WO2022166184A1 - 一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统和方法 - Google Patents

一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统和方法 Download PDF

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WO2022166184A1
WO2022166184A1 PCT/CN2021/115628 CN2021115628W WO2022166184A1 WO 2022166184 A1 WO2022166184 A1 WO 2022166184A1 CN 2021115628 W CN2021115628 W CN 2021115628W WO 2022166184 A1 WO2022166184 A1 WO 2022166184A1
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carbon dioxide
helium
outlet
inlet
header
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French (fr)
Inventor
马晓珑
李红智
梁法光
韩传高
姚明宇
张瑞祥
姚尧
刘俊峰
李康
余俨
常重喜
叶林
彭伟超
徐校飞
于德
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10—Final actuators
    • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/32—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
    • G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
    • G21D1/02—Arrangements of auxiliary equipment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear power, and in particular relates to a system and method for exchanging helium-carbon dioxide heat.
  • the heat generated by the nuclear fuel in the primary circuit of the high temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration power station is transferred to the water in the secondary circuit through the helium-water shell-and-tube spiral heat exchanger (through-flow evaporator) and its system.
  • the system has the following problems:
  • the evaporator heat exchange tube is 14MPa, 570°C steam, the heat exchange tube is 7MPa, 750°C helium with radioactive graphite dust, and the heat exchange tube is It is very dangerous after leakage during operation.
  • the unit After the accidental shutdown, the unit needs to cool down for a long time before the water circulation can be established again, which affects the availability and economy of the unit.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a system and method for exchanging helium-carbon dioxide heat against the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to realize:
  • a helium-carbon dioxide heat exchange system comprising a helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger, a helium inlet header, a helium outlet header, a carbon dioxide inlet header and a carbon dioxide outlet header;
  • the outlet of the helium inlet header is connected to the first inlet of the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger, the first outlet of the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the helium outlet header, and the outlet of the carbon dioxide inlet header is connected to the helium-
  • the second inlet of the carbon dioxide heat exchanger and the second outlet of the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger are connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide outlet header.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the helium gas inlet header is equipped with a filter screen that can be cleaned and removed, and is equipped with a differential pressure monitoring device to monitor the differential pressure of the filter screen.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the carbon dioxide inlet header is equipped with a cleanable and detachable filter screen, and a differential pressure monitoring device is equipped to monitor the differential pressure of the filter screen, and the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that it also includes a main helium blower, a reactor pressure vessel inlet pipeline and a reactor pressure vessel; wherein,
  • the outlet of the helium outlet header is connected to the inlet of the main helium blower, the outlet of the helium blower is connected to the inlet of the inlet pipe of the reactor pressure vessel, the outlet of the inlet pipe of the reactor pressure vessel is connected to the inlet of the reactor pressure vessel, and the outlet of the reactor pressure vessel is connected to the inlet of the reactor pressure vessel.
  • the outlet of the reactor pressure vessel outlet pipe is connected to the inlet of the helium gas inlet header.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that it also includes a pressure carbon dioxide turbine outlet pipe valve group, a compressor, a carbon dioxide turbine inlet pipe valve group and a carbon dioxide turbine; wherein,
  • the outlet of the carbon dioxide outlet header is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide turbine inlet pipe valve group, the outlet of the carbon dioxide turbine inlet pipe valve group is connected to the carbon dioxide turbine inlet, and the carbon dioxide turbine outlet is connected to the carbon dioxide turbine outlet pipe valve group.
  • Inlet, the outlet of the carbon dioxide turbine outlet pipe valve group is connected to the inlet of the compressor, and the outlet of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide inlet header.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that a check valve is included in the valve group of the carbon dioxide turbine outlet pipe.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that an isolation valve and a regulating valve are included in the carbon dioxide turbine inlet pipe valve group.
  • a method for exchanging helium-carbon dioxide heat is based on the system for exchanging helium-carbon dioxide heat, comprising the following steps:
  • the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger is connected to the system after the other equipment of the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchange system is connected and cleaned;
  • the carbon dioxide system is composed of a carbon dioxide turbine outlet pipe valve group, a compressor, a carbon dioxide inlet header, a carbon dioxide side of the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger, a carbon dioxide outlet header, a carbon dioxide turbine inlet pipe valve group, and a carbon dioxide turbine. Filled with carbon dioxide gas, powered by the compressor to establish a carbon dioxide cycle;
  • the helium system consists of the reactor pressure vessel, the reactor pressure vessel outlet pipe, the helium inlet header, the helium side of the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger, the helium outlet header, the main helium blower, and the reactor pressure vessel inlet pipe.
  • the gas system is filled with helium, and the main helium blower provides power to establish a helium cycle;
  • the temperature of the helium gas increases after absorbing heat in the reactor pressure vessel, and the heat is transferred to the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide system through the helium gas circulation in the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger to complete the heat exchange of helium-carbon dioxide;
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that during the operation of the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchange system, the differential pressure of the filter screen in the helium inlet header is monitored, and when the differential pressure of the filter screen is high, the filter screen is pulled out for cleaning.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that during the operation of the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchange system, the differential pressure of the filter screen in the carbon dioxide inlet header is monitored, and when the differential pressure of the filter screen is high, the filter screen is drawn out for cleaning.
  • the present invention at least has the following beneficial technical effects:
  • a filter screen is set in the inlet header of the helium gas system of the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger, which can filter and reduce the dust carried in the helium gas in the primary circuit, and improve the safety of the unit operation;
  • the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger adopts a plate heat exchanger, the structure of the heat exchanger is stable, and there is no flow-induced vibration;
  • the main helium fan is set outside the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger, which is conducive to troubleshooting;
  • the first and second circuit heat exchangers are gas-gas (helium-supercritical carbon dioxide) heat exchangers, which avoids dry and wet state conversion, and avoids start-stop and operation.
  • the two-phase flow in the process is unstable, and the problem of flow-induced vibration of the heat exchanger is largely avoided from the mechanism;
  • the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation cycle has a more significant efficiency advantage under the condition of high temperature parameters. It is more in line with the positioning of the high temperature gas-cooled reactor. At the 666°C level, the net efficiency can be increased by 3-5 points in the water working medium circulation, and at the 766°C level, the net efficiency can be increased by 6-8 points in the water working medium circulation.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of a helium-carbon dioxide heat exchange system according to the present invention.
  • Helium-CO2 heat exchanger 2. Helium inlet header, 3. Reactor pressure vessel outlet pipe, 4. Helium outlet header, 5. Main helium blower, 6. Reactor pressure vessel inlet pipe, 7. Carbon dioxide Inlet header, 8. Carbon dioxide turbine outlet pipe valve group, 9. Carbon dioxide outlet header, 10. Carbon dioxide turbine inlet pipe valve group, 11. Compressor, 12. Reactor pressure vessel, 13. Carbon dioxide turbine.
  • a helium-carbon dioxide heat exchange system includes a helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 1, a helium gas inlet header 2, a helium gas outlet header 4, a main helium blower 5, a reactor pressure Vessel inlet pipe 6 , carbon dioxide inlet header 7 , carbon dioxide turbine outlet pipe valve group 8 , carbon dioxide outlet header 9 , carbon dioxide turbine inlet pipe valve group 10 , compressor 11 , reactor pressure vessel 12 and carbon dioxide turbine 13 .
  • the outlet of the helium inlet header 2 is connected to the first inlet of the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 1, the first outlet of the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 1 is connected to the inlet of the helium outlet header 4, and the carbon dioxide inlet header
  • the outlet of 7 is connected to the second inlet of the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 1 , and the second outlet of the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 1 is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide outlet header 9 .
  • the outlet of the helium outlet header 4 is connected to the inlet of the main helium blower 5, the outlet of the helium blower 5 is connected to the inlet of the reactor pressure vessel inlet pipe 6, and the outlet of the reactor pressure vessel inlet pipe 6 is connected to the inlet of the reactor pressure vessel 12,
  • the outlet of the reactor pressure vessel 12 is connected to the inlet of the reactor pressure vessel outlet pipe 3 , and the outlet of the reactor pressure vessel outlet pipe 3 is connected to the inlet of the helium gas inlet header 2 .
  • the outlet of the carbon dioxide outlet header 9 is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide turbine inlet pipe valve group 10, the outlet of the carbon dioxide turbine inlet pipe valve group 10 is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide turbine 13, and the outlet of the carbon dioxide turbine 13 is connected to the carbon dioxide turbine.
  • the inlet of the outlet pipe valve group 8, the outlet of the carbon dioxide turbine outlet pipe valve group 8 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 11, and the outlet of the compressor 11 is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide inlet header 7.
  • the helium gas inlet header 2 is equipped with a filter screen that can be cleaned and removed, and is equipped with a differential pressure monitoring device to monitor the differential pressure of the filter screen.
  • the carbon dioxide inlet header 7 is equipped with a cleanable and detachable filter screen, and is equipped with a differential pressure monitoring device to monitor the differential pressure of the filter screen.
  • the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 1 is a plate heat exchanger.
  • a check valve is included in the carbon dioxide turbine outlet pipe valve group 8 .
  • the carbon dioxide turbine inlet pipe valve group 10 includes an isolation valve and a regulating valve.
  • a method for exchanging helium-carbon dioxide heat provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 1 is connected to the system after the other equipment of the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchange system is connected and cleaned;
  • Reactor pressure vessel 12 reactor pressure vessel outlet pipe 3, helium inlet header 2, helium side of helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 1, helium outlet header 4, main helium blower 5, reactor pressure vessel inlet pipe 6
  • a helium gas system is formed, and helium gas is filled in the helium gas system, and the main helium blower 5 provides power to establish a helium gas cycle;
  • the temperature of the helium gas is increased after absorbing heat in the reactor pressure vessel 12, and the heat is transferred to the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide system in the helium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 1 through the helium gas circulation to complete the heat exchange of the helium-carbon dioxide;
  • the differential pressure of the filter screen in the helium gas inlet header 2 is monitored, and when the differential pressure of the filter screen is high, the filter screen is pulled out for cleaning.
  • the differential pressure of the filter screen in the carbon dioxide inlet header 7 is monitored, and when the differential pressure of the filter screen is high, the filter screen is pulled out for cleaning.
  • the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor carbon dioxide power generation system adopts a "helium-carbon dioxide" plate heat exchanger, which is simpler in structure, easier to manufacture, and has better operation safety and reliability than the spiral tube direct-current evaporator used in the current high-temperature gas-cooled reactor water vapor power generation system.
  • the secondary loop uses carbon dioxide as the medium for swiping the turbine, there is no phase change, no "steam-water separator", start-stop system, no condenser, condensate system, and circulating water system; no chemical water production required system, water dosing system; finishing system.
  • High-temperature gas-cooled reactor carbon dioxide power generation system The higher-temperature gas-cooled reactor water vapor power generation system greatly simplifies the system.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统，该系统包括氦-二氧化碳换热器(1)、氦气入口集箱(2)、氦气出口集箱(4)、二氧化碳入口集箱(7)和二氧化碳出口集箱(9)；其中，氦气入口集箱(2)的出口接在氦-二氧化碳换热器(1)的第一入口，氦-二氧化碳换热器(1)的第一出口接在氦气出口集箱(4)的入口，二氧化碳入口集箱(7)的出口接在氦-二氧化碳换热器(1)的第二入口，氦-二氧化碳换热器(1)的第二出口接在二氧化碳出口集箱(9)的入口。还公开了一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的方法。在实施该方法时超临界二氧化碳发电循环全工况范围无相变，避免了干湿态转化，避免了启停和运行过程的两相流流动不稳定性等问题，从机理上极大程度的规避了换热器流致振动的问题。

Description

一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统和方法 技术领域
本发明属于核电技术领域，具体涉及一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统和方法。
背景技术
目前高温气冷堆示范电站一回路核燃料产生的热量是通过氦-水管壳式螺旋管换热器(直流蒸发器)及其系统将热量传递给二回路的水的。
该系统存在以下一些问题：
(1)该系统结构复杂，特别是直流蒸发器制造、运行困难；
(2)蒸发器在出厂前的打压实验中及冷试、热试过程中均发生了大量异响，目前尚不能确认原因，也无法消除，是机组安全运行的安全隐患；
(3)机组在运行中球型核燃料及压力容器碳砖之间存在碰撞与摩擦，难免产生石墨粉尘，目前这些石墨粉尘还无法清除；
(4)主氦风机设置在蒸发器内部，主氦风机的任何故障均需要打开蒸发器的端盖进行检查，破坏了一回路的压力边界；
(5)目前在建的高温气冷堆核电站示范工程，蒸发器换热管内为14MPa、570℃的蒸汽，换热管外为7MPa、750℃的带有放射性石墨粉尘的氦气，换热管在运行中泄漏后危害很大。
(6)换热管故障后没有换管的手段，一根换热管在大负荷下的泄露将会损伤临近换热管，大量换热管的损伤将影响机组出力，甚至使得蒸发器报废。
(7)在启动停止阶段、干湿态转换阶段均存在蒸发器入口给水流量温度、流量难以控制，蒸发器出口压力波动大，主蒸汽温度变化剧烈，影响到蒸发器及汽轮机运行安全。
在事故停堆后机组需要长时间冷却才能再次建立水循环启动，影响到机组的可用性及经济性。
技术解决方案
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足，提供了一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统和方法。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案来实现的：
一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统，包括氦-二氧化碳换热器、氦气入口集箱、氦气出口集箱、二氧化碳入口集箱和二氧化碳出口集箱；其中，
氦气入口集箱的出口接在氦-二氧化碳换热器的第一入口，氦-二氧化碳换热器的第一出口接在氦气出口集箱的入口，二氧化碳入口集箱的出口接在氦-二氧化碳换热器的第二入口，氦-二氧化碳换热器的第二出口接在二氧化碳出口集箱的入口。
本发明进一步的改进在于，氦气入口集箱内配备有可清洗、拆卸的滤网，并配备差压监视装置来监视滤网差压。
本发明进一步的改进在于，二氧化碳入口集箱内配备有可清洗、拆卸的滤网，并配备差压监视装置来监视滤网差压，氦-二氧化碳换热器是一种板式换热器。
本发明进一步的改进在于，还包括主氦风机、反应堆压力容器入口管道和反应堆压力容器；其中，
氦气出口集箱的出口接在主氦风机的入口，氦风机的出口接在反应堆压力容器入口管道的入口，反应堆压力容器入口管道的出口接在反应堆压力容器的入口，反应堆压力容器的出口接在反应堆压力容器出口管道的入口，反应堆压力容器出口管道的出口接在氦气入口集箱的入口。
本发明进一步的改进在于，还包括压力二氧化碳透平出口管阀组、压缩机、二氧化碳透平入口管阀组和二氧化碳透平；其中，
二氧化碳出口集箱的出口接在二氧化碳透平入口管阀组的入口，二氧化碳透平入口管阀组的出口接在二氧化碳透平的入口，二氧化碳透平的出口接在二氧化碳透平出口管阀组的入口，二氧化碳透平出口管阀组的出口接在压缩机的入口，压缩机的出口接在二氧化碳入口集箱的入口。
本发明进一步的改进在于，二氧化碳透平出口管阀组内包含有逆止阀。
本发明进一步的改进在于，二氧化碳透平入口管阀组内包含有隔离阀和调节阀。
一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的方法，该方法基于所述的一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统，包括以下步骤：
氦-二氧化碳换热器在氦-二氧化碳热量交换系统的其它设备连接好并完成清洁后再接入系统；
由二氧化碳透平出口管阀组、压缩机、二氧化碳入口集箱、氦-二氧化碳换热器的二氧化碳侧、二氧化碳出口集箱、二氧化碳透平入口管阀组、二氧化碳透平组成二氧化碳系统，在二氧化碳系统内充入二氧化碳气体，由压缩机提供动力建立起二氧化碳循环；
由反应堆压力容器、反应堆压力容器出口管道、氦气入口集箱、氦-二氧化碳换热器的氦气侧、氦气出口集箱、主氦风机、反应堆压力容器入口管道组成氦气系统，在氦气系统内充入氦气，由主氦风机提供动力建立起氦气循环；
在反应堆启动后，氦气在反应堆压力容器内吸热后温度提高，通过氦气循环在氦-二氧化碳换热器中将热量传递给二氧化碳系统中的二氧化碳，完成氦-二氧化碳的热量交换；
二氧化碳在氦-二氧化碳换热器中吸热后温度升高，高温氦气通过二氧化碳 透平入口管阀组后进入到二氧化碳透平中做功，氦气温度和压力降低。
本发明进一步的改进在于，在氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统在运行过程中，监视氦气入口集箱内的滤网差压，当滤网差压高时，将滤网抽出进行清洗。
本发明进一步的改进在于，在氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统在运行过程中，监视二氧化碳入口集箱内的滤网差压，当滤网差压高，将滤网抽出进行清洗。
有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有如下有益的技术效果：
本发明提供的一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统和方法，该系统与目前通常使用的系统比起来有以下几方面明显的优点：
1)在氦-二氧化碳换热器的氦气系统入口集箱中设置滤网，可以过滤、减少一回路氦气中携带的粉尘，提高了机组运行的安全性；
2)氦-二氧化碳换热器采用板式换热器，换热器结构稳定，不会发生流致振动；
3)主氦风机)设置在氦-二氧化碳换热器外部，有利于故障检修；
4)超临界二氧化碳发电循环全工况范围无相变，一二回路换热器为气-气(氦气-超临界二氧化碳)换热器，避免了干湿态转化，避免了启停和运行过程的两相流流动不稳定性等问题，从机理上极大程度的规避了换热器流致振动的问题；5)超临界二氧化碳发电循环在高温度参数条件下，效率优势更为显著，与高温气冷堆的定位更加契合。在666℃等级，净效率可以水工质循环提高3-5个点，766℃等级，净效率可以水工质循环提高6-8个点。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统的结构框图。
附图标记说明：
1、氦-二氧化碳换热器，2、氦气入口集箱，3、反应堆压力容器出口管道，4、氦气出口集箱，5、主氦风机，6、反应堆压力容器入口管道，7、二氧化碳入口集箱，8、二氧化碳透平出口管阀组，9、二氧化碳出口集箱，10、二氧化碳透平入口管阀组，11、压缩机，12、反应堆压力容器，13、二氧化碳透平。
本发明的实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明做出进一步的说明。
如图1所示，本发明提供的一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统，包括氦-二氧化碳换热器1、氦气入口集箱2、氦气出口集箱4、主氦风机5、反应堆压力容器入口管道6、二氧化碳入口集箱7、二氧化碳透平出口管阀组8、二氧化碳出口集箱9、二氧化碳透平入口管阀组10、压缩机11、反应堆压力容器12和二氧化碳透平13。
其中，氦气入口集箱2的出口接在氦-二氧化碳换热器1的第一入口，氦-二氧化碳换热器1的第一出口接在氦气出口集箱4的入口，二氧化碳入口集箱7的出口接在氦-二氧化碳换热器1的第二入口，氦-二氧化碳换热器1的第二出口接在二氧化碳出口集箱9的入口。氦气出口集箱4的出口接在主氦风机5的入口，氦风机5的出口接在反应堆压力容器入口管道6的入口，反应堆压力容器入口管道6的出口接在反应堆压力容器12的入口，反应堆压力容器12的出口接在反应堆压力容器出口管道3的入口，反应堆压力容器出口管道3的出口接在氦气入口集箱2的入口。二氧化碳出口集箱9的出口接在二氧化碳透平入口管阀组10的入口，二氧化碳透平入口管阀组10的出口接在二氧化碳透平13的入口，二氧化碳透平13的出口接在二氧化碳透平出口管阀组8的入口，二氧化碳透平出口管阀组8的出口接在压缩机11的入口，压缩机11的出口接在二氧化碳入口集箱7的入口。
优选地，氦气入口集箱2内配备有可清洗、拆卸的滤网，并配备差压监视装置来监视滤网差压。二氧化碳入口集箱7内配备有可清洗、拆卸的滤网，并配备差压监视装置来监视滤网差压，氦-二氧化碳换热器1是一种板式换热器。
优选地，二氧化碳透平出口管阀组8内包含有逆止阀。二氧化碳透平入口管阀组10内包含有隔离阀和调节阀。
本发明提供的一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的方法，包括以下步骤：
氦-二氧化碳换热器1在氦-二氧化碳热量交换系统的其它设备连接好并完成清洁后再接入系统；
由二氧化碳透平出口管阀组8、压缩机11、二氧化碳入口集箱7、氦-二氧化碳换热器1的二氧化碳侧、二氧化碳出口集箱9、二氧化碳透平入口管阀组10、二氧化碳透平13组成二氧化碳系统，在二氧化碳系统内充入二氧化碳气体，由压缩机11提供动力建立起二氧化碳循环；
由反应堆压力容器12、反应堆压力容器出口管道3、氦气入口集箱2、氦-二氧化碳换热器1的氦气侧、氦气出口集箱4、主氦风机5、反应堆压力容器入口管道6组成氦气系统，在氦气系统内充入氦气，由主氦风机5提供动力建立起氦气循环；
在反应堆启动后，氦气在反应堆压力容器12内吸热后温度提高，通过氦气循环在氦-二氧化碳换热器1中将热量传递给二氧化碳系统中的二氧化碳，完成氦-二氧化碳的热量交换；
二氧化碳在氦-二氧化碳换热器1中吸热后温度升高，高温氦气通过二氧化碳透平入口管阀组10后进入到二氧化碳透平13中做功，氦气温度和压力降低。
其中，在氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统在运行过程中，监视氦气入口集箱2 内的滤网差压，当滤网差压高时，将滤网抽出进行清洗。在氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统在运行过程中，监视二氧化碳入口集箱7内的滤网差压，当滤网差压高，将滤网抽出进行清洗。
高温气冷堆二氧化碳发电系统采用“氦-二氧化碳”板式换热器，较目前高温气冷堆水汽发电系统所采用的螺旋管直流蒸发器，结构简单、容易制造、运行安全可靠性好。
二回路利用二氧化碳作为冲转透平的介质，不存在相变，不需要的“汽水分离器”、启停堆系统；不需要凝汽器、凝结水系统、循环水系统；不需要化学制水系统、给水加药系统；精处理系统。高温气冷堆二氧化碳发电系统较高温气冷堆水汽发电系统，系统大大简化。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统，其特征在于，包括氦-二氧化碳换热器(1)、氦气入口集箱(2)、氦气出口集箱(4)、二氧化碳入口集箱(7)和二氧化碳出口集箱(9)；其中，
    氦气入口集箱(2)的出口接在氦-二氧化碳换热器(1)的第一入口，氦-二氧化碳换热器(1)的第一出口接在氦气出口集箱(4)的入口，二氧化碳入口集箱(7)的出口接在氦-二氧化碳换热器(1)的第二入口，氦-二氧化碳换热器(1)的第二出口接在二氧化碳出口集箱(9)的入口。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统，其特征在于，氦气入口集箱(2)内配备有可清洗、拆卸的滤网，并配备差压监视装置来监视滤网差压。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统，其特征在于，二氧化碳入口集箱(7)内配备有可清洗、拆卸的滤网，并配备差压监视装置来监视滤网差压，氦-二氧化碳换热器(1)是一种板式换热器。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统，其特征在于，还包括主氦风机(5)、反应堆压力容器入口管道(6)和反应堆压力容器(12)；其中，
    氦气出口集箱(4)的出口接在主氦风机(5)的入口，氦风机(5)的出口接在反应堆压力容器入口管道(6)的入口，反应堆压力容器入口管道(6)的出口接在反应堆压力容器(12)的入口，反应堆压力容器(12)的出口接在反应堆压力容器出口管道(3)的入口，反应堆压力容器出口管道(3)的出口接在氦气入口集箱(2)的入口。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统，其特征在于，还包括压力二氧化碳透平出口管阀组(8)、压缩机(11)、二氧化碳透平入口管阀组(10)和二氧化碳透平(13)；其中，
    二氧化碳出口集箱(9)的出口接在二氧化碳透平入口管阀组(10)的入口，二氧化碳透平入口管阀组(10)的出口接在二氧化碳透平(13)的入口，二氧化碳透平(13)的出口接在二氧化碳透平出口管阀组(8)的入口，二氧化碳透平出口管阀组(8)的出口接在压缩机(11)的入口，压缩机(11)的出口接在二氧化碳入口集箱(7)的入口。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统，其特征在于，二氧化碳透平出口管阀组(8)内包含有逆止阀。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统，其特征在于，二氧化碳透平入口管阀组(10)内包含有隔离阀和调节阀。
  8. 一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的方法，其特征在于，该方法基于权利要求5所述的一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统，包括以下步骤：
    氦-二氧化碳换热器(1)在氦-二氧化碳热量交换系统的其它设备连接好并完成清洁后再接入系统；
    由二氧化碳透平出口管阀组(8)、压缩机(11)、二氧化碳入口集箱(7)、氦-二氧化碳换热器(1)的二氧化碳侧、二氧化碳出口集箱(9)、二氧化碳透平入口管阀组(10)、二氧化碳透平(13)组成二氧化碳系统，在二氧化碳系统内充入二氧化碳气体，由压缩机(11)提供动力建立起二氧化碳循环；
    由反应堆压力容器(12)、反应堆压力容器出口管道(3)、氦气入口集箱(2)、氦-二氧化碳换热器(1)的氦气侧、氦气出口集箱(4)、主氦风机(5)、反应堆 压力容器入口管道(6)组成氦气系统，在氦气系统内充入氦气，由主氦风机(5)提供动力建立起氦气循环；
    在反应堆启动后，氦气在反应堆压力容器(12)内吸热后温度提高，通过氦气循环在氦-二氧化碳换热器(1)中将热量传递给二氧化碳系统中的二氧化碳，完成氦-二氧化碳的热量交换；
    二氧化碳在氦-二氧化碳换热器(1)中吸热后温度升高，高温氦气通过二氧化碳透平入口管阀组(10)后进入到二氧化碳透平(13)中做功，氦气温度和压力降低。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的方法，其特征在于，在氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统在运行过程中，监视氦气入口集箱(2)内的滤网差压，当滤网差压高时，将滤网抽出进行清洗。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的一种氦-二氧化碳热量交换的方法，其特征在于，在氦-二氧化碳热量交换的系统在运行过程中，监视二氧化碳入口集箱(7)内的滤网差压，当滤网差压高，将滤网抽出进行清洗。
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