WO2022204884A1 - Appareil électrochimique et appareil électrique auquel il est appliqué - Google Patents

Appareil électrochimique et appareil électrique auquel il est appliqué Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022204884A1
WO2022204884A1 PCT/CN2021/083634 CN2021083634W WO2022204884A1 WO 2022204884 A1 WO2022204884 A1 WO 2022204884A1 CN 2021083634 W CN2021083634 W CN 2021083634W WO 2022204884 A1 WO2022204884 A1 WO 2022204884A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrochemical device
thermal insulation
heat insulating
battery
insulating layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/083634
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
南海洋
李娅洁
Original Assignee
东莞新能安科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 东莞新能安科技有限公司 filed Critical 东莞新能安科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/083634 priority Critical patent/WO2022204884A1/fr
Priority to CN202180096485.7A priority patent/CN117099247A/zh
Publication of WO2022204884A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022204884A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular, to an electrochemical device and an electrical device using the same.
  • thermal runaway In scenarios such as production, transportation, storage, and use of electrochemical devices, there is a risk of thermal runaway due to physical shock, heat, electricity, and other factors.
  • This kind of thermal runaway is generally the first thermal runaway of a cell in the battery pack, and then the flame and heat are conducted to the surrounding cells, which in turn causes continuous thermal runaway of the surrounding cells, resulting in casualties and property losses.
  • the three main solutions and defects for thermal runaway are: (1) Improve the stability of the cell chemical system, but the high stability electrochemical system only improves the thermal stability of the cell to a certain extent. However, it cannot effectively prevent the spread of thermal runaway, and will lead to a decrease in energy density and kinetic performance; (2) A fire extinguishing device is installed in the battery pack.
  • the battery management system (BMS) is used to detect the temperature in the battery pack and monitor and warn, but when The battery management system fails, or the battery pack cannot be protected by the battery management system in the face of thermal runaway of the cells induced by external mechanical abuse.
  • the present application provides an electrochemical device with obvious thermal insulation effect and less influence on the energy density loss of the cell.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electrochemical device, including: a battery cell, where the battery core includes a body and a tab.
  • the body includes a top portion, a bottom portion, and a plurality of side portions, wherein the top portion is an end provided with the tab.
  • the bottom is an end opposite to the top, and the side is disposed between the top and the bottom.
  • the heat insulating layer is arranged on the surface of the battery core and at least arranged on the top and the side.
  • the thermal insulation layer includes thermal insulation material, and the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material is less than or equal to 0.2W/mK.
  • the top portion and the side portion connected to the top portion are the parts where the flame or heat flow is easier to break through when thermal runaway occurs inside the cell, that is, the cell where thermal runaway occurs.
  • the heat generated is easily transferred from the top and the side to the adjacent cells; the heat insulating layer is arranged at least on the top and the side, and the heat insulating layer is arranged in the heat insulating layer.
  • the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating material is less than or equal to 0.2W/mK, so that the heat insulating layer can effectively slow down or isolate the spread of heat flow when the battery core is thermally out of control, thereby improving the safety of the electrochemical device.
  • the thermal conductivity of conventional solid plastic parts is usually greater than 0.2W/mK, and the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material in this application must be smaller than that of conventional solid plastic parts to achieve better thermal insulation effect.
  • the number of the battery cells is multiple, and along the first direction, a plurality of the battery cells are stacked and arranged.
  • a plurality of battery cells are arranged in a stack, and the side portions between two adjacent battery cells are stacked on each other, and the heat insulating layer is arranged on the side portions, so that the adjacent side portions are stacked.
  • the two cells are protected by the thermal insulation layer to slow down or insulate the spread of thermal runaway.
  • At least one of the battery cores is provided with the heat insulation layer on the side, and the heat insulation layer is located on the two adjacent battery cells. between the cells.
  • the heat insulating layer is provided on one of the two side portions between the two adjacent battery cells, so as to satisfy the heat insulating performance of the electrochemical device.
  • the use of the thermal insulation layer is reduced to reduce costs and increase the energy density of the electrochemical device.
  • the heat insulating layer is further provided on the bottom of the body.
  • the heat insulating layer in addition to covering the side and the top, also covers the bottom, so as to prevent the open flame or heat flow generated when the thermal runaway of the cell occurs from spreading from the bottom to the bottom. adjacent to the cell.
  • the top part further includes a sealing part, the sealing part is extended to the outside of the body, the sealing part is used for improving the sealing performance of the electrochemical device, and the heat insulation layer also provided in the sealing portion.
  • the heat insulating layer covers the sealing part in addition to the side part, the top part and the bottom part, so as to prevent the open flame or heat flow generated when the battery cell is thermally out of control. It spreads from the side of the sealing portion to adjacent to the cell.
  • one end of the tab is embedded in the sealing portion to be electrically connected to the battery core, and the heat insulating layer is further provided at the connection between the tab and the sealing portion place.
  • the heat insulation layer in addition to covering the side part, the top part, the bottom part and the sealing part, the heat insulation layer also covers the connection between the sealing part and the tab, which can prevent the The open flame or heat flow generated when the thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell spreads from the side of the sealing portion to adjacent to the battery core.
  • the thickness of the heat insulating material layer is less than or equal to 20% of the thickness of the battery core.
  • the heat insulating material includes at least one of glass fiber aerogel, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate composite fiber or aramid fiber.
  • the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating material layer is less than or equal to 0.07W/mK.
  • the present application also provides an electrical device comprising the aforementioned electrochemical device and a load, and the electrochemical device is used to supply power to the load.
  • the top part and the side part connected to the top part are the parts where the flame or heat flow is easier to break through when thermal runaway occurs inside the cell, that is, the occurrence of The heat generated by the thermally runaway cells is easily transferred from the top and the side to the adjacent cells; the heat insulating layer is arranged at least on the top and the side, And the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material in the thermal insulation layer is less than or equal to 0.2W/mK, so that the thermal insulation layer can effectively slow down or isolate the spread of heat flow when the battery core is thermally out of control, and improve the electrical conductivity. Safety of chemical installations.
  • the thermal conductivity of conventional solid plastic parts is usually greater than 0.2W/mK, and the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material in this application must be smaller than that of conventional solid plastic parts to achieve better thermal insulation effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrochemical device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial schematic plan view of an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial schematic plan view of another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial schematic plan view of another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial schematic plan view of another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an electrical device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrochemical device 10 , which includes a cell 11 and a heat insulation layer 12 .
  • the number of the cells 11 is at least two, the at least two cells 11 are stacked along the first direction X, and the heat insulating layer 12 is provided on the surface of the cells 11 .
  • the battery cell 11 includes a main body 111 and a tab 13 .
  • the body 111 includes a top portion 113 , a bottom portion 115 and a plurality of side portions 114 .
  • the top 113 is the end where the tabs 13 are arranged.
  • the bottom portion 115 is the end opposite to the top portion 113 , and the side portion 114 is disposed between the top portion 113 and the bottom portion 115 .
  • the heat insulating layer 12 is disposed on the surface of the battery core 11 and at least disposed on the top portion 113 and the side portion 114 .
  • the thermal insulation layer 12 includes thermal insulation material, and the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material is less than or equal to 0.2 W/mK.
  • the thermal conductivity of conventional solid plastic parts is usually greater than 0.2W/mK, and the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material in this application must be smaller than that of conventional solid plastic parts to achieve better thermal insulation effect.
  • the top part 113 and the side part 114 connected to the top part 113 are the parts where the flame or heat flow is easier to break through when thermal runaway occurs inside the battery cell 11 , that is, the heat generated by the battery cell 11 in which thermal runaway occurs is easier to generate It is transmitted from the top 113 and the side 114 to the adjacent cells 11;
  • the thermal insulation layer 12 is arranged at least on the top 113 and the side 114, and the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material in the thermal insulation layer 12 is less than or equal to 0.2W/ mK, so that the thermal insulation layer 12 can effectively slow down or isolate the spread of heat flow when the battery core 11 is thermally out of control, thereby improving the safety of the electrochemical device 10 .
  • the battery cell 11 may be a lithium battery, and the body 111 may include a packaging bag or a packaging case for the battery cell 11 .
  • the interior of the body 111 in the battery cell 11 may include a hollow accommodating structure for accommodating the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator, the electrolyte, and the like of the electrochemical device 10 .
  • the number of the battery cells 11 is plural, and along the first direction X, the plurality of battery cells 11 are stacked.
  • a plurality of battery cells 11 are stacked, and the side portions 114 between two adjacent battery cells 11 are stacked on each other, and the orthographic projections of the side portions 114 of any two adjacent battery cells 11 are At least partially overlapping, and at the same time, a heat insulating layer 12 is provided on the side portion 114, so that the two adjacent cells 11 are protected by the heat insulating layer 12, so as to slow down or isolate the spread of thermal runaway.
  • the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating material is less than or equal to 0.2 W/mK.
  • the heat insulating material layer 12 includes at least one of glass fiber aerogel, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate composite fiber or aramid fiber.
  • the thermal insulation layer 12 has good thermal insulation performance, and the thermal insulation layer 12 will not shrink, melt, burn, etc. when the battery cell 11 is thermally out of control (eg, burns), and can maintain a good thermal insulation when the thermal runaway of the cell 11 occurs.
  • the physical form also slows down or isolates the conduction of open flame or hot air flow inside the electrochemical device 10, and further slows down or isolates the spread of thermal runaway.
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material layer 12 can be less than or equal to 0.1W/mK, and further, the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material layer 12 can be less than or equal to 0.07W/mK, which can also make the electrochemical device 10 have better thermal conductivity.
  • the high thermal insulation performance can effectively slow down or block the thermal runaway spread inside the electrochemical device 10 .
  • the heat insulating layer 12 disposed between the adjacent cells 11 further includes an elastic material, so that the heat insulating layer 12 has a buffering function.
  • the thermal insulation layer 12 can absorb the physical impact from the outside of the electrochemical device 10 through its own deformation, or provide a buffer space for the expansion of the battery cell 11 during the electrochemical cycle.
  • the thickness of the heat insulating layer 12 is less than or equal to 20% of the thickness of the cell 11 .
  • the volume expansion ratio of the battery cell 11 during the electrochemical cycle is about 10%
  • the comprehensive volume compression ratio of the thermal insulation layer 12 is greater than 50%
  • the thickness of the thermal insulation layer 12 is less than or equal to 20% of the thickness of the battery cell 11 In the case of , sufficient buffer space can be ensured between the cells 11 .
  • each cell 11 includes two side portions 114 , and the two side portions 114 are disposed on opposite sides of the cell 11 .
  • at least one side portion 114 of the battery cell 11 is provided with a heat insulation layer 12 , and the heat insulation layer 12 is located between the two adjacent battery cells 11 .
  • the plurality of cells 11 are stacked along the first direction X, and at least part of the orthographic projections of the side portions 114 of any two adjacent cells 11 overlap, that is, two adjacent cells 11 are stacked.
  • the surface is the side portion 114, and the thermal insulation layer 12 can be provided on one side portion 114 between the two adjacent cells 11 to achieve thermal insulation protection for the contact surface of the two cells 11, so as to slow down or isolate the Thermal runaway spread.
  • the heat insulating layer 12 is provided on one of the two side portions 114 between the two adjacent cells 11 , and the heat insulating layer can be reduced while satisfying the heat insulating performance of the electrochemical device 10 . 12 to reduce cost and increase the energy density of the electrochemical device 10 .
  • each cell 11 includes two side portions 114 , the two side portions 114 are disposed on opposite sides of the cell 11 , and the two side portions 114 are connected to the top portion 113 .
  • the heat insulating layer 12 is provided on the two side portions 114 and the top portion 113 .
  • the side portion 114 and the top portion 113 of one battery cell 11 are provided with the heat insulating layer 12 , that is, the top portion 113 and the side portion 114 of the battery cell 11 that are more likely to be broken by the open flame or heat flow generated by thermal runaway are both provided with the heat insulating layer 12 . It is covered by the thermal insulation layer 12 to improve the safety of the electrochemical device 10 .
  • the cell 11 further includes a bottom portion 115 .
  • the bottom portion 115 and the top portion 113 are disposed at opposite ends of the cell 11 , and the two side portions 114 are respectively connected to the top portion 113 and the bottom portion 115 .
  • the thermal layer 12 is disposed on the top 113 , the bottom 115 and the two side portions 114 .
  • the heat insulating layer 12 covers the side portion 114 and the top portion 113 , and also covers the bottom portion 115 , which can prevent the open flame or heat flow generated when the cell 11 thermally runaway from spreading from the bottom side to the adjacent cell 11 .
  • the top 113 further includes a sealing portion 112 , and the sealing portion 112 extends to the outside of the body 111 .
  • the part 112 is used to improve the sealing performance of the electrochemical device 10
  • the heat insulating layer 12 is also provided on the sealing part 112 .
  • the sealing portion 112 is relatively easy to be broken due to the existence of the sealing area of the sealing shell or the packaging bag.
  • the heat insulating layer 12 not only covers the side portion 114 , the top portion 113 and the bottom portion 115 , but also covers the sealing portion 112 . , which can prevent the open flame or heat flow generated when the battery cell 11 is thermally out of control from spreading from the sealing portion 112 side to the adjacent battery cell 11 .
  • the electrochemical device 10 further includes a tab 13 , one end of the tab 13 is embedded in the sealing portion 112 to be electrically connected to the battery core 11 , and the heat insulating layer 12 is further disposed between the tab 13 and the sealing portion 112 .
  • the connection point is used to prevent open flame or heat flow from spreading outward from the connection point, but the heat insulating layer 12 does not cover the surface of the tab 13 to avoid adverse effects on the series and parallel connection of the cells 11 .
  • FIG. 6 it is a schematic diagram of an electrical device 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the present application also provides an electrical device 1 .
  • the electrical device 1 includes an electrochemical device 10 and a load 101 , and the electrochemical device 10 is used to supply power to the load 101 .
  • the electrical device 1 of the present application is not particularly limited, and it can be used in any electrical device known in the prior art.
  • the powered device 1 may include, but is not limited to, notebook computers, pen input computers, mobile computers, e-book players, portable communication devices, portable copiers, portable printers, backup power supplies, motors, automobiles, Motorcycles, electric bicycles, lighting fixtures, toys, power tools, large-scale household batteries and lithium-ion capacitors, etc.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil électrochimique et appareil électrique appliquant l'appareil électrochimique. L'appareil électrochimique comprend : des cellules de batterie, comprenant chacune un corps et une languette, le corps présentant une partie supérieure et une partie inférieure ainsi qu'une pluralité de parties latérales, la partie supérieure étant une extrémité où est placée la languette, le fond étant une extrémité opposée à la partie supérieure et les parties latérales étant placées entre la partie supérieure et la partie inférieure; et des couches d'isolation thermique, placées chacune sur une surface de la cellule de batterie, et au moins placées chacune sur la partie supérieure et les parties latérales, chacune des couches d'isolation thermique contenant un matériau d'isolation thermique dont le coefficient de conductivité thermique est inférieur ou égal à 0,2 W/mK. La chaleur produite par une cellule de batterie dans laquelle un emballement thermique se produit est facile à transférer de la partie supérieure et des parties latérales de la cellule de batterie à une cellule de batterie adjacente, et ainsi, en permettant à une couche d'isolation thermique d'être au moins placée sur la partie supérieure et les parties latérales et en permettant au coefficient de conductivité thermique d'un matériau d'isolation thermique dans la couche d'isolation thermique d'être inférieur ou égal à 0,2 W/mK, la propagation des flux de chaleur peut être efficacement ralentie ou bloquée par la couche d'isolation thermique lorsque l'emballement thermique se produit dans la cellule de batterie, d'où une amélioration de la sécurité d'un appareil électrochimique.
PCT/CN2021/083634 2021-03-29 2021-03-29 Appareil électrochimique et appareil électrique auquel il est appliqué WO2022204884A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2021/083634 WO2022204884A1 (fr) 2021-03-29 2021-03-29 Appareil électrochimique et appareil électrique auquel il est appliqué
CN202180096485.7A CN117099247A (zh) 2021-03-29 2021-03-29 一种电化学装置以及应用其的用电装置

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2021/083634 WO2022204884A1 (fr) 2021-03-29 2021-03-29 Appareil électrochimique et appareil électrique auquel il est appliqué

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WO2022204884A1 true WO2022204884A1 (fr) 2022-10-06

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0880190B1 (fr) * 1997-05-22 2004-11-03 VARTA Automotive Systems GmbH Accumulateur multicellulaire
CN103490025A (zh) * 2008-05-08 2014-01-01 太阳诱电株式会社 电化学器件及其安装结构
WO2014095193A1 (fr) * 2012-12-18 2014-06-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Accumulateur d'énergie comprenant un élément isolant
US20140193685A1 (en) * 2013-01-04 2014-07-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Battery module
CN205004375U (zh) * 2015-08-13 2016-01-27 上海航天电源技术有限责任公司 一种内部热隔离设计的锂离子电池

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0880190B1 (fr) * 1997-05-22 2004-11-03 VARTA Automotive Systems GmbH Accumulateur multicellulaire
CN103490025A (zh) * 2008-05-08 2014-01-01 太阳诱电株式会社 电化学器件及其安装结构
WO2014095193A1 (fr) * 2012-12-18 2014-06-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Accumulateur d'énergie comprenant un élément isolant
US20140193685A1 (en) * 2013-01-04 2014-07-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Battery module
CN205004375U (zh) * 2015-08-13 2016-01-27 上海航天电源技术有限责任公司 一种内部热隔离设计的锂离子电池

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Publication number Publication date
CN117099247A (zh) 2023-11-21

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