WO2022183548A1 - 一种铜铝异种金属的激光焊接方法 - Google Patents

一种铜铝异种金属的激光焊接方法 Download PDF

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WO2022183548A1
WO2022183548A1 PCT/CN2021/083115 CN2021083115W WO2022183548A1 WO 2022183548 A1 WO2022183548 A1 WO 2022183548A1 CN 2021083115 W CN2021083115 W CN 2021083115W WO 2022183548 A1 WO2022183548 A1 WO 2022183548A1
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copper
aluminum metal
metal parts
aluminum
welding
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PCT/CN2021/083115
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄江
师文庆
李思东
王文华
安芬菊
谢玉萍
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广东海洋大学
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Publication of WO2022183548A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022183548A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20Bonding
    • B23K26/21Bonding by welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/60Preliminary treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702Auxiliary equipment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10Aluminium or alloys thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/12Copper or alloys thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18Dissimilar materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a laser welding method for copper and aluminum dissimilar metals.
  • Copper and aluminum metals are widely used in electronics and electric power. Among them, replacing copper with aluminum can effectively reduce costs and reduce the weight of devices. However, the physical and chemical properties of copper and aluminum are quite different, resulting in unstable welding between copper and aluminum dissimilar metals.
  • the present invention provides a laser welding method for copper-aluminum dissimilar metals, so as to solve the problems of poor stability and poor quality of copper-aluminum metal welding points with a plate thickness of less than 2 mm.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a laser welding method for copper and aluminum dissimilar metals comprising the following steps:
  • step a the type of coarse sandpaper is 500-600#, and the type of fine sandpaper is 2000-2500#.
  • step b sonicate for 10-15min.
  • step c the pressure is sensed and measured by a pressure sensor, and the pressure value is 20-50N; the gas is argon, and the flow rate is 10L/min.
  • the process parameters of laser welding are: laser power 1000-1500W, welding speed 4-5mm/s.
  • the copper metal parts are T2 pure copper
  • the aluminum metal parts are 1060 industrial pure aluminum.
  • the thickness of the copper metal part is 1-2 mm, and the thickness of the aluminum metal part is 1-2 mm.
  • step c pressure is applied to fix the two oppositely arranged clamping hydraulic cylinders, the two clamping hydraulic cylinders are arranged coaxially, and their telescopic ends are opposite to each other; the telescopic end face of one clamping hydraulic cylinder is useful for installation Pressure sensor for pressure value measurement.
  • the two clamping hydraulic cylinders can be extended at the same time to clamp the copper and aluminum metal parts, and retracted at the same time to release the clamping force of the copper and aluminum metal parts.
  • the pressure sensor detects that the pressure reaches the set point When the value is within the range, such as 50N, the driving of the clamping hydraulic cylinder can be stopped.
  • step c two pressing hydraulic cylinders located above the copper and aluminum metal parts are also included; when the two clamping hydraulic cylinders push the copper and aluminum metal parts to meet the end faces, the two pressing hydraulic cylinders Press down the upper surface of the copper and aluminum metal parts; the telescopic end face of the pressing hydraulic cylinder is fixed with high temperature resistant rubber.
  • the setting of the pressing hydraulic cylinder can cooperate with the clamping hydraulic cylinder to fix the copper and aluminum metal parts, so as to prevent the butt ends of the copper and aluminum metal parts from warping during the clamping action of the clamping hydraulic cylinder.
  • step d when the two clamping hydraulic cylinders are released from the fixing, the two clamping hydraulic cylinders press the copper and aluminum metal parts to stretch the copper and aluminum metal parts, and stretch the copper and aluminum metal parts outward. Aluminum metal parts, and then release the compression of copper and aluminum metal parts. Through the reverse movement of the two pressing hydraulic cylinders, the welded copper and aluminum metal parts are mechanically stretched, that is, the movement in the horizontal direction can also be driven by the hydraulic cylinders.
  • the telescopic end face of the pressing hydraulic cylinder is fixed with high temperature resistant rubber, and the setting of the pressing force is suitable to realize frictional sliding between the high temperature resistant rubber and the copper and aluminum metal parts, that is, the two pressing hydraulic cylinders press
  • the high temperature resistant rubber produces frictional movement on the upper surface of the copper and aluminum metal parts, so that the stretching force will not be too large, and only the residual stress during the processing can be released.
  • the high temperature resistant rubber used in the present invention is fluorine rubber or silicone rubber.
  • the copper and aluminum metal parts are dry-polished with coarse sandpaper, and the metal surface is polished to fine lines while removing the rust and other pollutants on the metal surface, thereby increasing the friction between copper and aluminum, so that the metal molecular layer can be obtained. More energy; after wet grinding with fine sandpaper, the texture of the welding end surface is finer, and the fusion effect between copper and aluminum metals is improved. Since other components such as welding wire are not used, the incorporation of impurities is reduced, and various welding defects such as excess height and pits at the end face connecting ends are avoided, resulting in serious stress concentration and certain welding residual stress.
  • the copper and aluminum are closely combined by grinding lines to reduce the copper-aluminum connection gap, thereby improving the stability of the connection. Then, by applying a certain pressure, the two metal parts are fixed, and laser welding is performed under the protection of argon gas.
  • the copper atoms and aluminum atoms combined with the grinding pattern penetrate or combine with each other to form a copper-aluminum mixture layer, which significantly improves the mechanical and electrical properties of the copper-aluminum composite substrate;
  • the two welded parts are stretched outward, and the residual stress after welding is released by mechanical stretching, which further improves the quality of the weld, makes the mechanical strength of the weld higher, and the stability is better. Stable high-strength welding of aluminium dissimilar materials.
  • the invention combines pressure application and pressure release in the same device, and through unified control, defects such as excessive pressure or excessive tensile strength will not occur during operation, and only residual stress can be eliminated, thereby improving the strength of the weld.
  • the laser welding method of the invention is simple and easy to operate and has low cost.
  • the welding base material is T2 pure copper, the machining specification is 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1.5mm, and the machining specification of 1060 pure aluminum plate is 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1mm;
  • the welding seam of the welded metal connector is well formed, with no defects such as pores and cracks, and no dislocation between the two metal parts.
  • the tensile strength of the welded joint can reach more than 99% of the mechanical properties of the base metal.
  • the welding base material is T2 pure copper, the machining specification is 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1mm, and the machining specification of 1060 pure aluminum plate is 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1mm;
  • the welding seam of the welded metal connector is well formed, with no defects such as pores and cracks, and no dislocation between the two metal parts.
  • the tensile strength of the welded joint can reach more than 96% of the mechanical properties of the base metal.
  • the welding base material is T2 pure copper, the machining specification is 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 2mm, and the machining specification of 1060 pure aluminum plate is 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1mm;
  • the welding seam of the welded metal connector is well formed, with no defects such as pores and cracks, and no dislocation between the two metal parts.
  • the tensile strength of the welded joint can reach more than 98% of the mechanical properties of the base metal.
  • the welding base material is T2 pure copper, the machining specification is 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1.2mm, and the machining specification of 1060 pure aluminum plate is 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1mm;
  • the welding seam of the metal connector welded in this implementation is well formed, without defects such as pores and cracks, and there is no dislocation between the two metal parts.
  • the tensile strength of the weld can reach more than 97% of the mechanical properties of the base metal.
  • the results show that the copper-aluminum metal parts have high end surface roughness, large lines, voids during welding, and pores in the welds.
  • the tensile strength of the welds can reach 63% of the mechanical properties of the base metal.
  • Example 2 Same as Example 1, the difference is that no ultrasonic treatment is performed.
  • Example 1 Same as Example 1, the difference is that no stretching is performed after the welding machine, that is, no stress relief is performed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

一种铜铝异种金属的激光焊接方法,包括以下步骤:选择粗砂纸对铜、铝金属件端面进行干打磨,然后用细砂纸进行湿打磨;对打磨后的铜、铝金属件端面进行超声除污处理;将处理后的铜金属端面与铝金属端面对接,施加压力固定,在气体保护下进行激光焊接;焊接结束后,在解除压力固定的同时,向外拉伸铜、铝金属件,释放出焊接件的残余应力。使用该激光焊接方法,焊缝的力学强度更高,稳定性更好,实现铜铝异种材料的稳定高强度焊接。

Description

一种铜铝异种金属的激光焊接方法 技术领域
本发明涉及激光焊接技术领域,具体涉及一种铜铝异种金属的激光焊接方法。
背景技术
铜、铝金属在电子及电力电气等方面应用广泛,其中,铝代替铜可以有效地降低成本、减轻器件重量。然而,铜和铝在物理与化学性能上存在较大差异,导致铜与铝异种金属之间的焊接不稳定,两种金属焊接处脆化且极易产生裂纹,强度极低。
目前,研究人员通过不同的焊接方式来解决焊接点问题,其中效果最好的是采用激光焊接的方式将铜铝异种金属进行焊接,然而,对焊件装配间隙要求很高的焊件进行焊接时,为保证焊接质量,一般会选择加激光焊丝。尽管加入激光焊丝后解决了焊件间隙问题,但是在焊丝选择时,选择跟母材一样的金属条当激光焊丝用,金属熔融后的金相组织就会跟母材不一致,影响焊接品质;选择不锈钢金属丝,或者接近不锈钢的材料当激光焊丝用,因为不锈钢的含碳量少,硬度低,焊接后的焊接位容易磨损,导致其并不能保证焊接后的硬度。并且,由于焊丝的加入,导致铜与铝金属间连接处不稳定,最终焊接成的器件焊缝处质量依然弱于母材。
因此,如何在不使用焊丝的情况下提高铜铝异种金属焊接质量是本领域技术人员亟需解决的一个技术难题。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种铜铝异种金属的激光焊接方法,以解决板厚在2mm以下的铜铝金属焊接点稳定性差、质量差的问题。
为实现上述技术目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
一种铜铝异种金属的激光焊接方法,包括以下步骤:
a、选择粗砂纸对铜、铝金属件端面进行干打磨,然后用细砂纸进行湿打磨;
b、对打磨后的铜、铝金属件端面进行超声除污处理;
c、将处理后的铜金属端面与铝金属端面对接,施加压力固定,在气体保护下进行激光焊接;
d、焊接结束后,在解除压力固定的同时,向外拉伸铜、铝金属件,通过机械拉伸进行焊接后的应力释放。
作为进一步优化,步骤a中,粗砂纸型号为500-600#,细砂纸型号为2000-2500#。
作为进一步优化,步骤b中,超声10-15min。
作为进一步优化,步骤c中,压力通过压力传感器感应测量,压力值为20-50N;所述气体为氩气,流速为10L/min。
作为进一步优化,步骤c中,激光焊接的工艺参数为:激光功率1000-1500W,焊接速度4-5mm/s。
作为进一步优化,所述铜金属件为T2纯铜,所述铝金属件为1060工业纯铝。
作为进一步优化,所述铜金属件厚度为1-2mm,所述铝金属件厚度为1-2mm。
作为进一步优化,步骤c中,通过两个相对布置的夹紧液压缸施加压力固定,两个夹紧液压缸同轴布置,且其伸缩端头相对;其中一个夹紧液压缸的伸缩端面安装有用于压力值测量的压力传感器。两个夹紧液压缸同时伸长即可对铜、铝金属件进行夹紧,同时收回即可对铜、铝金属件解除夹紧力,在夹紧时,当压力传感器检测到压力达到设定的范围值时,如50N,即可停止对夹紧液压缸的驱动。
作为进一步优化,步骤c中,还包括两个分别位于铜、铝金属件上方的压紧液压缸;在两个夹紧液压缸推动铜、铝金属件端面对接的同时,两个压紧液压缸向下压紧铜、铝金属件的上表面;压紧液压缸的伸缩端面固定有耐高温橡胶。设置压紧液压缸能够配合夹紧液压缸对铜、铝金属件进行固定,防止在夹紧液压缸夹紧作用时铜、铝金属件的对接端面上翘。
作为进一步优化,步骤d中,在两个夹紧液压缸解除固定的同时,两个压紧液压缸压紧铜、铝金属件做拉伸铜、铝金属件的运动,向外拉伸铜、铝金属件,然后解除对铜、铝金属件的压紧。通过两个压紧液压缸的反向运动带动焊接后的铜、铝金属件进行机械拉伸,即水平方向的运动也可以通过液压缸驱动。由于压紧液压缸的伸缩端面固定有耐高温橡胶,且压紧力的设定以能够实现耐高温橡胶与铜、铝金属件之间的摩擦滑动为宜,即两个压紧液压缸压紧铜、铝金属件向相反的方向运动时,耐高温橡胶在铜、铝金属件的上表面产生摩擦移动,使得拉伸的力度不至于过大,仅释放加工过程中的残余应力即可。
本发明采用的耐高温橡胶为氟橡胶或硅橡胶。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明将铜、铝金属件经过粗砂纸干打磨,在去掉了金属表面的锈蚀等污染物的同时,将金属表面打磨出细纹路,增大了铜铝之间的摩擦,使金属分子层得到更多能量;再经过细砂纸的湿打磨,使焊接端面纹路更精细,提高铜铝金属间融合效果。由于未使用焊丝等其他成分,降低了杂质的掺入,同时也避免了端面连接端留有余高、凹坑等各种焊接缺陷,造成严重的应力集中,产生一定焊接残余应力。本发明中铜铝间通过打磨纹路紧密结合,减小铜铝连接缝隙,从而提高连接处的稳定性,再通过施加一定的压力,将两金属件固定,在氩气保护下进行激光焊接,通过打磨纹相结合的铜原子和铝原子在热量和压力的作用下,相互渗透或相互结合形成铜铝混合物层,使铜铝复合基材的机械性能和电学性能显著提高;焊接结束后再解除端头施加的压力的同时,向外拉伸两块焊接件,通过机械拉伸进行焊接后的残余应力释放,进一步提高焊缝质量,使焊缝的力学强度更高,稳定性更好,实现铜铝异种材料的稳定高强度焊接。
本发明将施压与释压结合在同一装置,通过统一控制,使操作过程中不会出现压力过大或拉伸强度过强等缺陷,仅消除残余应力即可,从而提高焊缝强度。
本发明的激光焊接方法简单易操作,成本低。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入,用以公开和描述与所述文献相关 的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时,以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见的。本申请说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
实施例1
1)焊接母材选用T2纯铜,机械加工规格为10×5×1.5mm,1060纯铝板机械加工规格为10×5×1mm;
2)选择600#粗砂纸对铜、铝金属件端面进行干打磨,然后用2500#细砂纸进行湿打磨;
3)对打磨后的铜、铝金属件端面进行12min超声除污处理;
4)将处理后的铜金属端面与铝金属端面对接,控制施加压力装置压力为30N将金属件固定,在氩气气氛下进行激光焊接,氩气流速为10L/min,其中激光功率1200W,焊接速度5mm/s。
5)焊接结束后,在解除金属件施加的压力的同时,通过压力调节板向外拉伸铜、铝金属件,释放焊接后的应力。
本实施焊接的金属连接件焊缝成型良好,无气孔、裂纹等缺陷,两金属件间无错位等现象,焊接处的抗拉强度可达到母材力学性能的99%以上。
实施例2
1)焊接母材选用T2纯铜,机械加工规格为10×5×1mm,1060纯铝板机械加工规格为10×5×1mm;
2)选择500#粗砂纸对铜、铝金属件端面进行干打磨,然后用2000#细砂纸进行湿打磨;
3)对打磨后的铜、铝金属件端面进行10min超声除污处理;
4)将处理后的铜金属端面与铝金属端面对接,控制施加压力装置压力为20N将金属件固定,在氩气气氛下进行激光焊接,氩气流速为10L/min,其中激光功率1000W,焊接速度4mm/s。
5)焊接结束后,在解除金属件施加的压力的同时,通过压力调节板向外拉伸铜、铝金属件,释放焊接后的应力。
本实施焊接的金属连接件焊缝成型良好,无气孔、裂纹等缺陷,两金属件间无错位等现象,焊接处的抗拉强度可达到母材力学性能的96%以上。
实施例3
1)焊接母材选用T2纯铜,机械加工规格为10×5×2mm,1060纯铝板机械加工规格为10×5×1mm;
2)选择700#粗砂纸对铜、铝金属件端面进行干打磨,然后用2500#细砂纸进行湿打磨;
3)对打磨后的铜、铝金属件端面进行15min超声除污处理;
4)将处理后的铜金属端面与铝金属端面对接,控制施加压力装置压力为50N将金属件固定,在氩气气氛下进行激光焊接,氩气流速为10L/min,其中激光功率1500W,焊接速度5mm/s。
5)焊接结束后,在解除金属件施加的压力的同时,通过压力调节板向外拉伸铜、铝金属件,释放焊接后的应力。
本实施焊接的金属连接件焊缝成型良好,无气孔、裂纹等缺陷,两金属件间无错位等现象,焊接处的抗拉强度可达到母材力学性能的98%以上。
实施例4
1)焊接母材选用T2纯铜,机械加工规格为10×5×1.2mm,1060纯铝板机械加工规格为10×5×1mm;
2)选择500#粗砂纸对铜、铝金属件端面进行干打磨,然后用2500#细砂纸进行湿打磨;
3)对打磨后的铜、铝金属件端面进行15min超声除污处理;
4)将处理后的铜金属端面与铝金属端面对接,控制施加压力装置压力为40N将金属件固定,在氩气气氛下进行激光焊接,氩气流速为10L/min,其中激光功率1500W,焊接速度5mm/s。
5)焊接结束后,在解除金属件施加的压力的同时,通过压力调节板向外拉伸铜、铝金属件,释放焊接后的应力。
本实施焊接的金属连接件焊缝成型良好,无气孔、裂纹等缺陷,两金属件间 无错位等现象,焊接处的抗拉强度可达到母材力学性能的97%以上。
对比例1
同实施例1,区别在于,不进行粗打磨。
结果发现:铜铝金属连接端面打磨光亮,无可见纹路,导致焊接过程中两金属不稳定,出现错位现象,焊接成的焊接件焊缝差,焊接处的抗拉强度可达到母材力学性能的77%。
对比例2
同实施例1,区别在于,不进行细打磨。
结果发现:铜铝金属件端面粗糙度较高,纹路较大,焊接时有空隙,焊缝出现气孔,焊接处的抗拉强度可达到母材力学性能的63%。
对比例3
同实施例1,区别在于,不进行打磨。
结果发现:铜铝金属件焊缝大,出现裂纹,焊接处的抗拉强度可达到母材力学性能的40%。
对比例4
同实施例1,区别在于,不进行超声处理。
结果发现:焊接处的脆性增大,短暂使用后即出现裂纹,焊接处的抗拉强度可达到母材力学性能的70%。
对比例5
同实施例1,区别在于,焊机后不进行拉伸,即不进行应力释放。
结果发现:焊接处的脆性大,解除固定后焊缝出现裂纹,焊接处的抗拉强度可达到母材力学性能的51%。
对比例6
同实施例1,区别在于,加入焊丝。
结果发现:焊缝处出现孔隙、余高,焊接处的抗拉强度可达到母材力学性能的81%。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种铜铝异种金属的激光焊接方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    a、选择粗砂纸对铜、铝金属件端面进行干打磨,然后用细砂纸进行湿打磨;
    b、对打磨后的铜、铝金属件端面进行超声除污处理;
    c、将处理后的铜金属端面与铝金属端面对接,施加压力固定,在气体保护下进行激光焊接;
    d、焊接结束后,在解除压力固定的同时,向外拉伸铜、铝金属件。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤a中,粗砂纸型号为500-600#,细砂纸型号为2000-2500#。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤b中,超声10-15min。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤c中,压力通过压力传感器感应测量,压力值为20-50N;所述气体为氩气,流速为10L/min。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤c中,激光焊接的工艺参数为:激光功率1000-1500W,焊接速度4-5mm/s。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤c中,通过两个相对布置的夹紧液压缸施加压力固定,两个夹紧液压缸同轴布置,且其伸缩端头相对;其中一个夹紧液压缸的伸缩端面安装有用于压力值测量的压力传感器。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤c中,还包括两个分别位于铜、铝金属件上方的压紧液压缸;在两个夹紧液压缸推动铜、铝金属件端面对接的同时,两个压紧液压缸向下压紧铜、铝金属件的上表面;压紧液压缸的伸缩端面固定有耐高温橡胶。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤d中,在两个夹紧液压缸解除固定的同时,两个压紧液压缸压紧铜、铝金属件做拉伸铜、铝金属件的运动,向外拉伸铜、铝金属件,然后解除对铜、铝金属件的压紧。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述铜金属件为T2纯铜,所述铝金属件为1060工业纯铝。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述铜金属件厚度为1-2mm,所述铝金属件厚度为1-2mm。
PCT/CN2021/083115 2021-03-02 2021-03-26 一种铜铝异种金属的激光焊接方法 WO2022183548A1 (zh)

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