WO2022161056A1 - Module de guide d'ondes et système d'affichage - Google Patents

Module de guide d'ondes et système d'affichage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022161056A1
WO2022161056A1 PCT/CN2021/140976 CN2021140976W WO2022161056A1 WO 2022161056 A1 WO2022161056 A1 WO 2022161056A1 CN 2021140976 W CN2021140976 W CN 2021140976W WO 2022161056 A1 WO2022161056 A1 WO 2022161056A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
waveguide
light
grating
coupling
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PCT/CN2021/140976
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李民康
周海峰
刘力铭
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2022161056A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022161056A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/34—Optical coupling means utilising prism or grating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of augmented reality display, in particular to a waveguide module and a display system using the waveguide module.
  • AR Augmented Reality
  • the AR glasses include a diffractive optical waveguide module, and the diffractive optical waveguide module includes a waveguide and an exit pupil grating (or outcoupling grating).
  • the exit pupil grating is used to couple the received light out of the waveguide into the human eye based on the diffraction effect of the grating. Due to the symmetry of the diffraction of light by the grating, part of the light at the exit pupil grating is coupled out into the human eye, and the other part enters the external environment, thereby causing the problem of light leakage.
  • light leakage exposes the information displayed by the light to the external environment, and user privacy is leaked; on the other hand, light leakage makes the AR glasses appear bright in a large area when viewed from the outside, which affects the appearance; The amount of light is in the same order of magnitude, resulting in low waveguide efficiency and increased power consumption.
  • One way to solve the problem of light leakage in the prior art is to provide an absorbing element on the side of the exit pupil grating away from the waveguide to absorb the leaked light and prevent it from being incident to the external environment.
  • the amount of light absorbed by the absorbing element is in the same order of magnitude as the amount of light incident to the human eye, and the light utilization efficiency of the absorbing element is low.
  • the absorption element is a separate component from the waveguide, and the addition of the absorption element will increase the overall thickness of the device.
  • Another way to solve the above problem in the prior art is to provide a protective glass coated with a reflective filter film on the side of the exit pupil grating away from the waveguide to prevent the missed light from entering the external environment.
  • the protective glass coated with the reflective filter film is a separate component from the waveguide, and the addition of protective glass will also increase the overall thickness of the device.
  • a waveguide module comprising: a waveguide, an in-coupling grating and an out-coupling grating; the waveguide is used to receive and guide a first image light to the in-coupling grating; the in-coupling grating is disposed on the incoupling grating.
  • the waveguide is used for diffracting the first image light and guiding the diffracted first image light to the waveguide; the waveguide is also used for guiding the diffracted first image light coupled into the grating to the waveguide.
  • the coupling-out grating is arranged on the waveguide and is located on the same side of the waveguide as the coupling-in grating, the coupling-out grating includes a diffraction layer, a connecting layer and an anti-leakage layer;
  • the diffraction grating A layer is fixedly arranged on the surface of the waveguide for diffracting part of the first image light and guiding the diffracted part of the first image light to the waveguide;
  • the connecting layer is located on the diffractive layer and the anti-leakage light between the layers, for fixedly connecting the diffractive layer and the anti-leakage layer;
  • the anti-leakage layer is located on the side of the connecting layer away from the waveguide, and is used for reflecting from the Another part of the first image light emitted from the diffractive layer, so that the reflected another part of the first image light is diffracted by the diffractive layer and then emitted to the waveguide;
  • the waveguide is also used to pass the coupling
  • the light leakage prevention layer reflects the first image light to the diffractive layer, so that the first image light emitted from the diffractive layer away from the waveguide can be recycled, which can effectively improve the light leakage problem of the waveguide module. It is beneficial to improve the aesthetics of the display system and also to improve the utilization rate of light energy.
  • the connecting layer is located between the diffractive layer and the anti-leakage layer, so that the connecting layer and the diffractive layer can be used to jointly carry the anti-leakage layer, avoiding additionally providing a substrate for carrying the anti-leakage layer (for example, a glass substrate, a glass substrate).
  • a substrate for carrying the anti-leakage layer for example, a glass substrate, a glass substrate
  • the thickness of the coupling layer is in the order of millimeters)
  • the thickness of the connecting layer is in the order of micrometers (for example, about ten micrometers), so it is beneficial to reduce the overall thickness and weight of the coupling-out grating, thereby reducing the overall thickness and weight of the display system.
  • connection layer plays the role of fixed connection, which is used to fix the diffractive layer and the anti-light leakage layer on both sides of it as a whole, so that each layer structure (mainly refers to the diffractive layer, the connecting layer and the anti-light leakage layer) ) is more compact.
  • each layer structure mainly refers to the diffractive layer, the connecting layer and the anti-light leakage layer
  • it is beneficial to reduce the overall thickness and weight of the coupling-out grating, thereby reducing the overall thickness and weight of the display system, and also helping to improve the overall reliability of the display system. .
  • the light leakage prevention layer is a reflective filter film.
  • the anti-leakage layer is a reflective volume grating.
  • the reflector grating is a photosensitive material doped with a liquid crystal material.
  • the liquid crystal material By doping the liquid crystal material, it is beneficial to improve the refractive index modulation of the anti-leakage layer.
  • the refractive index modulation When the refractive index modulation is increased, the thickness of the anti-leakage layer required to achieve the same refraction effect is lower. Therefore, by doping the liquid crystal material, the It is beneficial to reduce the thickness of the light leakage prevention layer.
  • the index of refraction of the tie layer is different from the index of refraction of the diffractive layer.
  • the first image light can be transmitted from the diffractive layer to the connection layer and out from the connection layer.
  • connection layer is formed by plating.
  • connection layer fixedly connecting the light leakage prevention layer and the surface of the diffractive layer fixedly connected to the connection layer there is a minimum vertical distance d between the surface of the connection layer fixedly connecting the light leakage prevention layer and the surface of the diffractive layer fixedly connected to the connection layer, 0 nm ⁇ d ⁇ 10 ⁇ m.
  • connection layer is in the order of micrometers, which is beneficial to reduce the thickness and weight of the diffraction module.
  • the surface on which the connecting layer is fixedly connected to the anti-light leakage layer is a continuous and flat surface, and the surface on which the connecting layer is fixedly connected to the anti-light leakage layer and the diffractive layer is fixedly connected to the connecting layer There is a minimum vertical distance d between the surfaces of 0nm ⁇ d ⁇ 10 ⁇ m.
  • the connecting layer is located between the diffractive layer and the anti-leakage layer, and plays the role of a flat diffractive layer, so that the connecting layer can be used to carry the anti-leakage layer, avoiding additionally providing a substrate for carrying the anti-leakage layer (for example, a glass substrate,
  • a substrate for carrying the anti-leakage layer for example, a glass substrate
  • the thickness of the glass substrate is in the order of millimeters)
  • the thickness of the connecting layer is in the order of micrometers (for example, about ten micrometers), so it is beneficial to reduce the overall thickness and weight of the outcoupling grating, thereby reducing the overall thickness and weight of the display system.
  • the first image light includes multiple primary color lights with different wavelengths
  • the coupling-in grating and the diffractive layer are used to diffract at least one primary color light in the first image light.
  • the coupling grating and the diffractive layer diffract all the primary color light, it is beneficial to reduce the thickness of the coupling grating and the diffractive layer;
  • the multi-layered waveguide modules respectively diffract each primary color light in the first image light, which is beneficial to improve the color of the second image light. uniformity and increase the field of view of the second image light.
  • the primary color light diffracted by the coupling-in grating is the same primary color light diffracted by the diffractive layer.
  • a waveguide module including a first waveguide, a first coupling-in grating, a first coupling-out grating, a second waveguide, a second coupling-in grating, and a second coupling-out grating; the first coupling grating
  • the input grating and the first coupling-out grating are arranged on the same side of the first waveguide, the first waveguide is used to receive the first image light including three primary color lights, and the first waveguide is used to guide at least one The primary color light is coupled to the first in-coupling grating, and the remaining primary color light is guided to the second waveguide;
  • the first coupled-in grating is used for diffracting the at least one primary color light, and is used for guiding the diffracted at least one primary color light to the first waveguide;
  • the first waveguide is also used to guide the at least one primary color light diffracted by the first coupling grating to the first coupling grating; the first coupling grating
  • the part of at least one primary color light is guided to the first waveguide;
  • the first connecting layer is located between the first diffractive layer and the first anti-leakage layer, and is used for fixedly connecting the first diffractive layer and the the first anti-leakage layer;
  • the first anti-leakage layer is located on the side of the first connection layer away from the first waveguide, and is used for reflection and diffraction from the first in a direction away from the first waveguide
  • the second coupling grating and the The second out-coupling grating is disposed on the same side of the second waveguide, and the second waveguide is used to receive and guide the remaining primary color light to the second in-coupling grating; the second in-coupling grating is used for pairing The remaining primary color light is diffracted
  • the above-mentioned waveguide module by increasing the number of waveguides, coupled-in gratings and coupled-out gratings, reduces the number of primary color lights that need to be guided by each waveguide, so that each waveguide has a better reflection effect on the primary color light guided by the waveguides. It is beneficial to improve the color uniformity of the second image light and also to increase the field of view of the second image light.
  • the waveguide module further includes a third waveguide, a third coupling-in grating, and a third coupling-out grating
  • the first image light includes a first primary color light, a second primary color light, and a third primary color light
  • the first waveguide is used for guiding the first primary color light to the first coupling grating, and guiding the second primary color light and the third primary color light to the second waveguide
  • the first coupling in The grating and the first diffraction layer are used for diffracting the first primary color light
  • the second waveguide is used for guiding the second primary color light to the second coupling-in grating, and guiding the third primary color light to the the third waveguide
  • the second coupling grating and the second diffractive layer are used for diffracting the second primary color light
  • the third coupling grating and the third coupling out grating are arranged on the first On the same side of the three waveguides, the third waveguide is used for guiding the third primary color light to
  • the above-mentioned waveguide module by increasing the number of waveguides, coupled-in gratings and coupled-out gratings, reduces the number of primary color lights that need to be guided by each waveguide, so that each waveguide has a better reflection effect on the primary color light guided by the waveguides. It is beneficial to improve the color uniformity of the second image light and also to increase the field of view of the second image light.
  • a display system comprising: a microdisplay for emitting a first image light; and at least one waveguide module located on an optical path of the first image light, each waveguide module as described above any one of the waveguide modules.
  • the light leakage prevention layer reflects the first image light to the diffractive layer, so that the first image light emitted from the diffractive layer away from the waveguide can be recycled, which can effectively improve the light leakage problem of the waveguide module. It is beneficial to improve the aesthetics of the display system and also to improve the utilization rate of light energy.
  • the connecting layer is located between the diffractive layer and the anti-leakage layer, so that the connecting layer and the diffractive layer can be used to jointly carry the anti-leakage layer, avoiding additionally providing a substrate for carrying the anti-leakage layer (for example, a glass substrate, a glass substrate).
  • a substrate for carrying the anti-leakage layer for example, a glass substrate, a glass substrate
  • the thickness of the coupling layer is in the order of millimeters)
  • the thickness of the connecting layer is in the order of micrometers (for example, about ten micrometers), so it is beneficial to reduce the overall thickness and weight of the coupling-out grating, thereby reducing the overall thickness and weight of the display system.
  • connection layer plays the role of fixed connection, which is used to fix the diffractive layer and the anti-light leakage layer on both sides of it as a whole, so that each layer structure (mainly refers to the diffractive layer, the connecting layer and the anti-light leakage layer) ) is more compact.
  • each layer structure mainly refers to the diffractive layer, the connecting layer and the anti-light leakage layer
  • it is beneficial to reduce the overall thickness and weight of the coupling-out grating, thereby reducing the overall thickness and weight of the display system, and also helping to improve the overall reliability of the display system. .
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic structural diagram of a display system in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 1B is another schematic structural diagram of the display system in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical path structure in the display system shown in FIG. 1A .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the spectral distribution of the first image light.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the reflectance of the light leakage preventing layer in FIG. 2 to each primary color light in the first image light.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a display system in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an optical path structure in the display system according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the reflectivity of each primary color light in the first image light by the first waveguide module in FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the reflectivity of each primary color light in the first image light by the second waveguide module in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a display system in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a display system in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • the outcoupling grating area of the present application can be flattened and an anti-leakage layer is provided, so as to reduce the diffractive optical waveguide on the basis of preventing light leakage from the diffractive optical waveguide thickness and weight.
  • This embodiment provides a display system 10 based on Augmented Reality (AR).
  • Display system 10 may combine real and virtual images to generate AR images.
  • the user wears the display system 10 , and the AR image generated by the display system 10 enters the human eye 40 , and the user can observe the AR image generated by the display system 10 .
  • the display system 10 is AR glasses, and the user can wear the AR glasses on the eyes to observe images.
  • the display system 10 may also be an AR helmet or the like.
  • the display system 10 includes a microdisplay 11 and a waveguide module 12 .
  • the microdisplay 11 is used for emitting the first image light L1.
  • the waveguide module 12 is used for receiving and modulating the first image light L1 to generate the second image light L2 and output.
  • the second image light L2 may be directed into the human eye 40 to show the AR image to the user.
  • the first image light L1 includes multiple primary color lights, and the multiple primary color lights can cooperate with each other to modulate a color image.
  • the first image light L1 includes three primary color lights with different wavelengths.
  • the three primary color lights are: primary color light R (red light), primary color light G (green light), and primary color light B (blue light).
  • the waveguide module 12 is used to modulate the primary color light R, the primary color light G, and the primary color light B, respectively.
  • the waveguide module 12 includes a waveguide 121 , an in-coupling grating 122 and an out-coupling grating 123 disposed on the same side of the waveguide 121 .
  • the microdisplay 11 is located on the side of the waveguide 121 away from the coupling-in grating 122 and the coupling-out grating 123 .
  • the waveguide module 12 is located on the optical path of the first image light L1.
  • the waveguide 121 is used for receiving the first image light L1 and for guiding the first image light L1 to the coupling-in grating 122 and the coupling-out grating 123 successively. After the first image light L1 is incident on the waveguide 121 , it can be guided to the coupling-in grating 122 by the waveguide 121 .
  • the coupling-in grating 122 is used to first diffract the first image light L1 and guide the diffracted first image light L1 to the waveguide 121 .
  • the outcoupling grating 123 is used to second diffract the received first image light L1 and guide it to the waveguide 121 .
  • the waveguide 121 is used to guide the light guided by the outcoupling grating 123 to the human eye 40 .
  • the light diffracted twice, which is emitted from the waveguide 121 and guided to the human eye 40, is defined as the above-described second image light L2.
  • the outcoupling grating 123 includes a diffractive layer 1231 , a connection layer 1232 and an anti-leakage layer 1233 .
  • the diffractive layer 1231 is fixed on the surface of the waveguide 121 .
  • the connection layer 1232 is fixedly disposed on the surface of the waveguide 121 on which the diffractive layer 1231 is disposed and covers the diffractive layer 1231 .
  • the diffractive layer 1231 is a one-dimensional or two-dimensional diffraction grating, and is used for diffracting each primary color light in the received first image light L1 respectively.
  • the grating period of the diffraction layer 1231 is 100 nanometers to 1000 nanometers, the grating height is 20 nanometers to 1000 nanometers, and the shape of the grating can be rectangular, inclined, blazed grating, or the like.
  • the diffractive layer 1231 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. When the diffractive layer 1231 has a single-layer structure, the single layer is used to diffract all the primary color light in the first image light L1.
  • each of the layers is used to diffract at least one primary color light in the first image light L1.
  • each layer is used to diffract one of the primary color light R, the primary color light G, and the primary color light B in the first image light L1.
  • the diffractive layer 1231 adopts a single-layer structure, it is beneficial to reduce the overall thickness.
  • the diffraction layer 1231 adopts a multi-layer structure since each layer is used to diffract one of the primary colors of light, it is beneficial to reduce the complexity of the grating structure.
  • the diffractive layer 1231 After diffracting the first image light L1 , the diffractive layer 1231 guides the diffracted first image light L1 to the waveguide 121 . However, due to the manufacturing process and other reasons, a part of the first image light L1 incident on the diffractive layer 1231 may exit toward the diffractive layer 1231 away from the waveguide 121, so that the first image light L1 incident on the diffractive layer 1231 cannot be completely diffracted. It is then directed back to the waveguide 121 .
  • the connection layer 1232 is a light-transmitting material, such as silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and the like.
  • the first image light L1 emitted toward the side of the diffractive layer 1231 away from the waveguide 121 may be transmitted through the connection layer 1232 .
  • the connection layer 1232 is made of a material with a smaller haze. In this embodiment, the connection layer 1232 is made of a material with a haze of less than 0.1, which is beneficial to reduce the light loss when the first image light L1 passes through the connection layer 1232 .
  • the diffractive layer 1231 has a first refractive index with respect to the first image light L1
  • the connection layer 1232 has a second refractive index with respect to the first image light L1.
  • the first refractive index is different from the second refractive index so that a refractive index difference is generated between the diffractive layer 1231 and the connection layer 1232 , so that the first image light L1 can be transmitted from the diffractive layer 1231 to the connection layer 1232 and from the connection layer 1232 go out.
  • the refractive index (ie, the first refractive index) of the diffractive layer 1231 is 1.4 to 2.6
  • the refractive index (ie, the second refractive index) of the connecting layer 1232 is also 1.4 to 2.6.
  • the diffractive layer 1231 can be a rectangular grating, a slant grating, a blazed grating, etc., which may have grooves, slits, etc., that is, the surface of the diffractive layer 1231 away from the waveguide 121 (defined as the contact surface S1 ) is not a continuous, flat surface.
  • the connection layer 1232 covers the diffractive layer 1231 and is used to fill the discontinuous and uneven areas on the contact surface S1, and the surface of the connection layer 1232 away from the contact surface S1 is formed as a continuous and flat surface, so as to carry and fix the connection of the anti-leakage layer 1233 .
  • the connection layer 1232 may be a thin film covering the diffractive layer 1231 formed by processes such as coating, spin coating and drying. There is a minimum vertical distance d between the surface of the connection layer 1232 away from the diffractive layer 1231 and the contact surface S1 of the diffractive layer 1231 , 0 nm ⁇ d ⁇ 10 ⁇ m (including the endpoint). Since the contact surface S1 may be uneven, the above-mentioned minimum vertical distance refers to the vertical distance between the point on the contact surface S1 closest to the surface of the connection layer 1232 away from the diffraction layer 1231 and the surface of the connection layer 1232 away from the diffraction layer 1231 .
  • the minimum distance d can be equal to 0 nm
  • the connection layer 1232 does not cover the contact surface S1, that is, the contact surface S1 is exposed relative to the connection layer 1232, and the connection layer is fixedly connected to the light leakage prevention layer 1233. It is in direct contact with the anti-leakage layer 1233, and is used to jointly carry the anti-leakage layer 1233. At this time, the overall thickness of the coupling-out grating 123 is relatively small.
  • the connecting layer 1232 covers the contact surface S1
  • the side of the connecting layer that is fixedly connected to the anti-leakage layer 1233 is directly in contact with the anti-light leakage layer 1233
  • the connecting layer 1232 is fixedly connected to the anti-leakage layer.
  • One side of 1233 plays a flat role on the diffractive layer 1231 and is used to carry the anti-leakage layer 1233.
  • the surface contact area between the connection layer 1232 and the anti-light-leakage layer 1233 is larger, which is beneficial to improve the fixing effect.
  • the light leakage preventing layer 1233 serves to receive and reflect the first image light L1 incident from the connection layer 1232 .
  • the first image light L1 reflected by the light leakage prevention layer 1233 can be re-incident to the diffractive layer 1231 to be diffracted by the diffractive layer 1231 and then output to the waveguide 121 .
  • the light leakage prevention layer 1233 is a thin film layer with a very small thickness (the thickness is in the order of microns), which can be directly formed on the surface of the connection layer 1232 away from the diffractive layer 1231 by means of coating. Since both the connection layer 1232 and the anti-light leakage layer 1233 are thin film layers with a thickness of micrometers, the two can be fixedly connected by natural adhesion between the thin film layers.
  • the anti-leakage layer 1233 is a reflective filter film, and its manufacturing process is relatively mature, and it is easy to realize mass production.
  • the light-leakage prevention layer 1233 includes multiple layers of thin films having different refractive indices and a metal layer stacked in sequence, and the multilayer thin films and the metal layer are used to ensure high reflectivity for a specific wavelength and spectral range.
  • the light leakage prevention layer 1233 can also be a reflective volume grating.
  • the reflector grating is a photosensitive material, such as a photosensitive resin.
  • the reflector grating can be formed by exposure and development. Since the exposure device is simple, when the light leakage prevention layer 1233 is the reflector grating, the cost is low.
  • the thickness of the reflector grating is 5 microns to 1000 microns.
  • liquid crystal material can be doped therein. Doping the liquid crystal material is beneficial to improve the degree of refractive index modulation of the light leakage prevention layer 1233 .
  • the thickness of the light leakage prevention layer 1233 required to achieve the same refraction effect is lower. Therefore, when the light leakage prevention layer 1233 is a reflector grating, it is beneficial to reduce the thickness of the light leakage prevention layer 1233 by doping the liquid crystal material.
  • the light leakage prevention layer 1233 When the light leakage prevention layer 1233 is a reflective volume grating, it can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure stacked in sequence. When the light-leakage prevention layer 1233 is a single-layer structure, the single-layer structure has high reflectivity for all primary color lights at the same time, which is beneficial to reduce the overall thickness of the light-leakage prevention layer 1233 . When the light leakage prevention layer 1233 is a multi-layer structure stacked in sequence, for example, a three-layer structure, each layer structure has a high reflectivity for a certain primary color light in the first image light L1, which is beneficial to reduce the complexity of the grating structure.
  • the primary color light R has a center wavelength ⁇ R , a spectral width of ⁇ R , and a spectral range of 633 ⁇ 2 nm.
  • the primary color light G has a center wavelength ⁇ G , a spectral width of ⁇ G , and a spectral range of 532 ⁇ 2 nm.
  • the primary color light B has a central wavelength ⁇ B , a spectral width of ⁇ B , and a spectral range of 450 ⁇ 2 nm.
  • the anti-leakage layer 1233 has the same reflectance to each primary color light, and has a reflectance of 100% to light with wavelengths ⁇ R , ⁇ G , and ⁇ B .
  • the field of view of the first image light L1 is enlarged, so the field of view of the second image light L2 is larger than that of the first image light L1.
  • the first image light L1 emitted from the side of the diffractive layer 1231 away from the waveguide 121 can be recycled, which can effectively improve the
  • the problem of light leakage of the waveguide module 12 is beneficial to improve the aesthetics of the display system 10 and also to improve the utilization rate of light energy.
  • the connecting layer 1232 is located between the diffractive layer 1231 and the anti-light leakage layer 1233, and the connecting layer 1232 functions as a contact surface S1 of the flat diffractive layer 1231, so that the connecting layer 1232 can be used to carry the anti-leakage layer 1233, avoiding the need for additional
  • a substrate for carrying the anti-leakage layer 1233 is provided (for example, a glass substrate is selected, and the thickness of the glass substrate is in the order of millimeters), and the thickness of the connecting layer 1232 is in the order of micrometers (for example, about ten micrometers), so it is beneficial to reduce the outcoupling grating 123 to reduce the overall thickness and weight of the display system 10, thereby reducing the overall thickness and weight of the display system 10.
  • connection layer 1232 plays the role of fixed connection, and is used to fixedly connect the diffractive layer 1231 and the anti-light leakage layer 1233 located on both sides of the diffractive layer 1231 as a whole, so that each layer structure (mainly refers to the diffractive layer 1231, the connection layer
  • the space between 1232 and the anti-light leakage layer 1233) is more compact, which is beneficial to reduce the overall thickness and weight of the coupling-out grating 123, thereby reducing the overall thickness and weight of the display system 10. It is beneficial to improve the overall reliability of the display system 10 .
  • FIG. 5 is mainly used to illustrate the overall structure of the display system 20, and the specific structure of the waveguide module is not shown
  • the display system 20 provided in this embodiment is basically the same as the display system 10 in the first embodiment.
  • the main difference between the two is that the display system 20 includes two waveguide modules.
  • the following mainly describes the differences between the second embodiment and the first embodiment.
  • the display system 20 includes a microdisplay 21 , a first waveguide module 22 and a second waveguide module 23 .
  • the first waveguide module 22 and the second waveguide module 23 are stacked on each other, and the first waveguide module 22 is located between the microdisplay 21 and the second waveguide module 23 .
  • the display system 20 further includes a glass frame 24 .
  • the glass frame 24 is located on the periphery of the first waveguide module 22 and the second waveguide module 23, and is used for fixing the first waveguide module 22 and the second waveguide module 23 to keep the first waveguide module 22 and the second waveguide module 23.
  • the positions of the groups 23 are not shifted from each other.
  • the glass frame 24 has a bearing portion 241 , and the bearing portion 241 protrudes between the first waveguide module 22 and the second waveguide module 23 .
  • the thickness of the bearing portion 241 itself creates an air gap 25 between the first waveguide module 22 and the second waveguide module 23 .
  • the width of the air gap 25 is less than 0.1 mm.
  • the microdisplay 21 is used for emitting the first image light L1.
  • the first waveguide module 22 and the second waveguide module 23 are located on the optical path of the first image light L1 , and are used for receiving and modulating the first image light L1 to generate the second image light L2 and exit.
  • the second image light L2 may be directed into the human eye 40 to show the AR image to the user.
  • the first image light L1 includes three primary color lights with different wavelengths.
  • the three primary color lights include: primary color light R (red light), primary color light G (green light), and primary color light B (blue light).
  • the first waveguide module 22 is used to modulate the primary color light G and the primary color light B in the first image light L1.
  • the second waveguide module 23 is used to modulate the primary color light R in the first image light L1.
  • the first waveguide module 22 includes a first waveguide 221 , an in-coupling grating 222 and an out-coupling grating 223 disposed on the same side of the first waveguide 221 .
  • the microdisplay 21 is located on the side of the waveguide 221 away from the coupling-in grating 222 and the coupling-out grating 223 .
  • the first waveguide 221 is used to receive and guide the first image light L1 to the coupling-in grating 222 .
  • the coupling-in grating 222 is used for the first diffraction of the primary color light G and the primary color light B in the first image light L1.
  • the first waveguide 221 and the coupling-in grating 222 are also used to transmit the primary color light R in the first image light L1.
  • the primary color light G and the primary color light B diffracted by the coupling-in grating 222 are incident on the first waveguide 221 , are totally reflected multiple times in the first waveguide 221 , and are guided to the coupling-out grating 223 by the first waveguide 221 .
  • the outcoupling grating 223 includes a diffractive layer 2231 , a connection layer 2232 and an anti-leakage layer 2233 that are stacked in sequence.
  • the diffractive layer 2231 is closer to the first waveguide 221 than the light leakage prevention layer 2233 .
  • the diffractive layer 2231 is used to perform second diffraction on the received primary color light G and primary color light B. Of the primary color light G and primary color light B incident on the diffractive layer 2231, a part of the light is guided back into the first waveguide 221 after being diffracted for the second time, and the other part of the light may exit from the direction toward the light leakage prevention layer 2233.
  • connection layer 2232 is a light-transmitting material, and the light emitted in the direction of the anti-leakage layer 2233 is transmitted through the connection layer 2232 and then reflected back to the diffractive layer 2231 by the anti-leakage layer 2233 to be diffracted by the diffractive layer 2231 and then emitted into the first waveguide 221 .
  • FIG. 7 shows the reflectance of the light leakage preventing layer 2233 to the primary color light G and the primary color light B.
  • the first waveguide 221 is also used for emitting the primary color light G and the primary color light B after being diffracted twice.
  • the second waveguide module 23 includes a second waveguide 231 , an in-coupling grating 232 and an out-coupling grating 233 disposed on the same side of the second waveguide 231 .
  • the second waveguide 231 is used for receiving the primary color light R transmitted from the first waveguide module 22 and for guiding the primary color light R to the coupling-in grating 232 .
  • the coupling-in grating 232 is used for the first diffraction of the primary color light R. As shown in FIG.
  • the primary color light R diffracted by the coupling-in grating 232 enters the second waveguide 231 , is totally reflected multiple times in the second waveguide 231 , and is guided to the coupling-out grating 233 by the second waveguide 231 .
  • the outcoupling grating 233 includes a diffractive layer 2331 , a connection layer 2332 and an anti-leakage layer 2333 stacked in sequence.
  • the diffractive layer 2331 is closer to the second waveguide 231 than the light leakage prevention layer 2333 .
  • the diffractive layer 2331 is used to perform second diffraction on the received primary color light R. Of the primary color light R incident on the diffractive layer 2331 , a part of the light is guided back into the second waveguide 231 after being diffracted for the second time, and another part of the light may exit from a direction toward the light leakage prevention layer 2333 .
  • the connecting layer 2332 is a light-transmitting material, and the light emitted in the direction of the anti-leakage layer 2333 is transmitted through the connecting layer 2332 and then reflected back to the diffractive layer 2331 by the anti-leakage layer 2333 to be diffracted by the diffractive layer 2331 and then exit into the second waveguide 231 .
  • FIG. 8 shows the reflectance of the light leakage preventing layer 2333 to the primary color light R. As shown in FIG.
  • the second waveguide 231 is also used for guiding the primary color light R after twice diffraction to the first waveguide module 22 .
  • the first waveguide module 22 is used to guide the primary color light R, the primary color light G, and the primary color light B after twice diffraction as the second image light L2 to the human eye 40 to display an AR image.
  • the primary color light R is diffracted by the second waveguide module 23 .
  • the coupling grating 222 also has a certain diffraction effect on the primary color light R, but the coupling grating 222 has a certain diffraction effect on the primary color light G and the primary color light R.
  • the diffraction efficiency of the light B is much greater than that of the primary color light R. Therefore, the diffraction effect of the coupling-in grating 222 on the primary color light R is negligible.
  • the display system 20 in this embodiment can achieve all the beneficial effects of the display system 10 in the first embodiment.
  • the number of primary color lights to be guided by each waveguide module is reduced, and each waveguide module has a better reflection effect on the primary color light guided by it, which is conducive to improving the first
  • the color uniformity of the second image light L2 is also beneficial to increase the field of view of the second image light L2.
  • FIG. 9 is mainly used to illustrate the overall structure of the display system 30, and the specific structure of the waveguide module is not shown
  • the display system 30 of this embodiment is basically the same as the display system 20 of the second embodiment, and the two The main difference is that the display system 30 includes three waveguide modules. The following mainly describes the differences between the third embodiment and the second embodiment.
  • the display system 30 includes a microdisplay 31 , a first waveguide module 32 , a second waveguide module 33 and a third waveguide module 34 .
  • the first waveguide module 32 , the second waveguide module 33 and the third waveguide module 34 are stacked in sequence, and the first waveguide module 32 is closer to the microdisplay 31 than the third waveguide module 34 .
  • the display system 30 further includes a glass frame 35 .
  • the glass frame 35 is located on the periphery of the first waveguide module 32 , the second waveguide module 33 and the third waveguide module 34 , and is used for fixing the first waveguide module 32 , the second waveguide module 33 and the third waveguide module 34 , so as to keep the positions of the first waveguide module 32 , the second waveguide module 33 and the third waveguide module 34 from being displaced from each other.
  • the glass frame 35 has a bearing portion 351 and a bearing portion 352 which are parallel to each other. The bearing portion 351 protrudes between the first waveguide module 32 and the second waveguide module 33 .
  • the thickness of the bearing portion 351 itself creates an air gap 36 between the first waveguide module 32 and the second waveguide module 33 .
  • the bearing portion 352 protrudes between the second waveguide module 33 and the third waveguide module 34 .
  • the thickness of the bearing portion 352 itself creates an air gap 37 between the second waveguide module 33 and the third waveguide module 34 .
  • the air gaps 36 and 37 are less than 0.1 mm wide.
  • the microdisplay 31 is used for emitting the first image light L1.
  • the first waveguide module 32, the second waveguide module 33 and the third waveguide module 34 are located on the optical path of the first image light L1, and are used for receiving and modulating the first image light L1 to generate a second image light L2 and exit.
  • the second image light L2 may be directed into the human eye 40 to show the AR image to the user.
  • the first image light L1 includes three primary color lights with different wavelengths.
  • the three primary color lights include: primary color light R (red light), primary color light G (green light), and primary color light B (blue light).
  • the first waveguide module 32 is used to modulate the primary color light B in the first image light L1.
  • the second waveguide module 33 is used to modulate the primary color light G in the first image light L1.
  • the third waveguide module 34 is used to modulate the primary color light R in the first image light L1.
  • the first waveguide module 32 includes a first waveguide 321 , an in-coupling grating 322 and an out-coupling grating 323 disposed on the same side of the second waveguide 321 .
  • the microdisplay 31 is located on the side of the waveguide 321 away from the coupling-in grating 322 and the coupling-out grating 323 .
  • the first waveguide 321 is used to receive and guide the first image light L1 to the coupling-in grating 322 .
  • the coupling-in grating 322 is used for the first diffraction of the primary color light B in the first image light L1.
  • the first waveguide 321 and the coupling-in grating 322 are also used to transmit the primary color light G and the primary color light R in the first image light L1.
  • the primary color light B diffracted by the coupling-in grating 322 is incident on the first waveguide 321 , is totally reflected multiple times in the first waveguide 321 , and is guided to the coupling-out grating 323 by the first waveguide 321 .
  • the outcoupling grating 323 includes a diffractive layer 3231 , a connection layer 3232 and an anti-leakage layer 3233 which are stacked in sequence.
  • the diffractive layer 3231 is closer to the first waveguide 321 than the light leakage prevention layer 3233 .
  • the diffractive layer 3231 is used for the second diffraction of the received primary color light B. Of the primary color light B incident on the diffractive layer 3231 , a part of the light is guided back into the first waveguide 321 after being diffracted for the second time, and another part of the light may exit from a direction toward the light leakage prevention layer 3233 .
  • connection layer 3232 is a light-transmitting material, and the light emitted in the direction of the anti-leakage layer 3233 is transmitted through the connection layer 3232 and then reflected back to the diffraction layer 3231 by the anti-leakage layer 3233 to be diffracted by the diffraction layer 3231 and then emitted into the first waveguide 321 .
  • the first waveguide 321 is also used for emitting the primary color light B after being diffracted twice.
  • the second waveguide module 33 includes a second waveguide 331 , an in-coupling grating 332 and an out-coupling grating 333 disposed on the same side of the second waveguide 331 .
  • the second waveguide 331 is used for receiving the primary color light G and the primary color light R transmitted from the first waveguide module 32 , and for guiding the primary color light G and the primary color light R to the coupling-in grating 332 .
  • the coupling-in grating 332 is used for the first diffraction of the primary color light G, and is also used for transmitting the primary color light R. As shown in FIG.
  • the primary color light G diffracted by the coupling-in grating 332 enters the second waveguide 331 , is totally reflected multiple times in the second waveguide 331 , and is guided to the coupling-out grating 333 by the second waveguide 331 .
  • the outcoupling grating 333 includes a diffractive layer 3331 , a connection layer 3332 and an anti-leakage layer 3333 that are stacked in sequence.
  • the diffractive layer 3331 is closer to the second waveguide 331 than the anti-leakage layer 3333 .
  • the diffractive layer 3331 is used to perform the second diffraction on the received primary color light G. Of the primary color light G incident on the diffractive layer 3331 , a part of the light is guided back into the second waveguide 331 after being diffracted for the second time, and another part of the light may exit from a direction toward the light leakage prevention layer 3333 .
  • the connecting layer 3332 is a light-transmitting material, and the light emitted in the direction of the anti-leakage layer 3333 is transmitted through the connecting layer 3332 and then reflected back to the diffractive layer 3331 by the anti-leakage layer 3333 to be diffracted by the diffractive layer 3331 and then exit into the second waveguide 331 .
  • the third waveguide module 34 includes a third waveguide 341 , an in-coupling grating 342 and an out-coupling grating 343 disposed on the same side of the third waveguide 341 .
  • the third waveguide 341 is used for receiving the primary color light R transmitted from the second waveguide module 33 and for guiding the primary color light R to the coupling-in grating 342 .
  • the coupling-in grating 342 is used for the first diffraction of the primary color light R. As shown in FIG.
  • the primary color light R diffracted by the coupling-in grating 342 is incident on the third waveguide 341 , is totally reflected multiple times in the third waveguide 341 , and is guided to the coupling-out grating 343 by the third waveguide 341 .
  • the outcoupling grating 343 includes a diffractive layer 3431 , a connection layer 3432 and an anti-leakage layer 3433 stacked in sequence.
  • the diffractive layer 3431 is closer to the third waveguide 341 than the anti-leakage layer 3433 .
  • the diffractive layer 3431 is used for the second diffraction of the received primary color light R. Of the primary color light R incident on the diffractive layer 3431 , a part of the light is guided back into the third waveguide 341 after being diffracted for the second time, and another part of the light may exit from a direction toward the light leakage prevention layer 3433 .
  • the connecting layer 3432 is a light-transmitting material, and the light emitted in the direction of the anti-leakage layer 3433 is transmitted through the connecting layer 3432 and then reflected back to the diffractive layer 3431 by the anti-leakage layer 3433 to be diffracted by the diffractive layer 3431 and then exit into the third waveguide 341 .
  • the second waveguide 331 is also used for guiding the primary color light G after twice diffraction to the first waveguide module 32 .
  • the third waveguide 331 is also used to guide the primary color light R after twice diffraction to the first waveguide module 32 .
  • the first waveguide module 32 is used to guide the primary color light R, the primary color light G, and the primary color light B after being diffracted twice as the second image light L2 to the human eye 40 to display an AR image.
  • the first waveguide module 32 diffracts the primary color light B and transmits the primary color light G and R; the second waveguide module 33 diffracts the primary color light G and transmits the primary color light R; The three-waveguide module 34 diffracts.
  • the coupling grating 322 when the primary color light G and the primary color light R pass through the coupling grating 322 in the first waveguide module 32, the coupling grating 322 also has a certain diffraction effect on the primary color light G and the primary color light R, but the coupling grating 322 also has a certain diffraction effect on the primary color light G and the primary color light R.
  • the diffraction efficiency of the grating 322 for the primary color light B is much greater than the diffraction efficiency for the primary color light G and the primary color light B. Therefore, the diffraction effect of the coupling grating 322 on the primary color light G and the primary color light R can be ignored.
  • the coupling grating 332 also has a certain diffraction effect on the primary color light R, but the diffraction efficiency of the coupling grating 332 for the primary color light G is much greater than that for the primary color light G. Diffraction efficiency of primary color light G. Therefore, the diffraction effect of the coupling grating 332 on the primary color light R is also negligible.
  • the display system 30 in this embodiment can achieve all the beneficial effects of the display system 20 in the second embodiment.
  • the number of primary color lights to be guided by each waveguide module is further reduced, and each waveguide module has a better reflection effect on the primary color light guided by it, which is beneficial to Further improving the color uniformity of the second image light L2 is also beneficial to further increase the field of view of the second image light L2.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un module de guide d'ondes (12), comprenant un guide d'ondes (121), un réseau de couplage (122), et un réseau de découplage (123), le guide d'ondes (121) étant utilisé pour recevoir une première lumière d'image (L1) et guider celle-ci vers le réseau de couplage (122); le réseau de couplage (122) est disposé sur le guide d'ondes (121), et utilisé pour diffracter la première lumière d'image (L1) et guider la première lumière d'image (L1) au guide d'ondes (121); le guide d'ondes (121) est en outre utilisé pour guider la première lumière d'image (L1) au réseau de découplage (123); le réseau de découplage (123) est disposé sur le guide d'ondes (121), et le réseau de découplage (123) comprend une couche de diffraction (1231), une couche de liaison (1232), et une couche de prévention de fuite de lumière (1233); la couche de diffraction (1231) est disposée de manière fixe sur une surface du guide d'ondes (121) et utilisée pour diffracter une partie de la première lumière d'image (L1); la couche de liaison (1232) est située entre la couche de diffraction (1231) et la couche de prévention de fuite de lumière (1233), et est utilisée pour connecter de manière fixe la couche de diffraction (1231) et la couche de prévention de fuite de lumière (1233); la couche de prévention de fuite de lumière (1233) est située sur un côté de la couche de liaison (1232) qui est éloignée du guide d'ondes (121), et est utilisée pour réfléchir une autre partie de la première lumière d'image (L1), de telle sorte que l'autre partie de la première lumière d'image (L1) est diffractée par la couche de diffraction (1231) puis émise vers le guide d'ondes (121); et le guide d'ondes (121) est en outre utilisé pour émettre la première lumière d'image diffractée (L1) en tant que seconde lumière d'image (L2), et la seconde lumière d'image (L2) est utilisée pour afficher une image de réalité augmentée. L'invention concerne en outre un système d'affichage (10).
PCT/CN2021/140976 2021-01-29 2021-12-23 Module de guide d'ondes et système d'affichage WO2022161056A1 (fr)

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