WO2022193548A1 - Système de pile à combustible à carbonate fondu combinant un piégeage de co2 et son procédé de fonctionnement - Google Patents

Système de pile à combustible à carbonate fondu combinant un piégeage de co2 et son procédé de fonctionnement Download PDF

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WO2022193548A1
WO2022193548A1 PCT/CN2021/114232 CN2021114232W WO2022193548A1 WO 2022193548 A1 WO2022193548 A1 WO 2022193548A1 CN 2021114232 W CN2021114232 W CN 2021114232W WO 2022193548 A1 WO2022193548 A1 WO 2022193548A1
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unit
heat exchange
fuel cell
outlet
gas
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PCT/CN2021/114232
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Chinese (zh)
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李�昊
程健
张瑞云
卢成壮
许世森
李卫东
王保民
杨冠军
黄华
白发琪
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华能国际电力股份有限公司
中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2022193548A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022193548A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04365—Temperature; Ambient temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04402—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode exhausts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04761—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell exhausts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
    • H01M2008/147—Fuel cells with molten carbonates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular relates to a molten carbonate fuel cell system combined with CO 2 capture and a working method thereof.
  • Molten carbonate fuel cell power generation is a clean and efficient power generation method that can achieve near-zero CO2 emissions, can reduce the energy loss caused by the Carnot cycle, and directly convert the chemical energy in the fuel into electrical energy.
  • Molten carbonate fuel cells do not use noble metals such as platinum as catalysts. Therefore, it is not necessary to use 99.99% pure hydrogen as fuel, which has the characteristics of wide fuel sources.
  • the methanol reforming method can be used to produce hydrogen, and then the hydrogen in the reformed gas can be purified to obtain hydrogen-rich gas, which can be used as the fuel cell anode fuel.
  • the methanol reformed gas mainly contains hydrogen and carbon dioxide, but most of the hydrogen separation and purification methods currently in use on the market have problems such as low purification efficiency.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a molten carbonate fuel cell system combined with CO2 capture and its working method, which improves the CO2 separation efficiency in methanol reformate gas and the molten carbonate fuel cell fuel Utilization rate, reducing the cost of power generation by molten carbonate fuel cells.
  • the present application discloses a molten carbonate fuel cell system combined with CO2 capture, including a methanol reforming hydrogen production unit, a first heat exchange unit, a gas-liquid separation unit, a mixing device, a CO2 capture unit, a second a heat exchange unit, a third heat exchange unit and a fuel cell unit;
  • the inlet of the methanol reforming hydrogen production unit is connected with a methanol feed pipe
  • the outlet of the methanol reforming hydrogen production unit is connected with the inlet of the mixing device
  • the outlet of the mixing device is connected with the hot side inlet of the first heat exchange unit
  • the first heat exchange The hot side outlet of the unit is connected to the gas-liquid separation unit
  • the liquid-phase outlet of the gas-liquid separation unit is connected with a condensed water discharge pipe
  • the gas-liquid separation unit is connected to the CO2 capture unit
  • the CO2 capture unit is connected to the CO2 capture unit.
  • the outlet is connected to the cold side inlet of the third heat exchange unit, the cold side outlet of the third heat exchange unit is connected to the air intake pipe and then connected to the cathode fuel inlet of the fuel cell unit, and the cathode tail gas outlet of the fuel cell unit is connected to the
  • the hot side inlet of the third heat exchange unit is connected, and the hot side outlet of the third heat exchange unit is connected with a cathode exhaust gas discharge pipe;
  • the H2 outlet of the CO2 capture unit is connected with the cold side inlet of the second heat exchange unit, and the second
  • the cold side outlet of the heat exchange unit is connected with the anode fuel inlet of the fuel cell unit, and the anode tail gas outlet of the fuel cell unit is connected with two branches, one branch is connected with the anode tail gas discharge pipe, and the other branch is connected with the second branch.
  • the hot side inlet of the heat exchange unit is connected, and the hot side outlet of the second heat exchange unit is connected with the inlet of the mixing device.
  • a compression unit is provided on the connecting pipeline between the hot side outlet of the second heat exchange unit and the inlet of the mixing device.
  • the first heat exchange unit is a gas-liquid type heat exchanger
  • the second heat exchange unit and the third heat exchange unit are gas-gas type heat exchangers.
  • the two branches connected to the anode tail gas outlet of the fuel cell unit are provided with flow detection and control devices
  • the fuel cell unit is provided with a pressure sensor
  • the flow detection and control device and the pressure sensor are respectively connected to the control unit of the system .
  • the fuel cell unit is provided with a temperature detection device and an auxiliary heating device, and both the temperature detection device and the auxiliary heating device are respectively connected to the control unit of the system.
  • the condensed water outlet of the gas-liquid separation unit is connected to the cold side inlet of the first heat exchange unit, and a temperature detection device is provided on the connecting pipeline between the outlet of the mixing device and the hot side inlet of the first heat exchange unit.
  • the connection pipeline between the condensate water outlet of the liquid separation unit and the cold side inlet of the first heat exchange unit is provided with a flow detection and control device, and the temperature detection device and the flow detection and control device are respectively connected to the control unit of the system.
  • flow detection and control devices are provided on the air intake pipe, the CO2 outlet connection pipeline of the CO2 capture unit and the H2 outlet connection pipeline of the CO2 capture unit, and all flow detection and control devices are respectively connected with The control unit of the system is connected.
  • the wall surface in the mixing device is a smooth curved surface, and the mixing device is provided with a turbulent component.
  • the working method of the above-mentioned molten carbonate fuel cell system combined with CO capture disclosed in the present application includes:
  • the methanol reforming hydrogen production unit undergoes a methanol reforming reaction, and the generated mixed gas enters the first heat exchange unit through the mixing device for heat exchange and condensation, and then enters the gas-liquid separation unit to remove water vapor to obtain a low-temperature mixed gas containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide,
  • the low-temperature mixed gas is separated and purified in the CO 2 capture unit; the carbon dioxide is heated by the third heat exchange unit and mixed with the air in the air intake pipe, and enters the cathode fuel inlet of the fuel cell unit; the hydrogen is passed through the second heat exchange unit.
  • the heat unit heats up and enters the anode fuel feed port of the fuel cell unit, and part of the anode tail gas enters the second heat exchange unit for heat exchange and cooling, and then enters the mixing device to be mixed with the mixed gas from the methanol reforming hydrogen production unit.
  • the process of the CO2 capture unit is chemical absorption, chemical adsorption, physical adsorption or membrane separation.
  • the fuel processing unit of the battery system purifies the hydrogen in the methanol reformed gas to a purity of 99.99%, while the gas on the other side still contains A large amount of hydrogen, which cannot be used as cathode fuel (only emptying, catalytic combustion, etc.)
  • the present application discloses a molten carbonate fuel cell system combined with CO capture, the anode fuel required by the fuel cell unit is hydrogen, and the cathode fuel is carbon dioxide and air, which can make full use of the hydrogen produced by the methanol reforming hydrogen production process And carbon dioxide as fuel, methanol reforming hydrogen production process is low in cost; combined with the subsequent CO capture technology, the separation efficiency of methanol reformed gas can be improved, and a higher purity fuel can be provided for molten carbonate fuel cells at the same time.
  • the waste heat of the exhaust gas is comprehensively utilized, the comprehensive thermoelectric efficiency of the fuel cell power generation system is improved, and the energy consumption of the system is reduced.
  • the anode tail gas with similar composition is mixed with methanol reformed gas, and the separation and purification of hydrogen and carbon dioxide are carried out again to improve the utilization rate of fuel.
  • a compression unit is provided on the connecting pipeline between the hot side outlet of the second heat exchange unit and the inlet of the mixing device to control the speed and flow of the circulating exhaust gas.
  • the first heat exchange unit adopts a gas-liquid type heat exchanger
  • the second heat exchange unit and the third heat exchange unit adopt gas-gas type heat exchangers, which have higher heat exchange efficiency and improve the utilization rate of waste heat.
  • the efficiency and stability of the system can be improved.
  • the temperature detection device can monitor the temperature in the fuel cell unit in real time, and achieve or maintain the working temperature of the fuel cell through the auxiliary heating device if necessary, so as to improve the efficiency and stability of the system.
  • the condensed water of the gas-liquid separation unit is used to cool the mixed gas, which improves the energy utilization rate and reduces the energy consumption of the system.
  • the flow detection and control device on the air intake pipe, the CO2 outlet connection pipeline of the CO2 capture unit and the H2 outlet connection pipeline of the CO2 capture unit, real-time adjustment can be made according to the working conditions of the system.
  • the flow of the feed ensures the maximum efficiency and safety and stability of the system.
  • the wall surface in the mixing device adopts a smooth curved surface to ensure the uniform flow of the internal gas without dead angle, and the turbulent component can improve the mixing degree of the gas at the same time.
  • the working method of the above-mentioned molten carbonate fuel cell system combined with CO 2 capture disclosed in the present application has reasonable process flow setting, fully utilizes the reaction products and remaining heat in the system, and has low cost, low energy consumption and comprehensive thermoelectric efficiency of the system. high and has good application prospects.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the system of the application.
  • 1- methanol reforming hydrogen production unit 2- first heat exchange unit; 3- gas-liquid separation unit; 4- mixing device; 5- CO 2 capture unit; 6- second heat exchange unit; 7- Compression unit; 8-third heat exchange unit; 9-fuel cell unit.
  • the molten carbonate fuel cell system combined with CO 2 capture of the present application includes a methanol reforming hydrogen production unit 1, a first heat exchange unit 2, a gas-liquid separation unit 3, a mixing device 4, a CO 2 Capture unit 5 , second heat exchange unit 6 , third heat exchange unit 8 and fuel cell unit 9 .
  • the inlet of the methanol reforming hydrogen production unit 1 is connected with a methanol feed pipe, the outlet of the methanol reforming hydrogen production unit 1 is connected with the inlet of the mixing device 4, and the outlet of the mixing device 4 is connected with the hot side inlet of the first heat exchange unit 2 , the hot-side outlet of the first heat exchange unit 2 is connected to the gas-liquid separation unit 3, the liquid-phase outlet of the gas-liquid separation unit 3 is connected to a condensed water discharge pipe, and the gas-phase outlet of the gas-liquid separation unit 3 is connected to the CO2 capture unit 5
  • the CO2 outlet of the CO2 capture unit 5 is connected to the cold side inlet of the third heat exchange unit 8, and the cold side outlet of the third heat exchange unit 8 is connected to the air intake pipe and then connected to the fuel cell unit 9.
  • Cathode fuel inlet, the cathode tail gas outlet of the fuel cell unit 9 is connected to the hot side inlet of the third heat exchange unit 8, and the hot side outlet of the third heat exchange unit 8 is connected with a cathode tail gas discharge pipe; CO2 capture unit 5
  • the H2 outlet of the second heat exchange unit 6 is connected to the cold side inlet of the second heat exchange unit 6, the cold side outlet of the second heat exchange unit 6 is connected to the anode fuel inlet of the fuel cell unit 9, and the anode tail gas outlet of the fuel cell unit 9 is connected with a Two branches, one branch is connected to the anode tail gas discharge pipe, the other branch is connected to the hot side inlet of the second heat exchange unit 6 , and the hot side outlet of the second heat exchange unit 6 is connected to the inlet of the mixing device 4 .
  • a compression unit 7 is provided on the connecting pipeline between the hot side outlet of the second heat exchange unit 6 and the inlet of the mixing device 4 .
  • the first heat exchange unit 2 is a gas-liquid type heat exchanger
  • the second heat exchange unit 6 and the third heat exchange unit 8 are gas-gas type heat exchangers.
  • the two branches connected to the anode tail gas outlet of the fuel cell unit 9 are provided with flow detection and control devices, and the fuel cell unit 9 is provided with a pressure sensor and a flow detection and control device and the pressure sensor are respectively connected with the control unit of the system.
  • the fuel cell unit 9 is provided with a temperature detection device and an auxiliary heating device, and both the temperature detection device and the auxiliary heating device are respectively connected to the control unit of the system.
  • the condensed water outlet of the gas-liquid separation unit 3 is connected to the cold side inlet of the first heat exchange unit 2
  • the outlet of the mixing device 4 is connected to the hot side inlet of the first heat exchange unit 2
  • a temperature detection device is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the two, and a flow detection and control device is arranged on the connection pipeline between the condensed water outlet of the gas-liquid separation unit 3 and the cold side inlet of the first heat exchange unit 2.
  • the temperature detection device and The flow detection and control devices are respectively connected with the control unit of the system.
  • the air intake pipe, the CO2 outlet connection pipe of the CO2 capture unit 5 and the H2 outlet connection pipe of the CO2 capture unit 5 are all provided with flow detection and control All flow detection and control devices are connected to the control unit of the system respectively.
  • the wall surface in the mixing device 4 is a smooth curved surface, and the mixing device 4 is provided with a spoiler component, such as a spoiler, a spoiler column, and the like.
  • the methanol reforming reaction occurs in the hydrogen production unit 1 of methanol reforming, and the generated mixed gas enters the first heat exchange unit 2 through the mixing device 4 for heat exchange and condensation, and then enters the gas-liquid separation unit 3 to remove water vapor to obtain a mixture containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • Low-temperature mixed gas the low-temperature mixed gas is separated and purified in the CO2 capture unit 5; carbon dioxide is mixed with the air in the air intake pipe after heat exchange and temperature rise by the third heat exchange unit 8, and enters the cathode fuel feed of the fuel cell unit 9
  • the hydrogen enters the anode fuel feed port of the fuel cell unit 9 after the heat exchange and temperature rise of the second heat exchange unit 6, and a part of the anode tail gas enters the second heat exchange unit 6 after heat exchange and cooling, and then enters the mixing device 4 and comes from the methanol reforming system.
  • the mixed gas of the hydrogen unit 1 is mixed.
  • the methanol reforming hydrogen production unit 1 undergoes a methanol reforming reaction, and the generated mixed gas is condensed by heat exchange to remove excess water vapor that does not participate in the reaction in the mixed gas, and obtain a low-temperature mixed gas mainly containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • the low-temperature mixed gas is then used to separate and purify carbon dioxide through carbon dioxide capture technology.
  • the main component of the remaining gas is hydrogen, which is used as anode fuel.
  • carbon dioxide is used as the cathode.
  • the fuel is mixed with air and passed into the cathode of the molten carbonate fuel cell after completing heat exchange with the high temperature cathode exhaust gas.
  • the fuel cell unit 9 mainly includes a molten carbonate fuel cell stack, a fuel cell inlet and outlet gas control system, a fuel cell temperature system, an auxiliary heating system, and the like.
  • the molten carbonate fuel cell stack operates at 650°C, the anode uses hydrogen as fuel, and the cathode uses carbon dioxide and oxygen (from air) as raw materials, and an electrochemical reaction occurs inside the fuel cell, as shown in the following formula:
  • the fuel cell inlet and outlet control system mainly monitors and adjusts the inlet and outlet parameters of the molten carbonate fuel cell in real time.
  • the fuel cell temperature control system and auxiliary heating device mainly monitor and adjust the temperature of the molten carbonate fuel cell stack body in real time, and achieve or maintain the working temperature of the fuel cell through auxiliary heating if necessary.
  • the anode tail gas circulation and waste heat recovery and utilization system mainly includes an anode tail gas circulation unit and a waste heat recovery and utilization unit.
  • the anode tail gas circulation unit recycles part of the anode tail gas.
  • the anode tail gas mainly includes carbon dioxide and high-temperature water vapor generated by the anode reaction and hydrogen that does not participate in the reaction.
  • the anode tail gas is recycled to the methanol reforming hydrogen production unit, and then reformed with methanol.
  • the hydrogen production tail gas is mixed, and after further water vapor condensation separation, carbon dioxide absorption/analytical separation, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are purified, the utilization rate of hydrogen is fully improved, and carbon dioxide is recycled.
  • the waste heat in the exhaust gas is fully utilized by means of heat exchange.

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Abstract

La présente demande se rapporte au domaine technique des piles à combustible. Est divulgué un système de pile à combustible à carbonate fondu combinant un piégeage de CO2 et son procédé de fonctionnement. Le système comprend principalement une unité de production d'hydrogène de reformage de méthanol, une première unité d'échange de chaleur, une unité de séparation gaz-liquide, un appareil de mélange, une unité de piégeage de CO2, une deuxième unité d'échange de chaleur, une troisième unité d'échange de chaleur et une unité de pile à combustible. Grâce à l'utilisation d'un gaz reformé par du méthanol en tant que combustible et au recours à une technique de piégeage de CO2 en association avec une circulation de gaz résiduaire d'anode, l'efficacité de séparation de CO2 et le taux d'utilisation du combustible peuvent être améliorés, et le coût de production d'énergie de la pile à combustible à carbonate fondu est réduit. De plus, la chaleur perdue du gaz résiduaire peut être utilisée pour préchauffer un gaz d'admission, de telle sorte que l'efficacité thermoélectrique globale d'un système de production d'énergie de pile à combustible à carbonate fondu est améliorée et le coût de production d'énergie de la pile à combustible à carbonate fondu est réduit. Le système présente une bonne perspective d'application.
PCT/CN2021/114232 2021-03-15 2021-08-24 Système de pile à combustible à carbonate fondu combinant un piégeage de co2 et son procédé de fonctionnement WO2022193548A1 (fr)

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CN202110277671.2 2021-03-15
CN202110277671.2A CN112820915A (zh) 2021-03-15 2021-03-15 一种结合co2捕集的熔融碳酸盐燃料电池系统及其工作方法

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