WO2022200228A1

WO2022200228A1 - A training manikin

Info

Publication number: WO2022200228A1
Application number: PCT/EP2022/057217
Authority: WO
Inventors: Fabian SACHS; Neil Robert MCGUINESS
Original assignee: Ambu A/S
Priority date: 2021-03-25
Filing date: 2022-03-18
Publication date: 2022-09-29
Also published as: EP4315302A1

Abstract

Method and system for providing performance of a trainee during practice of CPR. The method comprising: providing a training manikin comprising a chest portion being deflectable along a deflection direction and towards a back portion between a non-deflected chest position and a maximum-deflected chest position, the training manikin further comprising one or more sensors for measuring one or more parameters indicative of the performance of a trainee during use of the training manikin in a training session, wherein at least part of the one or more parameters are indicative of deflection of the chest portion, such as the compression depth and/or the compression rate; starting a training session; and during the training session: measuring the one or more parameters with the one or more sensors during the training session; providing a compression signal based on the one or more parameters, wherein the compression signal is at least indicative of deflection of the chest portion; calculating a compression score based on the compression signal; and displaying on a display of a first client device an animated user interface.

Description

A TRAINING MANIKIN

The present disclosure relates to a training manikin for practicing cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), more specifically to a method and system allowing registration of parameters from the manikin to a client device, such as training parameters, e.g. related to ventilations and/or compressions as well as visualisation of a trainee's performance in a training session.

BACKGROUND

Training manikins having sensors to measure CPR performance, such as ventilation volume and compression depth and frequency are presently known. However, it is desired to provide alternative and/or improved solutions for registering and/or visualizing the performance of a trainee using a training manikin.

Some methods and products for providing feedback of performance of a trainee practicing CPR on a training manikin exists in the prior art:

US 4,932,879 discloses a manikin and control system for use by a student practicing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Sensors are provided in the manikin to accurately detect the instantaneous amount of lung expansion and chest compression. The microcomputer then uses lamps on a panel and a speech synthesizer having pre-recorded human speech stored to issue instructions and advice to the student.

US 2010/291522 discloses a medical training device with an electro-mechanical indicator device to show real time feedback of the CPR compression rate being administered by a student on the training manikin of the present application. The feedback by the device may be provided preferably by visual indicators, but may also have, or alternatively have, audio indicators or signals, such as words or sounds, to indicate whether or not the student is compressing within the preferred rate range, and/or the degree of variance in the student's compression sequences.

EP 3 370 220 discloses a system for the formative testing of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills. A computer program product comprises instructions to perform a formative test comprising a first phase for repeatedly receiving sensor data from the manikin and a second subsequent phase for presenting on a screen performance data, a color-coded competence level, and an assessment to improve the performance data. While the known prior art suggests solutions to indicate to the trainee how the CPR performed compares to specifics of the guidelines or to other trainees. It is desirous to come up with solutions for making feedback, which is more relevant and easier to understand for the average person.

SUMMARY

It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a solution, which at least improve the solutions of the prior art and/or provide alternatives to the prior art.

Thus, the present disclosure relates to a CPR training system comprising a training manikin for practicing CPR, and to a method for registering performance of a trainee during practice of CPR.

A method for providing performance of a trainee during practice of CPR is disclosed. The method comprising: Providing a training manikin comprising a chest portion being deflectable along a deflection direction and towards a back portion between a non-deflected chest position and a maximum-deflected chest position, the training manikin further comprising one or more sensors for measuring one or more parameters indicative of the performance of a trainee during use of the training manikin in a training session, wherein at least part of the one or more parameters are indicative of deflection of the chest portion, such as compression depth and/or compression rate.

The method further comprising starting a training session, and during the training session: measuring the one or more parameters with the one or more sensors; providing a compression signal based on the one or more parameters, wherein the compression signal is at least indicative of deflection of the chest portion; calculating a compression score on the performance of the compression based on the compression signal; displaying on a display of a first client device an animated user interface, and displaying in the animated user interface a first animated performance element, wherein an appearance of the first animated performance element is continuously adjusted based on the compression score.

The disclosed method may be realised in a CPR training system comprising a training manikin and a first client device. The CPR training system may further comprise additional client devices.

The training manikin comprises a chest portion being deflectable along a deflection direction and towards a back portion between a non-deflected chest position and a maximum-deflected chest position, the training manikin further comprising one or more sensors for measuring one or more parameters indicative of the performance of a trainee during use of the training manikin in a training session, wherein at least part of the one or more parameters are indicative of deflection of the chest portion.

The first client device comprises a display, e.g. a touch sensitive display, and being communicatively coupled with the training manikin. The first client device may be a smartphone, a tablet or similar. In some examples, the first client device is communicatively coupled with the training manikin via a wireless connection, e.g. using Bluetooth or WiFi.

During a training session the training manikin is adapted to measure the one or more parameters with the one or more sensors; and provide a compression signal based on the one or more parameters, wherein the compression signal is at least indicative of deflection of the chest portion.

During the training session, the first client device is adapted to: receive the compression signal from the training manikin; calculate a compression score on the performance of the compression based on the compression signal; display on the display of the first client device an animated user interface, and display in the animated user interface a first animated performance element, wherein an appearance of the first animated performance element is continuously adjusted based on the compression score.

The present disclosure provides an advantageous feedback method to a trainee, providing visual feedback of the trainee's performance. The disclosed method further provides feedback in a way, which may aid the trainee to improve his/her performance. Furthermore, in contrast to known solutions essentially disclosing a training manikin merely indicating (visually and/or audible) whether or not a certain guideline has been fulfilled, the disclosed method may visualise a derived effect, e.g. a physiological effect, of the CPR performed. Thereby, giving the trainee a better feel for the effect of the performed CPR, which otherwise might be quite abstract and difficult to understand for the average person.

It is a further advantage of the present disclosure that feedback may be provided using a tablet or smart phone, which has the advantage that feedback means, such as LEDs or speakers may be omitted at the training manikin, thereby providing for a less expensive training manikin.

It is emphasised that any feature as described in connection with any one aspect or embodiment equally applies to any other aspect or embodiment. Particularly, in the present disclosure any features, example, elaboration, advantage, or similar described with respect to the disclosed method applies, mutatis mutandis, to the disclosed CPR training system, and vice versa. The training manikin may further comprise a mouth and/or nostrils and a lung portion comprising a lung bag and one or more airway components fluidly connecting the lung bag with the mouth and/or the nostrils. At least part of the one or more parameters may be indicative of ventilation of the lung portion.

During the training session a ventilation signal may be provided. For example, the training manikin may be adapted to provide the ventilation signal. The ventilation signal may be based on the one or more parameters. The ventilation signal may at least be indicative of ventilation of the lung portion, such as the ventilation volume, e.g. per ventilation, and/or the ventilation rate. The first client device may be adapted to receive the ventilation signal from the training manikin.

During the training session a ventilation score on the performance of the ventilation may be calculated, e.g. by the first client device. The ventilation score may be based on the ventilation signal.

Calculating the compression score may include calculating a sum of a compression frequency score, a compression depth score, a compression position score, and/or a leaning score.

Calculating the compression score may include: calculating a compression frequency score based on deviation from a predetermined compression frequency target; calculating a compression depth score based on deviation from a predetermined compression depth target; calculating a leaning score based on whether leaning is present; and/or calculating a compression position score based on deviation from a predetermined compression position target.

Calculating the compression score may include calculating a sum at least including the compression depth score, and one or more other scores, e.g. including the compression frequency score, the leaning score and/or the compression position score. The compression depth score may be weighted higher than each of the one or more other scores in the calculated sum.

Calculating the compression score may include, in accordance with the compression signal being indicative of the chest portion of the training manikin not being deflected, gradually decreasing the compression score. For example, the compression score may be decreased by a decay factor. The decay factor may be between 0.95-0.7. For example, compression score may be decreased by the decay factor at certain intervals, which may be for instance, between 0.1-1 seconds, such as 0.5 seconds. The gradual decreasing of the compression score and/or the selected decay factor may signal to the trainee what happens with the blood circulation and oxygen saturation in the body when compressions are stopped.

Calculating the ventilation score may include calculating a sum of a ventilation volume score and/or a ventilation rate score.

Calculating the ventilation score may include calculating a ventilation volume score based on deviation from a predetermined ventilation volume target; and/or calculating a ventilation rate score based on deviation from a predetermined ventilation rate target.

Calculating the ventilation score may include calculating a sum at least including the ventilation volume score and the ventilation rate score. The ventilation volume score may be weighted higher than the ventilation rate score or vice versa.

A first animated performance element is displaying in the animated user interface. The first animated performance element may comprise a graphical representation of a heart, one or more blood vessels and/or a brain. An appearance of the first animated performance element is continuously adjusted based on the compression score. The appearance of the first animated performance element may be continuously adjusted based on a combination of the compression score and the ventilation score. Alternatively or additionally, during the training session a second animated performance element may be displayed in the animated user interface, e.g. by the first client device. The second animated performance element may comprise a graphical representation of a lung. An appearance of the second animated performance element may be continuously adjusted based on the ventilation score. The appearance of the second animated performance element may be continuously adjusted based on a combination of the ventilation score and the compression score.

The appearance of the first animated performance element may include opacity of the first animated performance element. The opacity of the first animated performance element may be continuously adjusted based on the compression score and optionally the ventilation score.

The appearance of the first animated performance element may include a rate of change of the first animated performance element. The rate of change of the first animated performance element may be continuously adjusted based on the compression score and optionally the ventilation score. Alternatively or additionally, the rate of change of the first animated performance element may be substantially corresponding to a compression frequency of the deflection of the chest portion. The appearance of the second animated performance element may include opacity of the second animated performance element. The opacity of the second animated performance element may be continuously adjusted based on the ventilation score and optionally the compression score.

The appearance of the second animated performance element may include a rate of change of the second animated performance element. The rate of change of the second animated performance element may be continuously adjusted based on the ventilation score and optionally the compression score. Alternatively or additionally, the rate of change of the second animated performance element may be substantially corresponding to a ventilation rate of the ventilation of the lung portion.

The animated user interface may comprise one or more warning elements. A warning element may be indicative of the one or more compression parameters and/or the one or more ventilation parameters being outside a pre-set range. For example, the animated user interface may comprise a first warning element. The first warning element may be displayed in accordance with the compression signal being indicative of the one or more parameters indicative of deflection of the chest portion being outside a pre-set range. Alternatively or additionally, the animated user interface may comprise a second warning element. The second warning element may be displayed in accordance with the ventilation signal being indicative of the one or more parameters indicative of ventilation of the lung portion being outside a pre-set range.

A feedback mode may be determined. The feedback mode may be determined based on the ventilation signal and/or the compression signal. In accordance with the feedback mode being indicative of the training manikin receiving ventilation of the lung portion and/or indicative of the chest portion not being deflected, the second animated performance element may be displayed in the animated user interface. In accordance with the feedback mode not being indicative of the training manikin receiving ventilation of the lung portion and/or indicative of the chest portion being deflected, the first animated performance element may be displayed in the animated user interface. In a preferred example, the first animated performance element is displayed by default, i.e. when no deflection of the chest portion and no ventilation of the lung portion are detected.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Embodiments of the disclosure will be described in more detail in the following with regard to the accompanying figures. The figures show one way of implementing the present disclosure and are not to be construed as being limiting to other possible embodiments falling within the scope of the attached claim set.

Fig. 1 schematically illustrates an exemplary CPR training system, Figs. 2A and 2B schematically illustrates an exemplary training manikin,

Fig. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary training manikin and client devices, and

Figs. 4A-4L are examples of an animated user interface on a client device illustrating a trainee's performance when performing CPR training on a manikin.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various exemplary embodiments and details are described hereinafter, with reference to the figures when relevant. It should be noted that the figures may or may not be drawn to scale and that elements of similar structures or functions are represented by like reference numerals throughout the figures. It should also be noted that the figures are only intended to facilitate the description of the embodiments. They are not intended as an exhaustive description of the invention or as a limitation on the scope of the invention. In addition, an illustrated embodiment needs not have all the aspects or advantages shown. An aspect or an advantage described in conjunction with a particular embodiment is not necessarily limited to that embodiment and can be practiced in any other embodiments even if not so illustrated, or if not so explicitly described.

Fig. 1 schematically illustrates an exemplary CPR training system 2 comprising a training manikin 100 and a plurality of client devices including a first client device 200, a second client device 210 and a further second client device 220. For example, the first client device 200 may be an instructor device, and the second client device 210 and the further second client device 220 may be client devices of trainees, e.g. two trainees performing cooperative training on the manikin 100, or one trainee training on the manikin while another trainee is studying.

The CPR training system may comprise one, two or more manikins that all are in communication with a first client device 200, e.g. the instructor's device, and where each manikin are further in communication with one or two second client devices 210,220, e.g. the trainee device(s).

The training manikin 100 is for practicing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), e.g. for allowing a trainee to practice chest compression and/or lung ventilation. The training manikin 100 comprises a head 102 and a torso 103. The head may be omitted in manikins without lung ventilation. The torso 103 comprises a chest portion 104 and a back portion 107. The chest portion 104 is configured to simulate a patient's chest to allow compression during practice of chest compression. The chest portion 104 is deflectable, e.g. during compression training, along a deflection direction 10 towards the back portion 107. The deflection direction 10 may generally be perpendicular to the ground and/or back portion 107. The chest portion 104 may be deflectable between a non-deflected chest position (as illustrated) and a maximum-deflected chest position wherein the distance between the chest portion 104 and the back portion 107 is minimised.

The training manikin 100 further comprises a lung portion (not shown), which is in fluid communication with a mouth 105 and nostrils 106 of the head 102. The lung portion and the mouth 105 and nostrils 106 simulates a patient's airways so as to allow practice of lung ventilation. Alternative training manikins may be only for practicing chest compression, i.e. the head 102 and/or the lung portion of the illustrated examples may be omitted.

The training manikin 100 is provided with one or more sensors for measuring one or more parameters indicative of the performance of the trainee during use of the training manikin in a training session. Exemplary parameters may include parameters indicative of lung ventilation volume, stomach inflation, compression depth, hand position on the chest, compression frequency and other parameters relevant for assessment of the training. For example, the one or more parameters, or part thereof may be indicative of deflection of the chest portion, and/or one or more parameters or part thereof may be indicative of ventilation of the lung portion.

In Fig. 1, the training manikin 100 is illustrated as an adult sized training manikin. Flowever, it is noted that the training manikin 100 according to the present disclosure may be any sized manikin, such as a baby sized manikin or a toddler sized manikin.

The client devices 200, 210, 220 may comprise respective displays 202, 212, 222, which may be touch sensitive displays. The client devices 200, 210, 220 may be tablets and/or smart phones.

The manikin 100 may comprise a wireless communication module adapted to establish wireless communication links with the plurality of client devices 202, 212, 222, e.g. such as to enable transmission of training data based on the one or more parameters to the first client device 200, to the second client device 210, and/or to the further second client device 220.

The manikin 100 may, e.g. via the wireless communication module, be adapted to receive first device data from the first client device 200, second device data from the second client device 210, and/or further second device data from the further second client device 220.

Figs. 2A and 2B schematically illustrates an exemplary training manikin 100, such as the training manikin 100 as illustrated in Fig. 1. The training manikin 100 comprises an optional head 102 and a torso 103. The torso 103 comprises a chest portion 104 and a back portion 107. The chest portion 104 is deflectable along a deflection direction 10 towards the back portion 107. The training manikin 100 may, as illustrated in Fig. 2A, comprise a compression spring 108 biasing the chest portion 104 towards a non-deflected chest position. Furthermore, the chest portion 104 comprises an internal chest support structure 110 in engagement with the compression spring 108.

Alternatively, the training manikin 100 may, as illustrated in Fig. 2B, comprises an internal block element 310. The internal block element 310 may be made by a resilient material, such as foam, which biases the chest portion 104 towards the non-deflected chest position. Flence, during compression training, the vertical thickness of the internal block element 310 may be compressed. The internal chest support structure 110 may be provided also in combination with the internal block element 310, as illustrated, or may alternatively be omitted. The internal block element 310 comprises a first block side 314 and a second block side 316. The first block side 314 is arranged towards the back portion 107, and the second block side 316 is arranged towards the chest portion 104.

The training manikin 100 may further, as illustrated, comprise a lung portion 140, which is in fluid communication with the mouth 105 and nostrils 106 of the head 102. The lung portion 140 comprises a lung bag 142 and one or more airway components 144 fluidly connecting the lung bag 142 with the mouth 105 and nostrils 106. The airway components 144 may comprise airway tube(s), a lung adaptor and/or a mouth adaptor.

Fig. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary training manikin 100 and two client devices, including a first client device 200 and a second client device 210. The manikin 100 and client devices 200, 210 may be the corresponding devices of the system 2 described in relation to Figs. 1. For example, the client devices 200, 210 may comprise respective displays 202, 212, which may be touch sensitive displays. The first client device 200 is preferably a device dedicated to the CPR instructor and the second client device(s) 210, 220 is preferably dedicated to a trainee that performs CPR training on the manikin 100.

The manikin 100 comprises sensors including one or more ventilation sensor 114 and a compression sensor 112. As noted above, a manikin may in some embodiments be only for practicing chest compression, in which case the ventilation sensor(s) 114 may be omitted. The sensors 112, 114 may measure one or more parameters indicative of the performance of a trainee during use of the manikin 100. For example, the parameters or parts thereof may be indicative of deflection of the chest portion, and/or of ventilation of the lung portion.

The manikin 100 comprises a processing device 130 connected to the sensors 112, 114. The processing device 130 may further be connected to a wire-less communication module 120. The processing device 130 may be adapted to obtain and/or provide one or more output signals based on the one or more parameters received from the sensors 112, 114. For example, the output signals from the processing device 130 may comprise a compression signal indicative of deflection, e.g. distance of deflection, of the chest portion 104, e.g. relative to the non-deflected chest position. The output signals from the processing device 130 may alternatively or additionally comprise a ventilation signal indicative of ventilation of the lung portion, e.g. the ventilation signal may be indicative of volume of air contained in the lung portion and/or administered to the lung portion. The output signals may be provided, e.g. as training data, to the client devices 200, 210. For example, the output signals may be provided, e.g. as training data, to the wireless communication module 120. Alternatively, the output signals may be provided to the client devices 200, 210 using a wired connection. The processing device 130 may further be connected to an electronic memory 134 of the manikin 100, which may be adapted to store various information, e.g. including parameters based on data received from the client devices 200, 210, the training data, and/or the one or more parameters from the sensors 112, 114.

The wireless communication module 120 may establish wireless communication links with the first client device 200 and/or the second client device 210, e.g. with a first client wireless communication module 204 of the first client device 200, and/or with a second client wireless communication module 214 of the second client device 210, respectively. The wireless communication modules 120, 204, 214 may be Bluetooth modules configured for communication in accordance with a Bluetooth protocol. Alternatively, the wireless communication modules 120, 204, 214 may utilize other wireless communication modalities.

The sensors 112, 114, the wireless communication module 120, the processing device 130, and the electronic memory 134 may be provided as a sensor module 138. For example, the components may be provided on a single PCB and/or may be provided in a common housing. The manikin 100 comprises a power unit 136, which may be electrically connected to the sensor module 138, such as to the one or more sensors 112, 114, the wireless communication module 120, and/or the processing device 130.

The electronic memory 134 may be adapted to store parameters received from the client devices 200, 210. For example, the electronic memory 134 may be adapted to store personal and/or other information to be shared between the connected client devices 200, 210. The electronic memory 134 may comprise parameters of the manikin 100, which may be used in generating training data based on the parameters from the sensors 112, 114. The training data and/or visual representations indicative of the training data may be displayed on the display 202, 212 of one or more of the client devices 200, 210. For example, on the trainee client device(s) and/or on the instructor's client device.

Figs. 4A-4L shows an exemplary user interface 400, e.g. shown on the display 202, 212, 222 of one or more of the client devices 200, 210, 220 (see e.g. Fig. 1). For example, the user interface 400 may be displayed on the trainee client device(s) and/or on the instructor's client device.

Particularly, the user interface 400 provides the trainee or trainees with visual feedback of the performance during a training session. The user interface 400 is an animated user interface to illustrate to the trainee how blood circulation is restored in the body when performing CPR if the training session was performed on a person instead of the training manikin. Thus, the animated user interface provides visual feedback of the trainee's performance by indicating the physiological impact of the conducted compression and optionally ventilation. Also, warnings are displayed in the event that specific aspects of the CPR are outside predetermined ranges, e.g. outside guidelines on CPR. For example, a warning may be displayed in the event compressions depth and/or compression frequency and/or ventilation volume and/or ventilation rate, are outside optimal or predetermined ranges (see further below). The warnings allow the trainee to correct and/or improve compressions and/or ventilations, thereby training how to perform CPR most efficiently in a real emergency situation.

In Figs. 4A-4L the user interface 400 shows the outline of a training manikin 100, such as a selected manikin, e.g. corresponding to the training manikin on which the trainee is performing CPR. For example, the outline of a human adult manikin is illustrated on the screen when the client device is connected to an adult sized manikin. Flowever, it is noted that the training manikin according to the present disclosure may be any sized manikin, such as a baby sized manikin or a toddler sized manikin. The manikin size and/or type, e.g. compression only or compression and ventilation may be initially selected on the client device. Alternatively, the manikin size and/or type may be automatically identified based on connection with the manikin. The human outline in the animated user interface is then changed to represent a baby, a toddler, etc. according to the selected and/or identified size and/or type of manikin. The showed manikin has a head 102 and a torso 104.

During a training session, the user interface 400 displays the efficiency/ performance of the CPR training performed by the trainee on the manikin.

The optimal compression parameters, such as compression depth, compression frequency and/or compression position, and/or optimal ventilation parameters, such as ventilation volume and/or ventilation rate, may be dependent on whether the training is directed to CPR on adults, children or babies using e.g. an adult, toddler or baby sized manikin. Additionally, the optimal compression parameters and/or the optimal ventilation parameters may be defined by guidelines applicable for the training. Alternatively or additionally, the target ranges can be manually set. For example, the user may set their own target ranges for one or more of the CPR performance parameters. In the event that such custom guidelines were to be selected for use in a CPR session, then the visual feedback will be animated in response to these custom ranges.

In an exemplary adult sized manikin, the target ranges or setpoint ranges illustrating the optimal CPR efficiency if performed on a live human adult are typically as follows:

- compression depth: 50-60 mm;

- compression frequency: 100-120 compressions/min.;

- ventilation volume: 500-600 ml per ventilation;

- ventilation rate: 3-6 ventilations/min, and

- optionally, number of compressions to number ventilation ratio: 30:2.

The invention is explained based on the example of using an adult sized manikin, in some instances using the above mentioned setpoint ranges. However, the principles described below are applicable on other sizes of manikins, e.g. baby/infant or toddler sized manikins by utilizing setpoints relevant for that size manikin.

In an exemplary infant sized manikin, the target ranges or setpoint ranges illustrating the optimal CPR efficiency if performed on a live human infant are typically as follows:

- compression depth: 15-30 mm;

- compression frequency: 100-120 compressions/min.;

- ventilation volume: 50-70 ml per ventilation;

- ventilation rate: 6-10 ventilations/min, and

- optionally, number of compressions to number ventilation ratio: 15:2.

The compression frequency may be the number of compressions per minute and may be calculated as a running average based on the time used for performing the latest 2-10 or more preferably the latest 2-5 compressions. The ventilation rate may be the number of ventilations per minute and may be calculated as a running average based on the latest 2-5 or 2-3 ventilations.

The user interface 400 may comprise one or more animated performance elements, e.g. including a first animated performance element, e.g. including a heart 104H, one or more blood vessels 104A, and/or a brain 104B (see Figs. 4A-4J).

When performing compression, a first animated performance element or part thereof, such as the heart 104H appears on the manikin 100, see. Figs. 4A-4J. In some examples, the heart 104H may appear on the manikin when not performing ventilations, i.e. showing the heart 104H may be shown by default. The heart may be "flashing", e.g. by increasing and decreasing in size, e.g. with the same frequency, as the compressions are made on the manikin. The compression frequency may be determined based on a compression signal, e.g. as detected by the compression sensor 112 (see Fig. 3). The flashing of the heart 104H may illustrate the pumping actions induced by the trainee's compressions on the manikin's torso.

The brain 104B and blood vessels 104A are shown on the manikin. The blood vessels 104A connecting the heart 104H with the brain 104B and blood vessels 104A extending from the heart 104H and into the arms are provided to illustrate blood flow to the brain and periphery of the limbs, respectively. The appearance of the first animated performance element(s) 104H, 104A, 104B may be continuously adjusted based on a compression score, i.e. based on the quality of the compressions performed. For example, the appearance of blood vessels 104A and/or the brain 104B may include opacity, which may be continuously adjusted based on the compression score. For example, the opacity of blood vessels 104A and/or the brain 104B may be continuously adjusted based on the efficiency of the compressions. In some examples, the brain 104B and the blood vessels 104A may remain transparent, dimmed and/or outlined when compression efficiency is low, see figs. 4A-4C, illustrating that either compression frequency and/or compression depth is outside of the setpoint range, or even far from the setpoint range.

The appearance of the first animated performance element 104A may include a rate of change of the first animated performance element 104A. For example, when compressions are performed and/or adequately performed, the blood vessels 104A may include one or more moving elements, such arrows, 104C simulating the blood flow to the brain 104B and to the arms illustrating the blood flow to the body during the compression cycles, see Figs. 4B-4E. The rate of change of the first animated performance element 104A, e.g. the movement of the moving elements 104C, may be continuously adjusted based on the compression score, e.g. being faster when the compression score is higher. In another example, the movement of the moving elements 104C may follow the compression frequency.

Also, the outlined brain 104B as shown in fig. 4B-4C may become coloured, e.g. colour filled, see Figs. 4D-4F, such as starting from an outlined or dimmed coloured brain 104B, see Figs. 4A-4C and 4G, and increasing the colour intensity towards a more solid colour, see Fig. 4H, before being fully colour filled as illustrated in Figs. 4D-4F. Alternatively or additionally, the brain may be fully coloured, see Figs. 4D-4F and may be blinking, e.g. in a frequency corresponding to the received compression frequency, illustrating that compression frequency and compression depth are both within the setpoint range. Alternatively or additionally, the speed of the animation of the flow and/or the frequency of the blinking may be mapped to an overall compression score where a higher score may result in a faster animation cycle speed, i.e. including blinking.

Similarly, the blood vessels 104A may also become coloured when compressions are adequately performed, i.e. when the performed compressions are within a setpoint range for frequency and/or compressions depth, respectively.

The compression performance and thereby appearance of the first animated performance element, such as the blood vessels 104A and/or the brain 104B, may be based on a calculated compression score on the performance of the compression. The compression score may be based on the compression signal indicative of deflection of the chest portion, and which may be provided based on measurements of one or more parameters, e.g. based on data from the compression sensor of the manikin.

Calculating the compression score may include calculating and/or determining a compression frequency score, a compression depth score, a leaning score, and/or a compression position score.

The compression depth score may be based on deviation from a predetermined compression depth target. Flence, whether and by how much compression depth as indicated by the compression signal, deviates from the predetermined compression depth target. The compression depth target may be a compression depth according to guidelines, as mentioned previously. The compression depth score may be based on a scale. One example of a suitable scale is e.g. a gradual score of 0-1 where the compression depth score 1 is allocated when the compression depth is within the above-mentioned range according to the guidelines, and where the score is 0 when no compression is performed or corresponding to a compression depth outside a lowest acceptable compression depth, e.g. half of the compression depth indicated by the above. The compression frequency score may be calculated in a similar way based on the calculated compression frequency. For example, the compression frequency score may be based on deviation from a predetermined compression frequency target. Hence, whether and by how much compression frequency as indicated by the compression signal, deviates from the predetermined compression frequency target. The compression frequency target may be a compression frequency according to guidelines, as mentioned previously. The compression frequency score may be based on a scale. One example of a suitable scale is e.g. a gradual score of 0-1, where the compression frequency score 1 may be allocated when the compression frequency is within the above mentioned range according to the guidelines, and 0, when no compression is performed, or corresponding to a compression frequency below a lowest acceptable compression frequency, e.g. half of the target compression frequency indicated by the above, or above a highest acceptable compression frequency, e.g. twice of the target compression frequency indicated by the above.

Some trainees may tend to lean over the torso of the manikin during compression cycles which may result in that weight of the trainee is not fully lifting the compression between two compressions. Physiologically, in a real life-saving situation, leaning on a patient when performing CPR may result in the heart (e.g. the left and/or right ventricles of the heart) not being fully allowed to fill with blood between compressions, negatively influencing the resulting blood circulation. Thus, it may be advantageous to include a leaning score when calculating the compression score for visualizing the compression performance. The compression sensor may detect if a trainee is not fully releasing the deflection of the chest portion between two compressions. Whether and by how much the trainee is not fully lifting between compressions may be determined based on the compression signal. A leaning score may be calculated based on the compression signal, e.g. indicating the deflection of the chest portion between two compressions. The leaning score may be a binary scale, e.g. either 0 or 1. Alternatively, the leaning score may be a gradual score, e.g. between 0-1 where the leaning score may be 1 when no deflection of the chest portion is detected between compressions and 0 may be the leaning score when deflection of, e.g., more than 5 mm or more than 10 mm or more than 15 mm, is detected between two compressions.

A compression position score may also be included in the calculation of the compression score, which may be indicative of whether the compressions are performed at a target position on the chest according to guidelines. Thus, the compression sensor and/or dedicated position sensors may be able to determine the centre of the pressure provided by the trainee during compressions. The compression position score may be a gradual score, e.g. between 0-1 where the compression position score may be 1 when no deviation from the target position is detected and gradually decreasing as the distance between the position of the compression and the target position is increasing. A compression position score of 0 may be when the position of the compression and the target position is more than a threshold, e.g., more than 30 mm or more than 50 mm or more than 70 mm.

In calculating the compression score, one or more of the compression depth scores, the compression frequency score, the leaning score and/or the compression position score may be averaged, summed or otherwise combined to form the compression score. For example, calculating the compression score may include calculating a sum at least including the compression depth score, and one or more of the other scores. In such sum, the compression depth score may be weighted higher than each of the one or more other scores in the calculated sum.

The one or more animated performance elements of the user interface 400 may include a second animated performance element, e.g. a lung 104L (see Figs. 4K-4L).

When ventilation is performed, the heart 104H (and optionally the blood vessels 104A and optionally the brain 104B) may disappear, and the lung 104L may be shown as illustrated in Figs. 4K-4L. Whether the heart 104H (and optionally the blood vessels 104A and optionally the brain 104B) or the lung 104L is shown may be based on a determined feedback mode. The change may be done in response to the ventilation sensor 114 detecting a ventilation. For example, the feedback mode may be based on the ventilation signal, and in accordance with the feedback mode being indicative of the training manikin receiving ventilation of the lung portion, the second animated performance element, e.g. the lung 104L, may be displayed in the user interface 400. In some examples, in accordance with the feedback mode not being indicative of the training manikin receiving ventilation of the lung portion, the first animated performance element, e.g. the heart 104H (and optionally the blood vessels 104A and optionally the brain 104B) is displayed in the user interface 400.

Alternatively, the change from displaying the heart 104H (and optionally the blood vessels 104A and optionally the brain 104B) to displaying the lung 104L may be done in response to the compression sensor 112 detecting no compressions. Alternatively, or additionally the change may be based on ventilation performance, e.g. after a prescribed number of compressions, e.g. according to selected guidelines. The appearance of the lung 104L may be continuously adjusted, e.g. blinking and/or may change colour or opacity, and/or may be increasing and/or decreasing in size, with the same frequency as the ventilation is performed on the manikin. Alternatively, the optimal ventilation rate may be indicated by the appearance of the lung 104L, e.g. by blinking.

Ventilation, such as ventilation rate and/or ventilation volume, may be determined from a ventilation signal, e.g. as measured by the ventilation sensor 114. The appearance of the lung 104L may illustrate the inflation induced by the trainee's ventilation through the manikin's airways. The system receives the data from the ventilation sensor 114, which may e.g. be a pressure sensor or an air flow detecting sensor. The lung 104L may indicate if the volume of air received at the manikin's lung portion is within or outside applicable guidelines, such as the above-mentioned targets. For example, the appearance of the lung 104L, may be continuously adjusted based on a ventilation score, i.e. based on the quality of the ventilations performed. For example, the appearance of lung 104L may include opacity, which may be continuously adjusted based on the ventilation score. The appearance of the lung 104L may be dimmed (see 104L at Fig. 4K) and/or opacity may be decreased if the ventilation volume is below the above mentioned setpoint range.

The appearance of the second animated performance element, such as the lung 104L, may include a rate of change of the second animated performance element 104L. For example, when ventilations are performed and/or adequately performed, the lung 104L may show a gradual filling of the lung, e.g. by a colour change from the bottom to the top. The rate of change of the second animated performance element 104L, e.g. the gradual filling of the lung, may be continuously adjusted based on the ventilation score and/or based on a ventilation volume score and/or on a ventilation rate score.

The ventilation score and thereby appearance of the second animated performance element, such as the lung 104L, may be based on a calculated ventilation score on the performance of the ventilation. The ventilation score may be based on the ventilation signal indicative of ventilation of the lung portion, and which may be provided based on measurements of one or more parameters, e.g. based on data from the ventilation sensor of the manikin.

Calculating the ventilation score may include calculating and/or determining a ventilation rate score and/or a ventilation volume score.

The ventilation volume score may be based on deviation from a predetermined ventilation volume target. Flence, whether and by how much ventilation volume as indicated by the ventilation signal, deviates from the predetermined ventilation volume target. The ventilation volume target may be a ventilation volume according to guidelines, as mentioned previously. The ventilation volume score may be based on a scale. One example of a suitable scale is e.g. a gradual score of 0-1 where the ventilation volume score 1 is allocated when the ventilation volume is within the above-mentioned range according to the guidelines, and where the score is 0 when no ventilation is performed or corresponding to a ventilation volume below a lowest acceptable ventilation volume, e.g. half of the ventilation volume target, or above a highest acceptable ventilation volume, e.g. double the ventilation volume target.

The ventilation rate score may be based on deviation from a predetermined ventilation rate target. Flence, whether and by how much ventilation rate as indicated by the ventilation signal, deviates from the predetermined ventilation rate target. The ventilation rate target may be a ventilation rate according to guidelines, as mentioned previously. The ventilation rate score may be based on a scale. One example of a suitable scale is e.g. a gradual score of 0-1 where the ventilation rate score 1 is allocated when the ventilation rate is within the range according to the guidelines, and where the score is 0 when no ventilation is performed or corresponding to a ventilation rate below a lowest acceptable ventilation rate, e.g. half of the ventilation rate target, or above a highest acceptable ventilation rate, e.g. double the ventilation rate target.

In calculating the ventilation score the ventilation volume score and the ventilation rate score may be averaged, summed or otherwise combined to form the ventilation score. For example, calculating the ventilation score may include calculating a sum. In such sum, the ventilation volume may be weighted higher than the ventilation rate. In some examples the ventilation score may be the ventilation volume score or the ventilation rate score.

In some examples, the user interface 400 may provide feedback indicative of a combined evaluation of both compression and ventilation. Hence, the feedback may be based on a combination of the compression score and the ventilation score. For example, the appearance, such as opacity, rate of change etc., of the first animated performance element, e.g. one or more of the heart 104H, the blood vessels 104A and the brain 104B may continuously adjusted based on a combination of the compression score and the ventilation score.

The user interface 400 may comprise one or more warning elements 300A-300G. The warning element(s) 300A-300G may be indicative of the one or more compression parameters and/or the one or more ventilation parameters being outside a pre-set range. For example, a first warning element 300A-300E may be displayed in accordance with the compression signal being indicative of the one or more parameters indicative of deflection of the chest portion being outside a pre-set range. A second warning element 300F-300G may be displayed in accordance with the ventilation signal being indicative of the one or more parameters indicative of ventilation of the lung portion being outside a pre-set range. For example, if ventilation and/or compression performances are incorrect, e.g. is outside pre-set ranges, warning symbols 300A-300G may be shown on the display. For example warning elements may indicate compression frequency being too low (300A, see Fig. 4F) or too high (300B, see Fig. 4G). Warning elements may be provided e.g. to the right side of the head 102 or to the left side of the head 102. Similarly, warning elements indicating that compression depth is too high (300C, see Fig. 4H) or too low (300D, see fig. 41) may be provided. A warning element indicating that the trainee is leaning over the manikin (300E, see Fig. 4J) may similarly be displayed if the compression signal indicates leaning. Similarly, warning elements indicating that ventilation volume is too low (300F, see fig. 4K) or too high (300G, see fig. 4L) may be provided. In some examples, ventilation related warning elements may be provided to the right of the head 102, and compression related warning elements may be provided to the left of the head.

The warning elements 300A-300G may comprise a first warning element part 301A-301G and a second warning element part 302A-302G. The first warning element part 301A-301G may be indicating the type of warning, e.g. whether the warning relates to ventilation or compression. The second warning element part 302A-302G may be indicating the specifics of the warning, e.g. why the warning is being provided, such as what is it that is not within the pre-set range. In some examples, the first warning element part 301A-301G and/or the second warning element part 302A- 302G may be flashing. In some examples, the second warning element part 302A-302G is flashing and the first warning element part 301A-301G is not flashing, e.g. is persistently shown.

In some examples, only one warning is displayed. For example, the warning element corresponding to the first detected compression and/or ventilation parameter being outside its pre-set range, may be displayed, while warnings relating to other compression and/or ventilation parameter being outside their pre-set range may be ignored for a predetermined time, e.g. between 2-5 seconds. Thereby, the trainee is given a chance to correct what he/she is being warned about, before being presented with a new (and possibly different) warning.

A decay factor may be used on the latest score(s) in case ventilation and/or compression stops. For example, calculating the compression score may include, in accordance with the compression signal being indicative of the chest portion of the training manikin not being deflected, gradually decreasing the compression score. Alternatively or additionally, calculating the ventilation score may include, in accordance with the ventilation signal being indicative of the lung portion of the training manikin not being inflated, gradually decreasing the ventilation score. Alternatively or additionally, calculating the ventilation score and/or the compression score may include, in accordance with the ventilation signal being indicative of the lung portion of the training manikin not being inflated and the compression signal being indicative of the chest portion of the training manikin not being deflected, gradually decreasing the ventilation score and/or the compression score. The decay factor may e.g. be 0.95-0.7 and may be multiplied to the latest score that was calculated for the relevant parameter. Flence, if compressions are terminated, the decay factor multiplied to the latest compression depth score results may be gradually reducing movement of the moving elements 104C and/or the flashing of the brain 104B and/or dimming of the colour(s) on the blood vessels 104A or the brain 104B. Thereby the decay factor may indicate the physiological impact of the terminated CPR. The disclosure has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment. However, the scope of the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment, and alterations and modifications can be carried out without deviating from the scope of the invention.

Throughout the description, the use of the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "primary", "secondary", "tertiary" etc. does not imply any particular order or importance but are included to identify individual elements. Furthermore, the labelling of a first element does not imply the presence of a second element and vice versa.

Claims

1. Method for providing performance of a trainee during practice of CPR, the method comprising: providing a training manikin comprising a chest portion being deflectable along a deflection direction and towards a back portion between a non-deflected chest position and a maximum-deflected chest position, the training manikin further comprising one or more sensors for measuring one or more parameters indicative of the performance of a trainee during use of the training manikin in a training session, wherein at least part of the one or more parameters are indicative of deflection of the chest portion, starting a training session, during the training session:

- measuring the one or more parameters with the one or more sensors,

- providing a compression signal based on the one or more parameters, wherein the compression signal is at least indicative of deflection of the chest portion,

- calculating a compression score on the performance of the compression based on the compression signal,

- displaying on a display of a first client device an animated user interface, and

- displaying in the animated user interface a first animated performance element, wherein an appearance of the first animated performance element is continuously adjusted based on the compression score.

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein calculating the compression score includes calculating a sum of a compression frequency score, a compression depth score, a compression position score, and/or a leaning score.

3. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein calculating the compression score includes: calculating a compression frequency score based on deviation from a predetermined compression frequency target, calculating a compression depth score based on deviation from a predetermined compression depth target, calculating a leaning score based on whether leaning is present.

4. Method according to any of claims 2-3, wherein calculating the compression score includes calculating a sum at least including the compression depth score, and one or more other scores, e.g. including the compression frequency score, the leaning score and/or the compression position score, and wherein the compression depth score is weighted higher than each of the one or more other scores in the calculated sum.

5. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein calculating the compression score includes, in accordance with the compression signal being indicative of the chest portion of the training manikin not being deflected, gradually decreasing the compression score.

6. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first animated performance element comprises a graphical representation of a heart, one or more blood vessels and/or a brain.

7. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the animated user interface comprises a first warning element, and wherein the first warning element is displayed in accordance with the compression signal being indicative of the one or more parameters indicative of deflection of the chest portion being outside a pre-set range.

8. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the appearance of the first animated performance element includes opacity of the first animated performance element, and the opacity of the first animated performance element is continuously adjusted based on the compression score.

9. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the appearance of the first animated performance element includes a rate of change of the first animated performance element, and the rate of change of the first animated performance element is continuously adjusted based on the compression score.

10. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the training manikin further comprises a mouth and/or nostrils and a lung portion comprising a lung bag and one or more airway components fluidly connecting the lung bag with the mouth and/or the nostrils, and wherein at least part of the one or more parameters are indicative of ventilation of the lung portion, and wherein the method comprises: during the training session:

- providing a ventilation signal based on the one or more parameters, wherein the ventilation signal is at least indicative of ventilation of the lung portion, - calculating a ventilation score on the performance of the ventilation based on the ventilation signal.

11. Method according to claim 10 comprising, during the training session, displaying in the animated user interface a second animated performance element wherein an appearance of the second animated performance element is continuously adjusted based on the ventilation score.

12. Method according to any of claims 10-11, wherein calculating the ventilation score includes calculating a sum of a ventilation volume score and/or a ventilation rate score.

13. Method according to any of claims 10-12, wherein calculating the ventilation score includes: calculating a ventilation volume score based on deviation from a predetermined ventilation volume target, calculating a ventilation rate score based on deviation from a predetermined ventilation rate target.

14. Method according to any of claims 10-13, wherein the second animated performance element comprises a graphical representation of a lung.

15. Method according to any of claims 10-14, wherein the animated user interface comprises a second warning element, and wherein the second warning element is displayed in accordance with the ventilation signal being indicative of the one or more parameters indicative of ventilation of the lung portion being outside a pre-set range.

16. Method according to any of claims 10-15, wherein the appearance of the second animated performance element includes opacity of the second animated performance element, and the opacity of the second animated performance element is continuously adjusted based on the ventilation score.

17. Method according to any of claims 10-16, wherein the appearance of the second animated performance element includes a rate of change of the second animated performance element, and the rate of change of the second animated performance element is continuously adjusted based on the ventilation score.

18. Method according to any of claims 10-17 comprising determining a feedback mode based on the ventilation signal, and in accordance with the feedback mode being indicative of the training manikin receiving ventilation of the lung portion, displaying in the animated user interface the second animated performance element.

19. Method according to claim 18, wherein in accordance with the feedback mode not being indicative of the training manikin receiving ventilation of the lung portion, displaying in the animated user interface the first animated performance element.

20. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the animated user interface comprises a warning element indicative of the one or more compression parameters and/or the one or more ventilation parameters being outside a pre-set range.

21. A CPR training system comprising a training manikin and a first client device, the training manikin comprising a chest portion being deflectable along a deflection direction and towards a back portion between a non-deflected chest position and a maximum-deflected chest position, the training manikin further comprising one or more sensors for measuring one or more parameters indicative of the performance of a trainee during use of the training manikin in a training session, wherein at least part of the one or more parameters are indicative of deflection of the chest portion, the first client device comprising a display and being communicatively coupled with the training manikin, and during a training session: the training manikin is adapted to:

- measure the one or more parameters with the one or more sensors, and

- provide a compression signal based on the one or more parameters, wherein the compression signal is at least indicative of deflection of the chest portion, the first client device is adapted to:

- receive the compression signal from the training manikin,

- calculate a compression score on the performance of the compression based on the compression signal,

- display on the display of the first client device an animated user interface, and

- display in the animated user interface a first animated performance element, wherein an appearance of the first animated performance element is continuously adjusted based on the compression score.

22. CPR training system according to claim 21, wherein the training manikin further comprises a mouth and/or nostrils and a lung portion comprising a lung bag and one or more airway components fluidly connecting the lung bag with the mouth and/or the nostrils, and wherein at least part of the one or more parameters are indicative of ventilation of the lung portion, wherein during the training session: the training manikin is further adapted to:

- provide a ventilation signal based on the one or more parameters, wherein the ventilation signal is at least indicative of ventilation of the lung portion, the first client device is further adapted to: - receive the ventilation signal from the training manikin, and

- calculate a ventilation score on the performance of the ventilation based on the ventilation signal.

23. CPR training system according to claim 22, wherein the first client device, during the training session, is further adapted to display in the animated user interface a second animated performance element wherein an appearance of the second animated performance element is continuously adjusted based on the ventilation score.