WO2022193826A1

WO2022193826A1 - Method and system for flexibly and accurately separating positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium battery

Info

Publication number: WO2022193826A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/072625
Authority: WO
Inventors: 田勇; 陈建军; 闵杰
Original assignee: 深圳清研装备科技有限公司
Priority date: 2021-03-16
Filing date: 2022-01-18
Publication date: 2022-09-22
Also published as: JP2024512282A; CN113097592B; CN113097592A; DE112022000681T5

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and system for flexibly and accurately separating positive and negative electrode materials of a waste lithium battery. The method comprises: putting a mixed material with a waste lithium battery diaphragm and positive and negative electrode plates into a rotatable roller arranged in an inner cavity of a flexible separation device, introducing a liquid, and under the relative movement between repeated clockwise and anti-clockwise rotation of the roller and the liquid, separating the diaphragm, the positive electrode plate, a negative electrode material and a negative electrode current collector; discharging and recovering the diaphragm from an overflow port, discharging the negative electrode material, the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode current collector from the flexible separation device, and then performing filtering and separation on same; separating the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode current collector by means of a photoelectric color sorting device after drying; and then, separating a positive electrode material from a positive electrode current collector by means of a fine crusher, and separating the negative electrode material in the negative electrode current collector with a small amount of residual negative electrode material from the negative electrode current collector. According to the present invention, precise separation of the materials is achieved in a flexible manner, the recovered diaphragm is free of impurities, only one corresponding impurity needs to be treated for the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material, the impurity content is low, and three kinds of waste are not discharged.

Description

Flexible and precise separation method and system for positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of waste lithium battery recycling, and in particular relates to a flexible and precise separation method and system for positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries.

Background technique

At present, there are generally two types of recycling processes for waste lithium batteries. One mainstream process is to obtain mixed powder of positive and negative electrodes through front-end physical sorting, and then use hydrometallurgy to make high-value utilization of valuable metal elements in black powder. Another process is to obtain positive electrode powder and negative electrode powder by front-end physical sorting method, and then use direct regeneration or hydrometallurgy method to utilize the valuable metal elements in the positive electrode material with high value. Compared with the first method, the second method has lower recovery cost, lower acid-base loss, less three wastes, and simpler recovery process. However, the physical separation of positive and negative electrode powder in the second method currently has the following problems, which make it difficult to popularize this technology: 1) The positive electrode powder obtained after separation has low grade and low recovery rate. In the prior art, the mainstream process of separating positive and negative electrodes adopts flotation method. In this method, the positive and negative electrode mixed powder obtained after crushing, sorting and pretreatment is subjected to multi-stage flotation to obtain the positive electrode material and the graphite negative electrode material. Therefore, the positive electrode material obtained by separation contains a large amount of graphite, and the graphite contains a large amount of positive electrode material, so the positive electrode powder obtained after separation by this method has a low grade and a low recovery rate; 2) The positive electrode obtained after separation The material cannot be directly regenerated by the solid-phase method, which limits the high-value regeneration path of discarded lithium batteries. Because the obtained positive electrode powder has low taste, especially contains impurities such as graphite and copper, it is difficult for graphite to generate carbon oxidizing gas and discharge at conventional high temperatures. Copper and nickel-cobalt have similar properties. Copper is almost infeasible, so it is difficult to achieve cathode material regeneration by solid-phase method; 3) There are many kinds of impurities obtained after separation, the wet recovery process is complicated, and the amount of acid and alkali is large. The existing flotation process is aimed at separating the positive and negative mixed powder obtained by crushing. In this method, the positive and negative electrode powders contain impurities of copper and aluminum, and the positive electrode powder obtained after flotation is difficult to avoid containing copper and aluminum impurities. Copper and aluminum impurities need to be considered at the same time when recycling, and the impurity removal process is more complicated.

technical problem

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, and firstly provides a flexible and precise separation method of positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries, which can realize the precise separation of waste lithium battery separators, positive electrode materials, and negative electrode materials, and satisfies the requirement of regeneration. requirements, and the process is simple, the process is short, the cost is low, and industrial mass production can be realized.

technical solutions

The flexible and precise separation method for positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

S1 discharges the waste lithium battery, and uses physical methods to separate the mixed material with separator and positive and negative plates after crushing;

S2 set a flexible separation device, the flexible separation device has an inner cavity, a rotatable drum is arranged in the inner cavity, a plurality of filter holes are arranged on the drum, and the mixture with the diaphragm and the positive and negative electrode sheets is fed. into the drum, the liquid is passed into the inner cavity, the density of the liquid is greater than the density of the diaphragm, and both are smaller than the densities of the positive and negative plates, through the drum repeated forward and reverse rotation and the liquid The relative movement between the diaphragm and the positive and negative plates separates the impurities on the diaphragm, and at the same time, most of the negative electrode material is separated from the negative electrode current collector;

S3 causes the drum to rotate in a directional direction, the separated and rinsed diaphragm is discharged with the liquid from the overflow port provided at the upper end of the flexible separation device, the diaphragm is collected, and a small amount of negative electrode material is collected with the filtrate and filtered for recovery;

S4 makes the mixture material with the negative electrode material, the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector discharged from the flexible separation device, separates the negative electrode material from the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector by filtering, and recovers the negative electrode material;

S5 heats and dries the separated mixture with the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector, and then separates the positive electrode sheet from the negative electrode current collector through a photoelectric color sorting device;

In S6, the color-selected positive electrode sheet and negative electrode current collector are respectively placed in a fine crusher to separate the positive electrode material from the positive electrode current collector, and the negative electrode material in the negative electrode current collector with a small amount of residual negative electrode material is separated from the negative electrode current collector.

According to the above method, the present invention also provides a flexible and precise separation system for positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries, including a feeding hopper, a flexible separation device, a mesh belt conveyor, a drying device, a color sorting device and a fine crusher. The flexible separation device includes a cavity with an inner cavity, the center of the inner cavity is provided with a drum that can be rotated forward and reversed around the central axis of the inner cavity, the drum is provided with a plurality of filter holes, and the upper end of the cavity is provided. Or the top is connected with an overflow pipe that communicates with the inner cavity, the outlet of the overflow pipe is provided with a vibrating screen, and the bottom of the cavity is provided with a discharge port, which corresponds to the inlet of the mesh belt conveyor. The outlet of the conveyor corresponds to the inlet of the drying device, the outlet of the drying device is correspondingly provided with the color sorting device, and the outlet of the color sorting device is correspondingly provided with a positive electrode piece receiving hopper and a negative electrode current collector receiving hopper, and the positive electrode piece is connected to the hopper. The hopper is docked with the first fine crusher, and the negative collector current hopper is docked with the second fine crusher.

beneficial effect

The present invention has the following technical effects: (1) In the present invention, the diaphragm and the mixture of positive and negative electrode sheets are put into the flexible separation device together, and the flexible impact force of the liquid is used to effectively separate the diaphragm from the positive and negative electrode sheets, and the negative electrode material is separated from the positive and negative electrode sheets. The separation of the negative electrode current collector is achieved by the flexible impact of liquid, which is not only conducive to the separation of the diaphragm and the negative electrode material, but also the separation process will not damage the diaphragm, positive electrode sheet, negative electrode material and negative electrode current collector, effectively guaranteeing The integrity of the above-mentioned materials itself is avoided, and the possibility of adhesion of each material and impurities is avoided, and the existence of the diaphragm can not only alleviate the direct friction, collision and wear between the positive and negative plates and between the roller and the roller, but also The negative electrode material and the negative electrode current collector are easily separated, and the content of metal impurities in the negative electrode material is greatly reduced; (2) the present invention realizes the separation of the negative electrode material from the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector through a mesh belt conveyor, avoiding various The wear of the material makes the negative electrode material free of positive electrode powder and impurity aluminum, and the impurity copper content is extremely low, so that it is possible to directly regenerate graphite without removing copper by acid leaching; (3) The graphite negative electrode material obtained by filtration after flexible peeling in the present invention can be Direct regeneration, no need to remove metal impurities, the graphite negative electrode obtained by fine crushing only needs to remove copper metal impurities. The solid-phase regeneration of the positive electrode material obtained by fine crushing only needs to remove aluminum impurities, without considering the influence of impurities copper and graphite on the material properties, which provides a strong guarantee for the direct dry solid-phase regeneration of the positive electrode material; (4) The compatibility of the present invention Strong, compatible with ternary, lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobaltate and lithium manganate batteries; (5) The entire process of the present invention adopts the physical sorting method, does not need to use acid and alkali to separate, and has no "three wastes" discharge. The positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries are highly efficient, low-cost, and accurately separated, and the impurity content is low, which effectively improves the phase purity of the positive and negative electrode materials after recycling, and makes it possible to directly industrialize solid-phase regeneration of lithium iron phosphate and ternary positive electrode materials. The discharged solution is filtered to recover the negative electrode material, and the liquid can be recycled, which greatly saves the recycling cost of waste lithium batteries, is conducive to industrialized large-scale production, meets the needs of the current industry, and has a very broad application prospect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the flexible and precise separation method of waste lithium battery separator and positive and negative electrode materials provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

S1 discharges the waste lithium battery, and after crushing, adopts a physical method to separate and separate the mixed material with the waste lithium battery separator and positive and negative plates.

The waste lithium batteries of the present invention include waste ternary lithium batteries, waste lithium iron phosphate batteries, waste lithium cobaltate batteries and waste lithium manganate batteries, and the positive electrode sheet is composed of a positive electrode material and a positive electrode current collector. The negative electrode sheet is composed of a negative electrode material and a negative electrode current collector, wherein the negative electrode material is graphite, the positive electrode current collector is aluminum foil, and the negative electrode current collector is copper foil.

In this step, the waste lithium battery can be discharged through the charging and discharging machine, so that the battery voltage is lower than 1V, so as to ensure the safety of the subsequent processing process, and then automatically dismantled and separated by physical methods such as mechanical crushing, magnetic separation, and screening. The 100mm irregular sheet or curled separator and the positive and negative sheet mixture are convenient for the processing of the subsequent steps, and the battery casing can be directly recycled.

S2 Set up a flexible separation device, the flexible separation device has an inner cavity, a rotatable drum is arranged in the inner cavity, a plurality of filter holes are arranged on the drum, the mixed material with the diaphragm and the positive and negative electrode sheets is put into the drum, and then the The liquid is introduced into the inner cavity, so that the density of the introduced liquid is greater than the density of the diaphragm, but both are smaller than the density of the positive and negative plates. And flush the impurities on the diaphragm, and at the same time make most of the negative electrode material separate from the negative electrode current collector.

Referring to FIG. 2 , in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the flexible separation device 3 includes a cylindrical cavity 35 , and the cavity 35 has an inner cavity 32 . The drum 31 that rotates on the axis a-a, the drum 31 has a bottom and a side wall, the upper end is open, the side wall and the bottom of the drum 31 are provided with a plurality of filter holes 311, and the drum 31 is sent into the crushing and sorting. At the same time, the liquid is introduced from the side end of the inner cavity 32. The liquid is water and enters the drum 31 through each filter hole 311. The drum 31 can be driven by a motor (not shown) in the inner cavity 32 around the central axis a-a repeatedly Forward rotation (clockwise rotation) and reverse rotation (counterclockwise rotation), since the inner cavity 32 and the drum 31 are filled with liquid, after the mixed material with positive and negative plates and diaphragms is put into the drum 31, the rotation of the drum 31 The liquid will be driven to rotate, the liquid will drive the mixed material to rotate, and the drum 31 will rotate in the opposite direction after each rotation for a period of time, and a relative motion will be formed between the forward and reverse rotation of the drum 31 and the liquid. During this process, the mixed material will change as follows: When the drum 31 stops rotating and rotates in the opposite direction, it will have an impact on the liquid. Under this impact, the mixed material in the liquid will be instantly dispersed. Because the liquid density is higher than that of the diaphragm, it is smaller than that of the positive and negative electrodes. , the lighter diaphragm will float upward, while the heavier positive and negative plates will sink. In this way, the broken separator, the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet can be separated under the impact of the liquid, and the impact force of the liquid can also wash the surface of the separated separator, which can remove impurities on the separator . At the same time, since the negative electrode material (graphite) on the negative electrode sheet is coated on the negative electrode current collector (copper foil), the binder used is a water-based binder. The negative electrode material is peeled off from the negative electrode current collector and dissolved in the liquid, and the continuous impact of the liquid will further accelerate this peeling, and wash the residual water-based adhesive on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, exposing the negative electrode current collector (copper foil) darker color. Since the drum 31 has a plurality of filter holes 311 , the stripped negative electrode material will be filtered out of the filter holes 311 along with the rotation of the drum 31 .

The above-mentioned flexible separation device provided by the present invention can achieve the following technical effects: (1) separating the diaphragm from the positive and negative electrode sheets; (2) peeling the negative electrode material from the negative electrode current collector; (3) liquid caused by the rotation of the drum The impact is a soft impact. During the separation of the diaphragm and the peeling of the negative electrode material from the negative electrode current collector, the diaphragm, the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode material and the negative electrode current collector will not be damaged, which effectively avoids static electricity when the diaphragm is removed in the prior art. The external conditions caused by eddy current selection lead to the adhesion of more powder, which makes the above materials contain more impurities and causes the loss of powder; (4) Due to the existence of the diaphragm, it also buffers the direct friction and collision between the positive and negative plates and the The collision with the roller will cause the metal anode current collector to wear out and generate metal fine powder, which leads to the problem that the subsequently collected powder contains relatively high metal impurities.

Specifically, in this step, the volume ratio of the mixed material to the liquid put into the drum 31 is 1/10000-1/10. The diameter of the filter hole 311 on the drum 31 in the flexible separation device 3 is 0.5-5 mm, which is suitable for the size of the mixed material after being crushed in step S1. Rotate in the opposite direction once with a stop time of 3 to 60 seconds. After rotating for 5 min to 120 min, the separator can be completely separated from the positive and negative electrode sheets, and most of the negative electrode materials can be peeled off from the negative electrode current collector.

The design of the filter holes 311 on the drum 31 of the present invention can make the negative electrode material that falls off be discharged out of the drum 31 under the centrifugal force of the rotation of the drum 31, so as to avoid the friction with the negative electrode current collector when remaining in the drum 31 to generate metal impurities. This is because the metal impurity particles generally produced are relatively fine, about 300 mesh, and it is difficult to achieve separation even by sieving, which will undoubtedly increase the separation cost. Therefore, the above-mentioned design of the present invention can avoid impurities generated by friction between the negative electrode material and the negative electrode current collector and the positive electrode sheet. In addition, when the negative electrode current collector is damaged and falls into smaller particles, it can be directly discharged with the filter hole 311, and the negative electrode current collector can also be avoided. The wear is smaller and does not facilitate the separation of the subsequent steps.

Further referring to FIG. 2 , the present invention can also be provided with a propeller 34 that rotates synchronously with the central axis a-a below the drum 31. The propeller 34 and the drum 31 are spaced apart. An upward axial thrust is generated, so that the liquid in the drum 31 is subjected to the axial thrust from the propeller 34 while the drum 31 drives the radial rotation, thereby causing a multi-directional flexible impact force on the mixed material in the drum 31. On the one hand It can speed up the complete separation between the diaphragm and the positive and negative electrode sheets and the peeling speed of the negative electrode material from the negative electrode current collector. On the other hand, its upward axial thrust can promote the separated diaphragm in the drum 31 to move upward at an accelerated rate and float on the liquid. , and push the diaphragm to move towards the overflow port at the top (or upper end) of the cavity 35 . Since the propeller 34 is arranged under the drum 31, the direct contact between the mixed material and the propeller 34 can be avoided, the damage to the mixed material can be reduced, and the generation of impurities can be reduced.

S3 rotates the drum directionally, the separated and rinsed diaphragm is discharged with the liquid from the overflow port provided by the flexible separation device, the diaphragm is collected, and a small amount of negative electrode material is collected with the filtrate and recovered by filtration.

This step is the collection process of the diaphragm. In the structural design of the flexible separation device 3 , the upper end or top of the cavity 35 is provided with an overflow pipe 4 communicating with the inner cavity 32 , and the outlet of the overflow pipe 4 is connected to the vibrating screen 5 . Because the density of the diaphragm is smaller than that of the liquid, after the liquid continuously pours in from the bottom of the inner cavity 32, in the process of the repeated forward and reverse rotation of the drum 31, the separated and rinsed diaphragm gradually floats on the liquid. The drum 31 rotates directionally for 5-30 minutes, and the floating diaphragm will enter the overflow pipe 4 with the liquid from the overflow port set at the top or the upper end of the cavity 35, and discharge together with the liquid, and then filter through the screen on the vibrating screen 5, vibrating The sieve hole diameter is 0.5-5mm, the material on the sieve is a diaphragm, and the material under the sieve is a mixture of liquid and a very small part of the negative electrode material. The material under the sieve can be uniformly filtered to recover the negative electrode material powder. .

S4 discharges the mixture material with negative electrode material, positive electrode sheet and negative electrode current collector from the flexible separation device, separates the negative electrode material from the positive electrode sheet and negative electrode current collector by means of filtration, and recovers the negative electrode material.

After step S3, the liquid in the drum 31 contains positive electrode sheets, negative electrode materials, and negative electrode current collectors (including a small amount of negative electrode current collectors with residual negative electrode materials). At this time, the drum discharge valve 33 designed at the lower end of the drum 31 and the flexible The separation device discharge valve 7, the above-mentioned mixed material can be discharged from the discharge port provided by the flexible separation device 3 with the liquid, and enters the mesh belt conveyor 9 connected with the discharge port, and a plurality of mesh holes are arranged on the conveyor belt of the mesh belt conveyor 9, The mesh aperture is 0.5 to 5 mm. Since the negative electrode material is graphite powder, the liquid and the negative electrode material are easily filtered out from the mesh, and a mixture of positive electrode sheets and negative electrode current collectors (including a small amount of negative electrode current collectors with negative electrode materials) remains on the conveyor belt of the mesh belt conveyor 9. In this way, the negative electrode material is separated from the above-mentioned mixed material.

After the negative electrode material is filtered out with the liquid, the negative electrode material powder is recovered by filtration treatment, and the liquid is recycled.

In this step, the mesh belt conveyor 9 realizes the separation of the powdered negative electrode material and the liquid mixture from the solid positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector (including a small amount of negative electrode current collector with residual negative electrode material), which, on the one hand, creates a new generation for subsequent color selection. On the other hand, under the action of the liquid, the powdery negative electrode material can be filtered out of the mesh with the liquid, and it is not necessary to use the vibration method of the prior art to separate the powder and bulk material, which avoids the wear of each material, and at the same time Also, the defect of containing metal impurities in the negative electrode material powder caused by the vibration mode is avoided, and the negative electrode material can be directly regenerated without removing metal impurities.

S5 heats and dries the separated mixed material with positive electrode sheets and negative electrode current collectors (containing a small amount of negative electrode current collectors with residual negative electrode materials), and then uses a color sorting device to separate the positive electrode sheets and negative electrode current collectors (containing a small amount of residual negative electrode materials). collector) separation.

After the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector (including a small amount of negative electrode current collector with negative electrode material remaining) are separated from the negative electrode material by the mesh belt conveyor 9, they still contain a lot of moisture. The mixed material of the negative electrode current collector with the negative electrode material remaining) is sent into the heating device 10, the heating temperature can be 50-150 °C, and the heating time is 0.5-12 h, so that the above-mentioned materials can be dried, because in the presence of moisture, the material is easy to Bonding is not conducive to subsequent sorting.

After the drying process is completed, the mixed material of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector (containing a small amount of negative electrode current collector with residual negative electrode material) enters the color sorting device 14 . The color sorting device 14 can choose a photoelectric color sorting device. Since the negative electrode current collector is generally copper foil, after the negative electrode material is peeled off from the negative electrode sheet, the surface of the copper foil has a certain chromaticity. A chromatic copper foil to separate the negative electrode current collector (containing a small amount of residual negative electrode material) from the positive electrode sheet.

This step adopts the prior art photoelectric color sorting equipment, which is fast and convenient, and can accurately separate the negative electrode current collector (the negative electrode current collector containing a small amount of residual negative electrode material) from the positive electrode sheet.

S6 Put the color-selected positive electrode sheet and negative electrode current collector into a fine crusher respectively, to separate the positive electrode material from the positive electrode current collector, and separate the negative electrode material in the negative electrode current collector with a small amount of residual negative electrode material from the negative electrode current collector.

This step makes use of the difference in ductility between the positive electrode current collector aluminum foil and the positive electrode material adhered to it, the negative electrode current collector copper foil and the negative electrode graphite material adhered on it, and uses the prior art hammer crusher to process the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector. Specifically, the first fine crusher 17 is used to depowder the positive electrode sheet. Due to the constant impact of the hammer crusher, the metal particles of the positive electrode sheet become smaller, and the positive electrode material on the metal surface is hard and easily falls off. After sieving, the rolled up granular aluminum particles (positive electrode current collector particles) and powdered positive electrode powder can be obtained. Similarly, the second fine crusher 18 is used to depowder the negative electrode current collector (containing a small amount of negative electrode current collector with residual negative electrode material). Due to the continuous impact of the hammer crusher, the metal particles of the negative electrode current collector become smaller, and the metal surface of the negative electrode current collector becomes smaller. The negative electrode material is hard and easy to fall off. After vibrating and sieving, the rolled up granular copper particles (negative electrode current collector particles) and powdered negative electrode powder can be obtained.

The above process of the present invention completely realizes the flexible and precise separation between the diaphragm and the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, between the positive electrode material and the positive electrode current collector (aluminum foil), and between the negative electrode material and the negative electrode current collector (copper foil). In the method, the separator is first separated from the positive and negative electrode sheets, and then the active material on the negative electrode sheet is separated from the negative electrode sheet, which can avoid the mixing of the negative electrode material and the negative electrode current collector copper impurities in the obtained positive electrode material. The mixing of aluminum in the cathode current collector, the recovered diaphragm does not contain powder, and the impurity content of the cathode and anode materials is very low, which reduces the burden on the back-end wet recovery and impurity removal, and effectively solves the traditional subsequent wet regeneration. Impurities, (because the obtained powder contains a lot of copper, aluminum and graphite impurities), require complex processes, and consume a large amount of defects such as acid and alkali, and only need to deal with a corresponding impurity after the process of the present invention. , and the graphite negative electrode material obtained by flexible peeling and filtering does not need to remove impurities, the graphite negative electrode obtained by fine crushing only needs to remove copper impurities, and the positive electrode material obtained by fine crushing only needs to remove aluminum impurities. At the same time, the positive electrode material is not affected by metal impurity elements, which provides a strong guarantee for direct dry solid-phase regeneration. The discharged solution is filtered to recover the negative electrode material, and the liquid can be recycled.

The method of the invention can be compatible with various types of lithium batteries, has a simple process, saves the amount of acid and alkali used in the back-end wet process, and effectively reduces the recycling cost of waste lithium batteries. Moreover, since the negative electrode material is peeled off by liquid flexible impact, the content of copper and aluminum impurities is extremely low, which can meet the needs of direct regeneration of graphite. At the same time, since the positive and negative electrodes are separated and finely crushed, the impurity copper in the positive electrode material is almost zero, and its aluminum impurities are almost zero. The content can also meet the needs of direct regeneration after simple treatment, and can realize industrial production.

Referring to FIG. 2 , according to the above method, the present invention also provides a flexible and precise separation system for positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries, including a feeding hopper 1 , a flexible separation device 3 , a mesh belt conveyor 9 , a drying device 10 , and a color sorting device 14 , the first fine crusher 17 and the second fine crusher 18, wherein:

The flexible separation device 3 includes a cylindrical cavity 35 with an inner cavity 32. The upper end of the cavity 35 is provided with a conical collecting end 36, the bottom is provided with an inverted conical discharge end 37, and the lower end of the cavity 35 is provided with a side surface. There is a liquid inlet pipe 351, which is controlled by the liquid inlet control valve 352 to open and close, and the liquid (water) enters the inner cavity 32 through the liquid inlet pipe 351; a-a is a drum 31 that is forward and reversed. The drum 31 is a cylindrical member with an open upper end enclosed by a side wall and a bottom. The bottom and the side wall are both provided with a plurality of filter holes 311. The rotating shaft (not shown) at the bottom is driven to rotate. The rotation of the rotating shaft is driven by a peripheral motor, and the opening, closing and steering are controlled by the controller. The rotating speed of the drum 31 is 50-1500r/min. At the lower end of the side wall of the drum 31 , a discharge pipe 38 is provided, which is controlled by the drum discharge valve 33 . Driven by the motor, the drum 31 rotates in the opposite direction every 5 to 120 seconds, and the stop time is 3 to 60 seconds. After rotating for 5 min to 120 min, the diaphragm is separated from the positive and negative electrode sheets and the negative electrode material is separated from the negative electrode current collector. The drum 31 Then rotate for 5 to 30 minutes in a directional direction, so that the washed and clean diaphragm floats upward in the drum 31 gradually.

The feeding hopper 1 is located above the cavity 35. The feeding hopper 1 passes through the conical collecting end 36 through a pipeline, and its outlet is located at the top of the drum 31. The pipes are fed into the drum 31 . A feeding control valve 2 is also provided on the pipeline of the feeding hopper 1 to control the amount of mixed materials entering the drum 31 .

The upper end or the top of the conical collecting end 36 on the cavity 35 is provided with an overflow port (shown in FIG. 2 at the top of the conical collecting end 36, or on the side of the upper end), which is connected to the overflow pipe 4 That is, the overflow pipe 4 communicates with the inner cavity 32 through the conical collecting end 36 , and the separated and rinsed diaphragm will slowly float upward on the liquid from the drum 31 and be discharged from the overflow pipe 4 with the liquid. The design of the conical collecting end 36 can prevent the diaphragm from remaining in the drum 31, which is beneficial to all the diaphragms being discharged, so that the remaining mixed material in the drum 31 is not entrained by the diaphragm. There is a vibrating screen 5 below the outlet of the overflow pipe 4, and the diaphragm falls into the screen set on the vibrating screen 5 after being discharged with the liquid. The mixture of materials falls into the liquid recovery box 6 below the vibrating screen 5, and the negative electrode material powder is recovered, and the liquid is recycled.

At the lower end of the cavity 35, there is an inverted conical discharge end 37. After the diaphragm is discharged from the overflow pipe 4, the drum discharge valve 33 is opened, and the mixed materials (positive electrode sheet, negative electrode material, negative electrode collector) in the drum 31 are opened. The fluid and a small amount of negative electrode current collector with residual negative electrode material) are discharged from the discharge pipe 38 into the inner cavity 35 with the liquid, and fall into the inner bottom of the discharge end 37 under the action of gravity. The material valve 7 controls the discharge from the discharge port, and the discharge port is connected to the inlet of the mesh belt conveyor 9.

The mesh belt conveyor 9 has a conveyor belt 91 with a plurality of mesh holes on it. The mesh hole diameter of the conveyor belt is 0.5 to 5 mm. The bottom end is provided with a liquid outlet pipe 92, which is controlled by a liquid outlet valve 93. The mesh belt conveyor 9 The conveyor belt 91 is inclined in two sections, wherein the inclination angle of the second section is greater than the inclination angle of the first section. It is beneficial to the filtration and discharge of the mixed material, and the floor space can be saved. The mixed material with positive electrode sheet, negative electrode material, and negative electrode current collector (including a small amount of negative electrode current collector with negative electrode material remaining) is discharged from the bottom discharge port in the discharge end 37, and then falls onto the mesh of the mesh belt conveyor 9 conveyor belt 91, Since the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector (including the negative electrode current collector with a small amount of residual negative electrode material) are irregular sheets or curly shapes with a certain size, and the negative electrode material is powder, the liquid and the negative electrode material can be filtered through the mesh. Under the action of gravity, it flows along the inclined bottom of the mesh belt conveyor 9 to the liquid outlet pipe 92 at the bottom end, and is filtered through the negative electrode material recovery box 8 arranged under the liquid outlet pipe 92 to recover the negative electrode material powder. The mixed material of the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode current collector and the remaining negative electrode sheet is retained on the conveyor belt 91 of the mesh belt conveyor 9, so that the negative electrode material is separated from the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector (including a small amount of the negative electrode current collector with residual negative electrode material).

At the position corresponding to the outlet of the mesh belt conveyor 9, a drying device 10 is provided, and the mixture of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector (including a small amount of negative electrode current collector with residual negative electrode material) is filtered by the mesh belt conveyor 9 and then enters the drying device. within 10. The drying device 10 includes a heating furnace 101 and a conveyor belt 102 that can be driven by a driving mechanism to move the conveyor belt 102. The mixture of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector (containing a small amount of residual negative electrode material) on the conveyor belt 102 can be treated. The material is heated during the conveying process to evaporate the moisture in the mixed material, which is beneficial to the subsequent sorting. The outlet of the drying device 10 is provided with a mixed material conveyor 11 , the mixed material conveyor 11 is inclined upward, and is provided with a feeding conveyor belt 111 . into the corresponding photoelectric color sorting device 14 .

The color sorting device 14 is a photoelectric color sorting equipment, including a color sorting processing chamber 141. The upper entrance of the color sorting processing chamber 141 is provided with a vibrating feeder 12, and the inlet of the vibrating feeder 12 is connected to the outlet of the feeding conveyor belt 111, and the vibrating feeding is performed. The outlet of the machine 12 is provided with an inclined feeding slide 13. The feeding slide 13 corresponds to the inlet of the color sorting chamber 141. The outlet of the bottom of the color sorting chamber 141 is provided with a high-speed sorting jet valve 142, and a positive plate receiving hopper is provided below the outlet. 16 and the negative electrode current collector receiving hopper 15. After the mixed material with positive electrode sheet and negative electrode current collector (including a small amount of negative electrode current collector with residual negative electrode material) is dried, it is evenly conveyed by the feeding conveyor belt 111 and reaches the vibrating feeder 12 set above the color sorting device 14. The vibration of the machine 12 causes the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector (including a small amount of negative electrode current collector with residual negative electrode material) to fall evenly into the color sorting processing chamber 141 along the feeding slide 13 . After entering the color sorting processing chamber 141, it passes between the image processing sensor set in the color sorting processing chamber 141 and the background. Under the action of the light source, the image processing sensor receives the synthetic light signal from the above materials, so that the system generates an output The signal is amplified and transmitted to the control system, and then the control system sends out instructions to drive the high-speed sorting jet valve 142 to act, blowing the dark negative electrode current collector (containing a small amount of negative electrode current collector with residual negative electrode material) to the corresponding In the negative electrode receiving hopper 15, the positive electrode sheet automatically falls into the corresponding positive electrode receiving hopper 16 under the action of its own weight, so that the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector (including the negative electrode current collector with a small amount of residual negative electrode material) are accurately separated.

The positive electrode pieces obtained after sorting are taken out from the positive electrode receiving hopper 16 and sent to the first refining crusher 17. The first refining crusher 17 uses a hammer crusher to continuously hit the positive electrode pieces to make the positive electrode materials on the positive electrode pieces detach. The positive electrode current collector (aluminum foil) is then vibrated and sieved to obtain positive electrode current collector particles and powdered positive electrode powder. The negative electrode current collector obtained after sorting (containing a small amount of negative electrode current collector with residual negative electrode material) is taken out from the negative electrode receiving hopper 15 and sent to the second refining crusher 18, and the second refining crusher 18 adopts a hammer crusher The negative electrode current collector with a small amount of residual negative electrode material is continuously impacted, so that a small amount of residual negative electrode material is separated from the negative electrode current collector (copper foil), and then vibrated and sieved to obtain negative electrode current collector particles and powdery negative electrode powder. In this way, the waste lithium battery separator, positive electrode material and negative electrode material are finally separated flexibly and accurately.

Embodiments of the present invention

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

实施例Example 11

S1 discharges the waste ternary lithium battery for about 4 hours through the charger and discharger (multiple discharges to ensure that the battery voltage is lower than 1V), and then automatically disassembles and separates out the size of about 20mm through mechanical crushing, magnetic separation, screening and other methods. The mixture of separator and positive and negative electrode sheets, the battery shell is directly recycled.

S2 Referring to Fig. 2, the mixed material is put into the drum 31 in the flexible separation device 1 through the feeding hopper 1. The device uses water as the medium, and the liquid inlet control valve 352 on the lower end of the liquid inlet pipe 352 of the cavity 35 of the flexible separation device 1 is opened. , the water enters the inner cavity 32 through the liquid inlet pipe 351, and the volume ratio of the diaphragm and the positive and negative electrode sheets to the water medium is 1/50. Then the motor starts to drive the drum 31 to rotate. The diameter of the side wall and bottom screen of the drum 31 is 2mm. The drum 31 drives the water medium to realize forward and reverse rotation. The drum 31 rotates in the opposite direction every 15 seconds, and the stop time is 10 seconds. , the speed is 300r/min, The treatment time was 60 min, the separator was separated from the positive and negative electrode sheets, and the negative electrode material was separated from the copper foil.

S3 The water medium is continuously introduced into the liquid inlet pipe 352, and then the drum 31 is rotated directionally for 15 minutes at a speed of 200 r/min. The rinsed and clean diaphragm floats upward gradually in the drum 31, and is discharged from the overflow port at the upper end of the conical collecting end 36 of the cavity 35 with the water into the overflow pipe 4, and the diaphragm is collected by the vibrating screen 5 after being discharged. The aperture of the vibrating screen is 1 mm, and the water falls into the liquid recovery box 6 under the vibrating screen 5 to recover a small amount of negative electrode material powder in the water, and the liquid is recycled.

S4 Open the drum discharge valve 33 on the discharge pipe of the lower end side wall of the drum 31, and the mixed material with the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode material, the copper foil and the copper foil with a small amount of residual negative electrode material enters the discharge end 37 with the water flow, and the discharge end is opened at the same time. 37 The discharge valve 7 on the bottom discharge port, the mixed material enters the 1mm mesh belt conveyor 9 with the water flow, and the conveyor belt 91 of the mesh belt conveyor 9 is inclined in two sections, wherein the inclination angle of the second section is 60°, and the inclination angle of the first section is 60°. is 15°, and the mesh aperture of the conveyor belt 91 is 1mm. During the continuous forward and upward transfer process of the mesh belt conveyor 9, the positive electrode sheet, copper foil and a small amount of copper foil with negative electrode material remaining remain on the conveyor belt 91, and the negative electrode material leaks out of the holes in the conveyor belt 91 with water and flows into the mesh belt. The negative electrode material recovery box 8 arranged at the bottom of the conveyor 9 is used to recover the negative electrode material powder after filtering treatment.

S5 The mixture of positive electrode sheet, copper foil and a small amount of copper foil with negative electrode material remaining on the conveyor belt 91 enters the drying device 10 (tunnel furnace) with the conveyor belt, and the heating temperature is 60°C. The copper foil and the copper foil with a small amount of residual negative electrode material are dried and sent to the conveyor 11 connected to it. The mixture of positive electrode sheet, copper foil and a small amount of copper foil with negative electrode material remaining is conveyed to the vibrating feeder 12 through the feeding conveyor 111, and the vibrating feeder 12 vibrates into the color sorting processing chamber of the photoelectric color sorting device 14. On the feeding slide 13 inclined at the entrance of 141, the color sorting processing chamber 141 is used for sorting, and the high-speed sorting jet valve 142 is driven by the control system to make the copper foil and a small amount of copper foil with residual negative electrode material fall into the negative electrode current collector. In the hopper 15 , the positive electrode sheet falls into the corresponding positive electrode sheet receiving hopper 16 , and the positive electrode sheet is separated from the copper foil (containing a small amount of the copper foil with the negative electrode material remaining).

S6 The positive electrode sheet obtained after sorting is placed in the first fine crusher 17, and after being crushed, it is sieved to separate the positive electrode material from the aluminum foil. At the same time, the sorted copper foil (containing a small amount of copper foil with negative electrode material remaining) is placed in the second refiner 18, and after crushing, it is sieved to separate the negative electrode material from the copper foil.

S7 The aqueous solution discharged from the whole process is filtered to recover the negative electrode material, and the liquid is recycled.

After the separation in the present embodiment 1, the content of impurity Al in the positive electrode material is 0.8%, the content of Cu is 49ppm, the content of Al in the negative electrode material of 90% is 39ppm, the content of Cu is 75ppm, and the content of Al in the negative electrode material of 10% is 42ppm, The Cu content is 0.7%, and the Al content and Cu content in the separator are both 0.

实施例Example 22

S1 discharges the waste lithium iron phosphate battery for about 4 hours through the charger and discharger (multiple discharges to ensure that the battery voltage is lower than 1V), and then automatically disassembles and separates the size of about 20mm through mechanical crushing, magnetic separation, screening and other methods. The mixed material with separator and positive and negative electrode sheets, the battery shell is directly recycled.

S2 Referring to Fig. 2, the mixed material is put into the drum 31 in the flexible separation device 1 through the feeding hopper 1. The device uses water as the medium, and the liquid inlet control valve 352 on the lower end of the liquid inlet pipe 352 of the cavity 35 of the flexible separation device 1 is opened. , the water enters the inner cavity 32 through the liquid inlet pipe 351, and the volume ratio of the diaphragm and the positive and negative electrode sheets mixed with the water medium is 1/100. Then the motor starts to drive the drum 31 to rotate. The diameter of the side wall and bottom screen of the drum 31 is 1mm. The drum 31 drives the water medium to realize forward and reverse rotation. The drum 31 rotates in the opposite direction every 20 seconds, and the stop time is 10 seconds. , the speed is 400r/min, The treatment time was 40 minutes, the separator was separated from the positive and negative electrode sheets, and the negative electrode material was separated from the copper foil.

S3 The water medium is continuously introduced into the liquid inlet pipe 352, and then the drum 31 is rotated directionally for 5 minutes at a speed of 300 r/min. The rinsed and clean diaphragm floats upward gradually in the drum 31, and is discharged from the overflow port at the upper end of the conical collecting end 36 of the cavity 35 with the water into the overflow pipe 4, and the diaphragm is collected by the vibrating screen 5 after being discharged. The aperture of the vibrating screen is 0.5 mm, and the water falls into the liquid recovery box 6 below the vibrating screen 5, and a small amount of negative electrode material powder in the water is recovered, and the liquid is recycled.

S4 Open the drum discharge valve 33 on the discharge pipe of the lower end side wall of the drum 31, and the mixed material with the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode material, the copper foil and the copper foil with a small amount of residual negative electrode material enters the discharge end 37 with the water flow, and the discharge end is opened at the same time. 37 The discharge valve 7 on the bottom discharge port, the mixed material enters the 0.5mm mesh belt conveyor 9 with the water flow, and the conveyor belt 91 of the mesh belt conveyor 9 is inclined in two sections, wherein the inclination angle of the second section is 60°, and the first section is inclined The angle is 15°, and the mesh aperture of the conveyor belt 91 is 1mm. During the continuous forward and upward transfer process of the mesh belt conveyor 9, the positive electrode sheet, copper foil and a small amount of copper foil with residual negative electrode material remain on the conveyor belt 91, and the negative electrode material leaks out of the mesh holes of the conveyor belt 91 with water and flows into the mesh belt for conveyance. The negative electrode material recovery box 8 arranged at the bottom of the machine 9 is used to recover the negative electrode material powder after filtering treatment.

S5 The mixture of positive electrode sheet, copper foil and a small amount of copper foil with negative electrode material remaining on the conveyor belt 91 enters the drying device 10 (tunnel furnace) with the conveyor belt, and the heating temperature is 100°C. The copper foil and the copper foil with a small amount of residual negative electrode material are dried and sent to the conveyor 11 connected to it. The mixture of positive electrode sheet, copper foil and a small amount of copper foil with negative electrode material remaining is conveyed to the vibrating feeder 12 through the feeding conveyor 111, and the vibrating feeder 12 vibrates into the color sorting processing chamber of the photoelectric color sorting device 14. On the feeding slide 13 inclined at the entrance of 141, the color sorting processing chamber 141 is used for sorting, and the high-speed sorting jet valve 142 is driven by the control system to make the copper foil and a small amount of copper foil with residual negative electrode material fall into the negative electrode current collector. In the hopper 15 , the positive electrode sheet falls into the corresponding positive electrode sheet receiving hopper 16 , and the positive electrode sheet is separated from the copper foil (containing a small amount of the copper foil with the negative electrode material remaining).

After being separated in the present embodiment 2, the content of impurity Al in the positive electrode material is 0.7%, the content of Cu is 46ppm, the content of Al in the negative electrode material of 93% is 41ppm, the content of Cu is 75ppm, and the content of Al in the negative electrode material of 7% is 42ppm, The Cu content was 0.8%, and the Al and Cu contents in the separator were both 0.

实施例Example 33

S1 discharges the waste lithium cobalt oxide battery for about 4 hours through the charger and discharger (multiple discharges to ensure that the battery voltage is lower than 1V), and then automatically disassembles and separates the size of about 20mm through mechanical crushing, magnetic separation, screening and other methods. A mixture of separators and positive and negative electrode sheets, the battery shell is directly recycled.

S2 Referring to Fig. 2, the mixed material is put into the drum 31 in the flexible separation device 1 through the feeding hopper 1. The device uses water as the medium, and the liquid inlet control valve 352 on the lower end of the liquid inlet pipe 352 of the cavity 35 of the flexible separation device 1 is opened. , the water enters the inner cavity 32 through the liquid inlet pipe 351, and the volume ratio of the diaphragm and the positive and negative electrode sheets mixed with the water medium is 1/150. Then the motor is started to drive the drum 31 and the propeller 34 to rotate together. The diameter of the side wall and the bottom screen of the drum 31 is 1 mm. The drum 31 and the propeller 34 drive the water medium to realize forward and reverse rotation. Rotate once in the opposite direction, stop for 15 seconds, rotate at 800 r/min, and treat for 20 minutes to separate the separator from the positive and negative plates and the negative material from the copper foil.

S3 The water medium is continuously fed into the liquid inlet pipe 352, and then the drum 31 is rotated directionally for 30 minutes at a speed of 100 r/min. The rinsed and clean diaphragm floats upward gradually in the drum 31, and is discharged from the overflow port at the upper end of the conical collecting end 36 of the cavity 35 with the water into the overflow pipe 4, and the diaphragm is collected by the vibrating screen 5 after being discharged. The aperture of the vibrating screen is 0.5 mm, and the water falls into the liquid recovery box 6 below the vibrating screen 5, and a small amount of negative electrode material powder in the water is recovered, and the liquid is recycled.

S4 Open the drum discharge valve 33 on the discharge pipe of the lower end side wall of the drum 31, and the mixed material with the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode material, the copper foil and the copper foil with a small amount of residual negative electrode material enters the discharge end 37 with the water flow, and opens the discharge end at the same time. 37 The discharge valve 7 on the bottom discharge port, the mixed material enters the 1mm mesh belt conveyor 9 with the water flow, and the conveyor belt 91 of the mesh belt conveyor 9 is inclined in two sections, wherein the inclination angle of the second section is 60°, and the inclination angle of the first section is 60°. is 15°, and the mesh aperture of the conveyor belt 91 is 0.5mm. During the continuous forward and upward transfer process of the mesh belt conveyor 9, the positive electrode sheet, copper foil and a small amount of copper foil with residual negative electrode material remain on the conveyor belt 91, and the negative electrode material leaks out of the mesh holes of the conveyor belt 91 with water and flows into the mesh belt for conveyance. The negative electrode material recovery box 8 arranged at the bottom of the machine 9 is used to recover the negative electrode material powder after filtering treatment.

S5 The mixture of positive electrode sheet, copper foil and a small amount of copper foil with negative electrode material remaining on the conveyor belt 91 enters the drying device 10 (tunnel furnace) with the conveyor belt, and the heating temperature is 150°C. After heating for a certain period of time, the positive electrode sheet, The copper foil and the copper foil with a small amount of residual negative electrode material are dried and sent to the conveyor 11 connected to it. The positive electrode sheet, copper foil and a small amount of copper foil mixture with negative electrode material remaining are conveyed to the vibrating feeder 12 through the feeding conveyor 111, and the vibrating feeder 12 is vibrated into the color sorting processing chamber 141 of the photoelectric color sorting device 14. On the feeding slide 13 with the inclined inlet, the color sorting processing chamber 141 is used for sorting, and the high-speed sorting jet valve 142 is driven by the control system to make the copper foil and a small amount of copper foil with residual negative electrode material fall into the negative electrode current collector hopper. In 15, the positive electrode sheet falls into the corresponding positive electrode sheet receiving hopper 16, and the positive electrode sheet is separated from the copper foil (containing a small amount of the copper foil with the negative electrode material remaining).

After being separated in Example 3, the content of impurity Al in the positive electrode material is 0.5%, the content of Cu is 50ppm, the content of Al in the negative electrode material of 93.5% is 55ppm, the content of Cu is 60ppm, and the content of Al in the negative electrode material of 6.5% is 45ppm, The Cu content is 0.7%, and the Al content and Cu content in the separator are both 0.

本发明的上述实施例所示仅为本发明较佳实施例之部分，并不能以此局限本发明，在不脱离本发明精髓的条件下，本领域技术人员所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，都属本发明的保护范围。The above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only part of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the essence of the present invention etc., all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

The flexible and precise separation method of positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries is characterized by comprising the following steps:

S1 discharges the waste lithium battery, and uses physical methods to separate the mixed material with separator and positive and negative plates after crushing;

S2 is provided with a flexible separation device, the flexible separation device has an inner cavity, a rotatable drum is arranged in the inner cavity, a plurality of filter holes are arranged on the drum, and the mixed material with the diaphragm and the positive and negative plates is fed into In the drum, a liquid is introduced into the inner cavity. The density of the liquid is greater than that of the diaphragm, and both are smaller than the densities of the positive and negative electrodes. The relative movement between the diaphragm and the positive and negative plates separates the impurities on the diaphragm, and at the same time makes most of the negative electrode material separate from the negative electrode current collector;

S3 causes the drum to rotate in a directional direction, the separated and rinsed diaphragm is discharged with the liquid from the overflow port provided at the upper end of the flexible separation device, the diaphragm is collected, and a small amount of negative electrode material is collected with the filtrate and filtered for recovery;

S4 makes the mixture material with the negative electrode material, the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector discharged from the flexible separation device, separates the negative electrode material from the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector by filtering, and recovers the negative electrode material;

S5 heats and dries the separated mixture with the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector, and then separates the positive electrode sheet from the negative electrode current collector through a photoelectric color sorting device;

In S6, the color-selected positive electrode sheet and negative electrode current collector are respectively placed in a fine crusher to separate the positive electrode material from the positive electrode current collector, and the negative electrode material in the negative electrode current collector with a small amount of residual negative electrode material is separated from the negative electrode current collector.
The flexible and precise separation method for positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step S1, the separators and positive and negative electrode sheets separated after crushing are irregular sheets or 5-100 mm in size. Curly.
The method for flexible and precise separation of positive and negative electrode materials for waste lithium batteries according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S2, the volume ratio of the mixed material to the liquid in the flexible separation device is 1/1/2 10000～1/10; the diameter of the filter hole of the drum is 0.5～5mm, the rotating speed of the drum is 50～1500r/min, it rotates in the opposite direction every 5～120 seconds, the stopover time is 3～60 seconds, the total time For 5min ~ 120min.
The flexible and precise separation method for positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in the step S3, the directional rotation time of the drum is 5-30 min, and the diaphragm moves from the After the overflow port is discharged, it is recovered through a vibrating screen, and the aperture of the vibrating screen is 0.5-5 mm.
The flexible and precise separation method for positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in the step S4, the mixed material having positive electrode sheets, negative electrode materials, and negative electrode current collectors is removed from the flexible material along with the liquid. After the outlet of the separation device is discharged, it enters the mesh belt conveyor, so that the negative electrode material is filtered and recovered from the mesh belt conveyor with the liquid, and the mesh aperture is 0.5-5 mm.
The flexible and precise separation method for positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in the step S5, the mixed material with the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector is heated in a heating device at a temperature of 50 Heating and drying at a temperature of ~150℃, heating time 0.5~12h.
The flexible and precise separation method for positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, below the drum, coaxial and spaced propellers that can rotate synchronously with the drum are arranged to push the drum The separated diaphragm moves toward the overflow port at an accelerated rate, and pushes the liquid to produce a flexible impact on the positive and negative electrode sheets, so that the negative electrode material and the negative electrode current collector are rapidly peeled off.
A flexible and precise separation system for positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries, which is characterized in that it includes a feeding hopper, a flexible separation device, a mesh belt conveyor, a drying device, a color sorting device and a fine crusher, and the flexible separation device includes an inner cavity. The cavity, the center of the cavity is provided with a drum that can be rotated forward and reversed around the central axis of the cavity, the drum is provided with a plurality of filter holes, and the upper end or top of the cavity is connected with the The overflow pipe communicated with the inner cavity, the outlet of the overflow pipe is provided with a vibrating screen, the bottom of the cavity is provided with a discharge port, which corresponds to the inlet of the mesh belt conveyor, and the outlet of the mesh belt conveyor is connected to the dryer The inlet of the device corresponds to the outlet of the drying device, and the color sorting device is correspondingly arranged at the outlet of the color sorting device. In docking, the negative current collector hopper is docked with the second refining crusher.
The flexible and precise separation system for positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries according to claim 8, wherein the bottom of the drum is coaxial and spaced apart with propellers that can rotate synchronously with the drum.
The flexible and precise separation system for positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the color sorting device is a photoelectric color sorting device, and the entrance of the photoelectric color sorting device is provided with a vibrating feeder, The bottom of the outlet of the photoelectric color sorting equipment is provided with a high-speed jet valve that can separate the negative electrode current collector and the positive electrode sheet.