WO2022183913A1 - 基于区块链的物权交互 - Google Patents

基于区块链的物权交互 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022183913A1
WO2022183913A1 PCT/CN2022/076607 CN2022076607W WO2022183913A1 WO 2022183913 A1 WO2022183913 A1 WO 2022183913A1 CN 2022076607 W CN2022076607 W CN 2022076607W WO 2022183913 A1 WO2022183913 A1 WO 2022183913A1
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Prior art keywords
payment
blockchain system
transaction
property right
target
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PCT/CN2022/076607
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
闫二风
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支付宝(杭州)信息技术有限公司
蚂蚁区块链科技(上海)有限公司
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Publication of WO2022183913A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022183913A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/382—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/27—Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database system; Distributed database system architectures therefor

Definitions

  • One or more embodiments of this specification relate to the field of blockchain technology, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for interaction of property rights.
  • Blockchain technology (also known as distributed ledger technology) is a decentralized distributed database technology, which has the characteristics of decentralization, openness, transparency, non-tampering, and trustworthiness. In application scenarios with high demands on data reliability. In view of the above-mentioned high-quality characteristics of blockchain technology, more and more data is stored on the blockchain. Among them, in the property rights interaction scenario, the property rights information of the goods is also stored in the blockchain, so as to avoid the property rights information of the goods being stored in the centralized database, which leads to the problem that the property rights information of the goods is easily tampered with .
  • one or more embodiments of this specification provide a property right interaction method and apparatus.
  • a property right interaction method is proposed, which is applied to a property right interaction platform, including: after determining that the payer has In the case of completing the payment operation for the target product, generate a property right change transaction for the target product; send the property right change transaction to the blockchain system to be invoked by the blockchain system for changing the property
  • the smart contract of the right owner changes the owner of the target item to the payer.
  • a property right interaction method is proposed, which is applied to a property right interaction platform, including: in response to a received property right change request initiated for a target product, based on the The identification of the goods contained in the property right change request, and the identity information of the payer who requested to obtain the ownership of the target goods, generate a property right change transaction; send the property right change transaction to the blockchain system, so that the The chain system executes the on-chain asset transfer operation for the target product according to the product identifier and the identity information, and after completing the on-chain asset transfer operation, changes the owner of the target product to the payer.
  • a property right interaction device which is applied to a property right interaction platform, comprising: a generating unit, when it is determined that the payment party has completed the payment operation for the target goods , generate a property right change transaction for the target goods; the sending unit sends the property right change transaction to the blockchain system, so that the blockchain system can call the smart contract for changing the property owner, Change the owner of the target item to the payer.
  • a property right interaction device which is applied to a property right interaction platform, comprising: a generating unit, in response to a received property right change request initiated for a target product, Based on the product identifier included in the property right change request and the identity information of the payer requesting to acquire the ownership of the target product, a property right change transaction is generated; the sending unit sends the property right change transaction to the blockchain system, So that the blockchain system executes the on-chain asset transfer operation for the target product according to the product identifier and the identity information, and when the on-chain asset transfer operation is completed, transfers the target The owner of the goods is changed to the said payer.
  • an electronic device comprising: a processor; a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; wherein the processor executes the executable instructions by running the executable instructions to implement the method according to the first aspect or the second aspect.
  • a computer-readable storage medium having computer instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the method according to the first aspect or the second aspect A step of.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for interacting property rights provided by an exemplary embodiment.
  • Fig. 2 is a flowchart of another method for interacting property rights provided by an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is an interaction diagram of a property right interaction method provided by an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is an interaction diagram of another property right interaction method provided by an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a property right interaction apparatus provided by an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of another property right interaction apparatus provided by an exemplary embodiment.
  • the steps of the corresponding methods are not necessarily performed in the order shown and described in this specification.
  • the method may include more or fewer steps than described in this specification.
  • a single step described in this specification may be decomposed into multiple steps for description in other embodiments; and multiple steps described in this specification may also be combined into a single step in other embodiments. describe.
  • the user can pay a corresponding amount of assets to the current owner of the item to acquire the property right of the item.
  • the user and the current owner may have completed an off-chain transaction for the item (eg, either user has transferred a corresponding amount of assets to the current owner's account and acquired the item) physical object), but the title of the item on the chain may still belong to the current owner.
  • the property rights of the goods recorded on the chain are not updated in time, which leads to the inability to trace the property rights change process of the goods, and the authentication of the property rights owner for the goods is wrong (the above-mentioned current owner is still the the owner of the goods) etc.
  • this specification proposes a property right interaction method.
  • the payment operation for goods and the property right change operation of the goods are related to each other, so as to avoid the interaction between the two in related technologies.
  • Independence which leads to problems such as the inability to trace the change process of the property rights of the goods.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for interacting property rights according to an exemplary embodiment of this specification.
  • the method is applied to a property rights interaction platform, and the method may include the following steps: Step 102 , when it is determined that the payer has completed the payment operation for the target product, generate a property right change transaction for the target product.
  • this specification introduces a property right change platform to correlate the payment operation for the item with the property right change operation for the item. Specifically, when the property right change platform determines that the payment operation for the goods has been completed, it will generate a blockchain transaction for changing the property rights of the corresponding goods, so that the blockchain system can update the property rights information of the corresponding goods in time. .
  • the property rights interaction platform introduced in this manual refers to: "It is used to confirm whether the payment operation for the goods is completed, and when it is determined that the payment operation has been completed, the execution of The subject of execution of the real right change transaction of the right information”.
  • the execution body may be carried on any type of hardware device, for example, the hardware device may be any independent fixed terminal or mobile terminal, or may be a server cluster including multiple servers.
  • the above examples are only illustrative, and the type of hardware device that the main body is specifically carried can be set according to actual requirements, which is not limited in this specification.
  • the payer can complete the payment operation for the target goods through the payment platform corresponding to the property rights interaction platform.
  • the payment operation is an off-chain asset transfer operation.
  • the payment operation can be completed either through the real right interactive platform or not through the real right interactive platform.
  • the client in the case of completing through the property rights interaction platform, can send a property right change request for the target goods to the property rights interaction platform, so that the property rights interaction platform can generate a corresponding payment request and send it to the above-mentioned payment platform. ;
  • the payment platform After the payment platform receives the payment request, it can complete the payment operation according to the information in it.
  • This information may include identity information of the paying party, identity information of the current owner of the target item, and the like. What content the information specifically includes can be determined by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, which is not limited in this specification.
  • the client can directly interact with the payment platform to complete the payment operation for the target goods, and when the payment operation is completed, it can then initiate a target payment operation to the property rights interaction platform.
  • the payment platform can issue a payment certificate "to prove that the payer has completed the payment operation for the target goods", and the client can add the payment certificate to the property right change request to prove to the property right interaction platform The payer has completed the payment operation for the target item.
  • the payer can complete the payment operation for the target goods through the blockchain system, and in this case, the payment operation is an on-chain asset transfer operation.
  • the client can also trigger the payment operation for the target goods by sending a property right change request to the property right interaction platform.
  • the property rights interaction platform can generate a payment transaction for the target goods, so as to complete the payment operation for the target goods through the blockchain system.
  • the payment transaction may include the identity information of the payer, the identity information of the current owner of the target goods, etc., so that the blockchain system will use the payment party's blockchain account to complete the payment.
  • the operated on-chain assets are transferred to the current owner's blockchain account.
  • the payment operation in this embodiment is an on-chain asset transfer operation
  • the payment operation for the target product is also recorded in the blockchain system.
  • this method makes the payment operation for the target goods also traceable, which enhances the traceability of the entire transaction process.
  • the property rights interaction platform needs to further determine the identity information of the current owner of the target goods. Then, the determined identity information is added to the above payment request or payment transaction, so as to complete the corresponding payment operation.
  • the identity information is added to the payment request, so that after receiving the payment request, the above-mentioned payment platform can determine the current owner's account according to the identity information, And transfer the off-chain assets in the payer's account used to complete the payment operation to the current owner's account.
  • the identity information is added to the payment transaction, so that the blockchain system can determine the current owner's block according to the identity information contained in the payment transaction after receiving the payment transaction.
  • Chain account and transfer the on-chain assets used to complete the above payment operation in the payer's blockchain account to the current owner's blockchain account.
  • the originator of the property right change request may already know the identity information of the current owner of the target product, and the originator may add the identity information to the property right change request before sending it to the property rights interaction platform. Then, the property rights interaction platform can directly extract the identity information of the current owner from the property rights change request to complete the payment operation for the target goods.
  • the identity information of the current owner is obtained from off-chain channels (eg, provided by the sellers of both parties to the transaction), it is not absolutely reliable. Therefore, in the embodiment, it can be further verified whether the identity information is reliable.
  • the property rights information of the target goods is stored in the blockchain system, which is equivalent to the identity information of the current owner being stored in the blockchain system. In view of this, whether the extracted identity information is reliable can be determined by initiating a blockchain transaction to the blockchain system.
  • a corresponding authentication transaction can be generated according to the extracted identity information, and the authentication transaction can be sent to the blockchain In the system; after receiving the authentication transaction, the blockchain system can authenticate the identity information in the authentication transaction according to the stored world state of property rights used to indicate the current owner of the target product, and return the authentication result.
  • the property rights interaction platform can judge whether the authentication result indicates that the extracted identity information is consistent with the current owner (equivalent to determining whether the extracted identity information is the identity of the current owner of the target product according to the received authentication result information), if it does not match, the property right change request will not be processed, and the payment request or payment transaction will not be initiated; if it matches, the payment request or payment transaction will be generated according to the extracted identity information.
  • the identity information of the current owner can be obtained from the blockchain system.
  • the property rights interaction platform can generate a transaction for obtaining the identity information of the current owner of the target goods, and send it to the blockchain system, so that the blockchain system can obtain the goods of the target goods included in the transaction according to the identity information.
  • identification determine the identity information of the current owner of the target goods, and return it to the property rights interaction platform; after the property rights interaction platform receives the returned identity information, the identity information can be added to the above payment request or payment transaction, It is used to transfer assets equal to the price of the target goods to the account of the current owner, and then complete the payment operation for the target goods.
  • the identity information of the current owner of the target product is directly obtained from the blockchain system. Since the data in the blockchain system cannot be tampered with, the reliability of the obtained identity information is guaranteed. Compared with the previous embodiment, the steps of verifying identity information are reduced, and the execution efficiency of the payment operation is improved.
  • the property rights interaction platform may further determine the price information of the target goods, so as to determine the amount of assets to be transferred to complete the above payment operation. Similar to the identity information of the current owner, after obtaining the price information, the price information can be added to the above payment request or payment transaction, so that the payment platform or blockchain system can determine the price according to the price information. The amount of assets consumed to complete a payment operation for the target item.
  • the price information is added to the payment request, so that after receiving the payment request, the above-mentioned payment platform can, according to the price information, transfer the payment from the account of the payer to the payment request.
  • the price-equivalent off-chain assets of the target item are transferred to the current owner's account.
  • the payment operation is an on-chain asset transfer operation
  • the price information is added to the payment transaction, so that after receiving the payment transaction, the blockchain system can transfer the payment party's blockchain to the payment transaction according to the price information contained therein.
  • the on-chain assets in the account equal to the price of the target item are transferred to the current owner's blockchain account.
  • the price information of the target item can also be obtained in various ways.
  • the initiator of the property right change request may know the price information of the target goods, and the initiator may add the price information to the property right change request before sending it to the property right interaction platform. Then, the property rights interaction platform can directly extract the price information of the target goods from the property rights change request to complete the payment operation for the target goods.
  • the extracted price information may be provided by the current owner of the target product, and the current owner is equivalent to the seller of the target product, who may deliberately increase the price of the target product in order to obtain higher profits price. Therefore, this embodiment can further check whether the price information is consistent with the real value of the target goods.
  • the price information of the target product can also be pre-stored in the blockchain system, and the price information is usually consistent with the real value of the target product (the real value usually represents the current market value of the corresponding product).
  • the real right interactive platform can generate an inspection transaction for inspecting the price information of the target goods, so as to verify whether the extracted price information is consistent with the current market value.
  • the blockchain system can obtain the price world state used to indicate the current market value of the target product, so as to test the extracted price information; after receiving the test result, the property rights interactive platform will, if the test result indicates the extracted price If the information matches the current market price of the target product, a corresponding payment request or payment transaction is generated to complete the payment operation for the target product.
  • the reliability of the price information can be ensured, thereby avoiding the situation that the interests of the payer are damaged due to the falsely high price information.
  • the property rights interaction platform may locally maintain a commodity price list in which prices of various commodities are recorded. Then, after receiving the property right change request, the property right interactive platform can query the price information of the target product from the product price list according to the product identifier included in the property right change request.
  • the property rights interaction platform needs to maintain an additional commodity price list, since the property rights interaction platform is independent of the two parties of the commodity transaction and belongs to irrelevant stakeholders, the price of the target commodity is obtained from the commodity price list maintained by it. Information can ensure the reliability of the obtained price information, thereby ensuring the fairness of the transaction.
  • the price information of the target item may be pre-stored in the blockchain system. Then, after receiving the property right change request, the property rights interaction platform can generate a transaction for obtaining price information of the target product, so as to obtain the price information of the target product from the blockchain system.
  • the blockchain system can acquire and return the price information of the target item according to the item identifier contained in the transaction. Since the data stored in the blockchain system cannot be tampered with, it can ensure the reliability of the price information of the obtained target goods. Therefore, after receiving the price information returned by the blockchain system, the property rights interaction platform can use the price information. It is added to the above payment request or payment transaction to determine the amount of assets that the payer needs to consume to complete the payment operation for the target item.
  • the above-mentioned property right change request can be initiated by the client by scanning the graphic code corresponding to the target item; the graphic code is attached to the target item or provided by the current owner of the target item.
  • the graphic code may be in any graphic code form, for example, the graphic code may be a two-dimensional code or a barcode.
  • the graphic code used to be scanned to initiate a property right change request in this specification can be: a common graphic code used for any purpose. It's just that compared to the common graphic codes, the graphic codes in this manual not only have common functions, but also have the function of initiating a property right change request.
  • the graphic code may be any of the common physical evidence code and authorization code.
  • the physical evidence code usually refers to: the graphic code attached to the goods, the public information of the goods can be obtained after scanning.
  • the verification code usually refers to a graphic code that can be used to verify the current owner of the goods after scanning, which is often generated based on the physical evidence code of the goods, and is usually presented by the current owner of the goods.
  • the physical evidence code is a graphic code held privately by the current owner of the product. On the one hand, it can be used to generate the above-mentioned authorization code, so that the current owner of the product can prove that he is the owner of the product to other users; on the other hand, it can be used by the owner of the product.
  • the current owner obtains the non-public information of the goods after scanning.
  • the non-public information may include: information on the transfer of the goods (such as the number of transfers, the change of the owner of each transfer, the price of each transfer), etc., which are only known to the owner of the goods. information.
  • the graphic code in this manual can only be used for the original purpose of the graphic code (such as the function of the above-mentioned physical evidence code or right verification code).
  • the graphic code in this specification can also have a payment function, so that when a property right change request is initiated by scanning the graphic code, a corresponding payment identifier will be added to the request to inform the property right interaction platform.
  • the payment operation for the corresponding goods needs to be completed through the property right interactive platform.
  • the graphic code in this manual usually has the payment function to directly instruct the payment platform or blockchain system to complete the payment operation for the target goods.
  • the property rights interaction platform may determine that the payment party has completed the payment operation when receiving payment confirmation information for the payment operation for the target goods.
  • the sender of the payment confirmation information is usually related to the payment method adopted, and can be at least one of "payer, current owner of the target product, payment platform, and blockchain system".
  • the payment platform can either directly return the payment confirmation message; or the payment platform can send the payment confirmation message to the originator of the property right change request, and then the originator forwards it to Real rights interactive platform.
  • the situation of completing payment operations through the blockchain system is similar, and will not be repeated here.
  • the graphic code in this specification can be scanned by the payer or the current owner of the target product.
  • the current owner of the target product ie, the supermarket party
  • Step 104 Send the property right change transaction to the blockchain system, so that the blockchain system invokes the smart contract for changing the property owner, and changes the owner of the target goods to the payment square.
  • the property rights interaction platform when the property rights interaction platform determines that the payer has completed the payment operation for the target product, it can generate a property right change transaction for the target product and send it to the blockchain system to instruct the blockchain system to The property rights information of the target goods is changed.
  • the property right change transaction usually includes the product identifier of the target product and the identity information of the payer, so that the blockchain system can determine the target product for the property right change operation and the property right to obtain the target product. payer.
  • the blockchain system can extract the product identifier of the target product contained in it, and according to the product identifier, find out the object of the target product from the property rights information of several items maintained. On this basis, the property rights information of the target goods can be updated, so that the updated property rights information indicates that the above-mentioned payer is the owner of the target goods.
  • data is stored in a blockchain system in a way that records the state of the world.
  • the data when the data needs to be updated, the data can also be updated by changing the state of the world.
  • the blockchain system may store a world state of property rights for indicating the owner of each item. Therefore, when the blockchain system receives a property right change transaction, it can determine the property right world state used to indicate the owner of the target product according to the product identifier of the target product contained in it, and call the smart contract's method, update the world state of the property right to change the owner of the target item to the above-mentioned payer.
  • the property rights information of the goods can also be recorded by storing the property rights certificates of the goods.
  • the owner of the target product can be changed to the payer by updating the title certificate of the target product.
  • the blockchain system after the blockchain system changes the owner of the target product to the payer, it can generate a property right code uniquely corresponding to the target product, and return the property right code to the property right interaction platform to The property right code is forwarded by the property right interactive platform to the client used by the payer, and maintained by the payer privately.
  • the property right code can be used to query the non-public information of the target item.
  • the payer when the payer needs to obtain the non-public information of the target item, it can scan the item Initiating a query transaction for querying the non-public information of the target product to the blockchain system by means of a right code.
  • the received transaction is executed by the blockchain system
  • the received transaction is usually executed by the blockchain node included in the blockchain system.
  • a blockchain node can first reach a consensus on the transaction with other nodes in the blockchain network to which it belongs, and then process the transaction when the consensus is passed.
  • the operation of changing the property right information of the target goods can be performed under the condition that the consensus is passed.
  • the blockchain system in this specification may include only one blockchain network or multiple blockchain networks.
  • the blockchain system can adopt either the traditional architecture of blockchain technology or the BaaS (Blockchain as a Service) architecture.
  • the traditional architecture the blockchain nodes in the blockchain system can be formed by deploying the blockchain code on the corresponding physical devices.
  • each blockchain node corresponds to a Physical equipment;
  • the BaaS architecture the blockchain nodes in the blockchain system are formed by deploying the blockchain code on the virtual machine implemented in the cloud through cloud services, and the blockchain nodes do not need to correspond to the corresponding entities one by one. equipment.
  • the above situation is only illustrative, and how to deploy the blockchain system can be determined by the technology in the art according to actual needs, which is not limited in this specification.
  • this specification introduces a property rights interaction platform, which initiates a property rights change transaction for the target goods to the blockchain system when it is determined that the payer has completed the payment operation for the target goods. , to instruct the blockchain system to change the owner of the target item to the payer. It is not difficult to see that, through the introduction of the property rights interaction platform in this manual, the payment operation for the target goods and the property right change operation for the target goods are related to each other, thereby avoiding the payment operation for the target goods and the property right change in the related art. The operations are separated from each other, which leads to the problem that the off-chain transaction is not synchronized with the on-chain property update.
  • this manual can initiate a property right change request for the target goods by scanning the graphic code corresponding to the target goods, and the graphic code also has the payment function for the target goods, so that both parties to the transaction of the target goods only need to One scan code operation can complete the payment operation and the property right change operation for the target goods, which avoids the need to operate the payment process and the property right interaction process separately in related technologies, greatly simplifies the user's operation, and improves the transaction efficiency.
  • the price information of the target goods and/or the identity information of the current owner are pre-stored in the blockchain system in this specification, so that this specification can obtain the price information and/or the price information of the target goods from the blockchain system.
  • the identity information of the current owner; or, based on the price information of the target product in the blockchain system and/or the identity information of the current owner, the price information and/or current price information of the target product extracted from the property right change request can be The identity information of all parties is verified or authenticated. Since the price information of the target goods and/or the identity information of the current owner stored in the blockchain system cannot be tampered with, the reliability of the property rights change operation for the target goods based on these information can be guaranteed, and the transaction process can be prevented from damaging the transaction. the interests of either party.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of another method for interacting property rights according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification.
  • the method is applied to the property right interaction platform, and the method may include the following steps: Step 202 , in response to the received property right change request initiated for the target product, based on the product identifier included in the property right change request, and requesting to obtain The identity information of the payer of the ownership of the target goods is used to generate a property right change transaction.
  • the property right change transaction generated by the property right interaction platform based on the property right change request is only used to instruct the blockchain system to change the owner of the target item to payment.
  • the payer of the operation the property right change transaction can also trigger the on-chain asset transfer operation for the target goods in the blockchain system, so that in this method, the property right interaction platform only needs to send
  • the blockchain system sends a unique property right change transaction to complete the payment operation and property right change operation for the target goods.
  • the property right interaction platform does not initiate a property right change transaction for the target product when it is determined that the payer has completed the payment operation for the target product. Instead, as long as the property right change request is received, a property right change transaction for the target goods is generated and sent, and the property right change transaction is used to instruct the blockchain system to realize the payment operation for the target goods by transferring the assets on the chain. And after completing the payment operation, directly change the owner of the target goods to the payer of the payment operation.
  • Step 204 Send the property right change transaction to the block chain system, so that the block chain system can perform the on-chain asset transfer operation for the target goods according to the goods identification and the identity information, and in When the on-chain asset transfer operation is completed, the owner of the target item is changed to the payer.
  • the property right change request received by the property rights interaction platform should at least include the product identifier of the target product and the identity information of the payer who requests to acquire the ownership of the target product, so that the product identifier and identity information generated based on the product identifier and identity information can be generated.
  • the property right change transaction can instruct the blockchain system to complete the on-chain asset transfer operation for the target goods.
  • the property right change request may only include the product identifier of the target product and the identity information of the payer.
  • the product identifier is used to determine the current owner of the target product and its blockchain account on the one hand, and is also used to determine the price information of the target product on the other hand; and the identity information is used to determine the request to obtain The payer of the title of the target item, and its blockchain account.
  • the blockchain system can transfer the on-chain assets in the blockchain account of the payer that are equivalent to the price of the target product to the blockchain account of the current owner of the target product to complete the target product.
  • the on-chain asset transfer operation of the target item is performed.
  • the owner of the target item can be further changed to the payer.
  • both “the current owner of the target item” and “the price information of the target item” are obtained through on-chain query.
  • the blockchain system please refer to the introduction to Figure 1, and will not be repeated here.
  • the property right change request may also include at least one of "identity information of the current owner of the target product, price information of the target product" transaction information.
  • corresponding transaction information may also be added to the generated real right change transaction.
  • the blockchain system can directly perform on-chain asset transfer operations and property right change operations based on the information contained in the transaction (equivalent to the blockchain system trusting the transaction by default). information in ).
  • the corresponding transaction information can also be stored in the blockchain system. At this time, the blockchain system can further authenticate or verify the information contained in the transaction. For details on how the blockchain system performs authentication or inspection, reference may be made to the introduction to the method shown in FIG. 1 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the property right interaction platform in this specification can directly generate a property right change transaction when receiving a property right change request, and send it to the blockchain system.
  • the blockchain system after receiving the transaction, completes the payment operation for the target goods through the transfer of assets on the chain, and changes the owner of the target goods to the owner of the payment operation when it is determined that the payment operation has been completed. payer.
  • the payment operation for the target goods is completed through the on-chain asset transfer operation, and the on-chain asset transfer operation is triggered by the property right change transaction, so that the method only needs to send a unique property right change.
  • the transaction can complete the payment operation and the property right change operation for the target goods. There are two operations in total, which avoids the situation that the two operations are executed based on different instructions, resulting in a large number of interactions.
  • FIG. 3 is an interaction diagram of a property right interaction method according to an exemplary embodiment of this specification. As shown in FIG. 3 , the method may include the following steps: Step 301 , the buyer client side scans the verification code displayed by the seller client side.
  • the buyer is the payer described above
  • the seller is the current owner of the target product described above.
  • the seller as the current owner of the target product, can generate the above-mentioned right verification code temporarily used to prove that it is the current owner of the target product according to the property right code saved by itself.
  • any one-way irreversible generation method can be adopted. For example, it can be generated by calculating a hash value, or a secret key generation method similar to generating a public-private key pair.
  • the method used to generate the verification code can be determined according to actual needs, which is not limited in this specification.
  • the seller 2 as the current owner of the commodity A, usually keeps the property right code a of the commodity A.
  • the seller 2 in order to facilitate the transaction, can generate the verification code a' based on the property right code a, and show it to the buyer 1, so that the buyer 1 can scan the verification code a' through its own client to initiate a property right change ask.
  • Step 302 the buyer client sends an authentication request to the property rights interaction platform.
  • the buyer's client can generate an identity verification request according to the commodity identification "A" of commodity A obtained by scanning the verification code a', and the identity information of the seller 2, and send it to the property rights interaction platform.
  • step 303 the property rights interaction platform generates a corresponding identity authentication transaction and sends it to the blockchain system.
  • the property rights interaction platform can extract the product identifier "A" and the identity information of the seller 2 from it to generate an identity authentication transaction and send it to the blockchain system.
  • Step 304 the blockchain system authenticates the identity information in the identity authentication transaction according to the stored identity information of the current owner of the target product.
  • the blockchain system After the blockchain system receives the identity authentication transaction, it can extract the product identifier "A" from it, so as to determine whether the seller 2 is the current owner of the product A according to the pre-stored identity information of the current owner of the product A. The owner to obtain the authentication result for the identity information of seller 2.
  • Step 305 the blockchain system returns the authentication result to the property rights interaction platform, and the property rights interaction platform returns the authentication result to the buyer's client.
  • the authentication result can be returned to the buyer's client through the property rights interactive platform, and the buyer's client can display the authentication result to the buyer 1 to inform the buyer 1 that "the seller is indeed the current owner of the item A".
  • the buyer's client terminal may further display a confirmation control, so that the buyer 1 clicks the confirmation control, and then sends a property right change request for the goods A.
  • Step 306 the buyer client generates a property right change request and sends it to the property right interaction platform.
  • the description is given by taking an example that the buyer 1 cannot fully trust the seller 2. Therefore, the above operation of authenticating the identity information of the seller 2 needs to be performed. However, if the buyer 1 fully trusts the seller 2, the above steps of identity authentication may not be performed, and the buyer client can directly generate a corresponding property right change request after scanning the verification code. Correspondingly, since identity authentication is not required, the authentication code can also be replaced with the physical evidence code of the product A.
  • the specific operation can be determined by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • step 307 the property rights interaction platform generates a payment request for the target product and sends it to the payment platform.
  • the payment operation for the goods A is completed through the payment platform.
  • the property right interaction platform can extract the identity information of buyer 1 and seller 2 contained in the property right change request, as well as the price information of commodity A, to generate a payment request for commodity A and send it to the payment platform.
  • the price information of item A can be added to the property right change request by the buyer's client in the previous step (for example, after the buyer and the seller negotiate, manually input through the buyer's client), or in this step, According to the product identification "A" of product A, it can be obtained by query.
  • the specific operation has been described in detail above, and will not be repeated here.
  • Step 308 the payment platform performs a payment operation for the target product according to the payment information included in the payment request.
  • the payment platform can extract the payment information therein to complete the payment operation for the product A.
  • the above payment information is the identity information of the buyer 1, the identity information of the seller 2, the price information of the commodity A, and the like.
  • the payment platform can transfer funds in buyer 1's account that are equivalent to the price of commodity A to seller 2's account. After completing the transfer of funds, the payment confirmation information that the payment operation for the goods A has been completed can be returned to the property rights interaction platform.
  • Step 309 the payment platform returns payment confirmation information indicating that the payment operation has been completed to the property rights interaction platform.
  • Step 310 After receiving the confirmation information, the property right interaction platform generates a property right change transaction based on the transaction information included in the property right change request.
  • the property right interaction platform after receiving the confirmation information returned by the payment platform, the property right interaction platform can generate a property right change transaction and send it to the blockchain system.
  • Step 311 the property right interaction platform sends the generated property right change transaction to the blockchain system.
  • Step 312 after the blockchain system receives the property right change transaction, it changes the owner of the target goods to the buyer.
  • the property right change transaction may include the product identifier "A" of the product A and the identity information of the buyer 1, so as to change the owner of the product A to the buyer 1.
  • the specific operation mode has been introduced in detail above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the payment operation for the target goods, the identity authentication operation for the seller user, and the property right change operation for the target goods are all completed through the property rights interaction platform, so that the property rights interaction platform can Manage the entire transaction process as a whole to avoid the situation where the transaction process is out of control and the interests of either party are damaged.
  • the entire transaction process can be traced in the real right interactive platform.
  • FIG. 4 is an interaction diagram of another property right interaction method shown in an exemplary embodiment of this specification. As shown in FIG. 4 , the method may include the following steps: Step 401 , the seller client scans the physical evidence code attached to the target product.
  • the supermarket usually has a brand endorsement, and there will be no situation where the seller is unreliable and the buyer's interests are damaged. Therefore, in this embodiment, there is no need to authenticate the identity information of the seller, and the physical evidence code attached to the target product can be directly used as the graphic code for initiating the request for property right change.
  • the physical evidence code in this embodiment usually also has a payment function for the corresponding goods.
  • the client can scan the physical evidence code b on the product B to initiate a payment request for the product B.
  • the supermarket salesperson usually scans the physical evidence code through the supermarket client to complete the payment operation for the target goods.
  • the operation of scanning the physical evidence code is performed by the seller's client. Therefore, this embodiment is also introduced by taking the example of scanning the physical evidence code by the seller's client terminal.
  • the buyer's client can also perform the operation of scanning the physical evidence code.
  • Step 402 the seller client initiates a payment request for the target product to the payment platform.
  • Step 403 the payment platform completes the payment operation for the target goods according to the payment information contained in the received payment request.
  • Step 404 the payment platform returns the payment confirmation information of the completed payment operation to the seller client.
  • Step 405 when the seller client receives the payment confirmation information returned by the payment platform, it generates a property right change request for the target goods.
  • the payment platform can also directly send a property right change request to the property right interaction platform after completing the payment operation. How to send the property right change request by which subject can be set by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, which is not limited in this specification.
  • Step 406 the seller client sends the generated property right change request to the property right interaction platform.
  • step 407 the property right interaction platform generates a property right change transaction for the target goods based on the received property right change request.
  • Step 408 the property right interaction platform sends the generated property right change transaction to the blockchain system.
  • Step 409 after the blockchain system receives the property right change transaction, it changes the owner of the target goods to the buyer.
  • the property right change transaction may include the product identifier "B" of the product B and the identity information of the buyer 1, so as to change the owner of the product B to the buyer 1.
  • the specific operation mode has been introduced in detail above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the client after the client and the payment platform complete the payment operation by themselves, the client initiates a request for property right change for the target goods.
  • the property rights interaction platform does not need to participate in the payment operation for the target goods, which reduces the processing resources occupied by the payment operation on the property rights interaction platform, and also reduces the number of interactions between the property rights interaction platform and other devices.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an exemplary embodiment.
  • the device includes a processor 502 , an internal bus 504 , a network interface 506 , a memory 508 and a non-volatile memory 510 , and of course may also include hardware required for other services.
  • the processor 502 reads the corresponding computer program from the non-volatile memory 510 into the memory 508 and then executes it, forming a property right interaction device on a logical level.
  • one or more embodiments of this specification do not exclude other implementations, such as logic devices or a combination of software and hardware, etc., that is to say, the execution subjects of the following processing procedures are not limited to each Logic unit, which can also be hardware or logic device.
  • the property right interaction apparatus may include: a generating unit 601 , in the case that it is determined that the payer has completed the payment operation for the target product, generate a property right change transaction for the target product ;
  • the sending unit 602 sends the property right change transaction to the blockchain system, so that the blockchain system invokes the smart contract for changing the property owner, and changes the owner of the target product to the owner of the target item. the payer.
  • the payment operation is an off-chain asset transfer operation completed by a payment platform corresponding to the property rights interaction platform; or, the payment operation is an on-chain asset transfer operation performed in the blockchain system.
  • it further includes: a payment unit 603, in response to the received property right change request initiated for the target product, sending a payment request for the target product to the payment platform, so as to complete the payment through the payment platform the payment operation; or, in response to the received property right change request initiated for the target goods, sending a payment transaction for the target goods to the blockchain system, so as to complete the block chain system through the blockchain system. payment operation.
  • a first determining unit 604 for determining the identity information of the current owner of the target product; adding the identity information to the payment request or the payment transaction, so that the payment platform or The blockchain system transfers the assets in the account of the payer for completing the payment operation to the account with the current owner according to the identity information.
  • the first determining unit 604 is further configured to: extract the identity information of the current owner from the property right change request.
  • an authentication unit 605 which generates an authentication transaction for the identity information; and sends the authentication transaction to the blockchain system, so that the blockchain system can instruct the According to the real world status of the current owner of the target goods, the identity information is authenticated, and the obtained authentication result is returned; wherein, the payment request or the payment transaction is authenticated returned by the blockchain system.
  • the result indicates that the identity information is generated when the identity information matches the current owner.
  • the first determining unit 604 is further configured to: generate an identity information acquisition transaction for the current owner of the target product; send the identity information acquisition transaction to the blockchain system for The blockchain system obtains the product identifier included in the transaction according to the identity information, and determines the identity information of the current owner of the target product; receives the identity information returned by the blockchain system, and the identity information is added to the The payment request or the payment transaction is used to transfer an asset equivalent to the price of the target item to the account of the current owner to complete the payment operation.
  • it further includes: a second determining unit 606, for determining price information of the target goods; adding the price information to the payment request or the payment transaction, so that the payment platform or the block According to the price information, the chain system transfers the assets in the account of the payer equivalent to the price of the target item to the account with the current owner.
  • a second determining unit 606 for determining price information of the target goods; adding the price information to the payment request or the payment transaction, so that the payment platform or the block According to the price information, the chain system transfers the assets in the account of the payer equivalent to the price of the target item to the account with the current owner.
  • the second determining unit 606 is further configured to: extract the price information of the target goods from the property right change request.
  • a verification unit 607 which generates a verification transaction for the price information; and sends the verification transaction to the blockchain system, so that the blockchain system can indicate the requested price according to the stored data.
  • the second determining unit 606 is further configured to: according to the item identifier of the target item included in the property right change request, obtain the price information of the target item from a locally stored item price list by query. .
  • the second determining unit 606 is further configured to: generate a price information acquisition transaction for the target product; send the price information acquisition transaction to the blockchain system, so that the blockchain system can Obtain the product identifier included in the transaction according to the price information, and obtain the price information of the target product; receive the price information returned by the blockchain system, and the price information is added to the payment request or the payment transaction , which is used to determine the amount of assets that the payer needs to consume to complete the payment operation.
  • the property right change request is initiated by the client by scanning a graphic code corresponding to the target item; wherein the graphic code is attached to the target item, or is presented by the current owner of the target item. .
  • a third confirming unit 608 in the case of receiving the payment confirmation information for the payment operation, determining that the payer has completed the payment operation; wherein, the sending of the payment confirmation information
  • the parties include at least one of the following: the payer, the current owner of the target item, the payment platform, and the blockchain system.
  • the blockchain system stores the world state of property rights for indicating the owner of the target product, and the smart contract updates all the world states of the target product by updating the world state of property rights. Party is changed to the said payer.
  • a receiving unit 609 which receives the property right code returned by the blockchain system after changing the owner of the target product to the payer, and sends the received property right code to A client used by the payer; wherein the property right code can be used to query the non-public information of the target goods.
  • the property right interaction apparatus may include: a generating unit 701 , in response to a received property right change request initiated for a target item, based on the item identifier included in the property right change request , and the identity information of the payer who requests to obtain the ownership of the target goods, and generates a property right change transaction; the sending unit 702 sends the property right change transaction to the blockchain system, so that the blockchain system can send the property right change transaction to the blockchain system according to the
  • the commodity identifier and the identity information are used to perform an on-chain asset transfer operation for the target commodity, and when the on-chain asset transfer operation is completed, the owner of the target commodity is changed to the payer.
  • a typical implementing device is a computer, which may be in the form of a personal computer, laptop computer, cellular phone, camera phone, smart phone, personal digital assistant, media player, navigation device, email sending and receiving device, game control desktop, tablet, wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.
  • a computer includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
  • processors CPUs
  • input/output interfaces network interfaces
  • memory volatile and non-volatile memory
  • Memory may include forms of non-persistent memory, random access memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory in computer readable media, such as read only memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • flash RAM flash memory
  • Computer-readable media includes both persistent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and storage of information may be implemented by any method or technology.
  • Information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data.
  • Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), Flash Memory or other memory technology, Compact Disc Read Only Memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) or other optical storage, Magnetic tape cartridges, disk storage, quantum memory, graphene-based storage media or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media can be used to store information that can be accessed by computing devices.
  • computer-readable media does not include transitory computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.
  • first, second, third, etc. may be used in this specification to describe various information, such information should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other.
  • first information may also be referred to as the second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as the first information without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of the present specification.
  • word "if” as used herein can be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when” or "in response to determining.”

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Abstract

本说明书一个或多个实施例提供一种物权交互方法及装置，该方法应用于物权交互平台，可以包括：在确定支付方已完成针对目标货品的支付操作的情况下，生成针对所述目标货品的物权变更交易；将所述物权变更交易发送至区块链系统，以由所述区块链系统调用用于变更物权所有方的智能合约，将所述目标货品的所有方变更为所述支付方。

Description

基于区块链的物权交互 技术领域
本说明书一个或多个实施例涉及区块链技术领域，尤其涉及物权交互方法及装置。
背景技术
区块链技术(也被称之为，分布式账本技术)是一种去中心化的分布式数据库技术，具有去中心化、公开透明、不可篡改、可信任等多种特点，适用于诸多对数据可靠性具有高需求的应用场景中。鉴于区块链技术存在上述优质特性，越来越多的数据被存储至区块链。其中，在物权交互场景下，货品的物权信息也被存储至区块链中，以避免货品的物权信息被存储至中心化数据库中，而导致货品的物权信息容易被篡改的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本说明书一个或多个实施例提供一种物权交互方法及装置。
本说明书一个或多个实施例提供技术方案如下：根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第一方面，提出了一种物权交互方法，应用于物权交互平台，包括：在确定支付方已完成针对目标货品的支付操作的情况下，生成针对所述目标货品的物权变更交易；将所述物权变更交易发送至区块链系统，以由所述区块链系统调用用于变更物权所有方的智能合约，将所述目标货品的所有方变更为所述支付方。
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第二方面，提出了一种物权交互方法，应用于物权交互平台，包括：响应于接收到的针对目标货品发起的物权变更请求，基于所述物权变更请求中包含的货品标识，以及请求获取所述目标货品所有权的支付方的身份信息，生成物权变更交易；向区块链系统发送所述物权变更交易，以由所述区块链系统根据所述货品标识和所述身份信息，执行针对所述目标货品的链上资产转移操作，并在完成所述链上资产转移操作的情况下，将所述目标货品的所有方变更为所述支付方。
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第三方面，提出了一种物权交互装置，应用于物权交互平台，包括：生成单元，在确定支付方已完成针对目标货品的支付操作的情况下，生成针对所述目标货品的物权变更交易；发送单元，将所述物权变更交易发送至区块链系统，以由所述区块链系统调用用于变更物权所有方的智能合约，将所述目标货品的所有方变更为所述支付方。
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第四方面，提出了一种物权交互装置，应用于物权交互平台，包括：生成单元，响应于接收到的针对目标货品发起的物权变更请求，基于所述物权变更请求中包含的货品标识，以及请求获取所述目标货品所有权的支付方的身份信息，生成物权变更交易；发送单元，向区块链系统发送所述物权变更交易，以由所述区块链系统根据所述货品标识和所述身份信息，执行针对所述目标货品的链上资产转移操作，并在完成所述链上资产转移操作的情况下，将所述目标货品的所有方变更为 所述支付方。
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第五方面，提出了一种电子设备，包括：处理器；用于存储处理器可执行指令的存储器；其中，所述处理器通过运行所述可执行指令以实现如第一方面或第二方面所述的方法。
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第六方面，提出了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机指令，该指令被处理器执行时实现如第一方面或第二方面所述方法的步骤。
附图说明
图1是一示例性实施例提供的一种物权交互方法的流程图。
图2是一示例性实施例提供的另一种物权交互方法的流程图。
图3是一示例性实施例提供的一种物权交互方法的交互图。
图4是一示例性实施例提供的另一种物权交互方法的交互图。
图5是一示例性实施例提供的一种电子设备的结构示意图。
图6是一示例性实施例提供的一种物权交互装置的框图。
图7是一示例性实施例提供的另一种物权交互装置的框图。
具体实施方式
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明，其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述涉及附图时，除非另有表示，不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本说明书一个或多个实施例相一致的所有实施方式。相反，它们仅是与如所附权利要求书中所详述的、本说明书一个或多个实施例的一些方面相一致的装置和方法的例子。
需要说明的是：在其他实施例中并不一定按照本说明书示出和描述的顺序来执行相应方法的步骤。在一些其他实施例中，其方法所包括的步骤可以比本说明书所描述的更多或更少。此外，本说明书中所描述的单个步骤，在其他实施例中可能被分解为多个步骤进行描述；而本说明书中所描述的多个步骤，在其他实施例中也可能被合并为单个步骤进行描述。
在相关技术中，在用户对货品进行交易的情况下，针对该货品的支付操作通常与链上执行的物权变更操作相互脱离，致使该货品的链下交易过程与链上执行的物权变更过程不同步。
举例而言，当一用户想要购买某一货品时，该用户可以向该货品的当前所有方支付相应数额的资产，以获取该货品的物权。在一些情况下，该用户与该当前所有方可能已经完成了针对该货品的链下交易(例如，该任一用户已经向当前所有方的账户中转移了相应数额的资产，且获得了该货品的实物)，但该货品在链上的物权可能仍属于该当前 所有方。此时，链上记录的该货品的物权未被及时更新，进而导致该货品的物权变更过程无法追溯，以及针对该货品的物权所有方认证错误(错认为上述当前所有方仍为该货品的所有方)等问题。
有鉴于此，本说明书提出了一种物权交互方法，通过引入物权交互平台的方式，使针对货品的支付操作与该货品的物权变更操作相互关联，避免了相关技术中由于两者相互独立，而导致货品物权的变更过程无法追溯等问题。
图1为本说明书一示例性实施例示出的一种物权交互方法的流程图。该方法应用于物权交互平台，该方法可以包括以下步骤：步骤102，在确定支付方已完成针对目标货品的支付操作的情况下，生成针对所述目标货品的物权变更交易。
由上述内容可知，相关技术中针对货品的支付操作与针对该货品的物权变更操作相互独立。因此，导致了相关技术中针对该货品的物权变更过程无法追溯等问题。
有鉴于此，本说明书引入了物权变更平台，以使针对货品的支付操作与针对该货品的物权变更操作相互关联。具体的，物权变更平台在确定针对货品的支付操作已完成的情况下，便会生成用于变更相应货品物权的区块链交易，以使区块链系统及时更新相应货品的物权信息。
需要声明的是，本说明书中引入的物权交互平台指的是：“用于确认货品的支付操作是否完成，且在确定支付操作已完成的情况下，执行生成用于变更链上记录的物权信息的物权变更交易”的执行主体。该执行主体可以承载于任一类型的硬件设备，例如，该硬件设备可以为任一独立的固定终端或移动终端，也可以为包含多个服务器的服务器集群。当然，上述举例仅是示意性的，该主体具体承载于那一类型的硬件设备可根据实际需求设置，本说明书对此不作限制。
在本说明书中，当用户需要获取任一货品的物权时，由于该用户通常需要完成相应的支付操作，因此将该用户称作支付方，而将该任一货品称作目标货品。
在一实施例中，支付方可以通过与物权交互平台对应的支付平台完成针对目标货品的支付操作，此时，该支付操作为链下资产转移操作。在本实施例中，支付操作既可以通过物权交互平台完成，也可以不通过物权交互平台完成。
其中，在通过物权交互平台完成的情况下，客户端可以向物权交互平台发送针对目标货品的物权变更请求，以使物权交互平台生成相应的支付请求，并发送至上述支付平台处；支付平台接收到支付请求后，即可根据其中的信息完成支付操作。该信息可以包括支付方的身份信息、目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息等。该信息具体包含哪些内容，可由本领域技术人员根据实际需求确定，本说明书对此不作限制。
而在不通过物权交互平台完成的情况下，客户端可以直接与支付平台交互，以完成针对目标货品的支付操作，并在完成该支付操作的情况下，再向物权交互平台发起针对 目标货品的物权变更请求。在该情况下，支付平台可以发放“用于证明支付方已完成针对目标货品的支付操作”的支付凭证，客户端可以将该支付凭证添加至物权变更请求中，以向物权交互平台证明支付方已完成针对目标货品的支付操作。
不难理解的是，在通过物权交互平台完成支付操作的情况下，相当于通过物权变更请求触发针对目标货品的支付操作，能够强化物权交互平台对整个交易过程的统筹管理，进而提高交易的可靠性；而在不通过物权交互平台完成支付操作的情况下，相当于优先完成针对目标货品的支付操作，再基于已完成的支付操作生成物权变更请求，大幅减少了物权交互平台参与的交互次数。
在另一实施例中，支付方可以通过区块链系统完成针对目标货品的支付操作，此时，该支付操作为链上资产转移操作。
在本实施例中，客户端也可以通过向物权交互平台发送物权变更请求的方式，触发针对目标货品的支付操作。具体的，物权交互平台在接收到物权变更请求后，即可生成针对目标货品的支付交易，以通过区块链系统完成针对目标货品的支付操作。与上一实施例相类似的，支付交易中可以包含支付方的身份信息、目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息等，以便区块链系统将支付方的区块链账户中，用于完成支付操作的链上资产转移至当前所有方的区块链账户中。
由于本实施例中的支付操作为链上资产转移操作，使得针对目标货品的支付操作也被记录于区块链系统。换言之，该方式使得针对目标货品的支付操作也可追溯性，增强了整个交易过程的可追溯性。
在本说明书中，若支付操作经由物权交互平台完成，物权交互平台还需进一步确定目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息。然后，将确定出的身份信息加入上述支付请求或支付交易中，以用于完成相应的支付操作。
其中，在该支付操作为链下资产转移操作时，该身份信息被添加至支付请求中，以使上述支付平台在接收到支付请求后，可以根据该身份信息确定出该当前所有方的账户，并将支付方的账户中用于完成支付操作的链下资产转移至当前所有方的账户中。而在支付操作为链上资产转移操作时，该身份信息被添加至支付交易中，以使区块链系统在接收到支付交易后，可以根据其中包含的身份信息确定出当前所有方的区块链账户，并将支付方的区块链账户中用于完成上述支付操作的链上资产转移至当前所有方的区块链账户中。
在一实施例中，物权变更请求的发起方可能已知晓目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息，该发起方可以将该身份信息添加至物权变更请求后，再发送至物权交互平台。那么，物权交互平台即可直接从物权变更请求中提取当前所有方的身份信息，以用于完成针对目标货品的支付操作。
在该实施例中，由于当前所有方的身份信息从链下渠道获知(如由交易双方中的卖方提供)，并非绝对可靠。因此，在实施例中，还可以进一步验证该身份信息是否可靠。在本说明书中，目标货品的物权信息被存储至区块链系统中，相当于当前所有方的身份信息被存储至区块链系统中。鉴于此，可以通过向区块链系统发起区块链交易的方式确定提取的身份信息是否可靠，具体的，可以根据提取的身份信息生成相应的认证交易，并将该认证交易发送至区块链系统中；区块链系统在接收到该认证交易后，即可根据存储的用于指示目标货品的当前所有方的物权世界状态，对认证交易中的身份信息进行认证，并将认证结果返回至物权交互平台；物权交互平台即可判断认证结果是否表明提取的身份信息与当前所有方相符(相当于根据接收到的认证结果确定提取的身份信息是否为目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息)，若不相符，则不对该物权变更请求进行处理，不发起支付请求或支付交易；若相符，则根据提取的身份信息生成支付请求或支付交易。
在另一实施例中，由于当前所有方的身份信息被存储至区块链系统中，因此，可以从区块链系统中获取当前所有方的身份信息。具体的，物权交互平台可以生成针对目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息获取交易，并将其发送至区块链系统，以由区块链系统根据身份信息获取交易中包含的目标货品的货品标识，确定出目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息，并返回至物权交互平台；物权交互平台在接收到返回的身份信息后，即可将该身份信息添加至上述支付请求或支付交易，以用于将与目标货品的价格对等的资产转移至当前所有方的账户中，进而完成针对目标货品的支付操作。
在本实施例中，直接从区块链系统中获取目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息，由于区块链系统中的数据具有不可篡改性，保证了获取的身份信息的可靠性。相较于上一实施例，减少了验证身份信息的步骤，提高了支付操作的执行效率。
应当理解的是，完成支付操作除了需要知晓支付方、目标货品的当前所有方以外，还需知晓完成支付操作所需的资产数额。
在本说明书中，物权交互平台还可以进一步确定目标货品的价格信息，以用于确定完成上述支付操作所需转移的资产数额。与当前所有方的身份信息相类似的，在获得该价格信息后，即可将该价格信息添加至上述支付请求或支付交易中，以使支付平台或区块链系统可以根据该价格信息，确定完成针对目标货品的支付操作所需消耗的资产数额。
其中，在该支付操作为链下资产转移操作时，该价格信息被添加至支付请求中，以使上述支付平台在接收到支付请求后，可以根据该价格信息，将支付方的账户中，与目标货品的价格对等的链下资产转移至当前所有方的账户中。而在支付操作为链上资产转移操作时，该价格信息被添加至支付交易中，以使区块链系统在接收到支付交易后，可以根据其中包含的价格信息，将支付方的区块链账户中与目标货品的价格对等的链上资产转移至当前所有方的区块链账户中。
在本说明书中，与确定目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息相类似的，目标货品的价格信息也可以通过多种方式获得。
在一实施例中，物权变更请求的发起方可能知晓目标货品的价格信息，该发起方可以将该价格信息添加至物权变更请求后，再发送至物权交互平台。那么，物权交互平台即可直接从物权变更请求中提取目标货品的价格信息，以用于完成针对目标货品的支付操作。
在本实施例中，提取的价格信息可能是由目标货品的当前所有方提供的，而该当前所有方相当于目标货品的卖家，其很可能为了获取更高的收益而刻意抬高目标货品的价格。因此，本实施例还可以进一步检验该价格信息是否与目标货品的真实价值相符。在实际操作中，区块链系统中还可以预先存储有目标货品的价格信息，该价格信息通常与目标货品的真实价值相符(该真实价值则通常表征了相应货品的当前市值)。在此基础上，物权交互平台即可生成用于检验目标货品的价格信息的检验交易，以检验提取的价格信息是否与当前市场价值相符。具体的，区块链系统可以获取用于指示目标货品当前市场价值的价格世界状态，以对提取的价格信息进行检验；物权交互平台在接收到检验结果后，若该检验结果表明提取的价格信息与目标货品的当前市场价格相匹配，则生成相应的支付请求或支付交易，以用于完成针对目标货品的支付操作。
通过对提取的价格信息进行检验的方式，能够保证价格信息的可靠性，进而避免由于价格信息虚高，导致支付方利益受损的情况。
在另一实施例中，物权交互平台本地可以维护有记录有各种货品价格的货品价格表。那么，物权交互平台在接收到物权变更请求后，即可根据物权变更请求中包含的货品标识，从货品价格表中查询得到目标货品的价格信息。在本实施例中，尽管需要物权交互平台额外维护一货品价格表，但由于物权交互平台独立于货品交易双方，属于利益不相关者，从由其维护的货品价格表获取目标货品的价格信息，能够保证获得的价格信息的可靠性，进而保证交易的公平性。
在又一实施例中，目标货品的价格信息可以预先存储至区块链系统中。那么，物权交互平台在接收到物权变更请求后，即可生成针对目标货品的价格信息获取交易，以从区块链系统中获取目标货品的价格信息。在实际操作中，区块链系统在接收到上述价格信息获取交易后，可以根据该交易中包含的货品标识，获取目标货品的价格信息并返回。由于区块链系统中存储的数据不可篡改，能够保证获取到的目标货品的价格信息可靠性，因此，物权交互平台在接收到区块链系统返回的价格信息后，便可将该价格信息添加至上述支付请求或支付交易中，以用于确定支付方完成针对目标货品的支付操作所需消耗的资产数额。
在本说明书中，上述物权变更请求可由客户端通过扫描与目标货品对应的图形码发 起；该图形码附带于目标货品，或者由目标货品的当前所有方提供。该图形码可以采用任一种图形码形式，例如，该图形码可以为二维码或者条形码。
在实际操作中，本说明书中用于被扫描以发起物权变更请求的图形码可以为：常见的被用作任一用途的图形码。只不过相较常见的图形码，本说明书中的图形码除了常见的功能以外，还兼具发起物权变更请求的功能。例如，该图形码可以为常见的物证码和验权码中的任一。
其中，物证码通常指的是：货品上附带的、扫描之后可以获取货品的公开信息的图形码，该公开信息可以包括：货品生产日期、生产厂商等一切与货品相关的可公开信息。而验权码通常指的是：扫描之后可用于验证货品当前所有方的图形码，常基于货品的物证码生成、且通常由货品的当前所有方出示。物证码则是货品当前所有方私人持有的图形码，一方面可用于生成上述验权码，以便货品的当前所有方向其他用户证明自己为该货品的所有者；另一方面，可被货品的当前所有方扫描之后获取货品的非公开信息，该非公开信息可以包括：货品的转手信息(如转手次数、每次转手的所有方变更情况、每次转手的价格)等仅货品所有方可知的信息。
在实际操作中，若在通过物权交互平台完成支付操作的情况下，本说明书中的图形码除了该图形码原本的用途(如上述物证码或验权码的作用)以外，可以仅用于发起物权变更请求，只需物权交互平台在接收到物权变更请求的情况下，默认需要通过物权交互平台完成针对相应货品的支付操作。当然，在该情况下，本说明书中的图形码也可以兼具支付功能，以在通过扫描图形码发起物权变更请求时，在该请求中添加相应的支付标识，用于告知物权交互平台在接收到该物权变更请求的情况下，需要通过物权交互平台完成相应货品的支付操作。
若在不通过物权交互平台完成支付操作的情况下，本说明书中的图形码通常兼具支付功能，以用于直接指示支付平台或区块链系统完成针对目标货品的支付操作。
在本说明书中，物权交互平台可以在接收到针对目标货品的支付操作的支付确认信息的情况下，确定支付方已完成支付操作。其中，该支付确认信息的发送方通常与所采用的支付方式相关，可以为“支付方、目标货品的当前所有方、支付平台、区块链系统”中的至少之一。例如，在通过支付平台完成支付操作时，既可以由支付平台直接返回支付确认信息；也可以由支付平台将该支付确认消息发送至物权变更请求的发起方后，再由该发起方转发至物权交互平台。通过区块链系统完成支付操作的情况也是类似，在此不作赘述。
在本说明书中，可以由支付方或者目标货品的当前所有方扫描本说明书中的图形码，例如，在私下交易场景中，若通过目标货品的当前所有方出示的验权码发起支付请求或者物权变更请求，那么，即可由支付方扫描图形码；而在超市等公开交易场景中，则可 以由目标货品的当前所有方(即超市方)扫描货品上的物证码发起支付请求或者发起物权变更请求。
当然，在如超市等场景下，可以在通过扫描图形码获取多个目标货品的信息后，统一发起针对多个目标货品的物权变更请求。
步骤104，将所述物权变更交易发送至区块链系统，以由所述区块链系统调用用于变更物权所有方的智能合约，将所述目标货品的所有方变更为所述支付方。
在本说明书中，当物权交互平台确定支付方已完成针对目标货品的支付操作时，即可生成针对目标货品的物权变更交易，并发送至区块链系统，以指示区块链系统对目标货品的物权信息进行变更。
在实际操作中，该物权变更交易通常包含目标货品的货品标识，以及支付方的身份信息，以便区块链系统确定物权变更操作所针对的目标货品，以及需要获取该目标货品的物权的支付方。具体的，区块链系统在接收到物权变更交易后，可以提取其中包含的目标货品的货品标识，并根据该货品标识，从维护的若干货品的物权信息中，查找出目标货品的物权信息；在此基础上，即可对该目标货品的物权信息进行更新，以使更新后的物权信息表明上述支付方为目标货品的所有方。
应当理解的是，在区块链系统中以记录世界状态的方式存储数据。相应的，在需要对数据进行更新时，也可以通过改变世界状态的方式更新数据。在本说明书中，区块链系统中可以存储有用于表明各个货品的所有方的物权世界状态。因此，区块链系统在接收到物权变更交易的情况下，即可根据其中包含的目标货品的货品标识确定出用于表明目标货品的所有方的物权世界状态，并通过调用智能合约的方式，更新该物权世界状态，以将目标货品的所有方变更为上述支付方。
在区块链系统中，还可以通过存储货品的物权凭证的方式，记录货品的物权信息。在该情况下，即可通过更新目标货品的物权凭证的方式，将目标货品的所有方变更为支付方。
在本说明书中，区块链系统在将目标货品的所有方变更为支付方后，即可生成与该目标货品唯一对应的物权码，并将该物权码返回至物权交互平台，以由物权交互平台将该物权码转发至支付方使用的客户端处，并由支付方私下维护。正如上文对物权码的介绍所述，该物权码可被用于查询目标货品的非公开信息，具体的，在支付方需要获取目标货品的非公开信息时，即可通过扫描该物权码的方式向区块链系统发起用于查询目标货品的非公开信息的查询交易。
需要声明的是，尽管在上述描述中由区块链系统执行接收到的交易，但在实际操作中，通常由区块链系统中包含的区块链节点执行接收到的交易。例如，区块链节点在接收到交易后，可以优先与所属区块链网络中的其他节点对该交易进行共识，并在共识通 过的情况下，再对该交易进行处理。而在接收到物权变更交易的情况下，即可在共识通过的情况下执行变更目标货品的物权信息的操作。
在实际应用中，本说明书中的区块链系统既可以仅包含一个区块链网络，也可以包含多个区块链网络。除此之外，该区块链系统既可以采用区块链技术的传统架构，也可以采用BaaS(Blockchain as a Service)架构。其中，在采用传统架构时，区块链系统中的区块链节点可以通过在相应实体设备上部署区块链代码的方式形成，在大多数情况下，每个区块链节点均对应于一个实体设备；而在采用BaaS架构时，区块链系统中的区块链节点通过云服务在云端实现的虚拟机上部署区块链代码而形成，区块链节点无需一一对应于相应的实体设备。当然，上述情况仅是示意性的，具体如何部署区块链系统，可以由本领域技术根据实际需求确定，本说明书对此不作限制。
由上述技术方案可知，本说明书引入了物权交互平台，该物权交互平台在确定支付方已完成针对目标货品的支付操作的情况下，向区块链系统发起针对目标货品的物权变更交易，以指示区块链系统将目标货品的所有方变更为支付方。不难看出，本说明书通过引入的物权交互平台，使得针对目标货品的支付操作和针对目标货品的物权变更操作相互关联，进而避免了相关技术中由于针对目标货品的支付操作和物权变更操作相互脱离，而导致的链下交易与链上物权更新不同步的问题。
进一步的，本说明书可以通过扫描与目标货品的对应的图形码的方式，发起针对目标货品的物权变更请求，且该图形码兼具针对目标货品的支付功能，使得目标货品的交易双方只需进行一次扫码操作，即可完成针对目标货品的支付操作和物权变更操作，避免了相关技术中需要针对支付过程和物权交互过程分别进行操作的情况，大幅简化了用户的操作，提升了交易效率。
再进一步的，本说明书中的区块链系统中预先存储有目标货品的价格信息和/或当前所有方的身份信息，使得本说明书可以从区块链系统中获取目标货品的价格信息和/或当前所有方的身份信息；或者，可以根据区块链系统中的目标货品的价格信息和/或当前所有方的身份信息，对从物权变更请求中提取的目标货品的价格信息和/或当前所有方的身份信息进行检验或认证。由于区块链系统中保存的目标货品的价格信息和/或当前所有方的身份信息不可篡改，能够保证基于这些信息执行的针对目标货品的物权变更操作的可靠性，避免出现交易过程损害交易双方中任一方利益的情况。
在本说明书中，除了通过上述方式进行物权变更以外，还提出了另一种物权变更方式。在该方式中，只需向区块链网络发送唯一的物权变更交易，即可完成针对目标货品的支付操作和物权变更操作。
图2为本说明书一示例性实施例示出的另一种物权交互方法的流程图。该方法应用于物权交互平台，该方法可以包括以下步骤：步骤202，响应于接收到的针对目标货品 发起的物权变更请求，基于所述物权变更请求中包含的货品标识，以及请求获取所述目标货品所有权的支付方的身份信息，生成物权变更交易。
由上述介绍可知，在图1所示的物权交互方法中，物权交互平台基于物权变更请求生成的物权变更交易，仅用于指示区块链系统将目标货品的所有方变更为支付操作的支付方。而在图2所示的物权交互方法中，该物权变更交易还可以触发区块链系统中针对目标货品的链上资产转移操作，使得在该方法中，物权交互平台只需向区块链系统发送唯一的物权变更交易，即可完成针对目标货品的支付操作和物权变更操作。
换言之，在图2所示的方法中，物权交互平台并非在确定支付方已完成针对目标货品的支付操作的情况下，才发起针对目标货品的物权变更交易。而是只要接收到物权变更请求，便生成并发送针对目标货品的物权变更交易，该物权变更交易用于指示区块链系统通过转移链上资产的方式实现针对目标货品的支付操作，并在完成该支付操作后，直接将目标货品的所有方变更为支付操作的支付方。
步骤204，向区块链系统发送所述物权变更交易，以由所述区块链系统根据所述货品标识和所述身份信息，执行针对所述目标货品的链上资产转移操作，并在完成所述链上资产转移操作的情况下，将所述目标货品的所有方变更为所述支付方。
在实际操作中，物权交互平台接收到的物权变更请求中应当至少包含目标货品的货品标识，以及请求获取目标货品所有权的支付方的身份信息，以使基于该货品标识和身份信息生成的物权变更交易，能够指示区块链系统完成针对目标货品的链上资产转移操作。
在一实施例中，物权变更请求中可以仅包含目标货品的货品标识和支付方的身份信息。其中，该货品标识一方面被用于确定目标货品的当前所有方，及其区块链账户，另一方面还被用于确定目标货品的价格信息；而该身份信息则被用于确定请求获取目标货品所有权的支付方，及其区块链账户。在此基础上，区块链系统即可将支付方的区块链账户中，与目标货品的价格对等的链上资产，转移至目标货品当前所有方的区块链账户中，以完成针对目标货品的链上资产转移操作。相应的，在完成该链上资产转移操作的情况下，即可进一步将目标货品的所有方变更为支付方。
在该实施例中，相当于“目标货品的当前所有方”和“目标货品的价格信息”均通过链上查询的方式得到。区块链系统具体如何查询，可参考对图1的介绍，在此不再赘述。
在另一实施例中，除了目标货品的货品标识和支付方的身份信息以外，物权变更请求中还可以包括“目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息、目标货品的价格信息”中的至少一种交易信息。与之相对应的，生成的物权变更交易中也可以增加相应的交易信息。在一种情况下，区块链系统在接收到物权变更交易后，可以直接基于该交易中包含的信息进行链上资产转移操作和物权变更操作(相当于区块链系统默认信任该交易中的信息)。 在另一种情况下，区块链系统中也可以存储有相应的交易信息，此时，区块链系统可以进一步对交易中包含的信息进行认证或检验。区块链系统具体如何进行认证或检验可参照对图1所示方法的介绍，在此不再赘述。
需要声明的是，在图2所示的方法中，如“物权交互平台承载于何种硬件设备”、“如何发起物权变更请求”、“如何获取目标货品的非公开信息”等均与图1所示的方法相类似，均可参照对图1的介绍，在此不再赘述。
由上述技术方案可知，本说明书中的物权交互平台可以在接收到物权变更请求的情况下，直接生成物权变更交易，并发送至区块链系统。而区块链系统则在接收到该交易后，通过链上资产转移的方式完成针对目标货品的支付操作，并在确定支付操作已完成的情况下，将目标货品的所有方变更为支付操作的支付方。
应当理解的是，在该方法中，通过链上资产转移操作完成针对目标货品的支付操作，且该链上资产转移操作由物权变更交易触发执行，使得该方法只需发送唯一的物权变更交易，即可完成针对目标货品的支付操作和物权变更操作，共两项操作，避免了两项操作基于不同的指令执行，而导致的交互次数较多的情况。
下面，以私下个人交易的场景为例，对本说明书的技术方案进行介绍。
图3为本说明书一示例性实施例示出的一种物权交互方法的交互图。如图3所示，该方法可以包括以下步骤：步骤301，买方客户端扫描卖方客户端展示的验权码。
在本实施例中，买方即为上文介绍的支付方，卖方即为上文介绍的目标货品的当前所有方。
由于本实施例介绍的为私下的个人交易场景，两者均没有品牌(或者说平台)的背书，致使买方和卖方之间的交易无法得到切实保障。因此，在该场景下，多采用验权码作为发起物权变更请求的图形码。
在实际操作中，卖方作为目标货品的当前所有方，可以根据自身保存的物权码，生成上述临时用于证明自身为目标货品的当前所有方的验权码。具体的，可以采用任一种单向不可逆的生成方式。例如，可以采用计算哈希值的方式生成，或者采用与生成公私钥对类似的秘钥生成方式生成，究竟采用何种方式生成验权码可以根据实际需求确定，本说明书对此不作限制。
举例而言，假设当前的场景为买方1向卖方2购买货品A。那么，卖方2作为货品A的当前所有方，通常保存有货品A的物权码a。此时，为了促成交易，卖方2，即可基于物权码a生成验权码a’，并展示给买方1，以由买方1通过自身客户端扫描验权码a’，以发起物权变更请求。
步骤302，买方客户端向物权交互平台发送身份验证请求。
承接上述举例，由于卖方2对买方1而言，并非绝对可信，因此，在发起物权变 更请求之前，还需通过验权码a’的原本用途，验证卖方2是否为货品A的当前所有方。
具体的，买方客户端可以根据扫描验权码a’得到的货品A的货品标识“A”，以及卖方2的身份信息，生成身份验证请求，并发送至物权交互平台处。
步骤303，物权交互平台生成相应的身份认证交易，并发送至区块链系统。
承接上述举例，物权交互平台接收到身份认证请求后，即可从中提取出货品标识“A”以及卖方2的身份信息，以用于生成身份认证交易，并发送至区块链系统。
步骤304，区块链系统根据保存的目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息对身份认证交易中的身份信息进行认证。
承接上述举例，区块链系统接收到身份认证交易后，即可从中提取出货品标识“A”，以根据预先存储的货品A的当前所有方的身份信息，判断卖方2是否为货品A的当前所有方，以得出针对卖方2身份信息的认证结果。
步骤305，区块链系统将认证结果返回至物权交互平台，并由物权交互平台将认证结果返回至买方客户端。
承接上述举例，认证结果可以经由物权交互平台返回至买方客户端，买方客户端即可向买方1展示认证结果，以告知买方1“卖方确实为货品A的当前所有方”。此时，买方客户端还可以进一步展示一确认控件，以便买方1点击该确认控件，进而发送针对货品A的物权变更请求。
步骤306，买方客户端生成物权变更请求，并发送至物权交互平台。
在本实施例中，是以买方1无法充分信任卖方2为例进行介绍，因此，才需执行上述对卖方2的身份信息进行认证的操作。然而，在买方1充分信任卖方2的情况下，可以无需执行上述身份认证的步骤，买方客户端在扫描验权码之后，直接生成相应的物权变更请求即可。相应的，由于无需进行身份认证，也可以将验权码替换为货品A的物证码，具体如何操作可由本领域技术人员根据实际需求确定，本实施例对此不作限制。
步骤307，物权交互平台生成针对目标货品的支付请求，并发送至支付平台。
在本实施例中，通过支付平台完成针对货品A的支付操作。具体的，物权交互平台可以提取物权变更请求中包含的买方1的身份信息和卖方2的身份信息，以及货品A的价格信息，以生成针对货品A的支付请求，并发送至支付平台。
需要声明的是，货品A的价格信息可以在上一步骤中由买方客户端添加至物权变更请求中(如买方和卖方商量之后，通过买方客户端手动输入)，也可以在本步骤中，根据货品A的货品标识“A”查询得到，具体如何操作在上文中已做详细介绍，在此不再赘述。
步骤308，支付平台根据支付请求中包含的支付信息，执行针对目标货品的支付操作。
在本实施例中，支付平台在接收到支付请求后，即可提取其中的支付信息，以完成针对货品A的支付操作。
上述支付信息即为上述买方1的身份信息、卖方2的身份信息、货品A的价格信息等。在实际操作中，支付平台可以将买方1的账户中，与货品A的价格对等的资金转移至卖方2的账户中。在完成资金转移后，即可向物权交互平台返回已完成针对货品A的支付操作的支付确认信息。
步骤309，支付平台将用于表明支付操作已完成的支付确认信息返回至物权交互平台。
步骤310，物权交互平台接收到确认信息后，基于物权变更请求中包含的交易信息，生成物权变更交易。
在本实施例中，物权交互平台在接收到支付平台返回的确认信息后，即可生成物权变更交易，并发送至区块链系统中。
步骤311，物权交互平台将生成的物权变更交易发送至区块链系统。
步骤312，区块链系统接收到物权变更交易后，将目标货品的所有方变更为买方。
承接上述举例，物权变更交易中可以包含货品A的货品标识“A”，以及买方1的身份信息，以用于将货品A的所有方变更为买方1。具体的操作方式已在上文中详细介绍，在此不再赘述。
由上述技术方案可知，在本实施例中，针对目标货品的支付操作、针对卖方用户的身份认证操作，以及针对目标货品的物权变更操作均经由物权交互平台完成，使得物权交互平台能够统筹管理整个交易过程，避免交易过程不受掌控而导致任一方利益受损的情况。同时，由于整个交易过程均经由物权交互平台完成，使得整个交易过程在物权交互平台中可追溯。
下面，以超市这一公开交易场景为例，对本说明书的技术方案进行介绍。
图4为本说明书一示例性实施例示出的另一种物权交互方法的交互图。如图4所示，该方法可以包括以下步骤：步骤401，卖方客户端扫描目标货品上附带的物证码。
在本实施例中，超市作为卖方，通常具有品牌背书，不会出现卖方不可靠而导致买方利益受损的情况。因此，在本实施例中，无需对卖方的身份信息认证，可以直接将目标货品上附带的物证码作为用于发起物权变更请求的图形码。
在实际应用中，超市中的大多商品均附带有与自身唯一对应的物证码。与常规物证码不同的是，本实施例中的物证码通常还具有针对相应货品的支付功能。
举例而言，若买方1想要购买货品B，可以通过客户端扫描货品B上的物证码b，以发起针对货品B的支付请求。
需要声明的是，由于时下大多超市的结账模式，通常由超市营业员通过超市方的 客户端扫描物证码，完成针对目标货品的支付操作。换言之，是由卖方客户端执行扫描物证码的操作。因此，本实施例也以由卖方客户端扫描物证码为例进行介绍。当然，在某些允许自行扫码购物的超市中，也可以由买方客户端执行扫描物证码的操作。
步骤402，卖方客户端向支付平台发起针对目标货品的支付请求。
步骤403，支付平台根据接收到的支付请求中包含的支付信息，完成针对目标货品的支付操作。
在本实施例中，支付请求中包含哪些支付信息，以及如何完成支付操作，与上一实施例相类似，具体如何操作可参照上一实施例的介绍，在此不再赘述。
步骤404，支付平台向卖方客户端返回已完成支付操作的支付确认信息。
步骤405，卖方客户端在接收到支付平台返回的支付确认信息的情况下，生成针对目标货品的物权变更请求。
在本实施例中，仅仅是以由卖方客户端发送物权变更请求为例进行介绍。在实际应用中，也可以由支付平台在完成支付操作的情况下，直接向物权交互平台发送物权变更请求。具体如何由哪一主体发送物权变更请求，可由本领域技术人员根据实际需求设定，本说明书对此不作限制。
步骤406，卖方客户端向物权交互平台发送生成的物权变更请求。
步骤407，物权交互平台基于接收到物权变更请求，生成针对目标货品的物权变更交易。
在本实施例中，物权交互平台如何基于物权变更请求生成物权变更交易，已在上文中详细介绍，在此不再赘述。
步骤408，物权交互平台将生成的物权变更交易发送至区块链系统。
步骤409，区块链系统接收到物权变更交易后，将目标货品的所有方变更为买方。
承接上述举例，物权变更交易中可以包含货品B的货品标识“B”，以及买方1的身份信息，以用于将货品B的所有方变更为买方1。具体的操作方式已在上文中详细介绍，在此不再赘述。
由上述技术方案可知，本实施例由客户端与支付平台自行完成支付操作后，再由客户端发起针对目标货品的物权变更请求。相较于上一实施例，物权交互平台无需参与针对目标货品的支付操作，减少了支付操作对物权交互平台的处理资源占用，也减少了物权交互平台与其他设备的交互次数。
图5是一示例性实施例提供的一种电子设备的示意结构图。请参考图5，在硬件层面，该设备包括处理器502、内部总线504、网络接口506、内存508以及非易失性存储器510，当然还可能包括其他业务所需要的硬件。处理器502从非易失性存储器510中读取对应的计算机程序到内存508中然后运行，在逻辑层面上形成物权交互装置。当然， 除了软件实现方式之外，本说明书一个或多个实施例并不排除其他实现方式，比如逻辑器件抑或软硬件结合的方式等等，也就是说以下处理流程的执行主体并不限定于各个逻辑单元，也可以是硬件或逻辑器件。
请参考图6，在软件实施方式中，该物权交互装置可以包括：生成单元601，在确定支付方已完成针对目标货品的支付操作的情况下，生成针对所述目标货品的物权变更交易；发送单元602，将所述物权变更交易发送至区块链系统，以由所述区块链系统调用用于变更物权所有方的智能合约，将所述目标货品的所有方变更为所述支付方。
可选的，所述支付操作为所述物权交互平台对应的支付平台完成的链下资产转移操作；或者，所述支付操作为在所述区块链系统中进行的链上资产转移操作。
可选的，还包括：支付单元603，响应于接收到的针对所述目标货品发起的物权变更请求，向所述支付平台发送针对所述目标货品的支付请求，以通过所述支付平台完成所述支付操作；或者，响应于接收到的针对所述目标货品发起的物权变更请求，向区块链系统发送针对所述目标货品的支付交易，以通过所述区块链系统完成所述支付操作。
可选的，还包括：第一确定单元604，确定所述目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息；将所述身份信息添加至所述支付请求或所述支付交易，以使得所述支付平台或所述区块链系统根据所述身份信息，将所述支付方的账户中用于完成所述支付操作的资产转移至与所述当前所有方的账户中。
可选的，第一确定单元604进一步被用于：从所述物权变更请求中提取当前所有方的身份信息。
可选的，还包括：认证单元605，生成针对所述身份信息的认证交易；将所述认证交易发送至所述区块链系统，以由所述区块链系统根据存储的用于指示所述目标货品的当前所有方的物权世界状态，对所述身份信息进行认证，并将得到的认证结果返回；其中，所述支付请求或所述支付交易在所述区块链系统返回的认证结果表明所述身份信息与所述当前所有方相符的情况下生成。
可选的，第一确定单元604进一步被用于：生成针对所述目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息获取交易；将所述身份信息获取交易发送至所述区块链系统，以由所述区块链系统根据所述身份信息获取交易中包含的货品标识，确定出所述目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息；接收区块链系统返回的身份信息，所述身份信息被添加至所述支付请求或所述支付交易，用于将与所述目标货品的价格对等的资产转移至所述当前所有方的账户中，以完成所述支付操作。
可选的，还包括：第二确定单元606，确定所述目标货品的价格信息；将所述价格信息添加至所述支付请求或所述支付交易，以使得所述支付平台或所述区块链系统根据所述价格信息，将所述支付方的账户中与所述目标货品的价格对等的资产转移至与所述 当前所有方的账户中。
可选的，第二确定单元606进一步被用于：从所述物权变更请求中提取所述目标货品的价格信息。
可选的，还包括：检验单元607，生成针对所述价格信息的检验交易；将所述检验交易发送至所述区块链系统，以由所述区块链系统根据存储的用于指示所述目标货品的当前市场价格的价格世界状态，对所述价格信息进行检验，并将检验结果返回；其中，所述支付请求或所述支付交易在所述区块链系统返回的检验结果表明所述价格信息与所述当前市场价格相匹配的情况下生成。
可选的，第二确定单元606进一步被用于：根据所述物权变更请求中包含的所述目标货品的货品标识，从本地存储的货品价格表中，查询得到所述目标货品的价格信息。
可选的，第二确定单元606进一步被用于：生成针对所述目标货品的价格信息获取交易；将所述价格信息获取交易发送至所述区块链系统，以由所述区块链系统根据所述价格信息获取交易中包含的货品标识，获取所述目标货品的价格信息；接收所述区块链系统返回的价格信息，所述价格信息被添加至所述支付请求或所述支付交易，以用于确定所述支付方完成所述支付操作所需消耗的资产数额。
可选的，所述物权变更请求由客户端通过扫描与所述目标货品对应的图形码发起；其中，所述图形码附带于所述目标货品，或者由所述目标货品的当前所有方出示。
可选的，还包括：第三确认单元608，在接收到针对所述支付操作的支付确认信息的情况下，确定所述支付方已完成所述支付操作；其中，所述支付确认信息的发送方包括下述至少之一：所述支付方、所述目标货品的当前所有方、所述支付平台、所述区块链系统。
可选的，所述区块链系统中存储有用于表明所述目标货品的所有方的物权世界状态，所述智能合约通过更新所述物权世界状态的方式，将所述目标货品的所有方变更为所述支付方。
可选的，还包括：接收单元609，接收所述区块链系统在将所述目标货品的所有方变更为所述支付方后返回的物权码，并将接收到的物权码发送给所述支付方使用的客户端；其中，所述物权码可用于查询所述目标货品的非公开信息。
请参考图7，在软件实施方式中，该物权交互装置可以包括：生成单元701，响应于接收到的针对目标货品发起的物权变更请求，基于所述物权变更请求中包含的货品标识，以及请求获取所述目标货品所有权的支付方的身份信息，生成物权变更交易；发送单元702，向区块链系统发送所述物权变更交易，以由所述区块链系统根据所述货品标识和所述身份信息，执行针对所述目标货品的链上资产转移操作，并在完成所述链上资产转移操作的情况下，将所述目标货品的所有方变更为所述支付方。
上述实施例阐明的系统、装置、模块或单元，具体可以由计算机芯片或实体实现，或者由具有某种功能的产品来实现。一种典型的实现设备为计算机，计算机的具体形式可以是个人计算机、膝上型计算机、蜂窝电话、相机电话、智能电话、个人数字助理、媒体播放器、导航设备、电子邮件收发设备、游戏控制台、平板计算机、可穿戴设备或者这些设备中的任意几种设备的组合。
在一个典型的配置中，计算机包括一个或多个处理器(CPU)、输入/输出接口、网络接口和内存。
内存可能包括计算机可读介质中的非永久性存储器，随机存取存储器(RAM)和/或非易失性内存等形式，如只读存储器(ROM)或闪存(flash RAM)。内存是计算机可读介质的示例。
计算机可读介质包括永久性和非永久性、可移动和非可移动媒体可以由任何方法或技术来实现信息存储。信息可以是计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序的模块或其他数据。计算机的存储介质的例子包括，但不限于相变内存(PRAM)、静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)、其他类型的随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、快闪记忆体或其他内存技术、只读光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、数字多功能光盘(DVD)或其他光学存储、磁盒式磁带、磁盘存储、量子存储器、基于石墨烯的存储介质或其他磁性存储设备或任何其他非传输介质，可用于存储可以被计算设备访问的信息。按照本文中的界定，计算机可读介质不包括暂存电脑可读媒体(transitory media)，如调制的数据信号和载波。
还需要说明的是，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、商品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
上述对本说明书特定实施例进行了描述。其它实施例在所附权利要求书的范围内。在一些情况下，在权利要求书中记载的动作或步骤可以按照不同于实施例中的顺序来执行并且仍然可以实现期望的结果。另外，在附图中描绘的过程不一定要求示出的特定顺序或者连续顺序才能实现期望的结果。在某些实施方式中，多任务处理和并行处理也是可以的或者可能是有利的。
在本说明书一个或多个实施例使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本说明书一个或多个实施例。在本说明书一个或多个实施例和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“所述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。还应当理解，本文中使用的术语“和/或”是指并包含一个或多个相关联 的列出项目的任何或所有可能组合。
应当理解，尽管在本说明书一个或多个实施例可能采用术语第一、第二、第三等来描述各种信息，但这些信息不应限于这些术语。这些术语仅用来将同一类型的信息彼此区分开。例如，在不脱离本说明书一个或多个实施例范围的情况下，第一信息也可以被称为第二信息，类似地，第二信息也可以被称为第一信息。取决于语境，如在此所使用的词语“如果”可以被解释成为“在……时”或“当……时”或“响应于确定”。
以上所述仅为本说明书一个或多个实施例的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本说明书一个或多个实施例，凡在本说明书一个或多个实施例的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本说明书一个或多个实施例保护的范围之内。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种物权交互方法，应用于物权交互平台，包括：
    在确定支付方已完成针对目标货品的支付操作的情况下，生成针对所述目标货品的物权变更交易；
    将所述物权变更交易发送至区块链系统，以由所述区块链系统调用用于变更物权所有方的智能合约，将所述目标货品的所有方变更为所述支付方。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，
    所述支付操作为所述物权交互平台对应的支付平台完成的链下资产转移操作；或者，
    所述支付操作为在所述区块链系统中进行的链上资产转移操作。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，还包括：
    响应于接收到的针对所述目标货品发起的物权变更请求，向所述支付平台发送针对所述目标货品的支付请求，以通过所述支付平台完成所述支付操作；或者，
    响应于接收到的针对所述目标货品发起的物权变更请求，向区块链系统发送针对所述目标货品的支付交易，以通过所述区块链系统完成所述支付操作。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，还包括：
    确定所述目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息；
    将所述身份信息添加至所述支付请求或所述支付交易，以使得所述支付平台或所述区块链系统根据所述身份信息，将所述支付方的账户中用于完成所述支付操作的资产转移至与所述当前所有方的账户中。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，确定所述目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息，包括：
    从所述物权变更请求中提取当前所有方的身份信息。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，还包括：
    生成针对所述身份信息的认证交易；
    将所述认证交易发送至所述区块链系统，以由所述区块链系统根据存储的用于指示所述目标货品的当前所有方的物权世界状态，对所述身份信息进行认证，并将得到的认证结果返回；
    其中，所述支付请求或所述支付交易在所述区块链系统返回的认证结果表明所述身份信息与所述当前所有方相符的情况下生成。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，确定所述目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息，包括：
    生成针对所述目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息获取交易；
    将所述身份信息获取交易发送至所述区块链系统，以由所述区块链系统根据所述身 份信息获取交易中包含的货品标识，确定出所述目标货品的当前所有方的身份信息；
    接收区块链系统返回的身份信息。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，还包括：
    确定所述目标货品的价格信息；
    将所述价格信息添加至所述支付请求或所述支付交易，以使得所述支付平台或所述区块链系统根据所述价格信息，确定完成所述支付操作所需消耗的资产数额。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，确定所述目标货品的价格信息，包括：
    从所述物权变更请求中提取所述目标货品的价格信息。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，还包括：
    生成针对所述价格信息的检验交易；
    将所述检验交易发送至所述区块链系统，以由所述区块链系统根据存储的用于指示所述目标货品的当前市场价格的价格世界状态，对所述价格信息进行检验，并将检验结果返回；
    其中，所述支付请求或所述支付交易在所述区块链系统返回的检验结果表明所述价格信息与所述当前市场价格相匹配的情况下生成。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，确定所述目标货品的价格信息，包括：
    根据所述物权变更请求中包含的所述目标货品的货品标识，从本地存储的货品价格表中，查询得到所述目标货品的价格信息。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，确定所述目标货品的价格信息，包括：
    生成针对所述目标货品的价格信息获取交易；
    将所述价格信息获取交易发送至所述区块链系统，以由所述区块链系统根据所述价格信息获取交易中包含的货品标识，获取所述目标货品的价格信息；
    接收所述区块链系统返回的价格信息。
  13. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，
    所述物权变更请求由客户端通过扫描与所述目标货品对应的图形码发起；
    其中，所述图形码附带于所述目标货品，或者由所述目标货品的当前所有方出示。
  14. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，还包括：
    在接收到针对所述支付操作的支付确认信息的情况下，确定所述支付方已完成所述支付操作；
    其中，所述支付确认信息的发送方包括下述至少之一：所述支付方、所述目标货品的当前所有方、所述支付平台、所述区块链系统。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，
    所述区块链系统中存储有用于表明所述目标货品的所有方的物权世界状态，所述智 能合约通过更新所述物权世界状态的方式，将所述目标货品的所有方变更为所述支付方。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
    接收所述区块链系统在将所述目标货品的所有方变更为所述支付方后返回的物权码，并将接收到的物权码发送给所述支付方使用的客户端；
    其中，所述物权码可用于查询所述目标货品的非公开信息。
  17. 一种物权交互方法，应用于物权交互平台，包括：
    响应于接收到的针对目标货品发起的物权变更请求，基于所述物权变更请求中包含的货品标识，以及请求获取所述目标货品所有权的支付方的身份信息，生成物权变更交易；
    向区块链系统发送所述物权变更交易，以由所述区块链系统根据所述货品标识和所述身份信息，执行针对所述目标货品的链上资产转移操作，并在完成所述链上资产转移操作的情况下，将所述目标货品的所有方变更为所述支付方。
  18. 一种物权交互装置，应用于物权交互平台，包括：
    生成单元，在确定支付方已完成针对目标货品的支付操作的情况下，生成针对所述目标货品的物权变更交易；
    发送单元，将所述物权变更交易发送至区块链系统，以由所述区块链系统调用用于变更物权所有方的智能合约，将所述目标货品的所有方变更为所述支付方。
  19. 一种物权交互装置，应用于物权交互平台，包括：
    生成单元，响应于接收到的针对目标货品发起的物权变更请求，基于所述物权变更请求中包含的货品标识，以及请求获取所述目标货品所有权的支付方的身份信息，生成物权变更交易；
    发送单元，向区块链系统发送所述物权变更交易，以由所述区块链系统根据所述货品标识和所述身份信息，执行针对所述目标货品的链上资产转移操作，并在完成所述链上资产转移操作的情况下，将所述目标货品的所有方变更为所述支付方。
  20. 一种电子设备，包括：
    处理器；
    用于存储处理器可执行指令的存储器；
    其中，所述处理器通过运行所述可执行指令以实现如权利要求1-17中任一项所述的方法。
  21. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机指令，该指令被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1-17中任一项所述方法的步骤。
PCT/CN2022/076607 2021-03-01 2022-02-17 基于区块链的物权交互 WO2022183913A1 (zh)

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