WO2022179407A1 - 一种数据编码方法、数据译码方法及相关设备 - Google Patents

一种数据编码方法、数据译码方法及相关设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022179407A1
WO2022179407A1 PCT/CN2022/076156 CN2022076156W WO2022179407A1 WO 2022179407 A1 WO2022179407 A1 WO 2022179407A1 CN 2022076156 W CN2022076156 W CN 2022076156W WO 2022179407 A1 WO2022179407 A1 WO 2022179407A1
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symbols
data
overhead
data symbols
end device
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PCT/CN2022/076156
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English (en)
French (fr)
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赵一甲
李沫
肖治宇
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to EP22758772.2A priority Critical patent/EP4266608A4/en
Publication of WO2022179407A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022179407A1/zh
Priority to US18/452,555 priority patent/US20230403098A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0287—Protection in WDM systems
    • H04J14/0293—Optical channel protection
    • H04J14/0294—Dedicated protection at the optical channel (1+1)
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0067—Rate matching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
    • H04J14/0254—Optical medium access
    • H04J14/0272—Transmission of OAMP information
    • H04J14/0273—Transmission of OAMP information using optical overhead, e.g. overhead processing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0041—Arrangements at the transmitter end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0057—Block codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0064—Concatenated codes
    • H04L1/0066—Parallel concatenated codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L2001/0092—Error control systems characterised by the topology of the transmission link
    • H04L2001/0096—Channel splitting in point-to-point links

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a data encoding method, a data decoding method, and related equipment.
  • Optical fiber transmission network is the foundation of modern communication network.
  • the reliable transmission of ultra-large-capacity data carried on the optical network is the basic guarantee for the reliability of the entire communication network.
  • the sending module, receiving module and channel in the optical fiber transmission system contain many components. The unexpected failure of any component may cause the entire transmission link to fail to work normally, resulting in the interruption of the services carried on the link.
  • the automatic protection switching scheme is mainly used in the optical network transmission system, that is, a protection link is configured for each optical fiber link.
  • a protection link is configured for each optical fiber link.
  • one end detects the failure and immediately performs switching, that is, switches the working link to the protection link, and notifies the opposite end to perform the switching.
  • the opposite end receives the switching request, it immediately performs the switching, thereby ensuring the smoothness of the link during the communication process.
  • it is necessary to send a switching request command end-to-end and perform hardware switching.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a data encoding method, a data decoding method, and related equipment, which are convenient for recovering faulty data in real time, so as to avoid data loss due to a long fault recovery time.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a data encoding method.
  • the method includes multiple steps.
  • the transmitting end device determines N data symbols from the same symbol position of the N channels of service data, wherein the N data symbols include one data symbol in each channel of service data in the N channels of service data, and N is an integer greater than 1.
  • Each of the N data symbols includes at least one bit, and each data symbol includes the same number of bits.
  • the transmitting end device performs forward error correction (Forward Error Correction, FEC) encoding on the N data symbols to obtain a codeword, where the codeword includes N data symbols and M overhead symbols, where M is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or an integer equal to N, the number of bits in each data symbol is the same as the number of bits in each overhead symbol, and the M overhead symbols are used to perform data recovery on a data symbol with a transmission failure among the N data symbols. Furthermore, the transmitting end device sends N data symbols respectively through N service channels, and respectively sends M overhead symbols through M overhead channels.
  • FEC Forward Error Correction
  • the transmitting end device determines N data symbols from N channels of service data at the same symbol position, and performs FEC encoding on the N data symbols to obtain a codeword, which includes the original N data symbols and FEC. Encode the generated M overhead symbols.
  • the M overhead symbols are used for data recovery of the data symbols with transmission failures among the N data symbols, so as to facilitate the recovery of the faulty data in real time and avoid data loss due to a long failure recovery time.
  • the method before determining the N data symbols, the method further includes: the transmitting end device performs rate adaptation on the N lines of service data, so that the transmission rates of the N lines of service data are the same.
  • the method further includes: the sending end device generates and matches the N data symbols The one-to-one correspondence to the N synchronization symbols and the one-to-one correspondence to the M synchronization symbols to the M overhead symbols.
  • the sending end device can insert synchronization symbols into each channel of service data and each channel of overhead data.
  • the transmitting end device sends N synchronization symbols respectively through N service channels, and sends M synchronization symbols through M overhead channels respectively, so that the receiving end device can synchronize symbols transmitted in multiple channels.
  • the value of M depends on the number of data symbols that need to be recovered. That is to say, the value of M can be determined according to actual requirements, which improves the practicability of this solution. For example, if more data symbols are considered to be protected, the value of M can be set larger. For another example, if considering saving resources consumed by FEC encoding, the value of M can be set to be smaller. Furthermore, the transmitting end device selects a specific FEC encoding manner based on the value of M to obtain different codewords.
  • the transmitting end device performs FEC encoding on the N data symbols to obtain the codewords comprising: the transmitting end device performs FEC encoding on the N data symbols using a Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) code to obtain the codewords. codeword, which enhances the realizability of the scheme.
  • MDS Maximum Distance Separable
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a data encoding method.
  • the method includes multiple steps.
  • the receiving end device receives N data symbols through N service channels, and M overhead symbols through M overhead channels, where N is an integer greater than 1, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N , each data symbol includes at least one bit, and the number of bits in each data symbol is the same as the number of bits in each overhead symbol.
  • the receiving end device performs FEC decoding according to the N data symbols and the M overhead symbols to obtain N data symbols after FEC decoding, wherein the N data symbols include the N channels of service data in the same symbol position for each channel of service data.
  • One data symbol above the M overhead symbols are used to perform data recovery on a data symbol with a transmission failure among the N data symbols.
  • the receiving end device can perform FEC decoding according to the received N data symbols and M overhead symbols, so as to perform data recovery on the data symbols with transmission failures among the N data symbols, which is convenient for real-time fault detection. Data is recovered to avoid data loss due to long failure recovery time.
  • the method before the receiving end device performs FEC decoding according to the N data symbols and the M overhead symbols to obtain the N data symbols after FEC decoding, the method further includes: the receiving end device calculates the sum of the N data symbols and Syndrome of M overhead symbols.
  • the receiving end device performs FEC decoding according to the N data symbols and the M overhead symbols to obtain the N data symbols after FEC decoding: the receiving end device performs FEC decoding according to the syndrome, the N data symbols and the M overhead symbols to obtain N data symbols after FEC decoding.
  • the present application provides an FEC decoding method in which the receiving end device cannot determine the faulty channel, that is, the receiving end device directly performs the received N data symbols and M overhead symbols according to the calculated syndrome. Error correction decoding obtains N data symbols after FEC decoding, which improves the practicability of this scheme.
  • the method before the receiving end device performs forward error correction FEC decoding according to the N data symbols and the M overhead symbols to obtain the N data symbols after FEC decoding, the method further includes: the receiving end device determines N There is no data symbol in which transmission failure occurs among the data symbols, and it is determined that there is no overhead symbol in which transmission failure occurs among the M overhead symbols.
  • the receiving end device performs FEC decoding according to the N data symbols and the M overhead symbols to obtain N data symbols after FEC decoding, including: the receiving end device performs FEC decoding according to the N data symbols and M overhead symbols for which no transmission failure occurs. Perform FEC decoding on the overhead symbols that do not have a transmission failure in the FEC to obtain N data symbols after FEC decoding.
  • the present application provides an FEC decoding method in which the receiving end device can determine the faulty channel, that is, the receiving end device performs erasure decoding according to the data symbols without transmission failures and the overhead symbols without transmission failures N data symbols after FEC decoding are obtained, which improves the scalability of the scheme.
  • the receiving end device determines that no data symbols in the N data symbols have transmission failures, and determines that there are no overhead symbols in the M overhead symbols that do not have transmission failures, including: The synchronization detection is performed to determine the data symbols without transmission failure, and the overhead symbols without transmission failure are determined by performing synchronization detection on the M overhead symbols.
  • the synchronization detection is performed to determine the data symbols without transmission failure, and the overhead symbols without transmission failure are determined by performing synchronization detection on the M overhead symbols.
  • the faulty channel can be determined by means of synchronous detection, which enhances the practicability of the present solution.
  • the receiving end device determining the data symbols without transmission failures among the N data symbols, and determining the overhead symbols without transmission failures among the M overhead symbols includes: acquiring the channel failure detection information by the receiving end device.
  • the receiving end device determines, according to the channel failure detection information, the data symbols that do not have transmission failures and the overhead symbols that do not have transmission failures. In the above manner, the receiving end device can also directly read the fault detection information to determine the fault channel, which improves the flexibility of the solution.
  • the number of data symbols capable of data recovery is less than or equal to M, that is, since the number of overhead symbols is M, only M data symbols can be protected at most.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an encoder, the encoder includes: an encoding unit configured to determine N data symbols from the same symbol position of N channels of service data, where the N data symbols include N channels of service data One data symbol in each channel of service data, N is an integer greater than 1, each data symbol of the N data symbols includes at least one bit, and each data symbol includes the same number of bits. And it is used to perform forward error correction (FEC) coding on N data symbols to obtain a codeword.
  • FEC forward error correction
  • the codeword includes N data symbols and M overhead symbols, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and in each data symbol The number of bits is the same as the number of bits in each overhead symbol, and the M overhead symbols are used to perform data recovery on a data symbol with a transmission failure among the N data symbols.
  • a sending unit configured to respectively send N data symbols through N service channels, and respectively send M overhead symbols through M overhead channels.
  • the encoding unit is further configured to perform rate adaptation on the N lines of service data, so that the transmission rates of the N lines of service data are the same.
  • the encoding unit is further configured to generate N synchronization symbols one-to-one corresponding to the N data symbols and M synchronization symbols one-to-one corresponding to the M overhead symbols.
  • the sending unit is further configured to send N synchronization symbols through N service channels, and send M synchronization symbols through M overhead channels.
  • the value of M depends on the number of data symbols that need to be recovered.
  • the encoding unit specifically uses the MDS code to perform FEC encoding on the N data symbols to obtain a codeword.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a decoder, the decoder includes: a receiving unit, configured to receive N data symbols through N service channels, and receive M overhead symbols through M overhead channels, N is an integer greater than 1, M is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, each data symbol includes at least one bit, each overhead symbol includes at least one bit, the number of bits in each data symbol and each The number of bits in the overhead symbols is the same.
  • the decoding unit is used to perform forward error correction FEC decoding according to the N data symbols and the M overhead symbols to obtain N data symbols after FEC decoding. For a data symbol at the same symbol position, the M overhead symbols are used to perform data recovery on a data symbol with a transmission failure among the N data symbols.
  • the decoding unit is specifically configured to calculate the syndrome of the N data symbols and the M overhead symbols, and perform FEC decoding according to the syndrome, the N data symbols and the M overhead symbols to obtain FEC decoding N data symbols after.
  • the decoding unit is specifically configured to determine a data symbol that does not have a transmission failure among the N data symbols, and to determine an overhead symbol that does not have a transmission failure among the M overhead symbols, and then according to the N data symbols The data symbols without transmission failure and the overhead symbols without transmission failure among the M overhead symbols are subjected to FEC decoding to obtain N data symbols after FEC decoding.
  • the decoding unit is specifically configured to perform synchronous detection on the N data symbols to determine the data symbols without transmission failures, and perform synchronous detection on the M overhead symbols to determine the data symbols without transmission failures. Overhead notation.
  • the decoding unit is specifically configured to acquire channel failure detection information, and determine, according to the channel failure detection information, data symbols without transmission failure and overhead symbols without transmission failure.
  • the number of data symbols capable of data recovery is less than or equal to M.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an encoding/decoding chip, the chip includes logic circuits and/or program instructions, and when the chip is running, implementations such as the first aspect, the second aspect, or any of the two aspects are implemented method in method.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a transmitting end device, where the transmitting end device includes an encoder and a transmitter as in any implementation manner of the third aspect above, and the encoder and the transmitter are connected to each other through a line.
  • the transmitter is used to modulate the electrical signal output by the encoder into an optical signal, and send the optical signal to the receiving end device.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a receiving end device, where the receiving end device includes a decoder and a receiver as in any implementation manner of the fourth aspect above, and the decoder and the receiver are connected to each other through a line .
  • the receiver is used to demodulate the optical signal from the transmitting end device to obtain the electrical signal, and transmit the electrical signal to the decoder.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, including the sending end device shown in the sixth aspect above and the receiving end device shown in the seventh aspect above.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, wherein, when the computer program is executed by hardware, any one of the first aspect or the second aspect can be implemented some or all of the steps of a method.
  • the transmitting end device may extract a data symbol at the same symbol position of each channel of service data, and perform FEC encoding on the extracted multiple data symbols to obtain a codeword,
  • the codeword includes the original data symbols and overhead symbols generated by FEC encoding.
  • the overhead symbol is used for data recovery of the data symbol with transmission failure, which is convenient for recovering the faulty data in real time, so as to avoid data loss due to a long failure recovery time.
  • 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system applied by the application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a data encoding method in the application
  • Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of dividing the data symbol in each road service data
  • 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of performing rate adaptation for each channel of service data
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of performing FEC encoding on N data symbols in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of inserting synchronization symbols in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a data decoding method in the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a processing flow of a receiving end device in the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the processing flow of the receiving end device in the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible encoder in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible decoder in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible encoder/decoder in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible transmitting end device in the application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible receiving end device in the present application.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a data encoding method, a data decoding method, and related equipment.
  • the receiving end device can perform data recovery on the data symbols that may have transmission failures among the N channels of data symbols according to the M channels overhead symbols.
  • the data recovery time is short, which is convenient for recovering the faulty data in real time, so as to avoid the failure recovery time due to excessive time. long-term data loss.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system applied in this application.
  • the optical transmission system includes a sending end device 1 and a receiving end device 2 .
  • the transmitting end device 1 includes an encoding unit 11 and a transmitting unit 12 .
  • the receiving end device 2 includes a receiving unit 21 and a decoding unit 22.
  • the multiple data channels may refer to multiple physical links, for example, multiple optical fibers and the like.
  • the multiple data channels may also be multiple wavelength signals in an optical fiber, wherein one wavelength signal is one data channel. It should be understood that one data channel does not necessarily correspond to a specific wavelength, and one data channel may also correspond to one wavelength band, which is not specifically limited here.
  • the encoding unit 11 may perform forward error correction (Forward Error Correction, FEC) encoding on the N channels of service data to obtain M channels of overhead data.
  • the sending unit 12 modulates N channels of service data and M channels of overhead data and outputs M+N channels of optical signals.
  • the M+N optical signals are transmitted to the receiving end device 2 through M+N data channels, wherein the N+M data channels include N service channels for transmitting service data and M overhead data for transmitting overhead data aisle.
  • the receiving unit 21 obtains the N channels of service data and M channels of overhead data after performing operations such as demodulation on the M+N channels of optical signals. Because some of the service channels of the N service channels of the optical transmission system may be faulty, a transmission failure of service data may occur. Then, the decoding unit 22 can perform data recovery on the service data that may have a transmission failure among the N channels of service data according to the M channels of overhead data, so that the data with a transmission failure can be recovered.
  • FEC Forward Error Correction
  • the transmitting-end device 1 may also include the above-mentioned receiving unit 21 and the decoding unit 22 to realize the functions of the above-mentioned receiving-end device 2 .
  • the receiving end device 2 may also include the above-mentioned encoding unit 11 and the transmitting unit 12 to realize the functions of the above-mentioned transmitting end device 1 .
  • the above-mentioned sending end device 1 and receiving end device 2 may be an optical module or an optical transport network (Optical transport Network, OTN) device having an optical module, which is not specifically limited here.
  • OTN optical transport Network
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a data encoding method in the present application.
  • the data encoding method includes the following steps.
  • the transmitting end device determines N data symbols from the same symbol positions of the N channels of service data.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of dividing data symbols in each channel of service data of N channels of service data.
  • each channel of service data may include one or more data symbols, and each data symbol includes at least one bit.
  • each channel of service data may include data symbol 1 to data symbol n.
  • the data symbols of each channel of service data of the N channels of service data at the same symbol position have the same number of bits.
  • the symbol 1 in the first position in each channel of service data has the same number of bits
  • the symbol 2 in the second position in each channel of service data has the same number of bits, and so on.
  • the transmitting end device extracts the same number of bits at the same symbol position in each channel of service data, thereby realizing N data symbols from N channels of service data.
  • the number of bits in the data symbols at different symbol positions may be the same or different.
  • the number of bits in symbol 1 and the number of bits in symbol 2 may be the same or different, which is not specifically limited here.
  • each channel of service data is transmitted according to its own transmission rate, and the symbols extracted by the sender device from each channel of service data of N channels of service data at the same time or within the same time period can be considered as N channels of service data.
  • Each channel of service data has a data symbol at the same symbol position.
  • the transmission rates of the above N lines of service data may not be exactly the same.
  • Rate adaptation so that the number of bits in each data symbol is the same at the same symbol position.
  • the sending end device first determines the target service data with the highest transmission rate among the N lines of service data, and determines the number of data symbols contained in the target service data of this line. Furthermore, a certain number of data symbols are supplemented in other service data with a lower transmission rate, so that the number of data symbols is the same as the number of data symbols in the target service data.
  • the values of bits in the supplementary data symbols may be the same, for example, the value is 0. It should be noted that the above-mentioned supplementary data symbols are only used for rate adaptation to implement FEC encoding for N data symbols at the same symbol position, which can be discarded after FEC encoding, and will not be transmitted through the system, so it is not necessary to perform FEC encoding.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of rate adaptation for each channel of service data.
  • the transmission rates of the 1-5 service data are the same
  • the transmission rates of the 6-10 service data are the same
  • the transmission rate of the 1-5 service data is the same as that of the 6-10 service data. 2 times the transfer rate. That is, the number of data symbols in each line of service data in the 1st to 5th lines of service data is n, and the number of data symbols in each line of service data in the 6th to 10th lines of service data is n/2. Then, n/2 data symbols can be respectively added to the service data of the 6th to 10th way, so that the transmission rate of the 6th to 10th way of service data is consistent with the transmission rate of the 1st to 5th way of service data.
  • the transmitting end device performs FEC encoding on the N data symbols to obtain a codeword.
  • the transmitting end device may perform FEC encoding on N data symbols at the same symbol position in the N channels of service data to obtain M overhead symbols.
  • the M overhead symbols and the original N data symbols form a codeword.
  • M is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N.
  • Each overhead symbol includes at least one bit, and the number of bits in each overhead symbol is the same as the number of bits in each data symbol.
  • the M overhead symbols can be used to perform data recovery on a data symbol with a transmission failure among the N data symbols.
  • the value of M depends on the number of data symbols that need to be recovered, and the number of data symbols that can be recovered is less than or equal to M.
  • the value of M can be determined according to actual requirements. For example, if more data symbols are considered to be protected, the value of M can be set larger. For another example, if considering saving resources consumed by FEC encoding, the value of M can be set to be smaller. Furthermore, the transmitting end device selects a specific FEC encoding manner based on the value of M to obtain different codewords. It should be understood that the present application does not limit the specific form of FEC encoding used, for example, a Maximum Distance Separable (Maximum Distance Separable, MDS) code may be used to perform FEC encoding.
  • MDS Maximum Distance Separable
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of performing FEC encoding on N data symbols in an embodiment of the present application.
  • M overhead symbols 1 can be obtained by performing FEC encoding on N data symbols 1 in N channels of service data
  • codeword 1 can be formed by N data symbols 1 and M overhead symbols 1 .
  • other codewords can be obtained by encoding N data symbols in other symbol positions based on the above-mentioned FEC encoding method. For example, performing FEC encoding on N data symbols 2 to obtain N data symbols 2 and M overhead symbols 2 codeword 2.
  • the FEC encoding method adopted in this application is different from the traditional FEC encoding method.
  • the traditional FEC encoding is to encode one channel of service data, and the FEC encoding of each channel of service data is independent of each other, and the receiving end can only perform data recovery for the data that has a transmission failure in one channel of service data.
  • the FEC coding method used in this application is for multiple service data, and it is necessary to extract multiple data symbols at the same symbol position from each service data for FEC coding.
  • the receiving end can encode N data symbols according to M overhead symbols. Data recovery is performed on the data symbols in which transmission failures occur.
  • the transmitting end device sends N data symbols respectively through N service channels, and respectively sends M overhead symbols through M overhead channels.
  • the transmitting end device modulates N data symbols and M overhead symbols respectively to obtain M+N optical signals, and then sends M+N optical signals to the receiving end device through M+N channels.
  • the M+N channels include N service channels and M overhead channels.
  • the N service channels are used to transmit optical signals corresponding to N data symbols
  • the M overhead channels are used to transmit optical signals corresponding to M overhead symbols.
  • the above-mentioned multiple channels may refer to multiple physical links, such as multiple optical fibers, or the above-mentioned channels may also be multiple wavelength signals in one optical fiber, which is not specifically limited here.
  • the transmitting end device may insert synchronization symbols into each channel of service data and each channel of overhead data.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of inserting synchronization symbols in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 6 , N symbols 1 in N channels of service data and M symbols 1 in M channels of overhead data are located in the same symbol position, and can be inserted into the same position after the N symbols 1 and M symbols 1 respectively. The synchronization symbols are then modulated and output, so that the receiving end device can align the N+M symbols by 1 after detecting the N+M synchronization symbols. It should be understood that, in addition to the above-mentioned synchronization methods, other synchronization methods may also be used to synchronize the above-mentioned N data symbols and M overhead symbols in practical applications, which are not specifically limited here.
  • the above-mentioned embodiment describes an implementation manner of performing FEC encoding on N data symbols at one of the symbol positions. It should be understood that the transmitting end device will continue to perform FEC encoding on the N data symbols at each symbol position to complete the FEC encoding of the N-way service data. Repeat.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a data decoding method in the present application.
  • the data decoding method includes the following steps.
  • the receiving end device receives N data symbols through N service channels, and receives M overhead symbols through M overhead channels.
  • N data symbols and M overhead symbols can be obtained.
  • the N data symbols received by the receiving end device are the same as the N data symbols output by the transmitting end device.
  • the data symbols received through the faulty channel will contain erroneous information that is different from the information contained in the original data symbols sent by the sender device. Then, it is necessary to perform data recovery on a data symbol with a transmission failure among the N data symbols by means of M overhead symbols, which will be further described below.
  • the receiving end device performs FEC decoding according to the N data symbols and the M overhead symbols to obtain N data symbols after FEC decoding.
  • the receiving end device can obtain a code word after FEC decoding according to the N data symbols and the M overhead symbols, so as to perform data recovery on the data symbol with a transmission failure among the N data symbols. It includes N data symbols and M overhead symbols after FEC decoding. It should be understood that after the receiving end device obtains the codeword through FEC decoding, it can discard the M overhead symbols after FEC decoding, and then output N data symbols after FEC decoding.
  • the receiving end device can determine the FEC decoding method of the faulty channel: the receiving end device first determines the data symbols without transmission failure among the N data symbols, and determines the overhead symbols without transmission failure among the M overhead symbols. Furthermore, the receiving end device performs erasure decoding according to the data symbols without transmission failure and the overhead symbols without transmission failure to obtain codewords. Specifically, the receiving end device can determine symbols (including data symbols and overhead symbols) that do not have transmission failures in various ways. For example, the device at the receiving end can determine the channel without failure by acquiring the channel failure detection information, that is, it can determine that the symbol transmitted in the channel has no transmission failure.
  • the receiving end device determines whether a transmission failure occurs through synchronization detection, wherein if no synchronization symbol is detected, it indicates that a transmission failure occurs, and if a synchronization symbol is detected, it indicates that there is no transmission failure.
  • the receiving end device cannot determine the FEC decoding method of the faulty channel: the receiving end device directly performs error correction decoding on the received N data symbols and M overhead symbols to obtain a codeword.
  • the receiving end device first calculates the syndrome of N data symbols and M overhead symbols, and then performs error correction decoding according to the syndrome, N data symbols and M overhead symbols to obtain numbers.
  • the receiving end device can directly output the N data symbols. If the syndrome is not 0, it indicates that at least one of the N data symbols and the M overhead symbols has a transmission failure, and the receiving end device can perform FEC decoding to recover the data symbols that may have transmission failures.
  • all M overhead symbols can be used for data recovery of data symbols with transmission failures, and data recovery can be performed on at most M data symbols with transmission failures. If the receiving end device cannot determine the faulty channel, only part of the M overhead symbols can be used for data recovery of data symbols with transmission failures, and data recovery can only be performed for less than M data symbols with transmission failures.
  • the processing flow of the receiving end device is further introduced below through several specific examples.
  • Example 1 The receiver device can read the fault detection information.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a processing flow of a receiving end device in the present application.
  • the processing flow of the receiving end device includes the following steps.
  • the receiving end device receives N data symbols and M overhead symbols.
  • Step 801 in this embodiment is similar to step 701 in the above-mentioned embodiment shown in FIG. 7 , and details are not repeated here.
  • the receiving end device calculates the syndrome of the N data symbols and the M overhead symbols.
  • the receiving end device determines whether the syndrome is 0, and if so, executes step 805, and if not, executes step 804.
  • the receiving end device determines whether the number of faulty data symbols is 0 according to the fault detection information, and if so, executes step 805, and if otherwise, executes step 806.
  • the receiving end device can read the fault detection information, and judge whether the number of data symbols with a transmission fault is 0 according to the fault detection information.
  • the receiving end device outputs N data symbols.
  • step 803 If it is determined according to step 803 that the syndrome is 0, it means that neither the N data symbols nor the M overhead symbols has a transmission failure, and the receiving end device can directly output the N data symbols. If it is determined according to step 804 that the number of data symbols with a transmission failure is 0, it means that the transmission failure is an overhead symbol, and the receiving end device can directly output N data symbols. If it is determined according to step 807 that the FEC decoding is successful, it means that data recovery has been performed on the data symbols with transmission failures, and the receiving end device can output N data symbols after FEC decoding.
  • step 806 If the number of data symbols with transmission failure is not 0, and further, the receiving end device determines whether the number of data symbols with failure is greater than M, and if so, executes step 808, otherwise executes step 807.
  • step 807 If the number of faulty data symbols is less than or equal to M, the receiving end device determines whether the FEC decoding is successful, and if so, executes step 805, otherwise executes step 808.
  • step 702 for the process of FEC decoding, reference may be made to the relevant description of step 702 in the above-mentioned embodiment shown in FIG. 7 , and details are not repeated here.
  • the receiving end device issues a fault alarm.
  • step 806 since the number of overhead symbols is M, data recovery can only be performed on M data symbols at most. Therefore, if it is determined according to step 806 that the number of faulty data symbols is greater than M, the receiving end device will issue a fault alarm. In addition, if it is determined according to step 807 that the FEC decoding is unsuccessful, the receiving end device also needs to perform a fault alarm.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the processing flow of the receiving end device in the present application.
  • the processing flow of the receiving end device includes the following steps.
  • the receiving end device receives N data symbols and M overhead symbols.
  • Step 901 in this embodiment is similar to step 701 in the above-mentioned embodiment shown in FIG. 7 , and details are not described herein again.
  • the receiving end device calculates the syndrome of the N data symbols and the M overhead symbols.
  • the receiving end device determines whether the syndrome is 0, and if so, executes step 907, and if not, executes step 904.
  • the receiving end device judges whether the number of faulty data symbols is 0 through synchronization detection, and if so, executes step 905, otherwise executes step 906.
  • the syndrome is not 0, it means that at least one of the N data symbols and the M overhead symbols has a transmission failure. Furthermore, since the receiving end device cannot read the failure detection information, the receiving end device will determine whether the number of data symbols with transmission failure is 0 through synchronization detection.
  • step 905. If it is determined that the number of faulty data symbols is 0 according to the synchronization detection on the basis that the syndrome is not 0, then the judgment result of the syndrome needs to prevail, that is, it is still determined that at least one transmission fault has occurred and the fault location is unknown. Furthermore, the receiving end device needs to judge whether the FEC decoding is successful, if so, go to step 907 , otherwise go to step 909 .
  • step 702 for the process of FEC decoding, reference may be made to the relevant description of step 702 in the above-mentioned embodiment shown in FIG. 7 , and details are not repeated here.
  • step 906 If it is determined through synchronization detection that the number of faulty data symbols is not 0, the receiving end device will further determine whether the number of faulty data symbols is greater than M, and if so, go to step 909, otherwise go to step 908.
  • the receiving end device outputs N data symbols.
  • step 903 If it is determined according to step 903 that the syndrome is 0, it means that neither the N data symbols nor the M overhead symbols has a transmission failure, and the receiving end device can directly output the N data symbols. If it is determined according to step 905 or step 908 that the FEC decoding is successful, it means that data recovery has been performed on the data symbols with transmission failures, and the receiving end device can output N FEC-decoded data symbols.
  • step 908 If the number of faulty data symbols is less than or equal to M, the receiving end device determines whether the FEC decoding is successful, and if so, executes step 907, otherwise executes step 909.
  • step 702 for the process of FEC decoding, reference may be made to the relevant description of step 702 in the above-mentioned embodiment shown in FIG. 7 , and details are not repeated here.
  • the receiver equipment issues a fault alarm.
  • step 906 Since the number of overhead symbols is M, data recovery can only be performed on M data symbols at most. Therefore, if it is determined according to step 906 that the number of faulty data symbols is greater than M, the receiving end device will issue a fault alarm. In addition, if it is determined according to step 905 or step 908 that the FEC decoding is unsuccessful, the receiving end device also needs to perform a fault alarm.
  • the transmitting end device determines N data symbols from N channels of service data at the same symbol position, and performs FEC encoding on the N data symbols to obtain a codeword, where the codeword includes the original N data symbols and the FEC Encode the generated M overhead symbols.
  • the M overhead symbols are used to perform data recovery on a data symbol with a transmission failure among the N data symbols.
  • the data encoding method and the data decoding method provided by the present application are adopted, so that the time required for data recovery is shorter, and it is convenient to recover faulty data in real time. , to avoid data loss due to long failure recovery time.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible encoder in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the encoder includes an encoding unit 1001 and a transmitting unit 1002 .
  • the encoding unit 1001 is configured to perform the operations of step 201 and step 202 in the above-mentioned embodiment shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the sending unit 1002 is configured to perform the operation of step 203 in the above-mentioned embodiment shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible decoder in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the decoder includes a receiving unit 1101 and a decoding unit 1102 .
  • the receiving unit 1101 is configured to perform the operation of step 701 in the above-mentioned embodiment shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the decoding unit 1102 is configured to perform the operation of step 702 in the above-mentioned embodiment shown in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another possible encoder/decoder in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the encoder/decoder includes a processor 1201 , a memory 1202 and a transceiver 1203 .
  • the processor 1201, the memory 1202 and the transceiver 1203 are interconnected by wires.
  • the memory 1202 is used to store program instructions and data.
  • the transceiver 1203 is configured to perform the data transceiving operation in the steps shown in FIG. 2 above.
  • the processor 1201 is configured to perform other operations except for data sending and receiving in the steps shown in FIG. 2 above.
  • the processor 1201 may include the encoding unit 1001 shown in the foregoing FIG.
  • the transceiver 1203 may include the sending unit 1002 shown in the foregoing FIG. 10 .
  • the transceiver 1203 is configured to perform the data transceiving operation in the steps shown in FIG. 7 above.
  • the processor 1201 is configured to perform other operations except for data sending and receiving in the steps shown in FIG. 7 above.
  • the processor 1201 may include the decoding unit 1102 shown in the foregoing FIG. 11
  • the transceiver 1203 may include the receiving unit 1101 shown in the foregoing FIG. 11 .
  • the processor shown in the above FIG. 12 may adopt a general-purpose central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field A programmed gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, transistor logic device, hardware component, or any combination thereof.
  • the memory shown in FIG. 12 above can store operating systems and other applications.
  • program codes for implementing the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are stored in a memory and executed by a processor.
  • a memory may be included within the processor.
  • the processor and memory are two separate structures.
  • the sending end device and the receiving end device provided by the present application will be introduced below.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible transmitting end device in this application.
  • the transmitting end device includes an encoder 1301 and a transmitter 1302, and the encoder 1301 and the transmitter 1302 are connected to each other through a line.
  • the encoder 1301 may be the encoder shown in FIG. 10 above.
  • the transmitter 1302 is used to modulate the electrical signal output by the encoder 1301 into an optical signal, and send the optical signal to the receiving end device.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible receiving end device in the present application.
  • the receiving end device includes a decoder 1401 and a receiver 1402, and the decoder 1401 and the receiver 1402 are connected to each other through a line.
  • the decoder 1401 may be the decoder shown in FIG. 11 above.
  • the receiver 1402 is used to demodulate the optical signal from the transmitting end device to obtain an electrical signal, and transmit the electrical signal to the decoder 1401 .
  • the present application also provides an encoding chip, which includes logic circuits and/or program instructions, and implements some or all of the steps of any one of the methods in the above-mentioned embodiments shown in FIG. 2 when the chip is running.
  • the present application also provides a decoding chip, which includes logic circuits and/or program instructions, and implements some or all of the steps of any one of the methods in the above-mentioned embodiments shown in FIG. 7 when the chip is running.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer may be a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, computer network, or other programmable device.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be downloaded from a website site, computer, server or data center Transmission to another website site, computer, server, or data center is by wire (eg, coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (eg, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.).
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that includes an integration of one or more available media.
  • the usable media may be magnetic media (eg, floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (eg, DVD), or semiconductor media (eg, Solid State Disk (SSD)), and the like.

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了数据编码方法、数据译码方法及相关设备。本申请实施例方法包括：发送端设备从N路业务数据的同一符号位置中确定N个数据符号，N为大于1的整数，每个数据符号中比特的数量相同。发送端设备对N个数据符号进行前向纠错(Forward Error Correction，FEC)编码得到码字，码字包括N个数据符号和M个开销符号，M为大于或等于1且小于或等于N的整数，每个数据符号中比特的数量和每个开销符号中比特的数量相同。发送端设备通过N个业务通道发送N个数据符号，并通过M个开销通道发送M个开销符号。接收端设备根据M个开销符号对N个数据符号中可能出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复，数据恢复所需要的时间较短，便于实时对故障数据进行恢复。

Description

一种数据编码方法、数据译码方法及相关设备
本申请要求于2021年2月26日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202110217065.1、申请名称为“一种数据编码方法、数据译码方法及相关设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域，尤其涉及一种数据编码方法、数据译码方法及相关设备。
背景技术
光纤传输网络作为现代通信网络的基础，光网络上承载的超大容量数据的可靠传输是整个通信网络可靠性的基础保障。光纤传输系统中发送模块、接收模块和信道中包含众多元器件，任何元器件的意外故障都可能造成整条传输链路无法正常工作，导致链路上承载的业务中断。
目前，在光网络传输系统中主要使用的是自动保护倒换方案，即为每一条光纤链路配置一个保护链路。当工作链路发生故障时，一端检测到故障后立即进行倒换，即将工作链路切换到保护链路，并通知对端进行倒换。对端接收到倒换请求，则立即进行倒换，从而保证通信过程中链路的通畅。然而在倒换过程中，需要端对端发送切换请求指令并进行硬件切换。此外，在出现故障到开始倒换之前通常还有检测时间以及拖延时间，整个过程持续的时间较长，导致故障期间有较多的数据丢失。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种数据编码方法、数据译码方法及相关设备，便于实时对故障数据进行恢复，以避免由于故障恢复时间过长造成的数据丢失。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种数据编码方法。该方法包括多个步骤。首先，发送端设备从N路业务数据的同一符号位置中确定N个数据符号，其中，N个数据符号包括N路业务数据中每路业务数据中的一个数据符号，N为大于1的整数，N个数据符号的每个数据符号包括至少一个比特，每个数据符号包含的比特的数量相同。之后，发送端设备对N个数据符号进行前向纠错(Forward Error Correction，FEC)编码得到码字，其中，码字包括N个数据符号和M个开销符号，M为大于或等于1且小于或等于N的整数，每个数据符号中比特的数量和每个开销符号中比特的数量相同，M个开销符号用于对N个数据符号中出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复。进而，发送端设备通过N个业务通道分别发送N个数据符号，并通过M个开销通道分别发送M个开销符号。
在该实施方式中，发送端设备在同一符号位置从N路业务数据中确定N个数据符号，并对N个数据符号进行FEC编码得到码字，码字包括原有的N个数据符号和FEC编码生成 的M个开销符号。M个开销符号用于对N个数据符号中出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复，便于实时对故障数据进行恢复，以避免由于故障恢复时间过长造成的数据丢失。
在一些可能的实施方式中，在确定N个数据符号之前，方法还包括：发送端设备对N路业务数据进行速率适配，以使得N路业务数据的传输速率相同。通过上述方式，保证了在同一时间段内可以从每一路业务数据中提取到相同数量的比特，从而使得在同一符号位置上每个数据符号中比特的数量相同。
在一些可能的实施方式中，发送端设备通过N个业务通道分别发送N个数据符号，并通过M个开销通道分别发送M个开销符号之前，方法还包括：发送端设备生成与N个数据符号一一对应的N个同步符号以及与M个开销符号一一对应的M个同步符号。发送端设备可以在每一路业务数据和每一路开销数据中都插入同步符号。进而，发送端设备通过N个业务通道分别发送N个同步符号，并通过M个开销通道分别发送M个同步符号，使得接收端设备可以对多个通道中传输的符号进行同步。
在一些可能的实施方式中，M的取值取决于需要进行数据恢复的数据符号的数量。也就是说，可以根据实际需求来确定M的取值，提高了本方案的实用性。例如，若考虑对更多的数据符号进行保护，M的取值就可以设置的大一些。又例如，若考虑节省FEC编码所消耗的资源，M的取值就可以设置的小一些。进而，发送端设备基于M的取值选择具体的FEC编码方式从而得到不同的码字。
在一些可能的实施方式中，发送端设备对N个数据符号进行FEC编码得到码字包括：发送端设备采用极大距离可分(Maximum Distance Separable，MDS)码对N个数据符号进行FEC编码得到码字，增强了方案的可实现性。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种数据编码方法。该方法包括多个步骤。首先，接收端设备通过N个业务通道接收N个数据符号，并通过M个开销通道接收M个开销符号，其中，N为大于1的整数，M为大于或等于1且小于或等于N的整数，每个数据符号包括至少一个比特，每个数据符号中比特的数量和每个开销符号中比特的数量相同。之后，接收端设备根据N个数据符号和M个开销符号进行FEC译码得到FEC译码后的N个数据符号，其中，N个数据符号包括N路业务数据中每路业务数据在同一符号位置上的一个数据符号，M个开销符号用于对N个数据符号中出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复。
在该实施方式中，接收端设备可以根据接收到的N个数据符号和M个开销符号进行FEC译码，从而可以对N个数据符号中出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复，便于实时对故障数据进行恢复，以避免由于故障恢复时间过长造成的数据丢失。
在一些可能的实施方式中，接收端设备根据N个数据符号和M个开销符号进行FEC译码得到FEC译码后的N个数据符号之前，方法还包括：接收端设备计算N个数据符号和M个开销符号的伴随式(syndrome)。接收端设备根据N个数据符号和M个开销符号进行FEC译码得到FEC译码后的N个数据符号包括：接收端设备根据伴随式、N个数据符号和M个开销符号进行FEC译码得到FEC译码后的N个数据符号。在该实施方式中，本申请提供了一种接收端设备无法确定故障通道的FEC译码方式，即接收端设备根据计算得到的伴随式直 接对接收到的N个数据符号和M个开销符号进行纠错译码得到FEC译码后的N个数据符号，提高了本方案的实用性。
在一些可能的实施方式中，接收端设备根据N个数据符号和M个开销符号进行前向纠错FEC译码得到FEC译码后的N个数据符号之前，方法还包括：接收端设备确定N个数据符号中没有出现传输故障的数据符号，并确定M个开销符号中没有出现传输故障的开销符号。接收端设备根据N个数据符号和M个开销符号进行FEC译码得到FEC译码后的N个数据符号包括：接收端设备根据N个数据符号中没有出现传输故障的数据符号和M个开销符号中没有出现传输故障的开销符号进行FEC译码得到FEC译码后的N个数据符号。在该实施方式中，本申请提供了一种接收端设备能够确定故障通道的FEC译码方式，即接收端设备根据没有出现传输故障的数据符号和没有出现传输故障的开销符号进行纠删译码得到FEC译码后的N个数据符号，提高了本方案的扩展性。
在一些可能的实施方式中，接收端设备确定N个数据符号中没有出现传输故障的数据符号，并确定M个开销符号中没有出现传输故障的开销符号包括：接收端设备通过对N个数据符号进行同步检测来确定没有出现传输故障的数据符号，并通过对M个开销符号进行同步检测来确定没有出现传输故障的开销符号。通过上述方式，可以采用同步检测的方式来确定故障通道，增强了本方案的可实现性。
在一些可能的实施方式中，接收端设备确定N个数据符号中没有出现传输故障的数据符号，并确定M个开销符号中没有出现传输故障的开销符号包括：接收端设备获取通道故障检测信息。接收端设备根据通道故障检测信息确定没有出现传输故障的数据符号和没有出现传输故障的开销符号。通过上述方式，接收端设备还可以直接读取故障检测信息以确定故障通道，提高了本方案的灵活性。
在一些可能的实施方式中，能够进行数据恢复的数据符号的数量小于或等于M，也就是说，由于开销符号的数量是M，最多只能对M个数据符号进行保护。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种编码器，该编码器包括：编码单元，用于从N路业务数据的同一符号位置中确定N个数据符号，N个数据符号包括N路业务数据中每路业务数据中的一个数据符号，N为大于1的整数，N个数据符号的每个数据符号包括至少一个比特，每个数据符号包含的比特的数量相同。并用于对N个数据符号进行前向纠错FEC编码得到码字，码字包括N个数据符号和M个开销符号，M为大于或等于1且小于或等于N的整数，每个数据符号中比特的数量和每个开销符号中比特的数量相同，M个开销符号用于对N个数据符号中出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复。发送单元，用于通过N个业务通道分别发送N个数据符号，并通过M个开销通道分别发送M个开销符号。
在一些可能的实施方式中，编码单元还用于对N路业务数据进行速率适配，以使得N路业务数据的传输速率相同。
在一些可能的实施方式中，编码单元还用于生成与N个数据符号一一对应的N个同步符号以及与M个开销符号一一对应的M个同步符号。发送单元还用于通过N个业务通道发送N个同步符号，并通过M个开销通道发送M个同步符号。
在一些可能的实施方式中，M的取值取决于需要进行数据恢复的数据符号的数量。
在一些可能的实施方式中，编码单元具体采用MDS码对N个数据符号进行FEC编码得到码字。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供了一种译码器，该译码器包括：接收单元，用于通过N个业务通道接收N个数据符号，并通过M个开销通道接收M个开销符号，N为大于1的整数，M为大于或等于1且小于或等于N的整数，每个数据符号包括至少一个比特，每个开销符号包括至少一个比特，每个数据符号中比特的数量和每个开销符号中比特的数量相同。译码单元，用于根据N个数据符号和M个开销符号进行前向纠错FEC译码得到FEC译码后的N个数据符号，N个数据符号包括N路业务数据中每路业务数据在同一符号位置上的一个数据符号，M个开销符号用于对N个数据符号中出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复。
在一些可能的实施方式中，译码单元具体用于计算N个数据符号和M个开销符号的伴随式，并根据伴随式、N个数据符号和M个开销符号进行FEC译码得到FEC译码后的N个数据符号。
在一些可能的实施方式中，译码单元具体用于确定N个数据符号中没有出现传输故障的数据符号，并确定M个开销符号中没有出现传输故障的开销符号，进而根据N个数据符号中没有出现传输故障的数据符号和M个开销符号中没有出现传输故障的开销符号进行FEC译码得到FEC译码后的N个数据符号。
在一些可能的实施方式中，译码单元具体用于通过对N个数据符号进行同步检测来确定没有出现传输故障的数据符号，并通过对M个开销符号进行同步检测来确定没有出现传输故障的开销符号。
在一些可能的实施方式中，译码单元具体用于获取通道故障检测信息，并根据通道故障检测信息确定没有出现传输故障的数据符号和没有出现传输故障的开销符号。
在一些可能的实施方式中，能够进行数据恢复的数据符号的数量小于或等于M。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供了一种编码/译码芯片，该芯片包括逻辑电路和/或程序指令，当芯片运行时实现如第一方面、第二方面或者这两方面的任一实施方式中的方法。
第六方面，本申请实施例提供了一种发送端设备，该发送端设备包括如上述第三方面的任一实施方式中的编码器和发射器，编码器和发射器通过线路互相连接。发射器用于将编码器输出的电信号调制为光信号，并将光信号发送至接收端设备。
第七方面，本申请实施例提供了一种接收端设备，该接收端设备包括如上述第四方面的任一实施方式中的译码器和接收器，译码器和接收器通过线路互相连接。接收器用于对来自发送端设备的光信号进行解调得到电信号，并将电信号传输至译码器。
第八方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信系统，包括如上述第六方面所示的发送端设备和如上述第七方面所示的接收端设备。
第九方面，本申请实施例提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，其中，计算机程序被硬件执行时能够实现上述第一方面或第二方面中的任意一种方法的部分或全部步骤。
本申请实施例应用于多路业务数据传输的场景中，发送端设备可以在每路业务数据的同一符号位置上提取一个数据符号，并对提取到的多个数据符号进行FEC编码得到码字，码字包括原有的数据符号和FEC编码生成的开销符号。开销符号用于对出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复，便于实时对故障数据进行恢复，以避免由于故障恢复时间过长造成的数据丢失。
附图说明
图1为本申请应用的一种通信系统的结构示意图；
图2为本申请中一种数据编码方法的一个实施例示意图；
图3为在每一路业务数据中划分数据符号的示意图；
图4为每一路业务数据进行速率适配的一种实施例示意图；
图5为本申请实施例中对N个数据符号进行FEC编码的一种示意图；
图6为本申请实施例中插入同步符号的一种示意图；
图7为本申请中一种数据译码方法的一个实施例示意图；
图8为本申请中接收端设备的处理流程的一个实施例示意图；
图9为本申请中接收端设备的处理流程的另一个实施例示意图；
图10为本申请实施例中一种可能的编码器的结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例中一种可能的译码器的结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例中一种可能的编码/译码器的结构示意图；
图13为本申请中一种可能的发送端设备的结构示意图；
图14为本申请中一种可能的接收端设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供了一种数据编码方法、数据译码方法及相关设备。接收端设备可以根据M路开销符号对N路数据符号中可能出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复，数据恢复所需要的时间较短，便于实时对故障数据进行恢复，以避免由于故障恢复时间过长造成的数据丢失。
需要说明的是，本申请说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等用于区别类似的对象，而非限定特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解，上述术语在适当情况下可以互换，以便在本申请描述的实施例能够以除了在本申请描述的内容以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
图1为本申请应用的一种通信系统的结构示意图。该光传输系统包括发送端设备1和接收端设备2。发送端设备1包括编码单元11和发送单元12。接收端设备2包括接收单元 21和译码单元22。其中，发送端设备1和接收端设备2之间具有多条数据通道。在一种可能的实施方式中，该多条数据通道可以指的是多条物理链路，例如，多根光纤等。在另一种可能的实施方式中，该多条数据通道也可以是一根光纤中的多个波长信号，其中，一个波长信号是一个数据通道。应理解，一个数据通道并不一定严格对应一个特定波长，一个数据通道也可以对应一个波段，具体此处不做限定。
具体地，编码单元11可以对N路业务数据进行前向纠错(Forward Error Correction，FEC)编码得到M路开销数据。发送单元12对N路业务数据和M路开销数据进行调制等操作后输出M+N路光信号。该M+N路光信号通过M+N条数据通道传输至接收端设备2，其中，N+M条数据通道包括N条用于传输业务数据的业务通道和M条用于传输开销数据的开销通道。接收单元21对M+N路光信号进行解调等操作后得到该N路业务数据和M路开销数据。由于该光传输系统的N条业务通道中可能会有部分业务通道发生故障，从而会导致业务数据出现传输故障。那么，译码单元22可以根据M路开销数据对N路业务数据中可能出现传输故障的业务数据进行数据恢复，使得出现传输故障的数据可以得到恢复。
应理解，上述发送端设备1和接收端设备2基于其中数据流向来定义的。该发送端设备1也可以包括上述的接收单元21和译码单元22，以实现上述接收端设备2的功能。同理，该接收端设备2也可以包括上述的编码单元11和发送单元12，以实现上述发送端设备1的功能。在一种可能的实现方式中，上述发送端设备1和接收端设备2可以是光模块或者具有光模块的光传送网络(Optical transport Network，OTN)设备，具体此处不做限定。
下面首先对本申请提供的一种数据编码方法进行详细地介绍。图2为本申请中一种数据编码方法的一个实施例示意图。在该示例中，数据编码方法包括如下步骤。
201.发送端设备从N路业务数据的同一符号位置中确定N个数据符号。
图3为在N路业务数据的每一路业务数据中划分数据符号的示意图。如图3所示，每一路业务数据可以包括为一个或多个数据符号，每个数据符号包括至少一个比特。例如，每一路业务数据可以包括数据符号1至数据符号n。N路业务数据的每一路业务数据在同一个符号位置的数据符号具有相同数量的比特。例如，每一路业务数据中第一个位置上的符号1具有相同数量的比特，每一路业务数据中第二个位置上的符号2具有相同数量的比特，以此类推。也就是说，发送端设备在每一路业务数据中的同一符号位置上提取相同数量的比特，从而实现从N路业务数据中确定N个数据符号。应理解，不同符号位置上的数据符号中的比特数量可以相同也可以不同。例如，符号1中比特的数量与符号2中比特的数量可以相同也可以不同，具体此处不做限定。
需要说明的是，每一路业务数据都按照各自的传输速率传输，发送端设备在同一时刻或同一时间段内从N路业务数据的每一路业务数据中提取到的符号可以认为是N路业务数据的每一路业务数据在同一符号位置上数据符号。在一些可能的实施方式中，上述N路业务数据的传输速率可能并不完全相同，为了保证在同一时间段内可以从每一路业务数据中提取到相同数量的比特，需要对N路业务数据进行速率适配，从而使得在同一符号位置上每个数据符号中比特的数量相同。
具体地，发送端设备先确定N路业务数据中传输速率最高的目标业务数据，并确定该路目标业务数据所具有的数据符号的数量。进而，在其他传输速率较低的业务数据中补充一定数量的数据符号，使其所具有的数据符号的数量与目标业务数据中数据符号的数量相同。其中，补充的数据符号中比特的取值可以是相同的，例如取值为0。需要说明的是，上述补充的数据符号只用于速率适配，以实现对同一符号位置的N个数据符号进行FEC编码，在FEC编码结束后即可丢弃，并不会经过系统传输，因此不会对原有的传输链路造成影响。图4为每一路业务数据进行速率适配的一种实施例示意图。如图4所示，第1-5路业务数据的传输速率一致，第6-10路业务数据的传输速率一致，并且第1-5路业务数据的传输速率是第6-10路业务数据的传输速率的2倍。即第1-5路业务数据中每路业务数据中数据符号的数量为n，第6-10路业务数据中每路业务数据中数据符号的数量为n/2。那么，就可以在第6-10路业务数据中分别再补充n/2个数据符号，以使得第6-10路业务数据的传输速率与第1-5路业务数据的传输速率一致。
202.发送端设备对N个数据符号进行FEC编码得到码字。
本实施例中，发送端设备可以对N路业务数据中同一符号位置的N个数据符号进行FEC编码得到M个开销符号。M个开销符号与原有的N个数据符号构成码字。其中，M为大于或等于1且小于N的整数。每个开销符号包括至少一个比特，并且每个开销符号中比特的数量与每个数据符号中比特的数量相同。需要说明的是，在接收端这M个开销符号可用于对N个数据符号中出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复。具体他，M的取值取决于需要进行数据恢复的数据符号的数量，能够进行数据恢复的数据符号的数量小于或等于M。也就是说，可以根据实际需求来确定M的取值。例如，若考虑对更多的数据符号进行保护，M的取值就可以设置的大一些。又例如，若考虑节省FEC编码所消耗的资源，M的取值就可以设置的小一些。进而，发送端设备基于M的取值选择具体的FEC编码方式从而得到不同的码字。应理解，本申请不限定所采用的FEC编码的具体形式，例如，可以采用极大距离可分(Maximum Distance Separable，MDS)码进行FEC编码。
图5为本申请实施例中对N个数据符号进行FEC编码的一种示意图。如图5所示，对N路业务数据中的N个数据符号1进行FEC编码可以得到M个开销符号1，N个数据符号1与M个开销符号1即可构成码字1。同理，可以基于上述的FEC编码方式对其他符号位置的N个数据符号进行编码得到其他码字，例如，对N个数据符号2进行FEC编码得到包括N个数据符号2和M个开销符号2的码字2。
可以看出，本申请采用的FEC编码方式与传统的FEC编码方式不同。传统的FEC编码是对一路业务数据进行编码，每一路业务数据的FEC编码是相互独立的，在接收端只能对一路业务数据中出现传输故障的数据进行数据恢复。而本申请所采用的FEC编码方式是针对多路业务数据的，需要从每一路业务数据中提取同一符号位置的多个数据符号进行FEC编码，接收端可以根据M个开销符号对N个数据符号中出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复。
203.发送端设备通过N个业务通道分别发送N个数据符号，并通过M个开销通道分别 发送M个开销符号。
具体地，发送端设备对N个数据符号和M个开销符号分别进行调制得到M+N路光信号，进而通过M+N路通道向接收端设备发送M+N路光信号。具体地，M+N路通道包括N个业务通道和M个开销通道，N个业务通道用于传输N个数据符号对应的光信号，M个开销通道用于传输M个开销符号对应的光信号。需要说明的是，上述多条通道可以指的是多条物理链路，例如多根光纤等，或者，上述通道也可以是一根光纤中的多个波长信号，具体此处不做限定。
在一些可能的实施方式中，为了便于接收端设备对多个通道中传输的符号进行同步，发送端设备可以在每一路业务数据和每一路开销数据中都插入同步符号。图6为本申请实施例中插入同步符号的一种示意图。如图6所示，N路业务数据中的N个符号1和M路开销数据中的M个符号1位于同一符号位置，可以在这N个符号1和M个符号1后的同一位置分别插入同步符号，之后再进行调制并输出，从而使得接收端设备检测到这N+M个同步符号后可以将N+M个符号1对齐。应理解，除了上述介绍的同步方式，在实际应用中也可以采用其他的同步方式对上述N个数据符号和M个开销符号进行同步，具体此处不做限定。
需要说明的是，上述实施例介绍的是对其中一个符号位置上的N个数据符号进行FEC编码的实施方式。应理解，发送端设备会持续地对每一个符号位置上的N个数据符号进行FEC编码，以完成对N路业务数据的FEC编码，具体的实现方式可以参照上述实施例的描述，此处不再赘述。
上面对本申请实施例中的数据编码方法进行了介绍，下面对本申请实施例中的数据译码方法进行详细介绍。图7为本申请中一种数据译码方法的一个实施例示意图。在该示例中，数据译码方法包括如下步骤。
701.接收端设备通过N个业务通道接收N个数据符号，并通过M个开销通道接收M个开销符号。
接收端设备对接收到的N+M路光信号进行解调后可以得到N个数据符号和M个开销符号，关于数据符号和开销符号的描述可以参照上述图2所示实施例中的相关描述，此处不再赘述。需要说明的是，如果发送端设备与接收端设备之间的通道没有出现传输故障，那么接收端设备接收到的N个数据符号与发送端设备所输出的N个数据符号相同。如果发送端设备与接收端设备之间的通道出现了传输故障，那么通过故障通道接收到的数据符号就会包含错误的信息，与发送端设备所发送的原始数据符号中包含的信息不同。那么，就需要借助M个开销符号对N个数据符号中出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复，下面进行进一步地介绍。
702.接收端设备根据N个数据符号和M个开销符号进行FEC译码得到FEC译码后的N个数据符号。
本实施例中，接收端设备根据N个数据符号和M个开销符号进行FEC译码后即可得到码字，以对N个数据符号中出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复，该码字具体包括FEC译码后的N个数据符号和M个开销符号。应理解，接收端设备通过FEC译码得到码字后即 可丢弃FEC译码后的M个开销符号，进而输出FEC译码后的N个数据符号。下面介绍几种具体的FEC译码方式。
第一种、接收端设备能够确定故障通道的FEC译码方式：接收端设备先确定N个数据符号中没有出现传输故障的数据符号，并确定M个开销符号中没有出现传输故障的开销符号。进而，接收端设备根据没有出现传输故障的数据符号和没有传输故障的开销符号进行纠删译码得到码字。具体地，接收端设备可以通过多种方式来确定没有出现传输故障的符号(包括数据符号和开销符号)。例如，接收端设备可以通过获取通道故障检测信息来确定没有出现故障的通道，即可确定该通道中传输的符号没有出现传输故障。又例如，接收端设备通过同步检测来确定是否出现传输故障，其中，若没有检测到同步符号即说明出现了传输故障，若检测到同步符号即说明没有传输故障。
第二种、接收端设备无法确定故障通道的FEC译码方式：接收端设备直接对接收到的N个数据符号和M个开销符号进行纠错译码得到码字。在一种可能的实现方式中，接收端设备先计算N个数据符号和M个开销符号的伴随式(syndrome)，进而根据伴随式、N个数据符号和M个开销符号进行纠错译码得到码字。伴随式具体可以通过如下方式进行计算：S＝r*H T，其中，S表示伴随式，r表示接收端设备接收到的N个数据符号和M个开销符号，H表示码字的校验矩阵，T表示矩阵转置。需要说明的是，若伴随式为0则表明N个数据符号和M个开销符号都没有出现传输故障，接收端设备就可以直接输出N个数据符号。若伴随式不为0则表明N个数据符号和M个开销符号中至少有一个符号出现了传输故障，接收端设备就可以进行FEC译码以对可能出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复。
需要说明的是，若接收端设备能够确定故障通道，则所有M个开销符号都可以用来对出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复，最多可以对M个出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复。若接收端设备无法确定故障通道，则M个开销符号中只有部分开销符号可以用来对出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复，只能对小于M个出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复。
下面通过几个具体的示例对接收端设备的处理流程进行进一步介绍。
示例一：接收端设备可以读取到故障检测信息。图8为本申请中接收端设备的处理流程的一个实施例示意图。在该示例中，接收端设备的处理流程包括如下步骤。
801.接收端设备接收N个数据符号和M个开销符号。
本实施例中的步骤801与上述图7所示实施例中的步骤701类似，此处不再赘述。
802.接收端设备计算N个数据符号和M个开销符号的伴随式。
具体可以参照上述图7所示实施例的步骤702中关于计算伴随式的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
803.接收端设备判断伴随式是否为0，若是则执行步骤805，若否则执行步骤804。
804.接收端设备根据故障检测信息判断故障的数据符号数量是否为0，若是则执行步骤805，若否则执行步骤806。
若伴随式不为0，则说明N个数据符号和M个开销符号中至少有一路出现了传输故障。 进而，接收端设备可以读取故障检测信息，并根据故障检测信息来判断出现传输故障的数据符号的数量是否为0。
805.接收端设备输出N个数据符号。
若根据步骤803确定伴随式为0，则说明N个数据符号和M个开销符号都没有出现传输故障，那么接收端设备即可直接输出N个数据符号。若根据步骤804确定出现传输故障的数据符号的数量为0，则说明出现传输故障的是开销符号，那么接收端设备即可直接输出N个数据符号。若根据步骤807确定FEC译码成功，则说明已经对出现传输故障的数据符号进行了数据恢复，那么接收端设备即可输出N个FEC译码后的数据符号。
806.若出现传输故障的数据符号的数量不为0，进而，接收端设备判断故障的数据符号的数量是否大于M，若是则执行步骤808，若否则执行步骤807。
807.若故障的数据符号的数量小于或等于M，则接收端设备判断FEC译码是否成功，若是则执行步骤805，若否则执行步骤808。
本实施例中，FEC译码的过程可以参照上述图7所示实施例中步骤702的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
808.接收端设备进行故障报警。
本实施例中，因为开销符号的数量为M，最多只能对M个数据符号进行数据恢复，所以若根据步骤806确定故障的数据符号数量大于M，接收端设备将进行故障报警。另外，若根据步骤807确定FEC译码没有成功，接收端设备也需要进行故障报警。
示例二：接收端设备无法读取到故障检测信息。图9为本申请中接收端设备的处理流程的另一个实施例示意图。在该示例中，接收端设备的处理流程包括如下步骤。
901.接收端设备接收N个数据符号和M个开销符号。
本实施例中的步骤901与上述图7所示实施例中的步骤701类似，此处不再赘述。
902.接收端设备计算N个数据符号和M个开销符号的伴随式。
具体可以参照上述图7所示实施例的步骤702中关于计算伴随式的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
903.接收端设备判断伴随式是否为0，若是则执行步骤907，若否则执行步骤904。
904.接收端设备通过同步检测判断故障的数据符号数量是否为0，若是则执行步骤905，若否则执行步骤906。
若伴随式不为0，则说明N个数据符号和M个开销符号中至少有一路出现了传输故障。进而，由于接收端设备无法读取故障检测信息，接收端设备将通过同步检测来判断出现传输故障的数据符号的数量是否为0。
905.若在伴随式不为0的基础上根据同步检测确定故障的数据符号数量为0，那么需要以伴随式的判断结果为准，即仍判定至少有一路出现了传输故障且故障位置未知。进而，接收端设备需要判断FEC译码是否成功，若是则执行步骤907，若否则执行步骤909。
本实施例中，FEC译码的过程可以参照上述图7所示实施例中步骤702的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
906.若通过同步检测确定故障的数据符号数量不为0，接收端设备将进一步判断故障的数据符号数量是否大于M，若是则执行步骤909，若否则执行步骤908。
907.接收端设备输出N个数据符号。
若根据步骤903确定伴随式为0，则说明N个数据符号和M个开销符号都没有出现传输故障，那么接收端设备即可直接输出N个数据符号。若根据步骤905或步骤908确定FEC译码成功，则说明已经对出现传输故障的数据符号进行了数据恢复，那么接收端设备即可输出N个FEC译码后的数据符号。
908.若故障的数据符号的数量小于或等于M，则接收端设备判断FEC译码是否成功，若是则执行步骤907，若否则执行步骤909。
本实施例中，FEC译码的过程可以参照上述图7所示实施例中步骤702的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
909.接收端设备进行故障报警。
因为开销符号的数量为M，最多只能对M个数据符号进行数据恢复，所以若根据步骤906确定故障的数据符号数量大于M，接收端设备将进行故障报警。另外，若根据步骤905或步骤908确定FEC译码没有成功，接收端设备也需要进行故障报警。
本申请实施例中，发送端设备在同一符号位置从N路业务数据中确定N个数据符号，并对N个数据符号进行FEC编码得到码字，码字包括原有的N个数据符号和FEC编码生成的M个开销符号。M个开销符号用于对N个数据符号中出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复。相对于现有技术中通过保护链路倒换来保证正常通信的方案，采用本申请所提供的数据编码方式和数据译码方式，使得数据恢复所需要的时间较短，便于实时对故障数据进行恢复，以避免由于故障恢复时间过长造成的数据丢失。
下面对本申请提供的编码器和译码器进行介绍。
图10为本申请实施例中一种可能的编码器的结构示意图。如图10所示，编码器包括编码单元1001和发送单元1002。具体地，编码单元1001用于执行上述图2所示实施例中步骤201和步骤202的操作。发送单元1002用于执行上述图2所示实施例中步骤203的操作。
图11为本申请实施例中一种可能的译码器的结构示意图。如图11所示，译码器包括接收单元1101和译码单元1102。具体地，接收单元1101用于执行上述图7所示实施例中步骤701的操作。译码单元1102用于执行上述图7所示实施例中步骤702的操作。
图12为本申请实施例中另一种可能的编码/译码器的结构示意图。如图12所示，编码/译码器包括处理器1201、存储器1202和收发器1203。该处理器1201、存储器1202和收发器1203通过线路相互连接。其中，存储器1202用于存储程序指令和数据。在一种可能的实现方式中，收发器1203用于执行上述图2所示步骤中数据的收发操作。处理器1201用于执行上述图2所示步骤中除了数据收发外的其他操作。处理器1201可以包括上述图10所示的编码单元1001，收发器1203可以包括上述图10所示的发送单元1002。在另一种可能的实现方式中，收发器1203用于执行上述图7所示步骤中数据的收发操作。处理器1201 用于执行上述图7所示步骤中除了数据收发外的其他操作。处理器1201可以包括上述图11所示的译码单元1102，收发器1203可以包括上述图11所示的接收单元1101。
需要说明的是，上述图12中所示的处理器可以采用通用的中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，CPU)，通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、晶体管逻辑器件、硬件部件或者其任意组合。上述图12中所示的存储器可以存储操作系统和其他应用程序。在通过软件或者固件来实现本申请实施例提供的技术方案时，用于实现本申请实施例提供的技术方案的程序代码保存在存储器中，并由处理器来执行。在一实施例中，处理器内部可以包括存储器。在另一实施例中，处理器和存储器是两个独立的结构。
下面对本申请提供的发送端设备和接收端设备进行介绍。
图13为本申请中一种可能的发送端设备的结构示意图。如图13所示，该发送端设备包括编码器1301和发射器1302，该编码器1301和发射器1302通过线路互相连接。该编码器1301具体可以是上述图10所示的编码器。该发射器1302用于将编码器1301输出的电信号调制为光信号，并将光信号发送至接收端设备。
图14为本申请中一种可能的接收端设备的结构示意图。如图14所示，该接收端设备包括译码器1401和接收器1402，该译码器1401和接收器1402通过线路互相连接。该译码器1401具体可以是上述图11所示的译码器。该接收器1402用于对来自发送端设备的光信号进行解调得到电信号，并将电信号传输至译码器1401。
本申请还提供了一种编码芯片，该芯片包括逻辑电路和/或程序指令，当芯片运行时实现如上述图2所示实施例中任意一种方法的部分或全部步骤。
本申请还提供了一种译码芯片，该芯片包括逻辑电路和/或程序指令，当芯片运行时实现如上述图7所示实施例中任意一种方法的部分或全部步骤。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统，装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过硬件来完成，也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，随机接入存储器等。上述的这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
当使用软件实现时，上述实施例描述的方法步骤可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心 通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质，(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘Solid State Disk(SSD))等。
最后应说明的是：以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种数据编码方法，其特征在于，包括：
    发送端设备从N路业务数据的同一个符号位置中确定N个数据符号，所述N个数据符号包括所述N路业务数据中每路业务数据中的一个数据符号，所述N为大于1的整数，所述N个数据符号的每个数据符号包括至少一个比特，所述每个数据符号包含的比特的数量相同；
    所述发送端设备对所述N个数据符号进行前向纠错FEC编码得到码字，所述码字包括所述N个数据符号和M个开销符号，所述M为大于或等于1且小于或等于N的整数，每个所述数据符号中比特的数量和每个所述开销符号中比特的数量相同，所述M个开销符号用于对所述N个数据符号中出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复；
    所述发送端设备通过N个业务通道分别发送所述N个数据符号，并通过M个开销通道分别发送所述M个开销符号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述确定N个数据符号之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述发送端设备对所述N路业务数据进行速率适配，以使得所述N路业务数据的传输速率相同。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述发送端设备通过N个业务通道分别发送所述N个数据符号，并通过M个开销通道分别发送所述M个开销符号之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述发送端设备生成与所述N个数据符号一一对应的N个同步符号以及与所述M个开销符号一一对应的M个同步符号；
    所述发送端设备通过所述N个业务通道分别发送所述N个同步符号，并通过所述M个开销通道分别发送所述M个同步符号。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述M的取值取决于需要进行数据恢复的数据符号的数量。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述发送端设备对所述N个数据符号进行FEC编码得到码字包括：
    所述发送端设备采用极大距离可分MDS码对所述N个数据符号进行FEC编码得到所述码字。
  6. 一种数据译码方法，其特征在于，包括：
    接收端设备通过N个业务通道接收N个数据符号，并通过M个开销通道接收M个开销符号，所述N为大于1的整数，所述M为大于或等于1且小于或等于N的整数，每个所述数据符号包括至少一个比特，每个所述数据符号中比特的数量和每个所述开销符号中比特的数量相同；
    所述接收端设备根据所述N个数据符号和所述M个开销符号进行前向纠错FEC译码得到所述FEC译码后的N个数据符号，所述N个数据符号包括N路业务数据中每路业务数据在同一符号位置上的一个数据符号，所述M个开销符号用于对所述N个数据符号中出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接收端设备根据所述N个数据符号和所述M个开销符号进行FEC译码得到所述FEC译码后的N个数据符号之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述接收端设备计算所述N个数据符号和所述M个开销符号的伴随式；
    所述接收端设备根据所述N个数据符号和所述M个开销符号进行FEC译码得到所述FEC译码后的N个数据符号包括：
    所述接收端设备根据所述伴随式、所述N个数据符号和所述M个开销符号进行FEC译码得到所述FEC译码后的N个数据符号。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接收端设备根据所述N个数据符号和所述M个开销符号进行前向纠错FEC译码得到所述FEC译码后的N个数据符号之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述接收端设备确定所述N个数据符号中没有出现传输故障的数据符号，并确定M个开销符号中没有出现传输故障的开销符号；
    所述接收端设备根据所述N个数据符号和所述M个开销符号进行FEC译码得到所述FEC译码后的N个数据符号包括：
    所述接收端设备根据所述N个数据符号中没有出现传输故障的数据符号和所述M个开销符号中没有出现传输故障的开销符号进行FEC译码得到所述FEC译码后的N个数据符号。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接收端设备确定所述N个数据符号中没有出现传输故障的数据符号，并确定M个开销符号中没有出现传输故障的开销符号包括：
    所述接收端设备通过对所述N个数据符号进行同步检测来确定所述没有出现传输故障的数据符号，并通过对所述M个开销符号进行同步检测来确定所述没有出现传输故障的开销符号。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接收端设备确定所述N个数据符号中没有出现传输故障的数据符号，并确定M个开销符号中没有出现传输故障的开销符号包括：
    所述接收端设备获取通道故障检测信息；
    所述接收端设备根据所述通道故障检测信息确定所述没有出现传输故障的数据符号和所述没有出现传输故障的开销符号。
  11. 一种编码器，其特征在于，包括：
    编码单元，用于从N路业务数据的同一符号位置中确定N个数据符号，所述N个数据符号包括所述N路业务数据中每路业务数据中的一个数据符号，所述N为大于1的整数，所述N个数据符号的每个数据符号包括至少一个比特，所述每个数据符号包含的比特的数量相同；
    对所述N个数据符号进行前向纠错FEC编码得到码字，所述码字包括所述N个数据符号和M个开销符号，所述M为大于或等于1且小于或等于N的整数，每个所述数据符号中比特的数量和每个所述开销符号中比特的数量相同，所述M个开销符号用于对所述N个数据符号中出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复；
    发送单元，用于通过N个业务通道分别发送所述N个数据符号，并通过M个开销通道分别发送所述M个开销符号。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的编码器，其特征在于，在所述确定N个数据符号之前，所述编码单元还用于：
    对所述N路业务数据进行速率适配，以使得所述N路业务数据的传输速率相同。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的编码器，其特征在于，所述编码单元还用于：
    生成与所述N个数据符号一一对应的N个同步符号以及与所述M个开销符号一一对应的M个同步符号；
    所述发送单元还用于：
    通过所述N个业务通道分别发送所述N个同步符号，并通过所述M个开销通道分别发送所述M个同步符号。
  14. 根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的编码器，其特征在于，所述M的取值取决于需要进行数据恢复的数据符号的数量。
  15. 根据权利要求11至14中任一项所述的编码器，其特征在于，所述编码单元具体用于：
    采用极大距离可分MDS码对所述N个数据符号进行FEC编码得到所述码字。
  16. 一种译码器，其特征在于，包括：
    接收单元，用于通过N个业务通道接收N个数据符号，并通过M个开销通道接收M个开销符号，所述N为大于1的整数，所述M为大于或等于1且小于或等于N的整数，每个所述数据符号包括至少一个比特，每个所述数据符号中比特的数量和每个所述开销符号中比特的数量相同；
    译码单元，用于根据所述N个数据符号和所述M个开销符号进行前向纠错FEC译码得到所述FEC译码后的N个数据符号，所述N个数据符号包括N路业务数据中每路业务数据在同一符号位置上的一个数据符号，所述M个开销符号用于对所述N个数据符号中出现传输故障的数据符号进行数据恢复。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的译码器，其特征在于，所述译码单元具体用于：
    计算所述N个数据符号和所述M个开销符号的伴随式；
    根据所述伴随式、所述N个数据符号和所述M个开销符号进行FEC译码得到所述FEC译码后的N个数据符号。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的译码器，其特征在于，所述译码单元具体用于：
    确定所述N个数据符号中没有出现传输故障的数据符号，并确定M个开销符号中没有出现传输故障的开销符号；
    根据所述N个数据符号中没有出现传输故障的数据符号和所述M个开销符号中没有出现传输故障的开销符号进行FEC译码得到所述FEC译码后的N个数据符号。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的译码器，其特征在于，所述译码单元具体用于：
    通过对所述N个数据符号进行同步检测来确定所述没有出现传输故障的数据符号，并通过对所述M个开销符号进行同步检测来确定所述没有出现传输故障的开销符号。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的译码器，其特征在于，所述译码单元具体用于：
    获取通道故障检测信息；
    根据所述通道故障检测信息确定所述没有出现传输故障的数据符号和所述没有出现传输故障的开销符号。
  21. 一种编码芯片，其特征在于，所述芯片包括逻辑电路和/或程序指令，当所述芯片运行时实现如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法。
  22. 一种译码芯片，其特征在于，所述芯片包括逻辑电路和/或程序指令，当所述芯片运行时实现如权利要求6至10中任一项所述的方法。
  23. 一种发送端设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求11至15中任一项所述的编码器和发射器，所述编码器和所述发射器通过线路互相连接；
    所述发射器用于将所述编码器输出的电信号调制为光信号，并将所述光信号发送至接收端设备。
  24. 一种接收端设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求16至20中任一项所述的译码器和接收器，所述译码器和所述接收器通过线路互相连接；
    所述接收器用于对来自发送端设备的光信号进行解调得到电信号，并将所述电信号传输至所述译码器。
  25. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括如权利要求23所述的发送端设备和如权利要求24所述的接收端设备。
  26. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，包括计算机指令，当所述计算机指令在计算机设备上运行时，使得所述计算机设备执行如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法。
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