Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
  • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
  • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
  • F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
  • F26B3/092—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating
  • F26B3/0923—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating by mechanical means, e.g. vibrated plate, stirrer
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
  • F26B17/10—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers
  • F26B17/107—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers pneumatically inducing within the drying enclosure a curved flow path, e.g. circular, spiral, helical; Cyclone or Vortex dryers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
  • F26B17/10—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
  • F26B17/10—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers
  • F26B17/101—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers the drying enclosure having the shape of one or a plurality of shafts or ducts, e.g. with substantially straight and vertical axis
  • F26B17/102—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers the drying enclosure having the shape of one or a plurality of shafts or ducts, e.g. with substantially straight and vertical axis with material recirculation, classifying or disintegrating means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
  • F26B23/04—Heating arrangements using electric heating
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
  • F26B25/005—Treatment of dryer exhaust gases
  • F26B25/007—Dust filtering; Exhaust dust filters
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
  • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
  • F26B3/10—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour carrying the materials or objects to be dried with it
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying goods
  • F26B2200/12—Manure
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of materials processing, in particular to a method for processing heat-sensitive materials in a vortex chamber and can be used for drying, grinding, heat treatment and simultaneous fractionation of heat-sensitive materials such as grass, straw, medicinal plant raw materials, vegetables and other materials or mixtures of various plant materials.
• the invention can also be used to process agricultural waste, in particular bird droppings, horse or cow manure, into safe organic materials, such as fertilizers.
• fresh native (without litter) manure with a moisture content of about 75% should be processed as soon as possible after it is removed from the poultry house, since its storage without processing creates serious environmental problems.
• this technology should not create environmental problems for the environment and for the staff, both directly in the process of its implementation, and in the future, when using the products obtained from thermally processed material, which should not only be safe themselves, but also safe. be stored, and also not create a danger to personnel during their further use.
• this technology when implemented, should not require significant material and human costs, but on the contrary, at minimal cost, it should provide the manufacturer with a large consumer market for a new, environmentally friendly product.
• the technology for processing fresh bird droppings should provide for the production of a whole line of products with different consumer qualities, for which it is enough to slightly change the technological modes of processing the material.
• the technology for processing fresh bird droppings should provide for its implementation in the immediate vicinity of the poultry house, so as not only not to create additional costs for the transportation of the processed material with its possible partial loss, which pollutes the surrounding area, but also to use waste products for the poultry house.
• technology products in particular waste drying gas, which can heat the house during the cold season.
• the main disadvantages of the known method are its technological complexity in implementation and low environmental safety. This is due to the fact that the implementation of the known method requires not only a large number of different types of mechanized equipment (loading hopper, conveyor, magnetic separator, squeezing press, grinder, dryer drum, cyclone, crusher, distribution auger and deodorizer), but also a large amount of consumed resources (water, electricity, spare parts for mechanisms, lubricants, deodorizer adsorbent), and most importantly, a significant number of service personnel. The latter is explained by the presence of a large number of mechanized devices that require the constant presence of a significant number of service personnel (operators and repairmen).
• the vortex chamber allows you to work in continuous mode for a long time, because inside it there are no sieves, gratings and other clogged elements and requiring periodic cleaning or routine maintenance;
• the entire cycle of manure processing into the finished product simultaneously passes - a fine powder, which is removed from the vortex chamber in the form of a gas suspension;
• the disadvantages of the known method of processing poultry waste should include the fact that, firstly, it allows you to get only a fine (powdered) dry mass, intended mainly for combustion in heat generating devices.
• the known method does not allow during the processing of the material to produce its fractional separation inside the chamber in order to separate smaller, lighter and "volatile" fractions of the material from larger and heavier ones, which can be used, for example, as a basis for organic fertilizer with prolonged actions.
• Such fertilizers are usually applied under perennial plants (trees or shrubs) once every few years.
• the known method does not allow changing the operation parameters of the vortex chamber during the material processing in order to adapt to the humidity of the incoming source material. Therefore, it is necessary to pre-normalize the source material for moisture content.
• the technical result of the proposed solution is to preserve the main advantages of processing wet material in a vortex chamber while eliminating these disadvantages, namely, bringing the technology for processing wet material in a vortex chamber to the stage of obtaining from it several finished products at once. products with different consumer qualities (size, humidity, density, etc.), and not only in the form of a dusty gas suspension, and these products can be obtained simultaneously.
• the specified technical result in a method for processing heat-sensitive materials in a vortex chamber including a vertical supply of wet material into a vortex chamber, the walls of which are made in the form of a body of revolution with a vertical axis coinciding with the axis of rotation of the rotor, which mechanically grinds the incoming material and entrains it in a vortex flow drying gas entering the chamber through the inlet tangential channel, while the vortex flow first dries the material, and then removes it from the chamber in the form of a gas suspension through the gas exhaust system, is achieved by the fact that the vortex chamber is made with the possibility of changing its volume, and the upper end and the lower end wall of the chamber are made in the form of bodies of revolution, and the side wall connecting them is in the form of the side surface of a straight circular cylinder, while additional holes can be made on the outer surface of the side wall and/or on the lower end wall of the vortex chamber i to extract recycled material with different properties.
• the inventive method due to the vortex chamber of variable volume, makes it possible to obtain, unlike the prototype, recycled material with different consumer qualities (size, humidity, density, etc.), and the specified recycled material can be obtained simultaneously using additional holes for extracting processed material on the side and bottom end walls of the chamber.
• the advantages of the proposed method for processing wet material include the following features.
• the proposed method makes it possible to regulate (by changing the volume of the vortex chamber) the heat treatment mode of heat-sensitive materials over time, changing this mode from the thermal shock mode (short interaction of the processed material with the drying gas, close to the material pasteurization mode), achieved with a small volume of vortex chamber, to the mode of gradual heating, long exposure and subsequent unloading with the required properties not only in terms of moisture, but also density and fineness, achieved with a large volume of the vortex chamber.
• the thermal shock mode short interaction of the processed material with the drying gas, close to the material pasteurization mode
• the proposed method has great technological advantages, due to the possibility of adjusting the position of the upper and lower end walls of the vortex chamber relative to the plane of the inlet tangential channel for supplying drying gas, which makes it possible to implement various methods for processing heat-sensitive materials in the vortex chamber by controlling the temperature distribution inside dispersed a cylindrical layer of the material being processed, located in a vortex flow of drying gas.
• the claimed method of processing heat-sensitive materials allows, due to the possibility of changing the volume of the vortex chamber, to significantly rebuild the technological processes of interaction of the source material (inhomogeneous in moisture content and component structure) with a circular vortex flow of drying gas and, thereby, effectively affect the rotating cylindrical dispersed layer of crushed material that occurs near the side cylindrical wall and form in it zones of the processed material, different in moisture content, density and dispersion, i.e. it becomes possible to classify the processed material directly during its processing in the vortex chamber, and the specified processed material with different consumer qualities (size, humidity, density, etc.) can be simultaneously removed through additional holes into different sealed containers.
• the proposed method not only significantly increases the productivity of wet material processing, but also eliminates the use of additional equipment for the subsequent separation of the processed material, which has no analogues among the known methods for processing heat-sensitive materials in a vortex chamber, and therefore meets the criterion of "inventive step" .
• Figure 1 shows a drawing of a vertical section of the vortex chamber for implementing the proposed method, where: 1 - side wall of the vortex chamber, having the shape of a side surface of a straight circular cylinder; the upper end wall 2 and the lower end wall 3 of the vortex chamber, which are made in the form of bodies of revolution and are installed with the possibility of moving along the axis of the vortex chamber to change the volume of the vortex chamber while maintaining its tightness due to sealing rings 4a and 46; 5 - a rotating rotor for mechanical grinding of wet material entering the vortex chamber with radial blades 6; 7 - inlet tangential channel (figure 2 shows its cross section A-A), through which the drying gas flow enters the vortex chamber; 8 - gas exhaust system for removing gas suspension, cooled drying gas and steam; 9 - corrugated coupling to maintain the tightness of the vortex chamber, when changing its volume; 10 - vertical loading channel for supplying
• Figure 2 shows a drawing explaining the device of the vertical loading channel with a typical sluice dispenser 18 (which is conventionally not shown in figure 1) for supplying wet material to the vortex chamber.
• Figure 4 shows a drawing of the section B-B, explaining the device of the gas exhaust system 8, connected to a typical cyclone (in the figure, it is conventionally not shown) to separate the gas suspension from the drying gas.
• a continuous flow (adjustable from 30% to nominal) is started into it through the vertical loading channel 10 with a continuous flow (adjustable from 30% to nominal) wet material, which, for example, is litter with a moisture content of about 75%, which falls on a rotating rotor 5 with radial blades 6 and is thrown by centrifugal forces onto the edge of the bottom wall 3 directed at an angle upwards, after which it is ricocheted upwards along the heated side wall 1, where it is captured by a circular vortex flow of hot drying gas .
• the vortex chamber Since the manure flows through the loading channel 10 in small portions in a continuous mode, as the manure is fed into the vortex chamber, the thickness of the vortex dispersed layer increases and at the same time its stratification (segregation) begins due to the presence in the layer of both sufficiently small and dry particles, and and freshly arrived - moist, large and more dense.
• the vortex chamber enters the stationary mode of operation after the gas suspension containing the lightest dust-like particles of the recycled material begins to flow through the gas exhaust system 8 together with the cooled drying gas and steam. By this time, the rotor speed and wet material feed rate have reached 100% of their nominal value.
• Example 1 As a processed material, we will use mass agricultural waste, such as native bird droppings with a moisture content of about 75%. This waste is quite toxic, since it contains a large amount of various pathogenic microflora and its direct use as a fertilizer is not allowed. Its export to the fields is also unacceptable due to its high toxicity. At the same time, hundreds of tons of it are produced daily at poultry farms, which means that daily disposal is required. The proposed method is quite suitable for solving this problem.
• additional holes 11 and 15a-15c available on the surface of the vortex chamber for extracting processed material are connected using elastic hoses (they are conventionally not shown in the figure) and slide gates 16a-16c with sealed containers.
• additional extraction channels are adjusted to the minimum productivity, for example, by slightly opening the slide gates by a small amount, which is determined experimentally.
• the lower end wall 3 is raised as close as possible to the tangential gas supply channel 7, and the upper end wall 2 is raised as high as possible by the amount allowed by the design of the vortex chamber.
• the rotor 5 of the drying chamber is put into rotation with a rotation speed in the range of 40-50% of the nominal.
• drying gas with a temperature of 150-200°C is started to be fed into the vortex chamber through the inlet tangential gas supply channel 7, forming an intense vortex gas flow in the vortex chamber.
• wet native bird droppings with a moisture content of about 75% begin to be dosed into the vortex chamber.
• slide gate valves 16a-16c begin to open synchronously to ensure that it is synchronous with the supply of manure. extraction from the vortex chamber.
• the synchronism of extraction is controlled, for example, by a weight method. To do this, the weight of the vortex chamber is continuously measured in order to maintain a constant weight of the processed material in it. Air ducts, pipes and other equipment connected to the chamber are connected to the chamber in such a way that they do not interfere with the weighing.
• the speed of rotation of the rotor is adjusted to the nominal. After that, the weight of the unloaded finished product is sequentially controlled from various additional holes 15a-15c on the side wall 1 of the vortex chamber. If the vortex chamber has switched to a stationary mode of operation, then the weight of the material unloaded from the chamber (including steam) must correspond to the weight of the loaded wet material through the loading channel 10. After that, they begin to analyze the outflow rates of the finished material from various additional holes 15a-15c. If the flow rate of the finished material through the additional hole 15v is significantly lower (for example, 5 times or more) than through the hole 156, then the upper end wall 2 is lowered below the hole 15c, after closing the sliding gate valve 16c.
• Suitable humidity parameters can be, for example, the following:
• litter with a moisture content of about 60% is removed and sent for further processing, for example, by composting;
• litter is taken with a moisture content of 15-20%, which is then mixed with dry litter isolated from the gas suspension that passed through the gas exhaust system 8 (after its dry cleaning in a cyclone) and sent for pelletizing, the resulting pellets are used as fuel pellets, and the heat from their combustion is used, for example, to heat the composting room ( in winter), for hot water supply, etc., and incineration ash is used as a mineral phosphorus-potassium fertilizer;
• litter with a moisture content of about 40% is taken, granulated and used as a granulated fertilizer.
• the proposed method solves the problem of native litter disposal with obtaining a wide range of useful products from it.
• An individual set of products is selected by the user at his own discretion.
• the lower end wall 3 is allowed to move about half of the maximum possible downward movement from the inlet tangential gas supply channel 7;
• samples are taken from additional holes 15a-15c (in fact, there can be much more holes than shown in figure 1 , ) in the side wall 1 sequentially from top to bottom; - when analyzing the samples, choose the hole (for example, it turned out to be hole 15a), from which the material with parameters that do not meet the required moisture characteristics (for example, more than 15% moisture content) is taken.
• This opening 15a is closed;
• the selection of material is carried out from the remaining open hole 156 and from under the cyclone, in which the drying gas is cleaned from the gas suspension, leaving through the gas exhaust system 8;
• the selected material (from hole 156 and from under the cyclone) is mixed and sent for pelletizing.
• a poultry farm needs to process manure into fine fuel for combustion in dust burners. Other products are not needed.
• the difference from example 2 is that the properties of the sampled material are additionally regulated by moving the upper end wall 2 synchronously with the lower end wall 3 by the same amount up or down within the possible stroke allowed by the dryer design.
• an enterprise producing combined feed needs to process vegetable raw materials, for example, freshly cut grass, into vitamin flour and use it as one of the components combined feed.
• the main task in this case is to quickly grind the raw material and dry it to the required moisture content with maximum preservation of useful substances, including vitamins, in the resulting product.
• the task can be solved by organizing such a technological process, in which not only the rapid grinding of raw materials takes place, but also its rapid heat treatment. This process can be compared to the pasteurization process that takes place in dairy and melange industries.
• the essence of such a heat treatment process which can also be called a "thermal pulse" is to quickly heat the material to the required temperature, and then quickly remove it from the heating zone, followed by rapid cooling.
• the main feature of this process is that the upper end wall 2 and the lower end wall 3 move as close as possible to each other, providing a minimum volume of the vortex chamber (it is obvious that in this case the upper end wall 2 remains above the inlet tangential gas supply channel 7, and the lower end wall 3 remains below this channel). At the same time, the minimum volume of the vortex chamber ensures the minimum contact time of the hot drying gas with the material being processed.
• the upper end wall 2 is brought as close as possible to the inlet tangential gas supply channel 7, but leaving between the inlet tangential gas supply channel 7 and the upper end wall 2 one additional hole 15a in the side wall 1 (all additional holes 156 and 15b above are closed);
• the lower end wall 3 is raised as close as possible (as far as the equipment design allows) to the inlet tangential gas supply channel 7;
• the upper end wall 2 is raised even higher (regardless of the position of the lower end wall 3) and the selection of material is started by opening the additional hole 156 closest to the upper end wall 2 in the side wall 1, while closing the hole 15a;
• An enterprise producing combined feed including for poultry farming, needs to process vegetable raw materials (medicinal herbs harvested by digging and, therefore, having a root system partially contaminated with soil) into medicinal additives for poultry feed.
• the lower end wall 3 is installed below the inlet tangential gas supply channel 7 (the exact location of the wall 3 is selected experimentally), while the lower end wall 3 is moved independently of the upper end wall 2;
• the gate valve 12 which closes the exit of the material from the additional hole 11 in the lower end wall 3, removing the accumulated earth from the root system from it.
• a model of the vortex chamber was created, the vertical section of which is shown in Fig.1.
• the specified camera layout had the following specifications:

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

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• 2021
  • 2021-03-02 RU RU2021105433A patent/RU2755847C1/ru active
• 2022
  • 2022-04-25 CN CN202280015969.9A patent/CN116917680A/zh active Pending
  • 2022-04-25 CA CA3207857A patent/CA3207857A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-04-25 US US18/264,505 patent/US20240302097A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-04-25 EP EP22763674.3A patent/EP4303512A4/en active Pending
  • 2022-04-25 WO PCT/RU2022/000136 patent/WO2022186726A1/ru not_active Ceased
  • 2022-04-25 JP JP2023549877A patent/JP2024512241A/ja active Pending

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