CN117063463A

CN117063463A - Data transmission method, related equipment and communication system

Info

Publication number: CN117063463A
Application number: CN202180096144.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗鹏; 刘楚腾; 杨鑫睿; 林霖; 苏敏
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-03-23
Filing date: 2021-03-23
Publication date: 2023-11-14
Also published as: WO2022198464A1

Abstract

The invention discloses a data transmission method, related equipment and a communication system, which are used for effectively avoiding network congestion in the data transmission process, wherein the method comprises the steps that network equipment acquires flow transmission information from each of a plurality of terminal equipment, and the flow transmission information comprises a flow period of data transmission of the terminal equipment and a flow peak value in the flow period; the network equipment determines a flow adjustment instruction of a first terminal equipment according to the flow transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal equipment, wherein the flow adjustment instruction is used for the first terminal equipment to change the occurrence time of the flow peak; and the network equipment sends the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal equipment.

Description

Data transmission method, related equipment and communication system

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of multimedia technologies, and in particular, to a data transmission method, a related device, and a communication system.

Background

With the development of multimedia transmission technology, the scale of video users and the video code rate are rapidly increased, so that huge video transmission flow is brought, and the transmission network is inevitably congested.

In order to alleviate congestion of the transmission network, when the transmission device transmits the video stream, part of the video frames are selectively discarded according to the frame types of the video frames included in the video stream. Wherein the video stream is made up of a series of groups of pictures (group of pictures, GOP). A GOP may typically include an I-frame (inter frame) and one or more other types of video frames, such as B-frames (bi-predictive frames), P-frames (predictive frames), etc. The video data in each video frame may be encapsulated into a plurality of data packets. When congestion occurs in the transmission network, the data packet of the encapsulated B frame is discarded preferentially, the data packet of the encapsulated P frame is discarded, and the data packet of the encapsulated I frame is discarded finally.

However, the loss of the data packet may affect the video picture of the media device, so that events such as screen display, blocking, etc. of the video picture occur on the media device side.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a data transmission method, related equipment and a communication system, which are used for avoiding network congestion in the data transmission process.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for data transmission, where the method includes: the method comprises the steps that network equipment obtains flow transmission information from each of a plurality of terminal equipment, wherein the flow transmission information comprises a flow period of data transmission of the terminal equipment and a flow peak value in the flow period; the network equipment determines a flow adjustment instruction of a first terminal equipment according to the flow transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal equipment, wherein the flow adjustment instruction is used for the first terminal equipment to change the occurrence time of the flow peak; and the network equipment sends the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal equipment.

Therefore, by adopting the method, the events such as screen display, blocking and the like of the video played by the media equipment can be effectively avoided without discarding the data frames transmitted by the terminal equipment. The network device can flexibly adjust the time when the flow peak value from each of the plurality of terminal devices appears at the network device side, so that the transmission of the flow peak value transmitted by the plurality of terminal devices to the network device is avoided, and the utilization rate of network resources between the terminal device and the network device can be improved under the condition of effectively avoiding network congestion.

By adopting the method, the situation that the network is degenerated and deteriorated due to the fact that the flow peaks transmitted to the network equipment by the plurality of terminal equipment occur in the same time period can be effectively avoided.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the flow adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the flow transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices, the method further includes: the network device determines that a traffic peak value of data transmission in a current statistical time period is greater than or equal to a congestion threshold value or that the number of times of occurrence of the traffic peak value of the data transmission in the current statistical time period is greater than or equal to the congestion threshold value.

Therefore, the transmission conditions of the data packets transmitted by the plurality of terminal devices to the network device are pre-judged, and if the number of the data transmission flow peaks in the current statistical time period is larger than or equal to the congestion threshold value, the transmission conditions of the plurality of data packets are detected to generate the flow adjustment command, so that unnecessary expenditure caused by frequent generation of the flow adjustment command is avoided.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the flow adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the flow transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices, the method further includes: the network equipment presets a detection period, and the network equipment acquires a flow adjustment instruction once every detection period.

Therefore, the flow adjustment instructions are periodically acquired for the data packets transmitted by the plurality of terminal devices, so that the network congestion condition can be timely found.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the flow adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the flow transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices, the method further includes: and the network equipment determines that the new terminal equipment is connected to the network equipment, and the network equipment acquires a flow adjustment instruction once.

Therefore, in the case that the network device is connected by the new terminal device, the network device immediately acquires the flow adjustment instruction once, so as to avoid network congestion caused by data transmission of the new terminal device.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the flow adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the flow transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices, the method further includes: the network device receives congestion indication information from the media device, wherein the congestion indication information is used for indicating the media device to play events such as picture screen display, blocking and the like of data from a plurality of terminal devices.

Therefore, when the network device shown in the scheme determines that the video played by the media device has the events such as screen display, blocking and the like, the network device immediately acquires a flow adjustment instruction once so as to adjust the network with congestion. And the picture screen and the blocking of the media equipment in the process of playing the video later are avoided.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the flow adjustment instruction is configured to adjust the number of flow peaks occurring in the subsequent statistical period to be less than the congestion threshold.

It can be seen that the number of flow peaks in the subsequent statistical period is smaller than the congestion threshold, so that congestion is effectively avoided in the process that the plurality of terminal devices transmit data frames to the network device through the subsequent statistical period.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, a duration of the statistical period is greater than a duration of the traffic cycle.

Therefore, based on the statistical time period with the duration longer than the duration of the traffic cycle of all the terminal devices, the acquired traffic adjustment instruction can accurately acquire whether network congestion occurs, and further accuracy of adjusting the time when the traffic peak of the terminal device with the congestion occurs is improved.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the flow adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the flow transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices, the method further includes: the network device determines that the flow peak of the first terminal device and the time when the flow peak of the second terminal device appears at least partially coincide.

Therefore, when the network device determines that the time when the traffic peak value of the first terminal device and the traffic peak value of the second terminal device appear at least partially coincide, it is indicated that network congestion is likely to occur in the process of data transmission between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, and the network congestion of the subsequent first terminal device and the second terminal device in the data transmission process is effectively avoided by adjusting the time when the traffic peak value of the first terminal device appears.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, after the network device determines the flow adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the flow transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices, the method further includes: and the network equipment determines that the time when the flow peak value of the first terminal equipment and the flow peak value of the second terminal equipment appear is not coincident.

Therefore, when the network device adjusts the flow peak value of the first terminal device and the flow peak value of the second terminal device to the condition that the respective occurrence time is completely misaligned, the adjustment of network congestion is effectively realized.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, after the network device determines the flow adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the flow transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices, the method further includes: before the network device determines that the network device sends a flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device, the coincidence time of the flow peak value of the first terminal device and the time when the flow peak value of the second terminal device appears is smaller than the coincidence time of the time when the flow peak value of the first terminal device and the time when the flow peak value of the second terminal device appears after the first terminal device adjusts the flow peak value according to the flow adjustment instruction.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the traffic of the I frame is the traffic peak.

Therefore, the network device can improve the efficiency and accuracy of adjusting the network congestion by adjusting the time of the first terminal device with the largest traffic I frame. The moment of the I frame transmitted by each terminal device is not coincident or only a small amount of flow is coincident, so that network congestion is not caused.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the traffic adjustment instruction is configured to instruct the first terminal device to start encoding a peak frame (encoding generates a peak frame), where the peak frame is an I frame.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the signaling format of the flow adjustment instruction includes a protocol header and an instruction type, where the protocol header is used to indicate a protocol used by the flow adjustment instruction, and the instruction type is used to indicate the first terminal device that receives the flow adjustment instruction, and immediately starts encoding the peak frame.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the flow adjustment instruction is configured to instruct the first terminal device to perform the encoding on the peak frame at a specific encoding occasion. Specifically, the flow adjustment instruction is configured to instruct the first terminal device to specifically start encoding the peak frame at an encoding start time, so that the first terminal device starts encoding the peak frame when determining that the encoding start time arrives.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the signaling format of the flow adjustment instruction includes a protocol header, an instruction type, and an encoding time indication, where the protocol header is used to indicate a protocol used by the flow adjustment instruction, the instruction type is used to indicate that the first terminal device changes an encoding start time for starting encoding the peak frame, and the encoding time indication is used to indicate a specific time of the encoding start time.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the flow adjustment instruction is configured to instruct the first terminal device to send a sending time of the peak frame.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the time when the flow peak corresponding to the peak frame of the plurality of terminal devices appears is uniformly distributed in the subsequent acquisition time.

Therefore, under the condition that the flow peak corresponding to the peak frames of the plurality of terminal devices appears at the same time and is uniformly distributed in the subsequent acquisition time, the utilization efficiency of network resources between the terminal devices and the network devices is effectively improved.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the flow adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the flow transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices, the method further includes: the network device receives data packets from each of the plurality of terminal devices; the network equipment acquires the flow transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal equipment according to statistical information, wherein the statistical information comprises the occurrence time of a peak frame and the flow of the peak frame.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the flow adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the flow transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices, the method further includes: the network device receives traffic transmission information from each of the plurality of terminal devices of the user plane function UPF.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the sending, by the network device, the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device includes: the network device sends the flow adjustment instruction through 5G signaling or application layer message.

Wherein the 5G signaling may be non-access stratum NAS signaling. The application layer message may be a message conforming to the ONVIF standard or to the GB28181 standard.

Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, after the network device sends the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device, the method further includes: the network equipment receives a subsequent data packet from the first terminal equipment, acquires subsequent statistical information, acquires subsequent flow transmission information of the first terminal equipment, judges whether deviation between a first moment and a second moment of a flow peak corresponding to a peak frame is larger than or equal to a preset threshold value or not, and if yes, sends a subsequent flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal equipment.

The peak frame is any peak frame from the first terminal device indicated by the flow adjustment instruction, the first time is a time when a flow peak corresponding to the peak frame indicated by the flow adjustment instruction generated by the network device occurs, and the second time is a time when the first terminal device receives the flow adjustment instruction, adjusts the time when the flow peak corresponding to the peak frame occurs, and transmits the time to the network device side.

Based on the first aspect, in an alternative implementation manner, the deviation between the first timing and the second timing may be a difference between a start time of the first timing and a start time of the second timing, or the deviation between the first timing and the second timing may be a difference between an end time of the first timing and an end time of the second timing, or the deviation between the first timing and the second timing may be a difference between an end time of the first timing and a start time of the second timing.

When the deviation between the first time and the second time is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the first terminal device is not consistent with the requirement of the network device for adjusting the time of the flow peak corresponding to the peak frame, and network congestion is easy to occur.

After the network device sends the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device, whether the first terminal device can effectively avoid network congestion according to the time adjusted by the flow adjustment execution can be determined by detecting the deviation of the first time and the second time, so that the occurrence of network congestion is effectively avoided, and the accuracy of adjusting the time at which the flow peak corresponding to each peak frame transmitted to the network device by each terminal device occurs is improved.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for data transmission, where the method includes: the terminal equipment receives a flow adjustment instruction from the network equipment; the terminal equipment changes the time when the flow peak value in the flow period appears in the data transmission process according to the flow adjustment instruction; the terminal device transmits data to the network device.

For a description of the beneficial effects shown in this aspect, please refer to the first aspect described above, and details are not repeated in this aspect.

Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the changing, by the terminal device, the timing of occurrence of a traffic peak in a traffic cycle in a data transmission process according to the traffic adjustment instruction includes: and the terminal equipment starts to encode the peak frame of the terminal equipment according to the flow adjustment instruction.

Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the changing, by the terminal device, the timing of occurrence of a traffic peak in a traffic cycle in a data transmission process according to the traffic adjustment instruction includes: and the terminal equipment changes the coding time of the peak frame of the terminal equipment according to the flow adjustment instruction.

Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the peak frame is an I frame, and a traffic of the I frame is the traffic peak.

Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the traffic adjustment instruction is configured to instruct the terminal device to start encoding a peak frame, where the peak frame is an I frame.

Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the signaling format of the flow adjustment instruction includes a protocol header and an instruction type, where the protocol header is used to indicate a protocol used by the flow adjustment instruction, and the instruction type is used to indicate a terminal device that receives the flow adjustment instruction, and coding of a peak frame is started immediately.

Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the signaling format of the flow adjustment instruction includes a protocol header, an instruction type, and an encoding time indication, where the protocol header is used to indicate a protocol used by the flow adjustment instruction, the instruction type is used to instruct the terminal device to change an encoding start time for starting encoding the peak frame, and the encoding time indication is used to indicate a specific time of the encoding start time.

Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the flow adjustment instruction is configured to instruct a sending time at which the terminal device sends the peak frame.

In a third aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a network device comprising a memory and a transceiver, each coupled to a processor, the memory having stored therein computer program code, the processor invoking and executing the computer program code in the memory to cause the processor to perform the steps associated with processing as in any of the first aspects described above, the transceiver being for performing the steps associated with transceiving as in any of the first aspects described above.

In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal device, including a memory and a transceiver respectively coupled to a processor, the memory having stored therein computer program code, the processor invoking and executing the computer program code in the memory, causing the processor to perform the steps associated with processing as in any of the second aspects described above, and the transceiver being for performing the steps associated with transceiving as in any of the second aspects described above.

In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a communication system, including a network device, where the network device is as described in the third aspect, and a terminal device, where the terminal device is as described in the fourth aspect.

In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a communication system, including a user plane function UPF and a first terminal device, where the UPF is configured to: acquiring flow transmission information from each of a plurality of terminal devices, wherein the flow transmission information comprises a flow period of data transmission of the terminal device and a flow peak value in the flow period; determining a flow adjustment instruction of a first terminal device according to the flow transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices, wherein the flow adjustment instruction is used for the first terminal device to change the occurrence time of the flow peak; and sending the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal equipment.

In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a communication system, including a user plane function UPF, a multi-access edge platform MEP, and a first terminal device;

the user plane function UPF is used for receiving respective data packets from the plurality of terminal devices; and acquiring the flow transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices according to statistical information, wherein the statistical information comprises the occurrence time of a peak frame and the flow of the peak frame.

The multi-access edge platform MEP is configured to receive traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices from the user plane function UPF, and is further configured to: determining a flow adjustment instruction of a first terminal device according to the flow transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices, wherein the flow adjustment instruction is used for the first terminal device to change the occurrence time of the flow peak; and sending the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal equipment.

In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, including a user plane function UPF, a multi-access edge platform MEP, and a first terminal device;

the user plane function UPF is configured to receive respective data packets from the plurality of terminal devices, and transmit respective data of the plurality of terminal devices to a multi-access edge platform MEP, where the multi-access edge platform MEP is configured to obtain respective traffic transmission information of the plurality of terminal devices according to statistical information, the statistical information includes a timing of occurrence of a peak frame and a traffic of the peak frame, and determine a traffic adjustment instruction of a first terminal device according to the respective traffic transmission information of the plurality of terminal devices, where the traffic adjustment instruction is configured to change the timing of occurrence of the traffic peak by the first terminal device; and sending the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal equipment.

In a ninth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, is capable of carrying out the method of any one of the first to second aspects.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example network architecture of a communication system according to the present application;

Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for data transmission according to a first embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3a is a diagram illustrating a first scenario in a data transmission process according to the present application;

FIG. 3b is a diagram illustrating a second scenario in a data transmission process according to the present application;

fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a third scenario in the data transmission process according to the present application;

fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a fourth scenario in the data transmission process according to the present application;

fig. 6a is a diagram illustrating a fifth scenario in the data transmission process according to the present application;

fig. 6b is a diagram illustrating a sixth scenario in the data transmission process according to the present application;

fig. 6c is a diagram illustrating a seventh scenario in the data transmission process according to the present application;

fig. 7a is a diagram illustrating a first signaling format of a flow adjustment instruction according to the present application;

fig. 7b is a diagram illustrating an example of a second signaling format of a flow adjustment command according to the present application;

fig. 8a is a diagram illustrating an eighth scenario in a data transmission process according to the present application;

fig. 8b is a diagram illustrating a ninth scenario in the data transmission process according to the present application;

fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for data transmission according to a second embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 10 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for data transmission according to a third embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a fourth exemplary method for data transmission according to the present application;

fig. 12 is a structural example diagram of a first embodiment of an electronic device according to the present application;

fig. 13 is a structural example diagram of a second embodiment of an electronic device according to the present application.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments.

The structure of a communication system to which the data transmission method provided by the present application is applied will be described with reference to fig. 1:

as shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a network architecture of a communication system according to the present application, and this embodiment takes a network of the communication system as a fifth generation mobile communication technology (5th generation mobile networks,5G) network as an example. The description of the network type of the communication system according to the present embodiment is an optional example, and for example, in other examples, the network type of the communication system may be a fourth generation mobile communication technology (4th generation mobile networks,4G) network, an internet of things (internet of things, IOT), a wireless communication technology (the 802.11b standard for wireless networking,WiFi), or the like.

The 5G network shown in this embodiment includes a plurality of terminal devices, and the specific device types of the terminal devices are not limited in this embodiment, for example, the terminal devices may be mobile phones, internet of things devices, smart home devices, industrial control devices, vehicle devices, and the like. The Terminal device may also be referred to as a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Station (Mobile Station), a Mobile Station (Mobile), a Remote Station (Remote Station), a Remote Terminal (Remote Terminal), an Access Terminal (Access Terminal), a Terminal device (User Terminal), a User Agent (User Agent), which are not limited herein. The terminal device may also be a car in car-to-car (V2V) communication, a machine in machine type communication, etc. The present application will be exemplarily described below taking an apparatus type of a terminal apparatus as an IP Camera terminal (IPC) as an example.

The 5G network includes a base station 120, and terminal devices (e.g., terminal devices 101 and 102) may be directly connected to the base station 120, or terminal devices (e.g., terminal device 103) may be connected to the base station 120 through a 5G router 110. The base station 120 is configured to provide wireless communication functions for the terminal device. Base station 120 may include various forms of base stations such as: macro base stations, micro base stations (also referred to as small stations), relay stations, access points, and the like.

The base station 120 is connected to a user plane function (user plane function, UPF) network element 130, where the UPF network element 130 can implement functions such as forwarding, statistics, and detection of data from the terminal device. A UPF network element may also be referred to as a UPF device or UPF entity.

In this embodiment, each terminal device may be disposed in a monitoring area such as an industrial park, a mine, or a port, and a plurality of terminal devices are connected to the base station 120, and the base station 120 transmits a data packet from each terminal device to the UPF 130.

The core network 140 is connected to the UPF network element 130, and the network elements included in the core network 140 may be as follows:

an access and mobility management function (access and mobility management function, AMF) network element, a session management function (session management function, SMF) network element, an authentication service function (authentication server function, AUSF) network element, an application function (application function, AF), unified data management (unified data management, UDM), a policy control function (policy control function, PCF), an NF storage function (NF Repository Function, NRF) and a network opening function (network exposure function, NEF), etc. Wherein the above network element may be referred to as a device.

The 5G network shown in this embodiment may further include a multi-access edge platform (MEP) 150 connected to the UPF network element 130. MEP150 is a virtualized infrastructure abstracted from one or more network elements included in the core network, running applications on MEP150 and enabling it to provide and use the set of basic functions required for multi-access edge services. Wherein the MEP150 may be deployed with the UPF 130.

Optionally, MEP150 is also used to provide hosting of multi-access edge services, receive domain name system (domain name system, DNS) records, and configure DNS proxies/servers. Exemplary, the multiple access edge service includes: information providing service, positioning service, bandwidth management service, etc.

Example 1

Based on the communication system shown in fig. 1, the following describes an exemplary implementation procedure of the method for data transmission provided in this embodiment in conjunction with fig. 2, where fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a first embodiment of the method for data transmission provided in this embodiment.

Step 201, the UPF receives data packets from each of the plurality of terminal devices.

Each terminal device shown in this embodiment collects video data, and sends a data packet to the UPF.

In this embodiment, the cameras of each terminal device collect video, and then periodically encode the collected video to obtain I-frame, B-frame and P-frame data. Wherein, all video frames included between every two I frames form a GOP, and the number of frames included in a GOP is called GOP length, for example, the length of a GOP encoded and output by a video encoder is 50, which means that the number of frames included in the GOP is 50, it can be seen that the video stream encoded and output by the video encoder includes a plurality of consecutive GOPs, the first video frame of each GOP is an I frame, and the subsequent 49 video frames include P frames and B frames. In addition, the coding standard adopted by the video encoder can be: h.264/advanced video coding (advanced video coding, AVC), h.265/high efficiency video coding (high efficiency video coding, HEVC) or h.266/next generation video codec standard (versatile video coding, VVC), the description of the coding standard in this embodiment is an optional example, and is not limited.

As shown in fig. 3a, the terminal device 301 generates an I frame and a plurality of B/P frames included in the first GOP during the current coding period, and encapsulates the video frames into data packets, and sends the data packets to the base station through the current traffic period, and the base station forwards the data packets to the UPF, which will receive the data packets. Similarly, the terminal device 301 generates an I frame and a plurality of B/P frames included in the second GOP in the next encoding period, encapsulates the video frames in data packets, sends the data packets to the base station through the next traffic period, and forwards the data packets to the UPF, which will receive the data packets. On the time axis, the current encoding period is adjacent to the next encoding period, and the duration of the current encoding period is earlier than the duration of the next encoding period.

In this embodiment, the terminal device encapsulates the video frame in the data packet, and takes sending to the UPF as an example for illustration, in other examples, the terminal device may encapsulate other types of data frames in the data packet, and the type of the data frame is not limited in this embodiment.

Since the data amount of the I frame is greater than the data amount of the B/P frame, the number of the I frame data packets sent by the terminal device in the traffic cycle is greater than the number of the B/P frame data packets, where the I frame data packets are data packets for carrying video data included in the I frame, the B frame data packets are data packets for carrying video data included in the B frame, and the P frame data packets are data packets for carrying video data included in the P frame.

Specifically, the terminal device 301 transmits a first GOP in the current traffic cycle and a second GOP in the next traffic cycle. On the time axis, the first current flow period is adjacent to the next flow period. The I frame is a peak frame, and the P frame and the B frame are low peak frames, where the peak frame is a video frame with the largest corresponding traffic in a traffic cycle. The low peak frame refers to a video frame in which the corresponding traffic is smaller than the traffic of the peak frame in one traffic cycle.

Also on the time axis, the relative positions of the peak frames in different traffic cycles are the same, e.g. in the current traffic cycle the first video frame is an I-frame (i.e. peak frame) and in the next traffic cycle the first video frame is also an I-frame.

In this embodiment, each terminal device included in the communication system transmits a plurality of continuous data packets (the continuous data packets may be referred to as data flows) to the UPF through the base station, and detailed description of the communication system is shown in fig. 1, which is not repeated.

Step 202, the UPF acquires statistical information.

The process of obtaining statistical information is described below:

in a GOP, the traffic of one I frame is about 5 to 20 times greater than the traffic of one P frame or the traffic of one B frame, so that the UPF performs statistics on packets from different terminal devices to acquire statistical information. As shown in fig. 3 b.

Specifically, the UPF receives a data packet transmitted from each terminal device to the UPF, and performs statistics on the transmission flow of each terminal device, that is, statistics on the change condition of the data flow speed of the terminal device.

The statistics 310 shown in fig. 3b are statistics of the terminal device A1, the statistics 311 are statistics of the terminal device A2, and in this example, statistics of the terminal device A1 and the terminal device A2 are taken as an example to illustrate, and in other examples, UPF may perform statistics for more than two terminal devices to obtain statistics.

Specifically, the abscissa indicated by the statistical information 310 represents time in milliseconds (ms), the ordinate represents flow in megabits per second (megabits per second, mbps), and it should be understood that the description of specific units on the abscissa and the ordinate in this embodiment is an optional example, and is not limited thereto.

The UPF shown in this embodiment receives a plurality of continuous data packets from the terminal device A1, and specifically, the UPF determines a plurality of continuous occasions on the time axis, and the duration of the different occasions is equal. UPF statistics shown in fig. 3b in occasion 320, the received traffic of the data packet from terminal device A1, UPF statistics in occasion 330, and so on.

For example, the UPF counts the traffic counted at the timing 320 as 2mbps and the traffic counted at the timing 330 as 9mbps for the packet from the terminal device A1.

As shown in the statistics 310, the flow rate of the data packet collected by the UPF at the time 320 is greater than the flow rate of the data packet collected by the UPF at the time 320. The flow of the data packet acquired in any time is the video code rate of the data packet received by the UPF in the time, and the video code rate is the data bit number transmitted in unit time during data transmission.

Similarly, the UPF receives a plurality of consecutive packets from the terminal A2, and the UPF counts the traffic of the packets received from the terminal A2 at the same time 320, counts the traffic of the packets received from the terminal A2 at the time 330, and so on.

For example, the UPF counts the traffic counted at the timing 320 to be 3mbps and counts the traffic counted at the timing 330 to be 10mbps for the packet from the terminal device A2.

It can be seen that the statistical information shown in this embodiment includes different timings, and flows occurring at different timings. It can be seen that if the packet received by the UPF at the timing 320 is a P frame from the terminal device A1, the traffic at the timing 320 is the traffic of the P frame, and if the packet received by the UPF at the timing 330 is an I frame from the terminal device A1, the traffic at the timing 330 is the traffic of the I frame.

As can be seen, the statistical information shown in this embodiment includes a timing and a traffic of the data packet carrying the I frame, a timing and a traffic of the data packet carrying the P frame, and a timing and a traffic of the data packet carrying the B frame. It can be understood that the statistical information shown in this embodiment includes the timing at which each data frame transmitted by the terminal device through the data packet appears on the UPF side and the traffic corresponding to the data frame.

As can be seen, the UPF obtains different statistics for the packets transmitted by different terminal devices, for example, as shown in the following table 1:

TABLE 1

Identification of terminal equipment	Statistical information
A1	B1
A2	B2
A3	B3

For example, the UPF receives data packets of three different terminal devices, where the identifiers of the three different terminal devices are A1, A2 and A3, the UPF obtains statistics information B1 for the data packet from the terminal device with the identifier A1, detailed description of the statistics information B1 is shown above, details are not repeated, and so on, the UPF obtains statistics information B2 for the data packet from the terminal device with the identifier A2, and the UPF obtains statistics information B3 for the data packet from the terminal device with the identifier A3.

The statistical information counted for different terminal devices in this embodiment is used to determine whether network congestion occurs in the process of transmitting data packets from multiple terminal devices to the UPF.

Optionally, the UPF shown in this embodiment acquires statistical information when determining that the trigger condition is satisfied, and the following optionally describes various trigger conditions:

trigger condition 1

The detection period is preset by the UPF, the duration of the detection period is not limited in the embodiment, and the statistical information is acquired once every detection period by the UPF. In other examples, the UPF may also randomly acquire the statistical information once, which is not limited in this embodiment.

Trigger condition 2

The UPF determines that a new terminal device is connected to the UPF, and the UPF obtains the statistics. For example, the UPF has connected M terminal devices that transmit data packets to the UPF via the base station. If the UPF determines that the (M+1) th terminal device is connected to the UPF, the UPF determines that the trigger condition is met to determine whether the UPF has a newly connected terminal device, and detects whether the network is congested.

Trigger condition 3

The UPF receives congestion indication information from media equipment, the media equipment is connected with the UPF, data packets sent by the terminal equipment are sequentially transmitted to the media equipment through the base station and the UPF, and the media equipment is used for playing video data carried by the data packets. If events such as video screen display, blocking and the like occur in the process of playing video data by the media equipment, the media equipment sends congestion indication information to the UPF, wherein the congestion indication information is used for indicating the UPF to acquire the statistical information.

Step 203, the UPF sends the statistical information of each of the plurality of terminal devices to the MEP.

In this embodiment, if the UPF acquires the statistical information shown in table 1, the obtained statistical information of each terminal device may be sent to the MEP.

Step 204, the MEP obtains the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices.

Under the condition that the MEP acquires the respective statistical information of the plurality of terminal devices, the MEP can acquire the respective traffic transmission information of the plurality of terminal devices, wherein the traffic transmission information refers to the traffic period of the data transmission of the terminal devices and the traffic peak value in the traffic period. The traffic period may be a period of video encoding of the terminal device, e.g., a multiple of a period of the terminal device generation I-frames. The flow peak is the maximum flow value in the flow period.

The traffic transmission information refers to a traffic cycle of the terminal device and a traffic peak value in the traffic cycle in a process of transmitting a plurality of continuous data frames encoded by the terminal device to the UPF data.

The process of acquiring a flow cycle by the MEP is described as follows: with continued reference to fig. 3b, as indicated above, if the traffic counted by the UPF at the timing 330 is greater than the traffic counted by the timing 320, the packet received at the timing 330 is an I frame from the terminal device, and so on, and if the packet received by the UPF at the timing 340 is also an I frame from the terminal device, the duration of the traffic cycle 350 is the duration between the start time of the timing 340 and the start time of the timing 330.

The flow peak in the flow period is described in the MEP, where the flow peak in the flow period refers to the flow corresponding to the peak frame transmitted through the flow period, and as shown in fig. 3b, the flow peak in the flow period 305 is the flow acquired in the timing 340.

Step 205, the MEP determines whether the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices satisfies the congestion condition, if yes, step 206 is executed, and if no, step 204 is executed again.

The MEP shown in this embodiment may determine whether the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices satisfies the congestion condition by optionally:

mode 1

The MEP shown in the embodiment determines a statistical time period, the start and stop time of the statistical time period is not limited in the embodiment, and the duration of the statistical time period is not limited in the embodiment, for example, the duration of the statistical time period is greater than the duration of the traffic cycle of any terminal device.

For example, as shown in fig. 4, in the process of transmitting data frames from each of a plurality of terminal devices to a media device, the MEP determines the number of flow peaks in the current statistical time period 401, and details of the description of the media device are shown above, and details are not described in detail.

There are two traffic periods of the terminal device 411 in the current statistical period 401, and there is one peak frame (i.e., I frame) for each traffic period, and it can be seen that there are two traffic peaks occurring in the current statistical period 401 for the terminal device 411. The number of traffic cycles of the terminal device 412 in the current statistical period 401 is three, and there is one peak frame (i.e. I frame) per traffic cycle, it can be seen that for the terminal device 412 there are three traffic peaks occurring in the current statistical period 401, and so on, it can be seen that the MEP can determine a target number, which is the sum of all traffic peaks occurring in the current statistical period 401.

The MEP is preset with a congestion threshold, and in the case where the MEP determines that the target number is present in the current statistical time period 401, the MEP determines whether the target number is greater than or equal to the congestion threshold. If the MEP determines that the target number is greater than or equal to the congestion threshold, the MEP determines that the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices meets the congestion condition in the current statistical time period. If the MEP determines that the target number is smaller than the congestion threshold value, the MEP determines that the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices does not meet the congestion condition in the current statistical time period.

In this embodiment, the value of the congestion threshold is not limited, and as long as the target number is greater than or equal to the congestion threshold in the current statistical period, congestion is likely to occur in the process of transmitting the data frame to the UPF by the plurality of terminal devices. The magnitude of the congestion threshold value and the duration of the statistical time period have positive correlation.

Mode 2

The MEP shown in this embodiment determines the time when the flow peak value occurs from different terminal devices, and if the MEP determines that the flow peak value occurring in the same time is greater than or equal to the flow threshold value, it determines that the congestion condition is satisfied.

For example, as shown in fig. 3b, the MEP superimposes the traffic transmission information of the terminal device A1 and the traffic transmission information of the terminal device A2.

The specific process of superposition may be illustrated by reference to the coordinate system 312 of fig. 3b, where the peak flows occurring at the same time are superimposed, for example, for the terminal device A1, a flow peak occurs at the time 330, which is 9mbps. For the terminal device A2, a flow peak occurs at the same time 330, where the flow peak is 10mbps, and it can be seen that the peak flow occurring at the time 330 after superposition is 19mbps.

If the preset flow threshold of the MEP is 10mbps, the MEP determines that the flow peak (19 mbps) occurring at the MEP determining time 330 is greater than the flow threshold (10 mbps), and the MEP determines that the congestion condition is satisfied.

Mode 3

The MEP shown in this embodiment determines the time when the flow peak occurs from different terminal devices, and please refer to mode 2 for description of the time when the flow peak occurs, which is not described in detail. If the MEP determines that the flow peak of two or more terminal devices at least partially coincides, the congestion condition is determined to be met.

For example, as shown in fig. 5, the MEP determines a peak 511 of the flow from the terminal device 510 and a peak 521 of the flow from the terminal device 520, which satisfy a preset condition. The preset condition is that the timing at which the flow peak 521 appears is closest to the timing at which the flow peak 521 appears on the time axis.

Specifically, the timing at which the flow peak 511 occurs is the first period 501, the timing at which the flow peak 521 occurs is the second period 502, when the MEP determines that the duration of the first period 501 and the duration of the second period 502 overlap or partially overlap, as shown in fig. 5, the starting time of the first period 501 in the first period 501 is tn, the ending time of the duration of the first period 501 is tm, the starting time of the second period 502 is tn, and the ending time of the second period 502 is tm, which indicates that the duration of the first period 501 and the duration of the second period 502 completely overlap, and the MEP can determine that the flow transmission information from the terminal device 510 and the flow transmission information from the terminal device 520 satisfy the congestion condition.

Mode 4

The present embodiment shows that the MEP determines traffic transmission information from each of the plurality of terminal devices, and in the case where at least two of the above-described embodiments 1 to 3 are simultaneously satisfied, the MEP determines that the congestion condition is satisfied.

In this embodiment, when the MEP determines that the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices meets the congestion condition, it is indicated that network congestion is likely to occur in the process of transmitting data from the plurality of terminal devices to the UPF, and step 206 shown below is triggered to be executed to avoid network congestion in the process of transmitting data from the plurality of terminal devices to the UPF.

If the MEP determines that the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices does not meet the congestion condition, which means that network congestion is not likely to occur in the process of transmitting data from the plurality of terminal devices to the UPF, the optional execution mode is to return to the execution step 204, so that the MEP re-acquires the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices via the step 204, and re-determines whether the congestion condition is met.

Step 206, the MEP sends a flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.

The MEP in this embodiment sends a flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device via the UPF and the base station, so that the MEP changes the timing of occurrence of the flow peak sent by the first terminal device by sending the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device. The first terminal device shown in this embodiment is part or all of all terminal devices connected by the MEP.

Step 207, the first terminal device receives a flow adjustment instruction from the MEP.

And the first terminal equipment changes the time when the flow peak value in the flow period occurs in the data transmission process according to the received flow adjustment instruction.

Step 208, the first terminal device sends the data packet to the UPF according to the flow adjustment instruction.

For a better understanding, steps 206 through 208 are collectively described below:

referring now to fig. 6a, a first end device 601 transmits a peak frame 611 to the UPF over a first traffic cycle, and a second end device 602 transmits a peak frame 612 to the UPF over a second traffic cycle, both peak frame 611 and peak frame 612 being illustratively I frames.

The occurrence timing of the peak frame 611 and the occurrence timing of the peak frame 612 coincide, that is, on the UPF side, the occurrence timing of the data packet carrying the peak frame 611 and the occurrence timing of the data packet carrying the peak frame 612 coincide, which indicates that network congestion easily occurs in the process of data transmission from the first terminal device 601 and the second terminal device 602 to the UPF.

While each peak frame from the first terminal device 601 and each peak frame from the second terminal device 602 are periodically transmitted, it is seen that in the case where the timing at which the peak frame 611 transmitted in the first traffic cycle occurs and the timing at which the peak frame 612 transmitted in the second traffic cycle occurs coincide, the timing at which the peak frame 621 transmitted in the third traffic cycle occurs and the timing at which the peak frame 622 transmitted in the fourth traffic cycle occurs also coincide.

Wherein on the time axis, the duration of the third flow period is later than the duration of the first flow period, and the duration of the fourth flow period is later than the duration of the second flow period. It can be seen that the UPF receives first packets transmitted over a first traffic cycle, then receives packets transmitted over a third traffic cycle, and similarly, the UPF receives first packets transmitted over a second traffic cycle, then receives packets transmitted over a fourth traffic cycle.

In this embodiment, the third flow period and the first flow period are taken as two adjacent flow periods from the first terminal device 601 as an example, in other examples, one or more flow periods may be spaced between the first flow period and the third flow period, and for the description of the relationship between the second flow period and the fourth flow period, please refer to the description of the relationship between the first flow period and the third flow period, which is not described in detail.

For this reason, in order to avoid network congestion of the peak frame 621 and the peak frame 622, the MEP may send a flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device 601, as shown in fig. 6b, and the first terminal device adjusts the timing of the occurrence of the peak frame 621 after receiving the flow adjustment instruction, so as to ensure that the timing of the occurrence of the peak frame 621 and the timing of the occurrence of the peak frame 622 do not overlap on the UPF side.

The MEP shown in this embodiment may change the timing at which the peak frame 621 appears on the UPF side by changing the manner in which the first terminal device encodes the peak frame 621.

The MEP in this embodiment may send the flow adjustment instruction through 5G signaling or application layer messages.

In particular, the 5G signaling may be non-Access stratum (NAS) signaling. The application layer message may be a message conforming to the open network video interface forum (open network video interface forum, ONVIF) standard or to the public safety video monitoring networking system information transmission, exchange, control technical requirements (GB 28181) standard. The message type and the conforming standard of the traffic adjustment signaling are not limited in this embodiment, as long as the traffic adjustment instruction is used to instruct the first terminal device to change the timing at which the peak frame appears on the UPF side.

Several alternative adjustment types for the flow adjustment instructions are described below:

type 1

The flow adjustment instruction generated by the MEP shown in this example is used to instruct the first terminal device to start encoding the peak frame, and after receiving the flow adjustment instruction, the first terminal device starts encoding the peak frame immediately.

As shown in fig. 6B, after the first end device 601 finishes transmitting the first traffic cycle, if no traffic adjustment command from the UPF is received, the first end device 601 may continuously transmit low peak frames (such as P frames or B frames) to the UPF, such as the first end device 601 continuously transmitting P frames 634, 633, 632, and 631 to the UPF.

Upon receiving the traffic adjustment instruction from the MEP after the first end device 601 finishes encoding the P frame 631, the first end device 601 immediately starts encoding the peak frame 621.

As shown in fig. 6c, when the first terminal device 601 receives the flow adjustment instruction from the MEP, the first terminal device 601 immediately starts encoding the peak frame 621 during the transmission of the first flow period, that is, when all data frames included in the first flow period have not been completely encoded.

For example, if the first terminal device transmits 50 data frames in the first traffic cycle, and after the first terminal device has transmitted 45 data frames in the first traffic cycle to the UPF, the first terminal device starts encoding the peak frame 621 in the third traffic cycle when the 46 th to 50 th data frames in the first traffic cycle are not completed, i.e. the traffic adjustment command from the MEP is received.

As can be seen, via fig. 6b or fig. 6c, the peak frame 621 transmitted by the first terminal device through the third traffic cycle and the peak frame 622 transmitted by the second terminal device through the fourth traffic cycle are not overlapped when the timing of the occurrence of the UPF side is not overlapped, and network congestion will not occur in the process of transmitting data from the first terminal device 601 and the second terminal device 602 to the UPF.

The signaling format of the flow adjustment command in this example can be seen with reference to fig. 7a, where the flow adjustment command includes a protocol header 711 for indicating the protocol used by the flow adjustment command, e.g., the protocol header 711 is used for indicating that the flow adjustment command is NAS signaling.

The instruction type 712 is used to instruct the first terminal device that received the flow adjustment instruction to immediately begin encoding the peak frame.

Type 2

The flow adjustment instruction shown in type 1 is used to instruct the first terminal device to start encoding the peak frame, and the flow adjustment instruction shown in type 2 is used to instruct the first terminal device to encode the peak frame at a specific encoding timing. Specifically, the flow adjustment instruction is configured to instruct the first terminal device to specifically start encoding the peak frame at an encoding start time, so that the first terminal device starts encoding the peak frame when determining that the encoding start time arrives.

As also shown in fig. 6B, when the first terminal device 601 receives the traffic adjustment command, the coding start time indicated by the traffic adjustment command has not yet arrived, the first terminal device 601 may continuously transmit low-peak frames (such as P frames or B frames) to the UPF, such as the first terminal device 601 continuously transmitting P frames 634, 633, 632, and 631 to the UPF.

After the first terminal apparatus 601 finishes encoding the P frame 631, it is determined that the encoding start time arrives, and the first terminal apparatus 601 immediately starts encoding the peak frame 621.

As shown in fig. 6c, when the first terminal apparatus 601 determines that the encoding start time indicated by the flow adjustment instruction arrives during the transmission of the first flow period, that is, when all the data frames included in the first flow period have not been completely encoded, the first terminal apparatus 601 immediately starts encoding the peak frame 621.

For example, if the first terminal device determines that the encoding start time indicated by the flow adjustment instruction has arrived after the first terminal device has transmitted 50 data frames in the first flow period, and after the first terminal device has transmitted 45 data frames in the first flow period to the UPF, the encoding start time indicated by the flow adjustment instruction has not yet been completed in the case of encoding 46 th to 50 th data frames in the first flow period, the first terminal device starts encoding the peak frame 621 in the third flow period, and in this example, the first terminal device terminates the data transmission in the first flow period and starts the data transmission process in the third flow period.

As shown in fig. 6b or fig. 6c, when the timing of the peak frame 621 transmitted by the first terminal device through the third traffic cycle and the peak frame 622 transmitted by the second terminal device through the fourth traffic cycle do not coincide with each other on the UPF side, network congestion does not occur in the process of transmitting data from the first terminal device 601 to the UPF through the second terminal device 602.

The signaling format of the flow adjustment command in this example can be shown in fig. 7b, and the description of the protocol header 721 included in the flow adjustment command is shown in fig. 7a, which is not repeated. The instruction type 722 is used to instruct the first terminal device to change the encoding start time at which to start encoding the peak frame, and the encoding time instruction 723 is used to instruct the specific time of the encoding start time.

In the type 1 or the type 2, the MEP is exemplified by transmitting the flow adjustment instruction to only the first terminal device, and in other examples, the MEP may also transmit the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device and the second terminal device, as long as the peak frame 621 transmitted by the first terminal device through the third flow period and the peak frame 622 transmitted by the second terminal device through the fourth flow period do not overlap in timing appearing on the UPF side.

In this embodiment, taking an example that the peak frame 621 transmitted by the first terminal device through the third traffic cycle and the peak frame 622 transmitted by the second terminal device through the fourth traffic cycle are not overlapped at the opportunity of the UPF side, in other examples, the second overlap time length may be ensured to be smaller than the first overlap time length.

The first overlapping duration is the overlapping duration of the opportunity appearing on the UPF side of the peak frame transmitted in the first flow period and the peak frame transmitted in the second flow period under the condition that the MEP has not sent the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device. The second overlapping duration is the overlapping duration of the opportunity appearing on the UPF side of the peak frame transmitted in the third flow period and the peak frame transmitted in the fourth flow period when the MEP has sent the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.

Therefore, when the second overlapping time length is smaller than the first overlapping time length, the possibility of network congestion in the process of data transmission from the first terminal equipment and the second terminal equipment to the UPF can be reduced.

Type 3

In either type 1 or type 2, the traffic adjustment instruction is used to instruct the first terminal device to start the timing of encoding the peak frame, whereas in type 3, the traffic adjustment instruction may be used to instruct the first terminal device to transmit the transmission timing of the peak frame.

For example, the first terminal device buffers the generated peak frame, and when receiving the traffic adjustment instruction, the first terminal device transmits the buffered peak frame to the UPF.

For another example, the first terminal device buffers the generated peak frame, and if the received traffic adjustment instruction includes a transmission time, the first terminal device starts to transmit the buffered peak frame to the UPF when determining that the transmission time arrives.

Type 4

The flow adjustment instruction generated by the MEP shown in this example is used to adjust the time of each peak frame received during the statistical period.

For example, as shown in fig. 8a, the MEP determines the flow peak 821 from the terminal device 811 in the current statistical time period 800, and detailed description thereof may be omitted with reference to fig. 3b, and the MEP also determines the flow peak 822 of the terminal device 812, the flow peak 823 of the terminal device 813, the flow peak 824 of the terminal device 814 and the flow peak 825 of the terminal device 815 in the current statistical time period 800, and detailed description thereof may be omitted with reference to the above description of the statistical time period.

In the current statistical period 800, the timings of receiving the flow peak 823, the flow peak 824 and the flow peak 825 by the UPF completely coincide, and the timings of receiving the flow peak 821 and the flow peak 822 by the UPF completely coincide, so that network congestion is likely to occur in the process of transmitting data to the UPF by the terminal device 811 and the terminal device 815.

For this purpose, the MEP may change the timing of occurrence of the traffic peak corresponding to the I frame sent from some or all of the terminal devices shown in fig. 8a in the subsequent statistical period by sending the traffic adjustment command to some or all of the terminal devices shown in fig. 8 a.

Referring to fig. 8b, the MEP shown in this example may not have the timing of the occurrence of the flow peak 835 from the terminal device 815, thereby ensuring that the relative position of the flow peak 825 from the terminal device 815 in the current statistical time period 800 is the same as the relative position of the flow peak 835 from the terminal device 815 in the subsequent statistical time period 840 on the time axis.

On the time axis, the duration of the subsequent statistical time period 840 is equal to the duration of the current statistical time period 800, and the start time of the subsequent statistical time period 840 is later than the end time of the current statistical time period 800.

The MEP may send the flow adjustment instructions to the terminal devices 811, 812, 813 and 814 respectively, so that the timings of the occurrence of the flow peak 831, 832, 833, 834 and 835 are uniformly distributed in the subsequent statistical period 840. For example, the time interval between the timing at which the flow peak 832 occurs and the timing at which the flow peak 831 occurs is equal to the time interval between the timing at which the flow peak 831 occurs and the timing at which the flow peak 833 occurs, and so on.

Under the condition that the occurrence time of the peak frames of the plurality of terminal devices is uniformly distributed in the subsequent acquisition time, the utilization efficiency of network resources between the terminal devices and the UPF can be effectively improved.

The manner in which the MEP changes the occurrence timing of each flow peak shown in fig. 8b can be referred to any of the types 1 to 3, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

It should be clear that, in this embodiment, the arrangement of the timing of each flow peak in the subsequent statistical period 840 shown in fig. 8b is an alternative example, which is not specifically limited, as long as the timing of any two different flow peaks do not overlap, or the overlapping time of the timing of any two different flow peaks in the subsequent statistical period 840 is less than the overlapping time of the timing of any two different flow peaks in the current statistical period 800.

In order to reduce the probability of network congestion, the MEP may also change the number of flow peaks occurring in the subsequent statistical period 840, so as to ensure that the number of flow peaks occurring in the subsequent statistical period 840 is smaller than the number of flow peaks occurring in the current statistical period 800.

After the first terminal device transmits the data frame with the changed time of the flow peak to the UPF, the UPF can transmit the data frame to the MEP, and the MEP transmits the data frame to the media device for playing.

It should be clear that, the functions performed by the MEP in this embodiment may also be performed by any network element included in the core network shown in fig. 1, and the specific execution process is referred to the description of the MEP execution process, which is not repeated in detail.

By adopting the method shown in the embodiment, the network congestion can be effectively avoided without discarding the data frames transmitted by the terminal equipment, and the events such as screen display, blocking and the like of the video played by the media equipment are effectively avoided. In addition, the timing of the peak frames from the plurality of terminal devices on the UPF side can be flexibly adjusted, the peak frames transmitted by the plurality of terminal devices are prevented from being transmitted to the UPF in a concentrated manner, and the utilization rate of network resources between the terminal devices and the UPF can be improved under the condition that network congestion can be effectively avoided, so that the service quality (quality of service, qoS) of the network resources is effectively improved.

Example two

Based on the communication system shown in fig. 1, the execution process of the data transmission method shown in this embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 9, where fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a second embodiment of the data transmission method provided in the present application.

Step 901, the UPF receives data packets from each of a plurality of terminal devices.

Step 902, the UPF acquires statistical information.

Step 903, the UPF sends the respective statistical information of the plurality of terminal devices to the MEP.

Step 904, the MEP obtains traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices.

Step 905, the MEP determines whether the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices satisfies the congestion condition, if so, step 906 is executed, and if not, step 904 is executed again.

Step 906, the MEP sends a flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.

Step 907, first end device receives a flow adjustment instruction from MEP.

For a description of the execution process of step 901 to step 907 in this embodiment, please refer to step 201 to step 207 in fig. 2, and the detailed execution process is not described again.

Step 908, the first terminal device sends the subsequent data packet to the UPF according to the flow adjustment instruction.

Step 909, UPF receives a subsequent data packet from the first terminal device.

The subsequent data packet shown in this embodiment is a data packet transmitted to the UPF after the first terminal device adjusts the occurrence timing according to the flow adjustment instruction.

Step 910, the UPF obtains subsequent statistics.

The specific process of the UPF obtaining the subsequent statistical information according to the subsequent data frame shown in step 902 is omitted for details of the specific process of the UPF obtaining the statistical information according to the data frame. It can be seen that the subsequent statistical information includes the timing and traffic of the subsequent data packet carrying the peak frame, and also includes the timing and traffic of the subsequent data packet carrying the low peak frame.

Step 911, the UPF sends the subsequent statistics of the first terminal device to the MEP.

Step 912, the MEP obtains subsequent traffic transmission information of the first terminal device.

The process of acquiring the subsequent traffic transmission information by the MEP according to the subsequent statistical information shown in the embodiment is referred to as a process of acquiring the traffic transmission information by the MEP according to the statistical information shown in step 904, which is not described in detail.

Step 913, the MEP determines whether the deviation between the first time and the second time when the peak of the target flow occurs is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, and if yes, step 914 is executed.

The target traffic peak value shown in this embodiment is the traffic corresponding to the peak frame from the first terminal device indicated by the traffic adjustment command shown in step 906, and the first timing is the timing at which the MEP appears in the peak frame indicated by the traffic adjustment command generated in step 906, where it can be seen that the traffic adjustment command has not yet been sent to the first terminal device, and in order to avoid network congestion, the MEP hopes that the traffic peak corresponding to the peak frame of the first terminal device appears on the UPF side after being adjusted by the traffic adjustment command.

The second time is the time when the first terminal equipment receives the flow adjustment instruction, adjusts the appearance time of the peak value of the target flow, and transmits the appearance time to the UPF side, and can be seen that the second time is the time when the flow adjustment instruction is sent to the first terminal equipment, and the first terminal equipment completes the adjustment of the appearance time of the peak value frame according to the flow adjustment instruction and then appears on the UPF side.

The deviation between the first timing and the second timing shown in the embodiment may be a difference between a start time of the first timing and a start time of the second timing, or the deviation between the first timing and the second timing may be a difference between an end time of the first timing and an end time of the second timing, or the deviation between the first timing and the second timing may be a difference between an end time of the first timing and a start time of the second timing, which is not limited in the embodiment.

And under the condition that the deviation between the first time and the second time is larger than or equal to a preset threshold value, the first terminal equipment is not in accordance with the requirement of the MEP for adjusting the time when the peak frame appears, and the MEP sends a subsequent flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal equipment again in order to avoid network congestion.

For the description of the subsequent flow adjustment command, please refer to the description of the first flow adjustment command in the first embodiment, as long as the subsequent flow adjustment command can adjust the appearance timing of the peak frame of the first terminal device again.

Step 914, the MEP sends a subsequent flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.

Step 915, the first terminal device receives a subsequent flow adjustment instruction from the MEP.

Step 916, the first terminal device sends the data packet to the UPF according to the subsequent flow adjustment instruction.

For the description of the execution process of steps 914 to 916 in this embodiment, please refer to the description of the execution process of steps 906 to 908, which is not described in detail in this embodiment.

The functions performed by the MEP in this embodiment may also be performed by the UPF, or may be performed by any network element included in the core network shown in fig. 1, which is not described in detail in this embodiment.

After the MEP sends the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device, by detecting the deviation between the first time and the second time, the MEP can determine whether the first terminal device can effectively avoid network congestion according to the time adjusted by the flow adjustment execution, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of network congestion and improving the accuracy of adjusting the time at which each peak frame transmitted by each terminal device to the UPF occurs.

Example III

Based on the communication system shown in fig. 1, the following describes an exemplary implementation procedure of the method for data transmission provided in this embodiment in conjunction with fig. 10, where fig. 10 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a third embodiment of the method for data transmission provided in this embodiment.

Step 1001, the UPF receives a packet from each of a plurality of terminal devices.

The execution of steps 1001 to 1001 in this embodiment is shown in steps 201 to 201 in fig. 2, and the detailed execution is not described in detail.

Step 1002, the UPF transmits the data packets of each of the plurality of terminal devices to the MEP.

The UPF shown in this embodiment forwards the data packets from each of the plurality of terminal devices to the MEP.

Step 1003, the MEP obtains statistical information.

For a description of a specific process of acquiring statistical information by the MEP shown in the embodiment, please refer to a description of a specific process of acquiring statistical information by the UPF shown in step 202 in fig. 2, and a specific implementation process is not described in detail in the embodiment.

Step 1004, the MEP obtains traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices.

Step 1005, the MEP determines whether the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices satisfies the congestion condition, if yes, step 1006 is executed, and if no, step 1004 is executed again.

Step 1006, the MEP sends a flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.

Step 1007, the first terminal device receives a flow adjustment instruction from the MEP.

Step 1008, the first terminal device sends the data packet to the UPF according to the flow adjustment instruction.

For the description of the execution process of steps 1006 to 1008 in this embodiment, please refer to the description of steps 206 to 208, which is not repeated.

In contrast to the first embodiment and the third embodiment, in the first embodiment, the UPF obtains the statistics information according to the received data packet, but in the present embodiment, the statistics information is directly obtained by the MEP, and the UPF only needs to transmit the data packets from the plurality of terminal devices to the MEP.

The functions performed by the MEP in this embodiment may also be performed by any network element included in the core network shown in fig. 1, and are not limited in this embodiment.

For a description of the beneficial effects shown in the present embodiment, please refer to the first embodiment, and detailed description is omitted in the present embodiment.

Example IV

Based on the communication system shown in fig. 1, the following describes an exemplary implementation procedure of the method for data transmission provided in this embodiment with reference to fig. 11, where fig. 11 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a fourth embodiment of the method for data transmission provided in this embodiment.

Step 1101, the UPF receives data packets from each of the plurality of terminal devices.

Step 1102, the UPF obtains respective statistical information of a plurality of terminal devices.

For the description of the execution process of steps 1101 to 1102 in this embodiment, please refer to the description of the execution process of steps 201 to 203 in fig. 2, which is not repeated.

Step 1103, the UPF acquires traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices.

Step 1104, the UPF determines whether the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices satisfies the congestion condition, if yes, step 1105 is executed, and if not, step 1103 is executed again.

Step 1105, the UPF sends a flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.

For a description of the process of executing steps 1103 to 1105 by the UPF shown in the present embodiment, please refer to the description of the process of executing steps 204 to 206 by the MEP shown in fig. 2, and the detailed execution process will not be repeated.

Step 1106, the first terminal device receives a traffic adjustment command from the UPF.

Step 1107, the first terminal device sends a data packet to the UPF according to the flow adjustment instruction.

For a description of the execution process of the UPF execution steps 1106 to 1107 shown in the present embodiment, please refer to the description of the MEP execution process shown in the steps 207 to 208 shown in fig. 2, and the detailed execution process is not described in detail in the present embodiment.

Example five

The present embodiment describes the structure of a network device that performs the above-described data transmission method, with reference to fig. 12: the network device shown in this embodiment may be a UPF or MEP as shown in the above embodiment.

The electronic device 1200 specifically includes: a processing unit 1201 and a transceiving unit 1202, wherein the processing unit 1201 is connected to the transceiving unit 1202.

If the electronic device 1200 in this embodiment is a UPF, the processing unit 1201 is configured to execute the processing function executed by the UPF in any of the first to fourth embodiments. The transceiver unit 1202 is configured to perform the transceiver function performed by the UPF in any of the first to fourth embodiments.

If the electronic device 1200 in this embodiment is an MEP, the processing unit 1201 is configured to execute the processing functions executed by the MEP in any of the first to fourth embodiments. The transceiving unit 1202 is configured to perform the transceiving functions performed by the MEP in any of the first to fourth embodiments.

If the electronic device 1200 shown in the present embodiment is a terminal device, the processing unit 1201 is configured to execute the processing functions executed by the terminal device in any of the first to fourth embodiments. The transceiving unit 1202 is configured to perform the transceiving functions performed by the terminal device in any of the first to fourth embodiments.

Example six

The structure of the electronic device for performing the data transmission method described above will be described in this embodiment with reference to fig. 13, and the electronic device described in this embodiment may be a UPF, MEP, or terminal device for performing the data transmission methods described in the first to fourth embodiments.

The electronic device specifically comprises: processor 1301, memory 1302, bus 1303, transceiver 1304, and network interface 1306.

In particular, memory 1302 may include computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory and/or random access memory. Memory 1302 may store an operating system, application programs, other program modules, executable code, and program data.

A transceiver 1304 may be used to input commands and information to the electronic device, the transceiver 1304 may be coupled to the processor 1301 via a bus 1303. The transceiver 1304 may also be used for electronic device output information, such as a selected placeholder server and/or a placeholder virtual machine.

The electronic device may be connected to a communication network through a network interface 1306. In a networked environment, computer-executable instructions stored in the electronic device may be stored in a remote memory storage device, rather than being limited to being stored locally.

When the processor 1301 in the electronic device executes the executable code or the application program stored in the memory 1302, the electronic device may perform the method operations on any side of the above method embodiments, and the specific execution process refers to the above method embodiments and is not described herein.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.

Claims

A method of data transmission, the method comprising:

the method comprises the steps that network equipment obtains flow transmission information from each of a plurality of terminal equipment, wherein the flow transmission information comprises a flow period of data transmission of the terminal equipment and a flow peak value in the flow period;

the network equipment determines a flow adjustment instruction of a first terminal equipment according to the flow transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal equipment, wherein the flow adjustment instruction is used for the first terminal equipment to change the occurrence time of the flow peak;

And the network equipment sends the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal equipment.
The method of claim 1, wherein before the network device determines the traffic adjustment command of the first terminal device according to the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices, the method further comprises:

the network device determines that a traffic peak value of data transmission in a current statistical time period is greater than or equal to a congestion threshold value.
The method of claim 2, wherein the flow adjustment instruction is configured to adjust the number of flow peaks occurring within the subsequent statistical period to be less than the congestion threshold.
A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the duration of the statistical period is greater than the duration of the flow period.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices, the method further comprises:

the network device determines that the flow peak of the first terminal device and the time when the flow peak of the second terminal device appears at least partially coincide.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein after the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices, the method further comprises:

and the network equipment determines that the time when the flow peak value of the first terminal equipment and the flow peak value of the second terminal equipment appear is not coincident.
The method of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the traffic of I frames is the traffic peak.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices, the method further comprises:

the network device receives data packets from each of the plurality of terminal devices;

the network equipment acquires the flow transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal equipment according to statistical information, wherein the statistical information comprises the occurrence time of a peak frame and the flow of the peak frame.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices, the method further comprises:

The network device receives traffic transmission information from each of the plurality of terminal devices of the user plane function UPF.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the network device sending the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device comprises:

the network device sends the flow adjustment instruction through 5G signaling or application layer message.
A method of data transmission, the method comprising:

the terminal equipment receives a flow adjustment instruction from the network equipment;

the terminal equipment changes the time when the flow peak value in the flow period appears in the data transmission process according to the flow adjustment instruction;

the terminal device transmits data to the network device.
The method according to claim 11, wherein the terminal device changing the timing of occurrence of the traffic peak in the traffic cycle in the data transmission process according to the traffic adjustment command includes:

and the terminal equipment starts to encode the peak frame of the terminal equipment according to the flow adjustment instruction.
The method according to claim 11, wherein the terminal device changing the timing of occurrence of the traffic peak in the traffic cycle in the data transmission process according to the traffic adjustment command includes:

And the terminal equipment changes the coding time of the peak frame of the terminal equipment according to the flow adjustment instruction.
The method of claim 12 or 13, wherein the peak frame is an I frame and the traffic of the I frame is the traffic peak.
A network device comprising a memory and a transceiver, each coupled to a processor, the memory having stored therein computer program code, the processor invoking and executing the computer program code in the memory to cause the processor to perform the process related steps of any of claims 1-10, and the transceiver to perform the transceiver related steps of any of claims 1-10.
A terminal device comprising a memory and a transceiver, each coupled to a processor, the memory having stored therein computer program code, the processor invoking and executing the computer program code in the memory to cause the processor to perform the process related steps of any of claims 11-14, and the transceiver to perform the transceiver related steps of any of claims 11-14.
A communication system comprising a network device as claimed in claim 15 and a terminal device as claimed in claim 16.