WO2022198440A1 - 一种按压式采血针 - Google Patents

一种按压式采血针 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022198440A1
WO2022198440A1 PCT/CN2021/082378 CN2021082378W WO2022198440A1 WO 2022198440 A1 WO2022198440 A1 WO 2022198440A1 CN 2021082378 W CN2021082378 W CN 2021082378W WO 2022198440 A1 WO2022198440 A1 WO 2022198440A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
needle
sliding sleeve
channel
sleeve
side wall
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/082378
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
时烨
Original Assignee
苏州市开元医疗器械有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 苏州市开元医疗器械有限公司 filed Critical 苏州市开元医疗器械有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/082378 priority Critical patent/WO2022198440A1/zh
Priority to CN202180005993.XA priority patent/CN114667098A/zh
Publication of WO2022198440A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022198440A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150015—Source of blood
    • A61B5/150022—Source of blood for capillary blood or interstitial fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15101—Details
    • A61B5/15103—Piercing procedure
    • A61B5/15107—Piercing being assisted by a triggering mechanism
    • A61B5/15111—Semi-automatically triggered, e.g. at the end of the cocking procedure, for instance by biasing the main drive spring or when reaching sufficient contact pressure, the piercing device is automatically triggered without any deliberate action by the user
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15101—Details
    • A61B5/15115—Driving means for propelling the piercing element to pierce the skin, e.g. comprising mechanisms based on shape memory alloys, magnetism, solenoids, piezoelectric effect, biased elements, resilient elements, vacuum or compressed fluids
    • A61B5/15117—Driving means for propelling the piercing element to pierce the skin, e.g. comprising mechanisms based on shape memory alloys, magnetism, solenoids, piezoelectric effect, biased elements, resilient elements, vacuum or compressed fluids comprising biased elements, resilient elements or a spring, e.g. a helical spring, leaf spring, or elastic strap
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15101—Details
    • A61B5/15126—Means for controlling the lancing movement, e.g. 2D- or 3D-shaped elements, tooth-shaped elements or sliding guides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15186—Devices loaded with a single lancet, i.e. a single lancet with or without a casing is loaded into a reusable drive device and then discarded after use; drive devices reloadable for multiple use

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pressing type blood collection needle.
  • the disposable blood collection device In the field of medical blood collection, the disposable blood collection device is very popular among medical staff and patients because of its small size, safe operation and convenient operation. Currently, it is widely used in various medical institutions and diabetic patients. This kind of blood collection device has its own ejection mechanism, compact structure, one-time use as a whole, safety and convenience, therefore, it has strong market development potential.
  • the needle core is fired under the action of a spring by pressing the sliding sleeve which is in direct contact with the patient's skin, and then the needle tip is used to pierce the skin tip to collect blood.
  • the firing of the needle core of the existing blood collection needle is unstable, which is likely to cause the needle tip to be displaced, the firing force to be reduced or excessive, resulting in abnormal blood collection and harm to the patient.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a pressing type blood collection needle, which has a simple structure, is easy to assemble, has stable needle core emission and good blood collection effect.
  • a press-type blood collection needle comprising a casing, a sliding sleeve, a needle core and a first spring
  • the lower end of the casing forms a needle outlet
  • the upper is detachably connected with an upper A cover
  • the sliding sleeve can slide in the housing and the lower end can extend from the needle outlet to the outside of the housing
  • the needle core is provided with a needle at the lower end, and can slide relative to the sliding sleeve to expose the needle at the needle outlet
  • the first One end of a spring is abutted against the needle core, and the other end is abutted against the upper cover.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first channel is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the second channel, and the sliding sleeve extends from the upper end opening to the lower end with a plurality of strip-shaped grooves, and the strip-shaped grooves provide radial direction to the sliding sleeve sidewall at the upper end.
  • the elasticity of external deformation, the side wall of the needle core extends outwardly with at least one sliding block that abuts against the upper end of the side wall of the sliding sleeve. When the sliding sleeve is located in the first channel, the sliding block abuts against the sliding block.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: initially, the lower end of the sliding sleeve extends out of the needle port, at this time the sliding sleeve is located in the first channel, the cross-sectional area of the first channel matches the cross-sectional area of the sliding sleeve, and the side wall of the sliding sleeve is free state, the slider of the needle core abuts the upper end of the side wall of the sliding sleeve.
  • the lower part of the sliding sleeve abuts against the blood collection part, holds the casing and presses down, and the sliding sleeve moves upward relative to the casing.
  • the upper end of the sliding sleeve with the strip groove enters the second channel, and the The cross-sectional area is larger than that of the first channel.
  • the position of the slider remains unchanged.
  • the side wall of the sliding sleeve is expanded by its own elastic force under the extrusion action of the slider.
  • the width of the expansion is greater than the distance between the sliders, and the needle core falls into
  • the inner cavity of the sliding sleeve slides rapidly under the action of the first spring and pierces the needle outlet to complete blood collection.
  • the sliding sleeve itself has a radial deformation elasticity, which is convenient to limit the needle core and realize the rapid and stable ejection of the needle core. And the structure is simple and easy to assemble.
  • the shape of the first channel and the second channel is the same, and the connection between the first channel and the second channel is stepped, and the sliding sleeve includes an expanding sleeve portion and a pressing portion that are integrally formed and arranged up and down,
  • the pressing portion can be extended to the outside of the housing, the expanding sleeve portion is matched with the first channel, and the strip groove is arranged on the expanding sleeve portion.
  • the pressing part is convenient for abutting with the blood collection part, and the expanding sleeve part is in a free state in the first channel, which is convenient for the sliding block to abut.
  • the cross-sections of the first channel and the second channel are both rectangular, and the cross-sectional length of the first channel is smaller than the cross-sectional length of the second channel, preventing the sliding sleeve from rotating and making the sliding sleeve more stable.
  • the side wall of the sleeve expansion part is also provided with a chute corresponding to the slider and for the slider to slide.
  • the chute guides the slider so that the needle core slides vertically along the chute.
  • the side wall of the expanding sleeve portion is also provided with a limit groove corresponding to the chute, the limiting groove is opened downward along the upper end opening of the side wall of the expanding sleeve portion, and the slider is embedded. in the limit slot. It is convenient to fix the slider in the initial state.
  • the side wall of the first channel is also provided with guide protruding strips corresponding to the chute, the chute slides up and down along the guiding protruding strips, and the guiding protruding strips play a guiding role to improve the up and down sliding ability of the sliding sleeve. stability.
  • the outer wall of the needle core extends outward with a mounting protrusion
  • the mounting protrusion is located at the upper end of the slider
  • one end of the first spring is sleeved on the needle core and abuts against the mounting protrusion
  • the upper cover is provided with an annular groove into which the other end of the first spring is embedded.
  • the return spring is connected to the needle core by interference, and the other end can abut against the opening of the lower end of the sliding sleeve, and the return spring is in a compressed state when the needle core is exposed from the needle port. . After the blood collection is completed, the needle quickly moves up and retracts into the pressing part under the action of the return spring to improve safety.
  • the protective assembly includes a needle sleeve that is tightly sleeved on the needle head, the lower end of the needle sleeve extends out of the needle port and is sleeved with a protective sleeve, and the upper end of the protective sleeve is connected to the housing. against. Protect the needle and prevent mishandling from causing injury to personnel.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an initial state of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a blood collection state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a sliding sleeve in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a needle core in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the housing in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a press-type blood collection needle includes a casing 1, a sliding sleeve 2, a needle core 3 and a first spring 4, and the casing 1, the sliding sleeve 2, and the needle core 3 are all integrally formed. injection model.
  • a needle outlet is formed at the lower end of the housing 1, and an upper cover 5 is detachably connected to the upper end.
  • the sliding sleeve 2 can slide in the housing 1 and the lower end can extend from the needle outlet to the outside of the housing 1.
  • the lower end of the needle core 3 is provided with a needle and can slide relative to the sliding sleeve 2 to expose the needle at the needle outlet.
  • One end of the first spring 4 is in contact with the needle core 3, and the other end is in contact with the upper cover 5.
  • the first spring 4 In the initial state of the blood collection needle, that is, when it is not in use, the first spring 4 is in a compressed state, which means that the needle core 3 is in the first spring 4. Under the action of the elastic force, it rushes out of the needle port.
  • the protective assembly includes a needle sleeve 7 that is sleeved on the needle head, the lower end of the needle sleeve 7 extends out of the needle port and is sleeved with a protective sleeve 8, and the upper end of the protective sleeve 8 is in contact with the housing 1.
  • the casing 1 is provided with a first channel 11 and a second channel 12 which are mutually conductive from bottom to top and coaxially arranged.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first channel 11 is smaller than that of the second channel 12.
  • the shapes of the first channel 11 and the second channel 12 are the same, and the connection between the first channel 11 and the second channel 12 is stepped.
  • the cross-sections of the first channel 11 and the second channel 12 are both rectangular, and the cross-sectional length of the first channel 11 is smaller than that of the second channel 12, which makes the sliding of the sliding sleeve 2 more stable and prevents the sliding sleeve 2 from sliding in the first channel 11 or 12.
  • the second channel 12 rotates.
  • the first channel 11 and the second channel 12 may also be circular or square, as long as the cross-sectional area of the first channel 11 is smaller than that of the second channel 12 .
  • the sliding sleeve 2 can slide between the first channel 11 and the second channel 12 .
  • the sliding sleeve 2 is provided with a third slideway for the needle core 3 to slide.
  • the sliding sleeve 2 extends from the upper end opening to the lower end with a number of strip-shaped grooves 21.
  • the strip-shaped grooves 21 provide radial direction for the side wall of the sliding sleeve 2 located at the upper end. Elasticity for outward deformation.
  • the sliding sleeve 2 includes an expanding sleeve portion 22 and a pressing portion 23 that are integrally formed and arranged up and down.
  • the pressing portion 23 can extend to the outside of the housing 1 . 22.
  • the expansion sleeve 22 When the expansion sleeve 22 is in the first channel 11, it is in a free state, and the distance between the side walls of the sliding sleeve 2 is slightly smaller than the distance between the sliding blocks 31.
  • the pressing part 23 is convenient for abutting with the blood collection place, and the expanding sleeve part 22 is convenient for the sliding block 31 abutting.
  • the expansion sleeve 22 enters the second slide under the action of the external force, the outer wall of the expansion sleeve 22 expands under the pressure of the slider 31 by its own elastic force, and the upper end opening of the sliding sleeve 2 becomes larger. At this time, the slider The distance between 31 is smaller than the size of the opening at the upper end of the sliding sleeve 2 , and the sliding block 31 can enter the sliding sleeve 2 to slide.
  • the side wall of the needle core 3 extends outward with at least one sliding block 31 abutting against the upper end of the side wall of the sliding sleeve 2.
  • the sliding block 31 abuts against the side wall of the sliding sleeve 2. upper end.
  • the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 2 expands, the width of the sliding block 31 remains unchanged, the needle core 3 enters the third sliding channel of the sliding sleeve 2, and the first spring 4 Under the action of the sliding sleeve 2, it slides quickly and pierces the needle outlet.
  • the side wall of the expanding sleeve portion 22 is also provided with a sliding groove 221 corresponding to the slider 31 and for sliding the sliding block 31 .
  • the chute 221 guides the slider 31, so that the needle core 3 slides vertically along the chute 221.
  • the side wall of the expansion sleeve 22 is also provided with a limit groove 222 corresponding to the chute 221 , the limit groove 222 is opened downward along the upper end opening of the side wall of the expansion sleeve 22 , and the slider 31 is embedded in the limit groove. 222. It is convenient to fix the slider 31 in the initial state.
  • the side wall of the first channel 11 is also provided with a guide protruding strip 111 corresponding to the chute 221.
  • the chute 221 slides up and down along the guiding protruding strip 111, and the guiding protruding strip 111 plays a guiding role and improves the stability of the sliding sleeve 2 sliding up and down. sex.
  • the outer wall of the needle core 3 has a mounting protrusion 32 extending outward.
  • the mounting protrusion 32 is located at the upper end of the slider 31.
  • One end of the first spring 4 is sleeved on the needle core 3 and abuts against the mounting protrusion 32.
  • the upper cover 5 An annular groove into which the other end of the first spring 4 is embedded is provided.
  • the return spring 6 is tightly sleeved on the needle core 3, and the other end can abut against the lower end opening of the sliding sleeve 2.
  • the return spring 6 is in a compressed state when the needle core 3 is exposed from the needle opening.
  • a second mounting protrusion 32 extends outward from the outer wall of the needle core 3, one end of the return spring 6 is sleeved outside the needle core 3 and abuts against the second mounting protrusion 32, and the second mounting protrusion 32 is located at the lower end of the slider 31,
  • the return spring 6 is in a compressed state when the needle core 3 is exposed from the needle port.
  • the return spring 6 does not abut against the sliding sleeve 2 and is in a free state, and the lower end is suspended at this time. After the blood collection is completed, the needle quickly moves upward and retracts into the pressing portion 23 under the action of the return spring 6 to improve safety.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first channel 11 is the same as that of the sliding sleeve 2, and the side wall of the sliding sleeve 2 is in a free state. , the sliding block 31 of the needle core 3 abuts against the upper end of the side wall of the sliding sleeve 2 . However, when blood collection is required, remove the needle cover 7 and the protective cover 8, the lower section of the sliding cover 2 abuts against the blood collection part, hold the housing 1 and press down, the sliding cover 2 moves up relative to the housing 1, and a bar-shaped groove is opened at this time. The upper end of the sliding sleeve 2 of 21 enters the second channel 12, and the cross-sectional area of the second channel 12 is larger than that of the first channel 11.
  • the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 2 is expanded by its own elastic force under the extrusion of the slider 31, and the opening width after expansion
  • the slider 31 enters the third slideway, and the needle core 3 falls into the third channel of the slide sleeve 2, slides rapidly under the action of the first spring 4 and pierces the needle outlet to complete blood collection.
  • the sliding sleeve 2 itself has a radial deformation elasticity, and the sliding sleeve 2 is used to expand the expansion part 22 of the sliding sleeve 2 radially outwards, which is convenient for restricting the needle core 3 and realizing the needle core. 3's fast and stable ejection. And the structure is simple and easy to assemble.

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Abstract

一种按压式采血针，包括壳体（1）、滑套（2）、针芯（3）和第一弹簧（4），壳体（1）下端形成出针口，上端可拆卸连接有上盖（5），滑套（2）能在壳体（1）内滑动且下端能从出针口延伸至壳体（1）外部，针芯（3）下端设有针头，且能相对滑套（2）滑动以在出针口露出针头。壳体（1）内设置有自下而上相互导通且同轴设置的第一通道（11）和第二通道（12），滑套（2）自上端开口处向下端延伸有若干条形槽（21），条形槽（21）为位于上端的滑套侧壁提供径向变形的弹性，针芯（3）的侧壁向外延伸有至少一个抵靠在滑套的侧壁上端的滑块（31），滑套（2）位于第一通道（11）内时，滑块（31）抵靠在滑套（2）的侧壁上端，当滑套（2）在外力作用下移动到第二通道（12）内时，滑套（2）外壁在滑块（31）挤压下胀开，针芯（3）在第一弹簧（4）作用下在滑套（2）内滑动并刺出出针口。这种设置的按压式采血针便于组装，发射稳定，采血效果好。

Description

一种按压式采血针 技术领域
本发明涉及一种按压式采血针。
背景技术
在医用采血领域中，一次性采血器以其体积小、使用安全操作方便为特色深受医护人员和病人的欢迎，目前在各医疗机构以及糖尿病患者中大量使用。这种采血器自带弹射机构，结构紧凑，整体一次性使用，安全方便，因此，具有较强的市场发展潜力。
现有的采血针所采用的方案中，一般是通过按压与患者皮肤直接接触的滑套，使得针芯在弹簧作用下发射，然后利用针尖刺破皮肤末梢进行采血。但现有的采血针的针芯发射不稳定，容易造成针尖的偏移、发射力度减少或过多，造成采血异常，对患者造成伤害。
发明内容
为克服上述缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种按压式采血针，结构简单，便于组装，针芯发射稳定，采血效果好。
为了达到以上目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种按压式采血针，包括壳体、滑套、针芯和第一弹簧，所述壳体下端形成出针口，上可拆卸连接有上盖，所述滑套能在壳体内滑动且下端能从出针口延伸至壳体外部，所述针芯下端设有针头，且能相对滑套滑动以在出针口露出针头，所述第一弹簧的一端与所述针芯抵靠，另一端与上盖抵靠，其特征在于：所述壳体内设置有自下而上相互导通且同轴设置的第一通道和第二通道，所述第一通道的截面面积小于第二通道的截面面积，所述滑套自上端开口处向下端延伸有若干条形槽，所述条 形槽为位于上端的滑套侧壁提供径向向外变形的弹性，所述针芯的侧壁向外延伸有至少一个抵靠在滑套的侧壁上端的滑块，所述滑套位于第一通道内时，所述滑块抵靠在滑套的侧壁上端，当所述滑套在外力作用下移动到第二通道内时，所述滑套外壁在滑块挤压下胀开，所述针芯在第一弹簧作用下在滑套内滑动并刺出出针口。
本发明的有益效果在于：初始时，滑套下端延伸出出针口，此时滑套位于第一通道内，第一通道的截面面积与滑套的截面面积匹配，滑套的侧壁处于自由状态，针芯的滑块抵靠在滑套的侧壁上端。但需要采血时，滑套的下段抵靠在采血部，手持壳体向下按压，滑套相对壳体上移，此时开设有条形槽的滑套上端进入第二通道，第二通道的截面面积大于第一通道，此时滑块位置不变，滑套的侧壁在滑块挤压作用下，利用自身弹力下胀开，涨开的宽度大于滑块间的距离，针芯落入滑套的内腔，在第一弹簧作用下快速滑动并刺出出针口以完成采血。通过条形槽、第一通道和第二通道的设置，使滑套自身具有一个径向变形的弹性，便于限制针芯和实现针芯的快速稳定的弹射。且结构简单，便于组装。
进一步来说，所述第一通道和第二通道的形状相同，且第一通道和第二通道的连接处为阶梯状，所述滑套包括一体成型且上下设置的涨套部和按压部，所述按压部能延伸至壳体外部，所述涨套部与第一通道匹配且条形槽设置在涨套部。按压部便于和采血处抵靠，且涨套部在第一通道处于自由状态，便于滑块的抵靠。
进一步来说，所述第一通道和第二通道的截面均为长方形，所述第一通道的截面长度小于第二通道的截面长度，防止滑套转动，使滑套的滑动更加稳定。
进一步来说，所述涨套部的侧壁还设置有与滑块对应设置且供滑块滑动的 滑槽，所述滑槽为两个，对称设置在涨套部的侧壁上。滑槽对滑块起到导向作用，使针芯沿着滑槽垂直滑动。
进一步来说，所述涨套部的侧壁还设置有与滑槽对应设置的限位槽，所述限位槽沿涨套部侧壁的上端开口处向下开设，所述滑块嵌设在限位槽内。便于初始状态时，滑块的固定。
进一步来说，所述第一通道的侧壁还设置有与滑槽对应设置的导向凸条，所述滑槽沿导向凸条上下滑动，导向凸条起到导向作用，提高滑套上下滑动的稳定性。
进一步来说，所述针芯的外壁向外延伸有安装凸起，所述安装凸起位于滑块的上端，所述第一弹簧的一端套设在针芯上并与安装凸起抵靠，所述上盖上设置有供第一弹簧另一端嵌入的环形槽。
进一步来说，还包括复位弹簧，所述复位弹簧过盈套接在针芯上，另一端能与滑套的下端开口处抵靠，所述复位弹簧在针芯露出出针口时处于压缩状态。针头在采血完成后，在复位弹簧作用下迅速上移缩回按压部内，提高安全性。
进一步来说，还包括防护组件，所述防护组件包括过盈套接在针头上的针套，所述针套下端延伸出出针口且套接有保护套，所述保护套上端与壳体抵靠。保护针头，防止误操作对人员造成伤害。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的爆炸图；
图2为本发明实施例的初始状态剖视图；
图3为本发明实施例的采血状态剖视图；
图4位本发明实施例中滑套的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例中针芯的结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例中壳体的剖视图。
图中：
1、壳体；11、第一通道；111、导向凸条；12、第二通道；2、滑套；21、条形槽；22、涨套部；221、滑槽；222、限位槽；23、按压部；3、针芯；31、滑块；32、安装凸起；4、第一弹簧；5、上盖；6、复位弹簧；7、针套；8、保护套。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述，以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
实施例
参见附图1-6所示，一种按压式采血针，包括壳体1、滑套2、针芯3和第一弹簧4，壳体1、滑套2、针芯3均为一体成型的注塑件。壳体1下端形成出针口，上端可拆卸连接有上盖5。滑套2能在壳体1内滑动且下端能从出针口延伸至壳体1外部，针芯3下端设有针头，且能相对滑套2滑动以在出针口露出针头。第一弹簧4的一端与针芯3抵靠，另一端与上盖5抵靠，在采血针初始状态，即未使用时，第一弹簧4处于压缩状态，为针芯3在第一弹簧4的弹力作用下冲出出针口。还包括防护组件，所述防护组件包括过盈套接在针头上的针套7，针套7下端延伸出出针口且套接有保护套8，所述保护套8上端与壳体1抵靠。
壳体1内设置有自下而上相互导通且同轴设置的第一通道11和第二通道 12，第一通道11的截面面积小于第二通道12的截面面积。第一通道11和第二通道12的形状相同，且第一通道11和第二通道12的连接处为阶梯状。第一通道11和第二通道12的截面均为长方形，第一通道11的截面长度小于第二通道12的截面长度，使滑套2的滑动更加稳定，防止滑套2在第一通道11或第二通道12内转动。第一通道11和第二通道12也可为圆形或正方形，只要第一通道11的截面面积小于第二通道12的截面面积即可。滑套2能在第一通道11和第二通道12间滑动。
滑套2内设置有供针芯3滑动的第三滑道，滑套2自上端开口处向下端延伸有若干条形槽21，条形槽21为位于上端的滑套2侧壁提供径向向外变形的弹性。滑套2包括一体成型且上下设置的涨套部22和按压部23，按压部23能延伸至壳体1外部，涨套部22与第一通道11匹配且条形槽21设置在涨套部22，当涨套部22在第一通道11内时，处于自由状态，且滑套2侧壁间的距离略小于滑块31间的距离。按压部23便于和采血处抵靠，且涨套部22便于滑块31的抵靠。当涨套部22在外力作用下进入第二滑到时，涨套部22的外壁在滑块31的挤压下，利用自身弹力下胀开，滑套2上端开口变大，此时滑块31间的距离小于滑套2上端开口的大小，滑块31能进入滑套2内滑动。
针芯3的侧壁向外延伸有至少一个抵靠在滑套2的侧壁上端的滑块31，滑套2位于第一通道11内时，滑块31抵靠在滑套2的侧壁上端。当滑套2在外力作用下移动到第二通道12内时，滑套2外壁胀开，滑块31的宽度不变，针芯3进入滑套2的第三滑道，并在第一弹簧4作用下在滑套2内快速滑动并刺出出针口。
涨套部22的侧壁还设置有与滑块31对应设置且供滑块31滑动的滑槽221，滑槽221为两个，对称设置在涨套部22的侧壁上。滑槽221对滑块31起到导 向作用，使针芯3沿着滑槽221垂直滑动。涨套部22的侧壁还设置有与滑槽221对应设置的限位槽222，限位槽222沿涨套部22侧壁的上端开口处向下开设，滑块31嵌设在限位槽222内。便于初始状态时，滑块31的固定。第一通道11的侧壁还设置有与滑槽221对应设置的导向凸条111，滑槽221沿导向凸条111上下滑动，导向凸条111起到导向作用，提高滑套2上下滑动的稳定性。
针芯3的外壁向外延伸有安装凸起32，安装凸起32位于滑块31的上端，第一弹簧4的一端套设在针芯3上并与安装凸起32抵靠，上盖5上设置有供第一弹簧4另一端嵌入的环形槽。
还包括复位弹簧6，复位弹簧6过盈套接在针芯3上，另一端能与滑套2的下端开口处抵靠，复位弹簧6在针芯3露出出针口时处于压缩状态。针芯3外壁向外延伸有第二安装凸起32，复位弹簧6的一端套设在针芯3外与第二安装凸起32抵靠，且第二安装凸起32位于滑块31下端，复位弹簧6在针芯3露出出针口时处于压缩状态，初始状态时，复位弹簧6不与滑套2抵靠，处于自由状态，此时下端悬空。针头在采血完成后，在复位弹簧6作用下迅速上移缩回按压部23内，提高安全性。
组装时，首先将滑套2自上而下插入外壳内，整个滑套2进入第一通道11内。再将复位弹簧6套装在针芯3前端，针芯3自上而下插入滑套2直至针芯3上的滑块31抵靠在限位槽222内。将第一弹簧4套装在针芯3上，并该好上盖5，最后自出针口处插入针套7并盖上保护套8，完成组装。初始时，滑套2下端延伸出出针口，此时滑套2位于第一通道11内，第一通道11的截面面积与滑套2的截面面积相同，滑套2的侧壁处于自由状态，针芯3的滑块31抵靠在滑套2的侧壁上端。但需要采血时，取下针套7和保护套8，滑套2下段抵靠在采血部，手持壳体1向下按压，滑套2相对壳体1上移，此时开设有条形槽21 的滑套2上端进入第二通道12，第二通道12的截面面积大于第一通道11，此时滑套2外壁在滑块31挤压下利用自身弹力胀开，胀开后的开口宽度大于滑块31件的距离，滑块31进入第三滑道，针芯3落入滑套2的第三通道内，在第一弹簧4作用下快速滑动并刺出出针口以完成采血。通过条形槽21、设置，使滑套2自身具有一个径向变形的弹性，并利用滑块31使滑套2的涨套部22径向向外扩张，便于限制针芯3和实现针芯3的快速稳定的弹射。且结构简单，便于组装。
以上实施方式只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人了解本发明的内容并加以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围，凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种按压式采血针，包括壳体(1)、滑套(2)、针芯(3)和第一弹簧(4)，所述壳体(1)下端形成出针口，上端可拆卸连接有上盖(5)，所述滑套(2)能在壳体(1)内滑动且下端能从出针口延伸至壳体(1)外部，所述针芯(3)下端设有针头，且能相对滑套(2)滑动以在出针口露出针头，所述第一弹簧(4)的一端与针芯(3)抵靠，另一端与上盖(5)抵靠，其特征在于：所述壳体(1)内设置有自下而上相互导通且同轴设置的第一通道(11)和第二通道(12)，所述第一通道(11)的截面面积小于第二通道(12)的截面面积，所述滑套(2)自上端开口处向下端延伸有若干条形槽(21)，所述条形槽(21)为位于上端的滑套(2)侧壁提供径向向外变形的弹性，所述针芯(3)的侧壁向外延伸有至少一个抵靠在滑套(2)侧壁上端的滑块(31)，所述滑套(2)位于第一通道(11)内时，所述滑块(31)抵靠在滑套(2)的侧壁上端，当所述滑套(2)在外力作用下移动到第二通道(12)内时，所述滑套(2)外壁在滑块(31)挤压下胀开，所述针芯(3)在第一弹簧(4)作用下在滑套(2)内滑动并刺出出针口。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种按压式采血针，其特征在于：所述第一通道(11)和第二通道(12)的形状相同，且第一通道(11)和第二通道(12)的连接处为阶梯状，所述滑套(2)包括一体成型且上下设置的涨套部(22)和按压部(23)，所述按压部(23)能延伸至壳体(1)外部，所述涨套部(22)与第一通道(11)匹配且条形槽(21)设置在涨套部(22)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种按压式采血针，其特征在于：所述第一通道(11)和第二通道(12)的截面均为长方形，所述第一通道(11)的截面长度小于第二通道(12)的截面长度。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种按压式采血针，其特征在于：所述涨套部(22) 的侧壁还设置有与滑块(31)对应设置且供滑块(31)滑动的滑槽(221)，所述滑槽(221)为两个，对称设置在涨套部(22)的侧壁上。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种按压式采血针，其特征在于：所述涨套部(22)的侧壁还设置有与滑槽(221)对应设置的限位槽(222)，所述限位槽(222)沿涨套部(22)侧壁的上端开口处向下开设，所述滑块(31)嵌设在限位槽(222)内。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种按压式采血针，其特征在于：所述第一通道(11)的侧壁还设置有与滑槽(221)对应设置的导向凸条(111)，所述滑槽(221)沿导向凸条(111)上下滑动。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种按压式采血针，其特征在于：所述针芯(3)的外壁向外延伸有安装凸起(32)，所述安装凸起(32)位于滑块的上端，所述第一弹簧(4)的一端套设在针芯(3)上并与安装凸起(32)抵靠，所述上盖(5)上设置有供第一弹簧(4)另一端嵌入的环形槽。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一所述的一种按压式采血针，其特征在于：还包括复位弹簧(6)，所述复位弹簧(6)过盈套接在针芯(3)上，另一端能与滑套(2)的下端开口处抵靠，所述复位弹簧(6)在针芯(3)露出出针口时处于压缩状态。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种按压式采血针，其特征在于：还包括防护组件，所述防护组件包括过盈套接在针头上的针套(7)，所述针套(7)下端延伸出出针口且套接有保护套(8)，所述保护套(8)上端与壳体(1)抵靠。
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