WO2022166373A1 - 扬声器和电子设备 - Google Patents

扬声器和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022166373A1
WO2022166373A1 PCT/CN2021/136223 CN2021136223W WO2022166373A1 WO 2022166373 A1 WO2022166373 A1 WO 2022166373A1 CN 2021136223 W CN2021136223 W CN 2021136223W WO 2022166373 A1 WO2022166373 A1 WO 2022166373A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic
magnetic circuit
voice coil
diaphragm
bracket
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/136223
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱跃光
王继宗
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Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Goertek Inc filed Critical Goertek Inc
Priority to CN202111586609.8A priority Critical patent/CN114286266B/zh
Priority to CN202111573608.XA priority patent/CN114257932B/zh
Priority to CN202111575847.9A priority patent/CN114257933B/zh
Publication of WO2022166373A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022166373A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of loudspeakers, in particular to a loudspeaker and an electronic device using the loudspeaker.
  • Loudspeakers also known as horns, as an electro-acoustic transducer
  • Current loudspeakers can be divided into moving coil loudspeakers, moving iron loudspeakers and flat diaphragm loudspeakers in terms of working principle.
  • electronic devices such as earphones often use multiple drive units, that is, a tweeter and a woofer are used together.
  • the existing tweeter generally has the problem of poor high-pitched effect, which affects the sound quality of the electronic device and affects the user's use effect.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a loudspeaker and an electronic device, aiming to provide a loudspeaker that can effectively improve the sound quality and enhance the high-pitched sound effect.
  • the present invention provides a loudspeaker, the loudspeaker comprising:
  • a vibration system the vibration system is arranged in the installation space, the vibration system includes a vibration membrane and a voice coil arranged on the vibration membrane, the voice coil is wired along the surface of the vibration membrane, and the voice coil is The central axis of the diaphragm is perpendicular to the diaphragm, the voice coil has at least a first wire segment and a second wire segment oppositely arranged, and the current directions in the first wire segment and the second wire segment are opposite;
  • the bracket is a magnetic conductive material part, the bracket is connected with the diaphragm to suspend the vibration system in the installation space, and the bracket has a side wall facing the side of the voice coil , the side wall at least partially overlaps the projection of the voice coil in the horizontal direction;
  • a magnetic circuit system the magnetic circuit system is arranged in the installation space, the magnetic circuit system is opposite to the voice coil and is arranged at an interval, the magnetic circuit system includes a first magnetic circuit part, the first magnetic circuit The part includes at least three first magnetic parts, and the magnetic field lines of the magnetic circuit system at least partially vertically pass through the first wire segment and the second wire segment in the horizontal direction, and pass through the first wire segment and the The direction of the magnetic field lines of the second wire segment is opposite.
  • the first magnetic member is magnetized in a vertical direction, and the magnetization directions of two adjacent first magnetic members are opposite to each other.
  • the number of the first magnetic parts is three
  • the magnetic circuit system further includes a second magnetic circuit part, and the second magnetic circuit part and the first magnetic circuit part are respectively arranged in the magnetic circuit part.
  • the second magnetic circuit portion includes a second magnetic member, and the magnetization direction of the second magnetic member is opposite to the magnetization direction of the first magnetic member located in the middle position.
  • the magnetic circuit system further includes a second magnetic circuit portion, the second magnetic circuit portion and the first magnetic circuit portion are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the voice coil, the second magnetic circuit portion
  • the magnetic circuit part includes a second magnetic member, the number of the second magnetic member is the same as that of the first magnetic member, and the upper and lower corresponding magnetization of the first magnetic member and the second magnetic member The direction is opposite.
  • the first magnetic circuit portion includes a magnetic component group
  • the magnetic component group includes three first magnetic components arranged in the horizontal direction, the first magnetic component located in the middle position is magnetized downward in the vertical direction, and the first magnetic components located at both ends are respectively arranged in the horizontal direction. and magnetized toward the direction away from the first magnetic member in the middle; or, the first magnetic member at the middle position is magnetized upward in the vertical direction, and the first magnetic members at both ends are respectively along the horizontal direction and facing magnetization in the direction close to the first magnetic member in the middle;
  • the magnetic element group includes five first magnetic elements arranged in the horizontal direction, the first magnetic element at the middle position is magnetized downward along the vertical direction, and the two first magnetic elements at both ends are magnetized downward.
  • the magnetic element is upwardly magnetized in the vertical direction, and the two first magnetic elements arranged on both sides of the first magnetic element in the middle position are respectively charged in a horizontal direction and a direction away from the first magnetic element in the middle position.
  • the magnetic circuit system further includes a second magnetic circuit portion, the second magnetic circuit portion and the first magnetic circuit portion are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the voice coil, the second magnetic circuit portion
  • the magnetic circuit part includes a second magnetic member, and the magnetization direction of the second magnetic member is opposite to the magnetization direction of the first magnetic member located in the middle position.
  • the first magnetic circuit portion further includes a third magnetic element, the third magnetic element is disposed at both ends of the magnetic element group, and the extension direction of the third magnetic element is the same as that of the third magnetic element.
  • the extending direction of the first magnetic element is vertical.
  • the magnetic circuit system further includes a second magnetic circuit portion, the second magnetic circuit portion and the first magnetic circuit portion are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the voice coil, the second magnetic circuit portion
  • the magnetic circuit part includes a second magnetic member, the number of the second magnetic member is the same as that of the first magnetic member, and the upper and lower corresponding magnetization of the first magnetic member and the second magnetic member The directions are arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane where the voice coil is located.
  • a connecting member is provided between two adjacent first magnetic members to define an assembly gap between the two first magnetic members.
  • two adjacent first magnetic members are disposed in close contact with each other.
  • the bracket is formed as a hollow frame structure, the top of the bracket is connected to the inner wall of the housing, the magnetic circuit system further includes a second magnetic circuit part, the second magnetic circuit The part and the first magnetic circuit part are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the voice coil, the second magnetic circuit part is located in the bracket, the bottom of the bracket is provided with an escape opening, and the diaphragm and the The bottoms of the brackets are connected and the voice coil is located in the escape opening.
  • the bracket is provided with a horizontal connecting portion extending horizontally, the side of the horizontal connecting portion facing the voice coil is the side wall, and the bottom of the horizontal connecting portion is connected to the first magnetic Road section stops.
  • the diaphragm is a single-layer metal material
  • the diaphragm is formed in a composite layer structure, and at least the surface connected to the voice coil is made of metal material.
  • the voice coil is formed in a square shape.
  • the present invention also provides an electronic device including the above-mentioned speaker.
  • the vibration system is suspended in the installation space of the housing by using the bracket of the magnetic conductive material, so that the magnetic circuit system installed in the installation space and the voice coil of the vibration system are arranged opposite and spaced apart, thereby utilizing At least three first magnetic parts of the first magnetic circuit part in the magnetic circuit system generate a strong magnetic field, so that the diaphragm and the voice coil are in a strong magnetic field strength, and the magnetic field lines at the diaphragm are evenly distributed and the magnetic field strength is
  • the change of the magnetic field has good linearity, which can effectively improve the sound quality of the audio output by the speaker and improve the high-pitched effect; at the same time, the use of the bracket of the magnetic conductive material to achieve the magnetic concentration effect, so that the magnetic field lines of the magnetic circuit system at least partially vertically pass through the horizontal direction.
  • the first wire segment and the second wire segment of the voice coil make the magnetic force lines passing through the first wire segment and the second wire segment opposite in direction, thereby effectively improving the sound quality
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of a speaker in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a speaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the connection between the bracket and the vibration system in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the connection between the bracket and the vibration system in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a voice coil and a magnetic circuit system in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a voice coil and a magnetic circuit system in a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a voice coil and a magnetic circuit system in a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a voice coil and a magnetic circuit system in a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a voice coil and a magnetic circuit system in a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic circuit system in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a first magnetic circuit portion in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first magnetic circuit portion in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a voice coil in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic field simulation of a magnetic circuit system in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Vibration system 411 Magnetic set twenty one Diaphragm 412 first magnetic element twenty two voice coil 413 third magnetic element 221 first wire segment 414 connector 222 second wire segment 415 Assembly clearance twenty three Reinforcing Department 42 second magnetic circuit part 3 bracket 421 second magnetic element
  • Loudspeakers also known as horns, as an electro-acoustic transducer
  • Current loudspeakers can be divided into moving coil loudspeakers, moving iron loudspeakers and flat diaphragm loudspeakers in terms of working principles.
  • the moving coil loudspeaker has a simple structure, mature technology and good performance, but the disadvantage is that the vibration quality is large and the transient characteristics are not good. Swing vibration and split vibration at different frequencies lead to severe peaks and valleys in the high-frequency response, and the nonlinear problem of moving coil loudspeakers leads to high product distortion and serious deterioration of acoustic performance.
  • the advantages of moving iron speakers are good transient response and high efficiency, but the disadvantages are large distortion and narrow frequency response, and are often used in hearing aids.
  • Planar diaphragm speakers using planar diaphragm technology integrate a plane voice coil on the surface of the diaphragm and place the diaphragm in the magnetic field environment generated by the magnetic components.
  • the coil is forced to drive the diaphragm to move back and forth, resulting in the change of air density and sound.
  • the magnetic field generated by the magnetic components of the flat diaphragm speaker is unreasonable, resulting in weak magnetic field strength at the coil, insufficient sensitivity of the flat diaphragm speaker, or uneven distribution of magnetic field lines and poor linearity; or the magnetic component
  • There is no air circulation channel inside which causes the magnetic assembly to hinder the airflow greatly. This leads to problems such as serious distortion of the audio output from the flat-diaphragm speaker, and poor sound quality and treble effects.
  • the present invention provides a speaker 100 . It can be understood that the speaker 100 can be applied to electronic devices such as speakers, earphones, and mobile phones, which is not limited herein.
  • the speaker 100 includes a housing 1, a vibration system 2, a bracket 3 and a magnetic circuit system 4, wherein the housing 1 defines an installation space 11;
  • the vibration system 2 is set in the installation space 11 , and the vibration system 2 includes a vibration membrane 21 and a voice coil 22 arranged on the vibration membrane 21 .
  • the voice coil 22 is wired along the surface of the vibration membrane 21 and the central axis of the voice coil 22 is perpendicular to the vibration membrane 21 .
  • the voice coil 22 at least has a first wire segment 221 and a second wire segment 222 arranged oppositely, and the current directions in the first wire segment 221 and the second wire segment 222 are opposite;
  • the bracket 3 is a magnetic conductive material, and the bracket 3 and the vibration The membrane 21 is connected to suspend the vibration system 2 in the installation space 11, the bracket 3 has a side wall 33 facing the side of the voice coil, the side wall 33 and the projection of the voice coil 22 in the horizontal direction at least partially overlap;
  • the housing 1 is used to install, fix, support and protect the vibration system 2, the bracket 3 and the magnetic circuit system 4 and other components, that is, the housing 1 provides the vibration system 2, the bracket 3 and the magnetic circuit system 4 and other components. Install the base. It can be understood that the housing 1 may be a structure such as a mounting shell, an outer shell, or a box body having a mounting space 11 , which is not limited herein.
  • the housing 1 may be configured in a circular or square structure, etc., which is not limited herein.
  • the casing 1 includes an upper casing 12 and a lower casing 13 matched with the upper casing 12 , so that the upper casing 12 and the lower casing 13 enclose an installation space 11 .
  • the lower shell 13 can be configured in a U-shaped structure, which can include a flat bottom wall and a side wall provided on the bottom wall.
  • the upper shell 12 can also be arranged in a U-shaped structure, which can include a flat top wall and side walls respectively of the top wall. In this way, the upper case 12 and the lower case 13 are cross-fastened together to define an installation space 11 for installing the vibration system 2 , the bracket 3 and the magnetic circuit system 4 and other components.
  • the vibration system 2 includes a diaphragm 21 and a voice coil 22 .
  • the voice coil 22 is disposed on the diaphragm 21 , and the diaphragm 21 can be selected as a flat diaphragm 21 structure, so that the voice coil 22 is disposed on the flat surface of the diaphragm 21 .
  • the voice coil 22 may be a flexible circuit board attached to the diaphragm 21 .
  • the voice coil 22 may also be composed of a plurality of coils provided on the same surface of the diaphragm 21 , which is not limited here.
  • the diaphragm 21 can be made of metal material or non-metal material, such as paper, PET (polyester film), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), PAR (polyarylate), PI (polyimide) , PEN, woven glass fiber or aluminum, etc., which are not limited here. Further, the diaphragm 21 may be a metal plane diaphragm.
  • the support 3 is set as a magnetic conductive material, so that the vibration system 2 is suspended in the installation space 11 by the support 3.
  • the support 3 is used to provide stability for the installation of the vibration system 2.
  • the side wall 33 of the bracket 3 facing the voice coil side and the projection of the outer wall of the voice coil 22 in the horizontal direction are at least partially overlapped, so that the bracket 3 of the magnetic conductive material is used.
  • the magnetization effect is achieved, so that the magnetic field lines generated by the magnetic circuit system 4 vertically pass through the first wire segment 221 and the second wire segment 222 of the voice coil 22 in the horizontal direction, and pass through the first wire segment 221 and the second wire segment 222
  • the direction of the magnetic field lines is opposite, so that the magnetic field lines at the diaphragm 21 are evenly distributed and the magnetic field changes in the vibration direction of the diaphragm 21 have good linearity, which can effectively improve the sound quality of the audio output by the speaker 100, and enhance the high-pitched effect.
  • the distortion of the audio output by the speaker 100 can be alleviated to a certain extent.
  • the at least three first magnetic members 412 of the first magnetic circuit portion 41 in the magnetic circuit system 4 form a strong magnetic field, so that the diaphragm 21 and the voice coil 22 of the vibration system 2 are in a strong magnetic field strength
  • the magnetic field lines at the diaphragm 21 are evenly distributed, and the change of the magnetic field strength has good linearity, which can effectively improve the sound quality of the audio output by the speaker 100 and improve the high-pitched effect.
  • the first magnetic circuit portion 41 includes a plurality of first magnetic elements 412, and the plurality of first magnetic elements 412 may also form a Halbach magnetic element array.
  • the plurality of first magnetic members 412 of the first magnetic circuit portion 41 may also form a magnetic field with a higher magnetic field strength, which is not limited herein.
  • the magnetic circuit system 4 by arranging the magnetic circuit system 4 in the installation space 11 and being opposite to and spaced apart from the voice coil 22, by adjusting the first magnetic member 412 in the first magnetic circuit part 41
  • the magnetization direction of the first magnetic circuit part 41 makes the first magnetic element 412 in the first magnetic circuit part 41 form a Halbach magnetic element array, that is, the magnetic element array of the first magnetic element 412 and the arrangement law satisfy the Halbach array.
  • the Halbeck magnetic element array can generate a strong magnetic field, and the magnetic field generated by the Halbeck magnetic element array drives the diaphragm 21 to vibrate and emit sound, so that the diaphragm 21 has a strong magnetic field, which is beneficial to improve the control of the diaphragm. 21 vibration sensitivity; and, the Halbach magnetic element array allows the magnetic field lines at the diaphragm 21 to be uniformly distributed and the magnetic field change in the vibration direction of the diaphragm 21 has good linearity, which can effectively improve the sound quality of the audio output by the speaker 100 , to improve the treble effect, and to a certain extent, alleviate the distortion of the audio output by the speaker 100 .
  • the vibration of the diaphragm 21 is that the edge of the diaphragm 21 is fixed, and the surface of the diaphragm 21 vibrates back and forth in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the diaphragm 21 .
  • the magnetic circuit system 4 is disposed relative to the diaphragm 21 and the voice coil 22 , that is, the diaphragm 21 is located in the magnetic field formed by the plurality of first magnetic members 412 , and is used to generate an effect when a current is passed through the voice coil 22 .
  • the magnetic force of the voice coil 22 drives the diaphragm 21 to vibrate back and forth in the direction of the magnetic force to produce sound. It can be understood that, after current is passed through the voice coil 22, the currents in the first wire segment 221 and the second wire segment 222 disposed opposite to each other in the voice coil 22 flow in opposite directions.
  • the first magnetic member 412 of the magnetic circuit system 4 may be an electromagnet or a permanent magnet, but its magnetic properties remain unchanged.
  • any adjacent first magnetic members 412 can be optionally arranged at intervals, in close contact, or connected by connecting members, etc., which is not limited herein.
  • the speaker 100 of the present invention suspends the vibration system 2 in the installation space 11 of the housing 1 by using the bracket 3 of the magnetic conductive material, so that the magnetic circuit system 4 installed in the installation space 11 and the voice coil 22 of the vibration system 2 They are arranged opposite and spaced apart, so that at least three first magnetic elements 412 of the magnetic circuit system 4 are used to form a magnetic element array, and a magnetic field with a relatively strong magnetic field strength is generated, so that the diaphragm 21 and the voice coil 22 are in a relatively strong magnetic field strength.
  • the magnetization effect is achieved by using the bracket 3 of the magnetic conductive material, so that the magnetic field lines of the magnetic circuit system 4 at least partially vertically pass through the first wire segment 221 of the voice coil 22 and the The second wire segment 222 makes the magnetic force lines passing through the first wire segment 221 and the second wire segment 222 in opposite directions, thereby effectively improving the sound quality and treble effect of the speaker 100 .
  • the first magnetic members 412 are magnetized in a vertical direction, and the magnetization directions of two adjacent first magnetic members 412 are opposite to each other.
  • the at least three first magnetic members 412 of the first magnetic circuit portion 41 in the magnetic circuit system 4 can also form a Halbach magnetic member array, so that according to the magnetic field law of the Halbach array, the surface of the diaphragm 21 corresponds to the first magnetic member 412 .
  • the magnetic field of a part of the magnetic element 412 is better than the magnetic field of the part not corresponding to the first magnetic element 412 , including the magnetic field strength, the linearity of the magnetic field strength changing with the position, and the distribution uniformity of the magnetic field lines.
  • the voice coil 22 is optionally disposed in the area defined by the orthographic projection of the first magnetic member 412 on the surface of the diaphragm 21 .
  • the orthographic projection of the voice coil 22 on the surface of the diaphragm 21 is located in the orthographic projection of the first magnetic member 412 on the surface of the diaphragm 21, so that the voice coil 22 is in a relatively reasonable magnetic field, so as to alleviate the audio output from the speaker 100. distortion, and improve the sound quality of the audio output by the speaker 100.
  • the direction of the magnetic field lines in the two adjacent first magnetic members 412 is opposite, the direction of the magnetic force on the voice coil 22 corresponding to the two adjacent first magnetic members 412 is the same, so as to facilitate the driving of the diaphragm 21 to vibrate Sound, thereby increasing the proportion of a reasonable magnetic field in the magnetic field at the diaphragm 21, that is, increasing the proportion of the surface of the diaphragm 21 corresponding to the first magnetic member 412, which is conducive to improving the rationality of the magnetic field where the diaphragm 21 is located, so as to improve the The distortion of the audio output by the speaker 100 is alleviated, and the sound quality of the audio output by the speaker 100 is improved.
  • the distances from the surfaces of the adjacent two adjacent first magnetic members 412 adjacent to the diaphragm 21 to the diaphragm 21 are the same, so as to further improve the rationality of the magnetic field where the diaphragm 21 is located, and further alleviate the audio frequency output by the speaker 100. In case of distortion, the sound quality of the audio output by the speaker 100 is improved.
  • the magnetization directions of two adjacent first magnetic members 412 among the at least three first magnetic members 412 of the first magnetic circuit portion 41 are opposite, that is, in the adjacent two first magnetic members 412 When the N pole of one first magnetic member 412 is on the top and the S pole is on the bottom, the N pole of the other first magnetic member 412 is on the bottom and the S pole is on the top, and vice versa.
  • two adjacent first magnetic members 412 are spaced apart, so that a horizontal magnetic field can be formed just above the space.
  • a laterally placed first magnetic member 412 may also be disposed between two adjacent first magnetic members 412 , that is, the first magnetic member 412 located in the adjacent two first magnetic members 412
  • the N pole of the member 412 is opposite to and spaced from a first magnetic member 412
  • the S pole is opposite to and spaced from another first magnetic member 412 , which is not limited herein.
  • the two first magnetic members 412 on both sides of the first magnetic member 412 in the middle are arranged in a lateral direction, for example, when the N pole of the first magnetic member 412 in the middle is lower and the S pole is upper, the first magnetic member 412 in the middle
  • the S poles of the two first magnetic pieces 412 on both sides of the magnetic piece 412 are located at one end of the first magnetic piece 412 close to the middle, and the N poles are located at the end of the first magnetic piece 412 away from the middle, and vice versa. limited.
  • the magnetic circuit system 4 further includes a second magnetic circuit portion 42 .
  • the portion 42 and the first magnetic circuit portion 41 are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the voice coil 22.
  • the second magnetic circuit portion 42 includes a second magnetic member 421. The magnetization directions of the magnetic members 412 are opposite.
  • first magnetic circuit portion 41 and the second magnetic circuit portion 42 are arranged on opposite sides of the vibration system 2 respectively, that is to say, magnetic fields with strong magnetic field strength are formed on the opposite sides of the vibrating membrane 21, so that the The strength of the magnetic field where the diaphragm 21 is located is further enhanced, thereby further improving the sensitivity of controlling the vibration of the diaphragm 21 and improving the sound quality of the audio output by the speaker 100 .
  • the magnetic field of the magnetic field where the diaphragm 21 is located is made.
  • the distribution of the sense lines is more uniform, and the change of the magnetic field intensity in the vibration direction of the diaphragm 21 has better linearity, thereby optimizing the performance of the speaker 100 and increasing the BL of the speaker 100 by 37.64%.
  • the magnetic circuit system 4 further includes a second magnetic circuit portion 42 , and the second magnetic circuit portion 42 and the first magnetic circuit portion 41 are respectively provided on two opposite sides of the voice coil 22 .
  • the second magnetic circuit portion 42 includes second magnetic members 421, the number of the second magnetic members 421 is the same as the number of the first magnetic members 412, and the upper and lower corresponding first magnetic members 412 and second magnetic members 421 The magnetization direction is opposite.
  • the second magnetic circuit portion 42 and the first magnetic circuit portion 41 are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the vibration system 2, and the first magnetic member 412 and the first magnetic circuit portion 41 in the upper and lower corresponding first magnetic circuit portions 41 are arranged
  • the magnetization directions of the second magnetic elements 421 in the two magnetic circuit parts 42 are opposite, that is, the magnetic fields generated by the magnetic element arrays on both sides of the diaphragm 21 are symmetrical, so that the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field where the diaphragm 21 is located are distributed. It is more uniform, and the change of the magnetic field strength in the vibration direction of the diaphragm 21 has better linearity.
  • first magnetic circuit portion 41 and the second magnetic circuit portion 42 located on opposite sides of the vibration system 2 may respectively form an array of Halbach magnetic elements.
  • first magnetic circuit portion 41 and the second magnetic circuit portion 42 located on opposite sides of the vibration system 2 may also respectively form other magnetic element arrays, which are not limited herein.
  • the second magnetic circuit portion 42 and the first magnetic circuit portion 41 are located on both sides of the diaphragm 21 respectively.
  • the Halbach magnetic element array formed on the surface can help to alleviate the second harmonic distortion and the third harmonic distortion of the diaphragm 21 , further alleviate the distortion of the audio output by the speaker 100 , and improve the sound quality of the audio output by the speaker 100 .
  • the size of the second magnetic circuit portion 42 by appropriately adjusting the size of the second magnetic circuit portion 42 so that the size of the second magnetic circuit portion 42 is between the size of the first magnetic circuit portion 41 , the effective magnetic field is fully utilized, and the output of the speaker 100 is further increased.
  • BL value is adjusting the size of the second magnetic circuit portion 42 so that the size of the second magnetic circuit portion 42 is between the size of the first magnetic circuit portion 41 .
  • the BL value of the speaker 100 is increased by 37.12% by changing the different magnetization directions of the second magnetic circuit portion 42 and the first magnetic circuit portion 41 on the opposite sides of the vibration system 2 to optimize.
  • the first magnetic circuit part 41 includes a magnetic element group 411 , and the magnetic element group 411 includes three first magnetic elements 412 arranged in the horizontal direction, and the first magnetic element in the middle The pieces 412 are magnetized downward in a vertical direction, and the first magnetic pieces 412 at both ends are respectively magnetized in a horizontal direction and a direction away from the middle first magnetic piece 412 .
  • the magnetic element group 411 includes three first magnetic elements 412 arranged in the horizontal direction, and the first magnetic element in the middle
  • the pieces 412 are magnetized downward in a vertical direction, and the first magnetic pieces 412 at both ends are respectively magnetized in a horizontal direction and a direction away from the middle first magnetic piece 412 .
  • the first magnetic circuit part 41 includes a magnetic element group 411 , and the magnetic element group 411 includes three first magnetic elements 412 arranged in the horizontal direction, and the first magnetic element in the middle
  • the magnetic pieces 412 are magnetized upward along the vertical direction, and the first magnetic pieces 412 located at both ends are respectively magnetized along the horizontal direction and toward the direction close to the middle first magnetic piece 412 .
  • the magnetic element group 411 includes three first magnetic elements 412 , for example, the middle first magnetic element 412 and the adjacent first magnetic elements 412 on both sides of the middle first magnetic element 412 .
  • the magnetization directions of the three first magnetic elements 412 in 411 form a Halbach magnetic element array.
  • the first magnetic members 412 at both ends are respectively horizontally and facing magnetized in a direction away from the middle first magnetic member 412, thereby generating a magnetic field consisting of alternating polarity loops emanating from the middle first magnetic member 412, the first magnetic field polarized in the + and -X directions
  • the path over the magnets 412 curves and eventually returns to the first magnets 412 on the outermost portion of the array.
  • the magnetic element group 411 includes five first magnetic elements 412 arranged in the horizontal direction, and the first magnetic element 412 in the middle position is magnetized downward in the vertical direction, The two first magnetic pieces 412 at both ends are magnetized upward along the vertical direction, and the two first magnetic pieces 412 located on both sides of the first magnetic piece 412 at the middle position are respectively horizontally and facing away from the first magnetic piece at the middle position. magnetized in the direction of the element 412 .
  • the magnetic element group 411 includes three, five or more first magnetic elements 412 , by adjusting the magnetization directions of the three, five or more first magnetic elements 412 in the magnetic element group 411 , forming the first magnetic circuit portion 41 of the Halbeck array.
  • the magnetization directions of the five first magnetic members 412 such that the first magnetic member 412 at the middle position is magnetized downward in the vertical direction, and the two first magnetic members 412 at both ends are magnetized upward along the vertical direction
  • the two or more first magnetic members 412 disposed on both sides of the first magnetic member 412 in the middle position are respectively magnetized in a horizontal direction and away from the first magnetic member 412 in the middle position, so as to generate alternating polarities.
  • the magnetic circuit system 4 further includes a second magnetic circuit portion 42 , the second magnetic circuit portion 42 and the first magnetic circuit portion 42 .
  • the magnetic circuit parts 41 are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the voice coil 22.
  • the second magnetic circuit part 42 includes a second magnetic member 421. The direction is opposite.
  • the magnetic fields generated by the magnetic element arrays on both sides of the diaphragm 21 are symmetrical to further The strength of the magnetic field where the diaphragm 21 is located is enhanced, thereby further improving the sensitivity of controlling the vibration of the diaphragm 21 and improving the sound quality of the audio output by the speaker 100 .
  • the magnetic field of the magnetic field where the diaphragm 21 is located is made.
  • the distribution of the sense lines is more uniform, and the change of the magnetic field intensity in the vibration direction of the diaphragm 21 has better linearity, thereby optimizing the performance of the speaker 100 and increasing the BL of the speaker 100 by 37.64%.
  • the second magnetic circuit portion 42 and the A magnetic circuit portion 41 forms Halbach magnetic element arrays on both sides of the diaphragm 21 respectively, which is not limited herein.
  • FIG. 14 shows the simulation result of the magnetic field distribution in which the first magnetic circuit portion 41 and the second magnetic circuit portion 42 are respectively provided on both sides of the diaphragm 21 in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first magnetic circuit part 41 further includes a third magnetic element 413 , the third magnetic element 413 is disposed at both ends of the magnetic element group 411 , and the third magnetic element 413 The extending direction of is perpendicular to the extending direction of the first magnetic member 412 .
  • the extending direction of the third magnetic member 413 is perpendicular to the extending direction of the first magnetic member 412, so that the third magnetic member 413 is used to strengthen the first magnetic member 413.
  • the magnetic field in the extending direction of the magnetic member 412 makes the voice coil 22 corresponding to the third magnetic member 413 act by the magnetic force generated by the third magnetic member 413 , thereby controlling the reciprocating vibration of the diaphragm 21 to improve the vibration sensitivity of the diaphragm 21 .
  • the magnetic circuit system 4 further includes a second magnetic circuit portion 42 , and the second magnetic circuit portion 42 and the first magnetic circuit portion 41 are respectively disposed on two opposite sides of the voice coil 22 .
  • the second magnetic circuit portion 42 includes second magnetic members 421, the number of the second magnetic members 421 is the same as the number of the first magnetic members 412, and the upper and lower corresponding first magnetic members 412 and second magnetic members 421 The magnetization directions are symmetrically arranged with respect to the plane where the voice coil 22 is located.
  • the second magnetic circuit portion 42 and the first magnetic circuit portion 41 are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the vibration system 2, and the first magnetic member 412 and the first magnetic circuit portion 41 in the upper and lower corresponding first magnetic circuit portions 41 are arranged
  • the magnetization directions of the second magnetic elements 421 in the two magnetic circuit parts 42 are opposite, that is, the magnetic fields generated by the magnetic element arrays on both sides of the diaphragm 21 are symmetrical, so that the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field where the diaphragm 21 is located are distributed. It is more uniform, and the change of the magnetic field strength in the vibration direction of the diaphragm 21 has better linearity.
  • the second magnetic circuit portion 42 and the first magnetic circuit portion 41 respectively form Halbach magnetic element arrays on the two sides of the diaphragm 21, which can help to alleviate the second harmonic of the diaphragm 21. Distortion and third harmonic distortion can further alleviate the distortion of the audio output by the speaker 100 and improve the sound quality of the audio output by the speaker 100 .
  • the size of the second magnetic circuit portion 42 so that the size of the second magnetic circuit portion 42 is between the size of the first magnetic circuit portion 41 , the effective magnetic field is fully utilized, and the output of the speaker 100 is further increased.
  • BL value is adjusting the size of the second magnetic circuit portion 42 so that the size of the second magnetic circuit portion 42 is between the size of the first magnetic circuit portion 41 .
  • the BL value of the speaker 100 is increased by 37.12% by changing the different magnetization directions of the second magnetic circuit portion 42 and the first magnetic circuit portion 41 on the opposite sides of the vibration system 2 to optimize.
  • a connecting member 414 is provided between two adjacent first magnetic members 412 to define the space between the two first magnetic members 412 . Assembly gap 415 between.
  • the connecting member 414 by disposing the connecting member 414 between two adjacent first magnetic members 412, the first magnetic member 412 is fixed by the connecting member 414, so as to ensure the relative relationship between the first magnetic circuit portion 41 and the diaphragm 21. The positional relationship is also fixed, thereby ensuring the vibration frequency of the diaphragm 21 .
  • an assembly gap 415 between the two first magnetic members 412 is defined by the connecting member 414 disposed between the two adjacent first magnetic members 41 .
  • the assembly gap 415 is used to facilitate the assembly of the first magnetic circuit portion 41 .
  • the assembly gap 415 can also be used to reduce the obstruction of the magnetic field to the airflow, so that the speaker 100 has good air compliance, so as to further improve the sound quality of the audio output by the speaker 100. Distortion of the output audio.
  • two adjacent first magnetic pieces 412 can also be arranged at intervals, so as to form a passage for air flow between two adjacent first magnetic pieces 412, so as to allow air flow to circulate in the magnetic field, thereby reducing the air flow rate.
  • the obstruction of the magnetic field to the airflow is reduced, so that the speaker 100 has good air compliance, so as to further alleviate the distortion of the audio output by the speaker 100 and improve the sound quality and treble effect of the audio output by the speaker 100 .
  • the two adjacent first magnetic members 412 can also be fixed relative to each other by gluing, mechanical pressing, and fixing to external structures such as brackets, so as to ensure that the surfaces of the two sides of the diaphragm 21 are fixed.
  • the relative positional relationship between the first magnetic circuit portion 41 and the second magnetic circuit portion 42 and the diaphragm 21 is also fixed, which is not limited here.
  • the distance between any two adjacent first magnetic members 412 is the same.
  • the first magnetic member 412 may also be configured as a ring-magnetic-like structure, which is not limited herein.
  • the first magnetic member 412/second magnetic member 421 of the first magnetic circuit portion 41 and the second magnetic circuit portion 42 may also be provided as sheets of magnetic material, eg powdered ferrite in a binder where different regions are exposed to different magnetic fields for magnetization.
  • the first magnetic member 412/second magnetic member 421 of the first magnetic circuit portion 41 and the second magnetic circuit portion 42 may be independent magnets, such as magnetic strips, which may be magnetized in different directions and then side by side Arranged to effectively form a flat magnetic array with a rotating magnetic field, without limitation.
  • two adjacent first magnetic members 412 are disposed in close contact with each other. It can be understood that the two adjacent first magnetic members 412 may be fixed by means of gluing or mechanical pressing, which is not limited herein.
  • the bracket 3 is formed as a hollow frame structure, the top of the bracket 3 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 1, and the magnetic circuit system 4 further includes a second magnetic circuit portion 42, The second magnetic circuit portion 42 and the first magnetic circuit portion 41 are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the voice coil 22, the second magnetic circuit portion 42 is located in the bracket 3, the bottom of the bracket 3 is provided with an escape port 31, the diaphragm 21 and the bracket The bottoms of 3 are connected and the voice coil 22 is located in the escape opening 31 .
  • the bracket 3 by setting the bracket 3 as a hollow frame structure, the top of the bracket 3 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 1, so that the hollow frame body of the bracket 3 defines the second magnetic circuit part 42, which can be used in this way.
  • the bracket 3 of the magnetically conductive material has a magnetizing effect on the second magnetic circuit portion 42 in the hollow frame, thereby further increasing the magnetic field strength of the second magnetic circuit portion 42 acting on the diaphragm 21 and the voice coil 22 .
  • the escape port 31 can be used to provide an escape space for the voice coil 22 , so that the voice coil 22 is easily subjected to the magnetic force of the first magnetic circuit portion 41 .
  • the bracket 3 in order to ensure the gap between the voice coil 22 and the first magnetic circuit part 41 when the bracket 3 abuts against the first magnetic circuit part 41, the bracket 3 has a side wall 33 facing the voice coil side, The side wall 33 at least partially overlaps with the projection of the outer wall of the voice coil 22 in the horizontal direction, that is, the bottom part of the bracket 3 protrudes from the surface of the voice coil 22 facing the first magnetic circuit part 41 , so that the magnetic concentration of the bracket 3 can be improved. Effect. Further, the projection of the side wall 33 and the outer wall of the voice coil 22 in the horizontal direction completely overlaps.
  • the bracket 3 is provided with a horizontal connecting portion 32 extending horizontally.
  • the side of the horizontal connecting portion 32 facing the voice coil is a side wall 33 .
  • a magnetic circuit portion 41 stops.
  • the horizontal connecting portion 32 extending horizontally is provided at the bottom of the bracket 3 , so that the horizontal connecting portion 32 is connected to the diaphragm 21 , and the installation stability of the diaphragm 21 is further improved.
  • the side of the horizontal connecting portion 32 facing the voice coil is the side wall 33 , that is, the side wall 33 and the projection of the outer wall of the voice coil 22 in the horizontal direction at least partially overlap, so that the bottom of the horizontal connecting portion 32 can be connected with the first When the magnetic circuit portion 41 stops, a gap between the voice coil 22 and the first magnetic circuit portion 41 is ensured.
  • the horizontal connection portion 32 is arranged so that when the bracket 3 is installed in the installation space 11 of the housing 1, the bracket 3 stops abutting against the first magnetic circuit portion 41 through the bottom of the horizontal connection portion 32, so that convenient assembly can be achieved, and the lifting The effect of assembly accuracy.
  • the bracket 3 is connected to the diaphragm 21 , and the voice coil 22 is arranged on the diaphragm 21 , and the gap between the voice coil 22 and the first magnetic circuit part 41 can be controlled by controlling the mounting height of the bracket 3 .
  • the installation tolerance of the bracket 3 and the voice coil 22 can be easily controlled, and the assembly efficiency and assembly accuracy can be improved.
  • the material of the bracket 3 can be selected as SPCC, which can improve the magnetic conductivity and increase the BL value of the speaker 100 , which is not limited here.
  • FIG. 14 shows the simulation result of the magnetic field distribution in which the first magnetic circuit portion 41 and the second magnetic circuit portion 42 are respectively provided on both sides of the diaphragm 21 in the embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen that the bracket 3 of the magnetic conductive material is used, and the horizontal connecting portion 32 extending horizontally is arranged on the bracket 3, so that the magnetic concentration effect of the magnetic field where the voice coil 22 is located is further improved by using the horizontal connecting portion 32.
  • the diaphragm 21 is a single-layer metal material. It can be understood that the diaphragm 21 can be selected as a flat single-layer metal material, so as to improve the sensitivity of the diaphragm 21 .
  • the diaphragm 21 is an aluminum plate or the like, which is not limited herein.
  • the diaphragm 21 can also be made of a single-layer film made of materials such as PET (polyester film), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), PAR (polyarylate), or PI (polyimide).
  • PET polyyester film
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • PAR polyarylate
  • PI polyimide
  • the diaphragm 21 of the single-layer film material is either too hard and brittle, the surface of the diaphragm 21 is uneven when the tension is small, and the diaphragm 21 is too tight when the tension is large, and the diaphragm is easy to break; or it is too soft, the surface tension of the diaphragm 21 is not enough, and because The diaphragm 21 is too easy to stretch, and the tension decreases with time or after vibration, and finally the diaphragm 21 is too loose.
  • the internal damping of the single-layer film material is insufficient, and the trailing edge characteristics of the transient characteristics of the diaphragm 21 are not good, that is, when the vibration coil stops energizing, the internal damping of the diaphragm 21 is too small, and it needs a longer delay to stop the vibration.
  • the diaphragm 21 is formed as a composite layer structure, and at least the surface connected with the voice coil 22 is made of metal material.
  • the vibrating membrane 21 can play a good supporting role and provide sufficient rigidity.
  • the surface connecting the diaphragm 21 and the voice coil 22 is made of metal material, so that the metal material can play a good supporting role and provide sufficient rigidity, and other composite structures of the diaphragm 21 can be used. Provide good elasticity and sufficient damping, so that the diaphragm 21 has the effect of low distortion in a relatively large vibration range.
  • the vibrating membrane 21 can optionally be a double-layer or a multi-layer composite structure, which is not limited herein.
  • the double-layer composite structure is used as an example to illustrate.
  • the diaphragm 21 includes a first sub-diaphragm and a second sub-diaphragm.
  • the first sub-diaphragm can play a good supporting role and provide sufficient rigidity, while the second sub-diaphragm
  • the diaphragm can provide good elasticity and sufficient damping, so that the diaphragm 21 has the effect of low distortion in a relatively large vibration range.
  • the material of the first sub-diaphragm can be selected from a metal material, such as an aluminum plate
  • the material of the second sub-diaphragm can be selected from PEEK (polyether ether ketone), PAR (polyarylate), TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethanes, Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber) or TPE (Thermoplastic Elastomer, thermoplastic elastomer) and so on.
  • the first sub-diaphragm and the second sub-diaphragm may be bonded by an adhesive layer such as acrylic or silica gel or other soft polymer materials, which is not limited herein.
  • the voice coil 22 is formed in a square shape. It can be understood that by setting the voice coil 22 in a square structure, the voice coil 22 includes the first straight side and the second straight side connected in sequence, that is, the first wire segment 221 and the second wire segment 222 of the voice coil 22 The two opposite first straight sides or the two second straight sides are arranged in this way, so that the voice coil 22 effectively increases the magnetic flux relative to the traditional racetrack voice coil.
  • the voice coil 22 can be formed by printing, vapor deposition, or 3D printing on the surface of the diaphragm 21 .
  • the surface of the diaphragm 21 may be provided with the voice coil 22 only on one surface, or may be provided with the voice coil 22 on both sides of the surface of the diaphragm 21 , which is not limited herein.
  • the diaphragm 21 By passing a current on the voice coil 22, the diaphragm 21 is driven to vibrate in a predetermined direction to produce sound, wherein by continuously changing the current flow in the voice coil 22, the direction of the magnetic force on the voice coil 22 is constantly changed, thereby controlling the vibration.
  • the membrane 21 vibrates back and forth. It can be understood that, the greater the number of voice coils 22, the greater the magnetic force driving the vibration of the diaphragm 21, and the higher the sensitivity of controlling the vibration of the diaphragm 21. However, the size of the surface of the diaphragm 21 and the product specifications of the loudspeaker 100 also need to be considered, which are not limited here.
  • the wire material of the voice coil 22 may be metals such as aluminum, copper, nickel, gold, and silver, or an alloy of these metals, which is not limited herein.
  • the part of the coil 22 will exhibit different divided vibrations, that is, the vibration amplitude of the part of the surface of the diaphragm 21 where the voice coil 22 is provided is larger than that of the part where the voice coil 22 is not provided. As a result, peaks and valleys will be generated in the frequency response curve of the speaker 100 , so that the audio output by the speaker 100 will be distorted, and finally the acoustic performance of the speaker 100 will be deteriorated.
  • the vibration system 2 further includes a reinforcement portion 23 , and the reinforcement portion 23 is provided on the surface of the diaphragm 21 , wherein the hardness of the reinforcement portion 23 is greater than that of the diaphragm 21 to strengthen the overall surface of the diaphragm 21 . Rigid, so that the surface of the diaphragm 21 has a uniform vibration amplitude as much as possible, and the diaphragm 21 behaves as a whole piston vibration.
  • the shape of the reinforcement portion 23 may be a circle, and of course, the shape of the reinforcement portion 23 may also be a strip shape, a comb shape, or the like.
  • a plurality of reinforcing parts 23 are arranged on the diaphragm 21, and the extending direction of the reinforcing parts 23 intersects with the voice coil 22, and can be selected to be vertical, thereby forming a cross-grid shape, and the voice coil 22 can also play the role of
  • the overall rigidity of the surface of the diaphragm 21 must be strengthened, and the voice coil 22 and the reinforcing portion 23 together strengthen the overall rigidity of the surface of the diaphragm 21 .
  • the reinforcing portion 23 and the voice coil 22 may be disposed on opposite sides of the diaphragm 21 , which is not limited herein.
  • the speaker 100 of the present invention forms a magnetic field with a strong magnetic field intensity by arranging a magnetic circuit part on at least one side of the vibration system 2, so that the diaphragm 21 is in a strong magnetic field intensity, so that the magnetic induction at the diaphragm 21 is
  • the line distribution is uniform and the change of the magnetic field strength has good linearity, which can effectively improve the sound quality of the audio output by the speaker 100 and improve the high-pitched effect, and at the same time can alleviate the distortion of the audio output by the speaker 100 to a certain extent.
  • the vibration system 2 is suspended in the installation space 11 of the housing 1 by the bracket 3, and the bracket 3 is set as a magnetic conductive material
  • the bracket 3 is used to provide stability for the installation of the vibration system 2
  • the side wall 33 of the bracket 3 facing the voice coil side and the projection of the outer wall of the voice coil 22 in the horizontal direction are at least partially overlapped, so that the bracket 3 of the magnetic conductive material is used.
  • the magnetization effect is achieved, so that the magnetic field lines generated by the magnetic circuit system 4 vertically pass through the first wire segment 221 and the second wire segment 222 of the voice coil 22 in the horizontal direction, and pass through the first wire segment 221 and the second wire segment 222
  • the direction of the magnetic field lines is opposite, so that the magnetic field lines at the diaphragm 21 are uniformly distributed and the magnetic field changes in the vibration direction of the diaphragm 21 have good linearity, which can greatly reduce the distortion of the audio output by the speaker 100, improve the The sound quality and treble effect of the audio output by the speaker 100 .
  • the invention also provides an electronic device, which includes a device body and a speaker 100 .
  • the specific structure of the speaker 100 refers to the foregoing embodiments. Since the electronic device adopts all the technical solutions of the foregoing embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the foregoing embodiments, which will not be repeated here. .

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Abstract

本发明公开一种扬声器和电子设备，该扬声器包括壳体、振动系统、支架及磁路系统，振动系统设在壳体的安装空间内，振动系统包括振膜和音圈，音圈至少具有相对设置的第一导线段和第二导线段，第一导线段和第二导线段内的电流方向相反；支架为导磁材料件，支架与振膜相连，支架具有面向音圈一侧的侧壁，侧壁与音圈沿水平方向的投影至少部分重叠；磁路系统设在安装空间内，并与音圈相对且间隔设置，磁路系统的磁力线至少部分沿水平方向垂直穿过第一导线段和第二导线段，且穿过第一导线段和第二导线段的磁力线方向相反。本发明旨在提供一种有效改善音质，提升高音效果的扬声器。

Description

扬声器和电子设备 技术领域
本发明涉及扬声器技术领域，特别涉及一种扬声器和应用该扬声器的电子设备。
背景技术
扬声器，又称喇叭，其作为一种电声换能器，广泛应用于音箱、耳机、手机等电子设备中。当前的扬声器从工作原理上可以划分为动圈式扬声器、动铁式扬声器以及平面振膜扬声器。相关技术中，耳机等电子设备为了追求更高的音质，常应用多驱动单元，即高音扬声器与低音扬声器配合使用。但是，现有的高音扬声器普遍存在高音效果较差的问题，从而影响了电子设备的音质，影响用户的使用效果。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种扬声器和电子设备，旨在提供一种有效改善音质，提升高音效果的扬声器。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出一种扬声器，所述扬声器包括：
壳体，所述壳体内限定出安装空间；
振动系统，所述振动系统设在所述安装空间内，所述振动系统包括振膜和设于所述振膜的音圈，所述音圈沿所述振膜的表面布线且所述音圈的中心轴线垂直于所述振膜，所述音圈至少具有相对设置的第一导线段和第二导线段，所述第一导线段和所述第二导线段内的电流方向相反；
支架，所述支架为导磁材料件，所述支架与所述振膜相连，以将所述振动系统悬置于所述安装空间内，所述支架具有面向所述音圈一侧的侧壁，所述侧壁与所述音圈沿水平方向的投影至少部分重叠；及
磁路系统，所述磁路系统设在所述安装空间内，所述磁路系统与所述音圈相对且间隔设置，所述磁路系统包括第一磁路部分，所述第一磁路部分包 括至少三个第一磁性件，所述磁路系统的磁力线至少部分沿水平方向垂直穿过所述第一导线段和所述第二导线段，且穿过所述第一导线段和所述第二导线段的磁力线方向相反。
在一实施例中，所述第一磁性件沿竖直方向充磁，且相邻的两个所述第一磁性件的充磁方向相反。
在一实施例中，所述第一磁性件为三个，所述磁路系统还包括第二磁路部分，所述第二磁路部分和所述第一磁路部分分别设于所述音圈的相对两侧，所述第二磁路部分包括一个第二磁性件，所述第二磁性件的充磁方向与位于中间位置的所述第一磁性件的充磁方向相反。
在一实施例中，所述磁路系统还包括第二磁路部分，所述第二磁路部分和所述第一磁路部分分别设于所述音圈的相对两侧，所述第二磁路部分包括第二磁性件，所述第二磁性件的设置数量与所述第一磁性件的设置数量相同，且上下对应的所述第一磁性件和所述第二磁性件的充磁方向相反。
在一实施例中，所述第一磁路部分包括磁性件组；
所述磁性件组包括沿水平方向排布的三个第一磁性件，位于中间位置的所述第一磁性件沿竖直方向向下充磁，位于两端的所述第一磁性件分别沿水平且朝向远离中间所述第一磁性件的方向充磁；或，位于中间位置的所述第一磁性件沿竖直方向向上充磁，位于两端的所述第一磁性件分别沿水平方向且朝向靠近中间所述第一磁性件的方向充磁；
或，所述磁性件组包括沿水平方向排布的五个第一磁性件，位于中间位置的所述第一磁性件沿竖直方向向下充磁，位于两端的两个所述第一磁性件沿竖直方向向上充磁，设在位于中间位置的所述第一磁性件两侧的两个所述第一磁性件分别沿水平且朝向远离中间位置的所述第一磁性件的方向充磁。
在一实施例中，所述磁路系统还包括第二磁路部分，所述第二磁路部分和所述第一磁路部分分别设于所述音圈的相对两侧，所述第二磁路部分包括一个第二磁性件，所述第二磁性件的充磁方向与位于中间位置的所述第一磁性件的充磁方向相反。
在一实施例中，所述第一磁路部分还包括第三磁性件，所述第三磁性件设在所述磁性件组的两端，且所述第三磁性件的延伸方向与所述第一磁性件的延伸方向垂直。
在一实施例中，所述磁路系统还包括第二磁路部分，所述第二磁路部分和所述第一磁路部分分别设于所述音圈的相对两侧，所述第二磁路部分包括第二磁性件，所述第二磁性件的设置数量与所述第一磁性件的设置数量相同，且上下对应的所述第一磁性件和所述第二磁性件的充磁方向以所述音圈所在的平面呈对称设置。
在一实施例中，相邻的两个所述第一磁性件之间设有连接件，以限定出两个所述第一磁性件之间的装配间隙。
在一实施例中，相邻的两个所述第一磁性件贴靠设置。
在一实施例中，所述支架形成为中空的框体结构，所述支架的顶部与所述壳体的内壁相连，所述磁路系统还包括第二磁路部分，所述第二磁路部分和所述第一磁路部分分别设于所述音圈的相对两侧，所述第二磁路部分位于所述支架内，所述支架的底部设有避让口，所述振膜与所述支架的底部相连且所述音圈位于所述避让口内。
在一实施例中，所述支架设有水平延伸的水平连接部，所述水平连接部面向所述音圈的一侧为所述侧壁，所述水平连接部的底部与所述第一磁路部分止抵。
在一实施例中，所述振膜为单层金属材料件；
或，所述振膜形成为复合层结构，至少与所述音圈连接的表面为金属材料。
在一实施例中，所述音圈形成为方形。
在一实施例中，所述音圈为两个，两个所述音圈设在所述振膜的上下两侧。
本发明还提出一种电子设备，包括上述所述的扬声器。
本发明技术方案的扬声器通过利用导磁材料件的支架将振动系统悬置于壳体的安装空间内，使得安装于安装空间内的磁路系统与振动系统的音圈相对且间隔设置，从而利用磁路系统中第一磁路部分的至少三个第一磁性件产生较强的磁场，使得振膜和音圈处于较强的磁场强度内，并使振膜处的磁感线分布均匀、磁场强度的变化具有良好的线性，能够有效改善扬声器所输出音频的音质，提高高音效果；同时，利用导磁材料件的支架实现聚磁效果，从而使得磁路系统的磁力线至少部分沿水平方向垂直穿过音圈的第一导线段 和第二导线段，且使得穿过第一导线段和第二导线段的磁力线方向相反，从而有效提高扬声器的音质和高音效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一实施例中扬声器的分解示意图；
图2为本发明一实施例中扬声器的剖面示意图；
图3为本发明一实施例中支架与振动系统连接的剖面示意图；
图4为本发明另一实施例中支架与振动系统连接的剖面示意图；
图5为本发明第一实施例中音圈与磁路系统的剖面示意图；
图6为本发明第二实施例中音圈与磁路系统的剖面示意图；
图7为本发明第三实施例中音圈与磁路系统的剖面示意图；
图8为本发明第四实施例中音圈与磁路系统的剖面示意图；
图9为本发明第五实施例中音圈与磁路系统的剖面示意图；
图10为本发明一实施例中磁路系统的结构示意图；
图11为本发明一实施例中第一磁路部分的结构示意图；
图12为本发明另一实施例中第一磁路部分的剖面示意图；
图13为本发明一实施例中音圈的结构示意图；
图14为本发明一实施例中磁路系统的磁场仿真示意图。
附图标号说明：
标号 名称 标号 名称
100 扬声器 31 避让口
1 壳体 32 水平连接部
11 安装空间 33 侧壁
12 上壳 4 磁路系统
13 下壳 41 第一磁路部分
2 振动系统 411 磁性件组
21 振膜 412 第一磁性件
22 音圈 413 第三磁性件
221 第一导线段 414 连接件
222 第二导线段 415 装配间隙
23 补强部 42 第二磁路部分
3 支架 421 第二磁性件
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，本发明实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
同时，全文中出现的“和/或”或“且/或”的含义为，包括三个方案，以“A和/或B”为例，包括A方案，或B方案，或A和B同时满足的方案。
另外，在本发明中如涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
扬声器，又称喇叭，其作为一种电声换能器，广泛应用于音箱、耳机、手机等电子设备中。当前的扬声器从工作原理上可以划分为动圈式扬声器、 动铁式扬声器以及平面振膜扬声器。其中，动圈式扬声器的结构简单，工艺成熟，性能良好，但缺点是振动质量大而瞬态特性不好，质量分布、膜的顺性及BL电磁驱动力的不对称分布会产生不同程度的摇摆振动以及不同频率的分割振动导致高频响应产生严重的峰谷，动圈式扬声器的非线性问题导致产品失真高，声学性能严重恶化。动铁式扬声器优点是瞬态响应好，效率高，但缺点是失真大、频响窄，常用于助听器中。
为获得更好的音质，出现了平面振膜技术。应用平面振膜技术的平面振膜扬声器将平面音圈集成于振膜表面，并将振膜置于磁性组件所产生的磁场环境中。当在线圈中通以交流电信号时，线圈受力带动振膜作往返运动，造成空气疏密变化发声。然而平面振膜扬声器要么其磁性组件所产生的磁场不合理，导致线圈处的磁场强度较弱，平面振膜扬声器的灵敏度不足，或是磁感线分布不均、线性度较差；要么磁性组件内部未设置空气流通通道，导致磁性组件对气流的阻碍较大。导致平面振膜扬声器所输出音频失真严重，音质和高音效果较差等问题。
相关技术中，耳机等电子设备为了追求更高的音质，常应用多驱动单元，即高音扬声器与低音扬声器配合使用。但是，现有的高音扬声器普遍存在高音效果较差的问题，从而影响了电子设备的音质，影响用户的使用效果。
基于上述构思和问题，本发明提出一种扬声器100。可以理解的，扬声器100可应用于音箱、耳机、手机等电子设备中，在此不做限定。
请结合参照图1至图13所示，在本发明实施例中，该扬声器100包括壳体1、振动系统2、支架3及磁路系统4，其中，壳体1内限定出安装空间11；振动系统2设在安装空间11内，振动系统2包括振膜21和设于振膜21的音圈22，音圈22沿振膜21的表面布线且音圈22的中心轴线垂直于振膜21，音圈22至少具有相对设置的第一导线段221和第二导线段222，第一导线段221和第二导线段222内的电流方向相反；支架3为导磁材料件，支架3与振膜21相连，以将振动系统2悬置于安装空间11内，支架3具有面向音圈一侧的侧壁33，侧壁33与音圈22沿水平方向的投影至少部分重叠；磁路系统4设在安装空间11内，磁路系统4与音圈22相对且间隔设置，磁路系统4包括第一磁路部分41，第一磁路部分41包括至少三个第一磁性件412，磁路系统4的磁力线至少部分沿水平方向垂直穿过第一导线段221和第二导线段 222，且穿过第一导线段221和第二导线段222的磁力线方向相反。
可以理解的，壳体1用于安装、固定、支撑和保护振动系统2、支架3及磁路系统4等部件，也即壳体1为振动系统2、支架3及磁路系统4等部件提供安装基础。可以理解的，壳体1可以是具有安装空间11的安装壳、外壳或盒体等结构，在此不做限定。
在本实施例中，壳体1可设置为圆形或方形结构等，在此不做限定。壳体1包括上壳12以及与上壳12相配合的下壳13，使得上壳12和下壳13围合形成安装空间11。可以理解的，下壳13可设置呈U型结构，其可包括平坦的底壁以及设于该底壁的侧壁。上壳12也可设置呈U型结构，其可包括平坦的顶壁以及分别该顶壁的侧壁。如此上壳12和下壳13交叉扣合在一起，限定出安装振动系统2、支架3及磁路系统4等部件的安装空间11。
可以理解的，振动系统2包括振膜21和音圈22，音圈22设于振膜21，振膜21可选为平板振膜21结构，使得音圈22设于振膜21的平板表面。在本实施例中，音圈22可以为贴设于振膜21上的柔性线路板。音圈22也可以是由多个设于振膜21同一表面的线圈构成，在此不做限定。
可选地，振膜21可选用金属材质或非金属材质制成，例如纸、PET(聚酯薄膜)、PEEK(聚醚醚酮)、PAR(聚芳酯)、PI(聚酰亚胺)、PEN、编织玻璃纤维或铝等，在此不做限定。进一步地，振膜21可以为金属平面振膜。
在本实施例中，通过设置支架3，将支架3设置为导磁材料件，从而利用支架3将振动系统2悬置于安装空间11内，一方面利用支架3对振动系统2的安装提供稳定性，以提高振膜21的灵敏度；另一方面，使得支架3面向音圈一侧的侧壁33与音圈22的外壁沿水平方向的投影至少部分重叠，从而利用导磁材料件的支架3实现聚磁效果，从而使得磁路系统4产生的磁力线沿水平方向垂直穿过音圈22的第一导线段221和第二导线段222，且穿过第一导线段221和第二导线段222的磁力线方向相反，如此使得振膜21处的磁感线分布均匀且在振膜21振动方向上的磁场变化具有良好的线性度，能够有效改善扬声器100所输出音频的音质，提升高音效果，也可以在一定程度上缓解扬声器100所输出音频的失真情况。
在本实施例中，磁路系统4中第一磁路部分41的至少三个第一磁性件412形成较强的磁场，从而使得振动系统2的振膜21和音圈22处于较强的磁场 强度内，并使振膜21处的磁感线分布均匀、磁场强度的变化具有良好的线性，能够有效改善扬声器100所输出音频的音质，提高高音效果。
可以理解的，第一磁路部分41包括多个第一磁性件412，多个第一磁性件412也可以形成海尔贝克磁性件阵列。当然，在其他实施例中，第一磁路部分41的多个第一磁性件412也可以形成具有较高磁场强度的磁场，在此不做限定。
在本发明的一些可选地实施例中，通过将磁路系统4设在安装空间11内，并与音圈22相对且间隔设置，通过调整第一磁路部分41中的第一磁性件412的充磁方向，使得第一磁路部分41中的第一磁性件412形成海尔贝克磁性件阵列，即第一磁性件412的磁性以及排列规律满足海尔贝克阵列(HalbachArray)的磁性件阵列。
可以理解的，海尔贝克磁性件阵列能够产生较强的磁场，通过海尔贝克磁性件阵列所产生的磁场驱动振膜21振动发声，使得振膜21处具有较强的磁场，有利于提高控制振膜21振动的灵敏度；并且，海尔贝克磁性件阵列允许振膜21处的磁感线分布均匀且在振膜21振动方向上的磁场变化具有良好的线性度，能够有效改善扬声器100所输出音频的音质，提升高音效果，且在一定程度上缓解扬声器100所输出音频的失真情况。其中，振膜21的振动具体为振膜21的边缘固定，振膜21的表面在垂直于振膜21的表面的方向上往复振动。
在本实施例中，磁路系统4相对于振膜21和音圈22设置，即振膜21位于多个第一磁性件412形成的磁场中，用以在音圈22中通以电流时产生作用于音圈22的磁力，进而带动振膜21在磁力的方向上往复振动发声。可以理解的，音圈22中通电流后，音圈22中相对设置的第一导线段221和第二导线段222中电流的流向方向相反。
在本实施例中，磁路系统4的第一磁性件412可以为电磁体或永磁体，但其磁性保持不变。其中，任意相邻的第一磁性件412可选为间隔设置或贴靠设置或通过连接件连接设置等，在此不做限定。
本发明的扬声器100通过利用导磁材料件的支架3将振动系统2悬置于壳体1的安装空间11内，使得安装于安装空间11内的磁路系统4与振动系统2的音圈22相对且间隔设置，从而利用磁路系统4的至少三个第一磁性件 412形成磁性件阵列，并产生较具有强磁场强度的磁场，使得振膜21和音圈22处于具有较强的磁场强度内，并使振膜21处的磁感线分布均匀、磁场强度的变化具有良好的线性，能够有效改善扬声器100所输出音频的音质，提高高音效果，且在一定程度上缓解扬声器100所输出音频的失真情况；同时，如图14所示，利用导磁材料件的支架3实现聚磁效果，从而使得磁路系统4的磁力线至少部分沿水平方向垂直穿过音圈22的第一导线段221和第二导线段222，且使得穿过第一导线段221和第二导线段222的磁力线方向相反，从而有效提高扬声器100的音质和高音效果。
在一实施例中，如图5和图7所示，第一磁性件412沿竖直方向充磁，且相邻的两个第一磁性件412的充磁方向相反。
可以理解的，磁路系统4中第一磁路部分41的至少三个第一磁性件412中一个第一磁性件412沿竖直方向充磁时，相邻的两个第一磁性件412的充磁方向相反，也即两个充磁方向相反的第一磁性件412呈交替设置，从而形成磁性件阵列，并产生具有较强磁场强度的磁场。
可选地，磁路系统4中第一磁路部分41的至少三个第一磁性件412也可以形成海尔贝克磁性件阵列，如此依据海尔贝克阵列的磁场规律，振膜21的表面上对应第一磁性件412的部分所处的磁场要优于未对应第一磁性件412的部分所处的磁场，包括磁场强度、磁场强度随位置变化的线性度以及磁感线分布均匀性等方面。
可以理解的，音圈22可选地设于第一磁性件412在振膜21表面上的正投影所限定的区域中。可选地，音圈22在振膜21表面的正投影位于第一磁性件412在振膜21表面上的正投影中，使得音圈22处于较为合理的磁场中，以缓解扬声器100所输出音频的失真情况，改善扬声器100所输出音频的音质。
由于相邻的两个第一磁性件412内的磁感线方向相反，使得相邻的两个第一磁性件412所对应的音圈22所受磁力的方向相同，以利于驱动振膜21振动发声，从而提高振膜21处的磁场中合理磁场所占的比重，即提高振膜21的表面对应第一磁性件412的部分的比重，有利于改善振膜21所处磁场的合理性，以缓解扬声器100所输出音频的失真情况，改善扬声器100所输出音频的音质。
可以理解的，相邻的两个第一磁性件412邻近振膜21的表面至振膜21的距离相同，以利于进一步改善振膜21所处磁场的合理性，进一步缓解扬声器100所输出音频的失真情况，改善扬声器100所输出音频的音质。
在本实施例中，第一磁路部分41的至少三个第一磁性件412中相邻的两个第一磁性件412的充磁方向相反，也即相邻两个第一磁性件412中一个第一磁性件412的N极在上、S极在下时，另一第一磁性件412的N极在下、S极在上，反之亦然。当然，在其他实施例中，相邻两个第一磁性件412间隔，如此可在间隔的正上方形成水平磁场。
可以理解的，在其他实施例中，也可在相邻两个第一磁性件412之间设置一个横向放置第一磁性件412，也即位于相邻两个第一磁性件412的第一磁性件412的N极与一第一磁性件412相对且间隔，S极与另一第一磁性件412相对且间隔，在此不做限定。或者，将位于中间的第一磁性件412两侧的两个第一磁性件412设置为横向，例如位于中间的第一磁性件412的N极在下、S极在上时，位于中间的第一磁性件412两侧的两个第一磁性件412的S极位于靠近中间的第一磁性件412的一端，N极位于远离中间的第一磁性件412的一端，反之亦然，在此不做限定。
在一实施例中，如图1、图2、图5、图6和图7所示，第一磁性件412为三个，磁路系统4还包括第二磁路部分42，第二磁路部分42和第一磁路部分41分别设于音圈22的相对两侧，第二磁路部分42包括一个第二磁性件421，第二磁性件421的充磁方向与位于中间位置的第一磁性件412的充磁方向相反。
可以理解的，通过在振动系统2的相对两侧分别设置第一磁路部分41和第二磁路部分42，也即在振膜21的相对两侧均形成具有较强磁场强度的磁场，以进一步增强振膜21所处磁场的强度，从而进一步提高控制振膜21振动的灵敏度，改善扬声器100所输出音频的音质。
在本实施例中，通过将第二磁性件421的充磁方向与第一磁路部分41中位于中间位置的第一磁性件412的充磁方向相反，使得振膜21所处的磁场的磁感线分布更加均匀，在振膜21振动方向上的磁场强度变化具有更好的线性度，从而优化了扬声器100的性能，使得扬声器100的BL提升37.64％。
在一实施例中，如图8和图9所示，磁路系统4还包括第二磁路部分42， 第二磁路部分42和第一磁路部分41分别设于音圈22的相对两侧，第二磁路部分42包括第二磁性件421，第二磁性件421的设置数量与第一磁性件412的设置数量相同，且上下对应的第一磁性件412和第二磁性件421的充磁方向相反。在本实施例中，通过在振动系统2的相对两侧分别设置第二磁路部分42和第一磁路部分41，并使得上下对应的第一磁路部分41中第一磁性件412和第二磁路部分42中第二磁性件421的充磁方向相反，也即使得振膜21两侧表面的磁性件阵列所产生的磁场对称，如此使得振膜21所处的磁场的磁感线分布更加均匀，在振膜21振动方向上的磁场强度变化具有更好的线性度。
可选地，位于振动系统2的相对两侧的第一磁路部分41和第二磁路部分42可分别形成海尔贝克磁性件阵列。当然，在其他实施例中，位于振动系统2的相对两侧的第一磁路部分41和第二磁路部分42也可分别形成其他磁性件阵列，在此不做限定。
在本发明的一些实施例中，通过控制第一磁路部分41和第二磁路部分42的充磁方向使得第二磁路部分42和第一磁路部分41分别在振膜21的两侧表面形成海尔贝克磁性件阵列，可有利于缓解振膜21二次谐波失真以及三次谐波失真的情况，进一步缓解扬声器100所输出音频的失真情况，并改善扬声器100所输出音频的音质。在本实施例中，通过适当调节第二磁路部分42的尺寸，使得第二磁路部分42的尺寸介于第一磁路部分41的尺寸之间，充分利用有效磁场，进一步增加扬声器100的BL值。
在本实施例中，通过改变振动系统2相对两侧的第二磁路部分42和第一磁路部分41的不同充磁方向优化，从而提高扬声器100的BL值37.12％。
在一实施例中，如图6所示，第一磁路部分41包括磁性件组411，磁性件组411包括沿水平方向排布的三个第一磁性件412，位于中间位置的第一磁性件412沿竖直方向向下充磁，位于两端的第一磁性件412分别沿水平且朝向远离中间第一磁性件412的方向充磁。在另一实施例中，如图7所示，第一磁路部分41包括磁性件组411，磁性件组411包括沿水平方向排布的三个第一磁性件412，位于中间位置的第一磁性件412沿竖直方向向上充磁，位于两端的第一磁性件412分别沿水平方向且朝向靠近中间第一磁性件412的方向充磁。
在本实施例中，磁性件组411包括三个第一磁性件412，例如，中间第一 磁性件412和中间第一磁性件412两侧的相邻第一磁性件412，通过调整磁性件组411中的三个第一磁性件412的充磁方向，形成海尔贝克磁性件阵列。可以理解的，通过将三个第一磁性件412的充磁方向设置为位于中间位置的第一磁性件412沿竖直方向向下充磁，位于两端的第一磁性件412分别沿水平且朝向远离中间第一磁性件412的方向充磁，从而生成由交替极性环路构成的磁场，交替极性环路发自中间第一磁性件412，沿+和-X方向上极化的第一磁性件412上方的路径弯曲，并且最终返回到阵列最外侧部分上的第一磁性件412上。
在一实施例中，如图12所示，磁性件组411包括沿水平方向排布的五个第一磁性件412，位于中间位置的第一磁性件412沿竖直方向向下充磁，位于两端的两个第一磁性件412沿竖直方向向上充磁，设在位于中间位置的第一磁性件412两侧的两个第一磁性件412分别沿水平且朝向远离中间位置的第一磁性件412的方向充磁。
在本实施例中，磁性件组411包括三个、五个或多个第一磁性件412，通过调整磁性件组411中的三个、五个或多个第一磁性件412的充磁方向，形成海尔贝克阵列的第一磁路部分41。通过将五个第一磁性件412的充磁方向设置为位于中间位置的第一磁性件412沿竖直方向向下充磁，位于两端的两个第一磁性件412沿竖直方向向上充磁，设在位于中间位置的第一磁性件412两侧的两个或多个第一磁性件412分别沿水平且朝向远离中间位置的第一磁性件412的方向充磁，从而生成由交替极性环路构成的磁场，交替极性环路发自中间第一磁性件412，沿+和-X方向上极化的第一磁性件412上方的路径弯曲，并且最终返回到阵列最外侧部分上的第一磁性件412上。
在一实施例中，如图1、图2、图5、图6、图7和图10所示，磁路系统4还包括第二磁路部分42，第二磁路部分42和第一磁路部分41分别设于音圈22的相对两侧，第二磁路部分42包括一个第二磁性件421，第二磁性件421的充磁方向与位于中间位置的第一磁性件412的充磁方向相反。
可以理解的，通过在振动系统2的相对两侧分别设置第一磁路部分41和第二磁路部分42，也即在振膜21两侧表面的磁性件阵列所产生的磁场对称，以进一步增强振膜21所处磁场的强度，从而进一步提高控制振膜21振动的灵敏度，改善扬声器100所输出音频的音质。
在本实施例中，通过将第二磁性件421的充磁方向与第一磁路部分41中位于中间位置的第一磁性件412的充磁方向相反，使得振膜21所处的磁场的磁感线分布更加均匀，在振膜21振动方向上的磁场强度变化具有更好的线性度，从而优化了扬声器100的性能，使得扬声器100的BL提升37.64％。
可以理解的，通过上述方式设置，并调整第二磁路部分42中第二磁性件421以及第一磁路部分41中第一磁性件412的充磁方向，使得第二磁路部分42和第一磁路部分41分别在振膜21的两侧表面形成海尔贝克磁性件阵列，在此不做限定。
图14展示了本发明实施例中振膜21两侧分别设置第一磁路部分41和第二磁路部分42的磁场分布仿真结果。可以明显看出，振膜21两侧表面的磁场之间的磁感线分布最为密集、磁场最强，即振膜21所处的磁场环境；并且两侧磁场的第一磁性件412/第二磁性件421之间的磁感线平直且分布均匀，意味着两侧磁场的第一磁性件412/第二磁性件421之间的磁场强度分布均匀且对称，因此音圈22可选地设于第一磁性件412在振膜21表面上的正投影所限定的区域中。
在一实施例中，如图10和图11所示，第一磁路部分41还包括第三磁性件413，第三磁性件413设在磁性件组411的两端，且第三磁性件413的延伸方向与第一磁性件412的延伸方向垂直。
可以理解的，通过在磁性件组411的两端分别设置第三磁性件413，使得第三磁性件413的延伸方向与第一磁性件412的延伸方向垂直，从而利用第三磁性件413加强第一磁性件412延伸方向的磁场，使得对应第三磁性件413的音圈22受到第三磁性件413产生的磁力作用，进而控制振膜21往复振动，以提高振膜21振动的灵敏度。
在一实施例中，如图8和图9所示，磁路系统4还包括第二磁路部分42，第二磁路部分42和第一磁路部分41分别设于音圈22的相对两侧，第二磁路部分42包括第二磁性件421，第二磁性件421的设置数量与第一磁性件412的设置数量相同，且上下对应的第一磁性件412和第二磁性件421的充磁方向以音圈22所在的平面呈对称设置。
在本实施例中，通过在振动系统2的相对两侧分别设置第二磁路部分42和第一磁路部分41，并使得上下对应的第一磁路部分41中第一磁性件412和 第二磁路部分42中第二磁性件421的充磁方向相反，也即使得振膜21两侧表面的磁性件阵列所产生的磁场对称，如此使得振膜21所处的磁场的磁感线分布更加均匀，在振膜21振动方向上的磁场强度变化具有更好的线性度。
可以理解的，通过上述方式设置，使得第二磁路部分42和第一磁路部分41分别在振膜21的两侧表面形成海尔贝克磁性件阵列，可有利于缓解振膜21二次谐波失真以及三次谐波失真的情况，进一步缓解扬声器100所输出音频的失真情况，并改善扬声器100所输出音频的音质。在本实施例中，通过适当调节第二磁路部分42的尺寸，使得第二磁路部分42的尺寸介于第一磁路部分41的尺寸之间，充分利用有效磁场，进一步增加扬声器100的BL值。
在本实施例中，通过改变振动系统2相对两侧的第二磁路部分42和第一磁路部分41的不同充磁方向优化，从而提高扬声器100的BL值37.12％。
在一实施例中，如图1、图2、图5至图9所示，相邻的两个第一磁性件412之间设有连接件414，以限定出两个第一磁性件412之间的装配间隙415。
在本实施例中，通过在相邻两个第一磁性件412之间设置连接件414，从而利用连接件414固定第一磁性件412，以保证第一磁路部分41与振膜21的相对位置关系同样也是固定的，从而确保振膜21的振动频率。同时，利用设置于相邻两个第一磁性件41之间的连接件414限定出两个第一磁性件412之间的装配间隙415，一方面利用装配间隙415方便装配第一磁路部分41，另一方面也可利用装配间隙415减小了磁场对气流的阻碍，使得扬声器100具备良好的空气顺性，以进一步改善扬声器100所输出音频的音质，提高高音效果的同时，缓解扬声器100所输出音频的失真情况。
可以理解的，相邻两个第一磁性件412也可设置为间隔设置，以此在相邻两个第一磁性件412之间形成气流流通的通道，以允许气流在磁场中流通，从而减小了磁场对气流的阻碍，使得扬声器100具备良好的空气顺性，以进一步缓解扬声器100所输出音频的失真情况，改善扬声器100所输出音频的音质和高音效果。
当然，在其他实施例中，相邻两个第一磁性件412也可通过胶合、机械压合以及固定于支架等外部结构的方式实现彼此间相对位置的固定，如此保证振膜21两侧表面的第一磁路部分41和第二磁路部分42与振膜21的相对位置关系同样也是固定的，在此不做限定。
可选地，任意相邻的两个第一磁性件412的间距一致。当然，在其他实施例中，也可将第一磁性件412设置为类环磁结构，在此不做限定。第一磁路部分41和第二磁路部分42的第一磁性件412/第二磁性件421还可以设置为磁性材料片材，例如粘合剂中的粉末状铁素体的不同区域暴露于不同磁场来进行磁化。可选地，第一磁路部分41和第二磁路部分42的第一磁性件412/第二磁性件421可为独立磁体，例如磁条，独立磁体可在不同方向上被磁化并且随后并排布置以有效地形成具有旋转磁场的平坦磁性阵列，在此不做限定。
在一实施例中，如图10至图12所示，相邻的两个第一磁性件412贴靠设置。可以理解的，相邻的两个第一磁性件412可采用胶合或机械压合等方式实现固定，在此不做限定。
在一实施例中，如图1至图4所示，支架3形成为中空的框体结构，支架3的顶部与壳体1的内壁相连，磁路系统4还包括第二磁路部分42，第二磁路部分42和第一磁路部分41分别设于音圈22的相对两侧，第二磁路部分42位于支架3内，支架3的底部设有避让口31，振膜21与支架3的底部相连且音圈22位于避让口31内。
在本实施例中，通过将支架3设置为中空的框体结构，使得支架3的顶部与壳体1的内壁相连，从而利用支架3的中空框体限定第二磁路部分42，如此可利用导磁材料件的支架3对中空框体内的第二磁路部分42起到聚磁作用，从而进一步增大第二磁路部分42作用于振膜21和音圈22上的磁场强度。
可以理解的，通过在支架3的底部设置避让口31，如此可利用避让口31为音圈22提供避让空间，如此使得音圈22方便受到第一磁路部分41的磁力作用。在本实施例中，为了避免支架3与第一磁路部分41抵接时，确保音圈22与第一磁路部分41之间的间隙，支架3具有面向音圈一侧的侧壁33，侧壁33与音圈22的外壁沿水平方向的投影至少部分重叠，也即支架3的底部部分突出音圈22面向第一磁路部分41一侧的表面，由此可以提升支架3的聚磁效果。进一步地，侧壁33与音圈22的外壁沿水平方向的投影至完全重叠。
在一实施例中，如图1至图4所示，支架3设有水平延伸的水平连接部32，水平连接部32面向音圈的一侧为侧壁33，水平连接部32的底部与第一 磁路部分41止抵。
可以理解的，通过在支架3的底部设置水平延伸的水平连接部32，从而利用水平连接部32与振膜21连接，进一步提高振膜21的安装稳定性。此时，水平连接部32面向音圈的一侧为侧壁33，也即侧壁33与音圈22的外壁沿水平方向的投影至少部分重叠，如此可在水平连接部32的底部与第一磁路部分41止抵时，确保音圈22与第一磁路部分41之间的间隙。
同时，水平连接部32的设置，使得支架3安装于壳体1的安装空间11内时，支架3通过水平连接部32的底部与第一磁路部分41止抵，如此可实现方便装配，提升装配精度的效果。可以理解的是，支架3与振膜21相连，音圈22设在振膜21上，可以通过控制支架3的装配高度以控制音圈22与第一磁路部分41之间的间隙。通过设置水平连接部32的底部与第一磁路部分41止抵，可以方便控制支架3和音圈22的安装公差，提升装配效率和装配精度。
可选地，支架3的材质可选为SPCC，如此可提高导磁特性，增加扬声器100的BL值，在此不做限定。
图14展示了本发明实施例中振膜21两侧分别设置第一磁路部分41和第二磁路部分42的磁场分布仿真结果。可见，利用导磁材料件的支架3，并在支架3上设置水平延伸的水平连接部32，从而利用水平连接部32进一步提高音圈22所在磁场的聚磁效果。
在一实施例中，振膜21为单层金属材料件。可以理解的，振膜21可选为平面单层金属材料件，从而提高振膜21的灵敏度。可选地，振膜21为铝板等，在此不做限定。
当然，在其他实施例中，振膜21也可采用PET(聚酯薄膜)、PEEK(聚醚醚酮)、PAR(聚芳酯)或PI(聚酰亚胺)等材质制成单层膜材料，在此不做限定。
由于单层膜材料的振膜21要么太硬而脆，张力小时振膜21表面不平，而张力大时振膜21太紧，易破膜；要么太软，振膜21表面张力不够，且因为振膜21太容易拉伸，张力随时间或振动后张力越来越小，最后导致振膜21太松。此外，单层膜材料的内阻尼不足，振膜21瞬态特性的后沿特性不好，即当振动线圈停止通电时，振膜21因内阻尼过小，需要延迟更长的时间才能停止振动。在一实施例中，振膜21形成为复合层结构，至少与音圈22连接 的表面为金属材料。
可以理解的，通过将振膜21设置为复合层结构，从而使得振膜21起到良好的支撑作用和提供足够的刚性。在本实施例中，通过将振膜21与音圈22连接的表面为设置为金属材料，如此可利用金属材料能够起到良好的支撑作用和提供足够的刚性，利用振膜21的其他复合结构提供良好的弹性以及足够的阻尼，使得振膜21在比较大的振动范围内具有低失真的效果。
在本实施例中，振膜21可选为双层或多层复合结构，在此不做限定。本实施例以双层复合结构为例说明，振膜21包括第一子振膜和第二子振膜，第一子振膜能够起到良好的支撑作用和提供足够的刚性，而第二子振膜能够提供良好的弹性以及足够的阻尼，使得振膜21在比较大的振动范围内具有低失真的效果。
可以理解的，第一子振膜的材质可选为金属材质，例如铝板等，第二子振膜的材质可选为PEEK(聚醚醚酮)、PAR(聚芳酯)、TPU(ThermoplasticPolyurethanes，热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶)或TPE(Thermoplastic Elastomer，热塑性弹性体)等。第一子振膜和第二子振膜之间可以通过亚克力或硅胶或其它软性高分子材料等胶层进行粘接，在此不做限定。
在一实施例中，如图13所示，音圈22形成为方形。可以理解的，通过将音圈22设置为方形结构，从而使得音圈22包括顺序相连的第一直边和第二直边，也即音圈22的第一导线段221和第二导线段222分别为相对的两个第一直边或两个第二直边，如此设置使得音圈22相对于传统的跑道型音圈，有效增大磁通量。
在一实施例中，音圈22为两个，两个音圈22设在振膜21的上下两侧。
可以理解的，音圈22可通过在振膜21的表面上印刷、或是蒸镀、或是3D打印形成。振膜21其表面可以仅一表面设置音圈22，也可以是振膜21表面的两侧表面均设置音圈22，在此不做限定。
通过在音圈22上通以电流，以驱动振膜21朝预定的方向振动进而发声，其中通过不断改变音圈22中的电流流向，使得音圈22所受磁力的方向不断改变，进而控制振膜21往复振动。可以理解的，音圈22的数量越多，则驱动振膜21振动的磁力越大，控制振膜21振动的灵敏度越高。但也需要考虑 到振膜21表面的尺寸以及扬声器100的产品规格，在此不做限定。
在本实施例中，音圈22的导线材质可以为铝、铜、镍、金、银等金属，或者是这些金属的合金，在此不做限定。
由于振膜21表面上仅有设置音圈22的部分才会接受磁力作用，而未设置音圈22的部分不会接受磁力作用，因此振膜21的表面设置音圈22的部分和未设置音圈22的部分会呈现出不同的分割振动，即振膜21的表面设置音圈22的部分的振动幅度大于未设置音圈22的部分的振动幅度。如此一来，将会导致扬声器100的频响曲线产生峰谷，致使扬声器100所输出的音频产生失真，最终导致扬声器100的声学性能恶化。
有鉴于此，振动系统2还包括补强部23，补强部23设于振膜21的表面上，其中补强部23的硬度大于振膜21的硬度，以加强振膜21的表面的整体刚性，使得振膜21表面尽可能具有一致的振动幅度，振膜21表现为整体活塞振动。
可选地，补强部23的形状可以是圆形，当然，补强部23的形状也可以为条状、梳状等。在一实施例中，振膜21上设置多个补强部23，补强部23的延伸方向和音圈22交叉，可选为垂直，从而形成交叉网格状，音圈22同样也能够起到一定加强振膜21表面整体刚性的作用，音圈22与补强部23一起加强振膜21的表面的整体刚性。
在一实施例中，如图4所示，补强部23和音圈22可设于振膜21的相对两侧，在此不做限定。
本发明的扬声器100通过在振动系统2的至少一侧设置磁路部分，形成具有较强的磁场强度的磁场，使得振膜21处于较强的磁场强度内，从而使得振膜21处的磁感线分布均匀、磁场强度的变化具有良好的线性，能够有效改善扬声器100所输出音频的音质，并提高高音效果，同时在一定程度上可缓解扬声器100所输出音频的失真情况。并且，通过设置支架3，利用支架3将振动系统2悬置于壳体1的安装空间11内，并将支架3设置为导磁材料件，一方面利用支架3对振动系统2的安装提供稳定性，以提高振膜21的灵敏度；另一方面，使得支架3面向音圈一侧的侧壁33与音圈22的外壁沿水平方向的投影至少部分重叠，从而利用导磁材料件的支架3实现聚磁效果，从而使得磁路系统4产生的磁力线沿水平方向垂直穿过音圈22的第一导线段221和 第二导线段222，且穿过第一导线段221和第二导线段222的磁力线方向相反，如此使得振膜21处的磁感线分布均匀且在振膜21振动方向上的磁场变化具有良好的线性度，能够极大程度地缓解扬声器100所输出音频的失真情况，改善扬声器100所输出音频的音质和高音效果。
发明还提出一种电子设备，该电子设备包括设备主体和扬声器100。该扬声器100的具体结构参照前述实施例，由于本电子设备采用了前述所有实施例的全部技术方案，因此至少具有前述实施例的技术方案所带来的所有有益效果，在此不再一一赘述。
以上所述仅为本发明的可选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种扬声器，其特征在于，所述扬声器包括：
    壳体，所述壳体内限定出安装空间；
    振动系统，所述振动系统设在所述安装空间内，所述振动系统包括振膜和设于所述振膜的音圈，所述音圈沿所述振膜的表面布线且所述音圈的中心轴线垂直于所述振膜，所述音圈至少具有相对设置的第一导线段和第二导线段，所述第一导线段和所述第二导线段内的电流方向相反；
    支架，所述支架为导磁材料件，所述支架与所述振膜相连，以将所述振动系统悬置于所述安装空间内，所述支架具有面向所述音圈一侧的侧壁，所述侧壁与所述音圈沿水平方向的投影至少部分重叠；及
    磁路系统，所述磁路系统设在所述安装空间内，所述磁路系统与所述音圈相对且间隔设置，所述磁路系统包括第一磁路部分，所述第一磁路部分包括至少三个第一磁性件，所述磁路系统的磁力线至少部分沿水平方向垂直穿过所述第一导线段和所述第二导线段，且穿过所述第一导线段和所述第二导线段的磁力线方向相反。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述第一磁性件沿竖直方向充磁，且相邻的两个所述第一磁性件的充磁方向相反。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述第一磁性件为三个，所述磁路系统还包括第二磁路部分，所述第二磁路部分和所述第一磁路部分分别设于所述音圈的相对两侧，所述第二磁路部分包括一个第二磁性件，所述第二磁性件的充磁方向与位于中间位置的所述第一磁性件的充磁方向相反。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述磁路系统还包括第二磁路部分，所述第二磁路部分和所述第一磁路部分分别设于所述音圈的相对两侧，所述第二磁路部分包括第二磁性件，所述第二磁性件的设置数量与所述第一磁性件的设置数量相同，且上下对应的所述第一磁性件和所述第二 磁性件的充磁方向相反。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述第一磁路部分包括磁性件组；
    所述磁性件组包括沿水平方向排布的三个第一磁性件，位于中间位置的所述第一磁性件沿竖直方向向下充磁，位于两端的所述第一磁性件分别沿水平且朝向远离中间所述第一磁性件的方向充磁；或，位于中间位置的所述第一磁性件沿竖直方向向上充磁，位于两端的所述第一磁性件分别沿水平方向且朝向靠近中间所述第一磁性件的方向充磁；
    或，所述磁性件组包括沿水平方向排布的五个第一磁性件，位于中间位置的所述第一磁性件沿竖直方向向下充磁，位于两端的两个所述第一磁性件沿竖直方向向上充磁，设在位于中间位置的所述第一磁性件两侧的两个所述第一磁性件分别沿水平且朝向远离中间位置的所述第一磁性件的方向充磁。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述磁路系统还包括第二磁路部分，所述第二磁路部分和所述第一磁路部分分别设于所述音圈的相对两侧，所述第二磁路部分包括一个第二磁性件，所述第二磁性件的充磁方向与位于中间位置的所述第一磁性件的充磁方向相反。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述第一磁路部分还包括第三磁性件，所述第三磁性件设在所述磁性件组的两端，且所述第三磁性件的延伸方向与所述第一磁性件的延伸方向垂直。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述磁路系统还包括第二磁路部分，所述第二磁路部分和所述第一磁路部分分别设于所述音圈的相对两侧，所述第二磁路部分包括第二磁性件，所述第二磁性件的设置数量与所述第一磁性件的设置数量相同，且上下对应的所述第一磁性件和所述第二磁性件的充磁方向以所述音圈所在的平面呈对称设置。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，相邻的两 个所述第一磁性件之间设有连接件，以限定出两个所述第一磁性件之间的装配间隙。
  10. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，相邻的两个所述第一磁性件贴靠设置。
  11. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述支架形成为中空的框体结构，所述支架的顶部与所述壳体的内壁相连，所述磁路系统还包括第二磁路部分，所述第二磁路部分和所述第一磁路部分分别设于所述音圈的相对两侧，所述第二磁路部分位于所述支架内，所述支架的底部设有避让口，所述振膜与所述支架的底部相连且所述音圈位于所述避让口内。
  12. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述支架设有水平延伸的水平连接部，所述水平连接部面向所述音圈的一侧为所述侧壁，所述水平连接部的底部与所述第一磁路部分止抵。
  13. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述振膜为单层金属材料件；
    或，所述振膜形成为复合层结构，至少与所述音圈连接的表面为金属材料。
  14. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述音圈形成为方形。
  15. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述音圈为两个，两个所述音圈设在所述振膜的上下两侧。
  16. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至15中任一项所述的扬声器。
PCT/CN2021/136223 2021-02-07 2021-12-08 扬声器和电子设备 Ceased WO2022166373A1 (zh)

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