WO2022174770A1 - 时延测量方法及设备 - Google Patents

时延测量方法及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022174770A1
WO2022174770A1 PCT/CN2022/076494 CN2022076494W WO2022174770A1 WO 2022174770 A1 WO2022174770 A1 WO 2022174770A1 CN 2022076494 W CN2022076494 W CN 2022076494W WO 2022174770 A1 WO2022174770 A1 WO 2022174770A1
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packet
timestamp
delay
sending
receiving
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PCT/CN2022/076494
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黎阳
孙滔
杨红伟
陆璐
段晓东
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中国移动通信有限公司研究院
中国移动通信集团有限公司
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Publication of WO2022174770A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022174770A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0852—Delays

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  • the present application relates to the field of mobile communication technologies, and in particular, to a method and device for measuring time delay.
  • the service level agreement (SLA) guarantee of network quality is becoming more and more important.
  • SLA service level agreement
  • different 5G services have different requirements for network performance indicators such as delay, jitter, packet loss, and bandwidth, as shown in Table 1.
  • the definition of the delay index of 5G network is the end-to-end one-way delay of the network.
  • a common scenario for network end-to-end one-way delay measurement such as a 5G network high-definition video surveillance service scenario, is shown in Figure 1.
  • One end of the network is the access device for high-definition video surveillance services, as shown in the user access side on the left in the figure; the other end of the network is the video server (which can be expressed as server in English); the end-to-end one-way delay measurement of the above network is
  • the one-way delay from the video surveillance user access side to the video server user side consists of multiple parts such as wireless network, transmission network, core network, and Internet Protocol (IP) bearer network.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • At least one embodiment of the present application provides a time delay measurement method, a terminal, and a network device.
  • At least one embodiment provides a method for measuring time delay, including:
  • the second device receives the first reference packet sent by the first device, records the first reception timestamp of the first reference packet, and extracts the first transmission timestamp from the first reference packet; and receives the first reference packet For the first tested packet sent by the device, record the second received timestamp of the first tested packet, and extract the second sent timestamp from the first tested packet;
  • the second device transmits the first reference time from the first device to the second device according to the first transmit timestamp, the first receive timestamp, the second transmit timestamp, the second receive timestamp and the first reference packet delay-related information, and calculate the transmission delay of the first measured packet from the first device to the second device; wherein, the first reference packet is transmitted from the first device to the second device using end-to-end transmission Delay guarantee technology.
  • the transmission of the reference packet from the first device to the second according to the first transmit timestamp, the first receive timestamp, the second transmit timestamp, the second receive timestamp and the reference packet The first reference delay related information of the device is used to calculate the transmission delay of the first measured packet from the first device to the second device, including:
  • Dtarget Tr2+Ts1-Tr1-Ts2+Dref
  • Ts1, Ts2, Tr1, Tr2 and Dref respectively represent the first sending timestamp, second sending timestamp, first receiving timestamp, second receiving timestamp and first reference delay related information
  • Dtarget represents The transmission delay of the first measured packet being transmitted from the first device to the second device.
  • the method before calculating the transmission delay of the first measured packet from the first device to the second device, the method further includes:
  • first device as a sending device and the second device as a receiving device, look up the reference delay information table to obtain first reference delay related information of the first reference packet transmitted from the first device to the second device.
  • the second device receiving the first reference packet sent by the first device specifically includes:
  • the second device receives at least one reference packet sent by the first device, and selects, from the at least one reference packet, a reference packet that is closest to the first measured packet in reception time as the The first reference grouping.
  • the reference delay related information of the reference packet transmitted between the sending device and the receiving device is obtained according to the following steps:
  • the network forwarding device applies the preset scheduling and priority forwarding technology to forward the reference packet, and the sum of the processing delay of the reference packet inside the device and the queue buffering delay is equal to the Equal length period T;
  • the reference delay related information of the reference packet transmitted between the sending device and the receiving device is obtained according to the following steps:
  • a global satellite navigation system module is respectively connected to the sending device and the receiving device, and the global satellite navigation system module is time-synchronized to the sending device and the receiving device;
  • the reference delay related information of the reference packet transmitted from the sending device to the receiving device is calculated and obtained.
  • both the first reference packet and the first measured packet include a measurement header, and the measurement header includes the identifier of the first device as the sending device, and the first device as the receiving device.
  • the identifier of the second device, and the corresponding sending timestamp are included in both the first reference packet and the first measured packet.
  • At least one embodiment provides a method for measuring time delay, including:
  • the first device adds a first transmission time stamp to the first reference packet, and sends the first reference packet to the second device; and, adds a second transmission time stamp to the first measured packet, and sends the second transmission time stamp to the second device.
  • the first tested packet wherein, the transmission of the first reference packet from the first device to the second device adopts an end-to-end transmission delay guarantee technology.
  • both the first reference packet and the first measured packet include a measurement header, and the measurement header includes the identifier of the first device as the sending device, and the first device as the receiving device.
  • the identifier of the second device, and the corresponding sending timestamp are included in both the first reference packet and the first measured packet.
  • the ingress timestamp module is configured to record the first reception timestamp of the first reference packet when receiving the first reference packet sent by the first device, and, when receiving the first reference packet, When the first tested packet is sent by the first device, record the second received timestamp of the first tested packet;
  • a decapsulation module configured to extract a first transmission timestamp from the first reference packet; and extract a second transmission timestamp from the first measured packet;
  • a delay calculation module configured to transmit the first time stamp from the first device to the second device according to the first sending time stamp, the first receiving time stamp, the second sending time stamp, the second receiving time stamp and the first reference packet Calculate the transmission delay of the first measured packet from the first device to the second device with reference to the information related to the delay; wherein, the first reference packet is transmitted from the first device to the second device using an end-to-end method. End-to-end transmission delay guarantee technology.
  • the delay calculation module is further configured to calculate the transmission delay of the first measured packet from the first device to the second device according to the following formula:
  • Dtarget Tr2+Ts1-Tr1-Ts2+Dref
  • Ts1, Ts2, Tr1, Tr2 and Dref respectively represent the first sending timestamp, second sending timestamp, first receiving timestamp, second receiving timestamp and first reference delay related information
  • Dtarget represents The transmission delay of the first measured packet being transmitted from the first device to the second device.
  • the second device further includes:
  • the reference delay search module is configured to use the first device as a sending device and the second device as a receiving device, look up the reference delay information table, and obtain the first reference packet transmitted from the first device to the second device.
  • a reference delay related information is configured to use the first device as a sending device and the second device as a receiving device, look up the reference delay information table, and obtain the first reference packet transmitted from the first device to the second device.
  • the first reference packet is a reference packet that is closest in reception time to the first measured packet.
  • the second device further includes:
  • the first reference delay obtaining module is configured to obtain the reference delay related information of the reference packet transmitted between the sending device and the receiving device according to the following steps:
  • the network forwarding device applies the preset scheduling and priority forwarding technology to forward the reference packet, and the sum of the processing delay of the reference packet inside the device and the queue buffering delay is equal to the Equal length period T;
  • the second device further includes:
  • the second reference delay obtaining module is configured to obtain the reference delay related information of the reference packet transmitted between the sending device and the receiving device according to the following steps:
  • a global satellite navigation system module is respectively connected to the sending device and the receiving device, and the global satellite navigation system module is time-synchronized to the sending device and the receiving device;
  • the reference delay related information of the reference packet transmitted from the sending device to the receiving device is calculated and obtained.
  • both the first reference packet and the first measured packet include a measurement header, and the measurement header includes the identifier of the first device as the sending device, and the first device as the receiving device.
  • the identifier of the second device, and the corresponding sending timestamp are included in both the first reference packet and the first measured packet.
  • At least one embodiment provides a second device including a transceiver and a processor, wherein,
  • the transceiver configured to receive a first reference packet sent by a first device, record a first reception timestamp of the first reference packet, and extract a first transmission timestamp from the first reference packet; and, receive For the first tested packet sent by the first device, record the second received timestamp of the first tested packet, and extract the second sent timestamp from the first tested packet;
  • the processor is configured to transmit a first time stamp from the first device to the second device according to the first transmit timestamp, the first receive timestamp, the second transmit timestamp, the second receive timestamp and the first reference packet Calculate the transmission delay of the first measured packet from the first device to the second device with reference to the information related to the delay; wherein, the first reference packet is transmitted from the first device to the second device using an end-to-end method. End-to-end transmission delay guarantee technology.
  • the processor is further configured to calculate the transmission delay of the first measured packet from the first device to the second device according to the following formula:
  • Dtarget Tr2+Ts1-Tr1-Ts2+Dref
  • Ts1, Ts2, Tr1, Tr2 and Dref respectively represent the first sending timestamp, second sending timestamp, first receiving timestamp, second receiving timestamp and first reference delay related information
  • Dtarget represents The transmission delay related information of the first measured packet transmitted from the first device to the second device.
  • At least one embodiment provides a second device, comprising: a processor, a memory, and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the program being The processor implements the steps of the method described above when executed.
  • At least one embodiment provides a first device, comprising:
  • an egress timestamp module configured to add a first transmission time stamp to the first reference packet, and to add a second transmission time stamp to the first measured packet, wherein the first reference packet is sent from the first device to the second device
  • the transmission adopts end-to-end transmission delay guarantee technology
  • An encapsulation module configured to encapsulate the first sending timestamp in a first reference packet, send the first reference packet to a second device, and encapsulate the second sending timestamp in a first measured into the packet, and send the first tested packet to the second device.
  • both the first reference packet and the first measured packet include a measurement header, and the measurement header includes the identifier of the first device as the sending device, and the first device as the receiving device.
  • the encapsulation module is further configured to encapsulate the first transmission timestamp, the identifiers of the first device and the second device in the measurement header of the first reference packet, and to encapsulate the second transmission timestamp, the first The identities of the device and the second device are encapsulated in the measurement header of the first packet under test.
  • At least one embodiment provides a first device including a transceiver and a processor, wherein,
  • the processor is configured to add a first transmission time stamp to the first reference packet, and to add a second transmission time stamp to the first measured packet, wherein the first reference packet is sent from the first device to the second device
  • the transmission adopts end-to-end transmission delay guarantee technology
  • the transceiver is configured to encapsulate the first transmit timestamp in a first reference packet, transmit the first reference packet to a second device, and encapsulate the second transmit timestamp in a first reference packet in the tested packet, and send the first tested packet to the second device.
  • At least one embodiment provides a first device comprising: a processor, a memory, and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the program being The processor implements the steps of the method described above when executed.
  • At least one embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method is implemented. step.
  • the delay measurement method and device provided by the embodiments of the present application use the stable transmission delay characteristic of the reference packet to calculate the transmission delay of the measured packet, which can improve the accuracy of the end-to-end one-way delay measurement result of the network. accuracy, simplify the measurement process and reduce measurement costs.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a common scenario of network end-to-end one-way delay measurement
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a network end-to-end one-way delay measurement solution
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another network end-to-end one-way delay measurement solution
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a delay measurement scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart when the time delay measurement method according to the embodiment of the present application is applied to the second device side;
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart when the time delay measurement method according to the embodiment of the present application is applied to the first device side;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a method for measuring time delay according to an embodiment of the present application at a receiving end and a transmitting end;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an end-to-end transmission delay provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a first device and a second device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is another schematic structural diagram of a second device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is another schematic structural diagram of a first device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the technical solutions for one-way delay measurement are divided into two categories: the first is a one-way delay measurement solution based on round trip communication delay (RTT); the second is a one-way delay measurement solution based on precise end-to-end time synchronization. Towards the delay measurement scheme.
  • the one-way delay measurement scheme based on the round-trip communication delay is shown in Figure 2.
  • the network measurement probe at the source end sends the test packet;
  • the network measurement probe at the destination end reflects the received test packet (without processing, it is sent back to the source end directly); after the source end receives the test packet reflected by the destination end, it can obtain round-trip communication time delay.
  • the end-to-end one-way delay can be approximated by dividing the round-trip communication delay by 2.
  • the one-way delay measurement scheme based on precise end-to-end time synchronization is shown in Figure 3.
  • the source-end network measurement probe sends a test packet with an accurate egress timestamp, and when the destination receives the test packet, an accurate entry timestamp is added. Since the source end and the destination end have performed end-to-end time synchronization, the end-to-end one-way delay can be obtained by subtracting the ingress timestamp from the egress timestamp.
  • the measurement accuracy of the one-way delay measurement scheme based on the round-trip communication delay cannot meet the application requirements. Since the uplink delay and downlink delay of network applications (such as 5G networks) are usually not equal, the round-trip communication delay is divided by 2 to approximate the end-to-end one-way delay with low accuracy. It cannot meet the requirement of accurately measuring the end-to-end one-way delay.
  • the one-way delay measurement solution based on accurate end-to-end time synchronization needs to rely on accurate time synchronization, and the deployment cost is high and the deployment technology is difficult.
  • the time synchronization solution based on the GPS module in the actual deployment scenario, the equipment room is located underground or in other spaces without GPS signals, so it is impossible to continuously obtain GPS clock information for time synchronization.
  • the 1588v2-based time synchronization solution it is necessary to deploy the entire network time synchronization end-to-end, that is, each device in the wireless network, transmission network, core network and IP bearer network must support the 1588v2 synchronization protocol, which is difficult for the current network to achieve.
  • the entire network supports 1588v2.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a delay measurement method, which can accurately measure the end-to-end delay by using the characteristic that the reference packet has a stable transmission delay during the end-to-end transmission process without deploying clock synchronization.
  • One-way network delay simplifies the measurement process and reduces measurement costs.
  • the delay measurement method provided by the embodiment of the present application is used to measure the network end-to-end one-way delay from a first device (transmitting end device) to a second device (receiving end device).
  • packet 1 is a reference packet (eg, the first reference packet)
  • packet 2 is a measured packet (eg, the first measured packet) .
  • the end-to-end one-way delay of the reference packet with stable delay in the network can be used as the reference delay related information Dref, and the reference delay value indicated by the reference delay related information is known in advance and the jitter is extremely low.
  • a pre-acquired reference delay value may be used to calculate the transmission delay of the tested packet, and the reference delay related information may be stored in the reference delay information table shown in Table 4 below.
  • Table 4 the reference delay information table shown in Table 4 below.
  • the network end-to-end one-way delay from the sender to the receiver is measured, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the network intermediate devices other than the network end-side devices are hidden in FIG. 4 , and the actual sender and receiver may be the network measurement probe devices shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the method includes:
  • Step 501 the second device receives the first reference packet sent by the first device, records the first reception timestamp of the first reference packet, and extracts the first transmission timestamp from the first reference packet;
  • the first tested packet sent by the first device is recorded, the second received timestamp of the first tested packet is recorded, and the second sent timestamp is extracted from the first tested packet.
  • the first reference packet is a reference packet
  • the first device can send at least one reference packet to the second device, and the transmission of the reference packet from the first device to the second device adopts the end-to-end transmission delay guarantee technology .
  • the first device may periodically send the reference packet to the second device according to a preset sending period; for another example, the first device may dynamically adjust the reference packet according to indicators such as link idle rate or hardware processing pressure of the device transmission frequency.
  • the transmission frequency may be positively correlated with the link idle rate, or negatively correlated with the device hardware processing pressure.
  • the end-to-end transmission delay guarantee technology can make the end-to-end one-way delay of the reference packet (such as the first reference packet) to have a stable value, and the jitter is extremely small.
  • the packet under test and the reference packet may be sent on the first device side of the transmitting end, and a sending time stamp may be added to the packet; then , and record the receiving timestamp of the above-mentioned packet on the second device side of the receiving end.
  • the first measured packet a certain tested packet (herein referred to as the first measured packet) and a reference packet with the smallest difference between the received timestamp of the first measured packet (herein referred to as the first measured packet) can be preferentially selected for the first reference grouping) for subsequent calculations.
  • the first reference packet is a reference packet closest to the first measured packet in terms of reception time. That is, the first reference packet may be a reference packet received before the first measured packet is received, or a reference packet received after the first measured packet is received, or it may be the same as the first measured packet. The reference packet received at the same time as the test packet.
  • Step 502 the second device transmits the first reference from the first device to the second device according to the first sending time stamp, the first receiving time stamp, the second sending time stamp, the second receiving time stamp and the reference packet. Delay-related information, and calculate the transmission delay of the first measured packet from the first device to the second device.
  • the specific manner of calculating the transmission delay of the first packet under test from the first device to the second device may include: calculating the transmission delay of the first packet under test from the first device to the second device according to the following formula Latency:
  • Dtarget Tr2+Ts1-Tr1-Ts2+Dref (Formula 1)
  • Ts1, Ts2, Tr1, Tr2 and Dref respectively represent the first sending timestamp, second sending timestamp, first receiving timestamp, second receiving timestamp and first reference delay related information
  • Dtarget represents The transmission delay of the first measured packet being transmitted from the first device to the second device.
  • the above formula 1 includes multiple parameters.
  • the first sum of the second receiving timestamp and the first sending timestamp can be calculated first; the first receiving timestamp and the second sending timestamp can be calculated. Then, calculate the difference between the first sum and the second sum, and calculate the third sum of the difference and the first reference delay related information, to obtain the first The transmission delay of a measured packet from the first device to the second device.
  • the above formula 1 can be expressed in the form of the following formula 1A:
  • the sum or difference of two or more parameters can be arbitrarily calculated first, and then the transmission delay can be finally obtained. That is to say, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the order of calculating the sum and difference between the above parameters, and any calculation order that can use the above parameters to obtain the final transmission delay can be applied to the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application uses the characteristic that the reference packet has a stable transmission delay in the end-to-end transmission process to calculate the transmission delay of the measured packet, so that the transmission delay can be realized without deploying a synchronous clock in the network.
  • the real-time measurement can be obtained, and more accurate measurement results can be obtained, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement results, simplifying the measurement process and reducing the measurement cost.
  • the reference delay related information of the reference packet transmitted between the sending device and the receiving device may be acquired in advance, and the reference delay transmitted between different sending devices and receiving devices according to the reference packet
  • a reference delay information table is established, and the table includes reference delay related information of reference packets transmitted between multiple groups of sending devices and receiving devices. All or part of the above reference delay information table may be stored in the second device.
  • the reference delay modification information corresponding to different sending devices may be stored with the second device as the receiving device.
  • the reference delay related information usually includes a specific value of the reference delay, which may be specifically expressed in the form of a maximum value, a minimum value, and an average value of the reference delay.
  • the average value of the reference delay time can be used for calculation, and the maximum value or the minimum value of the reference time delay can also be used for calculation.
  • the reference delay related information may further include information such as the level (eg, microsecond level) or size (eg, 50 microseconds) of the delay jitter corresponding to the reference delay.
  • the second device uses the first device as the sending device and the second device as the receiving device, searches the reference delay information table, and obtains that the first reference packet is transmitted from the first device to the second device The first reference delay related information of the device, so that delay calculation is performed in step 502 .
  • the reference delay related information of the reference packet transmitted between the sending device and the receiving device can be obtained according to the following steps:
  • the network forwarding device applies the preset scheduling and priority forwarding technology to forward the reference packet, and the sum of the processing delay of the reference packet inside the device and the queue buffering delay is equal to the Equal length period T;
  • the first method is particularly suitable for measuring the reference delay of the reference packet in the network using the deterministic network forwarding technology.
  • the reference delay related information of the reference packet transmitted between the sending device and the receiving device is obtained according to the following steps:
  • a global satellite navigation system module is respectively connected to the sending device and the receiving device, and the global satellite navigation system module is time-synchronized to the sending device and the receiving device;
  • the reference delay related information of the reference packet transmitted from the sending device to the receiving device is calculated and obtained.
  • the second method is particularly suitable for networks using technologies such as end-to-end network slicing, and of course, it can also be applied to networks using deterministic network forwarding technology.
  • the method when the time delay measurement method is applied to the second device on the receiving end side, the method includes:
  • Step 601 the first device adds a first sending time stamp to the first reference packet, and sends the first reference packet to the second device; and adds a second sending time stamp to the first measured packet, and sends the second The device sends the first measured packet.
  • the transmission of the first reference packet from the first device to the second device adopts an end-to-end transmission delay guarantee technology.
  • the first device at the transmitting end can send the reference packet and the packet under test and carry the transmission time stamp, so that the device at the receiving end can calculate the transmission delay of the packet under test accordingly, so as to use the reference packet It has stable delay characteristics to calculate the delay of the tested packet, which simplifies the delay measurement process and improves the accuracy of the delay result.
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of the measurement process at the transmitter and receiver.
  • sending a reference packet specifically includes: the first step, the sender prepares to send a reference packet, denoted as packet 1; the second step, the sender prints the export timestamp Ts1 for the reference packet; the third step, the sender sends The egress timestamp of the reference packet is recorded in the measurement header of packet 1; in the fourth step, the sender sends the reference packet.
  • the tested packet is sent, which specifically includes: the first step, the sender prepares to send a tested packet, which is recorded as packet 2; the second step, the sender prints the export timestamp Ts2 for the reference packet; In the third step, the sender records the egress timestamp of the tested packet in the measurement header of packet 2; in the fourth step, the sender sends the tested packet.
  • the sending end can send reference packets according to a fixed frequency or adjust the sending frequency according to the link utilization rate, so that the measured packet can always find a nearby reference packet, so that the sending interval between packet 1 and packet 2 is small.
  • receiving the reference packet specifically includes: the first step, the reference packet arrives at the receiving end, and the receiving end accepts the reference packet; the second step, the receiving end matches the entry timestamp of the reference packet, denoted as Tr1; the third step, The receiving end decapsulates the reference packet to obtain the egress timestamp Ts1 of the transmitting end; in the fourth step, the receiving end records the timestamp information of Ts1 and Tr1; Find the key value, query the reference delay information table and record the reference delay search result Dref.
  • receiving the tested packet specifically includes: the first step, the tested packet arrives at the receiving end, and the receiving end accepts the tested packet; the second step, the receiving end matches the entry timestamp of the tested packet, which is marked as Tr2; In the third step, the receiving end decapsulates the tested packet and obtains the egress timestamp Ts2 of the transmitting end; in the fourth step, the receiving end records the timestamp information of Ts2 and Tr2; in the fifth step, the receiving end uses the recorded timestamp information Ts1 and Ts2 , Tr1, Tr2 and the reference delay related information Dref, calculate the one-way delay of the measured packet, and record it as Dtarget.
  • the one-way time of the measured packet is calculated according to the recorded timestamp information Ts1, Ts2, Tr1, Tr2 and the reference delay related information Dref. Extend the calculation process of Dtarget. For packet 1, subtract the sender's timestamp from the receiver's timestamp to get:
  • Tr1-Ts1 Dref+Offset1 (Formula 2)
  • Offset1 is the time offset between the sender and the receiver when packet 1 transmission occurs.
  • Tr2-Ts2 Dtarget+Offset2 (Formula 3)
  • Offset2 is the time offset between the sender and the receiver when the transmission of packet 2 occurs. Assuming that the transmission interval between packet 1 and packet 2 is short, it can be obtained that Offset1 and Offset2 are approximately equal. Subtract Equation 2 from Equation 3 to get:
  • the one-way delay value Dtarget of the tested packet can be calculated.
  • the reference group and the measurement group in this embodiment of the present application both include measurement heads.
  • the following provides a specific packaging structure of the measurement head.
  • the following structure is only one of the structures that can be used in the embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. .
  • the specific encapsulation of the measurement header is shown in Table 2, and the measurement information of the reference packet and the measured packet can be respectively encapsulated in the measurement header of the corresponding packet.
  • any encapsulation location that can provide enough byte space to carry the measurement header can be used in the protocol header, for example, the option field (maximum 40 bytes) in the TCP header to encapsulate the measurement header.
  • the position sequence of the encapsulation fields is not limited to those shown in Table 2.
  • the sender ID and the receiver ID are respectively 8 bits (bits), which mark the start point and the end point of the end-to-end measurement, that is, the sender/receiver pair.
  • the egress timestamp of the sending packet is 32 bits, and the egress timestamp of the sender is marked.
  • the egress timestamp of the sender of the reference packet and the packet under test correspond to Ts1 and Ts2 in Equation 4, respectively.
  • the reserved word is 16 bits, which can be used to carry other useful information, such as the port number of the receiver/sender, or the type (Kind) and length (Length) of the TCP option field.
  • the following introduces a specific way to obtain the reference delay related information of the reference packet transmitted between the sending device and the receiving device.
  • the end-to-end one-way delay of the network includes three parts, which are the transmission delay of the line, the internal processing delay of the device, and the internal queue buffering delay of the device, as shown in Figure 8.
  • the fixed part of the delay includes the line transmission delay and the internal processing delay of the device.
  • the line transmission delay is related to the transmission distance, about 5ns/meter. After the transmission path is determined, it is basically a fixed value.
  • the internal processing delay of the device includes the processing delay of the internal pipeline or processor of the device and the serial-to-parallel conversion delay of the interface. It is related to the in/out port rate, packet length, and packet forwarding behavior of the device.
  • the magnitude of the delay is microseconds, and after the chip design specifications are determined, it is basically a fixed value.
  • the variation of the delay is the delay of the internal buffer queue of the device.
  • the internal buffer queue delay of the device is related to the queue depth, outbound interface queue scheduling algorithm, packet priority, and packet length. Each device can reach microseconds or even milliseconds. Depending on the values of the above parameters, the delay varies greatly. Table 3 presents the characteristics of the various delays mentioned above.
  • Time-sensitive networks and deterministic networks are relatively fixed
  • the deterministic network forwarding technology that has been standardized in the IETF, by designing special queue scheduling algorithms and packet priorities, etc., can fix the internal queue buffering delay of the device in the end-to-end network, and its delay jitter is extremely low and Bounded, it can be approximated that the end-to-end one-way delay is a certain value.
  • the network packet transmitted by the above-mentioned deterministic network forwarding technology may be used as the reference packet, and the end-to-end one-way delay thereof may be used as the reference delay related information.
  • the method for obtaining the reference delay related information is not limited to the obtaining method based on a deterministic network, and the end-to-end transmission delay of any packet network with low delay jitter can potentially be used for the reference delay related information in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the network forwarding device applies the preset scheduling and priority forwarding technology to forward the reference packet, and the processing delay of the reference packet inside the network forwarding device and the queue buffering delay are equal. and equal to the equal length period T.
  • the network device in this embodiment first configures a preset network parameter; the reference delay theoretical value Dref0 of the reference packet can be calculated according to the configured preset network parameter, and the specific calculation method is as follows.
  • the special scheduling and priority policies implemented by network devices can greatly reduce the fluctuation of the internal queue cache delay of the device, and make the sum of the end-to-end device internal processing delay and internal queue cache delay It is only related to the equal-length period T configured by each end-to-end device.
  • the relationship between the end-to-end one-way delay and the equipment equal-length period T is as follows:
  • One-way delay total link transmission delay + 2T ⁇ number of hops
  • the first item in the above formula is the total link transmission delay, which can be calculated according to the link length and is a fixed value.
  • the second item in the above formula is the sum of the internal processing delay of the device and the internal queue buffering delay.
  • the number of hops may be predetermined according to the network topology and preconfigured source routing rules, and is a fixed value.
  • What needs to be configured is the equal-length period T of the network device. Assuming that the equal-length period value T of the configuration equipment is a typical value of 10 microseconds, the end-to-end one-way delay value can be obtained as a reference delay theoretical value.
  • the calculation formula of the delay jitter existing in the above theoretical value of one-way delay is as follows:
  • the theoretical value of the delay jitter of the above deterministic network is 20 microseconds.
  • the network traffic load may not be consistent with the network deployment and deployment, but the deterministic network scheduling and priority mechanism based on the configured network parameters can ensure that the actual experienced delay Dref2 of the reference group is related to the query.
  • the reference delay value Dref1 obtained from the table is basically the same, and the jitter value is within a bounded range that can be ignored.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide an apparatus for implementing the above method.
  • the one-way delay measurement device based on the reference delay includes two parts: a sending end and a receiving end.
  • the sending end and the receiving end both include time stamping modules; the exporting time stamping module of the sending end completes the function of time stamping the sent packets at the exit, and the ingress time stamping module of the receiving end completes the function of stamping the time stamping of the received packets at the entrance.
  • Precise egress and ingress timestamping at the physical or data link layer is a relatively common function of end-side NICs or similar network devices.
  • the reference delay lookup module is a lookup table, the lookup Key is the pair of sender ID and receiver ID, and the lookup result is the reference delay value and jitter value; the data structure of the reference delay lookup table is shown in Table 4.
  • the reference delay look-up table of each receiving end only needs to store the entry of the receiving end as the device (for example, the reference delay look-up table of the receiving end B does not need to store the entry of the receiving end C). Refer to the delay information table to initialize in advance according to the network configuration.
  • the sending end encapsulation module encapsulates the egress timestamp and the sending end/receiving end pair of the reference packet and the measured packet into the corresponding measurement headers respectively; the specific encapsulation of the measurement headers is shown in Table 2.
  • the decapsulation module completes the decapsulation of the measurement headers of the reference packet and the measured packet, and obtains the input of the delay calculation module.
  • the delay calculation module obtains the end-to-end one-way delay value Dtarget of the measured packet according to the aforementioned formula 4.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a first device (transmitting end) and a second device (receiving end). in:
  • the second device includes:
  • the entry timestamp module 911 is configured to, when receiving the first reference packet sent by the first device, record the first receiving timestamp of the first reference packet, and, when receiving the first measured value sent by the first device When grouping, record the second receiving timestamp of the first tested group;
  • a decapsulation module 912 configured to extract a first transmission timestamp from the first reference packet; and extract a second transmission timestamp from the first measured packet;
  • the delay calculation module 913 is configured to transmit the first time stamp from the first device to the second device according to the first sending time stamp, the first receiving time stamp, the second sending time stamp, the second receiving time stamp and the first reference packet. a reference delay related information, calculate the transmission delay of the first measured packet from the first device to the second device; wherein, the first reference packet is transmitted from the first device to the second device using a terminal End-to-end transmission delay guarantee technology.
  • the delay calculation module 913 is further configured to calculate the transmission delay of the first measured packet from the first device to the second device according to the following formula:
  • Dtarget Tr2+Ts1-Tr1-Ts2+Dref
  • Ts1, Ts2, Tr1, Tr2 and Dref respectively represent the first sending timestamp, second sending timestamp, first receiving timestamp, second receiving timestamp and first reference delay related information
  • Dtarget represents The transmission delay of the first measured packet being transmitted from the first device to the second device.
  • the second device further includes:
  • the reference delay search module 914 is configured to use the first device as a sending device and the second device as a receiving device, look up the reference delay information table, and obtain the first reference packet transmitted from the first device to the second device.
  • the first reference delay related information includes reference delay related information of reference packets transmitted between different sending devices and receiving devices.
  • the first reference packet is a reference packet that is closest to the first measured packet in terms of reception time.
  • the second device further includes the following modules (not shown in FIG. 9 ):
  • the first reference delay obtaining module is configured to obtain the reference delay related information of the reference packet transmitted between the sending device and the receiving device according to the following steps:
  • the network forwarding device applies the preset scheduling and priority forwarding technology to forward the reference packet, and the sum of the processing delay of the reference packet inside the device and the queue buffering delay is equal to the Equal length period T;
  • the second device further includes the following modules (not shown in FIG. 9 ):
  • the second reference delay obtaining module is configured to obtain the reference delay related information of the reference packet transmitted between the sending device and the receiving device according to the following steps:
  • a global satellite navigation system module is respectively connected to the sending device and the receiving device, and the global satellite navigation system module is time-synchronized to the sending device and the receiving device;
  • the reference delay related information of the reference packet transmitted from the sending device to the receiving device is calculated and obtained.
  • both the first reference packet and the first measured packet include a measurement header
  • the measurement header includes an identifier of the first device as the sending device and the identifier of the second device as the receiving device. , and the corresponding sending timestamp.
  • the first device includes:
  • the egress timestamp module 921 is configured to add a first transmission time stamp to the first reference packet, and to add a second transmission time stamp to the first measured packet, wherein the first reference packet is sent from the first device to the second
  • the transmission of the equipment adopts the end-to-end transmission delay guarantee technology
  • the encapsulation module 922 is configured to encapsulate the first sending timestamp in a first reference packet, send the first reference packet to a second device, and encapsulate the second sending timestamp in a first packet. into the measured packet, and send the first measured packet to the second device.
  • both the first reference packet and the first measured packet include a measurement header
  • the measurement header includes an identifier of the first device as the sending device and the identifier of the second device as the receiving device. , and the corresponding sending timestamp.
  • the encapsulation module is further configured to encapsulate the first transmission timestamp, the identifiers of the first device and the second device in the measurement header of the first reference packet, and to encapsulate the second transmission timestamp, the first The identities of the device and the second device are encapsulated in the measurement header of the first packet under test.
  • the device in this embodiment is a device corresponding to the methods shown in the above-mentioned FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 , and the implementation manners in the above-mentioned embodiments are all applicable to the embodiments of the device, and the same can also be achieved. technical effect.
  • the above-mentioned device provided in the embodiment of the present application can realize all the method steps realized by the above-mentioned method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect, and the parts and beneficial effects that are the same as the method embodiment in this embodiment will not be described in detail here. Repeat.
  • the second device includes: a processor 1001 , a transceiver 1002 , a memory 1003 , a user interface 1004 and a bus interface.
  • the terminal further includes: a program stored on the memory 1003 and executable on the processor 1001 .
  • the first sending time stamp, the first receiving time stamp, the second sending time stamp, the second receiving time stamp, and the first reference delay related information of the first reference packet transmitted from the first device to the second device calculate The transmission delay of the first measured packet being transmitted from the first device to the second device; wherein, the transmission of the first reference packet from the first device to the second device adopts an end-to-end transmission delay guarantee technology.
  • the processor further implements the following steps when executing the program:
  • Dtarget Tr2+Ts1-Tr1-Ts2+Dref
  • Ts1, Ts2, Tr1, Tr2 and Dref respectively represent the first sending timestamp, second sending timestamp, first receiving timestamp, second receiving timestamp and first reference delay related information
  • Dtarget represents The transmission delay of the first measured packet being transmitted from the first device to the second device.
  • the processor further implements the following steps when executing the program:
  • the first device Before calculating the transmission delay of the first measured packet from the first device to the second device, the first device is used as the sending device and the second device is used as the receiving device, and the reference delay information table is searched. Obtain the first reference delay related information of the reference packet transmitted from the first device to the second device; wherein, the reference delay information table includes the reference delay of the reference packet transmitted between different sending devices and receiving devices. Related Information.
  • the first reference packet is a reference packet that is closest to the first measured packet in terms of reception time.
  • the processor further implements the following steps when executing the program:
  • the network forwarding device applies the preset scheduling and priority forwarding technology to forward the reference packet, and the sum of the processing delay of the reference packet inside the device and the queue buffering delay is equal to the Equal length period T;
  • the processor further implements the following steps when executing the program:
  • a global satellite navigation system module is respectively connected to the sending device and the receiving device, and the global satellite navigation system module is time-synchronized to the sending device and the receiving device;
  • the reference delay related information of the reference packet transmitted from the sending device to the receiving device is calculated and obtained.
  • both the first reference packet and the first measured packet include a measurement header
  • the measurement header includes an identifier of the first device as the sending device and the identifier of the second device as the receiving device. , and the corresponding sending timestamp.
  • the bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically one or more processors represented by processor 1001 and various circuits of memory represented by memory 1003 linked together.
  • the bus architecture may also link together various other circuits, such as peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and, therefore, will not be described further herein.
  • the bus interface provides the interface.
  • Transceiver 1002 may be a number of elements, including a transmitter and a receiver, that provide a means for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium.
  • the user interface 1004 may also be an interface capable of externally connecting the required equipment, and the connected equipment includes but is not limited to a keypad, a display, a speaker, a microphone, a joystick, and the like.
  • the processor 1001 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 1003 may store data used by the processor 1001 in performing operations.
  • the device in this embodiment is a device corresponding to the method shown in FIG. 5 above, and the implementation manners in the above embodiments are all applicable to the embodiments of the device, and the same technical effect can also be achieved.
  • the transceiver 1002 and the memory 1003, as well as the transceiver 1002 and the processor 1001 can be communicated and connected through a bus interface, the function of the processor 1001 can also be realized by the transceiver 1002, and the function of the transceiver 1002 can also be realized by the processor 1001 realized.
  • a computer-readable storage medium on which a program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the following steps are implemented:
  • the first sending time stamp, the first receiving time stamp, the second sending time stamp, the second receiving time stamp, and the first reference delay related information of the first reference packet transmitted from the first device to the second device calculate The transmission delay of the first measured packet being transmitted from the first device to the second device; wherein, the transmission of the first reference packet from the first device to the second device adopts an end-to-end transmission delay guarantee technology.
  • FIG. 11 is another schematic structural diagram of a first device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first device includes: a processor 1101 , a transceiver 1102 , a memory 1103 , a user interface 1104 , and a bus interface.
  • the terminal further includes: a program stored on the memory 1103 and executable on the processor 1101 .
  • the processor 1101 implements the following steps when executing the program:
  • marking the first reference packet with a first transmission time stamp and sending the first reference packet to the second device; and marking the first measured packet with a second transmission time stamp, and sending the first reference packet to the second device The tested packet; wherein, the transmission of the first reference packet from the first device to the second device adopts an end-to-end transmission delay guarantee technology.
  • both the first reference packet and the first measured packet include a measurement header
  • the measurement header includes the identifier of the first device serving as the sending device and the second device serving as the receiving device. , and the corresponding sending timestamp.
  • the bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, in particular one or more processors represented by processor 1101 and various circuits of memory represented by memory 1103 linked together.
  • the bus architecture may also link together various other circuits, such as peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and, therefore, will not be described further herein.
  • the bus interface provides the interface.
  • Transceiver 1102 may be a number of elements, including a transmitter and a receiver, that provide a means for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium.
  • the user interface 1104 may also be an interface capable of externally connecting the required equipment, and the connected equipment includes but is not limited to a keypad, a display, a speaker, a microphone, a joystick, and the like.
  • the processor 1101 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 1103 may store data used by the processor 1101 in performing operations.
  • the device in this embodiment is a device corresponding to the method shown in FIG. 6 above, and the implementation manners in each of the above embodiments are applicable to the embodiments of the device, and the same technical effect can also be achieved.
  • the transceiver 1102 and the memory 1103, as well as the transceiver 1102 and the processor 1101 can be communicated and connected through a bus interface, the function of the processor 1101 can also be realized by the transceiver 1102, and the function of the transceiver 1102 can also be realized by the processor 1101 realized.
  • a computer-readable storage medium on which a program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the following steps are implemented:
  • marking the first reference packet with a first transmission time stamp and sending the first reference packet to the second device; and marking the first measured packet with a second transmission time stamp, and sending the first reference packet to the second device The tested packet; wherein, the transmission of the first reference packet from the first device to the second device adopts an end-to-end transmission delay guarantee technology.
  • the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the apparatus embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present application can be embodied in the form of a software product in essence, or the part that contributes to the related technology or the part of the technical solution.
  • the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several
  • the instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U disk, a removable hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk and other mediums that can store program codes.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种时延测量方法及设备。其中，方法包括：第二设备接收第一设备发送的第一参考分组，记录第一参考分组的第一接收时间戳，并从第一参考分组提取第一发送时间戳；以及，接收第一设备发送的第一被测分组，记录第一被测分组的第二接收时间戳，并从第一被测分组提取第二发送时间戳；根据所述第一发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延相关信息，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延；所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术。

Description

时延测量方法及设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202110194450.9、申请日为2021年02月20日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及移动通信技术领域，具体涉及一种时延测量方法及设备。
背景技术
随着新一代网络技术(如第五代移动通信技术(5G)网络)的逐步推广和在千行百业的应用落地，网络质量的服务级别协议(Service Level Agreement，SLA)保障越来越重要。例如，不同的5G业务对时延、抖动、丢包和带宽等网络性能指标的要求各不相同，如表1所示。其中，5G网络的时延指标的定义是网络的端到端单向时延。
Figure PCTCN2022076494-appb-000001
表1
网络端到端单向时延测量的一种常见场景，如5G网络高清视频监控业务场景，如图1所示。网络的一端是高清视频监控业务接入设备，如图中左边用户接入侧所示；网络的另一端是视频服务器(英文可以表达为server)；上述网络的端到端单向时延测量即从视频监控用户接入侧到视频服务器用 户侧的单向时延，包括无线网、传输网、核心网和网际互连协议(IP)承载网等多个部分组成，其时延是图1中T1+T2+T3+T4的总和。
准确地测量网络的端到端单向时延对于网络业务的SLA保障十分重要，成为一个紧迫且重要的需求。
发明内容
本申请的至少一个实施例提供了一种时延测量方法、终端及网络设备。
根据本申请的一个方面，至少一个实施例提供了一种时延测量方法，包括：
第二设备接收第一设备发送的第一参考分组，记录所述第一参考分组的第一接收时间戳，并从所述第一参考分组提取第一发送时间戳；以及，接收所述第一设备发送的第一被测分组，记录所述第一被测分组的第二接收时间戳，并从所述第一被测分组提取第二发送时间戳；
所述第二设备根据所述第一发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延相关信息，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延；其中，所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术。
此外，根据本申请的至少一个实施例，所述根据所述第一发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第二接收时间戳和参考分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延相关信息，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延，包括：
根据以下公式，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延：
Dtarget＝Tr2+Ts1-Tr1-Ts2+Dref
其中，Ts1、Ts2、Tr1、Tr2和Dref分别表示所述第一发送时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考时延相关信息，Dtarget则表示所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延。
此外，根据本申请的至少一个实施例，在计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延之前，所述方法还包括：
以所述第一设备作为发送设备，所述第二设备作为接收设备，查找参考时延信息表，得到第一参考分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延相关信息。
此外，根据本申请的至少一个实施例，所述第二设备接收第一设备发送的第一参考分组，具体包括：
所述第二设备接收所述第一设备发送的至少一个参考分组，从所述至少一个参考分组中选择出与与所述第一被测分组在接收时间上最为接近的 一个参考分组作为所述第一参考分组。
此外，根据本申请的至少一个实施例，按照以下步骤，获取所述参考分组在发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息：
配置网络转发设备的等长周期T，所述网络转发设备应用预设的调度和优先级的转发技术转发参考分组，且参考分组在设备内部的处理时延和队列缓存时延之和等于所述等长周期T；
根据网络拓扑和路由规则，确定从所述发送设备到接收设备之间的路由跳数和总链路长度，根据所述总链路长度，确定总链路传输时间；
计算2T与路由跳数的乘积，并与所述总链路传输时间相加，得到参考分组从所述发送设备传输到接收设备的参考时延相关信息。
此外，根据本申请的至少一个实施例，按照以下步骤，获取所述参考分组在发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息：
在发送设备和接收设备处分别外接全球卫星导航系统模块，对所述全球卫星导航系统模块对所述发送设备和接收设备进行时间同步；
接收所述发送设备发送的参考分组，记录所述参考分组的接收时间戳，并从所述参考分组中提取发送时间戳；
根据所述发送时间戳和接收时间戳，计算得到所述参考分组从所述发送设备传输到接收设备的参考时延相关信息。
此外，根据本申请的至少一个实施例，所述第一参考分组和第一被测分组均包括有一测量头，所述测量头中包括有作为发送设备的第一设备的标识、作为接收设备的第二设备的标识、以及对应的发送时间戳。
根据本申请的另一方面，至少一个实施例提供了一种时延测量方法，包括：
第一设备为第一参考分组打上第一发送时间戳，并向第二设备发送所述第一参考分组；以及，为第一被测分组打上第二发送时间戳，并向第二设备发送所述第一被测分组；其中，所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术。
此外，根据本申请的至少一个实施例，所述第一参考分组和第一被测分组均包括有一测量头，所述测量头中包括有作为发送设备的第一设备的标识、作为接收设备的第二设备的标识、以及对应的发送时间戳。
此外，根据本申请的至少一个实施例，入口时间戳模块，配置为在接收第一设备发送的第一参考分组时，记录所述第一参考分组的第一接收时间戳，以及，在接收所述第一设备发送的第一被测分组时，记录所述第一被测分组的第二接收时间戳；
解封装模块，配置为从所述第一参考分组提取第一发送时间戳；以及，从所述第一被测分组提取第二发送时间戳；
时延计算模块，配置为根据所述第一发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考分组从第一设备传输到第二 设备的第一参考时延相关信息，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延；其中，所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术。
此外，根据本申请的至少一个实施例，时延计算模块，还配置为根据以下公式，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延：
Dtarget＝Tr2+Ts1-Tr1-Ts2+Dref
其中，Ts1、Ts2、Tr1、Tr2和Dref分别表示所述第一发送时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考时延相关信息，Dtarget则表示所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延。
此外，根据本申请的至少一个实施例，所述第二设备还包括：
参考时延查找模块，配置为以所述第一设备作为发送设备，所述第二设备作为接收设备，查找参考时延信息表，得到第一参考分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延相关信息。
此外，根据本申请的至少一个实施例，所述第一参考分组是与所述第一被测分组在接收时间上最为接近的一个参考分组。
此外，根据本申请的至少一个实施例，所述第二设备还包括：
第一参考时延获取模块，配置为按照以下步骤，获取所述参考分组在发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息：
配置网络转发设备的等长周期T，所述网络转发设备应用预设的调度和优先级的转发技术转发参考分组，且参考分组在设备内部的处理时延和队列缓存时延之和等于所述等长周期T；
根据网络拓扑和路由规则，确定从所述发送设备到接收设备之间的路由跳数和总链路长度，根据所述总链路长度，确定总链路传输时间；
计算2T与路由跳数的乘积，并与所述总链路传输时间相加，得到参考分组从所述发送设备传输到接收设备的参考时延相关信息。
此外，根据本申请的至少一个实施例，所述第二设备还包括：
第二参考时延获取模块，配置为按照以下步骤，获取所述参考分组在发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息：
在发送设备和接收设备处分别外接全球卫星导航系统模块，对所述全球卫星导航系统模块对所述发送设备和接收设备进行时间同步；
接收所述发送设备发送的参考分组，记录所述参考分组的接收时间戳，并从所述参考分组中提取发送时间戳；
根据所述发送时间戳和接收时间戳，计算得到所述参考分组从所述发送设备传输到接收设备的参考时延相关信息。
此外，根据本申请的至少一个实施例，所述第一参考分组和第一被测分组均包括有一测量头，所述测量头中包括有作为发送设备的第一设备的标识、作为接收设备的第二设备的标识、以及对应的发送时间戳。
根据本申请的另一方面，至少一个实施例提供了一种第二设备，包括收发机和处理器，其中，
所述收发机，配置为接收第一设备发送的第一参考分组，记录所述第一参考分组的第一接收时间戳，并从所述第一参考分组提取第一发送时间戳；以及，接收所述第一设备发送的第一被测分组，记录所述第一被测分组的第二接收时间戳，并从所述第一被测分组提取第二发送时间戳；
所述处理器，配置为根据所述第一发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延相关信息，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延；其中，所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术。
此外，根据本申请的至少一个实施例，所述处理器，还配置为根据以下公式，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延：
Dtarget＝Tr2+Ts1-Tr1-Ts2+Dref
其中，Ts1、Ts2、Tr1、Tr2和Dref分别表示所述第一发送时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考时延相关信息，Dtarget则表示所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延相关信息。
根据本申请的另一方面，至少一个实施例提供了一种第二设备，包括：处理器、存储器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的程序，所述程序被所述处理器执行时实现如上所述的方法的步骤。
根据本申请的另一方面，至少一个实施例提供了一种第一设备，包括：
出口时间戳模块，配置为为第一参考分组打上第一发送时间戳，以及，为第一被测分组打上第二发送时间戳，其中，所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术；
封装模块，配置为将所述第一发送时间戳封装在第一参考分组中，并向第二设备发送所述第一参考分组，以及，将所述第二发送时间戳封装在第一被测分组中，并向所述第二设备发送所述第一被测分组。
此外，根据本申请的至少一个实施例，所述第一参考分组和第一被测分组均包括有一测量头，所述测量头中包括有作为发送设备的第一设备的标识、作为接收设备的第二设备的标识、以及对应的发送时间戳；
所述封装模块，还配置为将所述第一发送时间戳、第一设备和第二设备的标识封装在第一参考分组的测量头中，以及，将所述第二发送时间戳、第一设备和第二设备的标识封装在第一被测分组的测量头中。
根据本申请的另一方面，至少一个实施例提供了一种第一设备，包括收发机和处理器，其中，
所述处理器，配置为为第一参考分组打上第一发送时间戳，以及，为第一被测分组打上第二发送时间戳，其中，所述第一参考分组在第一设备 到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术；
所述收发机，配置为将所述第一发送时间戳封装在第一参考分组中，并向第二设备发送所述第一参考分组，以及，将所述第二发送时间戳封装在第一被测分组中，并向所述第二设备发送所述第一被测分组。
根据本申请的另一方面，至少一个实施例提供了一种第一设备，包括：处理器、存储器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的程序，所述程序被所述处理器执行时实现如上所述的方法的步骤。
根据本申请的另一方面，至少一个实施例提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质上存储有程序，所述程序被处理器执行时，实现如上所述的方法的步骤。
与相关技术相比，本申请实施例提供的时延测量方法及设备，利用参考分组的稳定传输时延特性计算被测分组的传输时延，能够提高网络端到端单向时延测量结果的准确性，简化测量过程并降低测量成本。
附图说明
通过阅读下文一些实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出一些实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为网络端到端单向时延测量的一种常见场景的示意图；
图2为一种网络端到端单向时延测量方案的示意图；
图3为另一种网络端到端单向时延测量方案的示意图；
图4为本申请实施例的一种时延测量场景示意图；
图5为本申请实施例的时延测量方法应用于第二设备侧时的流程图；
图6为本申请实施例的时延测量方法应用于第一设备侧时的流程图；
图7为本申请实施例的时延测量方法在接收端和发送端的流程示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的端到端传输时延的一种示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的第一设备和第二设备的一种结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的第二设备的另一种结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的第一设备的另一种结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本申请的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本申请的示例性实施例，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本申请而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反，提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本申请，并且能够将本申请的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本申请的实施例例如能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。说明书以及权利要求中“和/或”表示所连接对象的至少其中之一。
以下描述提供示例而并非限定权利要求中阐述的范围、适用性或者配置。可以对所讨论的要素的功能和布置作出改变而不会脱离本公开的精神和范围。各种示例可恰适地省略、替代、或添加各种规程或组件。例如，可以按不同于所描述的次序来执行所描述的方法，并且可以添加、省去、或组合各种步骤。另外，参照某些示例所描述的特征可在其他示例中被组合。
单向时延测量技术方案分为两大类：第一类是基于往返通信时延(Round Trip Time，RTT)的单向时延测量方案；第二类是基于精确端到端时间同步的单向时延测量方案。
其中，基于往返通信时延的单向时延测量方案如图2所示。在视频监控采集的用户接入侧和服务器用户侧分别部署网络测量探针。源端的网络测量探针发送测试包；目的端的网络测量探针反射接收到的测试包(不做处理，直接发送回源端)；源端接收到目的端反射的测试包后，可以得到往返通信时延。利用往返通信时延除以2，可以近似求得端到端的单向时延。
基于精确端到端时间同步的单向时延测量方案如图3所示。端到端时间同步有两种方式：第一种是基于全球定位系统(Global Positioning System，GPS)模块的时间同步方式；第二种是基于1588v2协议的时间同步方式。两种时间同步方式任选一种即可。在端到端完成时间同步的基础上，源端网络测量探针发送测试包，随包附带精确的出口时间戳，在目的端接收到测试包时，打上精确的入口时间戳。由于源端和目的端已经进行了端到端时间同步，则用出口时间戳减去入口时间戳，可以得到端到端的单向时延。
上述单向时延测量的两大类技术方案在测量5G网络的端到端单向时延中存在缺点，下面分别描述。
基于往返通信时延的单向时延测量方案的测量精度无法满足应用需求。由于网络应用(如5G网络)的上行链路时延和下行链路时延通常并不相等，所以采用往返通信时延除以2，近似求得端到端的单向时延准确度较低，无法满足精确测量端到端单向时延的需求。
基于精确端到端时间同步的单向时延测量方案需要依赖于准确的时间同步，部署成本高，部署技术难度较大。对于基于GPS模块的时间同步方 案，由于实际部署场景中，机房位于地下或者其他无GPS信号的空间内，无法持续获取GPS时钟信息进行时间同步。对于基于1588v2的时间同步方案，需要端到端部署全网时间同步，即要求无线网、传输网、核心网和IP承载网的各个设备，都要支持1588v2的同步协议，而目前网络难以做到全网支持1588v2。
基于此，本申请实施例提供了一种时延测量方法，可以在不部署时钟同步的前提下，利用参考分组在端到端传输过程中具有稳定的传输时延的特性，精确测量端到端网络单向时延，简化测量过程并降低测量成本。本申请实施例提供的时延测量方法，用以测量从第一设备(发送端设备)到第二设备(接收端设备)之间的网络端到端单向时延，图4示出了发送端(即第一设备)和接收端(即第二设备)的时间戳的示意图，其中分组1为参考分组(如第一参考分组)，分组2为被测分组(如第一被测分组)。
网络中时延稳定的参考分组的端到端单向时延可以作为参考时延相关信息Dref，该参考时延相关信息指示的参考时延值预先可知且抖动极低。本申请实施例可以利用预先获取的参考时延值计算被测分组的传输时延，参考时延相关信息可以存储于下文表4所示的参考时延信息表中。假设测量发送端到接收端的网络端到端单向时延，如图4所示。除网络端侧设备外的网络中间设备在图4中被隐去，实际发送端和接收端可以是图2所示的网络测量探针设备。
具体地，请参照图5，该时延测量方法在应用于接收端侧的第二设备时，包括：
步骤501，第二设备接收第一设备发送的第一参考分组，记录所述第一参考分组的第一接收时间戳，并从所述第一参考分组提取第一发送时间戳；以及，接收所述第一设备发送的第一被测分组，记录所述第一被测分组的第二接收时间戳，并从所述第一被测分组提取第二发送时间戳。
这里，第一参考分组是一个参考分组，通常第一设备可以向第二设备发送至少一个参考分组，所述参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术。例如，第一设备可以按照预设的发送周期，周期性的向第二设备发送参考分组；又例如，第一设备可以根据链路空闲率或设备的硬件处理压力等指标，动态的调整参考分组的发送频率。具体地，发送频率可以与链路空闲率正相关，或者与设备硬件处理压力负相关。
端到端传输时延保障技术能够使得参考分组(如第一参考分组)的端到端单向时延具有一个稳定的数值，且抖动极小。例如，可以采用包括但不限于采用确定性网络和5G端到端网络切片等技术进行实现。本申请实施例在测量被测分组(如第一被测分组)的单向时延时，可以在发送端的第一设备侧发送被测分组和参考分组，并为上述分组打上发送时间戳；然后，在接收端的第二设备侧记录上述分组的接收时间戳。
在具体测量时，可以优先选择某个被测分组(这里称之为第一被测分 组)以及与该第一被测分组的接收时间戳之间的差异值最小的一个参考分组(这里称之为第一参考分组)进行后续的计算。也就是说，所述第一参考分组是与所述第一被测分组在接收时间上最为接近的一个参考分组。即，第一参考分组可能是在接收到第一被测分组之前接收到的一个参考分组，也可能是在接收到第一被测分组之后接收到的一个参考分组，还可能是与第一被测分组同时接收到的参考分组。
步骤502，所述第二设备根据所述第一发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第二接收时间戳和参考分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延相关信息，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延。
这里，计算第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延的具体方式可以包括：根据以下公式，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延：
Dtarget＝Tr2+Ts1-Tr1-Ts2+Dref    (公式1)
其中，Ts1、Ts2、Tr1、Tr2和Dref分别表示所述第一发送时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考时延相关信息，Dtarget则表示所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延。
以上公式1中包括多个参数，在具体计算时，可以先计算所述第二接收时间戳和第一发送时间戳的第一和值；计算所述第一接收时间戳和第二发送时间戳的第二和值；然后，计算所述第一和值与第二和值的差值，并计算所述差值与所述第一参考时延相关信息的第三和值，得到所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延。此时上述公式1可以表示为以下公式1A的形式：
Dtarget＝(Tr2+Ts1)-(Tr1+Ts2)+Dref      (公式1A)
需要说明的是，公式1或公式1A中的参数，可以任意先计算其中两个或更多参数的和值或差值，最终求得所述传输时延。也就是说，本申请实施例不限制上述参数之间的和差计算的顺序，任何能够利用上述参数求得最终的传输时延的计算顺序都可以适用于本申请。
通过以上步骤，本申请实施例利用参考分组在端到端传输过程中具有稳定的传输时延的特性，计算被测分组的传输时延，从而无需在网络中部署同步时钟即可实现传输时延的实时测量，并能够获得较为准确的测量结果，从而提高了测量结果的准确性，简化了测量过程并降低了测量成本。
为了便于测量，本申请实施例可以预先获取所述参考分组在发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息，并根据参考分组在不同的发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息，建立一个参考时延信息表，该表中包括有参考分组在多组发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相 关信息。上述参考时延信息表的全部内容或部分内容可以保存在第二设备中。在保存表中的部分内容时，可以保存以第二设备为接收设备，对应于不同的发送设备的参考时延修改信息。
这里，所述参考时延相关信息通常包括参考时延的具体数值，具体可以采用参考时延的最大值、最小值和平均值等形式进行表示。在具体计算传输时延时，可以采用参考时延的平均值进行计算，也可以采用参考时延的最大值或最小值进行计算。所述参考时延相关信息还可以包括参考时延对应的时延抖动的级别(如微秒级)或大小(如50微秒)等信息。
这样，在上述步骤502之前，第二设备以所述第一设备作为发送设备，所述第二设备作为接收设备，查找参考时延信息表，得到第一参考分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延相关信息，从而在步骤502中进行时延计算。
下面提供两种获取参考时延的具体方式：
第一种方式：本申请实施例的以上时延测量方法中，可以按照以下步骤，获取所述参考分组在发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息：
配置网络转发设备的等长周期T，所述网络转发设备应用预设的调度和优先级的转发技术转发参考分组，且参考分组在设备内部的处理时延和队列缓存时延之和等于所述等长周期T；
根据网络拓扑和路由规则，确定从所述发送设备到接收设备之间的路由跳数和总链路长度，根据所述总链路长度，确定总链路传输时间；
计算2T与路由跳数的乘积，并与所述总链路传输时间相加，得到参考分组从所述发送设备传输到接收设备的参考时延相关信息。
该第一种方式特别适用于采用了确定性网络转发技术的网络中进行参考分组的参考时延的测量。
第二种方式：本申请实施例的以上时延测量方法中，按照以下步骤，获取所述参考分组在发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息：
在发送设备和接收设备处分别外接全球卫星导航系统模块，对所述全球卫星导航系统模块对所述发送设备和接收设备进行时间同步；
接收所述发送设备发送的参考分组，记录所述参考分组的接收时间戳，并从所述参考分组中提取发送时间戳；
根据所述发送时间戳和接收时间戳，计算得到所述参考分组从所述发送设备传输到接收设备的参考时延相关信息。
该第二种方式特别适用于采用了端到端网络切片等技术的网络中，当然，也可以适应于采用了确定性网络转发技术的网络中。
请参照图6，该时延测量方法在应用于接收端侧的第二设备时，包括：
步骤601，第一设备为第一参考分组打上第一发送时间戳，并向第二设备发送所述第一参考分组；以及，为第一被测分组打上第二发送时间戳， 并向第二设备发送所述第一被测分组。
这里，所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术。
通过以上步骤，本申请实施例可以由发送端的第一设备发送参考分组和被测分组并携带发送时间戳，从而使得接收端设备可以据此进行被测分组的传输时延计算，从而利用参考分组具有稳定的时延特性进行被测分组的时延计算，简化了时延测量过程，并提高了时延结果的准确性。
图7给出了发送端和接收端的测量过程的示意图。其中，
对于发送端，发送参考分组，具体包括：第一步，发送端准备发送一个参考分组，记为分组1；第二步，发送端为参考分组打出口时间戳Ts1；第三步，发送端将参考分组的出口时间戳记录在分组1的测量头中；第四步，发送端将参考分组发送出去。
对于发送端，根据业务需求，再发送被测分组，具体包括：第一步，发送端准备发送一个被测分组，记为分组2；第二步，发送端为参考分组打出口时间戳Ts2；第三步，发送端将被测分组的出口时间戳记录在分组2的测量头中；第四步，发送端将被测分组发送出去。
发送端发送参考分组可以按照一个固定频率，或根据链路使用率来调整发送频率，以便被测分组总能找到一个临近的参考分组，使得分组1和分组2之间的发送间隔较小。
对于接收端，接收参考分组，具体包括：第一步，参考分组到达接收端，接收端收下参考分组；第二步，接收端打对参考分组入口时间戳，记为Tr1；第三步，接收端解封装参考分组，获得发送端的出口时间戳Ts1；第四步，接收端记录Ts1和Tr1时间戳信息；第五步，接收端利用第三步解封装得到的发送端/接收端对作为查找键值，查询参考时延信息表并记录参考时延查找结果Dref。
对于接收端，接收被测分组，具体包括：第一步，被测分组到达接收端，接收端收下被测分组；第二步，接收端打对被测分组入口时间戳，记为Tr2；第三步，接收端解封装被测分组，获得发送端的出口时间戳Ts2；第四步，接收端记录Ts2和Tr2时间戳信息；第五步，接收端根据已记录的时间戳信息Ts1、Ts2、Tr1、Tr2和参考时延相关信息Dref，计算被测分组的单向时延，记为Dtarget。
下面介绍图7接收端流程的被测分组流程的第五步中，根据记录信息已记录的时间戳信息Ts1、Ts2、Tr1、Tr2和参考时延相关信息Dref，计算被测分组的单向时延Dtarget的计算过程。对于分组1，利用接收端时间戳减去发送端时间戳，可得：
Tr1-Ts1＝Dref+Offset1     (公式2)
其中Offset1是分组1传输发生时发送端和接收端的时间偏移量。
同理，对于分组2，可得：
Tr2-Ts2＝Dtarget+Offset2     (公式3)
其中，Offset2是分组2传输发生时发送端和接收端的时间偏移量。假设分组1与分组2发送间隔较短，可以得到Offset1与Offset2近似相等。将公式2与公式3相减，可得：
Dtarget＝(Tr2+Ts1)-(Tr1+Ts2)+Dref     (公式4)
由此可以计算得到被测分组的单向时延值Dtarget。
本申请实施例的参考分组和测量分组中均包括有测量头，下面提供测量头的一种具体封装结构，以下结构仅为本申请实施例可以使用的其中一种结构，并非用于限定本申请。
测量头的具体封装如表2所示，参考分组和被测分组的测量信息可以分别封装在对应分组的测量头中。具体实施时，可以在协议头中使用任意能够提供足够字节空间来承载测量头的封装位置，例如在TCP头中的选项域(最大40字节)封装测量头。下面介绍参考分组和被测分组的一种测量头封装，所述封装字段位置顺序并不局限于表2所示。其中发送端ID和接收端ID分别为8比特(bits)，标记了端到端测量的起始点和终止点，即发送端/接收端对。发送分组的出口时间戳为32bits，标记了发送端的出口时间戳，参考分组和被测分组的发送端出口时间戳分别对应公式4中的Ts1和Ts2。保留字为16bits，可以用于携带其他的有用信息，比如接收端/发送端的端口号，或者TCP选项域的类型(Kind)和长度(Length)等。
Figure PCTCN2022076494-appb-000002
表2
下面介绍获取所述参考分组在发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息的一种具体方式。
网络的端到端单向时延包括三个部分，分别为线路的传输时延，设备内部处理时延和设备内部队列缓存时延，如图8所示。其中，时延的固定部分包括线路传输时延和设备内部处理时延。线路传输时延和传输距离有关，约5ns/米，传输路径确定后，基本是定值。设备内部处理时延包括设备内部流水线或者处理器的处理时延和接口串并转换时延，和设备入/出端口速率、报文长度和报文转发行为等有关，每台设备的内部处理时延的数量级是微秒级，在芯片设计规格确定后，基本是定值。时延的变化部分是设备内部缓存队列时延。设备内部缓存队列时延与队列深度、出接口队列调度算法、报文优先级和报文长度相关，每台设备可达到微秒甚至毫秒级，根据上述参数取值不同，时延差异较大。表3给出了上述各种时延的特性。
类别 性质
线路传输时延 链路长度确定后，较为固定
设备内部处理时延 芯片规格确定后，较为固定
设备内部队列缓存时延 1.传统分组网络不固定，波动大；
  2.时间敏感网络和确定性网络，较为固定；
表3
随着网络应用要求的不断发展，出现了一系列保障端到端传输的时延值稳定且抖动有界的网络技术，下面将描述获取参考时延相关信息的一种实施例。例如已经在IETF标准化的确定性网络转发技术，通过设计特殊的队列调度算法和报文优先级等方式，可以将端到端网络的设备内部队列缓存时延固定下来，其时延抖动极低且有界，可近似认为端到端单向时延为一个确定值。具体实施过程中，可以采用上述确定性网络转发技术传输的网络分组作为参考分组，其端到端单向时延作为参考时延相关信息。参考时延相关信息的获取方法不限于基于确定性网络的获取方法，任何时延抖动较低的分组网络的端到端传输时延都潜在可用于本申请实施例的参考时延相关信息。下面详细描述基于确定性网络转发技术的参考时延相关信息获取方式，包括：
1)配置网络转发设备的等长周期T，所述网络转发设备应用预设的调度和优先级的转发技术转发参考分组，且参考分组在网络转发设备内部的处理时延和队列缓存时延之和等于所述等长周期T。
2)根据网络拓扑和路由规则，确定从所述发送设备到接收设备之间的路由跳数和总链路长度，根据所述总链路长度，确定总链路传输时间。
3)计算2T与路由跳数的乘积，并与所述总链路传输时间相加，得到参考分组从所述发送设备传输到接收设备的参考时延相关信息。
下面对以上步骤进行更为详细的说明。
本实施例的网络设备首先配置一个预设的网络参数；可根据配置的预设网络参数计算得到参考分组的参考时延理论值Dref0，具体计算方法如下。在确定性网络中，通过网络设备实现的特殊调度和优先级策略，可以极大降低设备内部队列缓存时延的波动大小，并且使得端到端的设备内部处理时延和内部队列缓存时延之和仅与端到端各设备配置的等长周期T相关。具体来说，端到端的单向时延与设备等长周期T的关系如下述计算公式：
单向时延＝总链路传输时延+2T×跳数
其中，上式中第一项为总链路传输时延，可以根据链路长度计算，是一个固定值。上式中第二项为设备内部处理时延和内部队列缓存时延之和。其中，跳数可以根据网络拓扑和预先配置的源路由规则预先确定，为一个固定值。需要配置的是网络设备的等长周期T。假设配置设备等长周期值T为典型值10微秒，则可求得端到端单向时延值，作为参考时延理论值。另一方面，对于上述单向时延理论值存在的时延抖动计算公式如下：
时延抖动＝2T
假设配置设备等长周期值T为典型值10微秒，则上述确定性网络的时延抖动理论值为20微秒。
实际部署时，还可以外接临时GPS天线和GPS模块，对需要进行端到 端单向时延测量的网络链路进行提前测量，得到链路的空载实际参考时延Dref1和时延抖动，存储在参考时延查找表中。在网络运营后，链路不再空载，此时参考分组的参考时延值为Dref2。基于确定性网络转发技术的Dref0、Dref1和Dref2值差别极小，可以忽略。所以可以采用Dref1的测量值，作为网络实际运营时的参考时延Dref2。参考时延信息表的格式和内容如表4所示。
Figure PCTCN2022076494-appb-000003
表4
需要指出的是，网络实际运营后，网络流量负载与网络开局部署时可能并不一致，但是基于已配置网络参数的确定性网络调度和优先级机制，可以确保参考分组的实际经历时延Dref2与查表得到的参考时延值Dref1基本一致，抖动值在可以忽略的一个有界范围内。
例如，一个已经实际部署的确定性网络CENI的实验结果表明(参考文献：网络通信与安全紫金山实验室，华为网络技术实验室，北京邮电大学，江苏省未来网络创新研究院.CENI New IP组网测试报告，第四届未来网络发展大会组委会，2020年08月)，参考时延的理论值Dref0、初始空载测试值(无背景流量)Dref1和实测负载时延值Dref2(包含干扰流1～11条)保持一致。其中，包含不同背景干扰流时，确定性网络DIP转发端到端时延保持不变，如表5所示的北京-南京千公里环回网络DIP测试统计结果。
Figure PCTCN2022076494-appb-000004
表5
本申请实施例还提供了实施上述方法的装置。
基于参考时延的单向时延测量装置包括发送端和接收端两部分组成。其中发送端和接收端都包含时间戳模块；发送端出口时间戳模块完成发送分组在出口打时间戳的功能，接收端入口时间戳模块完成接收分组在入口打时间戳的功能。在物理层或者数据链路层打精确的出口和入口时间戳属于端侧网卡或类似网络设备的一个较常见功能。参考时延查找模块为一张查找表，查找Key为发送端ID和接收端ID对，查找结果为参考时延值和抖动值；参考时延查找表的数据结构如表4所示。其中每个接收端的参考时延查找表仅需存储接收端为本设备的表项(如接收端B的参考时延查找表无需存储接收端为C的表项)。参考时延信息表根据网络配置提前初始化。发送端封装模块将参考分组和被测分组的出口时间戳和发送端/接收端对分别封装在对应测量头中；测量头的具体封装见表2。解封装模块完成参考分组和被测分组的测量头解封工作，得到时延计算模块的输入。时延计算模块按照前述公式4，得到被测分组的端到端单向时延值Dtarget。
具体地，请参照图9，本申请实施例提供了一种第一设备(发送端)和第二设备(接收端)。其中：
所述第二设备包括：
入口时间戳模块911，配置为在接收第一设备发送的第一参考分组时，记录所述第一参考分组的第一接收时间戳，以及，在接收所述第一设备发送的第一被测分组时，记录所述第一被测分组的第二接收时间戳；
解封装模块912，配置为从所述第一参考分组提取第一发送时间戳；以及，从所述第一被测分组提取第二发送时间戳；
时延计算模块913，配置为根据所述第一发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延相关信息，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延；其中，所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术。
其中，在一实施例中，时延计算模块913，还配置为根据以下公式，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延：
Dtarget＝Tr2+Ts1-Tr1-Ts2+Dref
其中，Ts1、Ts2、Tr1、Tr2和Dref分别表示所述第一发送时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考时延相关信息，Dtarget则表示所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延。
在一实施例中，所述第二设备还包括：
参考时延查找模块914，配置为以所述第一设备作为发送设备，所述第二设备作为接收设备，查找参考时延信息表，得到第一参考分组从第一设 备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延相关信息。其中，所述参考时延信息表中包括有参考分组在不同的发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息。
在一实施例中，所述第一参考分组是与所述第一被测分组在接收时间上最为接近的一个参考分组。
在一实施例中，所述第二设备还包括以下模块(图9中未示出)：
第一参考时延获取模块，配置为按照以下步骤，获取所述参考分组在发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息：
配置网络转发设备的等长周期T，所述网络转发设备应用预设的调度和优先级的转发技术转发参考分组，且参考分组在设备内部的处理时延和队列缓存时延之和等于所述等长周期T；
根据网络拓扑和路由规则，确定从所述发送设备到接收设备之间的路由跳数和总链路长度，根据所述总链路长度，确定总链路传输时间；
计算2T与路由跳数的乘积，并与所述总链路传输时间相加，得到参考分组从所述发送设备传输到接收设备的参考时延相关信息。
在一实施例中，所述第二设备还包括以下模块(图9中未示出)：
第二参考时延获取模块，配置为按照以下步骤，获取所述参考分组在发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息：
在发送设备和接收设备处分别外接全球卫星导航系统模块，对所述全球卫星导航系统模块对所述发送设备和接收设备进行时间同步；
接收所述发送设备发送的参考分组，记录所述参考分组的接收时间戳，并从所述参考分组中提取发送时间戳；
根据所述发送时间戳和接收时间戳，计算得到所述参考分组从所述发送设备传输到接收设备的参考时延相关信息。
在一实施例中，所述第一参考分组和第一被测分组均包括有一测量头，所述测量头中包括有作为发送设备的第一设备的标识、作为接收设备的第二设备的标识、以及对应的发送时间戳。
如图9所示，所述第一设备包括：
出口时间戳模块921，配置为为第一参考分组打上第一发送时间戳，以及，为第一被测分组打上第二发送时间戳，其中，所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术；
封装模块922，配置为将所述第一发送时间戳封装在第一参考分组中，并向第二设备发送所述第一参考分组，以及，将所述第二发送时间戳封装在第一被测分组中，并向所述第二设备发送所述第一被测分组。
在一实施例中，所述第一参考分组和第一被测分组均包括有一测量头，所述测量头中包括有作为发送设备的第一设备的标识、作为接收设备的第二设备的标识、以及对应的发送时间戳。所述封装模块，还配置为将所述第一发送时间戳、第一设备和第二设备的标识封装在第一参考分组的测量 头中，以及，将所述第二发送时间戳、第一设备和第二设备的标识封装在第一被测分组的测量头中。
需要说明的是，该实施例中的设备是与上述图5及图6所示的方法对应的设备，上述各实施例中的实现方式均适用于该设备的实施例中，也能达到相同的技术效果。本申请实施例提供的上述设备，能够实现上述方法实施例所实现的所有方法步骤，且能够达到相同的技术效果，在此不再对本实施例中与方法实施例相同的部分及有益效果进行具体赘述。
请参照图10，本申请实施例提供的第二设备的另一种结构示意图，该第二设备包括：处理器1001、收发机1002、存储器1003、用户接口1004和总线接口。
在本申请实施例中，终端还包括：存储在存储器上1003并可在处理器1001上运行的程序。
所述处理器1001执行所述程序时实现以下步骤：
接收第一设备发送的第一参考分组，记录所述第一参考分组的第一接收时间戳，并从所述第一参考分组提取第一发送时间戳；以及，接收所述第一设备发送的第一被测分组，记录所述第一被测分组的第二接收时间戳，并从所述第一被测分组提取第二发送时间戳；
根据所述第一发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延相关信息，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延；其中，所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术。
其中，在一实施例中，所述处理器执行所述程序时还实现以下步骤：
根据以下公式，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延：
Dtarget＝Tr2+Ts1-Tr1-Ts2+Dref
其中，Ts1、Ts2、Tr1、Tr2和Dref分别表示所述第一发送时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考时延相关信息，Dtarget则表示所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延。
在一实施例中，所述处理器执行所述程序时还实现以下步骤：
在计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延之前，以所述第一设备作为发送设备，所述第二设备作为接收设备，查找参考时延信息表，得到参考分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延相关信息；其中，所述参考时延信息表中包括有参考分组在不同的发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息。
在一实施例中，所述第一参考分组是与所述第一被测分组在接收时间上最为接近的一个参考分组。
在一实施例中，所述处理器执行所述程序时还实现以下步骤：
按照以下步骤，获取所述参考分组在发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息：
配置网络转发设备的等长周期T，所述网络转发设备应用预设的调度和优先级的转发技术转发参考分组，且参考分组在设备内部的处理时延和队列缓存时延之和等于所述等长周期T；
根据网络拓扑和路由规则，确定从所述发送设备到接收设备之间的路由跳数和总链路长度，根据所述总链路长度，确定总链路传输时间；
计算2T与路由跳数的乘积，并与所述总链路传输时间相加，得到参考分组从所述发送设备传输到接收设备的参考时延相关信息。
在一实施例中，所述处理器执行所述程序时还实现以下步骤：
按照以下步骤，获取所述参考分组在发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息：
在发送设备和接收设备处分别外接全球卫星导航系统模块，对所述全球卫星导航系统模块对所述发送设备和接收设备进行时间同步；
接收所述发送设备发送的参考分组，记录所述参考分组的接收时间戳，并从所述参考分组中提取发送时间戳；
根据所述发送时间戳和接收时间戳，计算得到所述参考分组从所述发送设备传输到接收设备的参考时延相关信息。
在一实施例中，所述第一参考分组和第一被测分组均包括有一测量头，所述测量头中包括有作为发送设备的第一设备的标识、作为接收设备的第二设备的标识、以及对应的发送时间戳。
可理解地，本申请实施例中，所述计算机程序被处理器1001执行时可实现上述图5所示的方法实施例的各个过程，且能达到相同的技术效果，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。
在图10中，总线架构可以包括任意数量的互联的总线和桥，具体由处理器1001代表的一个或多个处理器和存储器1003代表的存储器的各种电路链接在一起。总线架构还可以将诸如外围设备、稳压器和功率管理电路等之类的各种其他电路链接在一起，这些都是本领域所公知的，因此，本文不再对其进行进一步描述。总线接口提供接口。收发机1002可以是多个元件，即包括发送机和接收机，提供用于在传输介质上与各种其他装置通信的单元。针对不同的用户设备，用户接口1004还可以是能够外接内接需要设备的接口，连接的设备包括但不限于小键盘、显示器、扬声器、麦克风、操纵杆等。
处理器1001负责管理总线架构和通常的处理，存储器1003可以存储处理器1001在执行操作时所使用的数据。
需要说明的是，该实施例中的设备是与上述图5所示的方法对应的设备，上述各实施例中的实现方式均适用于该设备的实施例中，也能达到相 同的技术效果。该设备中，收发机1002与存储器1003，以及收发机1002与处理器1001均可以通过总线接口通讯连接，处理器1001的功能也可以由收发机1002实现，收发机1002的功能也可以由处理器1001实现。在此需要说明的是，本申请实施例提供的上述设备，能够实现上述方法实施例所实现的所有方法步骤，且能够达到相同的技术效果，在此不再对本实施例中与方法实施例相同的部分及有益效果进行具体赘述。
在本申请的一些实施例中，还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有程序，该程序被处理器执行时实现以下步骤：
接收第一设备发送的第一参考分组，记录所述第一参考分组的第一接收时间戳，并从所述第一参考分组提取第一发送时间戳；以及，接收所述第一设备发送的第一被测分组，记录所述第一被测分组的第二接收时间戳，并从所述第一被测分组提取第二发送时间戳；
根据所述第一发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延相关信息，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延；其中，所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术。
该程序被处理器执行时能实现上述应用于第二设备侧的时延测量方法中的所有实现方式，且能达到相同的技术效果，为避免重复，此处不再赘述。
请参照图11，本申请实施例提供的第一设备的另一种结构示意图，该第一设备包括：处理器1101、收发机1102、存储器1103、用户接口1104和总线接口。
在本申请实施例中，终端还包括：存储在存储器上1103并可在处理器1101上运行的程序。
所述处理器1101执行所述程序时实现以下步骤：
为第一参考分组打上第一发送时间戳，并向第二设备发送所述第一参考分组；以及，为第一被测分组打上第二发送时间戳，并向第二设备发送所述第一被测分组；其中，所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术。
其中，在一实施例中，所述第一参考分组和第一被测分组均包括有一测量头，所述测量头中包括有作为发送设备的第一设备的标识、作为接收设备的第二设备的标识、以及对应的发送时间戳。
可理解地，本申请实施例中，所述计算机程序被处理器1101执行时可实现上述图6所示的方法实施例的各个过程，且能达到相同的技术效果，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。
在图11中，总线架构可以包括任意数量的互联的总线和桥，具体由处理器1101代表的一个或多个处理器和存储器1103代表的存储器的各种电 路链接在一起。总线架构还可以将诸如外围设备、稳压器和功率管理电路等之类的各种其他电路链接在一起，这些都是本领域所公知的，因此，本文不再对其进行进一步描述。总线接口提供接口。收发机1102可以是多个元件，即包括发送机和接收机，提供用于在传输介质上与各种其他装置通信的单元。针对不同的用户设备，用户接口1104还可以是能够外接内接需要设备的接口，连接的设备包括但不限于小键盘、显示器、扬声器、麦克风、操纵杆等。
处理器1101负责管理总线架构和通常的处理，存储器1103可以存储处理器1101在执行操作时所使用的数据。
需要说明的是，该实施例中的设备是与上述图6所示的方法对应的设备，上述各实施例中的实现方式均适用于该设备的实施例中，也能达到相同的技术效果。该设备中，收发机1102与存储器1103，以及收发机1102与处理器1101均可以通过总线接口通讯连接，处理器1101的功能也可以由收发机1102实现，收发机1102的功能也可以由处理器1101实现。在此需要说明的是，本申请实施例提供的上述设备，能够实现上述方法实施例所实现的所有方法步骤，且能够达到相同的技术效果，在此不再对本实施例中与方法实施例相同的部分及有益效果进行具体赘述。
在本申请的一些实施例中，还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有程序，该程序被处理器执行时实现以下步骤：
为第一参考分组打上第一发送时间戳，并向第二设备发送所述第一参考分组；以及，为第一被测分组打上第二发送时间戳，并向第二设备发送所述第一被测分组；其中，所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术。
该程序被处理器执行时能实现上述应用于第一设备侧的时延测量方法中的所有实现方式，且能达到相同的技术效果，为避免重复，此处不再赘述。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另 外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本申请实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对相关技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述的方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种时延测量方法，包括：
    第二设备接收第一设备发送的第一参考分组，记录所述第一参考分组的第一接收时间戳，并从所述第一参考分组提取第一发送时间戳；以及，接收所述第一设备发送的第一被测分组，记录所述第一被测分组的第二接收时间戳，并从所述第一被测分组提取第二发送时间戳；
    所述第二设备根据所述第一发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延相关信息，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延；其中，所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述根据所述第一发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延，包括：
    根据以下公式，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延：
    Dtarget＝Tr2+Ts1-Tr1-Ts2+Dref
    其中，Ts1、Ts2、Tr1、Tr2和Dref分别表示所述第一发送时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考时延相关信息，Dtarget则表示所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延之前，所述方法还包括：
    以所述第一设备作为发送设备，所述第二设备作为接收设备，查找参考时延信息表，得到第一参考分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延相关信息。
  4. 如权利要求1至3任一项所述的方法，其中，所述第二设备接收第一设备发送的第一参考分组，具体包括：
    所述第二设备接收所述第一设备发送的至少一个参考分组，从所述至少一个参考分组中选择出与与所述第一被测分组在接收时间上最为接近的一个参考分组作为所述第一参考分组。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，按照以下步骤，获取所述参考分组在发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息：
    配置网络转发设备的等长周期T，所述网络转发设备应用预设的调度和优先级的转发技术转发参考分组，且参考分组在设备内部的处理时延和队列缓存时延之和等于所述等长周期T；
    根据网络拓扑和路由规则，确定从所述发送设备到接收设备之间的路由跳数和总链路长度，根据所述总链路长度，确定总链路传输时间；
    计算2T与路由跳数的乘积，并与所述总链路传输时间相加，得到参考分组从所述发送设备传输到接收设备的参考时延相关信息。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，按照以下步骤，获取所述参考分组在发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息：
    在发送设备和接收设备处分别外接全球卫星导航系统模块，对所述全球卫星导航系统模块对所述发送设备和接收设备进行时间同步；
    接收所述发送设备发送的参考分组，记录所述参考分组的接收时间戳，并从所述参考分组中提取发送时间戳；
    根据所述发送时间戳和接收时间戳，计算得到所述参考分组从所述发送设备传输到接收设备的参考时延相关信息。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述第一参考分组和第一被测分组均包括有一测量头，所述测量头中包括有作为发送设备的第一设备的标识、作为接收设备的第二设备的标识、以及对应的发送时间戳。
  8. 一种时延测量方法，包括：
    第一设备为第一参考分组打上第一发送时间戳，并向第二设备发送所述第一参考分组；以及，为第一被测分组打上第二发送时间戳，并向第二设备发送所述第一被测分组；其中，所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述第一参考分组和第一被测分组均包括有一测量头，所述测量头中包括有作为发送设备的第一设备的标识、作为接收设备的第二设备的标识、以及对应的发送时间戳。
  10. 一种第二设备，包括：
    入口时间戳模块，配置为在接收第一设备发送的第一参考分组时，记录所述第一参考分组的第一接收时间戳，以及，在接收所述第一设备发送的第一被测分组时，记录所述第一被测分组的第二接收时间戳；
    解封装模块，配置为从所述第一参考分组提取第一发送时间戳；以及，从所述第一被测分组提取第二发送时间戳；
    时延计算模块，配置为根据所述第一发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延相关信息，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延；其中，所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的第二设备，其中，
    时延计算模块，还配置为根据以下公式，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延：
    Dtarget＝Tr2+Ts1-Tr1-Ts2+Dref
    其中，Ts1、Ts2、Tr1、Tr2和Dref分别表示所述第一发送时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考时延相关信息，Dtarget则表示所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延相关信息。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的第二设备，其中，还包括：
    参考时延查找模块，配置为以所述第一设备作为发送设备，所述第二设备作为接收设备，查找参考时延信息表，得到第一参考分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延相关信息。
  13. 如权利要求10至12任一项所述的第二设备，其中，
    所述第一参考分组是与所述第一被测分组在接收时间上最为接近的一个参考分组。
  14. 如权利要求10所述的第二设备，其中，还包括：
    第一参考时延获取模块，配置为按照以下步骤，获取所述参考分组在发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息：
    配置网络转发设备的等长周期T，所述网络转发设备应用预设的调度和优先级的转发技术转发参考分组，且参考分组在设备内部的处理时延和队列缓存时延之和等于所述等长周期T；
    根据网络拓扑和路由规则，确定从所述发送设备到接收设备之间的路由跳数和总链路长度，根据所述总链路长度，确定总链路传输时间；
    计算2T与路由跳数的乘积，并与所述总链路传输时间相加，得到参考分组从所述发送设备传输到接收设备的参考时延相关信息。
  15. 如权利要求10所述的第二设备，其中，还包括：
    第二参考时延获取模块，配置为按照以下步骤，获取所述参考分组在发送设备和接收设备之间传输的参考时延相关信息：
    在发送设备和接收设备处分别外接全球卫星导航系统模块，对所述全球卫星导航系统模块对所述发送设备和接收设备进行时间同步；
    接收所述发送设备发送的参考分组，记录所述参考分组的接收时间戳，并从所述参考分组中提取发送时间戳；
    根据所述发送时间戳和接收时间戳，计算得到所述参考分组从所述发送设备传输到接收设备的参考时延相关信息。
  16. 如权利要求10所述的第二设备，其中，所述第一参考分组和第一被测分组均包括有一测量头，所述测量头中包括有作为发送设备的第一设备的标识、作为接收设备的第二设备的标识、以及对应的发送时间戳。
  17. 一种第二设备，包括收发机和处理器，其中，
    所述收发机，配置为接收第一设备发送的第一参考分组，记录所述第一参考分组的第一接收时间戳，并从所述第一参考分组提取第一发送时间戳；以及，接收所述第一设备发送的第一被测分组，记录所述第一 被测分组的第二接收时间戳，并从所述第一被测分组提取第二发送时间戳；
    所述处理器，配置为根据所述第一发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的第一参考时延相关信息，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延；其中，所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的第二设备，其中，
    所述处理器，还配置为根据以下公式，计算所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延：
    Dtarget＝Tr2+Ts1-Tr1-Ts2+Dref
    其中，Ts1、Ts2、Tr1、Tr2和Dref分别表示所述第一发送时间戳、第二发送时间戳、第一接收时间戳、第二接收时间戳和第一参考时延相关信息，Dtarget则表示所述第一被测分组从第一设备传输到第二设备的传输时延相关信息。
  19. 一种第二设备，包括：处理器、存储器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的程序，所述程序被所述处理器执行时实现如权利要求1至7任一项所述的方法的步骤。
  20. 一种第一设备，包括：
    出口时间戳模块，配置为为第一参考分组打上第一发送时间戳，以及，为第一被测分组打上第二发送时间戳，其中，所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术；
    封装模块，配置为将所述第一发送时间戳封装在第一参考分组中，并向第二设备发送所述第一参考分组，以及，将所述第二发送时间戳封装在第一被测分组中，并向所述第二设备发送所述第一被测分组。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的第一设备，其中，所述第一参考分组和第一被测分组均包括有一测量头，所述测量头中包括有作为发送设备的第一设备的标识、作为接收设备的第二设备的标识、以及对应的发送时间戳；
    所述封装模块，还配置为将所述第一发送时间戳、第一设备和第二设备的标识封装在第一参考分组的测量头中，以及，将所述第二发送时间戳、第一设备和第二设备的标识封装在第一被测分组的测量头中。
  22. 一种第一设备，包括收发机和处理器，其中，
    所述处理器，配置为为第一参考分组打上第一发送时间戳，以及，为第一被测分组打上第二发送时间戳，其中，所述第一参考分组在第一设备到第二设备的传输采用了端到端传输时延保障技术；
    所述收发机，配置为将所述第一发送时间戳封装在第一参考分组中，并向第二设备发送所述第一参考分组，以及，将所述第二发送时间戳封 装在第一被测分组中，并向所述第二设备发送所述第一被测分组。
  23. 一种第一设备，包括：处理器、存储器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的程序，所述程序被所述处理器执行时实现如权利要求8至9任一项所述的方法的步骤。
  24. 一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质上存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1至9任一项所述的方法的步骤。
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CN101510834A (zh) * 2008-02-15 2009-08-19 中国移动通信集团公司 端到端网络时延的测量方法、装置及系统
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