WO2022179084A1 - 一种排气装置 - Google Patents

一种排气装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022179084A1
WO2022179084A1 PCT/CN2021/118101 CN2021118101W WO2022179084A1 WO 2022179084 A1 WO2022179084 A1 WO 2022179084A1 CN 2021118101 W CN2021118101 W CN 2021118101W WO 2022179084 A1 WO2022179084 A1 WO 2022179084A1
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Prior art keywords
fairing
exhaust
ventilation pipe
upper port
protective cover
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PCT/CN2021/118101
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王政玉
李春泥
李元禾
王超颖
岑陈
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王政玉
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Publication of WO2022179084A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022179084A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F17/00—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage
    • E04F17/02—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage for carrying away waste gases, e.g. flue gases; Building elements specially designed therefor, e.g. shaped bricks or sets thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F17/00—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage
    • E04F17/04—Air-ducts or air channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L17/00—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L17/00—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues
    • F23L17/02—Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/20—Casings or covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/02—Roof ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the fields of aerodynamics and thermodynamics, in particular to a device for utilizing natural wind and hot air in a structure to naturally exhaust.
  • Spherical "unpowered fan” this exhaust device uses natural wind to drive the wind wheel to rotate, resulting in centrifugal effect, plus the air in the building space. Hot air buoyancy, discharge indoor foul gas.
  • Venturi type exhaust device which uses the low pressure area generated when the natural incoming air passes through the nozzle or Laval nozzle to suck the dirty air in the room.
  • Airfoil exhaust device such as an air exhaust device invented by the inventor: Patent No. 201010594258.0
  • Air-gathering and suction-type exhaust device such as an ordered flow device invented by the inventor: Patent No. 201010241209.9, which has the function of air exchange.
  • Straight pipe + protective cover type This is the most traditional exhaust device, and its advantage is that the structure is very simple. Disadvantages: First, when the incoming wind cuts in the direction or the installation direction is not suitable, the phenomenon of backflow will occur; second, the exhaust efficiency is low. (6) Cylindrical hood: The national standard product has been realized, but the structure is complex, and a drip water receiving device is required. (7) Umbrella-shaped hood: It has been a national standard product and has a simple structure. However, due to the need to leave a large over-flow space between the bottom outer edge of the umbrella-shaped protective cover and the air outlet of the ventilator, it will prevent rain and snow, insects, and air.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is to seek a simple structure, easy to manufacture, low cost, no rotating and wearing parts, maintenance-free, low starting wind speed, high efficiency, and no reverse wind flow, which can utilize natural wind force and indoor hot gas exhaust. , a device with complete protection functions.
  • the technical scheme proposed by the present invention is:
  • An exhaust device includes a vent pipe, a protective cover, and a support body, the vent pipe is a pipe body with an upper port and a lower port that can be ventilated, and the protective cover is a shell, and the shell can be arc-shaped or A positive spherical cap or positive conical shell or a flat or other shaped shell; a fairing is installed between the vent pipe and the protective cover, and the fairing is a frustoconical shell or a frustoconical polyhedral shell or similar shell; the outer edge of the upper port of the fairing is smaller than or equal to the lower outer edge of the shield, the outer edge of the upper port of the vent pipe is smaller than the outer edge of the lower port of the fairing, and the upper port of the fairing is the same as the outer edge of the lower port of the fairing.
  • the lower part of the protective cover is connected, the upper port of the vent pipe is inserted into the lower port of the fairing, the distance between the upper port of the vent pipe and the lower port of the fairing is greater than 3 mm, and the vent pipe and the fairing are connected through a support body,
  • the lower port of the ventilation pipe is communicated with the inner space of the structure through the structure wall; the inner space of the ventilation pipe and the space between the ventilation pipe and the fairing and the protective cover form an exhaust passage.
  • the perimeter of the outer wall of the vent pipe can be installed directly or through a seal between the base and the structure.
  • the function of the fairing when the fairing is a truncated inverted cone shell or a truncated inverted cone polyhedral shell, its functions: First, the fairing can convert the horizontal flow of two-dimensional laminar flow into three-dimensional flow, that is, A downward axial airflow flow component is created to improve the suction effect of the exhaust port between the fairing and the snorkel. The second is that the fairing cooperates with the upper port of the ventilation pipe inserted into it and the protective cover to prevent the backflow of airflow and prevent rain, snow, birds, etc. from entering the ventilation pipe.
  • the device has the dual functions of guiding external air flow and exhausting indoor air, and the fresh air needed in the room enters from other passages of the structure.
  • This device is different from the existing "unpowered fan" and tower-shaped natural ventilation device.
  • the fresh air enters from one side of the air guide and ventilation pipe, and the dirty gas is discharged from the other side of the air guide and ventilation pipe, causing the fresh air and dirty gas to flow in the ventilation pipe.
  • the exhaust gas has both fresh air and foul gas.
  • the fairing is a truncated positive cone shell or a truncated positive cone polyhedral shell, the horizontal inflow will also generate negative pressure and suction between the fairing and the vent pipe.
  • the ventilation pipe is a pipe body with an upper port and a lower port that can be ventilated, and the upper port and the lower port may be open, or the upper and lower ports of the ventilation pipe may be closed, and a number of ventilation ports are opened on the side walls of the upper and lower ports.
  • It can be a circular tube, a polygonal tube or a tapered tube, and each end is a special-shaped tube with the same diameter as the middle of the tube, or a reduced or enlarged diameter; according to the needs of the engineering conditions, the overall pipeline can be a straight tube along the axis It can also be an elbow.
  • the protective cover can be a non-transparent material or a transparent material, especially when the protective cover is made of transparent material, the inner wall of the fairing and the ventilation pipe are provided with reflective surfaces, and the lower port of the ventilation pipe is installed with a certain ventilation distance. Light guiding.
  • the working process of the device is as follows: when there is an incoming wind in any direction outside the device, after being diverted by the fairing, when the incoming wind flows through the lower port of the fairing, a negative pressure and suction effect are generated, and the gas in the room is passed through
  • the air inlet of the trachea enters the snorkel, and then passes through the upper port of the snorkel, the exhaust passage between the fairing and the protective cover and the snorkel, and finally discharges from the lower port of the fairing to the outer space;
  • the hot air will generate buoyancy, so that the gas snorkel rises and is discharged to the outer space through the exhaust channel.
  • the buoyancy follows the element relationship of the gas equation.
  • the device will not produce the phenomenon of "backward wind” and "cross-wind”.
  • the device can also be used for ventilation and heat dissipation in the outdoor box.
  • Various parts of the device can be metal parts, non-metallic composite materials, concrete cement and the like.
  • the support body refers to a plurality of support rods or support plates evenly distributed between the inner wall of the fairing and the outer wall of the ventilation pipe.
  • the fairing is a truncated inverted cone shell or a truncated inverted cone polyhedron shell with an upper port sectional area larger than a lower port sectional area.
  • the truncated inverted cone fairing can convert the horizontal incoming two-dimensional laminar flow into three-dimensional flow, that is, generate a downward axial airflow flow component to improve the suction of the exhaust port between the fairing and the snorkel Effect.
  • the device Compared with the umbrella-shaped hood without a fairing, the device has obvious anti-airflow "backflow" effect and anti-rain and snow, insect-proof and bird-proof functions.
  • the fairing is a truncated right conical shell or a truncated right conical polyhedron shell with the cross-sectional area of the upper port being smaller than the cross-sectional area of the lower port.
  • the horizontal inflow also creates negative pressure and suction between the truncated positive cone fairing and the snorkel.
  • a powered exhaust fan is installed in the exhaust channel.
  • the power exhaust fan can be an electric exhaust fan, or a pneumatic or hydraulic exhaust fan; it can be an outer rotor fan or an inner rotor fan; the exhaust fan can be installed in the ventilation pipe, or can be installed between the fairing and the snorkel.
  • a gas switch valve is installed in the exhaust channel.
  • the gas switching valve can be a manual valve, or an electric, pneumatic or hydraulic valve; it can be a butterfly valve, a rotary leaf valve or a swing valve. It can be an ordinary gas on-off valve, or it can be a thermal insulation and fireproof gas on-off valve.
  • a bellows type expansion valve installed on the outer wall of the lower port of the ventilation pipe can also be used.
  • the ventilation pipe is an expansion pipe with the cross-sectional area of the upper port being smaller than the cross-sectional area of the lower port. This structure facilitates the accumulation and flow of indoor gas.
  • the ventilation pipe is a pipe tube whose upper port and lower port cross-sectional area is larger than the cross-sectional area of the middle section and expanded at both ends. This structure not only facilitates the accumulation and flow of indoor gas, but also facilitates airflow diffusion and improves exhaust efficiency.
  • a protective net is arranged in the exhaust passage, and the protective net prevents the entry of microscopic organisms such as insects when there is no external wind and the indoor temperature is low.
  • a filter screen is arranged in the exhaust channel, and the filter screen can filter the indoor foul gas.
  • an optional technical solution is: an annular air amplifier is provided in the exhaust passage, the air outlet injection direction of the annular air amplifier is directed towards the exhaust direction, and the air inlet of the air amplifier passes through the pipeline.
  • the wind speed sensor controller is connected to the compressed air source.
  • the air amplifier is also called an air multiplier or a bladeless fan or an air inducer. According to the principle of Coanda effect, the high-speed gas ejected by the air amplifier can drive the surrounding air to flow and exhaust.
  • the air amplifier is a single-sided or double-sided wing-shaped air inducer or an annular air inducer consisting of a plurality of nozzles.
  • the upper port of the ventilation pipe is a pipe opening that is curled and expanded outward. This structure is beneficial to reduce wind resistance and improve the exhaust effect.
  • a guide cone is arranged on the central axis between the bottom of the protective cover and the upper port of the vent, the guide cone is an inverted cone, and the upper part of the inverted cone is Connect to the bottom of the shield.
  • the guide cone has a rectifying and guiding effect on the internal air flow.
  • the improved technical solution is: the fairing is formed by stacking two or more truncated inverted cone shells with different sizes, and the two adjacent fairings are stacked. There is a ventilation space in between and a support body is provided. This solution has the effect of improving the utilization rate of incoming flow and increasing the exhaust volume for large exhaust devices.
  • the device can realize the use of natural wind exhaust, no rotating parts, and no need for a wind direction tracking device. As long as the material used in the device has sufficient strength, it can adapt to high wind speed requirements; Simple structure, small size, low cost, long life and no noise. (2) In terms of exhaust performance, the starting wind speed is low. According to the physical test, the effective diameter of the ventilation pipe of the device is 200mm compared with the spherical rotating "unpowered fan" with an effective diameter of 500mm commonly used in the market.
  • the exhaust can be started, and the exhaust speed can reach 1.0m/s, while the starting wind speed of the "unpowered fan” needs more than 1.7m/s to start the rotation; when the external wind speed is 2.5m/s , the exhaust speed of the device reaches 1.6m/s, while the spherical "unpowered fan” only reaches 1.5m/s; when the external wind speed is 4.5m/s, the exhaust speed of the device reaches 2.7m/s, while the spherical "unpowered fan” only reaches 1.5m/s; The "unpowered fan” only reaches 2.5m/s; when the external wind speed is 11m/s, the exhaust speed of the device reaches 6.5m/s, while the spherical "unpowered fan” only reaches 6m/s.
  • the ventilation efficiency has been improved.
  • the device has the functions of guiding the external air flow and pumping the indoor air, and the inclination of plus or minus 30° will not produce the phenomenon of airflow backflow. (3)
  • the wide application of the device can save fossil energy, reduce pollutant emissions, accelerate the growth rate of organisms in the exhausted space, and improve the immunity of organisms.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an exhaust device of the present invention.
  • the solid line with arrows represents the flow line of external flow
  • the two-dot chain line with arrows represents the flow line of indoor gas.
  • An exhaust device shown in FIG. 1 includes a ventilation pipe 1, a protective cover 2, and a support body 3.
  • the ventilation pipe 1 is a pipe body with an open upper port and a lower port and expands outward.
  • the protective cover 2 is a positive spherical cap-shaped shell; a fairing 4 is installed between the ventilation pipe 1 and the protective cover, and the fairing 4 is a truncated inverted conical shell whose upper port cross-sectional area is larger than the lower port cross-sectional area.
  • the angle between the external surface and the central axis is 30°, the outer edge of the upper port of the fairing 4 is smaller than the outer edge of the lower part of the protective cover 2, and the outer edge of the upper port of the vent pipe 1 is smaller than the lower port of the fairing 4.
  • the upper port of the fairing 4 is connected to the inner wall of the lower part of the protective cover 2, the upper port of the ventilation pipe 1 is inserted into the lower port of the fairing 4, and the upper port of the ventilation pipe 1 and the lower port of the fairing 4 are connected.
  • the distance is 6 mm, the ventilation pipe 1 and the fairing 4 are connected by the support body 3, the lower port of the ventilation pipe 1 passes through the structure wall 5, and is communicated with the inner space of the structure wall 5, and the ventilation pipe 1 and the ventilation pipe 1 and The space between the fairing 4 and the protective cover 2 forms an exhaust passage.
  • the periphery of the outer wall of the ventilation pipe 1 and the structure wall 5 are installed in a sealed manner.
  • the working process of the device is as follows: when there is an incoming wind in any direction outside the device, after being diverted by the fairing 4, when the incoming wind flows through the lower port of the fairing 4, negative pressure and suction are generated, and the indoor gas Through the air inlet of the lower port of the ventilation pipe 1, it enters the ventilation pipe, and then passes through the upper port of the ventilation pipe 1 and the exhaust passage between the fairing 4, the protective cover 2 and the ventilation pipe 1, and finally from the lower part of the fairing 1.
  • the port is discharged to the outer space; when there is no wind outside and there is hot air in the room, the hot air will rise through the ventilation pipe 1 by buoyancy, and be discharged to the outer space through the exhaust channel. Through computer simulation and physical experiments, the device will not produce the phenomenon of "backward wind” and "cross-wind".
  • the device can also be used for ventilation and heat dissipation in outdoor boxes, such as ventilation and heat dissipation of transformer boxes.

Abstract

本发明提供了一种排气装置，包括通气管、防护罩、支撑体，在通气管与防护罩之间设有整流罩，整流罩是一平截圆锥壳体，通气管是一两端通气的管体，通气管的上端口外缘尺寸小于整流罩的下端口外缘尺寸，整流罩的上端口与防护罩下部连接，通气管的上端口插入整流罩的下端口，通气管与整流罩之间通过支撑体连接，通气管、整流罩与防护罩之间构成的空间形成排气通道。整流罩与通气管对来流具有导流整流作用，对室内气体有抽吸作用。该装置能利用自然风力和室内热空气浮力排气，气流不会倒灌，无转动部件，无需外加风向跟踪装置，结构简单、成本低、寿命长、无噪声、排气效率高。用于构筑物需要排气或通风散热的场所。

Description

一种排气装置 技术领域
本发明涉及空气动力学、热力学领域，特别涉及利用自然风及构筑物内热空气自然排气的装置。
背景技术
随着化石能源的消耗殆尽及其污染环境，人们越来越重视对可再生能源的利用，风能等作为可再生能源在诸多方面得到利用，其中，在通风排气方面已得到一定推广。
现在，人们常见的几种利用自然风的排气装置包括：(1)球形“无动力风机”，这种排气装置利用自然来风推动风轮旋转，产生离心作用，加上建筑空间内的热气浮力作用，排出室内污浊气体。它的优点：一是造型美观；二是对水平各向来风自动适应。它的缺点：一是连续转动的轴承易损且易产生较大噪声；二是排风量较低；三是制造工艺较复杂，材料用量较多；四是容易产生气流倒灌。(2)文丘里管式排气装置，这种装置利用自然来风经过喷管或拉瓦尔喷管时产生的低压区抽吸室内的污浊空气。它的优点：一是结构简单，制造工艺简单；二是成本较低。它的缺点是一般要加风向跟踪装置。(3)翼型排气装置，例如本发明人发明的：专利号201010594258.0的一种抽排风装置，它的优点：一是结构较简单；二是不需要高速转动，基本不用维护。它的缺点是要加风向跟踪装置。(4)聚风抽吸式排气装置，例如本发明人发明的：专利号201010241209.9的一种产生有序流装置，具有换风功能，它的优点：一是结构较简单，无需对风装置；二是无转动部件，不用维护。它的缺点是工艺较复杂，材料用量较多。(5)直管+防护罩式：这是一种最传统的排气装置，它的优点是结构十分简单。缺点：一是来风切入方向或安装方向不合适时会产生倒灌风现象；二是排气效率较低。(6)筒形风帽：已经实现国家标准化产品，但结构复杂，需要加滴水接水装置。(7)伞形风帽：已经实现国家标准化产品，结构简单，但由于伞形防护罩的底部外缘与通气筒出气口之间需要留有较大过流空间，造成防雨雪、防虫、防鸟效果差；来风切入方向或安装方向不合适时会产生倒灌风现象。(8)锥形风帽：已经实现国家标准化产品，但防虫防鸟及防杂物进入效果差，需要设置接水装置。(9)百叶窗式：优点：无转动部件、寿命长，但易产生倒灌风现象，抽风效果差。(10)百叶窗+挡风围栏式：优点是无转动部件，但这种产品易进入杂物，体积大、材料用量多、造价高。
现在各种多层住宅遇到的头痛问题之一是：各层之间的卫生间和厨房相互“串气”问题。分析其根本原因是现有建筑物顶部的排气楼不能有效产生负压，导致抽排气效果差， 以及排气风帽结构设计不合理造成来风产生“倒灌”现象。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是：寻求一种能利用自然风力和室内热气体排气的结构简单、易于制造、成本低廉、无转动易损部件、免维护、启动风速低、效率高、不倒灌风、防护功能齐全的装置。
为达到上述目的和解决上述技术问题，本发明提出的技术方案是：
一种排气装置，包括通气管、防护罩、支撑体，所述通气管是一上端口和下端口可通气的管体，所述防护罩是一壳体，该壳体可以是弧形或正球冠形或正锥形壳体或平板形或其它形状的壳体；在通气管与防护罩之间装有整流罩，所述整流罩是一平截圆锥壳体或平截圆锥多面壳体或类似壳体；整流罩的上端口外缘尺寸小于或等于防护罩的下部外缘尺寸，所述通气管的上端口外缘尺寸小于整流罩的下端口外缘尺寸，整流罩的上端口与所述防护罩下部连接，通气管的上端口插入整流罩的下端口，通气管的上端口与整流罩的下端口之间的距离大于3毫米，通气管与整流罩之间通过支撑体连接，通气管的下端口穿过构筑物壁与构筑物内空间连通；通气管内及通气管与整流罩、防护罩之间的空间形成排气通道。通气管的外壁周边可以直接或通过基座与构筑物之间密封安装。
整流罩的作用：当整流罩是一平截倒圆锥壳体或平截倒圆锥多面壳体时，其作用：一是整流罩可以使水平来流的二维层流的流动转换成三维流动，即产生向下的轴向气流流动分量，以提高整流罩与通气管之间的排气口的抽吸效果。二是整流罩与插入其内的通气管的上端口及防护罩一起配合防止气流倒灌和防止雨雪、鸟类等进入通气管内。根据空气动力学的附壁效应或科恩达效应原理，该装置具有对外来气流导流和对室内气体抽排双重作用，室内需要的新风从构筑物的其它通道中进入。该装置不同于已有的“无动力风机”和塔形自然通风装置的新风从导风通气管一侧进入，污浊气体从导风通气管另一侧排出，造成新风和污浊气体在通气管内及进口附近混合，所排气体中既有新风又有污浊气体的现象。当整流罩是一平截正圆锥壳体或平截正圆锥多面壳体时，水平来流也会在整流罩与通气管之间产生负压和抽吸作用。
所述通气管是一上端口和下端口可通气的管体，可以是上端口和下端口开放，也可以是通气管的上下端口封闭，而在上下端口处的侧壁上开有若干通气口。可以是圆形管筒或多边形管或锥形管，其各端部是与管中部等径或缩径或扩径的异形管；根据工程工况的需要，整体管路沿轴线可以是直管也可以是弯管。防护罩可以是非透明材料，也可以是透明材料，特别是当防护罩采用透明材料、整流罩和通气管内壁设有反光面、通气管下端口间隔一 定通气距离安装漫射器时，该装置具有导光作用。该装置的工作过程是：当外部有任意方向的来风吹向该装置，经整流罩导流后，来风流过整流罩的下端口时，产生负压和抽吸作用，室内的气体经通气管的进气口进入通气管内，再经通气管的上端口、整流罩与防护罩和通气管之间的排气通道，最终从整流罩的下端口排到外空间；当外部无风，室内有热空气时，热空气会产生浮力，使气体通气管上升并经排气通道排到外空间，浮力大小遵循气体方程的要素关系。经计算机仿真和实物实验该装置不会产生“倒灌风”、“串风”现象。该装置还可用于室外箱体内的通风散热。该装置的各种零部件可以是金属件、非金属复合材料、混凝土水泥等。所述支撑体是指若干均布与整流罩内壁与通气管外壁之间的支撑杆或支撑板。
上述的一种排气装置，可供选择的技术方案是：所述整流罩是一上端口截面积大于下端口截面积的平截倒圆锥壳体或平截倒圆锥多面壳体。平截倒圆锥整流罩可以使水平来流的二维层流的流动转换成三维流动，即产生向下的轴向气流流动分量，以提高整流罩与通气管之间的排气口的抽吸效果。该装置与不带整流罩的伞形风帽相比具有明显的防气流“倒灌”作用和防雨雪、防虫、防鸟作用。
上述的一种排气装置，可供选择的技术方案是：所述整流罩是一上端口截面积小于下端口截面积的平截正圆锥壳体或平截正圆锥多面壳体。水平来流也会在平截正圆锥整流罩与通气管之间产生负压和抽吸作用。
上述的一种排气装置，可供选择的技术方案是：在所述排气通道内安装有动力抽气风扇。所述动力抽气风扇，可以是电动抽气风扇，也可以是气动或液动抽气风扇；可以是外转子风扇，也可以是内转子风扇；抽气风扇可以安装在通气管内，也可以安装在整流罩与通气管之间。
上述的一种排气装置，可供选择的技术方案是：在所述排气通道内安装有气体开关阀。所述气体开关阀，根据不同工况和结构要求，可以采用手动阀，也可以采用电动、气动或液动阀；可以是蝶形阀，也可以是旋转叶片阀或旋启阀。可以是普通气体开关阀，也可以是保温防火气体开关阀。当通气管下端口封闭、通气管下端口外壁周围开设若干通气口时，还可以采用安装在通气管下端口外壁上的波纹管式伸缩阀。
上述的一种排气装置，改进的技术方案是：所述通气管是一上端口截面积小于下端口截面积的扩张管。这种结构便于室内气体的聚集流动。
上述的一种排气装置，改进的技术方案是：所述通气管是一上端口和下端口截面积大于中间段截面积的两端扩张的管筒。这种结构既便于室内气体的聚集流动，又便于气流扩压，提高排气效率。
上述的一种排气装置，可供选择的技术方案是：在排气通道内设有防护网，防护网防止无外来风和室内温度低时虫类等微小生物的进入。
上述的一种排气装置，可供选择的技术方案是：在排气通道内设有过滤网，过滤网可过滤室内污浊气体。
上述的一种排气装置，可供选择的技术方案是：在所述排气通道内设有环形空气放大器，环形空气放大器的出气喷射方向朝向排气方向，空气放大器的进气口通过管路及风速传感控制器连接到压缩空气源。所述空气放大器又称空气倍增器或称无叶风扇或空气诱导器。根据科恩达效应原理，空气放大器喷出的高速气体可以带动其周边的空气流动排气。所述空气放大器是单面翼形或双面翼形空气诱导器或由多个喷嘴组成的环形空气诱导器。
上述的一种排气装置，改进的技术方案是：所述通气管的上端口是向外卷曲扩张的管口。这种结构有利于减小风阻，提高排气效果。
上述的一种排气装置，改进的技术方案是：在防护罩的底部与通气口上端口之间的中轴线上设有导流锥，所述导流锥是一倒圆锥体，倒圆锥体上部与防护罩底部连接。导流锥对内部气流有整流导流作用。
上述的一种排气装置，改进的技术方案是：所述整流罩是由两个或两个以上尺寸不同的平截倒圆锥壳体叠置而成，叠置的两个相邻整流罩之间留有通气空间并设有支撑体。该方案对于大型排气装置具有提高来流利用率，增加排气量的作用。
有益效果：(1)在结构特性方面，该装置能实现利用自然风力排气，无转动部件，无需风向跟踪装置，只要装置采用的材料有足够强度，可适应高风速要求；另外，该装置因结构简单、体积小、成本低、寿命长、无噪声。(2)在排气性能方面，启动风速低，经实物测试，该装置的通风管有效直径200mm与市场上普遍使用的通风管有效直径500mm的球形旋转“无动力风机”相比，本装置在外来风速1.3m/s时就可启动排气，排气速度达1.0m/s，而“无动力风机”的启动风速需1.7m/s以上才可启动旋转；外来风速在2.5m/s时，该装置的排气速度达到1.6m/s，而球形“无动力风机”只达到1.5m/s；在外来风速4.5m/s时，该装置的排气速度达到2.7m/s，而球形“无动力风机”只达到2.5m/s；在外来风速11m/s时，该装置的排气速度达到6.5m/s，而球形“无动力风机”只达到6m/s，相比“无动力风机”，通风效率得到了提高。另外，该装置具有对外来气流导流和对室内气体抽排作用，倾斜正负30°也不会产生气流倒灌现象。(3)在生态节能方面，该装置的广泛应用可节约化石能源，减少污染物排放，还可加快被排气空间内的生物体的生长速度，提高生物的免疫力等。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。
附图说明：
附图1为本发明的一种排气装置的结构示意图。
图中：1.通气管,2.防护罩，3.支撑体，4.整流罩，5.构筑物壁。
图中：带箭头的实线代表外部来流流线；带箭头的两点划线代表室内气体流线。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明，以下实施例旨在说明本发明，而不是对本发明的进一步限定。
图1所示的一种排气装置，包括通气管1、防护罩2、支撑体3，所述通气管1是一上端口和下端口开放的并向外扩张的管体，所述防护罩2是一正球冠形壳体；在通气管1与防护罩之间装有整流罩4，所述整流罩4是一上端口截面积大于下端口截面积的平截倒圆锥壳体，锥体外表面与中心轴线之间的夹角30°，整流罩4的上端口外缘尺寸小于防护罩2的下部外缘尺寸，所述通气管1的上端口外缘尺寸小于整流罩4的下端口外缘尺寸，整流罩4的上端口与所述防护罩2下部内壁连接，通气管1的上端口插入整流罩4的下端口，通气管1的上端口与整流罩4的下端口之间的距离6毫米，通气管1与整流罩4之间通过支撑体3连接，通气管1的下端口穿过构筑物壁5，并与构筑物壁5的内空间连通，通气管1内及通气管1与整流罩4、防护罩2之间的空间形成排气通道。通气管1的外壁周边与构筑物壁5之间密封安装。该装置的工作过程是：当外部有任意方向的来风吹向该装置，经整流罩4导流后，来风流过整流罩4的下端口时，产生负压和抽吸作用，室内的气体经通气管1的下端口的进气口进入通气管内，再经通气管1的上端口、及整流罩4与防护罩2和通气管1之间的排气通道，最终从整流罩1的下端口排到外空间；当外部无风，室内有热空气时，热空气会靠浮力使其通过通气管1上升，并经排气通道排到外空间。经计算机仿真和实物实验该装置不会产生“倒灌风”、“串风”现象。该装置还可用于室外的箱体内的通风散热，例如变电箱的通风散热等。
尽管已结合优选实施方案描述了本发明装置，但是本发明不限于本文及附图中所表述的具体结构形式，相反，其目的在于覆盖所述权利要求书限定的本发明范围内的各种替代方式、各种特征要素的再组合所衍生的等同体和装置。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种排气装置，包括通气管、防护罩、支撑体，所述通气管是一上端口和下端口可通气的管体，所述防护罩是一壳体，其特征在于：在通气管与防护罩之间装有整流罩，所述整流罩是一平截圆锥壳体或平截圆锥多面壳体，整流罩的上端口外缘尺寸小于或等于防护罩的下部外缘尺寸，所述通气管的上端口外缘尺寸小于整流罩的下端口外缘尺寸，整流罩的上端口与所述防护罩下部连接，通气管的上端口插入整流罩的下端口，通气管的上端口与整流罩的下端口之间的距离大于3毫米，通气管与整流罩之间通过支撑体连接，通气管的下端口穿过构筑物壁与构筑物壁内空间连通，通气管内及通气管与整流罩、防护罩之间的空间形成排气通道。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种排气装置，其特征在于：所述整流罩是一上端口截面积大于下端口截面积的平截倒圆锥壳体或平截倒圆锥多面壳体。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种排气装置，其特征在于：所述整流罩是一上端口截面积小于下端口截面积的平截正圆锥壳体或平截正圆锥多面壳体。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的一种排气装置，其特征在于：在所述排气通道内安装有动力抽气风扇。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的一种排气装置，其特征在于：在所述排气通道内安装有气体开关阀。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的一种排气装置，其特征在于：所述通气管是一上端口和下端口截面积大于中间段截面积的两端扩张的管筒。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种排气装置，其特征在于：在所述排气通道内设有环形空气放大器，环形空气放大器的出气喷射方向朝向排气方向，空气放大器的进气口通过管路及风速传感控制器连接到压缩空气源。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的一种排气装置，其特征在于：所述通气管的上端口是向外卷曲扩张的开口。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的一种排气装置，其特征在于：在防护罩的底部与通气口上端口之间的中轴线上设有导流锥，所述导流锥是一倒圆锥体，倒圆锥体上部与防护罩底部连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种排气装置，其特征在于：所述整流罩是由两个或两个以上尺寸不同的平截倒圆锥壳体叠置而成，两个相邻整流罩之间留有通气空间并设有支撑体。
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