WO2022193384A1 - 一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统 - Google Patents

一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022193384A1
WO2022193384A1 PCT/CN2021/086667 CN2021086667W WO2022193384A1 WO 2022193384 A1 WO2022193384 A1 WO 2022193384A1 CN 2021086667 W CN2021086667 W CN 2021086667W WO 2022193384 A1 WO2022193384 A1 WO 2022193384A1
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Prior art keywords
gas
valve
channel
closed
valve chamber
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PCT/CN2021/086667
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马韵升
赵立秋
张承贺
马士恒
闫博
赵青松
李兵战
Original Assignee
山东京博控股集团有限公司
山东京博装备制造安装有限公司
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Priority to AU2021433525A priority Critical patent/AU2021433525B2/en
Priority to US17/998,423 priority patent/US11867360B2/en
Priority to DE112021002153.2T priority patent/DE112021002153T5/de
Publication of WO2022193384A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022193384A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/0126—One vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0176—Details of mounting arrangements with ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0447—Composition; Humidity
    • F17C2250/0452—Concentration of a product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F17C2260/037—Handling leaked fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F17C2260/038—Detecting leaked fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/044—Avoiding pollution or contamination
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0142—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed underground
    • F17C2270/0144—Type of cavity
    • F17C2270/0147—Type of cavity by burying vessels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of earth-covering tanks, in particular to a closed-loop safety ventilation system for a full-covering earth tank.
  • Earth-covered storage refers to pressurized storage of liquefied petroleum gas at room temperature in a tank or under the ground, and a reasonable and comprehensive backfill.
  • This technology is very suitable for the storage of flammable and explosive liquid materials. It can protect other tanks from the heat and shock waves of combustion and explosion, which can effectively reduce the risk, and the tanks can be installed closer to each other, saving space.
  • the technology of full-covering soil tank is not mature, and half-layer soil-covering technology is mainly used in foreign countries.
  • the bottom member of the tank supports the structure and the upper layer is covered with soil.
  • the advantages of full-coverage are obviously higher.
  • valve chambers and channels near the tank to manage the layout of the pipeline.
  • the space emits harmful gases such as oil and gas, and in order to ensure the normal operation of the process system and reduce the concentration of harmful gases to the allowable range of safe production, it is necessary to equip the full-covered earth tank system with a specific ventilation system, which must also consider the temperature.
  • the fully covered earth tank system puts forward higher requirements for timely and safe ventilation, and there is no practical solution in the existing technology.
  • the invention provides a closed-loop safety ventilation system for a fully-covered soil tank, which can prevent the accumulation of harmful and flammable gases in a valve chamber and a channel, and can automatically monitor the concentration of dangerous gases.
  • concentration is always controlled within a safe range; in addition, the temperature inside the valve chamber and the channel can be monitored. When the temperature reaches the warning value, the interaction between the internal and external airflow will be cut off immediately to prevent the external air from entering the combustion-supporting and detonating, and preventing the temperature from being too high and causing an explosion;
  • the harmful and combustible components in the gas discharged from the valve chamber and the channel can be adsorbed and filtered in time, so that the gas can be recycled and achieve high safety and environmental protection standards. greater harm, thereby solving the above-mentioned technical problems.
  • a closed-loop safety ventilation system for a fully-covered soil tank the structure of which includes: a collecting and exhausting unit, a safety closing unit and a closed-loop ventilation unit; It is arranged inside the soil-covered slope, which is formed outside the tank body.
  • the air collecting pipe is connected to the air inlet end of the fan, and the air outlet end of the fan is connected to the exhaust pipe; the air collecting pipe is located in the valve chamber and the channel, and the fan and the exhaust pipe Located outside the valve chamber and the channel, the gas collecting pipe is used to absorb the gas inside the valve chamber and the channel, so that a relative negative pressure state is formed in the valve chamber and the channel;
  • the safety closed unit includes a gas monitor, a temperature sensor, a valve and a controller; the gas monitor is arranged inside the valve chamber and the channel to monitor the concentration of combustible gas, the temperature sensor is arranged inside the valve chamber and the channel, and the valve is arranged in the collection.
  • the controller connects the gas monitor, temperature sensor, valve and fan through wires, the controller sets the warning gas concentration and warning temperature, when the concentration value of the combustible gas reaches the warning gas concentration value, the controller makes the valve open, and The fan works to exhaust air; when the temperature sensor detects that the actual temperature value reaches the warning temperature, the valve acts to close the gas collecting pipe;
  • the closed-loop ventilation unit includes gas treatment equipment and a gas storage tank.
  • the gas treatment equipment is set outside the covered soil slope.
  • the gas treatment equipment is connected with the exhaust pipe to absorb and filter out the harmful components in the gas discharged from the valve chamber and the channel.
  • the gas treatment equipment The gas outlet is connected with the circulation pipe, the circulation pipe is connected with the gas storage tank, and the gas storage tank is connected with the exhaust pipe through the air supply pipe.
  • the air pipe and the fan can transport the gas in the air storage tank to the valve chamber and channel to form a closed-loop ventilation system.
  • the gas from the valve chamber and channel enters the gas treatment equipment through the exhaust pipe, the gas treatment equipment adsorbs and filters the harmful gas, and the treated clean gas enters the gas storage tank through the circulation pipe for temporary storage.
  • the air pipe is connected.
  • the gas inside the gas storage tank can enter the exhaust pipe through the air supply pipe, and then pass through the fan and the gas collecting pipe to be finally sent into the valve chamber and the channel.
  • a closed-loop gas circulation system is formed, which can keep the air pressure inside and outside the valve chamber and the channel unobstructed; and there is also a one-way valve in the gas supply pipe, which only allows the gas in the treated gas storage tank to be discharged, and the gas from the reverse
  • the gas will not be discharged into the gas storage tank, which can prevent the gas in the gas storage tank from being polluted; in this way, harmful gases and flammable gases will not be directly discharged to the outside world from beginning to end, but circulated and recycled in the closed-loop system, which is harmful
  • the components are filtered and adsorbed during the flow process, which can avoid environmental pollution and potential safety hazards from being directly discharged to the outside world, and is more in line with environmental protection and safety requirements.
  • the fan can also transport the air outside the exhaust pipe to the exhaust pipe, and supply air to the channel and the valve chamber.
  • the air supply volume cannot exceed 80% of the exhaust air volume, so that the Relatively negative pressure is maintained in the valve chamber and the channel.
  • the fan can not only discharge the gas in the valve chamber and the channel to the outside, but also send the external gas into the valve chamber and the channel in the reverse direction. It can effectively avoid a large amount of harmful gases from accumulating and the concentration is too high, resulting in danger of explosion; and can send relatively clean gas into the valve chamber and the inside of the channel to keep the pressure inside the valve chamber and the channel in a relatively stable state; at the same time, it also It is necessary to ensure that the air supply volume does not exceed 80% of the exhaust air volume in the same period of time, so that the valve chamber and the channel can maintain a relatively negative pressure state, and the gas in the valve chamber and the channel can be discharged along the gas collecting pipe. , which can ensure the positive circulation of the gas in the whole system, and the ventilation effect is good.
  • the fan can be connected to a plurality of tanks and their gas collecting pipes correspondingly, and one fan is correspondingly connected to one gas storage tank.
  • the fan correspondingly connects multiple tanks and their gas collectors, so that one fan can collect gas from multiple tanks and gas collectors at the same time, which can improve the utilization rate of the fans, save energy, and reduce the space occupation of the factory area; one fan corresponds to the connection.
  • a gas storage tank helps to make the disposal of harmful gas and the replenishment of clean gas more orderly and secure.
  • the gas storage tank is provided with a barometer and a pressure relief valve.
  • the setting of the barometer and the pressure relief valve can monitor the gas pressure inside the gas storage tank. When the gas pressure inside the gas storage tank is too large, the pressure can be released in time through the pressure relief valve, which can avoid danger and enhance the safety of the whole system. safety.
  • a flow valve is provided on the exhaust pipe, and the flow valve is connected to the controller through a wire for monitoring the exhaust gas volume.
  • the controller can control the amount of gas entering and leaving the valve chamber and the channel by adjusting the flow valve, and can also control the amount of gas entering and leaving the valve chamber and channel by controlling the working power of the fan.
  • a closed-loop safety ventilation system for a fully covered soil tank further includes an alarm, which is connected to a controller via a wire, and the controller sets the warning concentration of flammable gas.
  • the controller sets the warning concentration of flammable gas.
  • the above structure can accurately detect the concentration of the flammable gas inside the valve chamber and the channel, and can preset the warning value.
  • the controller triggers the alarm, and the corresponding fan is interlocked with the alarm to give an alarm. Turn on the fan when the device alarms.
  • the staff can quickly take effective measures to prevent the flammable gas in the valve chamber and the channel from continuing to accumulate, even reaching the level of explosion, which can avoid more serious situations and improve the safety of the entire system.
  • the valve is set as an explosion-proof and fire-proof valve. If a dangerous situation such as flammable gas explosion occurs in the valve chamber and channel, the explosion-proof fire valve in the gas collecting pipe becomes a safety line of defense, which can prevent the impact of the explosion from continuing to spread outward, affecting the gas tank or equipment, safety performance it is good.
  • the warning temperature is set to 70°C.
  • the explosion-proof fire valve fuses and closes the gas collecting pipe, and at the same time, the corresponding fan is shut off in an interlock.
  • the above temperature sensor detects that the actual temperature reaches the warning temperature, it means that the temperature is too high at this time, and dangerous situations are likely to occur. At this time, the explosion-proof fire valve will be blown and the gas collecting pipe will be closed, which can prevent the high-temperature heat source from contacting the high-concentration harmful gas or even In the event of an explosion, further hazards can be avoided.
  • a plurality of vents are provided at intervals between the valve chamber and the gas collecting pipe in the channel.
  • the arrangement of the vent can prevent the valve chamber and the passage from being too high in pressure or gas concentration under normal circumstances, which is beneficial to improve the overall safety of the system.
  • the fan is set as an explosion-proof mixed-flow fan.
  • Harmful gases such as oil and gas will be emitted in the valve chambers and passages of the two earth-covered tanks.
  • mechanical ventilation is adopted, and explosion-proof mixed-flow fans are respectively set to send and discharge.
  • the ventilation times of the valve room and channel of the earth-covered tank are 12 times per hour, and the ventilation volume of the valve room is 254 cubic meters per hour.
  • the ventilation volume of the channel is 1660 cubic meters per hour, the air supply volume is 80% of the exhaust air volume, and the valve chamber and channel are maintained at negative pressure.
  • the above-mentioned fan first has good aerodynamic performance, good airflow distribution, and stable pressure; it can also play a blocking role in the occurrence of dangerous situations of combustible gas explosion.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention adopting the above structure are: the accumulation of harmful and flammable gases in the valve chamber and the passage can be prevented, the concentration of dangerous gases can be automatically monitored, the closed-loop safety ventilation system can automatically perform ventilation treatment, and the concentration of dangerous gases can always be controlled at a safe level In addition, it can also monitor the temperature inside the valve chamber and the channel. When the temperature reaches the warning value, the interaction between the internal and external air flow will be cut off immediately, so as to prevent the external air from entering the combustion-supporting and detonating, and avoid the explosion caused by excessive temperature; inside the valve chamber and the channel Harmful and combustible components in the exhausted gas can be adsorbed and filtered in time, so that the gas can be recycled and achieve high safety and environmental protection standards.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic top sectional view of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional front view of the present invention.
  • a closed-loop safety ventilation system for a fully covered soil tank its structure includes: a collection and exhaust unit, a safety closed unit and a closed-loop ventilation unit; the collection and exhaust unit includes a collection pipe 1, and the collection pipe 1 is arranged in Inside the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6, the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6 are arranged inside the soil-covered side slope 7, and the soil-covered side slope 7 is formed outside the tank body 8.
  • the gas collecting pipe 1 is connected to the inlet end of the fan 2, and the outlet end of the fan 2 is connected.
  • the gas collecting pipe 1 is located in the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6, the fan 2 and the exhaust pipe 3 are located outside the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6, and the gas collecting pipe 1 is used to absorb the gas inside the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6 , so that a relative negative pressure state is formed in the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6;
  • the safety closed unit includes a gas monitor 401, a temperature sensor 402, a valve 101 and a controller 5; the gas monitor 401 is arranged inside the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6 for monitoring the concentration of combustible gas, and the temperature sensor 402 is arranged in the valve chamber 4 and inside the channel 6, the valve 101 is arranged in the gas collection pipe 1, the controller 5 is connected to the gas monitor 401, the temperature sensor 402, the valve 101 and the fan 2 through the wire 9, the controller 5 sets the warning gas concentration and warning temperature, when the flammable gas After the concentration value of the volatile gas reaches the warning gas concentration value, the controller 5 opens the valve 101, and the fan 2 works to exhaust air; when the temperature sensor 402 detects that the actual temperature value reaches the warning temperature, the valve 101 acts to close the gas collecting pipe 1;
  • the closed-loop ventilation unit includes a gas treatment device 10 and a gas storage tank 12.
  • the gas treatment device 10 is arranged outside the soil-covered slope 7, and the gas treatment device 10 is connected with the exhaust pipe 3 to adsorb and filter out the air discharged from the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6. Harmful components in the gas, the gas outlet end of the gas treatment equipment 10 is connected with the circulation pipe 11, the circulation pipe 11 is connected with the gas storage tank 12, the gas storage tank 12 is connected with the exhaust pipe 3 through the gas supply pipe 13, and the gas supply pipe 13 is provided with a single unit.
  • the one-way valve 1301 and one-way valve 1301 only allow the gas in the gas storage tank 12 to enter the exhaust pipe 3, and the fan 2 can transport the gas in the gas storage tank 12 to the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6 to form a closed-loop ventilation system.
  • the gas from the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6 enters the gas treatment equipment 10 through the exhaust pipe 3, the gas treatment equipment 10 adsorbs and filters the harmful gas, and the treated clean gas enters the gas storage tank 12 through the circulation pipe 11 for temporary storage.
  • the air tank 12 is connected with the exhaust pipe 3 through the air supply pipe 13. When air needs to be supplied to the valve chamber 4 or the channel 6, the gas in the air storage tank 12 can enter the exhaust pipe 3 through the air supply pipe 13, and then pass through the air supply pipe 13.
  • the fan 2 and the collecting pipe 1 are finally sent into the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6, thus forming a closed-loop airflow system, which can maintain the normal air pressure inside and outside the valve chamber and the channel; and the air supply pipe 13 also has a one-way valve.
  • the fan 2 can also transport the air outside the exhaust pipe 3 to the exhaust pipe 3, and supply air to the channel 6 and the valve chamber 4. In the same time period, the air supply volume cannot exceed 80% of the exhaust air volume. , to keep the relative negative pressure in the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6 .
  • the fan 2 can not only discharge the gas in the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6 to the outside, but also send the external gas into the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6 in the reverse direction.
  • the accumulated harmful gas is discharged, which can effectively prevent the harmful gas from accumulating in large quantities and the concentration is too high, which may cause explosion and other dangers; and relatively clean gas can be sent into the valve chamber 4 and the inside of the channel 6 to maintain the internal pressure of the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6.
  • valve chamber 4 and the channel 6 can maintain a relatively negative pressure state, which can ensure the valve
  • the gas in the chamber 4 and the channel 6 can be discharged along the gas collecting pipe 1, which can ensure the positive circulation of the gas in the whole system, and the ventilation effect is good.
  • the fan 2 can be connected to a plurality of tanks 8 and the gas collecting pipes 1 correspondingly, and one fan 2 can be connected to one air storage tank 12 correspondingly.
  • the fan 2 is connected to a plurality of tanks 8 and their gas collecting pipes 1, so that one fan 2 can collect gas from multiple tanks 8 and gas collecting pipes 1 at the same time, which can improve the utilization rate of the fan 2, save energy, and reduce the space area of the factory.
  • a fan 2 is connected to a gas storage tank 12 to help make the treatment of harmful gas and the replenishment of clean gas more orderly and guaranteed.
  • the gas storage tank 12 is provided with a barometer 1201 and a pressure relief valve 1202 .
  • the setting of the barometer 1201 and the pressure relief valve 1202 can monitor the gas pressure inside the gas storage tank 12. When the gas pressure inside the gas storage tank 12 is too large, the pressure can be released in time through the pressure relief valve 1202 to avoid danger. Enhanced security of the entire system.
  • the exhaust pipe 3 is provided with a flow valve 301, and the flow valve 301 is connected to the controller 5 through the wire 9 for monitoring the exhaust gas volume.
  • the exhaust gas volume or the intake air volume can be monitored for a period of time, and then the obtained signal is transmitted to the controller 5, and the controller 5 performs the next regulation according to the transmitted signal to avoid the valve chamber. 4 and the internal pressure of the channel 6 are out of balance, causing serious harm.
  • the controller 5 can control the amount of gas entering and leaving the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6 by adjusting the flow valve 301, and can also control the working power of the fan 2 to control the amount of gas entering and leaving the valve chamber. 4 and the amount of gas in the channel 6, the above structure is convenient to use, responds quickly, and can improve the safety performance of the entire system.
  • a closed-loop safety ventilation system for a full-covering soil tank also includes an alarm 14, which is connected to the controller 5 through the wire 9, and the controller 5 sets the warning concentration of the combustible gas.
  • the controller 5 triggers the alarm 14 .
  • the above structure can accurately detect the concentration of the flammable gas inside the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6, and can preset a warning value.
  • the controller 5 triggers the alarm 14, and the corresponding fan 2 and the The alarm 14 is chained, and the fan 2 is turned on when the alarm 14 alarms.
  • the staff can quickly take effective measures to prevent the flammable gas in the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6 from continuing to accumulate, even to the extent of explosion, which can avoid more serious situations and improve the safety of the entire system.
  • valve 101 is set as an explosion-proof and fire-proof valve. If a dangerous situation such as flammable gas explosion occurs in the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6, the explosion-proof and fireproof valve in the gas collecting pipe 1 becomes a safety line of defense, which can prevent the impact of the explosion from continuing to spread outward, affecting the gas tank 8 or equipment with good safety performance.
  • the warning temperature is set to 70°C.
  • the explosion-proof and fire-proof valve fuses and closes the gas collecting pipe 1 , and at the same time, the corresponding fan 2 is shut off in an interlock. .
  • the temperature sensor 402 monitors that the actual temperature reaches the warning temperature, it means that the temperature is too high at this time, and a dangerous situation is likely to occur. At this time, the explosion-proof fire valve will be blown and the gas collecting pipe 1 will be closed, which can prevent the high-temperature heat source from contacting the high-concentration harmful The gas may even explode, preventing further damage.
  • vents 15 are provided at intervals between the valve chamber 4 and the gas collecting pipe 1 in the passage 6 .
  • the ventilation port can be set as an aluminum alloy single-layer louver tuyere. The setting of the ventilation port 15 can prevent the internal pressure of the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6 from being too high or the gas concentration is too high under normal circumstances, which is beneficial to improve the overall safety of the system.
  • the fan 2 is set as an explosion-proof mixed-flow fan.
  • the ventilation times of the valve room and channel of the earth-covered tank are 12 times per hour, and the ventilation volume of the valve room is 254 cubic meters per hour.
  • the ventilation volume of the channel is 1660 cubic meters per hour, the air supply volume is 80% of the exhaust air volume, and the valve chamber 4 and the channel 6 are maintained at negative pressure.
  • the above-mentioned fan 2 first has good aerodynamic performance, good airflow distribution, and stable pressure; it can also play a blocking role in the occurrence of dangerous situations of combustible gas explosion.

Abstract

本发明涉及覆土罐领域，其包括：集排气单元、安全封闭单元和闭环通风单元；集气管位于阀室和通道内，集气管、风机和排气管顺序相连；安全封闭单元的气体监测器用于监测可燃性气体的浓度，控制器经导线连接气体监测器、温度传感器、阀门和风机，控制器设定警戒温度与警戒气体浓度并能够控制阀门和风机动作；闭环通风单元使多个集排气单元之间形成闭环通风单元。本发明能防止阀室与通道内部发生有害和可燃性气体积聚，监控危险气体浓度，自动进行换气处理，还能对温度进行监控，避免温度过高引发爆炸；气体中的有害和可燃成分能够被吸附过滤，使气体能够循环利用，达到较高的安全环保标准，整个系统能够对危险状况进行监测、预警。

Description

一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统 技术领域
本发明涉及覆土罐领域，具体涉及一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统。
背景技术
覆土式储存是指将常温下的液化石油气加压储存在罐中或是地面之下，并进行合理的全面回填，这项技术非常适合对易燃易爆的液态物料进行储存，能够对罐体进行保护，避免燃烧爆炸的热量和冲击波影响其他罐体，能够有效降低风险，罐体之间能够更加靠近安装，节约占地。目前全覆土罐体技术还不成熟，国外主要使用半层覆土技术，罐体底部构件支撑结构，上层覆土，但从安全性角度考虑，全覆土的优势明显更高。但是对罐体进行全覆土后，需要在罐体附近设置阀室和通道，对管路进行布局管理，而全覆土后的罐体内存放的物料长期存放过程中，特别容易在阀内和通道等空间散发出油气等有害气体，而为了保证工艺系统正常运行、使有害气体的浓度降低至安全生产允许的范围内，就必须为全覆土罐系统配备特定的通风系统，这其中更要考虑温度的影响，避免出现局部高温引发的油气燃烧问题，总之，全覆土罐系统对及时、安全通风提出更高要求，现有技术还没有切实可行的方案。
发明内容
本发明提供一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统，其能够防止阀室与通道内部发生有害和可燃性气体积聚，可以自动监控危险气体浓度，闭环安全通风系统自动进行换气处理，将危险气体浓度始终控制在安全范围；另外，还能对阀室和通道内部的温度进行监控，当温度达到警戒值后，立马切断内外气流交互，避免外部空气进入助燃引爆，避免温度过高从而引发爆炸；阀室和通道内部排出的气体中的有害和可燃成分能够被及时吸附过滤，使气体能够循环利用，达 到较高的安全环保标准，整个系统能够对危险状况进行监测、预警，防止对覆土罐造成更大危害，从而解决了上述技术问题。
本发明为解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统，其结构包括：集排气单元、安全封闭单元和闭环通风单元；集排气单元包括集气管，集气管设置于阀室和通道内，阀室和通道设置于覆土边坡内部，覆土边坡形成于罐体外部，集气管和风机的进气端相连，风机的出气端和排气管相连；集气管位于阀室和通道内，风机和排气管位于阀室和通道外部，集气管用于吸收阀室和通道内部的气体，使阀室和通道内形成相对负压状态；
安全封闭单元包括气体监测器、温度传感器、阀门和控制器；气体监测器设置于阀室和通道内部，用于监测可燃性气体的浓度，温度传感器设置于阀室和通道内部，阀门设置于集气管，控制器经导线连接气体监测器、温度传感器、阀门和风机，控制器设定警戒气体浓度和警戒温度，当可燃性气体的浓度值达到警戒气体浓度值后，控制器使阀门打开，且风机工作向外排气；当温度传感器检测到实际温度值达到警戒温度后，所述阀门动作以关闭所述集气管；
闭环通风单元包括气体处理设备和储气罐，气体处理设备设置在覆土边坡外，气体处理设备和排气管相连，以吸附过滤出阀室和通道内排出的气体中有害成分，气体处理设备的出气端和循环管相连，循环管和储气罐相连，储气罐经补气管和排气管相连，补气管内设有单向阀，单向阀只允许储气罐内的气体进入排气管，风机能够将储气罐中的气体输送至阀室和通道内，形成闭环通风系统。来自阀室与通道的气体经排气管进入气体处理设备，气体处理设备将有害气体进行吸附过滤，处理后的洁净气体又经循环管进入储气罐暂存，储气罐通过补气管与排气管相连，当需要向阀室或者通道内送风时，储气罐内部的气体即可通过补气管进入排气管，继而再经过风机与集气管最终被送入阀室与通道之中，这样就形成了一个闭环的气体流通系统，可以保持阀室和通道内外气压通畅；并且补气管内还具有单向阀，只允许被处理过后的储气罐内的气体排 出，而来自反向的气体则不会排入储气罐之中，能够避免储气罐内的气体被污染；这样有害气体、可燃性气体自始至终都不会被直接排出外界，而是在闭环系统内流通循环利用，有害成分在流动过程中被过滤吸附处理，这样能够避免其被直接排出外界造成环境污染、形成安全隐患，更加符合环保安全要求。
在优选的实现方式中，风机还能够将排气管外部的气体输送至排气管，向通道和阀室内送风，在同一时间段内，送风量不能超过排风量的80％，使阀室和通道内保持相对负压状态。
风机不仅能够将阀室与通道中的气体排出外部并且还能反向地将外部气体送入阀室与通道之中，通过这样的形式既可以将阀室与通道内部积聚的有害气体排出，能够有效避免有害气体大量积聚，浓度过高，从而发生爆炸等危险；并且可以将相对洁净的气体再送入阀室与通道内部，保持阀室与通道内部气压能够维持较为稳定的状态；与此同时还要保证在同一时间段内，送风量不超过排风量的80％，这样可以使阀室和通道内保持相对负压状态，能够保证阀室与通道内的气体能够沿集气管向外排放，可以保证整个系统中气体的正向循环，换气效果好。
在优选的实现方式中，风机能够对应连接多个罐体及其集气管，一个风机对应连接一个储气罐。
风机对应连接多个罐体及其集气管能够实现一个风机同时对多个罐体与集气管进行气体的收集，可以提高风机的利用率，节约能源，减少厂区空间面积的占用；一个风机对应连接一个储气罐有助于使有害气体的处理以及洁净气体的补充更加有序且具有保障。
在优选的实现方式中，储气罐设有气压计和泄压阀。
气压计与泄压阀的设置能起到监测储气罐内部气体压力，当储气罐内部气体压力过大时，还能通过泄压阀及时泄压，可避免发生危险，增强了整个系统的安全性。
在优选的实现方式中，排气管上设有流量阀，流量阀经导线和控制器相连， 用于监测排气量。
通过流量阀的设置能够监测在一段时间内的排气量或者进气量，进而将获得的信号传递至控制器，控制器再根据传递来的信号进行下一步的调控，避免阀室与通道内部压力失调，造成严重危害，控制器可以通过调节流量阀来控制进出阀室与通道的气体量的多少，也可以通过控制风机的工作功率来控制进出阀室与通道的气体量的多少，上述结构使用方便，反应迅速，能够提高整个系统安全性能。
在优选的实现方式中，一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统还包括报警器，报警器经导线和控制器相连，控制器设定可燃性气体的警戒浓度，当阀室和通道内的可燃性气体的实际浓度达到警戒浓度时，控制器触发报警器。
上述结构可以准确检测阀室与通道内部的可燃性气体的浓度，并可以预设警戒值，当可燃性气体的实际浓度达到警戒浓度时，控制器触发报警器，相应风机与报警器连锁，报警器报警时开启风机。此时，工作人员可以迅速采取有效措施，避免阀室与通道内的可燃性气体继续积聚，甚至达到爆炸的程度，能够避免发生更加严重的情况，提高了整个系统的安全性。
在优选的实现方式中，阀门设为防爆防火阀。若阀室与通道内发生可燃性气体爆炸等危险状况，处于集气管中的防爆防火阀则成为一道安全防线，能够防止爆炸产生的影响继续向外蔓延，影响到气体罐体或设备，安全性能好。
在优选的实现方式中，警戒温度设为70℃，当温度传感器监测到实际温度达到警戒温度后，防爆防火阀熔断关闭集气管，同时连锁关闭相应风机。
当上述温度传感器监测到实际温度达到警戒温度后，说明此时温度过高，极易发生危险状况，此时防爆防火阀会熔断并且关闭集气管，能够阻止高温热源接触到高浓度的有害气体甚至发生燃爆，能够避免进一步危害的产生。
在优选的实现方式中，阀室和通道内的集气管间隔设有多个通风口。通风口的设置能够在普通情况中起到防止阀室和通道内部气压过大或者气体浓度过高，有利于提高系统整体的安全性。
在优选的实现方式中，风机设为防爆混流风机。
两座覆土罐阀室及通道内会散发油气等有害气体，为保证工艺系统正常运行、使有害气体的浓度降低至安全生产允许的范围内，采用机械通风方式，分别设置防爆混流风机进行送排风，1000立方米球罐为例：覆土罐阀室及通道通风次数均为12次每小时，阀室通风量254立方米每小时。通道通风量1660立方米每小时，送风量为排风量的80％，维持阀室及通道为负压。上述风机首先具有良好的空气动力性能，并且具有良好的气流分布，压力稳定；在发生可燃性气体爆炸的危险状况时还可以起到阻隔作用。
本发明采用上述结构的有益效果是：能够防止阀室与通道内部发生有害和可燃性气体积聚，可以自动监控危险气体浓度，闭环安全通风系统自动进行换气处理，将危险气体浓度始终控制在安全范围；另外，还能对阀室和通道内部的温度进行监控，当温度达到警戒值后，立马切断内外气流交互，避免外部空气进入助燃引爆，避免温度过高从而引发爆炸；阀室和通道内部排出的气体中的有害和可燃成分能够被及时吸附过滤，使气体能够循环利用，达到较高的安全环保标准，整个系统能够对危险状况进行监测、预警，防止对覆土罐造成更大危害。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本发明的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本发明的俯视剖面示意图。
图2为本发明的主视剖面示意图。
图中，
1、集气管；101、阀门；2、风机；3、排气管；301、流量阀；4、阀室；401、气体监测器；402、温度传感器；5、控制器；6、通道；7、覆土边坡；8、罐体；9、导线；10、气体处理设备；11、循环管；12、储气罐；1201、气压 计；1202、泄压阀；13、补气管；1301、单向阀；14、报警器；15、通风口。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚的阐释本发明的整体构思，下面再结合说明书附图以示例的方式进行详细说明。
需说明，在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，但是，本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施，因此，本发明的保护范围并不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
如图1-2所示，一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统，其结构包括：集排气单元、安全封闭单元和闭环通风单元；集排气单元包括集气管1，集气管1设置于阀室4和通道6内，阀室4和通道6设置于覆土边坡7内部，覆土边坡7形成于罐体8外部，集气管1和风机2的进气端相连，风机2的出气端和排气管3相连；集气管1位于阀室4和通道6内，风机2和排气管3位于阀室4和通道6外部，集气管1用于吸收阀室4和通道6内部的气体，使阀室4和通道6内形成相对负压状态；
安全封闭单元包括气体监测器401、温度传感器402、阀门101和控制器5；气体监测器401设置于阀室4和通道6内部，用于监测可燃性气体的浓度，温度传感器402设置于阀室4和通道6内部，阀门101设置于集气管1，控制器5经导线9连接气体监测器401、温度传感器402、阀门101和风机2，控制器5设定警戒气体浓度和警戒温度，当可燃性气体的浓度值达到警戒气体浓度值后，控制器5使阀门101打开，且风机2工作向外排气；当温度传感器402检测到实际温度值达到警戒温度后，阀门101动作以关闭集气管1；
闭环通风单元包括气体处理设备10和储气罐12，气体处理设备10设置在覆土边坡7外，气体处理设备10和排气管3相连，以吸附过滤出阀室4和通道6内排出的气体中有害成分，气体处理设备10的出气端和循环管11相连，循环管11和储气罐12相连，储气罐12经补气管13和排气管3相连，补气管13内设有单向阀1301，单向阀1301只允许储气罐12内的气体进入排气管3， 风机2能够将储气罐12中的气体输送至阀室4和通道6内，形成闭环通风系统。来自阀室4与通道6的气体经排气管3进入气体处理设备10，气体处理设备10将有害气体进行吸附过滤，处理后的洁净气体又经循环管11进入储气罐12暂存，储气罐12通过补气管13与排气管3相连，当需要向阀室4或者通道6内送风时，储气罐12内部的气体即可通过补气管13进入排气管3，继而再经过风机2与集气管1最终被送入阀室4与通道6之中，这样就形成了一个闭环的气流流通系统，可以保持阀室和通道内外气压通常；并且补气管13内还具有单向阀1301，只允许被处理过后的储气罐12内的气体排出，而来自反向的气体则不会排入储气罐12之中，能够避免储气罐12内的气体被污染；这样有害气体、可燃性气体自始至终都不会被直接排出外界，而是在闭环系统内流通并被循环利用，有害部分在流动过程中被过滤吸附处理，这样能够避免其被直接排出外界造成环境污染、造成安全隐患，更加符合环保安全要求。
进一步地，风机2还能够将排气管3外部的气体输送至排气管3，向通道6和阀室4内送风，在同一时间段内，送风量不能超过排风量的80％，使阀室4和通道6内保持相对负压状态。
风机2不仅能够将阀室4与通道6中的气体排出外部并且还能反向地将外部气体送入阀室4与通道6之中，通过这样的形式既可以将阀室4与通道6内部积聚的有害气体排出，能够有效避免有害气体大量积聚，浓度过高，从而发生爆炸等危险；并且可以将相对洁净的气体再送入阀室4与通道6内部，保持阀室4与通道6内部气压能够维持较为稳定的状态；与此同时还要保证在同一时间段内，送风量不超过排风量的80％，这样可以使阀室4和通道6内保持相对负压状态，能够保证阀室4与通道6内的气体能够沿集气管1向外排放，可以保证整个系统中气体的正向循环，换气效果好。
进一步地，风机2能够对应连接多个罐体8及其集气管1，一个风机2对应连接一个储气罐12。
风机2对应连接多个罐体8及其集气管1能够实现一个风机2同时对多个 罐体8与集气管1进行气体的收集，可以提高风机2的利用率，节约能源，减少厂区空间面积的占用；一个风机2对应连接一个储气罐12有助于使有害气体的处理以及洁净气体的补充更加有序且具有保障。
进一步地，储气罐12设有气压计1201和泄压阀1202。
气压计1201与泄压阀1202的设置能起到监测储气罐12内部气体压力，当储气罐12内部气体压力过大时，还能通过泄压阀1202及时泄压，可避免发生危险，增强了整个系统的安全性。
进一步地，排气管3上设有流量阀301，流量阀301经导线9和控制器5相连，用于监测排气量。
通过流量阀301的设置能够监测在一段时间内的排气量或者进气量，进而将获得的信号传递至控制器5，控制器5再根据传递来的信号进行下一步的调控，避免阀室4与通道6内部压力失调，造成严重危害，控制器5可以通过调节流量阀301来控制进出阀室4与通道6的气体量的多少，也可以通过控制风机2的工作功率来控制进出阀室4与通道6的气体量的多少，上述结构使用方便，反应迅速，能够提高整个系统安全性能。
进一步地，一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统还包括报警器14，报警器14经导线9和控制器5相连，控制器5设定可燃性气体的警戒浓度，当阀室4和通道6内的可燃性气体的实际浓度达到警戒浓度时，控制器5触发报警器14。
上述结构可以准确检测阀室4与通道6内部的可燃性气体的浓度，并可以预设警戒值，当可燃性气体的实际浓度达到警戒浓度时，控制器5触发报警器14，相应风机2与报警器14连锁，报警器14报警时开启风机2。此时，工作人员可以迅速采取有效措施，避免阀室4与通道6内的可燃性气体继续积聚，甚至达到爆炸的程度，能够避免发生更加严重的情况，提高了整个系统的安全性。
进一步地，阀门101设为防爆防火阀。若阀室4与通道6内发生可燃性气体爆炸等危险状况，处于集气管1中的防爆防火阀则成为一道安全防线，能够 防止爆炸产生的影响继续向外蔓延，影响到气体罐体8或设备，安全性能好。
进一步地，警戒温度设为70℃，当温度传感器402监测到实际温度达到警戒温度后，防爆防火阀熔断关闭集气管1，同时连锁关闭相应风机2。。
当上述温度传感器402监测到实际温度达到警戒温度后，说明此时温度过高，极易发生危险状况，此时防爆防火阀会熔断并且关闭集气管1，能够阻止高温热源接触到高浓度的有害气体甚至发生燃爆，能够避免进一步危害的产生。
进一步地，阀室4和通道6内的集气管1间隔设有多个通风口15。通风口可以设为铝合金单层百叶风口，通风口15的设置能够在普通情况中起到防止阀室4和通道6内部气压过大或者气体浓度过高，有利于提高系统整体的安全性。
进一步地，风机2设为防爆混流风机。
两座覆土罐阀室4及通道6内会散发油气等有害气体，为保证工艺系统正常运行、使有害气体的浓度降低至安全生产允许的范围内，采用机械通风方式，分别设置防爆混流风机进行送排风，1000立方米球罐为例：覆土罐阀室及通道通风次数均为12次每小时，阀室通风量254立方米每小时。通道通风量1660立方米每小时，送风量为排风量的80％，维持阀室4及通道6为负压。上述风机2首先具有良好的空气动力性能，并且具有良好的气流分布，压力稳定；在发生可燃性气体爆炸的危险状况时还可以起到阻隔作用。
本发明所保护的技术方案，并不局限于上述实施例，应当指出，任意一个实施例的技术方案与其他一个或多个实施例中技术方案的结合，在本发明的保护范围内。虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统，其特征在于，包括：
    集排气单元，其包括集气管，所述集气管设置于阀室和通道内，所述阀室和通道设置于覆土边坡内部，所述覆土边坡形成于罐体外部，所述集气管和风机的进气端相连，所述风机的出气端和排气管相连；所述集气管位于所述阀室和通道内，所述风机和排气管位于所述阀室和通道外部，所述集气管用于吸收所述阀室和通道内部的气体，使所述阀室和通道内形成相对负压状态；
    安全封闭单元，其包括气体监测器、温度传感器、阀门和控制器；所述气体监测器设置于所述阀室和通道内部，用于监测可燃性气体的浓度，所述温度传感器设置于所述阀室和通道内部，所述阀门设置于所述集气管，所述控制器经导线连接所述气体监测器、温度传感器、阀门和风机，所述控制器设定警戒气体浓度和警戒温度，当可燃性气体的浓度值达到警戒气体浓度值后，所述控制器使所述阀门打开，且所述风机工作向外排气；当温度传感器检测到实际温度值达到警戒温度后，所述阀门动作以关闭所述集气管；
    闭环通风单元，其包括气体处理设备和储气罐，所述气体处理设备设置在所述覆土边坡外，所述气体处理设备和所述排气管相连，以吸附过滤出所述阀室和通道内排出的气体中有害成分，所述气体处理设备的出气端和循环管相连，所述循环管和储气罐相连，所述储气罐经补气管和所述排气管相连，所述补气管内设有单向阀，所述单向阀只允许所述储气罐内的气体进入所述排气管，所述风机能够将所述储气罐中的气体输送至所述阀室和通道内，形成闭环通风系统。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统，其特征在于，所述风机还能够将所述排气管外部的气体输送至排气管，向所述通道和所述阀室内送风，在同一时间段内，所述送风量不能超过排风量的80％，使所述阀室和通道内保持相对负压状态。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统，其特 征在于，所述风机能够对应连接多个罐体及其集气管，一个所述风机对应连接一个所述储气罐。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统，其特征在于，所述储气罐设有气压计和泄压阀。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统，其特征在于，所述排气管上设有流量阀，所述流量阀经导线和所述控制器相连，用于监测排气量。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统，其特征在于，还包括报警器，所述报警器经导线和所述控制器相连，所述控制器设定可燃性气体的警戒浓度，当所述阀室和通道内的可燃性气体的实际浓度达到所述警戒浓度时，所述控制器触发所述报警器。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统，其特征在于，所述阀门设为防爆防火阀。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统，其特征在于，所述警戒温度设为70℃，当所述温度传感器监测到实际温度达到警戒温度后，所述防爆防火阀熔断关闭所述集气管。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统，其特征在于，所述阀室和通道内的集气管间隔设有多个通风口。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统，其特征在于，所述风机设为防爆混流风机。
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