as a “serving cell” for UEs 106A-N as illustrated in Figure 1, each UE 106 may also be capable of receiving signals from (and possibly within communication range of) one or more other cells (which might be provided by base stations 102B-N and/or any other base stations) , which may be referred to as “neighboring cells. ” Such cells may also be capable of facilitating communication between user devices and/or between user devices and the network 100. Such cells may include “macro” cells, “micro” cells, “pico” cells, and/or cells which provide any of various other granularities of service area size.
  • base stations 102A-B illustrated in Figure 1 might be macro cells, while base station 102N might be a micro cell. Other configurations are also possible.
  • base station 102A may be a next generation base station, e.g., a 5G New Radio (5G NR) base station, or “gNB. ”
  • a gNB may be connected to a legacy evolved packet core (EPC) network and/or to a NR core (NRC) /5G core (5GC) network.
  • EPC legacy evolved packet core
  • NRC NR core
  • 5GC /5G core
  • a gNB cell may include one or more transition and reception points (TRPs) .
  • TRPs transition and reception points
  • a UE capable of operating according to 5G NR may be connected to one or more TRPs within one or more gNBs.
  • the base station 102A and one or more other base stations 102 support joint transmission, such that UE 106 may be able to receive transmissions from multiple base stations (and/or multiple TRPs provided by the same base station) .
  • both base station 102A and base station 102C are shown as serving UE 106A.
  • a UE 106 may be capable of communicating using multiple wireless communication standards.
  • the UE 106 may be configured to communicate using a wireless networking (e.g., Wi-Fi) and/or peer-to-peer wireless communication protocol (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi peer-to-peer, etc. ) in addition to at least one cellular communication protocol (e.g., GSM, UMTS (associated with, for example, WCDMA or TD-SCDMA air interfaces) , LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR, HSPA, 3GPP2 CDMA2000 (e.g., 1xRTT, 1xEV-DO, HRPD, eHRPD) , etc. ) .
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • UMTS associated with, for example, WCDMA or TD-SCDMA air interfaces
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A Long Term Evolution
  • 5G NR Fifth Generation
  • HSPA High Speed Packet Access
  • the UE 106 may also or alternatively be configured to communicate using one or more global navigational satellite systems (GNSS, e.g., GPS or GLONASS) , one or more mobile television broadcasting standards (e.g., ATSC-M/H) , and/or any other wireless communication protocol, if desired.
  • GNSS global navigational satellite systems
  • mobile television broadcasting standards e.g., ATSC-M/H
  • ATSC-M/H mobile television broadcasting standards
  • Other combinations of wireless communication standards including more than two wireless communication standards are also possible.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates user equipment 106 (e.g., one of the devices 106A through 106N) in communication with a base station 102, according to some aspects.
  • the UE 106 may be a device with cellular communication capability such as a mobile phone, a hand-held device, a computer, a laptop, a tablet, a smart watch or other wearable device, or virtually any type of wireless device.
  • the UE 106 may include a processor (processing element) that is configured to execute program instructions stored in memory.
  • the UE 106 may perform any of the method aspects described herein by executing such stored instructions.
  • the UE 106 may include a programmable hardware element such as an FPGA (field-programmable gate array) , an integrated circuit, and/or any of various other possible hardware components that are configured to perform (e.g., individually or in combination) any of the method aspects described herein, or any portion of any of the method aspects described herein.
  • FPGA field-programmable gate array
  • the UE 106 may include one or more antennas for communicating using one or more wireless communication protocols or technologies.
  • the UE 106 may be configured to communicate using, for example, NR or LTE using at least some shared radio components.
  • the UE 106 could be configured to communicate using CDMA2000 (1xRTT /1xEV-DO /HRPD /eHRPD) or LTE using a single shared radio and/or GSM or LTE using the single shared radio.
  • the shared radio may couple to a single antenna, or may couple to multiple antennas (e.g., for MIMO) for performing wireless communications.
  • a radio may include any combination of a baseband processor, analog RF signal processing circuitry (e.g., including filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, etc. ) , or digital processing circuitry (e.g., for digital modulation as well as other digital processing) .
  • the radio may implement one or more receive and transmit chains using the aforementioned hardware.
  • the UE 106 may share one or more parts of a receive and/or transmit chain between multiple wireless communication technologies, such as those discussed above.
  • the UE 106 may include separate transmit and/or receive chains (e.g., including separate antennas and other radio components) for each wireless communication protocol with which it is configured to communicate.
  • the UE 106 may include one or more radios which are shared between multiple wireless communication protocols, and one or more radios which are used exclusively by a single wireless communication protocol.
  • the UE 106 might include a shared radio for communicating using either of LTE or 5G NR (or either of LTE or 1xRTT, or either of LTE or GSM, among various possibilities) , and separate radios for communicating using each of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Other configurations are also possible.
  • a downlink resource grid can be used for downlink transmissions from any of the base stations 102 to the UEs 106, while uplink transmissions can utilize similar techniques.
  • the grid can be a time-frequency grid, called a resource grid or time-frequency resource grid, which is the physical resource in the downlink in each slot.
  • a time-frequency plane representation is a common practice for OFDM systems, which makes it intuitive for radio resource allocation.
  • Each column and each row of the resource grid corresponds to one OFDM symbol and one OFDM subcarrier, respectively.
  • the duration of the resource grid in the time domain corresponds to one slot in a radio frame.
  • the smallest time-frequency unit in a resource grid is denoted as a resource element.
  • Each resource grid may comprise a number of resource blocks, which describe the mapping of certain physical channels to resource elements.
  • Each resource block comprises a collection of resource elements. There are several different physical downlink channels that are conveyed using such resource blocks.
  • the physical downlink shared channel may carry user data and higher-layer signaling to the UEs 106.
  • the physical downlink control channel may carry information about the transport format and resource allocations related to the PDSCH channel, among other things. It may also inform the UEs 106 about the transport format, resource allocation, and H-ARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) information related to the uplink shared channel.
  • downlink scheduling (assigning control and shared channel resource blocks to the UE 102 within a cell) may be performed at any of the base stations 102 based on channel quality information fed back from any of the UEs 106.
  • the downlink resource assignment information may be sent on the PDCCH used for (e.g., assigned to) each of the UEs.
  • the PDCCH may use control channel elements (CCEs) to convey the control information.
  • CCEs control channel elements
  • the PDCCH complex-valued symbols may first be organized into quadruplets, which may then be permuted using a sub-block interleaver for rate matching.
  • Each PDCCH may be transmitted using one or more of these CCEs, where each CCE may correspond to nine sets of four physical resource elements known as resource element groups (REGs) .
  • Four Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) symbols may be mapped to each REG.
  • the PDCCH can be transmitted using one or more CCEs, depending on the size of the downlink control information (DCI) and the channel condition.
  • DCI downlink control information
  • There can be four or more different PDCCH formats defined in LTE with different numbers of CCEs (e.g., aggregation level, L 1, 2, 4, or 8) .
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example simplified block diagram of a communication device 106, according to some aspects. It is noted that the block diagram of the communication device of Figure 3 is only one example of a possible communication device.
  • communication device 106 may be a user equipment (UE) device, a mobile device or mobile station, a wireless device or wireless station, a desktop computer or computing device, a mobile computing device (e.g., a laptop, notebook, or portable computing device) , a tablet, and/or a combination of devices, among other devices.
  • the communication device 106 may include a set of components 300 configured to perform core functions.
  • this set of components may be implemented as a system on chip (SOC) , which may include portions for various purposes.
  • SOC system on chip
  • this set of components 300 may be implemented as separate components or groups of components for the various purposes.
  • the set of components 300 may be coupled (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) to various other circuits of the communication device 106.
  • the communication device 106 may include various types of memory (e.g., including NAND flash 310) , an input/output interface such as connector I/F 320 (e.g., for connecting to a computer system; dock; charging station; input devices, such as a microphone, camera, keyboard; output devices, such as speakers; etc. ) , the display 360, which may be integrated with or external to the communication device 106, and wireless communication circuitry 330 (e.g., for LTE, LTE-A, NR, UMTS, GSM, CDMA2000, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, NFC, GPS, etc. ) .
  • communication device 106 may include wired communication circuitry (not shown) , such as a network interface card, e.g., for Ethernet.
  • the wireless communication circuitry 330 may couple (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) to one or more antennas, such as antenna (s) 335 as shown.
  • the wireless communication circuitry 330 may include cellular communication circuitry and/or short to medium range wireless communication circuitry, and may include multiple receive chains and/or multiple transmit chains for receiving and/or transmitting multiple spatial streams, such as in a multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) configuration.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple output
  • cellular communication circuitry 330 may include one or more receive chains (including and/or coupled to (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) dedicated processors and/or radios) for multiple RATs (e.g., a first receive chain for LTE and a second receive chain for 5G NR) .
  • cellular communication circuitry 330 may include a single transmit chain that may be switched between radios dedicated to specific RATs. For example, a first radio may be dedicated to a first RAT, e.g., LTE, and may be in communication with a dedicated receive chain and a transmit chain shared with a second radio.
  • the second radio may be dedicated to a second RAT, e.g., 5G NR, and may be in communication with a dedicated receive chain and the shared transmit chain.
  • the second RAT may operate at mmWave frequencies.
  • mmWave systems operate in higher frequencies than typically found in LTE systems, signals in the mmWave frequency range are heavily attenuated by environmental factors.
  • mmWave systems often utilize beamforming and include more antennas as compared LTE systems. These antennas may be organized into antenna arrays or panels made up of individual antenna elements. These antenna arrays may be coupled to the radio chains.
  • the communication device 106 may also include and/or be configured for use with one or more user interface elements.
  • the user interface elements may include any of various elements, such as display 360 (which may be a touchscreen display) , a keyboard (which may be a discrete keyboard or may be implemented as part of a touchscreen display) , a mouse, a microphone and/or speakers, one or more cameras, one or more buttons, and/or any of various other elements capable of providing information to a user and/or receiving or interpreting user input.
  • the communication device 106 may further include one or more smart cards 345 that include SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) functionality, such as one or more UICC (s) (Universal Integrated Circuit Card (s) ) cards 345.
  • SIM Subscriber Identity Module
  • UICC Universal Integrated Circuit Card
  • the SOC 300 may include processor (s) 302, which may execute program instructions for the communication device 106 and display circuitry 304, which may perform graphics processing and provide display signals to the display 360.
  • the processor (s) 302 may also be coupled to memory management unit (MMU) 340, which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor (s) 302 and translate those addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory 306, read only memory (ROM) 350, NAND flash memory 310) and/or to other circuits or devices, such as the display circuitry 304, wireless communication circuitry 330, connector I/F 320, and/or display 360.
  • the MMU 340 may be configured to perform memory protection and page table translation or set up. In some aspects, the MMU 340 may be included as a portion of the processor (s) 302.
  • the communication device 106 may be configured to communicate using wireless and/or wired communication circuitry.
  • the communication device 106 may include hardware and software components for implementing any of the various features and techniques described herein.
  • the processor 302 of the communication device 106 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium) .
  • processor 302 may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) , or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) .
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • the processor 302 of the communication device 106 in conjunction with one or more of the other components 300, 304, 306, 310, 320, 330, 340, 345, 350, 360 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein.
  • processor 302 may include one or more processing elements.
  • processor 302 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of processor 302.
  • each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of processor (s) 302.
  • wireless communication circuitry 330 may include one or more processing elements. In other words, one or more processing elements may be included in wireless communication circuitry 330.
  • wireless communication circuitry 330 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of wireless communication circuitry 330.
  • each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of wireless communication circuitry 330.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example block diagram of a base station 102, according to some aspects. It is noted that the base station of Figure 4 is merely one example of a possible base station.
  • the base station 102 may include processor (s) 404 which may execute program instructions for the base station 102.
  • the processor (s) 404 may also be coupled to memory management unit (MMU) 440, which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor (s) 404 and translate those addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory 460 and read only memory (ROM) 450) or to other circuits or devices.
  • MMU memory management unit
  • the base station 102 may include at least one network port 470.
  • the network port 470 may be configured to couple to a telephone network and provide a plurality of devices, such as UE devices 106, access to the telephone network as described above in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the network port 470 may also or alternatively be configured to couple to a cellular network, e.g., a core network of a cellular service provider.
  • the core network may provide mobility related services and/or other services to a plurality of devices, such as UE devices 106.
  • the network port 470 may couple to a telephone network via the core network, and/or the core network may provide a telephone network (e.g., among other UE devices serviced by the cellular service provider) .
  • base station 102 may be a next generation base station, e.g., a 5G New Radio (5G NR) base station, or “gNB. ”
  • base station 102 may be connected to a legacy evolved packet core (EPC) network and/or to a NR core (NRC) /5G core (5GC) network.
  • EPC legacy evolved packet core
  • NRC NR core
  • 5GC /5G core
  • base station 102 may be considered a 5G NR cell and may include one or more transition and reception points (TRPs) .
  • TRPs transition and reception points
  • a UE capable of operating according to 5G NR may be connected to one or more TRPs within one or more gNBs.
  • the base station 102 may include at least one antenna 434, and possibly multiple antennas.
  • the at least one antenna 434 may be configured to operate as a wireless transceiver and may be further configured to communicate with UE devices 106 via radio 430.
  • the antenna 434 communicates with the radio 430 via communication chain 432.
  • Communication chain 432 may be a receive chain, a transmit chain or both.
  • the radio 430 may be configured to communicate via various wireless communication standards, including, but not limited to, 5G NR, LTE, LTE-A, GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, Wi-Fi, etc.
  • the base station 102 may be configured to communicate wirelessly using multiple wireless communication standards.
  • the base station 102 may include multiple radios, which may enable the base station 102 to communicate according to multiple wireless communication technologies.
  • the base station 102 may include an LTE radio for performing communication according to LTE as well as a 5G NR radio for performing communication according to 5G NR.
  • the base station 102 may be capable of operating as both an LTE base station and a 5G NR base station.
  • the 5G NR radio may be coupled to one or more mmWave antenna arrays or panels.
  • the base station 102 may include a multi-mode radio, which is capable of performing communications according to any of multiple wireless communication technologies (e.g., 5G NR and LTE, 5G NR and Wi-Fi, LTE and Wi-Fi, LTE and UMTS, LTE and CDMA2000, UMTS and GSM, etc. ) .
  • multiple wireless communication technologies e.g., 5G NR and LTE, 5G NR and Wi-Fi, LTE and Wi-Fi, LTE and UMTS, LTE and CDMA2000, UMTS and GSM, etc.
  • the BS 102 may include hardware and software components for implementing or supporting implementation of features described herein.
  • the processor 404 of the base station 102 may be configured to implement or support implementation of part or all of the methods described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer readable memory medium) .
  • the processor 404 may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) , or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) , or a combination thereof.
  • processor 404 of the BS 102 in conjunction with one or more of the other components 430, 432, 434, 440, 450, 460, 470 may be configured to implement or support implementation of part or all of the features described herein.
  • processor (s) 404 may include one or more processing elements.
  • processor (s) 404 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of processor (s) 404.
  • each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of processor (s) 404.
  • radio 430 may include one or more processing elements.
  • radio 430 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of radio 430.
  • each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of radio 430.
  • Figure 5 illustrates an example simplified block diagram of cellular communication circuitry, according to some aspects. It is noted that the block diagram of the cellular communication circuitry of Figure 5 is only one example of a possible cellular communication circuit; other circuits, such as circuits including or coupled to sufficient antennas for different RATs to perform uplink activities using separate antennas, or circuits including or coupled to fewer antennas, e.g., that may be shared among multiple RATs, are also possible. According to some aspects, cellular communication circuitry 330 may be included in a communication device, such as communication device 106 described above.
  • communication device 106 may be a user equipment (UE) device, a mobile device or mobile station, a wireless device or wireless station, a desktop computer or computing device, a mobile computing device (e.g., a laptop, notebook, or portable computing device) , a tablet and/or a combination of devices, among other devices.
  • UE user equipment
  • mobile device or mobile station e.g., a mobile device or mobile station
  • wireless device or wireless station e.g., a desktop computer or computing device
  • a mobile computing device e.g., a laptop, notebook, or portable computing device
  • tablet e.g., a tablet and/or a combination of devices, among other devices.
  • the cellular communication circuitry 330 may couple (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) to one or more antennas, such as antennas 335a-b and 336 as shown.
  • cellular communication circuitry 330 may include dedicated receive chains (including and/or coupled to (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) dedicated processors and/or radios) for multiple RATs (e.g., a first receive chain for LTE and a second receive chain for 5G NR) .
  • cellular communication circuitry 330 may include a first modem 510 and a second modem 520.
  • the first modem 510 may be configured for communications according to a first RAT, e.g., such as LTE or LTE-A, and the second modem 520 may be configured for communications according to a second RAT, e.g., such as 5G NR.
  • a first RAT e.g., such as LTE or LTE-A
  • a second RAT e.g., such as 5G NR
  • the first modem 510 may include one or more processors 512 and a memory 516 in communication with processors 512.
  • Modem 510 may be in communication with a radio frequency (RF) front end 530.
  • RF front end 530 may include circuitry for transmitting and receiving radio signals.
  • RF front end 530 may include receive circuitry (RX) 532 and transmit circuitry (TX) 534.
  • receive circuitry 532 may be in communication with downlink (DL) front end 550, which may include circuitry for receiving radio signals via antenna 335a.
  • DL downlink
  • the second modem 520 may include one or more processors 522 and a memory 526 in communication with processors 522.
  • Modem 520 may be in communication with an RF front end 540.
  • RF front end 540 may include circuitry for transmitting and receiving radio signals.
  • RF front end 540 may include receive circuitry 542 and transmit circuitry 544.
  • receive circuitry 542 may be in communication with DL front end 560, which may include circuitry for receiving radio signals via antenna 335b.
  • a switch 570 may couple transmit circuitry 534 to uplink (UL) front end 572.
  • switch 570 may couple transmit circuitry 544 to UL front end 572.
  • UL front end 572 may include circuitry for transmitting radio signals via antenna 336.
  • switch 570 may be switched to a first state that allows the first modem 510 to transmit signals according to the first RAT (e.g., via a transmit chain that includes transmit circuitry 534 and UL front end 572) .
  • switch 570 may be switched to a second state that allows the second modem 520 to transmit signals according to the second RAT (e.g., via a transmit chain that includes transmit circuitry 544 and UL front end 572) .
  • the first modem 510 and/or the second modem 520 may include hardware and software components for implementing any of the various features and techniques described herein.
  • the processors 512, 522 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium) .
  • processors 512, 522 may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) , or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) .
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • processors 512, 522, in conjunction with one or more of the other components 530, 532, 534, 540, 542, 544, 550, 570, 572, 335 and 336 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein.
  • processors 512, 522 may include one or more processing elements.
  • processors 512, 522 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of processors 512, 522.
  • each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of processors 512, 522.
  • the cellular communication circuitry 330 may include only one transmit/receive chain.
  • the cellular communication circuitry 330 may not include the modem 520, the RF front end 540, the DL front end 560, and/or the antenna 335b.
  • the cellular communication circuitry 330 may not include the modem 510, the RF front end 530, the DL front end 550, and/or the antenna 335a.
  • the cellular communication circuitry 330 may also not include the switch 570, and the RF front end 530 or the RF front end 540 may be in communication, e.g., directly, with the UL front end 572.
  • Figure 6 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a network element 600, according to some aspects.
  • the network element 600 may implement one or more logical functions/entities of a cellular core network, such as a mobility management entity (MME) , serving gateway (S-GW) , access and management function (AMF) , session management function (SMF) , network slice quota management (NSQM) function, etc.
  • MME mobility management entity
  • S-GW serving gateway
  • AMF access and management function
  • SMF session management function
  • NSQM network slice quota management
  • the core network element 600 may include processor (s) 604 which may execute program instructions for the core network element 600.
  • the processor (s) 604 may also be coupled to memory management unit (MMU) 640, which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor (s) 604 and translate those addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory 660 and read only memory (ROM) 650) or to other circuits or devices.
  • MMU memory management unit
  • the network element 600 may include at least one network port 670.
  • the network port 670 may be configured to couple to one or more base stations and/or other cellular network entities and/or devices.
  • the network element 600 may communicate with base stations (e.g., eNBs/gNBs) and/or other network entities /devices by means of any of various communication protocols and/or interfaces.
  • the network element 600 may include hardware and software components for implementing and/or supporting implementation of features described herein.
  • the processor (s) 604 of the core network element 600 may be configured to implement or support implementation of part or all of the methods described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a nontransitory computer-readable memory medium) .
  • the processor 604 may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) , or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) , or a combination thereof.
  • discontinuous reception is used to increase wireless device battery life.
  • a wireless device may use a set of resources (e.g., time, frequency) for downlink from the wireless network. Without DRX, a wireless device would actively monitor for a signal from the wireless network with the entire set of resources.
  • DRX allows a wireless device to monitor for a signal from the wireless network with a subset of the resources. For example, DRX may follow a DRX cycle where for a first period of time the wireless device is in an active state to monitor for a scheduling signal from the wireless network, and during the remainder of the DRX cycle the wireless device may enter into a relatively lower power state (e.g., sleep state) if a scheduling message is not received.
  • the wireless device can skip downlink channels from the wireless network to improve battery performance.
  • the wireless device is communicating directly with other wireless devices without communications having to be routed through a wireless node.
  • a dedicated sidelink resource pool may be determined for wireless devices.
  • the sidelink resource pool may be determined based on sidelink modes that the wireless devices are in.For example, two sidelink modes may be defined in some cases.
  • the wireless device may obtain sidelink resource pool information from a wireless network, for example, via a configuration message such as a DCI format 3_0 message from a wireless node.
  • a transmitting wireless device may sense a physical medium, such as a set of radio frequencies, to determine a set of unused frequency resources, and select from the set of unused frequency resources, the sidelink resource pool.
  • a set of rules may be defined for how the frequency resources may be selected and the frequency resources may vary based on a location of the wireless device.
  • one or more of the wireless devices may be either connected, not connected, or outside of a wireless network coverage area.
  • FIG. 7 is a conceptual block diagram 700 of wireless sidelink relay communications, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Sidelink relay communications builds on the sidelink connections.
  • a remote device 702 may establish sidelink communications with a relay device 704, which is connected to a wireless node 706.
  • the relay device 704 then routes (e.g., relays) information from the remote device 702 to the wireless node 706 via the relay device’s 704 connection 708 to the wireless node 706.
  • the remote device 702 may communicate with both the relay device 704 and the wireless node 706.
  • the remote device 702 may establish a sidelink communications link 710 with the relay device 704 using one or more sidelink resources for communicating with the relay device 704.
  • the sidelink communications link 710 may be used to communicate as between the remote device 702 and the relay device 704 and data transmitted on the sidelink communications link 710 may generally not for relay to the wireless node 706.
  • the sidelink communications link 710 may be associated with one or more destination identifiers for identifying the remote device 702 and the relay device 704. In some cases, these one or more resources may be allocated from the sidelink resources pool for the sidelink communications link 710.
  • the sidelink communications link 710 may be used for, for example, establishing, coordinating, and/or control of communications as between the remote device 702 and the relay device 704.
  • the relay device 704 may broadcast a sidelink discovery message on a predefined schedule.
  • the remote device 702 may discover the relay device 704 via the sidelink discovery message.
  • the sidelink discovery message may include one or more embedded sidelink reference signals.
  • the remote device 702 may perform a reference signal receive power (RSRP) and/or reference signal receive quality (RSRQ) measurement based on these one or more embedded sidelink reference signals and report the RSRP/RSRQ back to the relay device 704 to help adjust aspects of the sidelink communications link 710.
  • the sidelink communications link 710 may include information regarding the sidelink communications link and a relay communications link 712.
  • the relay communications link 712 may be used to communicated by the remote device 702 and the wireless node 706.
  • the relay device 704 may relay data transmitted on the relay communications link 712, but it may not be able to access the relayed data itself.
  • Data transmitted on the relay communications link 712 may be relayed to the wireless node 706 via the relay device’s 704 connection 708.
  • the resources allocated for the relay communications link 712 may be the same or different from the resources allocated for the sidelink communications link 710.
  • the relay communications link 712 may be associated with one or more destination identifiers that are different from the destination identifies used on the sidelink communications link 710 for identifying the remote device 702 and the relay device 704.
  • the term link such as the sidelink communications link, the relay communications link, and the link between the relay device and the wireless node, refers to a logical connection.
  • the sidelink communications link 710 and the relay communications link 712 may be transmitted and received on a common set of one or more channels, data and control channels, bandwidth parts, aggregated links, etc. Routing information, such as destination identifiers, may be used to determine
  • Wireless communications are generally subject to environmental conditions, which may cause a wireless connection to be lost.
  • a wireless device may move into an area, in which a wireless signal may have difficulty reaching.
  • Wireless systems thus are often able to detect and handle RLFs.
  • the wireless device may monitor the physical (PHY) layer and determine that a RFL has occurred, such as if the PHY layer becomes out of sync with transmission from the wireless node for longer than a certain period of time, or if a maximum number of retransmissions has occurred. Once a determination that an RLF has occurred, the wireless device may perform cell selection to select a new wireless node to connect to.
  • PHY physical
  • the wireless device transmits a radio resource control (RRC) reestablishment request message to the wireless node to reestablish and reconfigure the wireless device for the new wireless node.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • RLF detection and handling techniques as between a wireless device directly connected to a wireless node, or another wireless device may not be well suited for cases where the wireless device is connected to the wireless node through another wireless device.
  • the wireless device may monitor the sidelink relay connections to determine if an RLF has occurred. In some cases, this monitoring may be performed in a media access control (MAC) layer. Generally, where a wireless device is directly connected to a wireless node, the wireless device may monitor a single wireless connection for RLF.
  • a sidelink relay connection between a remote device and a wireless node may include three separate wireless connections: the sidelink communications link, the relay communications link, and the link between the relay device and the wireless node.
  • the remote device may perform a RSRP/RSRQ measurement on the sidelink communications link as between the relay device one or more embedded sidelink reference signals broadcast by the remote device.
  • a RSRP measurement is based on a received signal strength of a reference signal over a certain bandwidth and a RSRQ measurement considers the received signal strength and a number of used resource blocks over the certain bandwidth.
  • the RSRP/RSRQ provide an indication of the signal quality of a transmission.
  • the remote device may determine that an RLF has occurred.
  • This threshold level may be predefined, for example, in a specification, or dynamically configured, such as by a wireless node.
  • the remote device may use a network access stratum (NAS) level PC5 interface to interface with a remote device.
  • NAS network access stratum
  • the remote device may transmit a PC5-S keep alive messages indicating that the PC5 connection should be maintained and the remote device may respond with an acknowledgement.
  • This PC5-S exchange may be scheduled as between the remote device and the remote device. If the remote device does not receive an acknowledgement to a PC5-S exchange, the remote device may determine that an RLF has occurred. for the sidelink relay connection
  • the remote device may determine an RLF has occurred based on a determination that a maximum number of retransmissions has been reached. For example, a remote device may transmit data destined for the remote device, such as on the sidelink communications link. The remote device may receive the data and attempt to decode the data. If the remote device cannot decode the data, the remote device may request that the remote device retransmit the data and the remote device may attempt to retransmit the data. In some cases, this request may be a NACK (negative acknowledgment) . If the remote device attempts to retransmit the data more than a maximum number of retransmission attempts, the remote device may determine that an RLF has occurred.
  • NACK negative acknowledgment
  • the RLF determination may be applicable to all wireless links with the remote device as well as wireless links that were relayed by the remote device. For example, if a RLF is determined for the sidelink communications link, this RLF may also apply to the relay communications link and the relay device’s connection.
  • the remote device may transmit data destined for the wireless node, such as on the relay communications link.
  • the wireless node may receive the data and attempt to decode the data. If the wireless node cannot decode the data, the wireless node may request that the remote device retransmit the data and the remote device may attempt to retransmit the data. If the remote device attempts to retransmit the data more than a maximum number of retransmission attempts, the remote device may determine that an RLF has occurred for the sidelink relay connection.
  • the remote device may determine an RLF has occurred based on a determination that a maximum number of hybrid automatic repeat requests (HARQ) discontinuous transmission (DTX) have occurred. For example, a remote device may transmit data destined for the remote device, such as on the sidelink communications link. The remote device may receive the data and attempt to decode the data. The remote device may, under HARQ, transmit an acknowledgment back to the remote device if the remote device is able to decode the data, or if, the remote device is not capable of decoding the data, the remote device may transmit a retransmit request (e.g., NACK) to the remote device.
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat requests
  • DTX discontinuous transmission
  • the remote device may determine that a HARQ DTX occasion has occurred. In some cases, the remote device may attempt to retransmit the data and then attempt to receive an ACK/NACK response. If more than a maximum number of HARQ DTX occasions occur, the remote device may determine that an RLF has occurred. In some cases, if a RLF is determined to have occurred as between the remote device and the remote device, the RLF determination may be applicable to all wireless links with the remote device as well as wireless links that were relayed by the remote device.
  • a remote device may transmit data destined for the wireless node, such as on the relay communications link.
  • the wireless node may receive the data and attempt to decode the data.
  • the wireless node may, under HARQ, transmit an acknowledgment back to the remote device if the wireless node is able to decode the data, or if, the wireless node is not capable of decoding the data, the wireless node may transmit a retransmit request (e.g., NACK) to the remote device. If neither an acknowledgement (ACK) or a retransmit request is received with a certain time period, then the remote device may determine that a HARQ DTX occasion has occurred.
  • NACK acknowledgement
  • the remote device may determine that a HARQ DTX occasion has occurred.
  • the remote device may attempt to retransmit the data and then attempt to receive an ACK/NACK response. If more than a maximum number of HARQ DTX occasions occur, the remote device may determine that an RLF has occurred for the sidelink relay connection.
  • the remote device may take certain actions to attempt to reestablish a connection with the wireless node.
  • the remote device may perform cell selection/reselection and relay selection/reselection in parallel.
  • the remote wireless device may perform a cell selection/reselection by listening for a suitable wireless node and performing measurements of received signals from the wireless node. While performing the cell selection/reselection, the remote device may also listen for suitable relay devices and performing measurements of signal (s) received from relay devices.
  • the remote device may perform cell selection/reselection to a wireless node as typically performed by a wireless device, such as a UE. In cases where the remote device is only able to detect one or more relay devices, the remote device may perform a typical relay selection/reselection.
  • the remote device may detect both a wireless node and a relay device. In such cases, the remote device may determine whether to connect to the wireless node directly or connect to a relay device based on a set of priorities determined based on measurements of the received signals from the wireless node and the relay device. In some cases, this set of priorities may be predefined, such as in a specification. In other cases, this set of priorities may be configured, such as by a wireless node.
  • a wireless node with a channel quality above a configured cell preference threshold that is better than a typical cell selection criteria may be a highest priority for the relay device to connect to.
  • Figure 8 is a conceptual diagram 800 illustrating the configured threshold, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • wireless devices generally within a certain distance 804 of a wireless node 802 may measure a channel quality of the wireless node 802 and determine that the channel quality of the wireless node 802 is above a selection criteria and thus the wireless node 802 may be selected for connection by the wireless device.
  • the channel quality may RSRP/RSRQ measurements based on one or more reference signals broadcast by the wireless node.
  • the cell preference threshold may be based on the measured RSRP/RSRQ of a wireless node and the cell preference threshold may include a relatively higher quality RSRP/RSRQ measurement as compared to the selection criteria.
  • a relay device may generally be within a closer distance 806 to the wireless node 802 to be able to measure the channel quality within the cell preference threshold.
  • relay devices may be relatively lower power devices as compared to other wireless devices and communicating directly with the wireless node, as compared to a relay device, may consume more power than is preferred when the channel quality of the connection with the wireless node does not exceed the cell preference threshold.
  • the relay device may select any of the multiple wireless nodes.
  • wireless nodes with a measured channel quality above the selection criteria, but below the cell preference threshold may be the second highest priority connection.
  • a direct connection with a wireless node with a measured channel quality above the selection criteria may be preferred over a connection with a relay device. If multiple wireless nodes have a channel quality above the selection criteria and none of the multiple wireless nodes have a channel quality above the cell preference threshold, then the relay device may select any of the multiple wireless nodes. If no wireless nodes have a channel quality above the selection criteria, then the remote device may connect with a relay device. Thus, in these cases, connecting with a relay device may have a lower priority than connecting with a wireless node with a measured channel quality above the selection criteria.
  • relay devices with a measured sidelink channel quality above a relay preference threshold may be the second highest priority connection.
  • a relay connection with a relay device may be preferred over a direct connection with a wireless node with a measured channel quality above the selection criteria, but below the cell preference threshold.
  • the sidelink channel quality may be a measured channel quality of a sidelink signal from the relay device, such as a sidelink discovery message.
  • the measurement may be a RSRP/RSRQ measurement. If multiple relay devices have a sidelink channel quality above the relay preference threshold, then the relay device may select any of the multiple relay devices.
  • the remote device may connect with a wireless node with a measured channel quality above the selection criteria but below the cell preference threshold.
  • connecting with a wireless node with a measured channel quality above the selection criteria, but below the cell preference threshold may have a lower priority than connecting with a relay device with a measured sidelink channel quality above a relay preference threshold.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a cell selection procedure 900, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a remote device 902 may initially have an established sidelink relay connection 904 through a relay device 906 with a first wireless node 908.
  • the remote device 902 may then determine that a sidelink relay RLF 910 has occurred for the sidelink relay connection 904.
  • the remote device 902 may then perform a cell selection procedure 912 and attempt to connect to the first wireless node 908.
  • the remote device 902 may perform a random access procedure (RACH) 914 to synchronize with the wireless node.
  • RACH random access procedure
  • the wireless node may transmit an RRC reestablishment request message to the first wireless node 908.
  • the RRC reestablishment request message indicates to the first wireless node 908 to retrieve a UE context from the wireless network for establishing access stratum (AS) security for the remote device 902 or setup a new UE context for the remote device 902.
  • the first wireless node 908 may then transmit an RRC reestablishment and RRC reconfiguration response message 916 to establish the UE context.
  • the RACH procedure 914 may include multiple message exchanges by the remote device 904 and the wireless node 908.
  • the remote device 902 may, as a part of the RACH procedure 914, first transmit a MSG1 random access preamble to the wireless node 908, receive a MSG2 from the wireless node 908 including scheduling resources, and then transmit a MSG3, including the RRC reestablish request message to the wireless node 908.
  • the remote device 902 is initially connected to the first wireless node 908 via a sidelink relay connection 904 and then reconnects to the first wireless node 908 directly after an RLF.
  • the remote device 902 may connect to a second wireless node 918 rather than the first wireless node 908.
  • the remote device 902 may determine, during the cell selection procedure 912, that the second wireless node 918 has a higher priority than the first wireless node 908.
  • the remote device 902 may establish a connection with the second wireless node 918 in substantially the same way as with the first wireless node 908, performing a RACH procedure 914 including a RRC reestablishment request 920.
  • the second wireless node 918 may attempt to retrieve the UE context of the remote device 902 from the wireless network (e.g., the first wireless node 908) and/or setup a new UE context. The second wireless node 918 may then transmit an RRC reestablishment and RRC reconfiguration response message 922 to the remote device 902.
  • cell selection procedure 900 if a connection between the remote device 902 and a wireless node 908/918 is changed (e.g., from relay to direct) , then a RRC reestablishment procedure is performed.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a shortened cell selection procedure 1000, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a speed, at which reestablishing a connection to a wireless node may be performed by omitting the RRC reestablishment request.
  • a remote device 1002 is initially connected via a sidelink relay connection 1004 through a relay device 1006 to a wireless node 1008.
  • the remote device 1002 may then determine that a sidelink relay RLF 1010 has occurred for the sidelink relay connection 1004.
  • the remote device 1002 may then perform a cell selection procedure 1012 and attempt to reconnect to the same wireless node 1008.
  • the cell selection procedure 1012 may be performed substantially concurrently as a sidelink relay selection procedure (not shown) .
  • the remote device 1002 may perform a random access procedure (RACH) 1014 to synchronize with the wireless node without transmitting a RRC reestablishment request to the wireless node 1008.
  • RACH random access procedure
  • the remote device 1002 may transmit the cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) used during the sidelink relay connection 1004 to identify the remote device 1002 to the wireless node 1008.
  • C-RNTI cell radio network temporary identifier
  • the wireless node 1008 may store the C-RNTI and associated UE context of wireless devices connected to the wireless node 1008. The wireless node 1008 may then respond with an RRC reconfiguration response 1016 to establish the RRC connection via the direct link without attempting to retrieve the UE context from the network or attempt to setup a new UE context.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a cell selection procedure 1100, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a remote device 1102 is initially connected via a sidelink relay connection 1104 through a relay device 1106 to a wireless node 1108.
  • the wireless node 1108 may also configure the remote device 1102 to connect to the wireless node 1108 directly, for example, assigning bandwidth part resources for the wireless node 1108 for a direct connection.
  • This direct connection while configured and maintained, may be inactive when using the relay connection.
  • the remote device 1102 may maintain a set of direct connection (Uu) RLF timers/counters, such as a T310 counter, related to determining that an RLF has occurred on the direct connection.
  • Uu direct connection
  • This set of Uu RLF timers/counters may be maintained independently from timers/counters maintained for the sidelink relay connection 1104 and the Uu RLF timers/counters may not be used for determining that a sidelink relay RLF has occurred.
  • the remote device 1102 may not need to maintain the Uu RLF timers/counters.
  • the remote device 1102 may then determine that a sidelink relay RLF 1110 has occurred for the sidelink relay connection 1104.
  • the remote device 1102 may then perform a cell selection procedure 1112 and attempt to reconnect to the same wireless node 1108.
  • the cell selection procedure 1112 may be performed substantially concurrently as a sidelink relay selection procedure (not shown) .
  • the remote device 1102 may perform a random access procedure (RACH) 1014 using the remote device’s 1102 C-RNTI to synchronize with the wireless node without transmitting a RRC reestablishment request to the wireless node 1108.
  • RACH random access procedure
  • the wireless node 1108 may then respond with an RRC reconfiguration response 1116 to establish the RRC connection via the direct link without attempting to retrieve the UE context from the network or attempt to setup a new UE context.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a relay selection procedure 1200, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a remote device 1202 is initially connected via a sidelink relay connection 1204 through a relay device 1206 to a wireless node 1208.
  • the remote device 1202 may then determine that a sidelink relay RLF 1210 has occurred for the sidelink relay connection 1204.
  • the remote device 1202 may then perform a sidelink relay selection procedure 1212 and select a second relay device 1218 to establish another sidelink relay connection with the first wireless node 1208.
  • the sidelink relay selection procedure 1212 may be performed substantially concurrently with a cell selection procedure (not shown) .
  • multiple relay devices may be available for the sidelink relay selection 1212.
  • the remote device 1202 in such cases, may be configured to select the first relay device 1218 with a measured channel quality above the relay preference threshold. In other cases, the remote device 1202 may be configured to rank the available relay device, such as based on the measured channel quality of the available relay devices, and then select the second relay device 1218 based on the ranking.
  • the remote device 1202 may establish a sidelink relay connection with the second relay device 1218, transmitting an RRC reestablishment request 1214 to the second relay device 1218.
  • the second relay device 1218 may then relay 1220 the RRC reestablishment request to the first wireless node 1208, which may respond with a RRC reestablishment and RRC reconfiguration response message 1222, which the second relay device 1218 relays 1216 to the remoted device 1202.
  • the second relay device 1218 may be the same as the first relay device 1218.
  • the remote device 1202 and second relay device 1218 may establish the sidelink relay connection with the same wireless node as the remote device 1202 was previously connected to.
  • the remote device 1202 and second relay device 1218 may establish the sidelink relay connection with a different wireless node that the remote device 1202 was not previously connected to and this sidelink relay connection may be established in substantially the same way as with a wireless node the remote device 1202 was previously connected to.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart 1300 illustrating a technique for wireless networking by a remote device, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a first wireless device connects to a first wireless node by establishing a first wireless relay connection through a second wireless device.
  • a determination that a radio link failure has occurred may be made based on either block 1306 or block 1308.
  • the RLF determination is made based on a reference signal receive power (RSRP) or reference signal receive quality (RSRQ) measurement of a transmission received from the second wireless device.
  • RSRP reference signal receive power
  • RSRQ reference signal receive quality
  • a relay device may broadcast a sidelink discovery message, the sidelink discovery message including a reference signal and a remote device may perform RSRP/RSRQ measurements of the reference signal and compare these measurements to a threshold, such as a relay preference threshold.
  • a threshold such as a relay preference threshold.
  • the RLF determination is made based on a failure to receive a keep alive message from the second wireless device.
  • the remote device may transmit a PC5-S keep alive message and listen for a response. If a threshold number of responses are missed, a determination that RLF has occurred may be made.
  • determining that the PC5-S keep alive response has been missed may be made by a higher level, while the determination that the RLF has occurred may be made by a lower level, such as at the NAS level.
  • radio link failure procedure may be triggered based on the determination.
  • the relay connection a first wireless connection to the second wireless device for communicating with the second wireless device, and a second wireless connection to the second wireless device for relaying transmissions to the first wireless node.
  • determining the radio link failure has occurred is further based on a determination for the first connection or the second connection that: a maximum number of retransmissions of a message has been sent, or a maximum number of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) information reception opportunities has been reached.
  • the second wireless node is the same as the first wireless node, and in those cases, a RACH procedure may be performed with the second wireless node without transmitting an RRC reestablishment request to the second wireless node.
  • the second wireless node is the different from the first wireless node, and in those cases, a RACH procedure may be performed with the second wireless node and a RRC reestablishment request may be transmitted to the second wireless node.
  • the determination that the RLF failure has occurred may also be made by determining that a RSRP/RSRQ of a second wireless node is above a minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold for cell selection and above a second RSRP/RSRQ threshold, wherein the second RSRP/RSRQ threshold is higher than the minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold.
  • the third wireless connection may be established directly with the second wireless node.
  • the determination that the RLF failure has occurred may also be made by determining the RSRP/RSRQ of the second wireless node is above a minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold for cell selection and below a second RSRP/RSRQ threshold for cell selection, and determining a sidelink RSRP/RSRQ of a third wireless device is above a sidelink minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold for sidelink selection/reselection.
  • the third wireless connection may be established directly with the second wireless node.
  • the second wireless node is the same as the first wireless node, and in those cases, a RACH procedure may be performed with the second wireless node without transmitting an RRC reestablishment request to the second wireless node.
  • the second wireless node is the different from the first wireless node, and in those cases, a RACH procedure may be performed with the second wireless node and an RRC reestablishment request may be transmitted to the second wireless node.
  • the radio link failure procedure includes determining the RSRP/RSRQ of the second wireless node is above a minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold for cell selection and below a second RSRP/RSRQ threshold for cell selection, determining a sidelink RSRP/RSRQ of a third wireless device is above a sidelink minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold for sidelink selection/reselection, and establishing a second wireless relay connection with the third wireless device to establish a wireless connection with the second wireless node.
  • a RACH procedure may be performed with the second wireless node and an RRC reestablishment request may be transmitted to the second wireless node.
  • a sidelink radio link failure timer may be maintained and wherein determining the radio link failure is based on the sidelink radio link failure timer.
  • a sidelink radio link failure timer and a radio link failure timer may be maintained.
  • the remote device may determine that the radio link failure timer has not expired and attempt to establish a connection with the wireless node based on the determination that the radio link failure timer has not expired.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart 1400 illustrating a technique for wireless networking by a wireless node, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a wireless node establishes a first wireless relay connection to a first wireless device through a second wireless device.
  • the wireless node receives a random access procedure (RACH) message directly from the first wireless device.
  • RACH random access procedure
  • the remote device may determine that an RLF has occurred on the sidelink relay connection, performed a cell selection procedure and selected the wireless node, and initiates a RACH procedure with the wireless node by transmitting an initial RACH message to the wireless node.
  • the wireless node transmits directly to the first wireless device, a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the wireless node may receive an RRC reestablishment request indicating that a sidelink radio link failure had occurred and transmit RRC reestablishment response based on the RRC reestablishment request.
  • the wireless node may also transmit to the first wireless device, via the second wireless device, first configuration information for connecting to the wireless node via the second wireless device.
  • the wireless node may also transmit to the first wireless device, via the second wireless device, second configuration information for connecting to the wireless node directly.
  • receiving the RACH message may be based on the second configuration information.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart 1500 illustrating a technique for wireless networking by a relay device, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a second wireless device broadcasts a sidelink discovery message.
  • the second wireless device receives, from a first wireless device, a request to establish a relay connection to a wireless node.
  • the second wireless devices establishes the relay connection between the first wireless device and the wireless node.
  • the relay device may establish the sidelink relay connection with the remote device.
  • the second wireless device receives, from the first wireless device, a radio resource control (RRC) message.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the remote device may transmit an RRC reestablishing request message to connect with the wireless node through the relay device.
  • the second wireless device transmits to the wireless node, the RRC message.
  • the relay device relays the RRC message to the wireless node.
  • the second wireless device receives, from the wireless node, an RRC reconfiguration message.
  • the second wireless device transmits, to the first wireless device, the RRC reconfiguration message.
  • the second wireless device may receive an RRC reestablishment request, from the first wireless device, indicating that a sidelink radio link failure had occurred, transmit the RRC reestablish request to the wireless node, receive RRC reestablishment response from the wireless node, and transmit the RRC reestablishment response to the first wireless device.
  • Example 1 a method for wireless networking, comprising: connecting, by a first wireless device, to a first wireless node by establishing a first wireless relay connection through a second wireless device; determining a radio link failure has occurred based on at least one of: a reference signal receive power (RSRP) or reference signal receive quality (RSRQ) measurement of a transmission received from the second wireless device, or a failure to receive a keep alive message from the second wireless device; and triggering a radio link failure procedure based on the determination.
  • RSRP reference signal receive power
  • RSRQ reference signal receive quality
  • Example 2 comprises the subject matter of example 1, wherein the relay connection includes: a first wireless connection to the second wireless device for communicating with the second wireless device; and a second wireless connection to the second wireless device for relaying transmissions to the first wireless node, wherein determining the radio link failure has occurred is further based on a determination for the first connection or the second connection that: a maximum number of retransmissions of a message has been sent, or a maximum number of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) information reception opportunities has been reached.
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
  • Example 3 comprises the subject matter of example 1, wherein the radio link failure procedure comprises: determining a RSRP/RSRQ of a second wireless node is above a minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold for cell selection and above a second RSRP/RSRQ threshold, wherein the second RSRP/RSRQ threshold is higher than the minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold; and establishing a third wireless connection directly with the second wireless node.
  • Example 4 comprises the subject matter of example 1, wherein the radio link failure procedure comprises: determining the RSRP/RSRQ of the second wireless node is above a minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold for cell selection and below a second RSRP/RSRQ threshold for cell selection; determining a sidelink RSRP/RSRQ of a third wireless device is above a sidelink minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold for sidelink selection; and establishing a third wireless connection directly with the second wireless node.
  • Example 5 comprises the subject matter of any of examples 3-4, further comprising: determining that the second wireless node is the same as the first wireless node; and performing a random access procedure (RACH) with the second wireless node without transmitting a radio resource control (RRC) reestablishment request to the second wireless node.
  • RACH random access procedure
  • RRC radio resource control
  • Example 6 comprises the subject matter of example 1, wherein the radio link failure procedure comprises: determining the RSRP/RSRQ of the second wireless node is above a minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold for cell selection and below a second RSRP/RSRQ threshold for cell selection; determining a sidelink RSRP/RSRQ of a third wireless device is above a sidelink minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold for sidelink selection; and establishing a second wireless relay connection with the third wireless device to establish a wireless connection with the second wireless node.
  • Example 7 comprises the subject matter of any of examples 3-4 or 6, further comprising: performing a random access procedure (RACH) with the second wireless node; and transmitting a radio resource control (RRC) reestablishment request to the second wireless node.
  • RACH random access procedure
  • RRC radio resource control
  • Example 8 comprises the subject matter of example 1, further comprising maintaining a sidelink radio link failure timer and wherein determining the radio link failure is based on the sidelink radio link failure timer.
  • Example 9 comprises the subject matter of example 8, further comprising: maintaining a sidelink radio link failure timer and a radio link failure timer; determining that the radio link failure timer has not expired; and attempting to establish a connection with the wireless node based on the determination that the radio link failure timer has not expired.
  • a method for wireless networking comprising: establishing, by a wireless node, a first wireless relay connection to a first wireless device through a second wireless device; receiving, by the wireless node, a random access procedure (RACH) message directly from the first wireless device; and transmitting, by the wireless node and directly to the first wireless device, a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message.
  • RACH random access procedure
  • RRC radio resource control
  • Example 11 comprises the subject matter of example 10, further comprising: receiving an RRC reestablishment request indicating that a sidelink radio link failure had occurred; and transmitting RRC reestablishment response based on the request.
  • Example 12 comprises the subject matter of example 10, further comprising: transmitting to the first wireless device, via the second wireless device, first configuration information for connecting to the wireless node via the second wireless device; transmitting to the first wireless device, via the second wireless device, second configuration information for connecting to the wireless node directly.
  • Example 13 comprises the subject matter of example 12, wherein the receiving the RACH message is based on the second configuration information.
  • a method for wireless networking comprising: broadcasting, by a second wireless device, a sidelink discovery message; receiving, from a first wireless device, a request to establish a relay connection to a wireless node; establishing, by the second wireless device, the relay connection between the first wireless device and the wireless node; receiving, from the first wireless device, a radio resource control (RRC) message; and transmitting, by the second wireless device to the wireless node, the RRC message; receiving, from the wireless node, a RRC reconfiguration message; and transmitting, by the second wireless device to the first wireless device, the RRC reconfiguration message.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • a first wireless device comprising: a radio; and a processor operably coupled to the radio, wherein the processor is configured to: connect, by a first wireless device, to a first wireless node by establishing a first wireless relay connection through a second wireless device; determine a radio link failure has occurred based on at least one of: a reference signal receive power (RSRP) or reference signal receive quality (RSRQ) measurement of a transmission received from the second wireless device, or a failure to receive a keep alive message from the second wireless device; and trigger a radio link failure procedure based on the determination.
  • RSRP reference signal receive power
  • RSRQ reference signal receive quality
  • Example 16 comprises the subject matter of example 15, wherein the relay connection includes: a first wireless connection to the second wireless device for communicating with the second wireless device; and a second wireless connection to the second wireless device for relaying transmissions to the first wireless node; and wherein the processor is configured to determine the radio link failure has occurred is further based on a determination for the first connection or the second connection that: a maximum number of retransmissions of a message has been sent, or a maximum number of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) information reception opportunities has been reached.
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
  • Example 17 comprises the subject matter of example 15, wherein the processor is configured to perform a radio link failure procedure by: determining a RSRP/RSRQ of a second wireless node is above a minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold for cell selection and above a second RSRP/RSRQ threshold, wherein the second RSRP/RSRQ threshold is higher than the minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold; and establishing a third wireless connection directly with the second wireless node.
  • Example 18 comprises the subject matter of example 15, wherein the processor is configured to perform a radio link failure procedure by: determining a RSRP/RSRQ of a second wireless node is above a minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold for cell selection and above a second RSRP/RSRQ threshold, wherein the second RSRP/RSRQ threshold is higher than the minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold; and establishing a third wireless connection directly with the second wireless node.
  • Example 19 comprises the subject matter of example 15, wherein the processor is configured to perform a radio link failure procedure by: determining the RSRP/RSRQ of the second wireless node is above a minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold for cell selection and below a second RSRP/RSRQ threshold for cell selection; determining a sidelink RSRP/RSRQ of a third wireless device is above a sidelink minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold for sidelink selection; and establishing a third wireless connection directly with the second wireless node.
  • Example 20 comprises the subject matter of any of examples 18-19, wherein the processor is further configured to: determine that the second wireless node is the same as the first wireless node; and perform a random access procedure (RACH) with the second wireless node without transmitting a radio resource control (RRC) reestablishment request to the second wireless node.
  • RACH random access procedure
  • RRC radio resource control
  • Example 21 comprises the subject matter of example 15, wherein the processor is configured to perform a radio link failure procedure by: determining the RSRP/RSRQ of the second wireless node is above a minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold for cell selection and below a second RSRP/RSRQ threshold for cell selection; determining a sidelink RSRP/RSRQ of a third wireless device is above a sidelink minimum RSRP/RSRQ threshold for sidelink selection; and establishing a second wireless relay connection with the third wireless device to establish a wireless connection with the second wireless node.
  • Example 22 comprises the subject matter of any of examples 18-19 and 21, wherein the processor is further configured to: perform a random access procedure (RACH) with the second wireless node; and transmit a radio resource control (RRC) reestablishment request to the second wireless node.
  • RACH random access procedure
  • RRC radio resource control
  • Example 23 comprises the subject matter of example 15, wherein the processor is further configured to comprising maintain a sidelink radio link failure timer and wherein determining the radio link failure is based on the sidelink radio link failure timer.
  • Example 24 comprises the subject matter of example 23, wherein the processor is further configured to: maintain a sidelink radio link failure timer and a radio link failure timer; determine that the radio link failure timer has not expired; and attempt to establish a connection with the wireless node based on the determination that the radio link failure timer has not expired.
  • a wireless node comprising: a radio;
  • a processor operably coupled to the radio, wherein the processor is configured to: establish, by the wireless node, a first wireless relay connection to a first wireless device through a second wireless device; receive, by the wireless node, a random access procedure (RACH) message directly from the first wireless device; and transmit, by the wireless node and directly to the first wireless device, a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message.
  • RACH random access procedure
  • RRC radio resource control
  • Example 26 comprises the subject matter of example 25, wherein the processor is further configured to: receive an RRC reestablishment request indicating that a sidelink radio link failure had occurred; and transmit RRC reestablishment response based on the request.
  • Example 27 comprises the subject matter of example 25, wherein the processor is further configured to: transmit to the first wireless device, via the second wireless device, first configuration information for connecting to the wireless node via the second wireless device; transmit to the first wireless device, via the second wireless device, second configuration information for connecting to the wireless node directly.
  • Example 28 comprises the subject matter of example 25, wherein the RACH message is received is based on the second configuration information.
  • a second wireless device comprising: a radio; and a processor operably coupled to the radio, wherein the processor is configured to: broadcast, by the second wireless device, a sidelink discovery message; receive, from a first wireless device, a request to establish a relay connection to a wireless node; establish, by the second wireless device, the relay connection between the first wireless device and the wireless node; receive, from the first wireless device, a radio resource control (RRC) message; and transmit, by the second wireless device to the wireless node, the RRC message; receive, from the wireless node, a RRC reconfiguration message; and transmit, by the second wireless device to the first wireless device, the RRC reconfiguration message.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • Example 30 a method that includes any action or combination of actions as substantially described herein in the Detailed Description.
  • Example 31 a method as substantially described herein with reference to each or any combination of the Figures included herein or with reference to each or any combination of paragraphs in the Detailed Description.
  • Example 32 a wireless device configured to perform any action or combination of actions as substantially described herein in the Detailed Description as included in the wireless device.
  • Example 33 a wireless station configured to perform any action or combination of actions as substantially described herein in the Detailed Description as included in the wireless station.
  • Example 34 a non-volatile computer-readable medium that stores instructions that, when executed, cause the performance of any action or combination of actions as substantially described herein in the Detailed Description.
  • Example 35 an integrated circuit configured to perform any action or combination of actions as substantially described herein in the Detailed Description.
  • Example 36 a method that includes any action or combination of actions as substantially described herein in the Detailed Description.
  • Example 37 a method as substantially described herein with reference to each or any combination of the Figures included herein or with reference to each or any combination of paragraphs in the Detailed Description.
  • Example 38 a wireless device configured to perform any action or combination of actions as substantially described herein in the Detailed Description as included in the wireless device.
  • Example 39 a wireless station configured to perform any action or combination of actions as substantially described herein in the Detailed Description as included in the wireless station.
  • Example 40 a non-volatile computer-readable medium that stores instructions that, when executed, cause the performance of any action or combination of actions as substantially described herein in the Detailed Description.
  • Example 41 an integrated circuit configured to perform any action or combination of actions as substantially described herein in the Detailed Description.
  • Yet another exemplary aspect may include a method, comprising, by a device, performing any or all parts of the preceding Examples.
  • a yet further exemplary aspect may include a non-transitory computer-accessible memory medium comprising program instructions, which, when executed at a device, cause the device to implement any or all parts of any of the preceding Examples.
  • a still further exemplary aspect may include a computer program comprising instructions for performing any or all parts of any of the preceding Examples.
  • Yet another exemplary aspect may include an apparatus comprising means for performing any or all of the elements of any of the preceding Examples.
  • Still another exemplary aspect may include an apparatus comprising a processor configured to cause a device to perform any or all of the elements of any of the preceding Examples.
  • personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users.
  • personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.
  • aspects of the present disclosure may be realized in any of various forms. For example, some aspects may be realized as a computer-implemented method, a computer-readable memory medium, or a computer system. Other aspects may be realized using one or more custom-designed hardware devices such as ASICs. Still other aspects may be realized using one or more programmable hardware elements such as FPGAs.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium may be configured so that it stores program instructions and/or data, where the program instructions, if executed by a computer system, cause the computer system to perform a method, e.g., any of a method aspects described herein, or, any combination of the method aspects described herein, or, any subset of any of the method aspects described herein, or, any combination of such subsets.
  • a device e.g., a UE 106, a BS 102, a network element 600
  • a device may be configured to include a processor (or a set of processors) and a memory medium, where the memory medium stores program instructions, where the processor is configured to read and execute the program instructions from the memory medium, where the program instructions are executable to implement any of the various method aspects described herein (or, any combination of the method aspects described herein, or, any subset of any of the method aspects described herein, or, any combination of such subsets) .
  • the device may be realized in any of various forms.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une technique de mise en réseau sans fil par un dispositif sans fil, la technique comprenant la connexion, par un premier dispositif sans fil, à un premier nœud sans fil par établissement d'une première connexion à relais sans fil par l'intermédiaire d'un second dispositif sans fil, la détermination de la survenue d'une défaillance de liaison radio sur la base : soit d'une mesure de puissance de réception de signal de référence (RSRP) ou de qualité de réception de signal de référence (RSRQ) d'une transmission reçue en provenance du second dispositif sans fil, soit d'un échec de réception d'un message d'entretien en provenance du second dispositif sans fil, et le déclenchement d'une procédure de défaillance de liaison radio sur la base de la détermination.
PCT/CN2021/084418 2021-03-31 2021-03-31 Traitement de défaillance de liaison radio dans un relais de liaison latérale WO2022205070A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

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PCT/CN2021/084418 WO2022205070A1 (fr) 2021-03-31 2021-03-31 Traitement de défaillance de liaison radio dans un relais de liaison latérale
EP21933746.6A EP4316187A1 (fr) 2021-03-31 2021-03-31 Traitement de défaillance de liaison radio dans un relais de liaison latérale
CN202180096160.9A CN117063602A (zh) 2021-03-31 2021-03-31 侧链路中继中的无线电链路失败处理
BR112023019357A BR112023019357A2 (pt) 2021-03-31 2021-03-31 Tratamento de falha de enlace de rádio em retransmissão de enlace lateral

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PCT/CN2021/084418 WO2022205070A1 (fr) 2021-03-31 2021-03-31 Traitement de défaillance de liaison radio dans un relais de liaison latérale

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EP4316187A1 (fr) 2024-02-07
BR112023019357A2 (pt) 2023-12-26

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