WO2022168806A1 - ネガ型感光性組成物及び中空構造体の製造方法 - Google Patents
ネガ型感光性組成物及び中空構造体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022168806A1 WO2022168806A1 PCT/JP2022/003700 JP2022003700W WO2022168806A1 WO 2022168806 A1 WO2022168806 A1 WO 2022168806A1 JP 2022003700 W JP2022003700 W JP 2022003700W WO 2022168806 A1 WO2022168806 A1 WO 2022168806A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- carbon atoms
- component
- formula
- groups
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- -1 acrylate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010538 cationic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003211 polymerization photoinitiator Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 151
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 121
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 112
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 87
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 87
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 84
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 66
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 55
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 47
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 46
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 43
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 38
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 35
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 32
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 31
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 26
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 25
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 22
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 20
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 19
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 17
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 16
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 16
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- FVCSARBUZVPSQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl)-7-methyl-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1C(C(OC2=O)=O)C2C(C)=CC1C1C(=O)COC1=O FVCSARBUZVPSQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 12
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 12
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamantane Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC1CC2C3 ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 9
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- QUZSUMLPWDHKCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A dimethacrylate Chemical class C1=CC(OC(=O)C(=C)C)=CC=C1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OC(=O)C(C)=C)C=C1 QUZSUMLPWDHKCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 8
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000013039 cover film Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 7
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 7
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 6
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 6
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 description 6
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- PQJUJGAVDBINPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-thioxanthene Chemical class C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 PQJUJGAVDBINPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000004844 aliphatic epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- UMRZSTCPUPJPOJ-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornane Chemical compound C1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1C2 UMRZSTCPUPJPOJ-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 5
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical class N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)=O CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1,3-benzoxazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002868 norbornyl group Chemical group C12(CCC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000010897 surface acoustic wave method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC)(OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PUGOMSLRUSTQGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-di(prop-2-enoyloxy)propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C PUGOMSLRUSTQGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004924 2-naphthylethyl group Chemical group C1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)CC* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8beta-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy)-14-acetoxytithifolin Natural products COC(=O)C(C)O LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 3
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical group C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical class CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ULQMPOIOSDXIGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C ULQMPOIOSDXIGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MPIAGWXWVAHQBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-[[3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2,2-bis(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)C=C)(COC(=O)C=C)COCC(COC(=O)C=C)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C MPIAGWXWVAHQBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FHLPGTXWCFQMIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-(4-prop-2-enoyloxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=1C=C(OC(=O)C=C)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OC(=O)C=C)C=C1 FHLPGTXWCFQMIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GUCYFKSBFREPBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [phenyl-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphoryl]-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(=O)P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)C1=C(C)C=C(C)C=C1C GUCYFKSBFREPBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005192 alkyl ethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 3
- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 3
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002108 rapid electrokinetic patterning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005750 substituted cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 3
- BJFHJALOWQJJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-methoxy-3-methylpentyl) acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)(OC)CCOC(C)=O BJFHJALOWQJJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1CC KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012956 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl-ketone Substances 0.000 description 2
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OJVAMHKKJGICOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-hexanedione Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(C)=O OJVAMHKKJGICOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FPZWZCWUIYYYBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOC(C)=O FPZWZCWUIYYYBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C=C LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxohexane Chemical compound CCCCC(C)=O QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIJYFLXQHDOQGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4,6-trioxo-3,5-bis(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCN1C(=O)N(CCOC(=O)C=C)C(=O)N(CCOC(=O)C=C)C1=O YIJYFLXQHDOQGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFCMNSHQOZQILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XFCMNSHQOZQILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCLJOFJIQIJXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C HCLJOFJIQIJXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DZZAHLOABNWIFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxy-1,2-diphenylethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCCC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DZZAHLOABNWIFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006176 2-ethylbutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- ZWUWDFWEMWMTHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxybutyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(OC)COC(C)=O ZWUWDFWEMWMTHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004493 2-methylbut-1-yl group Chemical group CC(C*)CC 0.000 description 2
- 125000005916 2-methylpentyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZPVFWPFBNIEHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octanone Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)=O ZPVFWPFBNIEHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QMYGFTJCQFEDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxybutyl acetate Chemical compound COC(C)CCOC(C)=O QMYGFTJCQFEDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005917 3-methylpentyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoxyprop-1-ene Chemical group C=CCOCC=C ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVBLNCFGVYUYGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 VVBLNCFGVYUYGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-heptanone Chemical compound CCCC(=O)CCC HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LMLBDDCTBHGHEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxybutyl acetate Chemical compound COCCCCOC(C)=O LMLBDDCTBHGHEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFWSICBKRCICMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-hexanone Chemical compound CC(C)CCC(C)=O FFWSICBKRCICMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- XXRCUYVCPSWGCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl pyruvate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=O XXRCUYVCPSWGCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexa-Ac-myo-Inositol Natural products CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC(C)=O SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWATWSYOIIXYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 PWATWSYOIIXYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C(C)=C)COC(=O)C(C)=C OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical group C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010047571 Visual impairment Diseases 0.000 description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenyl]methanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2(O)CCCCC2)C=1C1(O)CCCCC1 MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- MZRQZJOUYWKDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphoryl-(2,3,4-trimethylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound CC1=C(C)C(C)=CC=C1C(=O)P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MZRQZJOUYWKDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940117360 ethyl pyruvate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- GIMBWMBFSHKEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)=O.CCCCCC(C)=O GIMBWMBFSHKEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MLFHJEHSLIIPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)CCOC(C)=O MLFHJEHSLIIPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 description 2
- HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)CC(C)(C)C1 HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound COCCC(=O)OC BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CWKLZLBVOJRSOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl pyruvate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=O CWKLZLBVOJRSOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VKCYHJWLYTUGCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(C)=O VKCYHJWLYTUGCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005017 substituted alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thianthrene Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N (+)-borneol Chemical group C1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMHYWKBKHMYRNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chlorophenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 VMHYWKBKHMYRNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCRJSEARWSNVQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-methoxy-2-methylpentyl) acetate Chemical compound CCC(OC)C(C)COC(C)=O WCRJSEARWSNVQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYNQKSJRFHJZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-methoxy-3-methylbutyl) acetate Chemical compound COC(C)(C)CCOC(C)=O RYNQKSJRFHJZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJBWZINBJGQQQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methoxy-3-methylpentyl) acetate Chemical compound COC(C)C(C)CCOC(C)=O XJBWZINBJGQQQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAVJODPBTLNBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methoxy-4-methylpentyl) acetate Chemical compound COC(C)(C)CCCOC(C)=O QAVJODPBTLNBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFJJYOKMAAQFHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methoxy-5,5-dimethylcyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)C(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KFJJYOKMAAQFHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCLLJCFJFOBGDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC(Br)=CC=C1Cl PCLLJCFJFOBGDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SASYHUDIOGGZCN-ARJAWSKDSA-N (z)-2-ethylbut-2-enedioic acid Chemical compound CC\C(C(O)=O)=C\C(O)=O SASYHUDIOGGZCN-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NALFRYPTRXKZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CC(C)(C)CC(OOC(C)(C)C)(OOC(C)(C)C)C1 NALFRYPTRXKZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHXSXTIIDBZEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octamethylanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical class CC1=C(C)C(C)=C2C(=O)C3=C(C)C(C)=C(C)C(C)=C3C(=O)C2=C1C XHXSXTIIDBZEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYWOJODOMFBVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,6-trimethylphenanthrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2C3=CC(C)=CC=C3C=CC2=C1C MYWOJODOMFBVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSAHTMIQULFMRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphenyl-2-propan-2-yloxyethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MSAHTMIQULFMRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDYWHVQKENANGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Butyleneglycol dimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C VDYWHVQKENANGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRASJONUBLZVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxonaphthalene Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)C=CC(=O)C2=C1 FRASJONUBLZVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOKGTLAJQHTOKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1O BOKGTLAJQHTOKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKEGCUDAFWNSSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-dibromooctane Chemical compound BrCCCCCCCCBr DKEGCUDAFWNSSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UICXTANXZJJIBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-hydroperoxycyclohexyl)peroxycyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound C1CCCCC1(O)OOC1(OO)CCCCC1 UICXTANXZJJIBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSZYESUNPWGWFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-hydroperoxypropan-2-yl)-4-methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCC(C(C)(C)OO)CC1 XSZYESUNPWGWFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLKIVXXYTZKNMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-dodecylphenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C(=O)C(C)(C)O)C=C1 MLKIVXXYTZKNMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMDHDEPPVWETOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanone Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C=C1 IMDHDEPPVWETOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMCRQYHCDSXNLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2,2-dichloroethanone Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)C(Cl)Cl)C=C1 VMCRQYHCDSXNLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYFJYGWNYQCHOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1 UYFJYGWNYQCHOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUTHQCGFZNYPIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl]cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCC1(C(O)=O)CCCCC1C(O)=O YUTHQCGFZNYPIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDQNWDNMNKSMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(C)COC(C)COCC(C)OC(=O)C=C ZDQNWDNMNKSMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HUDYANRNMZDQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethanone Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(C)=O)C=C1 HUDYANRNMZDQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONCICIKBSHQJTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]propan-1-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 ONCICIKBSHQJTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical class CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKQJCUYEEABXNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-propoxythioxanthen-9-one Chemical class S1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(OCCC)=CC=C2Cl VKQJCUYEEABXNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIPRQQHINVWJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropan-2-yl acetate Chemical compound CCOCC(C)OC(C)=O LIPRQQHINVWJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006218 1-ethylbutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QQLIGMASAVJVON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthalen-1-ylethanone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)C)=CC=CC2=C1 QQLIGMASAVJVON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWAWZFNQHTTXAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylprop-1-en-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)=CC1=CC=CC=C1 CWAWZFNQHTTXAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMFAHCVITRDZQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propoxypropan-2-yl acetate Chemical compound CCCOCC(C)OC(C)=O DMFAHCVITRDZQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYQASEVIBPSPMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HYQASEVIBPSPMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAMHTTBNEJBIKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trichloro-1-phenylethanone Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OAMHTTBNEJBIKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERJZAHSUZVMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1-phenylethanone Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CERJZAHSUZVMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIZHFBODNLEQBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-diethoxy-1-phenylethanone Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PIZHFBODNLEQBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZWVPGJPVCYAOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diphenylanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C=1C=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 LZWVPGJPVCYAOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXUMYHZTYVPBEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tris(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C1=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=N1 DXUMYHZTYVPBEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFUCEQWAFQMGOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diethyl-9h-thioxanthene Chemical class C1=CC=C2CC3=CC(CC)=CC(CC)=C3SC2=C1 MFUCEQWAFQMGOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTJPUDCSZVCXFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diethylthioxanthen-9-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(CC)=CC(CC)=C3SC2=C1 BTJPUDCSZVCXFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCHAFMWSFCONOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethylthioxanthen-9-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(C)=CC(C)=C3SC2=C1 LCHAFMWSFCONOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASUQXIDYMVXFKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dibromo-9,9-dimethylfluorene Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C=C2C(C)(C)C3=CC=C(Br)C=C3C2=C1 ASUQXIDYMVXFKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOC(C)=O VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBZBISQOWJYWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(O)=O VBZBISQOWJYWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXXFZKQPYACQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOCCO XXXFZKQPYACQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJINVQNEBGOMCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound COCCOCCOC(C)=O BJINVQNEBGOMCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMRPQUDARIAGBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 FMRPQUDARIAGBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWQAFGZJIHVLGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-propoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCCOCCOCCOC(C)=O GWQAFGZJIHVLGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBYTTXAEDHUVAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-butoxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=CC(OCCCC)=CC=C1C1=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=N1 XBYTTXAEDHUVAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRHHZFRCJDAUNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=N1 QRHHZFRCJDAUNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJKGAPPUXSSCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(=O)C1=CC=C(OCCO)C=C1 GJKGAPPUXSSCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-4-heptanone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(=O)CC(C)C PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYEWHONLFGZGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[1,3-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propan-2-yloxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCC(OCC1OC1)COCC1CO1 SYEWHONLFGZGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMYINDVYGQKYMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butoxymethyl]-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CC)(CO)CO WMYINDVYGQKYMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBNDGEZENJUBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl]butanedioic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O LBNDGEZENJUBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFZBUNLOTDDXNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propoxy]propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(C)OCC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C JFZBUNLOTDDXNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJRNXDIVAGHETA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1C=CC1=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=N1 ZJRNXDIVAGHETA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLLZAHSARJPHSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1C=CC1=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=N1 BLLZAHSARJPHSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOPKKHCDIAYUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)ethenyl]-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound O1C(C)=CC=C1C=CC1=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=N1 XOPKKHCDIAYUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNDRGJCVJPHPOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(furan-2-yl)ethenyl]-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C1=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=NC(C=CC=2OC=CC=2)=N1 PNDRGJCVJPHPOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWSSEYVMGDIFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HWSSEYVMGDIFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWDBMKZHFCSOOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propoxy]propoxy]propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)COC(C)COC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C OWDBMKZHFCSOOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTHJXDSHSVNJKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LTHJXDSHSVNJKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]acetate;iron(3+) Chemical compound [Fe+3].OCCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- AGEXUCKZTAUZJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4,6-bis[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCC1=NC(CCOC(=O)C(C)=C)=NC(CCOC(=O)C(C)=C)=N1 AGEXUCKZTAUZJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQXYAONREUURJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(dimethylamino)-2-ethylhexyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound CCC(N(C)C)CC(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O LQXYAONREUURJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLDLPVSQYMQDBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-2,2-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethoxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCC(COCC1OC1)(COCC1OC1)COCC1CO1 PLDLPVSQYMQDBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDSUVTROAWLVJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO FDSUVTROAWLVJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHFFVFAKEGKNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-morpholin-4-ylphenyl)butan-1-one Chemical compound C=1C=C(N2CCOCC2)C=CC=1C(=O)C(CC)(N(C)C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UHFFVFAKEGKNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQBXSWAWVZHKBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOC(C)=O NQBXSWAWVZHKBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRJYGQAACVZSEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-9h-thioxanthene Chemical class C1=CC=C2CC3=CC(Cl)=CC=C3SC2=C1 HRJYGQAACVZSEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCDADJXRUCOCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorothioxanthen-9-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(Cl)=CC=C3SC2=C1 ZCDADJXRUCOCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMNCBSZOIQAUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxy-1,2-diphenylethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KMNCBSZOIQAUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IELTYWXGBMOKQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxybutyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(CC)COC(C)=O IELTYWXGBMOKQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVONRAPFKPVNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCCOC(C)=O SVONRAPFKPVNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJEBAWHUJDUKQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylanthraquinone Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(CC)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 SJEBAWHUJDUKQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIRQGKQPLPBZQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroperoxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)OO MIRQGKQPLPBZQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroperoxy-2-(2-hydroperoxybutan-2-ylperoxy)butane Chemical compound CCC(C)(OO)OOC(C)(CC)OO WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPXVRLXJHPTCPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl)propan-1-one Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)C(C)(C)O)C=C1 QPXVRLXJHPTCPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMLYCEVDHLAQEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMLYCEVDHLAQEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXDLWJWIAHWIKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCO HXDLWJWIAHWIKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- PPPFYBPQAPISCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl acetate Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)=O PPPFYBPQAPISCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLFWJIBUZQARMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-mercapto-1,3-benzoxazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2OC(S)=NC2=C1 FLFWJIBUZQARMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQZJOQXSCSZQPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-1,2-diphenylethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BQZJOQXSCSZQPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUAXPJTWOJMABP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxypentyl acetate Chemical compound CCCC(OC)COC(C)=O CUAXPJTWOJMABP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWRBVKNFOYUCNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)-2-morpholin-4-ylpropan-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1C(=O)C(C)(C)N1CCOCC1 LWRBVKNFOYUCNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LETDRANQSOEVCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound CC1=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=N1 LETDRANQSOEVCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATTLFLQPHSUNBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-9h-thioxanthene Chemical class C1=CC=C2CC3=CC(C)=CC=C3SC2=C1 ATTLFLQPHSUNBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPBWMJBZQXCSFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropanoyl 2-methylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)OOC(=O)C(C)C RPBWMJBZQXCSFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYISVPVWAQRUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(C)=CC=C3SC2=C1 MYISVPVWAQRUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHFKYDMBUMLWDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 WHFKYDMBUMLWDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGBVAGIVGBLKFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylbut-1-en-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(=CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 YGBVAGIVGBLKFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLLXMBCBJGATSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenol Chemical compound OC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XLLXMBCBJGATSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQAAXANYWPZYJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-yl-9h-thioxanthene Chemical class C1=CC=C2CC3=CC(C(C)C)=CC=C3SC2=C1 SQAAXANYWPZYJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTALPKYXQZGAEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-ylthioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(C(C)C)=CC=C3SC2=C1 KTALPKYXQZGAEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMAQLCVJIYANPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CCCOCCOC(C)=O QMAQLCVJIYANPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYYQKWASBLTRIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-trimethoxysilylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O WYYQKWASBLTRIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATVJJNGVPSKBGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydro-2h-thiopyran Chemical group C1CSC=CC1 ATVJJNGVPSKBGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWTKNKBWDQHROK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl]phthalic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCC1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O DWTKNKBWDQHROK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVXWWBFBRTXBRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromopyridine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1Br AVXWWBFBRTXBRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWTYTFSSTWXZFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroprop-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound ClCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 IWTYTFSSTWXZFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMUMFCGQLRQGCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxypentyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(OC)CCOC(C)=O NMUMFCGQLRQGCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MECNWXGGNCJFQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-piperidin-1-ylpropane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCC(O)CN1CCCCC1 MECNWXGGNCJFQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQMIAEWUVYWVNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoyloxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(C)CCOC(=O)C=C FQMIAEWUVYWVNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKISUZLXOYGIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OKISUZLXOYGIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOJWAAUYNWGQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XOJWAAUYNWGQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQEGODYTGXKGEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(dimethylamino)-2-(3-methylbutyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCC1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(O)=O SQEGODYTGXKGEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDIYEOMDOWUDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 YDIYEOMDOWUDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLLOXKZNPPDLGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-[4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]ethenyl]-n,n-diethyl-3-methylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C=CC1=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=N1 BLLOXKZNPPDLGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBWLLBDCDDWTBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethoxybutyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCCCCOC(C)=O VBWLLBDCDDWTBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQILQHFLUYJMSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxypentyl acetate Chemical compound COC(C)CCCOC(C)=O GQILQHFLUYJMSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRFAXWWHJWIUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxytriazine Chemical compound COC1=CC=NN=N1 PRFAXWWHJWIUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGVHNLRUAMRIEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylcyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)CC1 VGVHNLRUAMRIEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHWGFJBTMHEZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-prop-2-enoyloxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCOC(=O)C=C JHWGFJBTMHEZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XGBAEJOFXMSUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propoxybutyl acetate Chemical compound CCCOCCCCOC(C)=O XGBAEJOFXMSUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMVWCPGVLSILMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-dihydrodibenzo[2,1-b:2',1'-f][7]annulen-11-one Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C21 BMVWCPGVLSILMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(O)=O)=NN1 WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAPGBCWOQLHKKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)hexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SAPGBCWOQLHKKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXHZPGSSIWOFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-(3-acridin-9-ylpropyl)acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCCC=3C4=CC=CC=C4N=C4C=CC=CC4=3)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=NC2=C1 RXHZPGSSIWOFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPRFSEGUKLMSFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-(5-acridin-9-ylpentyl)acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCCCCC=3C4=CC=CC=C4N=C4C=CC=CC4=3)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=NC2=C1 IPRFSEGUKLMSFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDTZWEXADJYOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-(7-acridin-9-ylheptyl)acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCCCCCCC=3C4=CC=CC=C4N=C4C=CC=CC4=3)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=NC2=C1 YDTZWEXADJYOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSOHZXVUUOEOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-ethoxyanthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OCC)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=CC2=C1 LSOHZXVUUOEOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTRFEWTWIPAXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-phenylacridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C(C=CC=C2)C2=NC2=CC=CC=C12 MTRFEWTWIPAXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical group C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101001074560 Arabidopsis thaliana Aquaporin PIP1-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXPZDYVDTMMLNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl ethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC1=CC=CC=C1 AXPZDYVDTMMLNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRABAEUHTLLEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl lactate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)O MRABAEUHTLLEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-Et ester-Fumaric acid Natural products CCOC(=O)C=CC(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diacetyl Chemical group CC(=O)C(C)=O QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-WAYWQWQTSA-N Diethyl maleate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical class COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJMWOMHMDSDKGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(C)C IJMWOMHMDSDKGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013641 LiNbO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NQSMEZJWJJVYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl 2-benzoylbenzoate Chemical class COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NQSMEZJWJJVYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRQNANDWMGAFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacetoacetic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(C)=O WRQNANDWMGAFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCC#N RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- DUFKCOQISQKSAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Polypropylene glycol (m w 1,200-3,000) Chemical class CC(O)COC(C)CO DUFKCOQISQKSAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000028419 Styrax benzoin Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000126 Styrax benzoin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008411 Sumatra benzointree Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical group C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-O Thiophenium Chemical group [SH+]1C=CC=C1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUDXBRVLWDGRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)-2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(CO)(COC(=O)C(C)=C)COC(=O)C(C)=C JUDXBRVLWDGRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CO)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRMBQHTWUBGQDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-[2,2-bis(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)butoxymethyl]-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)butyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)C=C)(CC)COCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C XRMBQHTWUBGQDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKIDFMYWMSBSRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CCC(COC(=O)C(C)=C)CC1 NKIDFMYWMSBSRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOZAQBYNLKNDRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [diacetyloxy(ethenyl)silyl] acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Si](OC(C)=O)(OC(C)=O)C=C NOZAQBYNLKNDRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005370 alkoxysilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001346 alkyl aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940072049 amyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous amyl acetate Natural products CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthrone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3CC2=C1 RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001204 arachidyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002635 aromatic organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002511 behenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- LHMRXAIRPKSGDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[a]anthracene-7,12-dione Chemical class C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C2=O LHMRXAIRPKSGDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002130 benzoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VYHBFRJRBHMIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]methanone Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(N(CC)CC)C=C1 VYHBFRJRBHMIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- YFNONBGXNFCTMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butoxybenzene Chemical compound CCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 YFNONBGXNFCTMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001191 butyl (2R)-2-hydroxypropanoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAZUOXBHFXAWMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-oxopropanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=O ZAZUOXBHFXAWMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOYJYXHISWUSDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 FOYJYXHISWUSDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043232 butyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DFFDSQBEGQFJJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M butyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC([O-])=O DFFDSQBEGQFJJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NMJJFJNHVMGPGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl formate Chemical group CCCCOC=O NMJJFJNHVMGPGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000480 butynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000846 camphor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930008380 camphor Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000001951 carbamoylamino group Chemical group C(N)(=O)N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004956 cyclohexylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229930007927 cymene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012933 diacyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-ALWQSETLSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=2[34S]C3=C(C=21)C=CC=C3 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-ALWQSETLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-BQYQJAHWSA-N dibutyl (e)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)OCCCC JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940105990 diglycerin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical group C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYAAVKFHBMJOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diimidazo[1,3-b:1',3'-e]pyrazine-5,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CN=CN2C(=O)C2=CN=CN12 UYAAVKFHBMJOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical class CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- ODQWQRRAPPTVAG-GZTJUZNOSA-N doxepin Chemical compound C1OC2=CC=CC=C2C(=C/CCN(C)C)/C2=CC=CC=C21 ODQWQRRAPPTVAG-GZTJUZNOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- YQGOJNYOYNNSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N eosin Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(Br)C(=O)C(Br)=C2OC2=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C21 YQGOJNYOYNNSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940009714 erythritol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QUPDWYMUPZLYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl Chemical compound C[CH2] QUPDWYMUPZLYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKSRFHWWBKRUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-ethoxyacetate Chemical compound CCOCC(=O)OCC CKSRFHWWBKRUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHKJHMOIRYZSTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-ethoxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(C)C(=O)OCC UHKJHMOIRYZSTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLEKJZUYWFJPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methoxyacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)COC JLEKJZUYWFJPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHXIWUJLHYHGSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOCCC(=O)OCC BHXIWUJLHYHGSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJUHLFUALMUWOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCOC IJUHLFUALMUWOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBRXLTRZCJVAPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC SBRXLTRZCJVAPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003828 free initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019382 gum benzoic Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000755 henicosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000005549 heteroarylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanal Chemical compound CCCCCC=O JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002432 hydroperoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLSMFKSTNGKWQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CO XLSMFKSTNGKWQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000671 immersion lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930002839 ionone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002499 ionone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940117955 isoamyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001261 isocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=O 0.000 description 1
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M isovalerate Chemical compound CC(C)CC([O-])=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003903 lactic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 description 1
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTRIMLCPYJAPPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC.OC.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C OTRIMLCPYJAPPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940057867 methyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N mono-hydroxyphenyl-ethylene Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1C=C JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(O)=O CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006606 n-butoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003506 n-propoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001196 nonadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- GYHFUZHODSMOHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=O GYHFUZHODSMOHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- NUJGJRNETVAIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=O NUJGJRNETVAIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cymene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXTZRIBXKVRLOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N padimate a Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 LXTZRIBXKVRLOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FZUGPQWGEGAKET-UHFFFAOYSA-N parbenate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 FZUGPQWGEGAKET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005062 perfluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005634 peroxydicarbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GJSGGHOYGKMUPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxathiine Chemical group C1=CC=C2OC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GJSGGHOYGKMUPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCCDLTOVEPVEJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QCCDLTOVEPVEJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFZANLXOAFSSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphide(1-) Chemical compound [P-] FFZANLXOAFSSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- FSDNTQSJGHSJBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidine-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1CCNCC1 FSDNTQSJGHSJBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC(C)C BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPVDWEHVCUBACK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propoxycarbonyloxy propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OOC(=O)OCCC YPVDWEHVCUBACK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILVGAIQLOCKNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)O ILVGAIQLOCKNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILPVOWZUBFRIAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-oxopropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=O ILPVOWZUBFRIAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCMFJIHDWDKYIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCOC JCMFJIHDWDKYIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOWDZVNRQHPXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(O)=O FOWDZVNRQHPXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940116423 propylene glycol diacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007261 regionalization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940081623 rose bengal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930187593 rose bengal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- STRXNPAVPKGJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N rose bengal A Natural products O1C(=O)C(C(=CC=C2Cl)Cl)=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 STRXNPAVPKGJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDNLFJGJEQUWRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N rose bengal free acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1C1=C2C=C(I)C(=O)C(I)=C2OC2=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 VDNLFJGJEQUWRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002345 steroid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 7,7-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- MAKDTFFYCIMFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium tungsten Chemical compound [Ti].[W] MAKDTFFYCIMFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006168 tricyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/68—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/0042—Photosensitive materials with inorganic or organometallic light-sensitive compounds not otherwise provided for, e.g. inorganic resists
- G03F7/0043—Chalcogenides; Silicon, germanium, arsenic or derivatives thereof; Metals, oxides or alloys thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/0047—Photosensitive materials characterised by additives for obtaining a metallic or ceramic pattern, e.g. by firing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/028—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with photosensitivity-increasing substances, e.g. photoinitiators
- G03F7/029—Inorganic compounds; Onium compounds; Organic compounds having hetero atoms other than oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur
- G03F7/0295—Photolytic halogen compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/075—Silicon-containing compounds
- G03F7/0752—Silicon-containing compounds in non photosensitive layers or as additives, e.g. for dry lithography
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative photosensitive composition and a method for producing a hollow structure.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-018152 filed in Japan on February 8, 2021, the content of which is incorporated herein.
- a package in which such an electronic device is sealed has a hollow structure for ensuring propagation of surface acoustic waves and movability of movable members of the electronic device.
- a photosensitive composition is used for forming the hollow structure, and the package is manufactured by molding while the wiring substrate on which the electrodes are formed is kept hollow.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a process of forming a cavity securing portion to cover Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) formed on a substrate to produce a hollow structure, and sealing the entire hollow structure by transfer molding. and sealing with a stop layer. Further, Patent Document 1 discloses a negative photosensitive composition containing an epoxy group-containing compound and a cationic polymerization initiator.
- MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
- the cavity securing portion is formed as follows. After applying a photosensitive composition around the MEMS, exposure through a photomask, post-exposure bake (PEB), and development are performed to form sidewalls. Next, from the dry film resist in which the base film, the photosensitive composition layer and the cover film are laminated in this order, the cover film is peeled off and laminated above the side wall to form the top plate portion, and the photo film is formed again. Exposure, PEB, and development are performed through a mask, and unnecessary portions are removed to fabricate the top plate portion, thereby forming the cavity securing portion.
- PEB post-exposure bake
- the cavity securing portion after development is further subjected to a high temperature heat treatment (curing operation) at, for example, 200° C. or higher. done. Due to the heat treatment of the PEB during fabrication of the hollow structure and the high-temperature heat treatment of the curing operation, the air inside the hollow structure expands, causing a phenomenon called doming, in which the top plate portion swells.
- a conventional negative-working photosensitive composition such as the negative-working photosensitive composition described in Patent Document 1 is used as the top plate of a hollow structure, a doming phenomenon occurs depending on the blending balance, resulting in a hollow structure. There is a problem that it becomes difficult to reduce the height of electronic components.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a negative photosensitive composition and a method for producing a hollow structure, in which deformation of the top plate due to heat treatment is suppressed.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a top plate portion of a hollow structure containing an epoxy group-containing compound, a cationic polymerization initiator, a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound, and a photoradical polymerization initiator.
- the first aspect of the present invention is a negative photosensitive composition containing an epoxy group-containing compound, a cationic polymerization initiator, a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound, and a photoradical polymerization initiator. , is used to form the top plate of the hollow structure.
- a second aspect of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a hollow structure comprising a concave portion and a top plate portion closing an opening surface of the concave portion, wherein the top plate portion is a negative electrode according to the first aspect.
- a method for producing a hollow structure using a photosensitive composition is a method for producing a hollow structure using a photosensitive composition.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a method for producing a negative photosensitive composition and a hollow structure, in which deformation of the top plate due to heat treatment is suppressed.
- alkyl group includes linear, branched and cyclic monovalent saturated hydrocarbon groups unless otherwise specified. The same applies to the alkyl group in the alkoxy group. Unless otherwise specified, the “alkylene group” includes straight-chain, branched-chain and cyclic divalent saturated hydrocarbon groups.
- a "halogenated alkyl group” is a group in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms of an alkyl group are substituted with halogen atoms, and examples of the halogen atoms include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms.
- a “fluorinated alkyl group” refers to a group in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms in an alkyl group have been substituted with fluorine atoms.
- a “structural unit” means a monomer unit (monomeric unit) that constitutes a polymer compound (resin, polymer, copolymer). When describing "optionally having a substituent”, when replacing a hydrogen atom (-H) with a monovalent group, and when replacing a methylene group (-CH 2 -) with a divalent group and both. “Exposure” is a concept that includes irradiation of radiation in general.
- the negative photosensitive composition (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “photosensitive composition”) of the present embodiment comprises an epoxy group-containing compound (A) (hereinafter also referred to as “(A) component”) and a polyfunctional (meta ) Acrylate compound (B) (hereinafter also referred to as “(B) component”), a photoradical polymerization initiator (C) (hereinafter also referred to as “(C) component”), and a cationic polymerization initiator (I) (hereinafter referred to as “ (I) Also referred to as “component”).
- a component epoxy group-containing compound
- B polyfunctional (meta ) Acrylate compound
- C photoradical polymerization initiator
- I cationic polymerization initiator
- the cationic portion of component (I) is converted into It decomposes to generate an acid, and the action of the acid causes ring-opening polymerization of the epoxy groups in the component (A), reducing the solubility of the component (A) in a developer containing an organic solvent.
- the solubility of the component (A) in a developer containing an organic solvent does not change. There is a difference in solubility in a developer containing Therefore, when the photosensitive resin film is developed with a developer containing an organic solvent, the unexposed portion is dissolved and removed to form a negative pattern.
- the epoxy group-containing compound (component (A)) includes compounds having sufficient epoxy groups in one molecule to form a negative pattern by exposure.
- the (A) component used in the photosensitive composition of the present embodiment includes novolac type epoxy resins, bisphenol type epoxy resins, aliphatic epoxy resins, acrylic resins, and the like.
- Novolak-type epoxy resin (hereinafter also referred to as "component (A1)"), epoxy resins represented by the following general formula (anv0) are suitable.
- R p1 and R p2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- a plurality of R p1 may be the same or different from each other.
- a plurality of R p2 may be the same or different from each other.
- n 1 is an integer from 1 to 5;
- REP is an epoxy group-containing group. Multiple REPs may be the same or different.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms of R p1 and R p2 is, for example, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Linear or branched alkyl groups include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, isopentyl group, neopentyl group and the like.
- a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, etc. are mentioned as a cyclic alkyl group.
- R p1 and R p2 are preferably a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a linear alkyl group, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- a plurality of R p1 may be the same or different.
- a plurality of R p2 may be the same or different from each other.
- n1 is an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 2 or 3, more preferably 2.
- REP is an epoxy group-containing group.
- the epoxy group-containing group of R EP is not particularly limited, and includes a group consisting only of an epoxy group; a group consisting only of an alicyclic epoxy group; an epoxy group or an alicyclic epoxy group and a divalent linking group. and a group having An alicyclic epoxy group is an alicyclic group having an oxacyclopropane structure which is a three-membered ring ether, and specifically a group having an alicyclic group and an oxacyclopropane structure.
- the alicyclic group that forms the basic skeleton of the alicyclic epoxy group may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- Examples of monocyclic alicyclic groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl groups.
- a norbornyl group, an isobornyl group, a tricyclononyl group, a tricyclodecyl group, a tetracyclododecyl group etc. are mentioned as a polycyclic alicyclic group.
- the hydrogen atoms of these alicyclic groups may be substituted with an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, or the like.
- the epoxy group or alicyclic epoxy It is preferred that the groups are attached.
- the divalent linking group is not particularly limited, but preferably includes a divalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom, and the like.
- Such a divalent hydrocarbon group may be an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group in the divalent hydrocarbon group may be saturated or unsaturated, and is usually preferably saturated. More specifically, the aliphatic hydrocarbon group includes a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a ring in its structure, and the like.
- the linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- a straight - chain alkylene group is preferable, and specifically, a methylene group [--CH.sub.2--], an ethylene group [-- ( CH.sub.2) .sub.2-- ], a trimethylene group [ -(CH 2 ) 3 -], tetramethylene group [-(CH 2 ) 4 -], pentamethylene group [-(CH 2 ) 5 -] and the like.
- the branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group preferably has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, still more preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and most preferably 2 or 3 carbon atoms.
- the branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably a branched alkylene group, and specifically, -CH(CH 3 )-, -CH(CH 2 CH 3 )-, -C(CH 3 ) 2- , -C(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 3 )-, -C(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 )-, -C(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 - and other alkylmethylene groups;- CH(CH 3 )CH 2 -, -CH(CH 3 )CH(CH 3 )-, -C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 -, -CH(CH 2 CH 3 )CH 2 -, -C(CH 2 Alkylethylene groups such as CH 3 ) 2
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a ring in the structure includes an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (a group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring), and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group that is linear or branched. Examples thereof include a group bonded to the end of a chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group and a group in which an alicyclic hydrocarbon group intervenes in the middle of a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group. Examples of the linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group include those mentioned above.
- the alicyclic hydrocarbon group preferably has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be a polycyclic group or a monocyclic group.
- the monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group a group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from a monocycloalkane is preferable.
- the monocycloalkane preferably has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and specific examples include cyclopentane and cyclohexane.
- the polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferably a group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from a polycycloalkane, and the polycycloalkane preferably has 7 to 12 carbon atoms. includes adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane, tetracyclododecane and the like.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group in the divalent hydrocarbon group is a hydrocarbon group having at least one aromatic ring.
- This aromatic ring is not particularly limited as long as it is a cyclic conjugated system having (4n+2) ⁇ electrons, and may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aromatic ring is preferably 5-30, more preferably 5-20, still more preferably 6-15, and particularly preferably 6-12.
- Specific examples of the aromatic ring include aromatic hydrocarbon rings such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene; mentioned.
- the heteroatom in the aromatic heterocycle includes oxygen atom, sulfur atom, nitrogen atom and the like.
- Specific examples of aromatic heterocycles include pyridine rings and thiophene rings.
- aromatic hydrocarbon groups include groups obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from the above aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocycle (arylene group or heteroarylene group); aromatic compounds containing two or more aromatic rings A group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from (e.g., biphenyl, fluorene, etc.); One of the hydrogen atoms of the group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocyclic ring (aryl group or heteroaryl group) A group in which one is substituted with an alkylene group (for example, a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a 1-naphthylmethyl group, a 2-naphthylmethyl group, a 1-naphthylethyl group, a hydrogen from an arylalkyl group such as a 2-naphthylethyl group) group from which one atom has been further removed), and the like.
- the divalent hydrocarbon group may have a substituent.
- a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group as a divalent hydrocarbon group may or may not have a substituent.
- the substituent include a fluorine atom, a fluorine-substituted fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and a carbonyl group.
- An alicyclic hydrocarbon group in an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a ring in its structure as a divalent hydrocarbon group may or may not have a substituent.
- substituents include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a halogenated alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group and the like.
- the alkyl group as the substituent is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, most preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group or a tert-butyl group.
- the alkoxy group as the substituent is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an iso-propoxy group, an n-butoxy group and a tert-butoxy group.
- a methoxy group and an ethoxy group are most preferred.
- the halogen atom as the substituent includes a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom and the like, and a fluorine atom is preferred.
- a hydrogen atom of the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a substituent.
- a hydrogen atom bonded to an aromatic ring in the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a substituent.
- the substituent include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a halogenated alkyl group, and a hydroxyl group.
- the alkyl group as the substituent is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, most preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group or a tert-butyl group.
- the alkoxy group, halogen atom and halogenated alkyl group as the substituent include those exemplified as the substituent for substituting the hydrogen atom of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
- the heteroatom in the heteroatom-containing bivalent linking group is an atom other than a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom, such as an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, a halogen atom and the like.
- Y 21 and Y 22 are each independently a divalent hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent; , O is an oxygen atom, and m′′ is an integer from 0 to 3. ] and the like.
- the H may be substituted with a substituent such as an alkyl group or acyl.
- the substituent alkyl group, acyl group, etc.
- the substituent preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Y 21 is preferably a straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group, more preferably a straight-chain alkylene group, more preferably a straight-chain alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and a methylene group or an ethylene group.
- Y 22 is preferably a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group, more preferably a methylene group, an ethylene group or an alkylmethylene group.
- the alkyl group in the alkylmethylene group is preferably a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and most preferably a methyl group.
- m′′ is an integer of 0 to 3, preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and 0 or 1 is more preferred, and 1 is particularly preferred.
- b' is an integer of 1 to 10, and 1 to 8 is preferred, an integer of 1 to 5 is more preferred, 1 or 2 is more preferred, and 1 is most preferred.
- a glycidyl group is preferable as the epoxy group-containing group in REP .
- a resin having a structural unit represented by the following general formula (anv1) is also suitable.
- REP is an epoxy group-containing group.
- R a22 and R a23 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom.
- the alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms for R a22 and R a23 are the same as the alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms for R p1 and R p2 in the formula (anv0). .
- the halogen atoms of R a22 and R a23 are preferably chlorine atoms or bromine atoms.
- REP is the same as REP in formula ( anv0 ), and is preferably a glycidyl group.
- the (A1) component may be a resin consisting only of the structural unit (anv1), or may be a resin having the structural unit (anv1) and other structural units.
- Other structural units include, for example, structural units represented by the following general formulas (anv2) to (anv3).
- R a24 is a hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent.
- R a25 to R a26 and R a28 to R a30 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom.
- R a27 is an epoxy group-containing group or a hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent.
- R a24 is a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.
- the hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent includes a linear or branched alkyl group or a cyclic hydrocarbon group.
- the linear alkyl group preferably has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, n-butyl group, n-pentyl group and the like. Among these, a methyl group, an ethyl group or an n-butyl group is preferable, and a methyl group or an ethyl group is more preferable.
- the branched-chain alkyl group preferably has 3 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 5 carbon atoms. Specific examples include an isopropyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an isopentyl group, a neopentyl group, a 1,1-diethylpropyl group and a 2,2-dimethylbutyl group, with an isopropyl group being preferred.
- R a24 is a cyclic hydrocarbon group
- the hydrocarbon group may be an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and may be a polycyclic group or a monocyclic group.
- the monocyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from a monocycloalkane is preferable.
- the monocycloalkane preferably has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and specific examples include cyclopentane and cyclohexane.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group which is a polycyclic group is preferably a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from a polycycloalkane, and the polycycloalkane preferably has 7 to 12 carbon atoms. adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane, tetracyclododecane and the like.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group for R a24 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group is a hydrocarbon group having at least one aromatic ring.
- This aromatic ring is not particularly limited as long as it is a cyclic conjugated system having 4n+2 ⁇ electrons, and may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aromatic ring is preferably 5-30, more preferably 5-20, even more preferably 6-15, and particularly preferably 6-12.
- Specific examples of the aromatic ring include aromatic hydrocarbon rings such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene; mentioned.
- the heteroatom in the aromatic heterocycle includes oxygen atom, sulfur atom, nitrogen atom and the like.
- aromatic heterocycles include pyridine rings and thiophene rings.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group for R a24 include groups obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the above aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocyclic ring (aryl group or heteroaryl group); containing two or more aromatic rings A group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from an aromatic compound (e.g., biphenyl, fluorene, etc.); A group in which one of the hydrogen atoms of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocycle is substituted with an alkylene group (e.g., benzyl group, phenethyl group, 1-naphthylmethyl group, 2-naphthylmethyl group, 1-naphthylethyl group, arylalkyl group such as 2-naphthylethyl group, etc.).
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkylene group bonded to the aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocycle is preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1
- R a25 to R a26 and R a28 to R a30 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and the halogen atom are the same as defined above for R a22 and R a23 respectively.
- R a27 is an epoxy group-containing group or a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.
- the epoxy group-containing group of R a27 is the same as R EP in the formula (anv0).
- the hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent for R a27 is the same as R a24 in the formula (anv2).
- the ratio of each structural unit in the component (A1) is not particularly limited, but it constitutes the component (A1).
- the total amount of constituent units having an epoxy group is preferably 10 to 90 mol%, more preferably 20 to 80 mol%, and even more preferably 30 to 70 mol%, based on the total amount of all constituent units.
- component (A1) Commercially available products of component (A1) include, for example, novolac type epoxy resins such as jER-152, jER-154, jER-157S70, jER-157S65 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), EPICLON N-740, EPICLON N -740, EPICLON N-770, EPICLON N-775, EPICLON N-660, EPICLON N-665, EPICLON N-670, EPICLON N-673, EPICLON N-680, EPICLON N-690, EPICLON N-695, EPICLON HP5000 (manufactured by DIC Corporation), EOCN-1020 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.); YDCN-704 (manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical & Materials Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- novolac type epoxy resins such as jER-152, jER-154, jER-157S
- one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the bisphenol-type epoxy resin (hereinafter also referred to as "(A2) component”) may be any resin having a structural unit containing a bisphenol skeleton, and among these, a solid bisphenol-type epoxy resin is preferable.
- a solid bisphenol type epoxy resin refers to a resin having a structural unit containing a bisphenol skeleton that is solid at 25°C.
- the epoxy equivalent of component (A2) is, for example, 800 g/eq. 800 to 1200 g/eq. is more preferable, and 900 to 1100 g/eq. is more preferred.
- the (A2) component is preferably an epoxy resin represented by the following general formula (abp1).
- REP is an epoxy group-containing group. Multiple REPs may be the same or different.
- R a31 and R a32 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- na 31 is an integer of 1-50.
- R EP is the same as R EP in formula (anv0), and is preferably a glycidyl group.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in R a31 and R a32 is the same as the alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in R p1 and R p2 in the formula (anv0).
- each of R a31 and R a32 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- na 31 is an integer of 1-50, preferably an integer of 4-15, more preferably an integer of 5-8.
- the component (A2) Commercial products that can be used as the component (A2) include, for example, JER-4005, JER-4007, JER-4010 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation); JER-827, JER-828, JER-834, JER-1001 , JER-1002, JER-1003, JER-1055, JER-1007, JER-1009, JER-1010 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation); EPICLON860, EPICLON1050, EPICLON1051, EPICLON1055 (manufactured by DIC Corporation), etc. are mentioned.
- one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- aliphatic epoxy resins include compounds represented by the following general formula (ta1) (hereinafter, this compound is also referred to as "(A3) component").
- REP is an epoxy group-containing group. Multiple REPs may be the same or different. ]
- REP is an epoxy group-containing group and is the same as REP in formula ( anv0 ).
- TEPIC commercially available products that can be used as the component (A3) include, for example, TEPIC, TEPIC-VL, TEPIC-PAS, TEPIC-G, TEPIC-S, TEPIC-SP, TEPIC-SS, TEPIC-HP, TEPIC-L, TEPIC- TEPIC series such as FL and TEPIC-UC (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.);
- one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- aliphatic epoxy resins also include compounds containing a partial structure represented by the following general formula (m1) (hereinafter also referred to as “component (m1)”).
- n 2 is an integer of 1 to 4. * indicates a bond.
- n2 is an integer of 1 to 4 , preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and more preferably 2.
- Component (m1) includes a compound in which a plurality of partial structures represented by the general formula (m1) are bonded via a divalent linking group or a single bond.
- a compound in which a plurality of partial structures represented by the general formula (m1) are bonded via a divalent linking group is preferable.
- the divalent linking group here is not particularly limited, but preferably includes an optionally substituted divalent hydrocarbon group and a heteroatom-containing divalent linking group.
- the divalent hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent and the divalent linking group containing a hetero atom are described in R EP (epoxy group-containing group) in the above formula (anv0).
- Y 21 is preferably a straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group, more preferably a straight-chain alkylene group, more preferably a straight-chain alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and a methylene group or an ethylene group. Especially preferred.
- ADEKA RESIN EP-4080S, EP-4085S, and EP-4088S manufactured by ADEKA Corporation
- Celoxide 8000, Celoxide 8010, EHPE-3150, EPOLEAD PB 3600, EPOLEAD PB 4700 manufactured by Daicel Corporation
- Denacol EX-211L, EX-212L, EX-214L, EX-216L, EX-321L, EX-850L above, manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation
- acrylic resins examples include resins having epoxy group-containing units represented by general formulas (a1-1) and (a1-2) below.
- R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Va 41 is a divalent hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent.
- na 41 is an integer of 0-2.
- R a41 and R a42 are each epoxy group-containing groups.
- na 42 is 0 or 1;
- Wa 41 is a (na 43 +1) valent aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
- na 43 is an integer of 1-3.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in R is preferably linear or branched, and specifically includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, isopentyl group, neopentyl group and the like.
- the halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in R is a group in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms are substituted with halogen atoms.
- the halogen atom includes a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom and the like, and a fluorine atom is particularly preferred.
- R is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group in view of industrial availability.
- Va 41 is a divalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, and has the substituent described in R EP in the formula (anv0). and the same divalent hydrocarbon groups as those which may be used.
- the hydrocarbon group of Va 41 is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, more preferably a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group, still more preferably a linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group, A straight-chain alkylene group is particularly preferred.
- na 41 is an integer of 0 to 2, preferably 0 or 1.
- R a41 and R a42 are epoxy group-containing groups and are the same as R EP in formula (anv0) above.
- the (na 43 +1)-valent aliphatic hydrocarbon group in Wa 41 means a hydrocarbon group having no aromaticity, and may be saturated or unsaturated. may be used, and is usually preferably saturated.
- na 43 is an integer of 1 to 3, preferably 1 or 2.
- R ⁇ represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a trifluoromethyl group.
- R a51 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- R a52 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R a53 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- na 51 is an integer from 0-10.
- R a51 , R a52 and R a53 may be the same or different.
- the acrylic resin may have structural units derived from other polymerizable compounds for the purpose of appropriately controlling physical and chemical properties.
- polymerizable compounds include known radically polymerizable compounds and anionically polymerizable compounds.
- polymerizable compounds include monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and crotonic acid; dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid; 2-methacryloyloxyethylsuccinic acid and 2-methacryloyloxy Methacrylic acid derivatives having a carboxyl group and an ester bond such as ethyl maleic acid, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phthalic acid, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl hexahydrophthalic acid; methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) ) acrylates and other (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters;
- the content ratio of the epoxy group-containing unit in the resin is preferably 5 to 40 mol%, more preferably 10 to 30 mol%, and 15 to More preferably, it is 25 mol %.
- acrylic resin one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- a resin having a glycidyl ether group in its structure can be used.
- component (A) in addition to the resins described above, a compound represented by the following chemical formula (A3-1) may be used. Examples of commercial products that can be used as the compound represented by the following chemical formula (A3-1) include TECHMORE VG-3101L (manufactured by Printec Co., Ltd.).
- a compound represented by the following chemical formula (A3-2) may be used as the component (A).
- epoxy group-containing compounds other than the component (A) include trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, glycerin triglycidyl ether; pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, ditrimethylolpropane tetraglycidyl ether, diglycerin tetraglycidyl ether, and erythritol.
- Tetraglycidyl ether Tetraglycidyl ether; xylitol pentaglycidyl ether, dipentaerythritol pentaglycidyl ether, inositol pentaglycidyl ether; dipentaerythritol hexaglycidyl ether, sorbitol hexaglycidyl ether, inositol hexaglycidyl ether and the like.
- the content of component (A) in the photosensitive composition of the embodiment may be adjusted according to the film thickness of the photosensitive resin film to be formed.
- the content of component (A) is preferably 50 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total content of components (A) and (B). , more preferably 70 parts by mass or more, more preferably 85 mass % or more.
- the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound (component (B)) is a photopolymerizable polyfunctional monomer having a polymerizable functional group.
- a "polymerizable functional group” is a group that allows compounds to polymerize by radical polymerization or the like, and refers to a group that includes a multiple bond between carbon atoms such as an ethylenic double bond.
- polyfunctional means having two or more functional groups.
- Multifunctional monomers can be, for example, difunctional, trifunctional, tetrafunctional, or have even more functional groups.
- multifunctional acrylates include diacrylates, triacrylates and tetraacrylates.
- Polyfunctional methacrylates also include dimethacrylates, trimethacrylates and tetramethacrylates.
- polymerizable functional groups examples include vinyl group, allyl group, acryloyl group, methacryloyl group, fluorovinyl group, difluorovinyl group, trifluorovinyl group, difluorotrifluoromethylvinyl group, trifluoroallyl group, and perfluoroallyl group.
- trifluoromethylacryloyl group nonylfluorobutylacryloyl group, vinyl ether group, fluorine-containing vinyl ether group, allyl ether group, fluorine-containing allyl ether group, styryl group, vinylnaphthyl group, fluorine-containing styryl group, fluorine-containing vinylnaphthyl group, norbornyl groups, fluorine-containing norbornyl groups, silyl groups, and the like.
- a vinyl group, an allyl group, an acryloyl group, and a methacryloyl group are preferable, and an acryloyl group and a methacryloyl group are more preferable.
- bifunctional monomers examples include alkoxylated aliphatic diacrylate, alkoxylated aliphatic dimethacrylate, alkoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate, alkoxylated neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,4 - butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, cyclohexanedimethanol diacrylate, cyclohexanedimethanol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, Dipropylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate, ethoxylated (2) bisphenol A dimethacrylate
- bifunctional monomer examples include, for example, Light Acrylate 3EG-A, 4EG-A, 9EG-A, NP-A, DCP-A, BP-4EAL, BP-4PA (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.). etc.
- Photopolymerizable compounds having three or more polymerizable functional groups include photopolymerizable siloxane compounds, photopolymerizable silsesquioxane compounds, polyfunctional monomers having three or more polymerizable functional groups, and the like.
- photopolymerizable siloxane compounds include compounds having an alkoxysilyl group and a polymerizable functional group in the molecule.
- Commercially available products of the photopolymerizable siloxane compound include, for example, product names "KR-513", “X-40-9296", “KR-511”, and “X-12-1048” manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. , “X-12-1050” and the like.
- the main chain skeleton is composed of Si—O bonds and has the following chemical formula: [(RSiO 3/2 ) n ] (wherein R represents an organic group and n is a natural number). is represented.) can be mentioned.
- R represents a monovalent organic group, and the monovalent organic group includes a monovalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.
- the hydrocarbon group includes an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon groups include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group and 2-ethylhexyl group. , an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, an undecyl group, and a dodecyl group.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group includes aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms such as phenyl group, naphthyl group, benzyl group, tolyl group and styryl group.
- substituents that the monovalent hydrocarbon group may have include a (meth)acryloyl group, a hydroxy group, a sulfanyl group, a carboxy group, an isocyanato group, an amino group, and a ureido group.
- -CH 2 - contained in the monovalent hydrocarbon group may be replaced with -O-, -S-, carbonyl group or the like.
- the photopolymerizable silsesquioxane compound has three or more polymerizable functional groups. Examples of the polymerizable functional group here include a vinyl group, an allyl group, a methacryloyl group, an acryloyl group, and the like.
- the compound represented by the chemical formula: [(RSiO 3/2 ) n ] may be of cage type, ladder type or random type.
- the cage-type silsesquioxane compound may be a complete cage or an incomplete cage such that a part of the cage is open.
- polyfunctional monomers having three or more polymerizable functional groups examples include ethoxylated (3) trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated (3) trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, and ethoxylated (6) trimethylolpropane triacrylate.
- ethoxylated (9) trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated (15) trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated (20) trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate, propoxylated (3) glyceryl Triacrylate, Propoxylated (3) Glyceryl Triacrylate, Propoxylated (5.5) Glyceryl Triacrylate, Propoxylated (3) Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate, Propoxylated (6) Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate, Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate , trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)-isocyanurate triacrylate, tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)-isocyanurate trimethacrylate, ⁇ -caprolactone-modified tris-(2-acryloxyethyl) iso
- hexafunctional monomers and the like can be appropriately used as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited.
- component (B) for example, a compound represented by the following chemical formula (B-1) may be used.
- the component (B) may be used singly or in combination of two or more. In the photosensitive composition of the present embodiment, it is preferable to use a tri- to tetra-functional monomer as the component (B).
- the content of component (B) is preferably 1 to 25 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 20 parts by mass, and 5 to 15 parts by mass is more preferable.
- the content of component (B) is at least the lower limit of the preferred range, curability and fluidity of the cured resin film formed using the photosensitive composition are improved.
- the content of the component (B) is equal to or less than the upper limit of the preferable range, the dispersibility of the photosensitive composition is improved.
- a component is a photoinitiator.
- Component (C) is a compound that initiates or accelerates the polymerization of component (B) by exposure to light.
- a photoradical polymerization initiator is preferable.
- Component (C) includes, for example, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy -2-methyl-1-propan-1-one, 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one, 1-(4-dodecylphenyl)-2-hydroxy-2- Methylpropan-1-one, 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one, bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)ketone, 2-methyl-1-(4-methylthiophenyl)-2-morpho Linopropan-1-one, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butanone-1, ethanone-1-[9-ethyl-6-(2-methylbenzoyl)-9H- Carbazol-3-yl]-1-(o
- benzophenone-based initiators such as 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone; bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide, 2,4,6- Nitrogen-free initiators are preferred, such as acylphosphine oxide initiators such as trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide.
- (C) A commercial item can be obtained and used for a component.
- Component commercially available products include IGM Resins B.I. V. company, product names "Omnirad 184", “Omnirad 651”, “Omnirad 819”, “Omnirad TPO”, and the like.
- the component (C) may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the content of component (C) is preferably 0.01 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 30 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (B). 5 to 25 parts by mass is more preferable. When the content of the component (C) is within the above preferable range, the photocurability of the photosensitive composition is improved.
- ⁇ Cationic polymerization initiator (I)> The cationic polymerization initiator (component (I)) generates cations upon irradiation with active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays, deep ultraviolet rays, excimer laser light such as KrF and ArF, X-rays, and electron beams, and the cations are polymerized. It is a compound that can serve as an initiator.
- active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays, deep ultraviolet rays, excimer laser light such as KrF and ArF, X-rays, and electron beams
- component (I) used in the photosensitive composition of the present embodiment include onium borate salts, onium salts containing phosphorus anions, sulfonates, and carboxylates.
- Onium borate salt (hereinafter also referred to as "(I1) component") generates a relatively strong acid upon exposure. Therefore, by forming a pattern using a photosensitive composition containing the component (I1), sufficient sensitivity can be obtained and a good pattern can be formed. In addition, the use of component (I1) has a low risk of toxicity and metal corrosion.
- the component (I1) for example, compounds represented by the following general formula (I1) are suitable.
- R b01 to R b04 are each independently an optionally substituted aryl group or a fluorine atom.
- q is an integer of 1 or more, and Q q+ is a q-valent organic cation.
- the aryl group in R b01 to R b04 preferably has 5 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 5 to 20 carbon atoms, still more preferably 6 to 15 carbon atoms, and 6 to 12 carbon atoms. is particularly preferred. Specific examples include a naphthyl group, a phenyl group, an anthracenyl group, and the like, and a phenyl group is preferable because it is easily available.
- the aryl groups in R b01 to R b04 may have a substituent.
- the substituents are not particularly limited, but are halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, alkyl groups (preferably linear or branched alkyl groups, preferably having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), and halogenated alkyl groups. is preferred, a halogen atom or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is more preferred, and a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is particularly preferred.
- the aryl group has a fluorine atom, the polarity of the anion portion is increased, which is preferable.
- each of R b01 to R b04 in formula (I1) is preferably a fluorinated phenyl group, and particularly preferably a perfluorophenyl group.
- Preferred specific examples of the anion portion of the compound represented by the formula (I1) include tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate ([B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] ⁇ ); tetrakis[(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] Borate ([B(C 6 H 4 CF 3 ) 4 ] ⁇ ); difluorobis(pentafluorophenyl)borate ([(C 6 F 5 ) 2 BF 2 ] ⁇ ); trifluoro(pentafluorophenyl)borate ([ (C 6 F 5 )BF 3 ] ⁇ ); tetrakis(difluorophenyl)borate ([B(C 6 H 3 F 2 ) 4 ] ⁇ ); Among them, tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate ([B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] ⁇ ) is particularly preferred.
- Q q+ preferably includes a sulfonium cation and an iodonium cation, and organic cations represented by the following general formulas (ca-1) to (ca-5) are particularly preferred. preferable.
- R 201 to R 207 and R 211 to R 212 each independently represent an optionally substituted aryl group, heteroaryl group, alkyl group or alkenyl group.
- R 201 to R 203 , R 206 to R 207 and R 211 to R 212 may combine with each other to form a ring together with the sulfur atom in the formula.
- R 208 to R 209 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 210 is an optionally substituted aryl group, an optionally substituted alkyl group, an optionally substituted alkenyl group, or an optionally substituted —SO 2 —containing cyclic group.
- Each Y 201 independently represents an arylene group, an alkylene group or an alkenylene group.
- x is 1 or 2;
- W 201 represents a (x+1)-valent linking group.
- the aryl group for R 201 to R 207 and R 211 to R 212 includes unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably phenyl group and naphthyl group.
- heteroaryl groups for R 201 to R 207 and R 211 to R 212 include those in which part of the carbon atoms constituting the aryl group are substituted with heteroatoms. Heteroatoms include oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, nitrogen atoms, and the like.
- Examples of the heteroaryl group include groups obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from 9H-thioxanthene; examples of substituted heteroaryl groups include groups obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from 9H-thioxanthene-9-one.
- the alkyl group for R 201 to R 207 and R 211 to R 212 is preferably a chain or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the alkenyl groups for R 201 to R 207 and R 211 to R 212 preferably have 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- each R′ 201 is independently a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted cyclic group, an optionally substituted chain alkyl group, or a substituted is a chain alkenyl group that may be ]
- R' 201 is each independently a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted cyclic group, a substituent a chain alkyl group which may be substituted or a chain alkenyl group which may have a substituent.
- the cyclic group is preferably a cyclic hydrocarbon group, and the cyclic hydrocarbon group may be an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
- An aliphatic hydrocarbon group means a hydrocarbon group without aromaticity.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be saturated or unsaturated, and is usually preferably saturated.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group for R' 201 is a hydrocarbon group having an aromatic ring.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably 3 to 30, more preferably 5 to 30, still more preferably 5 to 20, particularly preferably 6 to 15, most preferably 6 to 10. .
- the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms in the substituent.
- Specific examples of the aromatic ring of the aromatic hydrocarbon group for R′ 201 include benzene, fluorene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, biphenyl, or those in which some of the carbon atoms constituting the aromatic ring are substituted with heteroatoms.
- the heteroatom in the aromatic heterocycle includes oxygen atom, sulfur atom, nitrogen atom and the like.
- Specific examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group for R′ 201 include a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the aromatic ring (aryl group: for example, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, etc.), and a hydrogen atom of the aromatic ring.
- alkylene group e.g., a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a 1-naphthylmethyl group, a 2-naphthylmethyl group, a 1-naphthylethyl group, an arylalkyl group such as a 2-naphthylethyl group, etc.
- a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from a ring in which a portion of the hydrogen atoms constituting the aromatic ring is substituted with an oxo group e.g., anthraquinone, etc.
- an aromatic heterocyclic ring e.g., 9H-thioxanthene, 9H-thioxanthene) -9-one, etc.
- the alkylene group preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms,
- the cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group for R' 201 includes an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a ring in its structure.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a ring in this structure includes an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring), and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group that is linear or branched. Examples thereof include a group bonded to the end of a chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group and a group in which an alicyclic hydrocarbon group intervenes in the middle of a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
- the alicyclic hydrocarbon group preferably has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be a polycyclic group or a monocyclic group.
- the monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferably a group obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from a monocycloalkane.
- the monocycloalkane preferably has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and specific examples include cyclopentane and cyclohexane.
- the polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferably a group obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from a polycycloalkane, and the polycycloalkane preferably has 7 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the polycycloalkanes include polycycloalkanes having a bridged ring system polycyclic skeleton such as adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane, and tetracyclododecane; condensed ring systems such as cyclic groups having a steroid skeleton; Polycycloalkanes having a polycyclic skeleton of are more preferred.
- the cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group for R′ 201 is preferably a group obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from monocycloalkane or polycycloalkane, and a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from polycycloalkane. More preferred are an adamantyl group and a norbornyl group, and most preferred is an adamantyl group.
- the linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be bonded to the alicyclic hydrocarbon group, preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and 1 to 4 is more preferred, and 1-3 are most preferred.
- a straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group a straight - chain alkylene group is preferable, and specifically, a methylene group [--CH.sub.2--], an ethylene group [-- ( CH.sub.2) .sub.2-- ], a trimethylene group [ -(CH 2 ) 3 -], tetramethylene group [-(CH 2 ) 4 -], pentamethylene group [-(CH 2 ) 5 -] and the like.
- the branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably a branched alkylene group, and specifically, -CH(CH 3 )-, -CH(CH 2 CH 3 )-, -C(CH 3 ) 2- , -C(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 3 )-, -C(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 )-, -C(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 - and other alkylmethylene groups;- CH(CH 3 )CH 2 -, -CH(CH 3 )CH(CH 3 )-, -C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 -, -CH(CH 2 CH 3 )CH 2 -, -C(CH 2 Alkylethylene groups such as CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 -; alkyltrimethylene groups such as -CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 - and -CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 -; -CH(CH 3 ) Examples include alkylalky
- a chain alkyl group optionally having a substituent may be linear or branched.
- the linear alkyl group preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the branched-chain alkyl group preferably has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms, and most preferably 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- a chain alkenyl group optionally having a substituent may be linear or branched, and preferably has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms. , 3 are particularly preferred.
- Examples of linear alkenyl groups include vinyl groups, propenyl groups (allyl groups), and butynyl groups.
- Examples of branched alkenyl groups include 1-methylvinyl group, 2-methylvinyl group, 1-methylpropenyl group, 2-methylpropenyl group and the like.
- the chain alkenyl group is preferably a linear alkenyl group, more preferably a vinyl group or a propenyl group, and particularly preferably a vinyl group.
- substituents on the cyclic group, chain alkyl group or alkenyl group of R' 201 include alkoxy groups, halogen atoms, halogenated alkyl groups, hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, nitro groups, amino groups, oxo groups, and the above
- a cyclic group, an alkylcarbonyl group, a thienylcarbonyl group and the like for R' 201 can be mentioned.
- R' 201 is preferably an optionally substituted cyclic group or an optionally substituted chain alkyl group.
- R 201 to R 203 , R 206 to R 207 and R 211 to R 212 are mutually bonded to form a ring together with the sulfur atom in the formula, heteroatoms such as a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom and a nitrogen atom, a carbonyl group, -SO-, -SO 2 -, -SO 3 -, -COO-, -CONH- or -N(R N )- (the R N is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms); You may couple
- one ring containing a sulfur atom in the formula in its ring skeleton is preferably a 3- to 10-membered ring including a sulfur atom, particularly a 5- to 7-membered ring. preferable.
- the ring formed include a thiophene ring, a thiazole ring, a benzothiophene ring, a thianthrene ring, a benzothiophene ring, a dibenzothiophene ring, a 9H-thioxanthene ring, a thioxanthone ring, a thianthrene ring, a phenoxathiine ring, and a tetrahydro A thiophenium ring, a tetrahydrothiopyranium ring, and the like are included.
- R 208 to R 209 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, When forming an alkyl group, they may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- R 210 is an optionally substituted aryl group, an optionally substituted alkyl group, an optionally substituted alkenyl group, or It is a —SO 2 —containing cyclic group optionally having a substituent.
- the aryl group for R 210 includes an unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group.
- the alkyl group for R 210 is preferably a chain or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the alkenyl group for R 210 preferably has 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- each Y 201 independently represents an arylene group, an alkylene group or an alkenylene group.
- the arylene group for Y 201 include groups obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the aryl group exemplified as the aromatic hydrocarbon group for R′ 201 .
- the alkylene group and alkenylene group for Y 201 include groups obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the groups exemplified as the chain alkyl group and chain alkenyl group for R′ 201 .
- W 201 is a (x+1)-valent, ie divalent or trivalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group in W 201 is preferably a divalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, and may have a substituent exemplified for R EP in the above formula (A1). Groups similar to divalent hydrocarbon groups are preferred.
- the divalent linking group in W 201 may be linear, branched or cyclic, preferably cyclic. Among them, a group in which two carbonyl groups are combined at both ends of an arylene group, or a group consisting only of an arylene group is preferable.
- the arylene group includes a phenylene group, a naphthylene group and the like, and a phenylene group is particularly preferred.
- the trivalent linking group for W 201 includes a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the divalent linking group for W 201 , a group obtained by further bonding the divalent linking group to the divalent linking group, and the like. mentioned.
- the trivalent linking group for W 201 is preferably a group in which two carbonyl groups are bonded to an arylene group.
- Suitable cations represented by formula (ca-1) include cations represented by formulas (ca-1-1) to (ca-1-24) below.
- R ′′ 201 is a hydrogen atom or a substituent . is.
- R′ 211 is an alkyl group.
- R hal is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.
- Suitable cations represented by the formula (ca-2) include diphenyliodonium cations, bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium cations, and the like.
- Suitable cations represented by formula (ca-3) above specifically include cations represented by formulas (ca-3-1) to (ca-3-6) below.
- Suitable cations represented by formula (ca-4) above specifically include cations represented by formulas (ca-4-1) to (ca-4-2) below.
- R′ 212 is an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom.
- R' 211 is an alkyl group.
- the cation moiety [(Q q+ ) 1/q ] is preferably a cation represented by the general formula (ca-1), and each of the formulas (ca-1-1) to (ca-1-48)
- the cation represented by the formula (ca-1-25) is more preferable, the cation represented by the formula (ca-1-29), the cation represented by the formula (ca-1-35), A cation represented by formula (ca-1-47) and a cation represented by formula (ca-1-48) are more preferable.
- the content of component (I1) is the total content of the epoxy group-containing compound (component (A)) and the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound (component (B)). It is preferably 0.1 to 5.0 parts by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 3.0 parts by mass, and 0.5 to 2.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass. is more preferred.
- the content of component (I1) is at least the lower limit of the above preferred range, sufficient sensitivity can be obtained and the lithography properties of the pattern are further improved. In addition, the strength of the cured film is further enhanced.
- the sensitivity is moderately controlled, and it becomes easy to obtain a pattern with a favorable shape.
- the (I2) component is a compound represented by the following general formula (I2). Since the component (I2) generates a relatively strong acid upon exposure, when a pattern is formed using the photosensitive composition containing the component (I), sufficient sensitivity can be obtained and a good pattern can be obtained. It is formed.
- R b05 is an optionally substituted fluorinated alkyl group or a fluorine atom.
- a plurality of R b05 may be the same or different.
- q is an integer of 1 or more, and Q q+ is a q-valent organic cation.
- R b05 is an optionally substituted fluorinated alkyl group or a fluorine atom.
- a plurality of R b05 may be the same or different.
- the fluorinated alkyl group for R b05 preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- R b05 is preferably a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group or A pentafluoroethyl group is more preferred.
- the anion part of the compound represented by formula (I2) is preferably represented by the following general formula (b0-2a).
- R bf05 is a fluorinated alkyl group which may have a substituent.
- nb 1 is an integer from 1 to 5; ]
- nb 1 is preferably an integer of 1 to 4, more preferably an integer of 2 to 4, and most preferably 3.
- q is an integer of 1 or more
- Q q+ is a q-valent organic cation.
- Examples of this Q q+ include those similar to Q q+ in the above formula (I1), and among them, the cation represented by the general formula (ca-1) is preferable, and Cations represented by (ca-1-48) are more preferable, respectively, a cation represented by formula (ca-1-25), a cation represented by formula (ca-1-29), a cation represented by formula (ca-1 -35) and the cation represented by formula (ca-1-47) are more preferred.
- R b11 to R b12 are a cyclic group optionally having a substituent other than a halogen atom, a chain alkyl group optionally having a substituent other than a halogen atom, or a halogen atom It is a chain alkenyl group optionally having a substituent other than .
- m is an integer of 1 or more, and each M m+ is independently an m-valent organic cation.
- R b12 is a cyclic group optionally having a substituent other than a halogen atom, a chain alkyl group optionally having a substituent other than a halogen atom , or a chain alkenyl group which may have a substituent other than a halogen atom, and which is a cyclic group, a chain alkyl group, and a chain alkenyl group in the description of R' 201 described above. , those having no substituents or those having substituents other than halogen atoms.
- R b12 is preferably a chain alkyl group optionally having a substituent other than a halogen atom or an aliphatic cyclic group optionally having a substituent other than a halogen atom.
- the chain alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Aliphatic cyclic groups include groups obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane, tetracyclododecane, etc. (which may have substituents other than halogen atoms); camphor It is more preferable to be a group obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from etc.
- the hydrocarbon group of R b12 may have a substituent other than a halogen atom, and examples of the substituent include the hydrocarbon group (aromatic hydrocarbon group, aliphatic tricyclic group, chain alkyl group) may have the same substituents other than the halogen atom.
- substituents include the hydrocarbon group (aromatic hydrocarbon group, aliphatic tricyclic group, chain alkyl group) may have the same substituents other than the halogen atom.
- “may have a substituent other than a halogen atom” not only excludes the case of having a substituent consisting only of a halogen atom, but also the case of having a substituent containing at least one halogen atom (for example, when the substituent is a fluorinated alkyl group, etc.).
- M m+ is an m-valent organic cation.
- the same cations as the cations represented by the above general formulas (ca-1) to (ca-5) are preferably mentioned, and among these, the above general formula (ca-1) A cation represented by is more preferable.
- at least one of R 201 , R 202 and R 203 in the general formula (ca-1) is an optionally substituted organic group having 16 or more carbon atoms (aryl group, hetero A sulfonium cation (aryl group, alkyl group or alkenyl group) is particularly preferred because it improves resolution and roughness characteristics.
- the number of carbon atoms in the organic group is preferably 16 to 25, more preferably 16 to 20, and particularly preferably 16 to 18.
- Examples of m+ organic cations include the above formulas (ca-1-25), (ca-1-26), (ca-1-28) to (ca-1-36), (ca-1-38) , (ca-1-46), and (ca-1-47) are preferable, and among them, the cation represented by the above formula (ca-1-29) is particularly preferable.
- R b11 is a cyclic group optionally having a substituent other than a halogen atom, a chain alkyl group optionally having a substituent other than a halogen atom , or a chain alkenyl group which may have a substituent other than a halogen atom, and which is a cyclic group, a chain alkyl group, and a chain alkenyl group in the description of R' 201 described above. , those having no substituents or those having substituents other than halogen atoms.
- R b11 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent other than a halogen atom, an aliphatic cyclic group optionally having a substituent other than a halogen atom, or a halogen
- a chain alkyl group which may have substituents other than atoms is preferred. Substituents these groups may have include hydroxyl groups, oxo groups, alkyl groups, aryl groups, lactone-containing cyclic groups, ether bonds, ester bonds, and combinations thereof.
- V′ 101 is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- V' 102 is a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group for V' 102 is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and 1 to 5 carbon atoms. is more preferably an alkylene group of
- the alkylene group for V' 101 and V' 102 may be a straight-chain alkylene group or a branched alkylene group, and a straight-chain alkylene group is preferred.
- Specific examples of the alkylene group for V' 101 and V' 102 include a methylene group [-CH 2 -]; -CH(CH 3 )-, -CH(CH 2 CH 3 )-, -C(CH 3 ) 2 -, -C(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 3 )-, -C(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 )-, -C(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 - and other alkylmethylene groups; ethylene groups [-CH 2 CH 2 -]; -CH(CH 3 )CH 2 -, -CH(CH 3 )CH(CH 3 )-, -C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 -, -CH(CH 2 CH 3 ) Alkylethylene groups such as CH 2 -; trim
- part of the methylene groups in the alkylene group in V'101 or V'102 may be substituted with a divalent aliphatic cyclic group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic cyclic group is obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group (monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group, polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group) of R′ 201 .
- a divalent group is preferred, and a cyclohexylene group, a 1,5-adamantylene group or a 2,6-adamantylene group is more preferred.
- a phenyl group or a naphthyl group is more preferable as the aromatic hydrocarbon group. More preferably, the aliphatic cyclic group is a group obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from polycycloalkane such as adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane, and tetracyclododecane.
- the chain alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group and octyl group.
- nonyl group linear alkyl group such as decyl group; 1-methylethyl group, 1-methylpropyl group, 2-methylpropyl group, 1-methylbutyl group, 2-methylbutyl group, 3-methylbutyl group, 1- Examples include branched chain alkyl groups such as ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, and 4-methylpentyl.
- R b11 is preferably a cyclic group optionally having a substituent other than a halogen atom. Preferred specific examples of the anion portion of component (I3-2) are shown below.
- M m+ is an m-valent organic cation, which is the same as M m+ in formula (I3-1).
- the component (I) is a cationic polymerization initiator that generates an acid with a pKa (acid dissociation constant) of ⁇ 5 or less by exposure, in order to increase the elasticity of the resin film and to easily form a fine structure without residue.
- a cationic polymerization initiator that generates an acid having a pKa of preferably ⁇ 6 or less, more preferably ⁇ 8 or less, high sensitivity to exposure can be obtained.
- the lower limit of the pKa of the acid generated by component (I) is preferably -15 or more.
- pKa acid dissociation constant
- pKa in this specification is a value in 25 degreeC temperature conditions.
- the pKa value can be obtained by measuring by a known method.
- calculated values using known software such as "ACD/Labs" (trade name, manufactured by Advanced Chemistry Development) can be used.
- component (I) contains component (I1).
- Preferred examples of the component (I) include those consisting only of the component (I1) and those containing the component (I1) and the component (I2).
- the total content of component (I) is 0.1 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total content of component (A) and component (B). parts, more preferably 0.2 to 4 parts by mass, even more preferably 0.5 to 3 parts by mass.
- the content of component (I) is at least the lower limit of the preferred range, sufficient sensitivity can be obtained, and the lithography properties of the pattern are further improved.
- the strength of the cured film is further enhanced.
- the sensitivity is moderately controlled, and it becomes easy to obtain a pattern with a favorable shape.
- the photosensitive composition of the present embodiment may optionally contain other components in addition to the components (A), (B), (C) and (I) described above.
- the photosensitive compositions of embodiments optionally contain compatible additives such as metal oxides (M), silane coupling agents, sensitizer components, solvents, additives to improve film performance. It is possible to appropriately add and contain an organic resin, a dissolution inhibitor, a basic compound, a plasticizer, a stabilizer, a coloring agent, an antihalation agent, and the like.
- the photosensitive composition of the present embodiment further contains a metal Oxide (M) (hereinafter also referred to as “(M) component”) may be contained.
- M metal Oxide
- the (M) component it is possible to form a pattern with a good shape and high resolution.
- the component (M) include oxides of metals such as silicon (metallic silicon), titanium, zirconium and hafnium. Among these, oxides of silicon are preferred, and among these, silica is particularly preferred.
- the shape of the component (M) is preferably particulate.
- Such particulate component (M) preferably comprises a particle group having a volume average particle diameter of 5 to 40 nm, more preferably comprising a particle group having a volume average particle diameter of 5 to 30 nm. More preferably, it consists of a group of particles with a diameter of 10 to 20 nm.
- the volume-average particle size of the component (M) is at least the lower limit of the preferred range, the strength of the cured film can be easily increased.
- it is equal to or less than the upper limit of the preferable range it becomes difficult for residues to be generated in pattern formation, and it becomes easy to form a higher-resolution pattern.
- the particle size of component (M) may be appropriately selected according to the exposure light source. In general, particles having a particle diameter of 1/10 or less of the wavelength of light are considered to be almost unaffected by light scattering. For this reason, for example, when forming a fine structure by photolithography with i-line (365 nm), as the component (M), a particle group having a primary particle diameter (volume average value) of 10 to 20 nm (particularly preferably a silica particle group ) is preferably used.
- component (M) Commercially available products of component (M) include, for example, product names “MEK-EC-2130Y” and “MEK-AC-2140-Z” manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the content when the component (M) is included is preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 40 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total content of the component (A) and the component (B). It is more preferably 20 to 30 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 20 to 30 parts by mass.
- the content of the component (M) is at least the lower limit of the preferred range, the strength of the cured film is further enhanced.
- the transparency of the resin film is further enhanced.
- the photosensitive composition of this embodiment may further contain an adhesion aid in order to improve adhesion to the substrate.
- a silane coupling agent is preferable as this adhesion aid.
- Silane coupling agents include, for example, silane coupling agents having reactive substituents such as carboxy groups, methacryloyl groups, isocyanate groups, and epoxy groups. Specific examples include trimethoxysilylbenzoic acid, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl).
- Silane coupling agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total content of the component (A) and the component (B). .1 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by mass.
- the strength of the cured film is further enhanced.
- the adhesiveness between the cured film and the substrate is strengthened.
- the photosensitive composition of this embodiment may further contain a sensitizer component.
- the sensitizer component is not particularly limited as long as it can absorb energy from exposure and transmit the energy to other substances.
- Specific examples of sensitizer components include benzophenone-based photosensitizers such as benzophenone and p,p'-tetramethyldiaminobenzophenone, carbazole-based photosensitizers, acetophene-based photosensitizers, and 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene.
- naphthalene-based photosensitizers phenol-based photosensitizers, anthracene-based photosensitizers such as 9-ethoxyanthracene, biacetyl, eosin, rose bengal, pyrene, phenothiazine, and known photosensitizers such as anthrone.
- the sensitizer component may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content is preferably 0.1 to 15 parts by mass, more preferably 0.3 to 10 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of component (A). It is more preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by mass.
- the content of the sensitizer component is within the above preferred range, the sensitivity and resolution are further enhanced.
- the photosensitive composition of the present embodiment may further contain a solvent (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "(S) component").
- a solvent hereinafter sometimes referred to as "(S) component”
- the component (S) include lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), cyclohexanone, methyl-n-pentyl ketone, methyl isopentyl ketone and 2-heptanone; ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol.
- the (S) component may be used singly or as a mixed solvent of two or more.
- the amount used is not particularly limited, and is appropriately set according to the coating film thickness at a concentration at which the photosensitive composition can be coated onto a substrate or the like without dripping.
- the (S) component can be used so that the solid content concentration is 50% by mass or more, and the (S) component can be used so that the solid content concentration is 60% by mass or more.
- the aspect (namely, the aspect whose solid content concentration is 100 mass %) which does not contain (S) component substantially can be employ
- the negative photosensitive composition of the present embodiment described above comprises an epoxy group-containing compound (A), a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound (B), a photoradical polymerization initiator (C), and a cationic polymerization initiator. (I) and
- a conventionally known negative photosensitive composition for forming the top plate of a hollow structure comprising an epoxy group-containing compound (A) and a cationic polymerization initiator (I) is prepared by heating the PEB.
- the negative photosensitive composition containing the epoxy group-containing compound (A) and the cationic polymerization initiator (I) is further multifunctional (meta) It contains an acrylate compound (B) and a radical photopolymerization initiator (C).
- the epoxy group-containing compound (A) undergoes a cross-linking reaction with the cationic polymerization initiator (I), and the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound (B) undergoes a polymerization reaction with the radical photopolymerization initiator (C).
- Each reaction complicates the framework of the cured body forming the top plate portion, thereby improving the thermal deformation property and suppressing doming due to deformation due to heating during curing.
- the negative photosensitive composition of this embodiment is useful as a material for forming the top plate portion of the hollow structure in electronic parts.
- the hollow structure in the electronic component include a hollow structure consisting of a recess and a top plate covering the opening surface of the recess, which will be exemplified in the description of (Method for manufacturing a hollow structure) below. be done.
- the negative photosensitive composition of this embodiment improves the elastic modulus by further containing silica nanoparticles. Therefore, deformation due to heating during curing can be further suppressed.
- the photosensitive resist film of the present embodiment is obtained by laminating a photosensitive resin film formed using the photosensitive composition of the embodiment described above and a cover film in this order on a base film.
- the photosensitive resist film of the present embodiment can be obtained, for example, by coating the photosensitive composition of the above-described embodiment on a base film and drying it to form a photosensitive resin film, and then, on the photosensitive resin film It can be produced by laminating cover films.
- the application of the photosensitive composition onto the substrate film may be carried out using an appropriate method using a blade coater, lip coater, comma coater, film coater, or the like.
- the thickness of the photosensitive resin film is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- a known base film can be used, for example, a thermoplastic resin film or the like is used.
- the thermoplastic resin include polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate.
- the thickness of the base film is preferably 2-150 ⁇ m.
- a known cover film can be used, for example, a polyethylene film, a polypropylene film, or the like.
- a film having adhesive strength to the photosensitive resin film that is smaller than that of the base film is preferable.
- the thickness of the cover film is preferably 2-150 ⁇ m, more preferably 2-100 ⁇ m, still more preferably 5-50 ⁇ m.
- the base film and the cover film may be made of the same film material, or may be made of different film materials.
- a method for manufacturing a hollow structure according to the present embodiment is a method for manufacturing a hollow structure comprising a concave portion and a top plate portion closing an opening surface of the concave portion, wherein the top plate portion is made of the above negative photosensitive material. Form using the composition.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing a hollow structure according to this embodiment.
- the illustrated method for manufacturing a hollow structure includes a step of forming sidewalls on a substrate (first step (S1)) and a step of forming a top plate portion on the sidewalls to fabricate the hollow structure. (Second step (S2)). Details of the first step (S1) and the second step (S2) will be described below.
- First step (S1)] In the first step, the side wall 20 is formed on the substrate 10 to obtain the substrate 10 having the concave portion 15 on the surface.
- First step] in FIG. 1 illustrates a substrate 10 having a concave portion 15 on its surface by a substrate 10 and sidewalls 20 formed on the substrate 10 .
- Examples of the substrate 10 having the concave portion 15 on its surface include a structure in which a pattern is formed on the substrate 10, a stepped substrate, and the like.
- the concave portion 15 may be made of an organic material or an inorganic material.
- Such a substrate 10 having recesses 15 on its surface can be obtained by, for example, using a negative photosensitive composition to form a photosensitive resin film on the support (hereinafter referred to as a “film forming step”), and A step of exposing a photosensitive resin film (hereinafter referred to as an “exposure step”), and developing the photosensitive resin film after the exposure with a developer containing an organic solvent to form a negative pattern that will become the side wall 20 of the recess 15. (hereinafter referred to as “development step”).
- a method for manufacturing the substrate 10 having the concave portions 15 on the surface can be performed as follows.
- a negative photosensitive composition is applied onto a support by a known method such as a spin coating method, a roll coating method, or a screen printing method, and subjected to baking (post-apply baking (PAB)) treatment, for example, 50 to 50 minutes. It is applied at a temperature of 150° C. for 2 to 60 minutes to form a photosensitive resin film.
- the film forming step can also be performed by disposing a photosensitive composition layer prepared in advance using a negative photosensitive composition on the support.
- the support is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known one can be used. Examples thereof include a substrate for electronic parts and a substrate having a predetermined wiring pattern formed thereon. Substrates for electronic components, more specifically, silicon, silicon nitride, titanium, tantalum, lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3 ), niobium, lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ), palladium, titanium tungsten, copper, chromium, iron , metal substrates such as aluminum, glass substrates, and the like. As a material for the wiring pattern, for example, copper, aluminum, nickel, gold or the like can be used.
- the film thickness of the photosensitive resin film formed from the negative photosensitive composition is not particularly limited, it is preferably about 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
- Exposure process Next, the formed photosensitive resin film is exposed through a mask having a predetermined pattern (mask pattern) using a known exposure apparatus, or is directly irradiated with an electron beam without a mask pattern. After selective exposure by drawing or the like, baking (post-exposure bake (PEB)) treatment is performed as necessary, for example, at a temperature of 80 to 150 ° C. for 40 to 1200 seconds, preferably 40 to 1000 seconds, or more. It is preferably applied for 60-900 seconds.
- PEB post-exposure bake
- the wavelength used for exposure is not particularly limited, and radiation such as ultraviolet rays with a wavelength of 300 to 500 nm, i-rays (wavelength of 365 nm), or visible light is selectively irradiated (exposed).
- Low-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, extra-high pressure mercury lamps, metal halide lamps, argon gas lasers, and the like can be used as sources of these radiations.
- radiation means ultraviolet rays, visible rays, deep ultraviolet rays, X-rays, electron beams, and the like.
- the dose of radiation varies depending on the type and blending amount of each component in the composition, the film thickness of the coating film, etc., but is 100 to 2000 mJ/cm 2 in the case of using an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, for example.
- the method of exposing the photosensitive resin film may be normal exposure (dry exposure) performed in air or an inert gas such as nitrogen, or may be liquid immersion lithography.
- the exposed photosensitive resin film is developed with a developer containing an organic solvent (organic developer). After development, rinsing is preferably performed. Baking (post-baking) may be performed as necessary.
- the organic solvent contained in the organic developer can be appropriately selected from known organic solvents.
- Specific examples include polar solvents such as ketone-based solvents, ester-based solvents, alcohol-based solvents, nitrile-based solvents, amide-based solvents, ether-based solvents, and hydrocarbon-based solvents.
- ketone solvents include 1-octanone, 2-octanone, 1-nonanone, 2-nonanone, acetone, 4-heptanone, 1-hexanone, 2-hexanone, diisobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, phenylacetone, and methyl ethyl ketone.
- methyl amyl ketone (2-heptanone) is preferable as the ketone solvent.
- ester solvents include methyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl methoxyacetate, ethyl ethoxyacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, Ethylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monophenyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol mono Ethyl ether acetate, 2-methoxybutyl acetate, 3-methoxybutyl
- nitrile-based solvents examples include acetonitrile, propionitrile, valeronitrile, and butyronitrile.
- additives can be added to the organic developer as needed.
- additives include surfactants.
- the surfactant is not particularly limited, for example, ionic or nonionic fluorine-based and/or silicon-based surfactants can be used.
- a nonionic surfactant is preferable, and a nonionic fluorine-based surfactant or a nonionic silicon-based surfactant is more preferable.
- a surfactant When a surfactant is blended, its blending amount is usually 0.001 to 5% by mass, preferably 0.005 to 2% by mass, and 0.01 to 0.5% by mass, relative to the total amount of the organic developer. 5% by mass is more preferred.
- the development treatment can be carried out by a known development method.
- a stationary method (paddle method), a method of spraying the developer onto the surface of the support (spray method), and a developer coating nozzle that is scanned at a constant speed onto the support rotating at a constant speed to apply the developer.
- a method of continuously dispensing (dynamic dispensing method) and the like can be mentioned.
- Rinsing treatment (cleaning treatment) using a rinse liquid can be performed by a known rinsing method.
- the rinsing method include a method of continuously applying a rinse solution onto a support rotating at a constant speed (rotation coating method), a method of immersing a support in a rinse solution for a given period of time (dip method), A method of spraying a rinsing liquid onto the support surface (spray method) and the like can be mentioned.
- a rinsing liquid containing an organic solvent it is preferable to use a rinsing liquid containing an organic solvent.
- a substrate 10 (a structure having a pattern formed on the substrate, a stepped substrate) having recesses 15 on its surface can be manufactured by the above-described film formation process, exposure process, and development process.
- the thickness (horizontal dimension with respect to the support) and height (vertical dimension with respect to the support) of the side wall 20 are determined according to the type of electronic device accommodated in the recess 15. can be set as appropriate based on the size of .
- the exposed portion 30A which serves as the top plate portion, is formed on the side wall 20 formed in the first step to fabricate the hollow structure.
- the second step in this embodiment includes the following steps (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), and (v).
- a step of peeling the base film from the photosensitive resin film 30 Step (ii): A step of exposing the photosensitive resin film 30 after the step (i) Step (iii): A photosensitive resin film after the step (ii) Step (iv): After the step (iii), the photosensitive resin film 30 is developed, and the substrate 10 having the concave portions 15 on the surface prepared in the first step (S1) is exposed to , a step of forming a negative pattern (exposed portion 30A) that closes the opening surface of the recess 15 formed by the side wall 20 and the substrate 10; 30A) is further cured by heat treatment to obtain the hollow structural body 100 in which the exposed portion 30A serving as the top plate portion is composed of the cured photosensitive resin film 40.
- the hollow structural body manufactured by the manufacturing method according to this aspect consists of the recess 15 and the top plate portion closing the opening surface of the recess 15 .
- the hollow structure can be suitably used for hollow packages used in SAW filters, MEMS, various sensors, and the like.
- the photosensitive resist film 30F in this embodiment has, for example, a negative photosensitive resin film 30 formed of the negative photosensitive composition described above.
- the exposed portion 30A of the photosensitive resin film 30 becomes the component (I)
- An acid is generated from the acid, and the epoxy group in the component (A) undergoes ring-opening polymerization due to the action of the acid, reducing the solubility of the component (A) in a developer containing an organic solvent.
- the solubility of the component (A) in the developer containing the organic solvent does not change.
- the photosensitive resin film 30 is of negative type. Therefore, when the photosensitive resin film 30 is developed with a developer containing an organic solvent, the unexposed portion 30B is dissolved and removed to form a negative pattern.
- the negative photosensitive resin film 30 of the photosensitive resist film 30F is typically made of a B-stage (semi-cured state) resin material.
- the photosensitive resist film 30F include a laminated film in which the photosensitive resin film 30 is laminated on a base film.
- Such a photosensitive resist film 30F can be produced by applying the above-described negative photosensitive composition onto a base film and drying it to form the photosensitive resin film 30 .
- the application of the negative photosensitive composition onto the substrate film may be carried out using an applicator, blade coater, lip coater, comma coater, film coater, or the like, using an appropriate method.
- the thickness of the photosensitive resin film 30 is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the base film a known one can be used, such as a thermoplastic resin film.
- the thermoplastic resin include polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate.
- the thickness of the base film is preferably 2-150 ⁇ m.
- step (i) the photosensitive resist film 30F is arranged so that the surface of the photosensitive resin film 30 forming the photosensitive resist film 30F closes the opening surface of the recess 15 .
- the base film is peeled off from the photosensitive resin film 30 constituting the photosensitive resist film 30F.
- the photosensitive resin film 30 constituting the photosensitive resist film 30F is arranged so as to face the substrate 10 with the sidewall 20 interposed therebetween. A hollow closed space (cavity) surrounded by the substrate 10, the side wall 20, and the photosensitive resin film 30 is formed.
- step (ii) the photosensitive resin film 30 is exposed.
- the photosensitive resin film 30 is selectively exposed through a photomask 60 on which a predetermined pattern is formed using a known exposure device.
- the wavelength used for exposure is not particularly limited, and radiation such as ultraviolet rays with a wavelength of 300 to 500 nm, i-ray (wavelength of 365 nm), or visible light is selectively irradiated (exposed).
- radiation such as ultraviolet rays with a wavelength of 300 to 500 nm, i-ray (wavelength of 365 nm), or visible light is selectively irradiated (exposed).
- Low-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, extra-high pressure mercury lamps, metal halide lamps, argon gas lasers, and the like can be used as sources of these radiations.
- step (iii) a heat treatment, a so-called post-exposure bake (PEB) treatment, is performed on the exposed photosensitive resin film 30 .
- the PEB treatment is performed, for example, at a temperature of 80 to 150° C. for 40 to 600 seconds, preferably 60 to 300 seconds.
- the photosensitive resin film 30 after exposure becomes an exposed portion 30A in which the epoxy group in the component (A) is ring-opening polymerized and an unexposed portion 30B which remains unchanged.
- step (iv) the photosensitive resin film 30 (exposed portion 30A, unexposed portion 30B) after PEB processing is developed to form a negative pattern (exposed portion 30A).
- the development here can be performed in the same manner as in the [Development step] described above. After development, rinsing is preferably performed.
- the development in step (iv) dissolves and removes the unexposed portion 30B, leaving an afterimage of the exposed portion 30A as a negative pattern.
- the exposure section 30A serves as a top plate section (a roof covering the opening surface of the recess).
- step (v) the negative pattern (exposed portion 30A) after development is cured by further performing heat treatment (curing operation) so that the exposed portion 30A (top plate portion) becomes the photosensitive resin film 30.
- a hollow structure 100 made of a cured body 40 is obtained.
- the cured body 40 is formed by curing and integrating the photosensitive resin material forming the side wall 20 and the photosensitive resin film 30 .
- (B)-1 A polyfunctional acrylate compound represented by the following chemical formula (B-1). Trade name “KAYARAD DPHA”, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.
- (I1)-1 A cationic polymerization initiator represented by the following chemical formula (I1-1).
- (I1)-2 A cationic polymerization initiator represented by the following chemical formula (I1-2).
- (I2)-1 A cationic polymerization initiator represented by the following chemical formula (I2-1-2).
- (C)-1 A radical photopolymerization initiator represented by the following chemical formula (C-1). Trade name “Omnirad 651” IGM Resins B.I. V. Company made.
- (C)-2 A radical photopolymerization initiator represented by the following chemical formula (C-2). Trade name "Omnirad 819” IGM Resins B.I. V. Company made.
- (M)-1 Nanosilica particles (particle size 15 nm). Trade name “MEK-EC-2130Y”, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd.
- First step (S1) A substrate having recesses on its surface was obtained by forming sidewalls on a silicon substrate through the following film formation process, exposure process, and development process.
- TMMFS2000 (20 ⁇ m thick dry film resist manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was laminated on a silicon wafer under conditions of 80° C., 0.3 MPa, and 0.5 m/min so that the film thickness would be 20 ⁇ m.
- Exposure process The substrate film (base film) in contact with the photosensitive resin film having a film thickness of 20 ⁇ m is peeled off, and a Canon PLA-501 ghi line aligner is used to irradiate the photosensitive resin film with an irradiation dose of 200 mJ/cm 2 .
- the ghi radiation was applied through a mask having an opening pattern of 500 ⁇ m ⁇ 500 ⁇ m. After that, the exposed photosensitive resin film was subjected to heat treatment on a hot plate at 90° C. for 5 minutes.
- the heat-treated photosensitive resin film was puddle-developed at 23° C. using propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate as a developing solution to form a negative pattern for the sidewalls.
- the negative pattern was further cured by heat treatment in an oven (under nitrogen, 200° C., 1 hour) to form a substrate having recesses on the surface and comprising a cured photosensitive resin film. .
- Step (S2) A hollow structure was produced by forming a top plate portion that blocks the opening surface of the recess by the following steps (i) to (v) on the substrate having the recess on the surface obtained in the first step. .
- a step of obtaining a hollow structural body in which the exposed portion to be the plate portion is made of the cured photosensitive resin film;
- the negative photosensitive composition of each example is applied onto the base film using an applicator, and baked (PAB) in an oven at 70° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a film thickness of 20 to 30 ⁇ m.
- a photosensitive resin film was formed to obtain a photosensitive resist film.
- the photosensitive resist film was arranged such that the surface of the photosensitive resin film of the photosensitive resist film closed the opening surface of the side wall of the substrate having the side wall. Thereafter, an operation was performed to peel off the base film from the photosensitive resin film of the photosensitive resist film. By this operation, a hollow closed space (cavity) surrounded by the substrate, the side wall, and the photosensitive resin film was formed.
- Step (iii)] The exposed photosensitive resin film in step (ii) was subjected to heat treatment on a hot plate at 90° C. for 5 minutes (PEB treatment). Through the PEB treatment in step (iii), the photosensitive resin film after exposure had an exposed portion (top plate portion) where the epoxy groups in component (A) were ring-opening polymerized and an unexposed portion with no change.
- Step (v)] The negative pattern after the step (iv) is further cured by performing a heat treatment (curing operation) in an oven, and the top plate portion is a photosensitive composition of each example. A hollow structure composed of a cured resin film was obtained.
- the top plate portion of the hollow structure formed using the negative photosensitive compositions of Examples 1 to 5 to which the present invention was applied was subjected to PEB heat treatment and high temperature heat treatment such as curing operation. It was confirmed that the doming of the heat treatment during the manufacture of the hollow structure was suppressed. It should be noted that when the negative photosensitive composition of Comparative Example 3 was used, the top plate portion could not be produced, and no data could be obtained.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials For Photolithography (AREA)
- Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、2021年2月8日に日本に出願された、特願2021-018152号に基づき優先権主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
前記中空構造の形成には感光性組成物が用いられ、電極が形成された配線基板上を中空に保ったままモールド成型することによりパッケージが製造される。
MEMSの周囲に感光性組成物を塗布した後、フォトマスクを介して露光、ポストエクスポージャーベーク(PEB)、現像を行い、側壁を作製する。
次に、ベースフィルムと感光性組成物層とカバーフィルムとがこの順に積層したドライフィルムレジストから、カバーフィルムを剥離したものを、前記側壁の上方にラミネートして天板部を形成し、再度フォトマスクを介して露光、PEB、現像を行い、不要な部分を除去して天板部を作製することにより、キャビティ確保部が形成される。
特許文献1に記載のネガ型感光性組成物等、従来のネガ型感光性組成物を中空構造体の天板部として用いると、その配合バランスによって、ドーミング現象が発生し、中空構造体を有する電子部品の低背化が困難になるという課題があった。
すなわち、本発明の第1の態様は、エポキシ基含有化合物と、カチオン重合開始剤と、多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物と、光ラジカル重合開始剤と、を含有する、中空構造体の天板部を形成するためのネガ型感光性組成物である。
換言すれば、本発明の第1の態様は、エポキシ基含有化合物と、カチオン重合開始剤と、多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物と、光ラジカル重合開始剤と、を含有するネガ型感光性組成物の、中空構造体の天板部を形成への使用である。
「アルキル基」は、特に断りがない限り、直鎖状、分岐鎖状及び環状の1価の飽和炭化水素基を包含するものとする。アルコキシ基中のアルキル基も同様である。
「アルキレン基」は、特に断りがない限り、直鎖状、分岐鎖状及び環状の2価の飽和炭化水素基を包含するものとする。
「ハロゲン化アルキル基」は、アルキル基の水素原子の一部又は全部がハロゲン原子で置換された基であり、該ハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子が挙げられる。
「フッ素化アルキル基」は、アルキル基の水素原子の一部又は全部がフッ素原子で置換された基をいう。
「構成単位」とは、高分子化合物(樹脂、重合体、共重合体)を構成するモノマー単位(単量体単位)を意味する。
「置換基を有していてもよい」と記載する場合、水素原子(-H)を1価の基で置換する場合と、メチレン基(-CH2-)を2価の基で置換する場合と、の両方を含む。
「露光」は、放射線の照射全般を含む概念とする。
本実施形態のネガ型感光性組成物(以下単に「感光性組成物」ということがある)は、エポキシ基含有化合物(A)(以下「(A)成分」ともいう)と、多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物(B)(以下「(B)成分」ともいう)と、光ラジカル重合開始剤(C)(以下「(C)成分」ともいう)と、カチオン重合開始剤(I)(以下「(I)成分」ともいう)と、を含有する。
かかる感光性組成物を用いて感光性樹脂膜を形成し、該感光性樹脂膜に対して選択的に露光を行うと、該感光性樹脂膜の露光部では、(I)成分のカチオン部が分解して酸が発生し、該酸の作用により(A)成分中のエポキシ基が開環重合して、有機溶剤を含有する現像液に対する該(A)成分の溶解性が減少する一方で、該感光性樹脂膜の未露光部では、有機溶剤を含有する現像液に対する該(A)成分の溶解性が変化しないため、感光性樹脂膜の露光部と未露光部との間で、有機溶剤を含有する現像液に対する溶解性の差が生じる。そのため、該感光性樹脂膜を、有機溶剤を含有する現像液で現像すると、未露光部が溶解除去されて、ネガ型のパターンが形成される。
エポキシ基含有化合物((A)成分)は、露光によってネガ型のパターンを形成するのに充分なエポキシ基を1分子中に有する化合物が挙げられる。
本実施形態の感光性組成物で用いられる(A)成分としては、ノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノール型エポキシ樹脂、脂肪族エポキシ樹脂、アクリル樹脂等が挙げられる。
ノボラック型エポキシ樹脂(以下「(A1)成分」ともいう)としては、下記一般式(anv0)で表されるエポキシ樹脂が好適に挙げられる。
なかでもRp1、Rp2としては、水素原子又は直鎖状もしくは分岐鎖状のアルキル基が好ましく、水素原子又は直鎖状のアルキル基がより好ましく、水素原子又はメチル基が特に好ましい。
式(anv0)中、複数のRp1は、互いに同一であってもよく異なっていてもよい。複数のRp2は、互いに同一であってもよく異なっていてもよい。
REPのエポキシ基含有基としては、特に限定されるものではなく、エポキシ基のみからなる基;脂環式エポキシ基のみからなる基;エポキシ基又は脂環式エポキシ基と、2価の連結基とを有する基が挙げられる。
脂環式エポキシ基とは、3員環エーテルであるオキサシクロプロパン構造を有する脂環式基であって、具体的には、脂環式基とオキサシクロプロパン構造とを有する基である。 脂環式エポキシ基の基本骨格となる脂環式基としては、単環であっても多環であってもよい。単環の脂環式基としては、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基、シクロオクチル基等が挙げられる。また、多環の脂環式基としては、ノルボルニル基、イソボルニル基、トリシクロノニル基、トリシクロデシル基、テトラシクロドデシル基等が挙げられる。また、これら脂環式基の水素原子は、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、水酸基等で置換されていてもよい。
エポキシ基又は脂環式エポキシ基と、2価の連結基とを有する基の場合、式中の酸素原子(-O-)に結合した2価の連結基を介してエポキシ基又は脂環式エポキシ基が結合することが好ましい。
かかる2価の炭化水素基は、脂肪族炭化水素基であってもよく、芳香族炭化水素基であってもよい。
2価の炭化水素基における脂肪族炭化水素基は、飽和であってもよく、不飽和であってもよく、通常は飽和であることが好ましい。
該脂肪族炭化水素基として、より具体的には、直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状の脂肪族炭化水素基、又は構造中に環を含む脂肪族炭化水素基等が挙げられる。
前記分岐鎖状の脂肪族炭化水素基は、炭素原子数が2~10であることが好ましく、2~6がより好ましく、2~4がさらに好ましく、2又は3が最も好ましい。分岐鎖状の脂肪族炭化水素基としては、分岐鎖状のアルキレン基が好ましく、具体的には、-CH(CH3)-、-CH(CH2CH3)-、-C(CH3)2-、-C(CH3)(CH2CH3)-、-C(CH3)(CH2CH2CH3)-、-C(CH2CH3)2-等のアルキルメチレン基;-CH(CH3)CH2-、-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)-、-C(CH3)2CH2-、-CH(CH2CH3)CH2-、-C(CH2CH3)2-CH2-等のアルキルエチレン基;-CH(CH3)CH2CH2-、-CH2CH(CH3)CH2-等のアルキルトリメチレン基;-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2-、-CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2-等のアルキルテトラメチレン基などのアルキルアルキレン基等が挙げられる。アルキルアルキレン基におけるアルキル基としては、炭素原子数1~5の直鎖状のアルキル基が好ましい。
前記脂環式炭化水素基は、炭素原子数が3~20であることが好ましく、3~12であることがより好ましい。
前記脂環式炭化水素基は、多環式基であってもよく、単環式基であってもよい。単環式の脂環式炭化水素基としては、モノシクロアルカンから2個の水素原子を除いた基が好ましい。該モノシクロアルカンとしては、炭素原子数3~6のものが好ましく、具体的にはシクロペンタン、シクロヘキサン等が挙げられる。
多環式の脂環式炭化水素基としては、ポリシクロアルカンから2個の水素原子を除いた基が好ましく、該ポリシクロアルカンとしては、炭素原子数7~12のものが好ましく、具体的にはアダマンタン、ノルボルナン、イソボルナン、トリシクロデカン、テトラシクロドデカン等が挙げられる。
芳香族炭化水素基として具体的には、前記芳香族炭化水素環または芳香族複素環から水素原子を2つ除いた基(アリーレン基またはヘテロアリーレン基);2以上の芳香環を含む芳香族化合物(例えばビフェニル、フルオレン等)から水素原子を2つ除いた基;前記芳香族炭化水素環または芳香族複素環から水素原子を1つ除いた基(アリール基またはヘテロアリール基)の水素原子の1つがアルキレン基で置換された基(例えば、ベンジル基、フェネチル基、1-ナフチルメチル基、2-ナフチルメチル基、1-ナフチルエチル基、2-ナフチルエチル基等のアリールアルキル基におけるアリール基から水素原子をさらに1つ除いた基)等が挙げられる。前記アリール基またはヘテロアリール基に結合するアルキレン基の炭素原子数は、1~4であることが好ましく、1~2であることがより好ましく、1であることが特に好ましい。
2価の炭化水素基としての、直鎖状または分岐鎖状の脂肪族炭化水素基は、置換基を有していてもよく、有していなくてもよい。該置換基としては、フッ素原子、フッ素原子で置換された炭素原子数1~5のフッ素化アルキル基、カルボニル基等が挙げられる。
前記置換基としてのアルキル基としては、炭素原子数1~5のアルキル基が好ましく、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、n-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基であることが最も好ましい。
前記置換基としてのアルコキシ基としては、炭素原子数1~5のアルコキシ基が好ましく、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、n-プロポキシ基、iso-プロポキシ基、n-ブトキシ基、tert-ブトキシ基が好ましく、メトキシ基、エトキシ基が最も好ましい。
前記置換基としてのハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子等が挙げられ、フッ素原子が好ましい。
前記置換基としてのハロゲン化アルキル基としては、前記アルキル基の水素原子の一部または全部が前記ハロゲン原子で置換された基が挙げられる。
脂環式炭化水素基は、その環構造を構成する炭素原子の一部がヘテロ原子を含む置換基で置換されてもよい。該ヘテロ原子を含む置換基としては、-O-、-C(=O)-O-、-S-、-S(=O)2-、-S(=O)2-O-が好ましい。
前記置換基としてのアルキル基としては、炭素原子数1~5のアルキル基が好ましく、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、n-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基であることが最も好ましい。
前記置換基としてのアルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子およびハロゲン化アルキル基としては、前記脂環式炭化水素基が有する水素原子を置換する置換基として例示したものが挙げられる。
ヘテロ原子を含む2価の連結基におけるヘテロ原子とは、炭素原子および水素原子以外の原子であり、例えば酸素原子、窒素原子、硫黄原子、ハロゲン原子等が挙げられる。
前記へテロ原子を含む2価の連結基が-C(=O)-NH-、-NH-、-NH-C(=O)-O-、-NH-C(=NH)-の場合、そのHはアルキル基、アシル等の置換基で置換されていてもよい。該置換基(アルキル基、アシル基等)は、炭素原子数が1~10であることが好ましく、1~8であることがさらに好ましく、1~5であることが特に好ましい。
式-Y21-O-Y22-、-Y21-O-、-Y21-C(=O)-O-、-C(=O)-O-Y21-、-[Y21-C(=O)-O]m”-Y22-または-Y21-O-C(=O)-Y22-中、Y21およびY22は、それぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい2価の炭化水素基である。該2価の炭化水素基としては、上述した2価の連結基としての説明で挙げた「置換基を有していてもよい2価の炭化水素基」と同様のものが挙げられる。
Y21としては、直鎖状の脂肪族炭化水素基が好ましく、直鎖状のアルキレン基がより好ましく、炭素原子数1~5の直鎖状のアルキレン基がさらに好ましく、メチレン基またはエチレン基が特に好ましい。
Y22としては、直鎖状または分岐鎖状の脂肪族炭化水素基が好ましく、メチレン基、エチレン基またはアルキルメチレン基がより好ましい。該アルキルメチレン基におけるアルキル基は、炭素原子数1~5の直鎖状のアルキル基が好ましく、炭素原子数1~3の直鎖状のアルキル基がより好ましく、メチル基が最も好ましい。
式-[Y21-C(=O)-O]m”-Y22-で表される基において、m”は0~3の整数であり、0~2の整数であることが好ましく、0または1がより好ましく、1が特に好ましい。つまり、式-[Y21-C(=O)-O]m”-Y22-で表される基としては、式-Y21-C(=O)-O-Y22-で表される基が特に好ましい。なかでも、式-(CH2)a’-C(=O)-O-(CH2)b’-で表される基が好ましい。該式中、a’は、1~10の整数であり、1~8の整数が好ましく、1~5の整数がより好ましく、1または2がさらに好ましく、1が最も好ましい。b’は、1~10の整数であり、1~8の整数が好ましく、1~5の整数がより好ましく、1または2がさらに好ましく、1が最も好ましい。
Ra22、Ra23のハロゲン原子は、塩素原子又は臭素原子であることが好ましい。 前記式(anv1)中、REPは、前記式(anv0)中のREPと同様であって、グリシジル基が好ましい。
この他の構成単位としては、例えば、下記一般式(anv2)~(anv3)でそれぞれ表される構成単位が挙げられる。
該直鎖状のアルキル基は、炭素原子数が1~5であることが好ましく、1~4がより好ましく、1または2がさらに好ましい。具体的には、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、メチル基、エチル基またはn-ブチル基が好ましく、メチル基またはエチル基がより好ましい。
単環式基である脂肪族炭化水素基としては、モノシクロアルカンから1個の水素原子を除いた基が好ましい。該モノシクロアルカンとしては、炭素原子数3~6のものが好ましく、具体的にはシクロペンタン、シクロヘキサン等が挙げられる。
多環式基である脂肪族炭化水素基としては、ポリシクロアルカンから1個の水素原子を除いた基が好ましく、該ポリシクロアルカンとしては、炭素原子数7~12のものが好ましく、具体的にはアダマンタン、ノルボルナン、イソボルナン、トリシクロデカン、テトラシクロドデカン等が挙げられる。
この芳香環は、4n+2個のπ電子をもつ環状共役系であれば特に限定されず、単環式でも多環式でもよい。芳香環の炭素原子数は5~30であることが好ましく、5~20がより好ましく、6~15がさらに好ましく、6~12が特に好ましい。芳香環として具体的には、ベンゼン、ナフタレン、アントラセン、フェナントレン等の芳香族炭化水素環;前記芳香族炭化水素環を構成する炭素原子の一部がヘテロ原子で置換された芳香族複素環等が挙げられる。芳香族複素環におけるヘテロ原子としては、酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子等が挙げられる。芳香族複素環として具体的には、ピリジン環、チオフェン環等が挙げられる。
Ra24における芳香族炭化水素基として具体的には、前記芳香族炭化水素環または芳香族複素環から水素原子を1つ除いた基(アリール基またはヘテロアリール基);2以上の芳香環を含む芳香族化合物(例えばビフェニル、フルオレン等)から水素原子を1つ除いた基;前記芳香族炭化水素環または芳香族複素環の水素原子の1つがアルキレン基で置換された基(例えば、ベンジル基、フェネチル基、1-ナフチルメチル基、2-ナフチルメチル基、1-ナフチルエチル基、2-ナフチルエチル基等のアリールアルキル基など)等が挙げられる。前記芳香族炭化水素環または芳香族複素環に結合するアルキレン基の炭素原子数は、1~4であることが好ましく、1~2であることがより好ましく、1であることが特に好ましい。
ビスフェノール型エポキシ樹脂(以下「(A2)成分」ともいう)としては、ビスフェノール骨格を含む構成単位を有する樹脂であればよく、そのなかでも固形ビスフェノール型エポキシ樹脂が好ましい。
固形ビスフェノール型エポキシ樹脂とは、25℃において固体状の、ビスフェノール骨格を含む構成単位を有する樹脂をいう。
(A2)成分におけるエポキシ当量は、例えば、800g/eq.以上であることが好ましく、800~1200g/eq.がより好ましく、900~1100g/eq.がさらに好ましい。
前記式(abp1)中、Ra31、Ra32における炭素原子数1~5のアルキル基は、前記式(anv0)中のRp1、Rp2における炭素原子数1~5のアルキル基と同様である。なかでもRa31、Ra32としては、それぞれ、水素原子又はメチル基が好ましい。
Ra31、Ra32における炭素原子数1~5のフッ素化アルキル基は、前記のRa31、Ra32における炭素原子数1~5のアルキル基の水素原子の一部又は全部がフッ素原子で置換された基が挙げられる。
前記式(abp1)中、na31は、1~50の整数であり、好ましくは4~15の整数であり、より好ましくは5~8の整数である。
脂肪族エポキシ樹脂としては、例えば、下記一般式(ta1)で表される化合物(以下この化合物を「(A3)成分」ともいう)が好適に挙げられる。
ここでの2価の連結基としては、特に限定されないが、置換基を有していてもよい2価の炭化水素基、ヘテロ原子を含む2価の連結基が好適なものとして挙げられる。
ここでの、置換基を有していてもよい2価の炭化水素基、ヘテロ原子を含む2価の連結基については、上記式(anv0)中のREP(エポキシ基含有基)において説明した、置換基を有していてもよい2価の炭化水素基、ヘテロ原子を含む2価の連結基とそれぞれ同様であり、この中でもヘテロ原子を含む2価の連結基が好ましく、-Y21-C(=O)-O-で表される基、-C(=O)-O-Y21-で表される基がより好ましい。Y21としては、直鎖状の脂肪族炭化水素基が好ましく、直鎖状のアルキレン基がより好ましく、炭素原子数1~5の直鎖状のアルキレン基がさらに好ましく、メチレン基またはエチレン基が特に好ましい。
アクリル樹脂としては、例えば、下記一般式(a1-1)~(a1-2)でそれぞれ表されるエポキシ基含有単位を有する樹脂が挙げられる。
Rにおける、炭素原子数1~5のハロゲン化アルキル基は、前記炭素原子数1~5のアルキル基の水素原子の一部または全部がハロゲン原子で置換された基である。該ハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子等が挙げられ、特にフッ素原子が好ましい。
Rとしては、水素原子、炭素原子数1~5のアルキル基又は炭素原子数1~5のフッ素化アルキル基が好ましく、工業上の入手の容易さから、水素原子又はメチル基がより好ましい。
上記の中でも、Va41の炭化水素基は、脂肪族炭化水素基が好ましく、直鎖状または分岐鎖状の脂肪族炭化水素基がより好ましく、直鎖状の脂肪族炭化水素基がさらに好ましく、直鎖状のアルキレン基が特に好ましい。
Ra51は、炭素原子数1~8の2価の炭化水素基を示す。Ra52は、炭素原子数1~20の2価の炭化水素基を示す。Ra53は、水素原子又はメチル基を示す。na51は、0~10の整数である。
Ra51、Ra52、Ra53は、それぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
このような重合性化合物としては、公知のラジカル重合性化合物や、アニオン重合性化合物が挙げられる。このような重合性化合物としては、例えば、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、クロトン酸等のモノカルボン酸類;マレイン酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸等のジカルボン酸類;2-メタクリロイルオキシエチルコハク酸、2-メタクリロイルオキシエチルマレイン酸、2-メタクリロイルオキシエチルフタル酸、2-メタクリロイルオキシエチルヘキサヒドロフタル酸等のカルボキシル基及びエステル結合を有するメタクリル酸誘導体類;メチル(メタ)アクリレート、エチル(メタ)アクリレート、ブチル(メタ)アクリレート等の(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル類;2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート等の(メタ)アクリル酸ヒドロキシアルキルエステル類;フェニル(メタ)アクリレート、ベンジル(メタ)アクリレート等の(メタ)アクリル酸アリールエステル類;マレイン酸ジエチル、フマル酸ジブチル等のジカルボン酸ジエステル類;スチレン、α-メチルスチレン、クロロスチレン、クロロメチルスチレン、ビニルトルエン、ヒドロキシスチレン、α-メチルヒドロキシスチレン、α-エチルヒドロキシスチレン等のビニル基含有芳香族化合物類;酢酸ビニル等のビニル基含有脂肪族化合物類;ブタジエン、イソプレン等の共役ジオレフィン類;アクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリル等のニトリル基含有重合性化合物類;塩化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン等の塩素含有重合性化合物;アクリルアミド、メタクリルアミド等のアミド結合含有重合性化合物類等が挙げられる。
上記以外のエポキシ基含有化合物には、例えば、その構造中にグリシジルエーテル基を有する樹脂を用いることができる。
(A)成分には、上述した樹脂以外に、下記化学式(A3-1)で表される化合物を使用してもよい。下記化学式(A3-1)で表される化合物として使用可能な市販品は、例えば、TECHMORE VG-3101L(プリンテック株式会社製)等が挙げられる。
例えば、本実施形態の感光性組成物中、(A)成分の含有量は、(A)成分と(B)成分との合計含有量100質量部に対して、50質量部以上あることが好ましく、70質量部以上であることがより好ましく、85質量%以上であることがさらに好ましい。
多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物((B)成分)は、重合性官能基を有する光重合性の多官能モノマーである。
「重合性官能基」とは、化合物同士がラジカル重合等により重合することを可能とする基であり、例えばエチレン性二重結合などの炭素原子間の多重結合を含む基をいう。
また、本明細書において、「多官能性」は2以上の官能基を有することを意味する。多官能性モノマーは、たとえば、2官能性、3官能性、4官能性であることができ、又はさらに多くの官能基を有することができる。たとえば、多官能性アクリレートにはジアクリレート、トリアクリレート及びテトラアクリレートが含まれる。また、多官能メタクリレートには、ジメタクリレート、トリメタクリレート及びテトラメタクリレートが含まれる。
2官能モノマーとしては、例えば、アルコキシ化脂肪族ジアクリレート、アルコキシ化脂肪族ジメタクリレート、アルコキシ化ネオペンチルグリコールジアクリレート、アルコキシ化ネオペンチルグリコールジメタクリレート、1,4-ブタンジオールジアクリレート、1,4-ブタンジオールジメタクリレート、1,3-ブチレングリコールジアクリレート、1,3-ブチレングリコールジメタクリレート、シクロヘキサンジメタノールジアクリレート、シクロヘキサンジメタノールジメタクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジアクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、ジプロピレングリコールジアクリレート、ジプロピレングリコールジメタクリレート、1,12-ドデカンジオールジメタクリレート、エトキシ化ビスフェノールAジメタクリレート、エトキシ化(2)ビスフェノールAジメタクリレート、エトキシ化(3)ビスフェノールAジアクリレート、エトキシ化(4)ビスフェノールAジアクリレート、エトキシ化(4)ビスフェノールAジメタクリレート、エトキシ化(6)ビスフェノールAジメタクリレート、エトキシ化(8)ビスフェノールAジメタクリレート、エトキシ化(10)ビスフェノールAジアクリレート、エトキシ化(10)ビスフェノールAジメタクリレート、エトキシ化(30)ビスフェノールAジアクリレート、エトキシ化(30)ビスフェノールAジメタクリレート、エチレングリコールジメタクリレート、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジメタクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジアクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジメタクリレート、ポリエステルジアクリレート、ポリエチレングリコール(200)ジアクリレート、ポリエチレングリコール(400)ジアクリレート、ポリエチレングリコール(400)ジメタクリレート、ポリエチレングリコール(600)ジアクリレート、ポリエチレングリコール(600)ジメタクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコール(400)ジメタクリレート、プロポキシ化ネオペンチルグリコールジアクリレート、プロポキシ化ネオペンチルグリコールジメタクリレート、プロポキシ化(2)ネオペンチルグリコールジアクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジアクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、トリシクロデカンジメタノールジアクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジアクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、トリプロピレングリコールジアクリレート及びトリプロピレングリコールジメタクリレート及びそれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
3つ以上の重合性官能基を有する光重合性化合物としては、光重合性シロキサン化合物、光重合性シルセスキオキサン化合物、3つ以上の重合性官能基を有する多官能モノマー等が挙げられる。
当該光重合性シロキサン化合物の市販品としては、例えば、信越化学工業株式会社製の製品名「KR-513」、「X-40-9296」、「KR-511」、「X-12-1048」、「X-12-1050」等が挙げられる。
Rは、1価の有機基を示し、1価の有機基としては、置換基を有してもよい1価の炭化水素基が挙げられる。この炭化水素基としては、脂肪族炭化水素基、芳香族炭化水素基が挙げられる。脂肪族炭化水素基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ウンデシル基、ドデシル基等の炭素数1~20のアルキル基が挙げられ、炭素数1~12のアルキル基が好ましい。
芳香族炭化水素基としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基、ベンジル基、トリル基、スチリル基等の炭素数6~20の芳香族炭化水素基が挙げられる。
1価の炭化水素基が有してもよい置換基としては、(メタ)アクリロイル基、ヒドロキシ基、スルファニル基、カルボキシ基、イソシアナト基、アミノ基、ウレイド基等が挙げられる。また、1価の炭化水素基に含まれる-CH2-は、-O-、-S-、カルボニル基等に置き換わっていてもよい。
但し、光重合性シルセスキオキサン化合物は、3つ以上の重合性官能基を有する。ここでの重合性官能基としては、ビニル基、アリル基、メタクリロイル基、アクリロイル基等が挙げられる。
(B)成分には、例えば、下記化学式(B-1)で表される化合物を使用してもよい。
(B)成分の含有量が、前記の好ましい範囲の下限値以上であると、感光性組成物を用いた形成した樹脂硬化膜の硬化性や流動性が良好になる。一方、(B)成分の含有量が、前記の好ましい範囲の上限値以下であると、感光性組成物の分散性が良好となる。
(C)成分は光重合開始剤である。
(C)成分には、露光により前記(B)成分の重合を開始させ、又は重合を促進させる化合物が用いられる。(C)成分としては、光ラジカル重合開始剤が好ましい。
(C)成分の市販品としては、IGM Resins B.V.社製、製品名「Omnirad 184」、「Omnirad 651」「Omnirad 819」、「Omnirad TPO」、等が挙げられる。
カチオン重合開始剤((I)成分)は、紫外線、遠紫外線、KrF、ArF等のエキシマレーザー光、X線、電子線等といった活性エネルギー線の照射を受けてカチオンを発生し、そのカチオンが重合開始剤となり得る化合物である。
本実施形態の感光性組成物で用いられる(I)成分としては、例えば、オニウムボレート塩、リン系アニオンを含むオニウム塩、スルホン酸塩、カルボン酸塩が挙げられる。
オニウムボレート塩(以下「(I1)成分」ともいう)は、露光により比較的に強い酸を発生する。このため、(I1)成分を含有する感光性組成物を用いてパターンを形成することにより、充分な感度が得られて良好なパターンが形成される。また、(I1)成分の使用は、毒性や金属腐食のおそれも低い。
(I1)成分としては、例えば、下記一般式(I1)で表される化合物が好適に挙げられる。
前記式(I1)中、Rb01~Rb04におけるアリール基は、炭素原子数が5~30であることが好ましく、5~20がより好ましく、6~15がさらに好ましく、6~12が特に好ましい。具体的には、ナフチル基、フェニル基、アントラセニル基などが挙げられ、入手が容易であることからフェニル基が好ましい。
Rb01~Rb04におけるアリール基は、置換基を有していてもよい。この置換基としては、特に限定されるものではないが、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、アルキル基(直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキル基が好ましく、炭素原子数は1~5が好ましい)、ハロゲン化アルキル基が好ましく、ハロゲン原子又は炭素原子数1~5のハロゲン化アルキル基がより好ましく、フッ素原子又は炭素原子数1~5のフッ素化アルキル基が特に好ましい。アリール基がフッ素原子を有することにより、アニオン部の極性が高まり好ましい。
中でも、式(I1)のRb01~Rb04としては、それぞれ、フッ素化されたフェニル基が好ましく、パーフルオロフェニル基が特に好ましい。
中でも、テトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート([B(C6F5)4]-)が特に好ましい。
前記式(I1)中、Qq+としては、スルホニウムカチオン、ヨードニウムカチオンが好適に挙げられ、下記の一般式(ca-1)~(ca-5)でそれぞれ表される有機カチオンが特に好ましい。
R201~R207、およびR211~R212におけるアルキル基としては、鎖状又は環状のアルキル基であって、炭素原子数1~30のものが好ましい。
R201~R207、およびR211~R212におけるアルケニル基としては、炭素原子数が2~10であることが好ましい。
R201~R207、およびR210~R212が有していてもよい置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、ハロゲン原子、ハロゲン化アルキル基、カルボニル基、シアノ基、アミノ基、オキソ基(=O)、アリール基、下記の式(ca-r-1)~(ca-r-10)でそれぞれ表される基が挙げられる。
該環式基は、環状の炭化水素基であることが好ましく、該環状の炭化水素基は、芳香族炭化水素基であってもよく、環状の脂肪族炭化水素基であってもよい。脂肪族炭化水素基は、芳香族性を持たない炭化水素基を意味する。また、脂肪族炭化水素基は、飽和であってもよく、不飽和であってもよく、通常は飽和であることが好ましい。
R’201における芳香族炭化水素基が有する芳香環として具体的には、ベンゼン、フルオレン、ナフタレン、アントラセン、フェナントレン、ビフェニル、もしくはこれらの芳香環を構成する炭素原子の一部がヘテロ原子で置換された芳香族複素環、又は、これらの芳香環もしくは芳香族複素環を構成する水素原子の一部がオキソ基などで置換された環が挙げられる。芳香族複素環におけるヘテロ原子としては、酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子等が挙げられる。
R’201における芳香族炭化水素基として具体的には、前記芳香環から水素原子を1つ除いた基(アリール基:例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基、アントラセニル基など)、前記芳香環の水素原子の1つがアルキレン基で置換された基(例えば、ベンジル基、フェネチル基、1-ナフチルメチル基、2-ナフチルメチル基、1-ナフチルエチル基、2-ナフチルエチル基等のアリールアルキル基など)、前記芳香環を構成する水素原子の一部がオキソ基などで置換された環(例えばアントラキノン等)から水素原子を1つ除いた基、芳香族複素環(例えば9H-チオキサンテン、9H-チオキサンテン-9-オンなど)から水素原子を1つ除いた基等が挙げられる。前記アルキレン基(アリールアルキル基中のアルキル鎖)の炭素原子数は、1~4であることが好ましく、1~2であることがより好ましく、1であることが特に好ましい。
この構造中に環を含む脂肪族炭化水素基としては、脂環式炭化水素基(脂肪族炭化水素環から水素原子を1個除いた基)、脂環式炭化水素基が直鎖状または分岐鎖状の脂肪族炭化水素基の末端に結合した基、脂環式炭化水素基が直鎖状または分岐鎖状の脂肪族炭化水素基の途中に介在する基などが挙げられる。
前記脂環式炭化水素基は、炭素原子数が3~20であることが好ましく、3~12であることがより好ましい。
前記脂環式炭化水素基は、多環式基であってもよく、単環式基であってもよい。単環式の脂環式炭化水素基としては、モノシクロアルカンから1個以上の水素原子を除いた基が好ましい。該モノシクロアルカンとしては、炭素原子数3~6のものが好ましく、具体的にはシクロペンタン、シクロヘキサン等が挙げられる。多環式の脂環式炭化水素基としては、ポリシクロアルカンから1個以上の水素原子を除いた基が好ましく、該ポリシクロアルカンとしては、炭素原子数7~30のものが好ましい。中でも、該ポリシクロアルカンとしては、アダマンタン、ノルボルナン、イソボルナン、トリシクロデカン、テトラシクロドデカン等の架橋環系の多環式骨格を有するポリシクロアルカン;ステロイド骨格を有する環式基等の縮合環系の多環式骨格を有するポリシクロアルカンがより好ましい。
直鎖状の脂肪族炭化水素基としては、直鎖状のアルキレン基が好ましく、具体的には、メチレン基[-CH2-]、エチレン基[-(CH2)2-]、トリメチレン基[-(CH2)3-]、テトラメチレン基[-(CH2)4-]、ペンタメチレン基[-(CH2)5-]等が挙げられる。
分岐鎖状の脂肪族炭化水素基としては、分岐鎖状のアルキレン基が好ましく、具体的には、-CH(CH3)-、-CH(CH2CH3)-、-C(CH3)2-、-C(CH3)(CH2CH3)-、-C(CH3)(CH2CH2CH3)-、-C(CH2CH3)2-等のアルキルメチレン基;-CH(CH3)CH2-、-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)-、-C(CH3)2CH2-、-CH(CH2CH3)CH2-、-C(CH2CH3)2-CH2-等のアルキルエチレン基;-CH(CH3)CH2CH2-、-CH2CH(CH3)CH2-等のアルキルトリメチレン基;-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2-、-CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2-等のアルキルテトラメチレン基などのアルキルアルキレン基等が挙げられる。アルキルアルキレン基におけるアルキル基としては、炭素原子数1~5の直鎖状のアルキル基が好ましい。
R’201の鎖状のアルキル基としては、直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のいずれでもよい。
直鎖状のアルキル基としては、炭素原子数が1~20であることが好ましく、1~15であることがより好ましく、1~10が最も好ましい。具体的には、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デカニル基、ウンデシル基、ドデシル基、トリデシル基、イソトリデシル基、テトラデシル基、ペンタデシル基、ヘキサデシル基、イソヘキサデシル基、ヘプタデシル基、オクタデシル基、ノナデシル基、イコシル基、ヘンイコシル基、ドコシル基等が挙げられる。
分岐鎖状のアルキル基としては、炭素原子数が3~20であることが好ましく、3~15であることがより好ましく、3~10が最も好ましい。具体的には、例えば、1-メチルエチル基、1-メチルプロピル基、2-メチルプロピル基、1-メチルブチル基、2-メチルブチル基、3-メチルブチル基、1-エチルブチル基、2-エチルブチル基、1-メチルペンチル基、2-メチルペンチル基、3-メチルペンチル基、4-メチルペンチル基などが挙げられる。
R’201の鎖状のアルケニル基としては、直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のいずれでもよく、炭素原子数が2~10であることが好ましく、2~5がより好ましく、2~4がさらに好ましく、3が特に好ましい。直鎖状のアルケニル基としては、例えば、ビニル基、プロペニル基(アリル基)、ブチニル基などが挙げられる。分岐鎖状のアルケニル基としては、例えば、1-メチルビニル基、2-メチルビニル基、1-メチルプロペニル基、2-メチルプロペニル基などが挙げられる。
鎖状のアルケニル基としては、上記の中でも、直鎖状のアルケニル基が好ましく、ビニル基、プロペニル基がより好ましく、ビニル基が特に好ましい。
R210におけるアリール基としては、炭素原子数6~20の無置換のアリール基が挙げられ、フェニル基、ナフチル基が好ましい。
R210におけるアルキル基としては、鎖状又は環状のアルキル基であって、炭素原子数1~30のものが好ましい。
R210におけるアルケニル基としては、炭素原子数が2~10であることが好ましい。
Y201におけるアリーレン基は、R’201における芳香族炭化水素基として例示したアリール基から水素原子を1つ除いた基が挙げられる。
Y201におけるアルキレン基、アルケニレン基は、R’201における鎖状のアルキル基、鎖状のアルケニル基として例示した基から水素原子を1つ除いた基が挙げられる。
W201は、(x+1)価、すなわち2価または3価の連結基である。
W201における2価の連結基としては、置換基を有していてもよい2価の炭化水素基が好ましく、上記式(A1)中のREPで例示した置換基を有していてもよい2価の炭化水素基と同様の基が好ましい。W201における2価の連結基は、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状のいずれであってもよく、環状であることが好ましい。なかでも、アリーレン基の両端に2個のカルボニル基が組み合わされた基、又はアリーレン基のみからなる基が好ましい。アリーレン基としては、フェニレン基、ナフチレン基等が挙げられ、フェニレン基が特に好ましい。
W201における3価の連結基としては、前記W201における2価の連結基から水素原子を1個除いた基、前記2価の連結基にさらに前記2価の連結基が結合した基などが挙げられる。W201における3価の連結基としては、アリーレン基に2個のカルボニル基が結合した基が好ましい。
本実施形態の感光性組成物中、(I1)成分の含有量は、エポキシ基含有化合物((A)成分)と、多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物((B)成分)との合計の含有量100質量部に対して、0.1~5.0質量部であることが好ましく、0.2~3.0質量部であることがより好ましく、0.5~2.0質量部であることがさらに好ましい。
(I1)成分の含有量が、前記の好ましい範囲の下限値以上であると、充分な感度が得られて、パターンのリソグラフィー特性がより向上する。加えて、硬化膜の強度がより高められる。一方、前記の好ましい範囲の上限値以下であると、感度が適度に制御され、良好な形状のパターンが得られやすくなる。
リン系アニオンを含むオニウム塩としては、例えば、下記一般式(I2)で表される化合物(以下「(I2)成分」という)が挙げられる。
(I2)成分は、下記一般式(I2)で表される化合物である。
(I2)成分は、露光により比較的に強い酸を発生するため、(I)成分を含有する感光性組成物を用いてパターンを形成する場合に、充分な感度が得られて良好なパターンが形成される。
前記式(I2)中、Rb05は、置換基を有していてもよいフッ素化アルキル基、又はフッ素原子である。複数のRb05は、互いに同一であってもよく異なっていてもよい。 Rb05におけるフッ素化アルキル基は、炭素原子数が1~10であることが好ましく、1~8がより好ましく、1~5がさらに好ましい。具体的には、炭素原子数1~5のアルキル基において、水素原子の一部又は全部がフッ素原子で置換された基が挙げられる。 中でも、Rb05としては、フッ素原子又は炭素原子数1~5のフッ素化アルキル基が好ましく、フッ素原子又は炭素原子数1~5のパーフルオロアルキル基がより好ましく、フッ素原子、トリフルオロメチル基又はペンタフルオロエチル基がさらに好ましい。
式(b0-2a)中、nb1は、1~4の整数が好ましく、2~4の整数がより好ましく、3が最も好ましい。
式(I2)中、qは1以上の整数であって、Qq+は、q価の有機カチオンである。 このQq+としては、上記式(I1)中のQq+と同様のものが挙げられ、その中でも、一般式(ca-1)で表されるカチオンが好ましく、式(ca-1-1)~(ca-1-48)でそれぞれ表されるカチオンがより好ましく、式(ca-1-25)で表されるカチオン、式(ca-1-29)で表されるカチオン、式(ca-1-35)で表されるカチオン、式(ca-1-47)で表されるカチオンがさらに好ましい。
スルホン酸塩としては、例えば、下記一般式(I3-1)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
カルボン酸塩としては、例えば、下記一般式(I3-2)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
以下、一般式(I3-1)又は(I3-2)で表される化合物をまとめて「(I3)成分」ともいう。
・アニオン部
式(I3-1)中、Rb12は、ハロゲン原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい環式基、ハロゲン原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい鎖状のアルキル基、又はハロゲン原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい鎖状のアルケニル基であって、上述したR’201の説明中の環式基、鎖状のアルキル基、鎖状のアルケニル基のうち、置換基を有しないもの又はハロゲン原子以外の置換基を有するものが挙げられる。
Rb12としては、ハロゲン原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい鎖状のアルキル基、又はハロゲン原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族環式基であることが好ましい。 鎖状のアルキル基としては、炭素原子数1~10であることが好ましく、3~10であることがより好ましい。脂肪族環式基としては、アダマンタン、ノルボルナン、イソボルナン、トリシクロデカン、テトラシクロドデカン等から1個以上の水素原子を除いた基(ハロゲン原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい);カンファー等から1個以上の水素原子を除いた基であることがより好ましい。
Rb12の炭化水素基は、ハロゲン原子以外の置換基を有していてもよく、該置換基としては、前記式(I3-2)のRb11における炭化水素基(芳香族炭化水素基、脂肪族環式基、鎖状のアルキル基)が有していてもよいハロゲン原子以外の置換基と同様のものが挙げられる。
ここでいう「ハロゲン原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい」とは、ハロゲン原子のみからなる置換基を有する場合を排除するのみではなく、ハロゲン原子を1つでも含む置換基を有する場合(例えば、置換基がフッ素化アルキル基である場合等)を排除するものである。
式(I3-1)中、Mm+は、m価の有機カチオンである。
Mm+の有機カチオンとしては、上記一般式(ca-1)~(ca-5)でそれぞれ表されるカチオンと同様のものが好適に挙げられ、これらの中でも、上記一般式(ca-1)で表されるカチオンがより好ましい。この中でも、上記一般式(ca-1)中のR201、R202、R203のうちの少なくとも1つが、置換基を有していてもよい炭素原子数16以上の有機基(アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、アルキル基またはアルケニル基)であるスルホニウムカチオンが、解像性やラフネス特性が向上することから特に好ましい。
前記の有機基が有していてもよい置換基としては、上記と同様であり、アルキル基、ハロゲン原子、ハロゲン化アルキル基、カルボニル基、シアノ基、アミノ基、オキソ基(=O)、アリール基、上記式(ca-r-1)~(ca-r-10)でそれぞれ表される基が挙げられる。
前記の有機基(アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、アルキル基またはアルケニル基)における炭素原子数は、好ましくは16~25、より好ましくは16~20であり、特に好ましくは16~18であり、かかるMm+の有機カチオンとしては、例えば、上記式(ca-1-25)、(ca-1-26)、(ca-1-28)~(ca-1-36)、(ca-1-38)、(ca-1-46)、(ca-1-47)でそれぞれ表されるカチオンが好適に挙げられ、その中でも、上記式(ca-1-29)で表されるカチオンが特に好ましい。
・アニオン部
式(I3-2)中、Rb11は、ハロゲン原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい環式基、ハロゲン原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい鎖状のアルキル基、又はハロゲン原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい鎖状のアルケニル基であって、上述したR’201の説明中の環式基、鎖状のアルキル基、鎖状のアルケニル基のうち、置換基を有しないもの又はハロゲン原子以外の置換基を有するものが挙げられる。
エーテル結合やエステル結合を置換基として含む場合、アルキレン基を介していてもよく、この場合の置換基としては、下記一般式(y-al-1)~(y-al-7)でそれぞれ表される連結基が好ましい。
なお、下記一般式(y-al-1)~(y-al-7)において、上記式(I3-2)中のRb11と結合するのが、下記一般式(y-al-1)~(y-al-7)中のV’101である。
V’101およびV’102におけるアルキレン基として、具体的には、メチレン基[-CH2-];-CH(CH3)-、-CH(CH2CH3)-、-C(CH3)2-、-C(CH3)(CH2CH3)-、-C(CH3)(CH2CH2CH3)-、-C(CH2CH3)2-等のアルキルメチレン基;エチレン基[-CH2CH2-];-CH(CH3)CH2-、-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)-、-C(CH3)2CH2-、-CH(CH2CH3)CH2-等のアルキルエチレン基;トリメチレン基(n-プロピレン基)[-CH2CH2CH2-];-CH(CH3)CH2CH2-、-CH2CH(CH3)CH2-等のアルキルトリメチレン基;テトラメチレン基[-CH2CH2CH2CH2-];-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2-、-CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2-等のアルキルテトラメチレン基;ペンタメチレン基[-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-]等が挙げられる。
また、V’101又はV’102における前記アルキレン基における一部のメチレン基が、炭素原子数5~10の2価の脂肪族環式基で置換されていてもよい。当該脂肪族環式基は、R’201の環状の脂肪族炭化水素基(単環式の脂環式炭化水素基、多環式の脂環式炭化水素基)から水素原子をさらに1つ除いた2価の基が好ましく、シクロへキシレン基、1,5-アダマンチレン基又は2,6-アダマンチレン基がより好ましい。
前記脂肪族環式基としては、アダマンタン、ノルボルナン、イソボルナン、トリシクロデカン、テトラシクロドデカン等のポリシクロアルカンから1個以上の水素原子を除いた基であることがより好ましい。
前記鎖状のアルキル基としては、炭素原子数が1~10であることが好ましく、具体的には、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基等の直鎖状のアルキル基;1-メチルエチル基、1-メチルプロピル基、2-メチルプロピル基、1-メチルブチル基、2-メチルブチル基、3-メチルブチル基、1-エチルブチル基、2-エチルブチル基、1-メチルペンチル基、2-メチルペンチル基、3-メチルペンチル基、4-メチルペンチル基等の分岐鎖状のアルキル基が挙げられる。
式(I3-2)中、Mm+は、m価の有機カチオンであり、前記式(I3-1)中のMm+と同様である。
ここで「pKa(酸解離定数)」とは、対象物質の酸強度を示す指標として一般的に用いられているものをいう。なお、本明細書におけるpKaは、25℃の温度条件における値である。また、pKa値は、公知の手法により測定して求めることができる。また、「ACD/Labs」(商品名、Advanced Chemistry Development社製)等の公知のソフトウェアを用いた計算値を用いることもできる。
かかる(I)成分としては、(I1)成分のみからなるもの、(I1)成分と(I2)成分とを含むものが好適に挙げられる。
(I)成分の含有量が、前記の好ましい範囲の下限値以上であると、充分な感度が得られて、パターンのリソグラフィー特性がより向上する。加えて、硬化膜の強度がより高められる。一方、前記の好ましい範囲の上限値以下であると、感度が適度に制御され、良好な形状のパターンが得られやすくなる。
本実施形態の感光性組成物は、上述した(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分および(I)成分以外に、必要に応じてその他成分を含有してもよい。
実施形態の感光性組成物には、所望により、混和性のある添加剤、例えば、金属酸化物(M)、シランカップリング剤、増感剤成分、溶剤、膜の性能を改良するための付加的樹脂、溶解抑制剤、塩基性化合物、可塑剤、安定剤、着色剤、ハレーション防止剤などを適宜、添加含有させることができる。
本実施形態の感光性組成物は、(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分および(I)成分に加えて、強度が高められた硬化膜が得られやすいことから、さらに、金属酸化物(M)(以下「(M)成分」ともいう)を含有してもよい。また、(M)成分を併有することで、良好な形状で高解像のパターンを形成し得る。
(M)成分としては、例えば、ケイ素(金属ケイ素)、チタン、ジルコニウム、ハフニウム等の金属の酸化物が挙げられる。これらの中でも、ケイ素の酸化物が好ましく、この中でもシリカを用いることが特に好ましい。
かかる粒子状の(M)成分としては、体積平均粒子径が5~40nmの粒子群からなるものが好ましく、体積平均粒子径が5~30nmの粒子群からなるものがより好ましく、体積平均粒子径が10~20nmの粒子群からなるものがさらに好ましい。
(M)成分の体積平均粒子径が、前記の好ましい範囲の下限値以上であると、硬化膜の強度が高められやすくなる。一方、前記の好ましい範囲の上限値以下であると、パターンの形成において、残渣が生じにくくなり、より高解像のパターンが形成されやすくなる。加えて、樹脂膜の透明性が高められる。
(M)成分の粒子径は、露光光源に応じて適宜選択すればよい。一般的に、光の波長に対して、1/10以下の粒子径を持つ粒子は、光散乱の影響はほぼ考えなくてよいとされている。このため、例えばi線(365nm)でのフォトリソグラフィーにより微細構造を形成する場合、(M)成分としては、1次粒子径(体積平均値)10~20nmの粒子群(特に好ましくはシリカ粒子群)を用いることが好ましい。
(M)成分を含む場合の含有量は、前記(A)成分と前記(B)成分との合計の含有量100質量部に対して、5~50質量部であることが好ましく、10~40質量部であることがより好ましく、20~30質量部であることが特に好ましい。
(M)成分の含有量が、前記の好ましい範囲の下限値以上であると、硬化膜の強度がより高められる。一方、前記の好ましい範囲の上限値以下であると、樹脂膜の透明性がより高められる。
本実施形態の感光性組成物は、基板との接着性を向上させるため、さらに接着助剤を含有していてもよい。この接着助剤としては、シランカップリング剤が好ましい。
シランカップリング剤としては、例えばカルボキシ基、メタクリロイル基、イソシアナート基、エポキシ基等の反応性置換基を有するシランカップリング剤が挙げられる。具体例としては、トリメトキシシリル安息香酸、γ-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリアセトキシシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、γ-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、β-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシラン等が挙げられる。
シランカップリング剤は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。 シランカップリング剤を含む場合の含有量は、前記(A)成分と前記(B)成分との合計の含有量100質量部に対して、0.1~10質量部であることが好ましく、0.1~5質量部であることがより好ましく、0.1~3質量部であることがさらに好ましい。 シランカップリング剤の含有量が、前記の好ましい範囲であると、硬化膜の強度がより高められる。加えて、硬化膜と基板との接着性がより強められる。
本実施形態の感光性組成物は、さらに、増感剤成分を含有してもよい。
増感剤成分としては、露光によるエネルギーを吸収して、そのエネルギーを他の物質に伝達し得るものであれば特に限定されるものではない。
増感剤成分として具体的には、ベンゾフェノン、p,p’-テトラメチルジアミノベンゾフェノン等のベンゾフェノン系光増感剤、カルバゾール系光増感剤、アセトフェン系光増感剤、1,5-ジヒドロキシナフタレン等のナフタレン系光増感剤、フェノール系光増感剤、9-エトキシアントラセン等のアントラセン系光増感剤、ビアセチル、エオシン、ローズベンガル、ピレン、フェノチアジン、アントロン等の公知の光増感剤を用いることができる。
増感剤成分は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
増感剤成分を含む場合の含有量は、(A)成分100質量部に対して、0.1~15質量部であることが好ましく、0.3~10質量部であることがより好ましく、0.5~5質量部であることがさらに好ましい。
増感剤成分の含有量が、前記の好ましい範囲であると、感度及び解像性がより高められる。
本実施形態の感光性組成物は、さらに、溶剤(以下「(S)成分」ということがある)を含有してもよい。
(S)成分としては、例えば、γ-ブチロラクトン等のラクトン類;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン(MEK)、シクロヘキサノン、メチル-n-ペンチルケトン、メチルイソペンチルケトン、2-ヘプタノンなどのケトン類;エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコールなどの多価アルコール類;2-メトキシブチルアセテート、3-メトキシブチルアセテート、4-メトキシブチルアセテート、エチレングリコールモノアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノアセテート、またはジプロピレングリコールモノアセテート等のエステル結合を有する化合物、前記多価アルコール類または前記エステル結合を有する化合物のモノメチルエーテル、モノエチルエーテル、モノプロピルエーテル、モノブチルエーテル等のモノアルキルエーテルまたはモノフェニルエーテル等のエーテル結合を有する化合物等の多価アルコール類の誘導体[これらの中では、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME)が好ましい];ジオキサンのような環式エーテル類や、乳酸メチル、乳酸エチル(EL)、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、ピルビン酸メチル、ピルビン酸エチル、メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、エトキシプロピオン酸エチルなどのエステル類;アニソール、エチルベンジルエーテル、クレジルメチルエーテル、ジフェニルエーテル、ジベンジルエーテル、フェネトール、ブチルフェニルエーテル、エチルベンゼン、ジエチルベンゼン、ペンチルベンゼン、イソプロピルベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、シメン、メシチレン等の芳香族系有機溶剤、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)等が挙げられる。
たとえば、固形分濃度が50質量%以上となるように(S)成分を使用することができ、固形分濃度が60質量%以上となるように(S)成分を使用することができる。
また、(S)成分を実質的に含まない態様(すなわち、固形分濃度が100質量%である態様)も採用できる。
本実施形態のネガ型感光性組成物においては、エポキシ基含有化合物(A)と、カチオン重合開始剤(I)と、を含有するネガ型感光性組成物に対して、さらに多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物(B)と、光ラジカル重合開始剤(C)と、を含有させている。エポキシ基含有化合物(A)には、カチオン重合開始剤(I)が架橋反応をし、多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物(B)には、光ラジカル重合開始剤(C)が重合反応をする。それぞれの反応によって、天板部を構成する硬化体の骨格が複雑化するため熱変形性が向上し、硬化時の加熱による変形によるドーミングを抑制することができる。
電子部品における中空構造体としては、後述の(中空構造体の製造方法)についての説明の中で例示される、凹部とこの凹部の開口面を塞ぐ天板部とからなる中空構造体、が挙げられる。
本実施形態の感光性レジストフィルムは、基材フィルム上に、上述した実施形態の感光性組成物を用いて形成された感光性樹脂膜と、カバーフィルムとがこの順に積層したものである。
基材フィルム上への感光性組成物の塗布は、ブレードコーター、リップコーター、コンマコーター、フィルムコーター等による適宜の方法を用いて行えばよい。
感光性樹脂膜の厚さは、100μm以下が好ましく、より好ましくは5~50μmである。
カバーフィルムの厚さは、好ましくは2~150μm、より好ましくは2~100μm、さらに好ましくは5~50μmである。
基材フィルムとカバーフィルムとは、同一のフィルム材料であってもよいし、異なるフィルム材料を用いてもよい。
本実施形態の中空構造体の製造方法は、凹部と、この凹部の開口面を塞ぐ天板部と、からなる中空構造体の製造方法であって、前記天板部を、上記ネガ型感光性組成物を用いて形成する。
図1は、本実施形態の中空構造体の製造方法を説明する模式図である。
図示した中空構造体の製造方法は、基板上に、側壁を形成する工程(第1工程(S1))と、前記側壁上に、天板部を形成して、前記中空構造体を作製する工程(第2工程(S2))と、を有する。以下、第1工程(S1)および第2工程(S2)の詳細を説明する。
第1工程では、基板10上に、側壁20を形成し、表面に凹部15を有する基板10を得る。
図1の[第1工程]には、基板10と、基板10上に形成された側壁20とによって、表面に凹部15を有する基板10が図示されている。
表面に凹部15を有する基板10としては、基板10上にパターンが形成された構造体、段差基板などが挙げられる。なお、この凹部15は有機材料で構成されていても無機材料で構成されていてもよい。
このような、表面に凹部15を有する基板10は、例えば、ネガ型感光性組成物を用いて、支持体上に感光性樹脂膜を形成する工程(以下「膜形成工程」という)と、前記感光性樹脂膜を露光する工程(以下「露光工程」という)と、前記露光後の感光性樹脂膜を、有機溶剤を含有する現像液で現像して、凹部15の側壁20となるネガ型パターンを形成する工程(以下「現像工程」という)と、を有する方法によって製造することができる。このような、表面に凹部15を有する基板10を製造する方法は、以下のようにして行うことができる。
まず、支持体上に、ネガ型感光性組成物を、スピンコート法、ロールコート法、スクリーン印刷法等の公知の方法で塗布し、ベーク(ポストアプライベーク(PAB))処理を、例えば50~150℃の温度条件にて2~60分間施し、感光性樹脂膜を形成する。 なお、当該膜形成工程は、ネガ型感光性組成物を用いて予め作製した感光性組成物層を支持体上に配することでも行うことが可能である。
電子部品用の基板として、より具体的には、シリコン、窒化シリコン、チタン、タンタル、タンタル酸リチウム(LiTaO3)、ニオブ、ニオブ酸リチウム(LiNbO3)、パラジウム、チタンタングステン、銅、クロム、鉄、アルミニウムなどの金属製の基板や、ガラス基板等が挙げられる。
配線パターンの材料としては、例えば銅、アルミニウム、ニッケル、金等が使用可能である。
次に、形成された感光性樹脂膜に対し、公知の露光装置を用いて、所定のパターンが形成されたマスク(マスクパターン)を介した露光、又はマスクパターンを介さない電子線の直接照射による描画等による選択的露光を行った後、必要に応じてベーク(ポストエクスポージャーベーク(PEB))処理を、たとえば80~150℃の温度条件にて40~1200秒間、好ましくは40~1000秒間、より好ましくは60~900秒間施す。
ここで放射線とは、紫外線、可視光線、遠紫外線、X線、電子線などを意味する。放射線照射量は、組成物中の各成分の種類、配合量、塗膜の膜厚などによって異なるが、例えば超高圧水銀灯使用の場合、100~2000mJ/cm2である。
次に、前記露光後の感光性樹脂膜を、有機溶剤を含有する現像液(有機系現像液)で現像する。現像の後、好ましくはリンス処理を行う。必要に応じてベーク処理(ポストベーク)を行ってもよい。
界面活性剤としては、非イオン性の界面活性剤が好ましく、非イオン性のフッ素系界面活性剤、又は非イオン性のシリコン系界面活性剤がより好ましい。
界面活性剤を配合する場合、その配合量は、有機系現像液の全量に対して、通常0.001~5質量%であり、0.005~2質量%が好ましく、0.01~0.5質量%がより好ましい。
リンス処理は、有機溶剤を含有するリンス液を用いることが好ましい。
側壁20の厚さ(支持体に対して水平方向の寸法)及び高さ(支持体に対して垂直方向の寸法)は、凹部15に収容される電子デバイスの種類に応じて決定される中空部の大きさに基づいて、適宜設定することができる。
本実施形態における第2工程では、前記第1工程で形成した側壁20上に、天板部となる露光部30Aを形成して、前記中空構造体を作製する。
本実施形態における第2工程は、下記の工程(i)と、工程(ii)と、工程(iii)と、工程(iv)と、工程(v)とを有する。
工程(ii):前記工程(i)後、感光性樹脂膜30を露光する工程
工程(iii):前記工程(ii)後の感光性樹脂膜30に対して加熱処理を行う工程 工程(iv):前記工程(iii)後、感光性樹脂膜30を現像して、第1工程(S1)で準備した、表面に凹部15を有する基板10において、側壁20と、基板10とで形成される凹部15の開口面を塞ぐネガ型パターン(露光部30A)を形成する工程
工程(v):前記工程(iv)後の前記ネガ型パターン(露光部30A)に対し、さらに加熱処理を行うことにより硬化させて、前記天板部となる露光部30Aが前記感光性樹脂膜の硬化体40からなる中空構造体100を得る工程
本実施形態における感光性レジストフィルム30Fは、例えば、上述したネガ型感光性組成物により形成されたネガ型感光性樹脂膜30を有する。
感光性レジストフィルム30Fとしては、感光性樹脂膜30が基材フィルムに積層した積層フィルムからなるものが挙げられる。本実施形態に係る感光性レジストフィルム30Fは、感光性樹脂膜30が基材フィルムに積層した積層フィルムを用いることが好ましい。
基材フィルム上へのネガ型感光性組成物の塗布は、アプリケーター、ブレードコーター、リップコーター、コンマコーター、フィルムコーター等による適宜の方法を用いて行えばよい。
感光性樹脂膜30の厚さは、100μm以下が好ましく、より好ましくは5~50μmである。
工程(i)では、感光性レジストフィルム30Fを構成する感光性樹脂膜30の表面が、凹部15の開口面を塞ぐように、感光性レジストフィルム30Fを配置する。その後、感光性レジストフィルム30Fを構成する感光性樹脂膜30から、前記基材フィルムを剥離する。
図1において、感光性レジストフィルム30Fを構成する感光性樹脂膜30は、側壁20を介して基板10と対向するように配置される。そして、基板10と、側壁20と、感光性樹脂膜30とで囲まれた中空の密閉空間(キャビティ)が形成される。
工程(ii)では、感光性樹脂膜30を露光する。
例えば、感光性樹脂膜30に対し、公知の露光装置を用いて、所定のパターンが形成されたフォトマスク60を介した選択的露光を行う。
工程(iii)では、露光後の感光性樹脂膜30に対して加熱処理、いわゆるポストエクスポージャーベーク(PEB)処理を行う。
PEB処理は、例えば、80~150℃の温度条件にて40~600秒間、好ましくは60~300秒間で行う。
工程(iii)における加熱処理により、露光後の感光性樹脂膜30は、(A)成分中のエポキシ基が開環重合した露光部30Aと、変化のない未露光部30Bとなる。
工程(iv)では、PEB処理後の感光性樹脂膜30(露光部30A、未露光部30B)を現像してネガ型パターン(露光部30A)を形成する。
ここでの現像は、上述した[現像工程]と同様にして行うことができる。現像の後、好ましくはリンス処理を行う。
工程(iv)における現像により、未露光部30Bが溶解除去されて、ネガ型パターンとして露光部30Aが残像する。露光部30Aは、天板部(凹部の開口面を塞ぐ屋根(Roof))となる。
工程(v)では、現像後のネガ型パターン(露光部30A)に対し、さらに加熱処理(キュア操作)を行うことにより硬化させて、露光部30A(天板部)が感光性樹脂膜30の硬化体40からなる中空構造体100を得る。
図1において、硬化体40は、側壁20を形成する感光性樹脂材料と感光性樹脂膜30とがそれぞれ硬化して一体化している。
(実施例1~5、比較例1~3)
表1に示す各成分を、メチルエチルケトン(MEK)に混合して溶解し、PTFEフィルター(孔径1μm、PALL社製)を用いて濾過を行い、各例のネガ型感光性組成物(固形分濃度70~75質量%の溶液)をそれぞれ調製した。
(A1)-1:下記化学式(A1-1)で表されるエポキシ樹脂。商品名「jER-157S70」、三菱ケミカル株式会社製。
(A1)-2:下記化学式(A1-2)で表されるエポキシ樹脂。商品名「TECHMORE VG-3101L」、プリンテック株式会社製。
(A1)-3:下記化学式(A1-3)で表されるエポキシ樹脂。商品名「YDCN-704」、日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社製。
(I1)-2:下記化学式(I1-2)で表されるカチオン重合開始剤。
(C)-2:下記化学式(C-2)で表される光ラジカル重合開始剤。商品名「Omnirad 819」IGM Resins B.V.社製。
実施例1~5、比較例1~3のネガ型感光性組成物を用いて、各例の中空構造体を得た。中空構造体は、以下の第1工程(S1)および第2工程(S2)により得た。
以下の膜形成工程、露光工程、及び現像工程により、シリコン基板上に側壁を形成することで表面に凹部を有する基板を得た。
TMMFS2000(東京応化工業社製、膜厚20μmのドライフィルムレジスト)をシリコンウェーハ上に80℃、0.3MPa、0.5m/minの条件で、膜厚が20μmとなるようにラミネートした。
該20μmの膜厚を有する感光性樹脂膜に接する基材フィルム(ベースフィルム)を剥離し、Canon PLA-501 ghi線 アライナーを用い、該感光性樹脂膜に、200mJ/cm2の照射量で、500μmX500μmの開口パターンを有するマスクを介して、ghi線を照射した。その後、露光後の感光性樹脂膜に対し、90℃のホットプレート上で、5分間の加熱処理を行った。
加熱処理後の感光性樹脂膜を、現像液としてプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテートを用いて23℃でパドル現像することにより、側壁となるネガ型パターンを形成した。
前記ネガ型パターンに対し、さらに、オーブンにて加熱処理(窒素下、200℃、1時間)を行うことにより硬化させ、感光性樹脂膜の硬化体からなる、表面に凹部を有する基板を形成した。
第1工程で得られた、表面に凹部を有する基板に対し、下記の工程(i)~工程(v)により、凹部の開口面を塞ぐ天板部を形成して、中空構造体を作製した。
工程(ii):前記工程(i)後、前記感光性樹脂膜を露光する工程
工程(iii):前記工程(ii)後の前記感光性樹脂膜に対して加熱処理を行う工程 工程(iv):前記工程(iii)後、前記感光性樹脂膜を現像して、第1工程(S1)で準備した表面に凹部を有する基板において、側壁と、基板とで形成される凹部の開口面を塞ぐネガ型パターン(露光部)を形成する工程
工程(v):前記工程(iv)後の前記ネガ型パターン(露光部)に対し、さらに加熱処理を行うことにより硬化させて、前記天板部となる露光部が前記感光性樹脂膜の硬化体からなる中空構造体を得る工程
まず、上記第1工程で得られた、表面に凹部を有する基板を用意した。
各例のネガ型感光性組成物を、前記基材フィルム上に、アプリケーターを用いて塗布し、オーブンにて70℃、10分間でベーク処理(PAB)を行うことにより、膜厚20~30μmの感光性樹脂膜を形成して、感光性レジストフィルムを得た。
感光性レジストフィルムの感光性樹脂膜表面が、側壁を有する基板における前記側壁の開口面を塞ぐように、感光性レジストフィルムを配置した。
その後、前記感光性レジストフィルムの感光性樹脂膜から前記基材フィルムを剥離する操作を行った。当該操作により、基板と、側壁と、感光性樹脂膜とで囲まれた中空の密閉空間(キャビティ)が形成された。
次いで、Canon PLA-501 ghi線 アライナーを用い、該感光性樹脂膜に、300mJ/cm2の照射量でghi線を照射した。
前記工程(ii)における露光後の感光性樹脂膜に対し、90℃のホットプレート上で、5分間の加熱処理を行った(PEB処理)。
工程(iii)におけるPEB処理により、露光後の感光性樹脂膜は、(A)成分中のエポキシ基が開環重合した露光部(天板部)と、変化のない未露光部となった。
前記工程(iii)における加熱処理後の感光性樹脂膜を、現像液としてプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテートを用いて、23℃でパドル現像することにより、天板部となるネガ型パターンを形成した。
工程(iv)における現像により、未露光部が溶解除去されて、ネガ型パターンとして露光部(天板部)が残像した。
前記工程(iv)後の前記ネガ型パターンに対し、さらに、オーブンにて加熱処理(キュア操作)を行うことにより硬化させて、天板部が各例のネガ型感光性組成物からなる感光性樹脂膜の硬化体からなる中空構造体を得た。
得られた各例の中空構造体に関し、キュア操作の高温加熱処理後の天板部の膨らみ(ドーミング)について、触針式プロファイリングシステム(ブルカー社製、Dektak XT)を用いて測定した。
ドーミングの評価に際し、PEBの加熱処理前(工程(ii)後であって工程(iii)前)の基板から天板部の上面までの高さ(H0)を事前に測定した。
表2中、「Cure後」は、キュア操作の高温加熱処理後(工程(v)後)の基板から硬化体の上面までの高さ(H1)から、PEBの加熱処理前の基板から天板部の上面までの高さ(H0)を引いた値(H1-H0)である。この値(H1-H0)を、表2に測定結果として示す。
15 凹部
20 側壁
30 感光性樹脂膜
30A 露光部(天板部)
30B 未露光部
30F 感光性レジストフィルム
40 硬化体
60 フォトマスク
Claims (5)
- エポキシ基含有化合物と、
カチオン重合開始剤と、
多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物と、
光ラジカル重合開始剤と、
を含有する、中空構造体の天板部を形成するためのネガ型感光性組成物。 - 前記エポキシ基含有化合物の含有量は、前記エポキシ基含有化合物と前記多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物との合計の含有量100質量部に対して、50質量部以上である、請求項1に記載のネガ型感光性組成物。
- シリカナノ粒子をさらに含有する、請求項1又は2に記載のネガ型感光性組成物。
- 前記カチオン重合開始剤の含有量は、前記多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物の含有量100質量部に対して、0.01~50質量部である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のネガ型感光性組成物。
- 凹部と、この凹部の開口面を塞ぐ天板部と、からなる中空構造体の製造方法であって、 前記天板部を、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のネガ型感光性組成物を用いて形成する、中空構造体の製造方法。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020237026271A KR20230144013A (ko) | 2021-02-08 | 2022-01-31 | 네가티브형 감광성 조성물 및 중공 구조체의 제조 방법 |
JP2022579540A JPWO2022168806A1 (ja) | 2021-02-08 | 2022-01-31 | |
CN202280013308.2A CN116917809A (zh) | 2021-02-08 | 2022-01-31 | 负型感光性组合物以及中空结构体的制造方法 |
US18/262,451 US20240103368A1 (en) | 2021-02-08 | 2022-01-31 | Negative photosensitive composition and method for producing hollow structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2021-018152 | 2021-02-08 | ||
JP2021018152 | 2021-02-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022168806A1 true WO2022168806A1 (ja) | 2022-08-11 |
Family
ID=82741380
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2022/003700 WO2022168806A1 (ja) | 2021-02-08 | 2022-01-31 | ネガ型感光性組成物及び中空構造体の製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240103368A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2022168806A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20230144013A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN116917809A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW202246377A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2022168806A1 (ja) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004191840A (ja) * | 2002-12-13 | 2004-07-08 | Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc | レジスト樹脂組成物 |
JP2012068622A (ja) * | 2010-08-24 | 2012-04-05 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 感光性樹脂組成物、感光性フィルム、リブパターンの形成方法、中空構造の形成方法及び電子部品 |
JP2016122153A (ja) * | 2014-12-25 | 2016-07-07 | 株式会社カネカ | 新規感光性樹脂組成物とその応用 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009151050A (ja) | 2007-12-20 | 2009-07-09 | Seiko Epson Corp | 現像装置、画像形成装置およびトナー補給方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-01-31 US US18/262,451 patent/US20240103368A1/en active Pending
- 2022-01-31 CN CN202280013308.2A patent/CN116917809A/zh active Pending
- 2022-01-31 WO PCT/JP2022/003700 patent/WO2022168806A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-01-31 JP JP2022579540A patent/JPWO2022168806A1/ja active Pending
- 2022-01-31 KR KR1020237026271A patent/KR20230144013A/ko unknown
- 2022-02-07 TW TW111104314A patent/TW202246377A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004191840A (ja) * | 2002-12-13 | 2004-07-08 | Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc | レジスト樹脂組成物 |
JP2012068622A (ja) * | 2010-08-24 | 2012-04-05 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 感光性樹脂組成物、感光性フィルム、リブパターンの形成方法、中空構造の形成方法及び電子部品 |
JP2016122153A (ja) * | 2014-12-25 | 2016-07-07 | 株式会社カネカ | 新規感光性樹脂組成物とその応用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW202246377A (zh) | 2022-12-01 |
JPWO2022168806A1 (ja) | 2022-08-11 |
CN116917809A (zh) | 2023-10-20 |
KR20230144013A (ko) | 2023-10-13 |
US20240103368A1 (en) | 2024-03-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6205522B2 (ja) | ネガ型感光性組成物、パターン形成方法 | |
JP7050411B2 (ja) | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物、感光性レジストフィルム、パターン形成方法、硬化膜、硬化膜の製造方法 | |
WO2022168806A1 (ja) | ネガ型感光性組成物及び中空構造体の製造方法 | |
JP7213675B2 (ja) | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物、感光性レジストフィルム、パターン形成方法 | |
WO2023157918A1 (ja) | 中空構造体の製造方法及び積層体 | |
JP7042892B1 (ja) | 中空パッケージの製造方法及び感光性組成物の提供方法 | |
JP2023184074A (ja) | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物、中空構造体の製造方法及び高分子化合物 | |
JP7390789B2 (ja) | 感光性樹脂フィルム及びパターン形成方法 | |
JP2022021255A (ja) | 中空構造体の製造方法、及び中空パッケージの製造方法 | |
JP2022021254A (ja) | 中空構造体の製造方法、及び中空パッケージの製造方法 | |
JP2022043914A (ja) | ネガ型感光性組成物、パターン形成方法及び中空構造体の製造方法 | |
JP2022101132A (ja) | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物及びパターン形成方法 | |
JP2022038418A (ja) | ネガ型感光性組成物、積層フィルム及びパターン形成方法 | |
WO2023120274A1 (ja) | 光硬化性組成物及びパターン形成方法 | |
WO2021070764A1 (ja) | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物、感光性レジストフィルム、パターン形成方法、硬化膜、硬化膜の製造方法及びロール体 | |
JP2023037480A (ja) | ネガ型感光性組成物、パターン形成方法及び中空パッケージの製造方法 | |
WO2023120261A1 (ja) | 光硬化性組成物及びパターン形成方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22749678 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022579540 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18262451 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202280013308.2 Country of ref document: CN |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 22749678 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |