WO2022198464A1 - Data transmission method, related device, and communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application discloses a data transmission method, a related device, and a communication system, for use in effectively avoiding the occurrence of network congestion in a data transmission process. The method comprises: a network device obtains respective traffic transmission information of a plurality of terminal devices, the traffic transmission information comprising a traffic period of data transmission of each terminal device and a traffic peak in the traffic period; the network device determines a traffic adjustment instruction of a first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the plurality of terminal devices, the traffic adjustment instruction being used for instructing the first terminal device to change the occurrence opportunity of the traffic peak; and the network device sends the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.

Description

A data transmission method, related equipment and communication system technical field

The present application relates to the field of multimedia technologies, and in particular, to a data transmission method, related equipment, and communication system.

Background technique

With the development of multimedia transmission technology, the scale of video users and the video bit rate increase rapidly, which brings huge video transmission traffic and makes the transmission network inevitably congested.

In order to alleviate the congestion of the transmission network, when the transmission device transmits the video stream, it will selectively discard some video frames according to the frame type of the video frames included in the video stream. Among them, the video stream consists of a series of group of pictures (GOP). A GOP can usually include an I frame (inter frame) and one or more other types of video frames, such as a B frame (bi-predictive frame), a P frame (predictive frame), and so on. Video data in each video frame can be packed into multiple packets. When the transmission network is congested, the data packets encapsulated with B frames are discarded first, then the data packets encapsulated with P frames are discarded, and finally the data packets encapsulated with I frames are discarded.

However, the loss of data packets will affect the video picture of the media device, so that the video picture is blurred and stuck on the media device side.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present application provides a data transmission method, related equipment and communication system, which are used to avoid network congestion during data transmission.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a data transmission method, the method includes: a network device acquires traffic transmission information from multiple terminal devices, where the traffic transmission information includes data transmission traffic of the terminal devices period and the traffic peak in the traffic period; the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices, and the traffic adjustment instruction is used for the first terminal device changing the timing at which the traffic peak occurs; the network device sends the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.

It can be seen that, by using the method shown in this aspect, it is not necessary to discard the data frame transmitted by the terminal device, so that the video played by the media device can effectively avoid the occurrence of smeared screen, stuck and other events. In addition, the network device can flexibly adjust the timing when the traffic peaks from multiple terminal devices appear on the network device side, so as to avoid the concentrated transmission of traffic peaks transmitted by multiple terminal devices to the network device, which can effectively avoid the situation of network congestion. , to improve the utilization rate of network resources between terminal equipment and network equipment.

In addition, by using the method shown in this aspect, the peaks of the traffic transmitted by multiple terminal devices to the network device can be effectively avoided in the same time period, thereby generating huge burst traffic and causing network recession and deterioration.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices, the method further includes: the network device The device determines that the traffic peak value of data transmission in the current statistical period is greater than or equal to the congestion threshold or that the number of occurrences of the traffic peak of data transmission in the current statistical period is greater than or equal to the congestion threshold.

It can be seen that, as shown in this aspect, the transmission of data packets transmitted by multiple terminal devices to network devices is pre-judged. If it is pre-judged that the number of traffic peaks of data transmission in the current statistical time period is greater than or equal to the congestion threshold, Only then will the transmission of multiple data packets be detected to generate flow adjustment instructions, so as to avoid unnecessary overhead caused by frequent generation of flow adjustment instructions.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices, the method further includes: the network device pre- Set the detection period, the network device obtains a traffic adjustment command every detection period.

It can be seen that, as shown in this aspect, traffic adjustment instructions are periodically obtained for data packets transmitted by multiple terminal devices, so that the situation of network congestion can be discovered in time.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices, the method further includes: the network device determines When a new terminal device is connected to the network device, the network device obtains a flow adjustment instruction.

It can be seen that, when a new terminal device is connected to the network device as shown in this aspect, the network device immediately obtains a flow adjustment instruction once, so as to avoid network congestion caused by the data transmission of the new terminal device.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices, the method further includes: the network device receiving Congestion indication information from a media device, where the congestion indication information is used to instruct the media device to play data from multiple terminal devices when a screen is blurred, stuck, or other events.

It can be seen that when the network device shown in this aspect determines that the video played by the media device has an event such as screen blur or freeze, it immediately obtains a traffic adjustment instruction to adjust the congested network. Avoid screen blurs and freezes during subsequent video playback on media devices.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the traffic adjustment instruction is used to adjust the number of the traffic peaks that appear in the subsequent statistical time period to be less than the congestion threshold.

It can be seen that the number of traffic peaks in the subsequent statistical time period is less than the congestion threshold, which effectively avoids congestion in the process of transmitting data frames to the network device by multiple terminal devices through the subsequent statistical time period.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the duration of the statistics period is greater than the duration of the traffic period.

It can be seen that based on the statistical time period whose duration is greater than the duration of the traffic cycle of all terminal devices, the obtained traffic adjustment instruction can accurately obtain whether network congestion occurs, thereby improving the occurrence of traffic peaks of congested terminal devices. timing to adjust the accuracy.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices, the method further includes: the network device The device determines that the times when the traffic peak of the first terminal device and the traffic peak of the second terminal device occur at least partially coincide.

It can be seen that in the case where the network device determines that the peak traffic of the first terminal device and the peak traffic of the second terminal device at least partially coincide, it means that the process of data transmission between the first terminal device and the second terminal device is prone to network problems. Congestion, by adjusting the timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak of the first terminal device, the subsequent network congestion of the first terminal device and the second terminal device in the data transmission process can be effectively avoided.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, after the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices, the method further includes: the network device The device determines that the times when the traffic peak of the first terminal device and the traffic peak of the second terminal device occur do not coincide.

It can be seen that when the network device adjusts the traffic peak value of the first terminal device and the traffic peak value of the second terminal device so that their respective timings do not coincide at all, the network congestion can be adjusted effectively.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, after the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices, the method further includes: the network device The device determines that before the network device sends the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device, the coincidence time of the timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak of the first terminal device and the traffic peak of the second terminal device is less than the first terminal device according to the traffic adjustment instruction After the traffic peak value is adjusted, the coincidence time of the timing when the traffic peak value of the first terminal device and the traffic peak value of the second terminal device occur.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the traffic of the I frame is the traffic peak.

It can be seen that the network device can improve the efficiency and accuracy of adjusting the network congestion by adjusting the timing of the occurrence of the I frame with the largest flow of the first terminal device. The timings of the I frames transmitted by each terminal device do not overlap or only a small amount of traffic overlaps, which will not cause network congestion.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the traffic adjustment instruction is used to instruct the first terminal device to start encoding a peak frame (encoding generates a peak frame), where the peak frame is an I frame.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the signaling format of the flow adjustment instruction includes a protocol header and an instruction type, wherein the protocol header is used to indicate the protocol used by the flow adjustment instruction, and the instruction type is used to indicate the protocol used by the flow adjustment instruction. The first terminal device that instructs to receive the flow adjustment instruction immediately starts encoding the peak frame.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the traffic adjustment instruction is used to indicate a specific encoding timing for encoding the peak frame by the first terminal device. Specifically, the traffic adjustment instruction is used to instruct the first terminal device to specifically start encoding the peak frame at the encoding start time, so that the first terminal device starts encoding the peak frame when determining that the encoding start time arrives.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the signaling format of the flow adjustment instruction includes a protocol header, an instruction type and an encoding time indication, wherein the protocol header is used to indicate the protocol used by the flow adjustment instruction, The instruction type is used to instruct the first terminal device to change the encoding start time for starting to encode the peak frame, and the encoding time indicates a specific time used to indicate the encoding start time.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the traffic adjustment instruction is used to instruct the first terminal device to send the sending moment of the peak frame.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the occurrence times of the traffic peaks corresponding to the peak frames of the multiple terminal devices are evenly distributed in the subsequent collection time.

It can be seen that when the timings of the traffic peaks corresponding to the peak frames of multiple terminal devices are evenly distributed in the subsequent collection time, the utilization efficiency of network resources between the terminal device and the network device is effectively improved.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices, the method further includes: the network device The device receives the respective data packets from the multiple terminal devices; the network device obtains the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices according to the statistical information, and the statistical information includes the timing of the peak frame occurrence and the peak frame rate. flow.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices, the method further includes: the network device The device receives the respective traffic transmission information from the plurality of terminal devices of the user plane function UPF.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the network device sending the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device includes: the network device sends the traffic adjustment through 5G signaling or an application layer message instruction.

The 5G signaling may be non-access stratum NAS signaling. The application layer message may be a message conforming to the ONVIF standard or the GB28181 standard.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, after the network device sends the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device, the method further includes: the network device receives subsequent data from the first terminal device packet, the network device obtains the subsequent statistical information, the network device obtains the subsequent traffic transmission information of the first terminal device, and the network device determines the deviation between the first timing and the second timing when the traffic peak corresponding to the peak frame occurs Whether it is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, and if so, send a subsequent flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.

The peak frame is any peak frame from the first terminal device indicated by the traffic adjustment instruction, and the first timing is the traffic peak corresponding to the peak frame indicated by the traffic adjustment instruction generated by the network device. The timing of occurrence, the second timing is the timing when the first terminal device adjusts the occurrence timing of the traffic peak corresponding to the peak frame and transmits it to the network device side after receiving the traffic adjustment instruction.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the deviation between the first timing and the second timing may be the difference between the starting moment of the first timing and the starting moment of the second timing, or , the deviation between the first timing and the second timing may be the difference between the ending time of the first timing and the ending time of the second timing, or the deviation between the first timing and the second timing may be the The difference between the end time of an opportunity and the start time of the second opportunity.

When the deviation between the first timing and the second timing is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, it means that the adjustment of the timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak corresponding to the peak frame by the first terminal device does not meet the requirements of the network device, and it is easy to Network congestion occurs.

It can be seen that after sending the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device, the network device can also determine whether the timing adjusted by the first terminal device according to the traffic adjustment can be effectively performed by detecting the deviation between the first timing and the second timing. Network congestion is avoided, thus effectively avoiding the occurrence of network congestion, and improving the accuracy of adjusting the timing of the occurrence of traffic peaks corresponding to each peak frame transmitted by each terminal device to the network device.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for data transmission. The method includes: a terminal device receives a flow adjustment instruction from a network device; the terminal device changes the flow rate during data transmission according to the flow adjustment instruction. The timing of the occurrence of traffic peaks in the cycle; the terminal device transmits data to the network device.

For the description of the beneficial effects shown in this aspect, please refer to the above-mentioned first aspect for details, and details are not repeated in this aspect.

Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, when the terminal device changes the timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak in the traffic cycle during the data transmission process according to the traffic adjustment instruction, the terminal device adjusts according to the traffic flow. instruction to start encoding the peak frame of the terminal device.

Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, when the terminal device changes the timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak in the traffic cycle during the data transmission process according to the traffic adjustment instruction, the terminal device adjusts according to the traffic flow. an instruction to change the encoding timing of the peak frame of the terminal device.

Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the peak frame is an I frame, and the traffic of the I frame is the traffic peak.

Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the traffic adjustment instruction is used to instruct the terminal device to start encoding the peak frame, where the peak frame is an I frame.

Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the signaling format of the flow adjustment instruction includes a protocol header and an instruction type, wherein the protocol header is used to indicate the protocol used by the flow adjustment instruction, and the instruction type is used to indicate the protocol used by the flow adjustment instruction. Upon instructing the terminal device to receive the flow adjustment instruction, the encoding of the peak frame is started immediately.

Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the signaling format of the flow adjustment instruction includes a protocol header, an instruction type and an encoding time indication, wherein the protocol header is used to indicate the protocol used by the flow adjustment instruction, The instruction type is used to instruct the terminal device to change the encoding start time for starting to encode the peak frame, and the encoding time indicates a specific time used to indicate the encoding start time.

Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the traffic adjustment instruction is used to instruct the terminal device to send the sending moment of the peak frame.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a network device, including a memory and a transceiver respectively coupled to a processor, the memory stores computer program code, the processor calls and executes the computer program code in the memory, The processor is caused to perform the steps related to processing in any one of the above first aspects, and the transceiver is configured to perform the steps related to transceiving in any one of the above first aspects.

In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal device, including a memory and a transceiver respectively coupled to a processor, the memory stores computer program codes, and the processor calls and executes the computer program codes in the memory, The processor is caused to perform the steps related to processing according to any one of the above second aspects, and the transceiver is configured to perform the steps related to transceiving according to any one of the above second aspects.

In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a communication system, including a network device and a terminal device, where the network device is shown in the third aspect above, and the terminal device is shown in the fourth aspect above.

In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a communication system, including a user plane function UPF and a first terminal device, where the UPF is configured to: acquire respective traffic transmission information from multiple terminal devices, where the traffic transmission information includes the flow period of the data transmission of the terminal equipment and the flow peak value in the flow period; the flow adjustment instruction of the first terminal equipment is determined according to the respective flow transmission information of the multiple terminal equipment, and the flow adjustment instruction is used for the The first terminal device changes the timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak; and sends the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.

In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a communication system, including a user plane function UPF, a multi-access edge platform MEP, and a first terminal device;

The user plane function UPF is configured to receive the respective data packets from the multiple terminal devices; obtain the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices according to statistical information, and the statistical information includes the timing of peak frame occurrence and the Peak frame traffic.

The multi-access edge platform MEP is configured to receive respective traffic transmission information from the multiple terminal devices of the user plane function UPF, and the multi-access edge platform MEP is further configured to: according to the multiple terminal devices The respective traffic transmission information determines a traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device, and the traffic adjustment instruction is used by the first terminal device to change the timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak; sending the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device .

In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a communication system, including a user plane function UPF, a multi-access edge platform MEP, and a first terminal device;

The user plane function UPF is configured to receive the respective data packets from the multiple terminal devices, and transmit the respective data of the multiple terminal devices to the multi-access edge platform MEP, and the multi-access edge platform MEP is configured to The information obtains the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices, the statistical information includes the timing of the peak frame occurrence and the traffic of the peak frame, and determines the traffic transmission information of the first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices. A flow adjustment instruction, where the flow adjustment instruction is used by the first terminal device to change the timing of the occurrence of the flow peak; and the flow adjustment instruction is sent to the first terminal device.

In a ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, any one of the first to second aspects can be completed the method.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows the network architecture example diagram of the communication system provided by this application;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the steps of the first embodiment of the method for data transmission provided by the present application;

3a is an example diagram of the first scenario in the data transmission process provided by the application;

Figure 3b is an example diagram of the second scenario in the data transmission process provided by the application;

FIG. 4 is an example diagram of the third scenario in the data transmission process provided by the present application;

5 is an example diagram of the fourth scenario in the data transmission process provided by the present application;

6a is an example diagram of the fifth scenario in the data transmission process provided by the application;

FIG. 6b is an example diagram of the sixth scenario in the data transmission process provided by the application;

Figure 6c is an example diagram of the seventh scenario in the data transmission process provided by the application;

FIG. 7a is a diagram illustrating an example of the first signaling format of the traffic adjustment instruction provided by the application;

FIG. 7b is an example diagram of the second signaling format of the traffic adjustment instruction provided by the application;

8a is an example diagram of the eighth scenario in the data transmission process provided by the application;

Figure 8b is an example diagram of the ninth scenario in the data transmission process provided by the application;

9 is a flow chart of the steps of the second embodiment of the method for data transmission provided by the present application;

10 is a flowchart of the steps of the third embodiment of the method for data transmission provided by the application;

11 is a flowchart of the steps of the fourth embodiment of the method for data transmission provided by the application;

FIG. 12 is a structural example diagram of the first embodiment of the electronic device provided by the application;

FIG. 13 is a structural example diagram of the second embodiment of the electronic device provided by the application.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments.

First, the structure of the communication system to which the method for data transmission provided by the present application is applied will be described in conjunction with FIG. 1 :

As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 shows an example diagram of the network architecture of the communication system provided by the present application. In this embodiment, the network of the communication system is the 5th generation mobile networks (5G) network as example. The description of the network type of the communication system in this embodiment is an optional example, which is not limited. For example, in other examples, the network type of the communication system may also be the fourth generation mobile communication technology (4th generation mobile networks, 4G) network, internet of things (IOT) or wireless communication technology (the 802.11b standard for wireless network, WiFi), etc.

The 5G network shown in this embodiment includes multiple terminal devices. This embodiment does not limit the specific device types of the terminal devices. For example, the terminal devices can be mobile phones, Internet of Things devices, smart home devices, industrial control devices, and vehicle devices. Wait. The terminal equipment may also be referred to as user equipment (user equipment, UE), mobile station (Mobile Station), mobile station (Mobile), remote station (Remote Station), remote terminal (Remote Terminal), access terminal (Access Terminal) ), terminal equipment (User Terminal), and User Agent (User Agent), which are not limited here. The above-mentioned terminal device may also be a vehicle in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, a machine in machine-type communication, and the like. Hereinafter, the present application takes the device type of the terminal device as an IP Camera terminal (IP Camera, IPC) as an example for illustrative description.

The 5G network includes a base station 120 , and terminal devices (eg, terminal devices 101 and 102 ) can be directly connected to the base station 120 , or terminal devices (eg, terminal device 103 ) can be connected to the base station 120 through a 5G router 110 . The base station 120 is used to provide wireless communication functions for terminal equipment. The base station 120 may include various forms of base stations, such as: a macro base station, a micro base station (also referred to as a small cell), a relay station, an access point, and the like.

The base station 120 is connected to a user plane function (user plane function, UPF) network element 130, and the UPF network element 130 can implement functions such as forwarding, statistics, and detection of data from terminal equipment. UPF network elements may also be referred to as UPF devices or UPF entities.

As shown in this embodiment, each terminal device can be set in monitoring areas such as industrial parks, mines, ports, etc., multiple terminal devices are connected to the base station 120, and the base station 120 then transmits the data packets from each terminal device to the UPF 130.

The core network 140 is connected to the UPF network element 130, and the network elements included in the core network 140 may be as follows:

Access and mobility management function (AMF) network element, session management function (session management function, SMF) network element, authentication service function (authentication server function, AUSF) network element, application function (application function) function, AF), unified data management (unified data management, UDM), policy control function (policy control function, PCF), NF storage function (NF Repository Function, NRF) and network exposure function (network exposure function, NEF) and so on. The above network elements may be referred to as devices.

The 5G network shown in this embodiment may further include a multi-access edge platform (MEP) 150 connected to the UPF network element 130 . MEP150 is a virtualized infrastructure abstracted from one or more network elements included in the core network. The MEP150 runs application programs and enables it to provide and use a collection of basic functions required for multi-access edge services. Among them, MEP150 can be deployed together with UPF130.

Optionally, MEP 150 is also used to provide hosting for multi-access edge services, receive Domain Name System (DNS) records, and configure DNS proxies/servers. Exemplarily, the multi-access edge services include: information provision services, location services, and bandwidth management services.

Example 1

Based on the communication system shown in FIG. 1 , the execution process of the data transmission method provided by this embodiment is exemplarily described below with reference to FIG. 2 , wherein FIG. 2 is the first step of the data transmission method provided by this application. A flow chart of the steps of this embodiment.

Step 201: The UPF receives respective data packets from multiple terminal devices.

Each terminal device shown in this embodiment collects video data and sends data packets to the UPF.

In this embodiment, the cameras of each terminal device will collect video, and then periodically encode the collected video to obtain I-frame, B-frame and P-frame data. Among them, all video frames contained between every two I-frames form a GOP, and the number of video frames contained in a GOP is called the GOP length. For example, the length of a GOP encoded and output by a video encoder is 50. Then it is explained that the number of frames of the video frames included in the GOP is 50. It can be seen that the video stream encoded and output by the video encoder includes a plurality of consecutive GOPs. The first video frame of each GOP is an I frame, and the subsequent 49 videos Frames include P frames and B frames. In addition, the coding standard adopted by the video encoder may be: H.264/advanced video coding (AVC), H.265/high efficiency video coding (HEVC) or H.266/ The next-generation video coding standard (versatile video coding, VVC), the description of the coding standard in this embodiment is an optional example, which is not limited.

As shown in Figure 3a, the terminal device 301 generates one I frame and multiple B/P frames included in the first GOP in the current encoding cycle, then encapsulates these video frames in data packets, and sends them to the base station through the current traffic cycle , the base station then forwards to the UPF, and the UPF will receive these packets. Similarly, the terminal device 301 generates one I frame and multiple B/P frames included in the second GOP in the next encoding cycle, and then encapsulates these video frames into data packets, and sends them to the base station through the next traffic cycle. These packets are then forwarded to the UPF, which will receive them. On the time axis, the current encoding period and the next encoding period are adjacent, and the duration of the current encoding period is earlier than the duration of the next encoding period.

In this embodiment, the terminal device encapsulates the video frame in the data packet and sends it to the UPF as an example for illustration. In other examples, the terminal device may also encapsulate other types of data frames into the data packet. The type of data frame is not limited.

Since the data volume of the I frame is larger than that of the B/P frame, the number of I frame data packets sent by the terminal device in the traffic cycle is greater than the number of B/P frame data packets, wherein the I frame data packet is used to carry the I frame data packet. A data packet of video data included in a frame, a B frame data packet is a data packet used to carry video data included in a B frame, and a P frame data packet is a data packet used to carry video data included in a P frame.

Specifically, the terminal device 301 transmits the first GOP in the current traffic period, and transmits the second GOP in the next traffic period. On the time axis, the first current traffic period and the next traffic period are adjacent. The I frame is a peak frame, and the P frame and the B frame are low-peak frames, where the peak frame refers to a video frame corresponding to the largest traffic flow in a traffic cycle. The low-peak frame refers to a video frame whose corresponding flow rate is less than the flow rate of the peak frame in a flow period.

And on the time axis, the relative positions of the peak frames in different traffic cycles are the same. For example, in the current traffic cycle, the first video frame is an I frame (that is, the peak frame), and in the next traffic cycle, the first video frame Video frames are also I-frames.

Step 201: The UPF receives respective data packets from multiple terminal devices.

In this embodiment, each terminal device included in the communication system transmits a plurality of consecutive data packets (the consecutive plurality of data packets may be referred to as data streams) to the UPF through the base station. For the specific description of the communication system, please See Fig. 1 for details, and details are not repeated.

Step 202, the UPF acquires statistical information.

The following describes the process of obtaining statistical information:

Within a GOP, the traffic of an I frame is about 5 to 20 times larger than that of a P frame or a B frame, so UPF collects statistics on data packets from different terminal devices to obtain statistical information. As shown in Figure 3b.

Specifically, the UPF receives the data packets transmitted by each terminal device to the UPF, and collects statistics on the transmission traffic of each terminal device, that is, statistics on changes in the data flow speed of the terminal device.

The statistical information 310 shown in FIG. 3b is the statistical information of the terminal device A1, and the statistical information 311 is the statistical information of the terminal device A2. In this example, the statistics of the terminal device A1 and the terminal device A2 are taken as an example for illustration. In other examples , the UPF can perform statistics on two or more terminal devices to obtain statistical information.

Specifically, the abscissa shown in the statistical information 310 represents time, and the unit can be milliseconds (ms), and the ordinate represents traffic, and the unit can be megabits per second (megabits per second, mbps). The description of the specific units of the abscissa and the ordinate is an optional example, and is not limited.

The UPF shown in this embodiment receives a plurality of consecutive data packets from the terminal device A1. Specifically, the UPF determines a plurality of consecutive timings on the time axis, and the durations of different timings are equal. As shown in FIG. 3b, UPF counts the flow of received data packets from terminal device A1 in timing 320, and UPF counts the flow of received data packets from terminal device A1 in timing 330, and so on.

For example, for the data packet from the terminal device A1, the UPF calculates that the traffic counted at the timing 320 is 2 mbps, and the traffic counted at the timing 330 is 9 mbps.

As shown in the statistical information 310 , it can be known that the flow of the data packets collected by the UPF at the timing 320 is greater than the flow of the data packets collected by the UPF at the timing 320 . The flow of the data packets collected at any time refers to the video bit rate of the data packets received by the UPF at that time, and the video bit rate refers to the number of data bits transmitted per unit time during data transmission.

Similarly, the UPF receives multiple consecutive data packets from the terminal device A2. The UPF also counts the traffic of the data packets received from the terminal device A2 in the timing 320. In the timing 330, the UPF counts the received data packets from the terminal device The flow of data packets of A2, and so on.

For example, for the data packet from the terminal device A2, the UPF calculates that the traffic counted at the timing 320 is 3 mbps, and the traffic counted at the timing 330 is 10 mbps.

It can be seen that the statistical information shown in this embodiment includes different timings and traffic that occurs at different timings. It can be seen that if the data packet received by the UPF at the timing 320 carries the P frame from the terminal device A1, then the traffic at the timing 320 is the traffic of the P frame. If the data packet received by the UPF at the timing 330 is from the terminal The I frame of the device A1, then, the traffic of the timing 330 is the traffic of the I frame.

It can be seen that the statistical information shown in this embodiment includes the timing and flow of the data packets carrying I frames, the timing and flow of the data packets carrying P frames, and the timing and flow of the data packets carrying B frames. . It can be understood that the statistical information shown in this embodiment includes the timing when each data frame transmitted by the terminal device through the data packet appears on the UPF side and the traffic corresponding to the data frame.

It can be seen that UPF obtains different statistical information for data packets transmitted by different terminal devices, for example, as shown in Table 1 below:

Table 1

Identification of terminal equipment	Statistics
A1	B1
A2	B2
A3	B3

For example, the UPF receives data packets from three different terminal devices, and the identifiers of the three different terminal devices are A1, A2, and A3, respectively. The UPF obtains the statistical information B1 for the data packets from the terminal device with the identifier A1. For the specific description of the statistical information B1, please refer to the above, and the details will not be repeated, and so on. Get Statistics B3.

The statistical information collected for different terminal devices shown in this embodiment is used to determine whether network congestion occurs in the process of transmitting data packets from multiple terminal devices to the UPF.

Optionally, the UPF shown in this embodiment acquires statistical information when it is determined that a trigger condition is met. Various trigger conditions are optionally described below:

Trigger condition 1

The UPF presets a detection period, and the duration of the detection period is not limited in this embodiment, and the UPF acquires the statistical information once every detection period. In other examples, the UPF may also randomly acquire the statistical information once, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

Trigger Condition 2

The UPF determines that a new terminal device is connected to the UPF, and the UPF obtains the statistical information. For example, the UPF has connected M terminal devices, and the M terminal devices transmit data packets to the UPF via the base station. When the UPF determines that the M+1 th terminal device is connected to the UPF, the UPF determines that the triggering condition is satisfied, so as to determine that there is a newly connected terminal device in the UPF, and detect whether the network is congested.

Trigger condition 3

The UPF receives the congestion indication information from the media device, the media device is connected to the UPF, the data packets sent by the terminal device are sequentially transmitted to the media device via the base station and the UPF, and the media device is used to play the video data carried by the data packets. If an event such as video screen blur or freeze occurs during the process of playing the video data by the media device, the media device sends congestion indication information to the UPF, where the congestion indication information is used to instruct the UPF to obtain the statistical information.

Step 203: The UPF sends the respective statistical information of the multiple terminal devices to the MEP.

In this embodiment, when the UPF acquires the statistical information shown in Table 1, it can send the acquired statistical information of each terminal device to the MEP.

Step 204: The MEP acquires the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices.

When the MEP shown in this embodiment acquires the respective statistical information of multiple terminal devices, it can obtain the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices, where the traffic transmission information refers to the traffic of the data transmission of the terminal devices. cycle and the flow peak in the flow cycle. The traffic period may be a period of video encoding of the terminal device, for example, a multiple of the period in which the terminal device generates an I frame. The flow peak is the maximum flow in the flow period.

The traffic transmission information refers to the traffic cycle of the terminal device and the traffic peak in the traffic cycle during the data transmission process of the continuous multiple data frames encoded by the terminal device to the UPF.

The process of obtaining the traffic cycle by the MEP is explained: continue to refer to Fig. 3b, it can be seen from the above description that the traffic counted by the UPF at the timing 330 is greater than the traffic counted at the timing 320, then the data packets received at the timing 330 are carried. It is an I frame from the terminal device, and so on. If the data packet received by the UPF at the timing 340 is also an I frame from the terminal device, then the duration of the traffic cycle 350 is the start time of the timing 340 and the timing of the timing 330. duration between start moments.

The flow peak value in the flow period obtained by the MEP is described, wherein the flow peak value in the flow period refers to the flow corresponding to the peak frame transmitted through the flow period. Continuing to refer to Figure 3b, the flow peak value in the flow period 305 is the flow collected at opportunity 340 .

Step 205: The MEP judges whether the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices satisfies the congestion condition, and if so, executes step 206, and if not, returns to execute step 204.

The MEP shown in this embodiment can determine whether the respective traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices satisfies the congestion condition in the following optional ways:

way 1

The MEP shown in this embodiment determines the statistical time period. This embodiment does not limit the start and end times of the statistical time period, and this embodiment does not limit the duration of the statistical time period. For example, the duration of the statistical time period is greater than The duration of the traffic cycle for any end device.

For example, as shown in FIG. 4 , in the process of transmitting data frames from multiple terminal devices to the media device, the MEP determines the number of traffic peaks in the current statistical time period 401, and describes the media device. , please refer to the above description, and details will not be repeated.

There are two traffic cycles of the terminal device 411 in the current statistical time period 401, and each traffic cycle has a peak frame (that is, an I frame). It can be seen that for the terminal device 411, it appears in the current statistical time period The number of traffic spikes within 401 is two. The number of traffic cycles of the terminal device 412 in the current statistical time period 401 is three, and each traffic cycle has a peak frame (that is, an I frame). There are three traffic peaks in the period, and so on. It can be seen that the MEP can determine the target number, and the target number is the sum of all traffic peaks that appear in the current statistical time period 401 .

The MEP is preset with a congestion threshold, and when the MEP determines the target number that occurs in the current statistical time period 401 , the MEP determines whether the target number is greater than or equal to the congestion threshold. If the MEP determines that the target number is greater than or equal to the congestion threshold, the MEP determines that the respective traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices satisfies the congestion condition within the current statistical time period. If the MEP determines that the target number is less than the congestion threshold, the MEP determines that the respective traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices does not satisfy the congestion condition within the current statistical time period.

This embodiment does not limit the value of the congestion threshold. As long as the target number is greater than or equal to the congestion threshold within the current statistical time period, multiple terminal devices transmit data frames to the UPF during the process of transmitting data frames to the UPF. Congestion easily occurs. There is a positive correlation between the value of the congestion threshold and the duration of the statistical time period.

way 2

The MEP shown in this embodiment determines when the traffic peaks from different terminal devices appear. If the MEP determines that the traffic peaks appearing at the same time are greater than or equal to the traffic threshold, it determines that the congestion condition is satisfied.

For example, as shown in FIG. 3b, the MEP superimposes the traffic transmission information of the terminal device A1 and the traffic transmission information of the terminal device A2.

Refer to the coordinate system 312 shown in FIG. 3b for the specific process of superposition, and superimpose the peak traffic that occurs at the same timing. For example, for terminal device A1, a traffic peak occurs at timing 330, and the traffic peak is 9 mbps. For the terminal device A2, a traffic peak occurs at the same timing 330, and the traffic peak is 10 mbps. It can be seen that the peak traffic that occurs at this timing 330 after superposition is 19 mbps.

If the preset traffic threshold of the MEP is 10 mbps, and the MEP determines that the traffic peak (19 mbps) occurring at time 330 is greater than the traffic threshold (10 mbps), the MEP determines that the congestion condition is satisfied.

way 3

The MEP shown in this embodiment determines the timing of the occurrence of traffic peaks from different terminal devices. For the description of the timing of the occurrence of traffic peaks, please refer to Mode 2, and details are not repeated. If the MEP determines that the times when the traffic peaks of two or more terminal devices appear at least partially coincide, it is determined that the congestion condition is satisfied.

For example, as shown in FIG. 5 , the MEP determines the traffic peak 511 from the terminal device 510 and the traffic peak 521 from the terminal device 520 that meet preset conditions. The preset condition is that, on the time axis, the timing at which the flow peak 521 occurs is closest to the timing at which the flow peak 521 occurs.

Specifically, the timing when the traffic peak 511 occurs is the first time period 501 , the timing when the traffic peak 521 occurs is the second time period 502 , and the MEP determines the duration of the first time period 501 and the duration of the second time period 502 . The durations overlap or partially overlap. Continuing to refer to FIG. 5 , the start time of the first time segment 501 of the first time segment 501 is tn, and the end time of the duration of the first time segment 501 is tm. The start time of the second time period 502 is also tn, and the end time of the second time period 502 is also tm, which means that the duration of the first time period 501 and the duration of the second time period 502 are completely coincident. The MEP can then determine that the traffic transmission information from the terminal device 510 and the traffic transmission information from the terminal device 520 satisfy the congestion condition.

way 4

This mode shows that the MEP determines the respective traffic transmission information from multiple terminal devices, and when at least two of the above-mentioned modes 1 to 3 are satisfied at the same time, the MEP determines that the congestion condition is satisfied.

As shown in this embodiment, if the MEP determines that the respective traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices satisfies the congestion condition, it means that network congestion is likely to occur in the process of data transmission from multiple terminal devices to the UPF, and the execution of step 206 shown below is triggered. In order to avoid network congestion in the process of data transmission from multiple terminal devices to the UPF.

If the MEP determines that the respective traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices does not meet the congestion condition, it means that network congestion is unlikely to occur during the process of data transmission from multiple terminal devices to the UPF, and an optional execution method is to return to step 204. Thus, the MEP re-acquires the respective traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices via step 204 to re-determine whether the congestion condition is satisfied.

Step 206: The MEP sends a traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.

The MEP shown in this embodiment sends a flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device via the UPF and the base station, and the MEP changes the timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak sent by the first terminal device by sending the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal equipment. The first terminal device shown in this embodiment is a part or all of all terminal devices connected to the MEP.

Step 207: The first terminal device receives the traffic adjustment instruction from the MEP.

The first terminal device changes, according to the received traffic adjustment instruction, the timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak in the traffic cycle during the data transmission process.

Step 208: The first terminal device sends a data packet to the UPF according to the traffic adjustment instruction.

For better understanding, steps 206 to 208 are described in a unified manner as follows:

Referring to Fig. 6a below, the first terminal device 601 transmits a peak frame 611 to the UPF through the first traffic cycle, and the second terminal device 602 transmits a peak frame 612 to the UPF through the second traffic cycle, the peak frame 611 and the peak frame 612 All I-frames are taken as an example for illustrative description.

The timing of the appearance of the peak frame 611 coincides with the appearance of the peak frame 612, that is, on the UPF side, the appearance of the data packet carrying the peak frame 611 coincides with the appearance of the data packet carrying the peak frame 612, indicating that the first Network congestion is likely to occur during the data transmission process of the terminal device 601 and the second terminal device 602 to the UPF.

However, each peak frame from the first terminal device 601 and each peak frame from the second terminal device 602 are transmitted periodically. It can be seen that the timing of the peak frame 611 transmitted in the first traffic cycle is different from that in the second traffic cycle. When the timing of the peak frame 612 transmitted in the traffic cycle coincides, the timing of the peak frame 621 transmitted in the third traffic cycle and the peak frame 622 transmitted in the fourth traffic cycle will also occur. Overlapping occurs.

Wherein, on the time axis, the duration of the third flow period is later than the duration of the first flow period, and the duration of the fourth flow period is later than the duration of the second flow period. It can be seen that UPF first receives each data packet transmitted through the first traffic cycle, and then receives each data packet transmitted through the third traffic cycle. Similarly, UPF first receives each data packet transmitted through the second traffic cycle packets, then each data packet transmitted through the fourth traffic cycle is received.

In this embodiment, the third traffic cycle and the first traffic cycle are two adjacent traffic cycles from the first terminal device 601 as an example. In other examples, between the first traffic cycle and the third traffic cycle, the At intervals of one or more flow periods, for the description of the relationship between the second flow period and the fourth flow period, please refer to the description of the relationship between the first flow period and the third flow period, and details are not repeated.

To this end, in order to avoid network congestion in the peak frame 621 and the peak frame 622, the MEP can send a traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device 601. As shown in FIG. 6b, the first terminal device adjusts the peak value after receiving the traffic adjustment instruction. The timing at which the frame 621 appears is adjusted to ensure that the timing at which the peak frame 621 appears does not coincide with the timing at which the peak frame 622 appears on the UPF side.

The MEP shown in this embodiment may change the timing at which the peak frame 621 appears on the UPF side by changing the timing at which the first terminal device encodes the peak frame 621 .

The MEP shown in this embodiment may send the traffic adjustment instruction through 5G signaling or application layer messages.

Specifically, the 5G signaling may be non-access stratum signaling (NAS) signaling. The application layer message may be a message that conforms to the Open Network Video Interface Forum (ONVIF) standard or the information transmission, exchange, and control technical requirements (GB28181) standard for public safety video surveillance networking systems. This embodiment does not limit the message type of the traffic adjustment signaling and the standards it conforms to, as long as the traffic adjustment instruction is used to instruct the first terminal device to change the timing when the peak frame appears on the UPF side.

Several optional adjustment types of flow adjustment instructions are described below:

Type 1

The traffic adjustment instruction generated by the MEP shown in this example is used to instruct the first terminal device to start encoding the peak frame, and the first terminal device immediately starts encoding the peak frame after receiving the traffic adjustment instruction.

As shown in FIG. 6b, after the first terminal device 601 completes the transmission of the first traffic cycle, if it does not receive a traffic adjustment instruction from the UPF, the first terminal device 601 can continue to transmit low-peak frames (such as P frames or B frames to the UPF). frame), for example, the first terminal device 601 continuously transmits a P frame 634, a P frame 633, a P frame 632, and a P frame 631 to the UPF.

After the first terminal device 601 finishes encoding the P frame 631 and receives the traffic adjustment instruction from the MEP, the first terminal device 601 immediately starts encoding the peak frame 621 .

For the example shown in FIG. 6c, the first terminal device 601 receives the traffic from the MEP in the process of transmitting the first traffic cycle, that is, all the data frames included in the first traffic cycle have not been completely encoded. If the adjustment instruction is received, the first terminal device 601 immediately starts to encode the peak frame 621 .

For example, if the first traffic cycle transmits 50 data frames, after the first terminal device has transmitted the 45 data frames included in the first traffic cycle to the UPF, it has not completed the 46th data frame included in the first traffic cycle to the UPF. In the case of the 50th data frame, that is, receiving the traffic adjustment instruction from the MEP, the first terminal device starts to encode the peak frame 621 of the third traffic cycle. It can be seen that in this example, the first terminal device terminates the first terminal device. For data transmission in one traffic cycle, the data transmission process in the third traffic cycle begins.

It can be seen that, as shown in FIG. 6b or FIG. 6c, the peak frame 621 transmitted by the first terminal device through the third traffic cycle and the peak frame 622 transmitted by the second terminal device through the fourth traffic cycle, the timing that occurs on the UPF side If they do not overlap, network congestion will not occur during the data transmission process of the first terminal device 601 and the second terminal device 602 to the UPF.

The signaling format of the flow adjustment instruction in this example can be seen in Fig. 7a. It can be seen that the protocol header 711 included in the flow adjustment instruction is used to indicate the protocol used by the flow adjustment instruction. For example, the protocol header 711 uses to indicate that the traffic adjustment command is NAS signaling.

The instruction type 712 is used to instruct the first terminal device that receives the flow adjustment instruction to immediately start encoding the peak frame.

Type 2

The traffic adjustment instruction shown in type 1 is used to instruct the first terminal device to start encoding the peak frame, and the flow adjustment instruction shown in type 2 is used to instruct the first terminal device to encode the peak frame specific encoding timing. Specifically, the traffic adjustment instruction is used to instruct the first terminal device to specifically start encoding the peak frame at the encoding start time, so that the first terminal device starts encoding the peak frame when determining that the encoding start time arrives.

Referring also to Fig. 6b, when the first terminal device 601 receives the flow adjustment instruction, and the encoding start time indicated by the flow adjustment instruction has not yet arrived, the first terminal device 601 can continue to transmit low-peak frames to the UPF. (eg P frame or B frame), for example, the first terminal device 601 continuously transmits P frame 634 , P frame 633 , P frame 632 and P frame 631 to the UPF.

After the first terminal device 601 finishes encoding the P frame 631 and determines that the encoding start time has arrived, the first terminal device 601 immediately starts encoding the peak frame 621.

For the example shown in FIG. 6c, the first terminal device 601 is in the process of transmitting the first traffic cycle, that is, all data frames included in the first traffic cycle have not been completely encoded, and determines that the traffic adjustment instruction indicates When the encoding start time reaches, the first terminal device 601 immediately starts encoding the peak frame 621.

For example, if the first traffic cycle transmits 50 data frames, after the first terminal device has transmitted the 45 data frames included in the first traffic cycle to the UPF, it has not completed the 46th data frame included in the first traffic cycle to the UPF. In the case of encoding the 50th data frame, it is determined that the encoding start time indicated by the traffic adjustment instruction has arrived, and the first terminal device starts to encode the peak frame 621 of the third traffic cycle. It can be seen that in this example, the A terminal device terminates the data transmission in the first traffic cycle and starts the data transmission process in the third traffic cycle.

As shown in FIG. 6b or FIG. 6c, the peak frame 621 transmitted by the first terminal device through the third traffic cycle and the peak frame 622 transmitted by the second terminal device through the fourth traffic cycle do not coincide at the UPF side. , network congestion will not occur during the data transmission process of the first terminal device 601 and the second terminal device 602 to the UPF.

The signaling format of the traffic adjustment command in this example can be referred to as shown in FIG. 7b, and the description of the protocol header 721 included in the traffic adjustment command can be referred to as shown in FIG. 7a, and details are not repeated. The instruction type 722 is used to instruct the first terminal device to change the encoding start time at which the peak frame starts to be encoded, and the encoding time indication 723 is used to indicate the specific time of the encoding start time.

In Type 1 or Type 2, the MEP only sends the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device as an example for illustration. In other examples, the MEP may also send the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device and the second terminal device. , as long as the peak frame 621 transmitted by the first terminal device through the third traffic cycle and the peak frame 622 transmitted by the second terminal device through the fourth traffic cycle, the timings occurring on the UPF side do not coincide.

In this embodiment, the peak frame 621 transmitted by the first terminal device through the third traffic cycle and the peak frame 622 transmitted by the second terminal device through the fourth traffic cycle are not coincident on the UPF side as an example. In an example, it may also be ensured that the second coincidence duration is shorter than the first coincidence duration.

The first coincidence duration is the coincidence of the timing of the peak frame transmitted in the first traffic cycle and the peak frame transmitted in the second traffic cycle on the UPF side when the MEP has not sent the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device. duration. The second coincidence duration is the coincidence duration of the timing when the peak frame transmitted in the third traffic cycle and the peak frame transmitted in the fourth traffic cycle appear on the UPF side when the MEP has sent the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.

It can be seen that when the second coincidence duration is shorter than the first coincidence duration, the possibility of network congestion during the data transmission process by the first terminal device and the second terminal device to the UPF can be reduced.

Type 3

In type 1 or type 2, the flow adjustment instruction is used to instruct the first terminal device to start encoding the peak frame, while in type 3, the flow adjustment instruction can be used to instruct the first terminal device to send the peak frame sending time .

For example, the first terminal device buffers the generated peak frame, and when receiving the traffic adjustment instruction, the first terminal device sends the buffered peak frame to the UPF.

For another example, the first terminal device buffers the generated peak frame, and if the received traffic adjustment instruction includes the sending time, the first terminal starts to send the buffered peak to the UPF after determining that the sending time arrives. frame.

Type 4

The traffic adjustment instruction generated by the MEP shown in this example is used to adjust the timing of each peak frame received within the statistical time period.

For example, as shown in Fig. 8a, the MEP determines the traffic peak value 821 from the terminal device 811 in the current statistical time period 800. For details, please refer to Fig. 3b. The details are not repeated. The MEP also determines in the current statistical time period 800. The traffic peak value 822 of the terminal device 812, the traffic peak value 823 of the terminal device 813, the traffic peak value 824 of the terminal device 814, and the traffic peak value 825 of the terminal device 815. Description, details will not be repeated.

In the current statistical time period 800, the timings when the UPF receives the traffic peak value 823, the traffic peak value 824, and the traffic peak value 825 are completely coincident, and the timing when the UPF receives the traffic peak value 821 and the traffic peak value 822 are completely coincident. It can be seen that the terminal device 811 to the terminal device In the process of data transmission from 815 to UPF, network congestion is prone to occur.

To this end, the MEP may change the I-frames sent from some or all of the terminal devices shown in Figure 8a in the subsequent statistical time period by sending a traffic adjustment instruction to some or all of the terminal devices shown in Figure 8a. The timing of the corresponding traffic peak.

Referring to FIG. 8b, the MEP shown in this example may not match the timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak 835 from the terminal device 815, so as to ensure that on the time axis, the traffic peak 825 from the terminal device 815 is within the current statistical time period 800. The relative position is the same as the relative position of the traffic peak 835 from the terminal device 815 in the subsequent statistical time period 840 .

Wherein, on the time axis, the durations of the subsequent statistical time period 840 and the current statistical time period 800 are equal, and the start time of the subsequent statistical time period 840 is later than the end time of the current statistical time period 800 .

The MEP can send traffic adjustment instructions to the terminal device 811, the terminal device 812, the terminal device 813 and the terminal device 814 respectively, so that the traffic peak 831, the traffic peak 832, the traffic peak 833, the traffic peak 834 and the traffic peak 835 appear. The timings are evenly distributed in the subsequent statistical time period 840 . For example, the time interval between when the traffic peak 832 occurs and when the traffic peak 831 occurs is equal to the time interval between when the traffic peak 831 occurs and when the traffic peak 833 occurs, and so on.

In the case where the occurrence times of peak frames of multiple terminal devices are evenly distributed in the subsequent collection time, the utilization efficiency of network resources between the terminal devices and the UPF can be effectively improved.

For the description of the manner in which the MEP changes the occurrence timing of each traffic peak shown in FIG. 8b, reference may be made to any of the above types 1 to 3, and details are not repeated.

It should be clear that, in this embodiment, the description of the arrangement of the timing of the occurrence of each traffic peak shown in FIG. 8b in the subsequent statistical time period 840 is an optional example, which is not specifically limited, as long as any two different traffic peaks are used. The timings of the occurrence of the two traffic peaks do not need to overlap, or, the coincidence time of the occurrences of any two different traffic peaks in the subsequent statistical time period 840 is less than the coincidence time of any two different traffic peaks in the current statistical time period 800 The coincidence time of the timings appearing in .

In order to reduce the probability of network congestion, the MEP can also change the number of traffic peaks that appear in the subsequent statistical period 840, so as to ensure that the number of traffic peaks that appear in the subsequent statistical period 840 is smaller than that in the current statistical period. The number of traffic peaks in the time period 800, optionally, this embodiment can ensure that the number of traffic peaks that appear in the subsequent statistical time period 840 is less than the congestion threshold, so as to ensure that changes in the network transmission environment cause the terminal device to The delay of the I frame transmitted by the UPF can also effectively avoid network congestion.

After the first terminal device transmits the data frame that changes the timing of the traffic peak to the UPF, the UPF can transmit the data frame to the MEP, and the MEP transmits the data frame to the media device for playback.

It should be clear that the functions performed by the MEP shown in this embodiment can also be performed by any network element included in the core network shown in FIG. Repeat.

By using the method shown in this embodiment, network congestion can be effectively avoided without discarding the data frames transmitted by the terminal device, and events such as smearing and freezing of the video played by the media device can be effectively avoided. In addition, the present embodiment can flexibly adjust the timing when peak frames from multiple terminal devices appear on the UPF side, avoid concentrated transmission of peak frames transmitted by multiple terminal devices to the UPF, and effectively avoid network congestion. In this way, the utilization rate of network resources between the terminal device and the UPF can also be improved, thereby effectively improving the quality of service (QoS) of network resources.

Embodiment 2

Based on the communication system shown in FIG. 1 , the following describes the execution process of the data transmission method shown in this embodiment with reference to FIG. 9 , wherein FIG. 9 shows the steps of the second embodiment of the data transmission method provided by this application. flow chart.

Step 901, the UPF receives the respective data packets from multiple terminal devices.

Step 902, the UPF acquires statistical information.

Step 903: The UPF sends the respective statistical information of multiple terminal devices to the MEP.

Step 904: The MEP acquires the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices.

Step 905 , the MEP judges whether the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices satisfies the congestion condition, if yes, executes step 906 , if not, returns to execute step 904 .

Step 906: The MEP sends a traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.

Step 907: The first terminal device receives the traffic adjustment instruction from the MEP.

For the description of the execution process of step 901 to step 907 shown in this embodiment, please refer to step 201 to step 207 shown in FIG. 2 for details, and the specific execution process will not be repeated.

Step 908: The first terminal device sends subsequent data packets to the UPF according to the traffic adjustment instruction.

Step 909, the UPF receives subsequent data packets from the first terminal device.

The subsequent data packets shown in this embodiment are data packets transmitted to the UPF after the first terminal device adjusts the occurrence timing according to the traffic adjustment instruction.

Step 910, the UPF obtains subsequent statistical information.

For the specific process for the UPF to obtain the subsequent statistical information according to the subsequent data frame, please refer to the specific process for the UPF to obtain the statistical information according to the data frame shown in step 902, and details are not repeated. It can be seen that the subsequent statistical information includes the occurrence timing and flow of the subsequent data packets carrying the peak frame, and also includes the occurrence timing and flow of the subsequent data packets carrying the low-peak frame.

Step 911: The UPF sends the subsequent statistical information of the first terminal device to the MEP.

Step 912: The MEP acquires subsequent traffic transmission information of the first terminal device.

For the process of the MEP acquiring subsequent traffic transmission information according to the subsequent statistical information shown in this embodiment, please refer to the process of the MEP acquiring the traffic transmission information based on the statistical information shown in step 904, and details are not repeated.

Step 913 , the MEP determines whether the deviation between the first timing and the second timing when the target flow peak occurs is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, and if so, executes step 914 .

The target traffic peak value shown in this embodiment is the traffic corresponding to the peak frame from the first terminal device indicated by the traffic adjustment instruction shown in step 906 , and the first timing is the flow adjustment instruction generated by the MEP through step 906 . The indicated timing of the peak frame appears, it can be seen that the first timing is that the flow adjustment instruction has not been sent to the first terminal device. In order to avoid network congestion, the MEP hopes that the traffic peak corresponding to the peak frame of the first terminal device will pass through the first terminal device. The timing that appears on the UPF side after the flow adjustment command is adjusted.

The second timing is the timing that occurs after the first terminal device receives the flow adjustment instruction and adjusts the occurrence timing of the target flow peak and transmits it to the UPF side. It can be seen that the second timing is that the flow adjustment instruction has been sent. To the first terminal device, after the first terminal device has completed the adjustment of the occurrence timing of the peak frame according to the flow adjustment instruction, the timing that appears on the UPF side.

The deviation between the first timing and the second timing shown in this embodiment may be the difference between the starting timing of the first timing and the starting timing of the second timing, or the difference between the first timing and the second timing. The deviation may be the difference between the end time of the first opportunity and the end time of the second opportunity, or the deviation between the first opportunity and the second opportunity may be the end time of the first opportunity and the end time of the second opportunity The difference between the start times of the timings is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

When the deviation between the first timing and the second timing is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, it means that the adjustment of the timing of the peak frame occurrence by the first terminal device does not meet the requirements of the MEP. In order to avoid network congestion, Then, the MEP sends the subsequent flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device again.

For the description of the subsequent flow adjustment instruction, please refer to the description of the first flow adjustment instruction shown in Embodiment 1, as long as the subsequent flow adjustment instruction can adjust the occurrence timing of the peak frame of the first terminal device again.

Step 914: The MEP sends a subsequent traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.

Step 915: The first terminal device receives the subsequent traffic adjustment instruction from the MEP.

Step 916: The first terminal device sends a data packet to the UPF according to the subsequent flow adjustment instruction.

For the description of the execution process of step 914 to step 916 shown in this embodiment, please refer to the description of the execution process of step 906 to step 908, and details are not repeated in this embodiment.

The functions performed by the MEP shown in this embodiment may also be performed by the UPF, or performed by any network element included in the core network shown in FIG. 1 , and details are not repeated in this embodiment.

With the method shown in this embodiment, after the MEP sends the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device, it can also determine that the first terminal device performs the adjustment according to the flow adjustment by detecting the deviation between the first timing and the second timing. Whether the timing can effectively avoid network congestion, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of network congestion, and improving the accuracy of adjusting the timing of each peak frame transmitted by each terminal device to the UPF.

Embodiment 3

Based on the communication system shown in FIG. 1 , the execution process of the data transmission method provided by this embodiment is exemplarily described below with reference to FIG. 10 , wherein FIG. 10 is the third step of the data transmission method provided by the present application. A flow chart of the steps of this embodiment.

Step 1001, the UPF receives the respective data packets from multiple terminal devices.

For the execution process of steps 1001 to 1001 shown in this embodiment, please refer to steps 201 to 201 shown in FIG. 2 for details, and the specific execution process will not be repeated.

Step 1002, the UPF transmits the respective data packets of multiple terminal devices to the MEP.

The UPF shown in this embodiment forwards the respective data packets from multiple terminal devices to the MEP.

Step 1003, the MEP acquires statistical information.

For the description of the specific process of the MEP acquiring statistical information shown in this embodiment, please refer to the description of the specific process of the UPF acquiring statistical information shown in step 202 shown in FIG. 2 , and the specific execution process will not be repeated in this embodiment.

Step 1004: The MEP acquires the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices.

Step 1005: The MEP judges whether the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices satisfies the congestion condition, if so, executes step 1006, and if not, returns to execute step 1004.

Step 1006: The MEP sends a traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.

Step 1007: The first terminal device receives a traffic adjustment instruction from the MEP.

Step 1008: The first terminal device sends a data packet to the UPF according to the traffic adjustment instruction.

For the description of the execution process of step 1006 to step 1008 shown in this embodiment, please refer to the description of step 206 to step 208, and details are not repeated.

Comparing the first embodiment and the third embodiment, it can be seen that in the first embodiment, the UPF obtains the statistical information according to the received data packets, while the MEP obtains the statistical information directly as shown in this embodiment, and the UPF only needs to Data packets from multiple terminal devices can be transmitted to the MEP.

The functions performed by the MEP shown in this embodiment may also be performed by any network element included in the core network shown in FIG. 1 , which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

For the description of the beneficial effects shown in this embodiment, please refer to Embodiment 1 above for details, and details are not repeated in this embodiment.

Embodiment 4

Based on the communication system shown in FIG. 1 , the execution process of the data transmission method provided by this embodiment is exemplarily described below with reference to FIG. 11 , wherein FIG. 11 is the fourth step of the data transmission method provided by this application. A flow chart of the steps of this embodiment.

Step 1101: The UPF receives the respective data packets from multiple terminal devices.

Step 1102: The UPF acquires respective statistical information of multiple terminal devices.

For the description of the execution process of step 1101 to step 1102 shown in this embodiment, please refer to the description of the execution process shown in step 201 to step 203 shown in FIG. 2 , and details are not repeated.

Step 1103: The UPF acquires the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices.

Step 1104: The UPF judges whether the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices satisfies the congestion condition, if yes, executes step 1105, if not, returns to execute step 1103.

Step 1105: The UPF sends a traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.

For the description of the process of performing steps 1103 to 1105 by the UPF shown in this embodiment, please refer to the description of the process of performing steps 204 to 206 by the MEP shown in FIG.

Step 1106: The first terminal device receives the traffic adjustment instruction from the UPF.

Step 1107: The first terminal device sends a data packet to the UPF according to the traffic adjustment instruction.

For the description of the execution process of the UPF execution steps 1106 to 1107 shown in this embodiment, please refer to the description of the MEP execution process shown in the steps 207 to 208 shown in FIG. 2 , and the specific execution process is not described in this embodiment. Repeat.

For the description of the beneficial effects shown in this embodiment, please refer to Embodiment 1 above for details, and details are not repeated in this embodiment.

Embodiment 5

This embodiment describes the structure of a network device that performs the above data transmission method with reference to FIG. 12 : the network device shown in this embodiment may be the UPF or MEP shown in the foregoing embodiment.

The electronic device 1200 specifically includes: a processing unit 1201 and a transceiving unit 1202 , wherein the processing unit 1201 is connected to the transceiving unit 1202 .

If the electronic device 1200 shown in this embodiment is a UPF, the processing unit 1201 is configured to execute the processing functions performed by the UPF in any of the first to fourth embodiments. The transceiver unit 1202 is configured to perform the transceiver function performed by the UPF in any of the first to fourth embodiments.

If the electronic device 1200 shown in this embodiment is an MEP, the processing unit 1201 is configured to execute the processing functions performed by the MEP in any of the first to fourth embodiments. The transceiver unit 1202 is configured to perform the transceiver function performed by the MEP in any of the first to fourth embodiments.

If the electronic device 1200 shown in this embodiment is a terminal device, the processing unit 1201 is configured to execute the processing functions performed by the terminal device in any of the first to fourth embodiments. The transceiver unit 1202 is configured to perform the transceiver function performed by the terminal device in any of the first to fourth embodiments.

Embodiment 6

13 , from the perspective of physical hardware, the structure of an electronic device for executing the above data transmission method is described in this embodiment. shown UPF, MEP or terminal equipment.

The electronic device specifically includes: a processor 1301 , a memory 1302 , a bus 1303 , a transceiver 1304 and a network interface 1306 .

Specifically, memory 1302 may include computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory and/or random access memory. Memory 1302 may store operating systems, application programs, other program modules, executable code, and program data.

The transceiver 1304 can be used to input commands and information to the electronic device, and the transceiver 1304 can be connected to the processor 1301 through the bus 1303 . Transceiver 1304 may also be used for electronic device output information, such as the selected placeholder server and/or placeholder virtual machine.

The electronic device may be connected to a communication network through the network interface 1306, and in a networked environment, the computer-implemented instructions stored in the electronic device may be stored in a remote storage device, not limited to local storage.

When the processor 1301 in the electronic device executes the executable code or application program stored in the memory 1302, the electronic device can perform the method operation of any one of the above method embodiments. For the specific execution process, refer to the above method embodiments, here No longer.

As mentioned above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand: The technical solutions described in the embodiments are modified, or some technical features thereof are equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (17)

1. A method for data transmission, characterized in that the method comprises:

   The network device acquires respective traffic transmission information from multiple terminal devices, where the traffic transmission information includes a traffic cycle of data transmission by the terminal device and a traffic peak in the traffic cycle;

   determining, by the network device, a traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices, where the traffic adjustment instruction is used by the first terminal device to change the timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak;

   The network device sends the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices, the method further comprises:

   The network device determines that the traffic peak value of data transmission in the current statistical time period is greater than or equal to the congestion threshold.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the traffic adjustment instruction is used to adjust the number of the traffic peaks that appear in the subsequent statistical time period to be smaller than the congestion threshold.
4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the duration of the statistical time period is greater than the duration of the flow period.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices, the method further comprises: :

   The network device determines that the times when the traffic peak of the first terminal device and the traffic peak of the second terminal device occur at least partially coincide.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein after the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices, the method further comprises: :

   The network device determines that the times when the traffic peak of the first terminal device and the traffic peak of the second terminal device occur do not coincide.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the traffic of the I frame is the traffic peak.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices, the method further comprises: :

   receiving, by the network device, respective data packets from the plurality of terminal devices;

   The network device acquires the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices according to the statistical information, where the statistical information includes the occurrence timing of the peak frame and the traffic of the peak frame.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices, the method further comprises: :

   The network device receives the respective traffic transmission information from the plurality of terminal devices of the user plane function UPF.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the sending, by the network device, the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device comprises:

    The network device sends the traffic adjustment instruction through 5G signaling or an application layer message.
11. A method for data transmission, characterized in that the method comprises:

    The terminal device receives the traffic adjustment instruction from the network device;

    The terminal device changes, according to the flow adjustment instruction, the timing of the occurrence of the flow peak in the flow period during the data transmission process;

    The terminal device transmits data to the network device.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein when the terminal device changes the data transmission process according to the traffic adjustment instruction, the timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak in the traffic cycle comprises:

    The terminal device starts to encode the peak frame of the terminal device according to the traffic adjustment instruction.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein when the terminal device changes the data transmission process according to the traffic adjustment instruction, the timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak in the traffic cycle includes:

    The terminal device changes the encoding timing of the peak frame of the terminal device according to the traffic adjustment instruction.
14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the peak frame is an I frame, and the traffic of the I frame is the traffic peak.
15. A network device, characterized in that it comprises a memory and a transceiver respectively coupled to a processor, wherein computer program codes are stored in the memory, and the processor calls and executes the computer program codes in the memory, so that the The processor performs the processing-related steps of any of claims 1-10, and the transceiver is configured to perform the transceiving-related steps of any of the claims 1-10.
16. A terminal device, characterized in that it comprises a memory and a transceiver respectively coupled to a processor, wherein computer program codes are stored in the memory, and the processor calls and executes the computer program codes in the memory, so that the The processor performs the processing-related steps of any of claims 11-14, and the transceiver is configured to perform the transceiving-related steps of any of the claims 11-14.
17. A communication system, characterized in that it includes a network device and a terminal device, the network device is as described in claim 15 , and the terminal device is as described in claim 16 .

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