WO2022160694A1 - 一种具有高捕渣率的两段气化炉及废锅系统 - Google Patents

一种具有高捕渣率的两段气化炉及废锅系统 Download PDF

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WO2022160694A1
WO2022160694A1 PCT/CN2021/114649 CN2021114649W WO2022160694A1 WO 2022160694 A1 WO2022160694 A1 WO 2022160694A1 CN 2021114649 W CN2021114649 W CN 2021114649W WO 2022160694 A1 WO2022160694 A1 WO 2022160694A1
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fly ash
stage
stage gasifier
waste boiler
cyclone separator
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PCT/CN2021/114649
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
樊强
许世森
贾会林
任永强
陶继业
刘刚
李小宇
刘沅
陈智
王鹏杰
罗丽珍
杨萍
丁盛
Original Assignee
中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司
华能集团技术创新中心有限公司
中国华能集团有限公司华北分公司
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Publication of WO2022160694A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022160694A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
    • C10J2300/1628—Ash post-treatment
    • C10J2300/1631—Ash recycling

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a gasifier system, in particular to a two-stage gasifier and waste boiler system with high slag capture rate.
  • Coal gasification is an important process technology in the field of IGCC power generation and coal chemical industry.
  • the two-stage gasifier and the waste boiler are usually integrated, and the slag capture rate is about 60%.
  • the ash-containing syngas produced by the gasifier directly enters the waste boiler through the conduit section, however, the syngas produced by the two-stage gasifier carries fly ash with about 40% of the coal ash into the waste boiler, which is easy to cause
  • the heat exchange area in the waste boiler is blocked by dust. Long-term use will seriously affect the heat exchange effect of the heat exchange surface. Therefore, the design margin of the heat exchange area of the boiler is large, resulting in increased cost and increased equipment volume, which seriously affects the gas promotion and application.
  • the purpose of the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, and to provide a two-stage gasifier and a waste boiler system with a high slag capture rate.
  • the wear of the waste boiler also greatly increases the slag capture rate of the two-stage gasifier.
  • a two-stage gasifier and waste boiler system with high slag capture rate comprising a two-stage gasifier, a cyclone separator and a waste boiler;
  • the side wall of the two-stage gasifier is provided with a chilled gas nozzle, a second-stage coal burner, a fly ash nozzle and a first-stage coal burner in sequence from top to bottom, and the syngas outlet of the two-stage gasifier and a cyclone separator
  • the inlet of the cyclone is communicated with the inlet of the cyclone
  • the top outlet of the cyclone is communicated with the inlet of the waste pot
  • the bottom outlet of the cyclone is communicated with the fly ash nozzle through the fly ash returner.
  • the two-stage gasifier and waste boiler system further comprises a high-pressure nitrogen input pipeline, wherein the high-pressure nitrogen input pipeline is communicated with the inlet of the fly ash returner.
  • the two-stage gasifier and waste boiler system further includes a synthesis gas output pipeline, wherein the synthesis gas output pipeline communicates with the outlet of the waste boiler.
  • the two-stage gasifier and the waste boiler system further include a slag water output pipeline, the bottom of the two-stage gasifier is provided with a slag water outlet, and the slag water output pipeline communicates with the slag water outlet.
  • a first valve is provided at the slag water outlet at the bottom of the two-stage gasifier.
  • a second valve is provided on the high pressure nitrogen output pipeline.
  • the syngas produced by the two-stage gasifier enters the cyclone for dedusting to remove the dust of the syngas, and then enters the waste boiler for heat exchange, and the syngas after heat exchange passes through
  • the syngas output pipeline is discharged, and the fly ash output from the bottom of the cyclone enters the fly ash returner, and then the high pressure nitrogen output from the high pressure nitrogen input pipeline is sent to the fly ash nozzle, and finally injected into the two-stage type through the fly ash nozzle. in the gasifier.
  • the two-stage gasifier and the waste boiler are separated, and the two-stage gasifier and the waste boiler are located between the two-stage gasifier and the waste boiler.
  • a cyclone separator is installed to remove 60-70% of the fly ash in the synthesis gas through the cyclone separator, and then enter the waste boiler, which can effectively reduce the ash in the heat exchange area, and at the same time greatly increase the heat exchange effect of the waste boiler, thereby reducing waste
  • the design area of the heat exchange surface in the boiler reduces the size of the equipment, and at the same time reduces the load of the subsequent ash removal system, greatly reduces the size of the ash removal system equipment and the amount of backflushing nitrogen, saves investment and low energy consumption.
  • fly ash separated by the cyclone is returned to the first stage of the reaction chamber, and the carbon residue in the fly ash is completely reacted and the carbon conversion rate is increased, and 60% of the returned fly ash enters the slag pool in the form of slag.
  • the bottom of the furnace is discharged, which greatly improves the slag capture rate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the application.
  • 1 is a two-stage gasifier
  • 2 is a cyclone separator
  • 3 is a waste boiler
  • 4 is a chilled gas nozzle
  • 5 is a second-stage coal burner
  • 6 is a fly ash nozzle
  • 7 is a first-stage coal burner
  • 8 For fly ash returner.
  • the two-stage gasifier and waste boiler system with high slag capture rate described in this application includes a two-stage gasifier 1, a cyclone 2 and a waste boiler 3;
  • the side walls are sequentially provided with chilled gas nozzles 4, second-stage coal burners 5, fly ash nozzles 6 and first-stage coal burners 7, the synthesis gas outlet of the two-stage gasifier 1 and the cyclone separator 2.
  • the inlet is communicated, the top outlet of the cyclone separator 2 is communicated with the inlet of the waste pot 3, and the bottom outlet of the cyclone separator 2 is communicated with the fly ash nozzle 6 through the fly ash returner 8.
  • the present application also includes a high-pressure nitrogen input pipeline, wherein the high-pressure nitrogen input pipeline is communicated with the inlet of the fly ash returner 8 .
  • the present application also includes a synthesis gas output pipeline, wherein the synthesis gas output pipeline is communicated with the outlet of the waste boiler 3 .
  • the present application also includes a slag water output pipeline, the bottom of the two-stage gasifier 1 is provided with a slag water outlet, and the slag water output pipeline is communicated with the slag water outlet.
  • a first valve is provided at the slag water outlet at the bottom of the two-stage gasifier 1 .
  • a second valve is arranged on the high-pressure nitrogen output pipeline.
  • the synthesis gas generated by the two-stage gasifier 1 enters the cyclone separator 2 for dust removal to remove the dust of the synthesis gas, and then enters the waste boiler 3 for heat exchange, thereby greatly reducing the heat exchange surface in the waste boiler 3. Wear and ash blockage, the heat-exchanged synthesis gas is discharged through the synthesis gas output pipeline, the fly ash output from the bottom of the cyclone separator 2 enters the fly ash returner 8, and then the high-pressure nitrogen output from the high-pressure nitrogen input pipeline is sent into the The fly ash nozzle 6 is finally injected into the two-stage gasifier 1 through the fly ash nozzle 6 .
  • this application separates the two-stage gasifier 1 and the waste boiler 3, and at the same time, a cyclone separator 2 is arranged between the two-stage gasifier 1 and the waste boiler 3, and the syngas is removed through the cyclone separator 2 60-70% of the fly ash in the waste boiler 3, and then enter the waste boiler 3, which effectively reduces the ash accumulation and wear, and at the same time greatly increases the heat exchange effect of the waste boiler 3, thereby reducing the design area of the heat exchange surface in the waste boiler 3. Reduce equipment size, save investment, and long service life of equipment.
  • the fly ash separated by the cyclone is returned to the first stage of the reaction chamber, and the carbon residue in the fly ash is completely reacted to increase the carbon conversion rate.
  • 60% of the returned fly ash enters the slag pool in the form of slag.
  • the bottom of the gasifier 1 is discharged, and the slag capture rate is greatly improved. After calculation, the slag capture rate can be increased from 60% to more than 85%.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种具有高捕渣率的两段气化炉及废锅系统，包括两段式气化炉、旋风分离器及废锅；两段式气化炉的侧壁上自上到下依次设置有激冷气喷嘴、二段煤烧嘴、飞灰喷嘴及一段煤烧嘴，两段式气化炉的合成气出口与旋风分离器的入口相连通，旋风分离器的顶部出口与废锅的入口相连通，旋风分离器的底部出口经飞灰返料器与飞灰喷嘴相连通，该系统中废锅的换热面不易堵塞，避免了飞灰对废锅的磨损。此外极大的增加了两段式气化炉的捕渣率。

Description

一种具有高捕渣率的两段气化炉及废锅系统 技术领域
本申请涉及一种气化炉系统，具体涉及一种具有高捕渣率的两段气化炉及废锅系统。
背景技术
煤气化是IGCC发电领域以及煤化工的重要工艺技术，在IGCC煤气化废锅工艺中，两段式气化炉与废锅通常为一个整体，捕渣率约为60％。气化炉产生的含灰合成气通过导管段直接进入废锅中，然而两段式气化炉产生的合成气中携带了煤灰分约40％的飞灰进入到废锅中，这样很容易造成废锅中换热面积尘而堵塞，长期使用，会严重的影响换热面的换热效果，因此锅炉的换热面积设计余量较大，导致成本升高，设备体积增大，严重影响煤气化的推广及应用。此外，合成气中的飞灰颗粒在高速流过废锅时会对换热面造成冲刷磨损，长期运行将导致壁面的厚度减薄，丧失其原有的设计性能，甚至发生爆管的可能，对设备的正常安全运行构成了潜在威胁。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供了一种具有高捕渣率的两段气化炉及废锅系统，该系统中废锅的换热面不易堵塞，避免了飞灰对废锅的磨损，此外极大的增加了两段式气化炉的捕渣率。
为达到上述目的，根据本申请的一个方面，提供一种具有高捕渣率的两段气化炉及废锅系统包括两段式气化炉、旋风分离器及废锅；
两段式气化炉的侧壁上自上到下依次设置有激冷气喷嘴、二段煤烧嘴、飞灰喷嘴及一段煤烧嘴，两段式气化炉的合成气出口与旋风分离器的入口相连通，旋风分离器的顶部出口与废锅的入口相连通，旋风分离器的底部出口经飞灰返料器与飞灰喷嘴相连通。
优选地，两段气化炉及废锅系统还包括高压氮气输入管道，其中，高压氮气输入管道与飞灰返料器的入口相连通。
优选地，两段气化炉及废锅系统还包括合成气输出管道，其中，合成气输出管道与废锅的出口相连通。
优选地，两段气化炉及废锅系统还包括渣水输出管道，两段式气化炉的底部设置有渣水出口，渣水输出管道与渣水出口相连通。
优选地，两段式气化炉底部的渣水出口处设置有第一阀门。
优选地，高压氮气输出管道上设置有第二阀门。
优选地，在工作时，两段式气化炉产生的合成气进入到旋风分离器中进行除尘，以去除合成气的灰尘，然后进入到废锅中进行换热，换热后的合成气经合成气输出管道排出，旋风分离器底部输出的飞灰进入到飞灰返料器中，然后经高压氮气输入管道输出的高压氮气送入飞灰喷嘴中，最后经飞灰喷嘴喷入两段式气化炉中。
本申请具有以下有益效果：
本申请所述的具有高捕渣率的两段气化炉及废锅系统在具体操作时，将两段式气化炉与废锅分开，同时在两段式气化炉与废锅之间设置 旋风分离器，通过旋风分离器除去合成气中60-70％的飞灰，然后再进入废锅，有效减少换热面积灰，同时使废锅的换热效果大幅度增加，从而减小废锅中换热面的设计面积，降低设备尺寸，同时降低了后续除灰系统的负荷，大大减小除灰系统设备尺寸和反吹氮气用量，节省投资，能耗低。此外，旋风分离下来的飞灰返回一段反应室，将飞灰中的残碳彻底反应完全，增加碳转化率，而这部分返回的飞灰有60％以渣的形式进入渣池，从气化炉底部排出，大幅提高捕渣率。
附图说明
图1为本申请的结构示意图。
其中，1为两段式气化炉、2为旋风分离器、3为废锅、4为激冷气喷嘴、5为二段煤烧嘴、6为飞灰喷嘴、7为一段煤烧嘴、8为飞灰返料器。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本申请做进一步详细描述：
参考图1，本申请所述的具有高捕渣率的两段气化炉及废锅系统包括两段式气化炉1、旋风分离器2及废锅3；两段式气化炉1的侧壁上自上到下依次设置有激冷气喷嘴4、二段煤烧嘴5、飞灰喷嘴6及一段煤烧嘴7，两段式气化炉1的合成气出口与旋风分离器2的入口相连通，旋风分离器2的顶部出口与废锅3的入口相连通，旋风分离器2的底部出口经飞灰返料器8与飞灰喷嘴6相连通。
进一步，本申请还包括高压氮气输入管道，其中，高压氮气输入管道与飞灰返料器8的入口相连通。
进一步，本申请还包括合成气输出管道，其中，合成气输出管道与废锅3的出口相连通。
进一步，本申请还包括渣水输出管道，两段式气化炉1的底部设置有渣水出口，渣水输出管道与渣水出口相连通。
进一步，两段式气化炉1底部的渣水出口处设置有第一阀门。
进一步，高压氮气输出管道上设置有第二阀门。
本申请的具体工作过程为：
两段式气化炉1产生的合成气进入到旋风分离器2中进行除尘，以去除合成气的灰尘，然后进入到废锅3中进行换热，从而大幅降低废锅3中换热面的磨损和积灰堵塞，换热后的合成气经合成气输出管道排出，旋风分离器2底部输出的飞灰进入到飞灰返料器8中，然后经高压氮气输入管道输出的高压氮气送入飞灰喷嘴6中，最后经飞灰喷嘴6喷入两段式气化炉1中。
需要说明的是，本申请将两段式气化炉1与废锅3分开，同时在两段式气化炉1与废锅3之间设置旋风分离器2，通过旋风分离器2除去合成气中60-70％的飞灰，然后再进入废锅3，有效减少积灰和磨损，同时使废锅3的换热效果大幅度增加，从而减小废锅3中换热面的设计面积，降低设备尺寸，节省投资，设备使用寿命长。
同时旋风分离下来的飞灰返回一段反应室，将飞灰中的残碳彻底反应完全，增加碳转化率，此外这部分返回的飞灰有60％以渣的形式进入 渣池，然后从两段式气化炉1底部排出，大幅提高捕渣率，经计算，可以将捕渣率从60％提高到85％以上。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种具有高捕渣率的两段气化炉及废锅系统，其特征在于，包括两段式气化炉(1)、旋风分离器(2)及废锅(3)；
    两段式气化炉(1)的侧壁上自上到下依次设置有激冷气喷嘴(4)、二段煤烧嘴(5)、飞灰喷嘴(6)及一段煤烧嘴(7)，两段式气化炉(1)的合成气出口与旋风分离器(2)的入口相连通，旋风分离器(2)的顶部出口与废锅(3)的入口相连通，旋风分离器(2)的底部出口经飞灰返料器(8)与飞灰喷嘴(6)相连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的分离式两段气化炉及废锅系统，其特征在于，还包括高压氮气输入管道，其中，高压氮气输入管道与飞灰返料器(8)的入口相连通。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的分离式两段气化炉及废锅系统，其特征在于，还包括合成气输出管道，其中，合成气输出管道与废锅(3)的出口相连通。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的分离式两段气化炉及废锅系统，其特征在于，还包括渣水输出管道，两段式气化炉(1)的底部设置有渣水出口，渣水输出管道与渣水出口相连通。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的分离式两段气化炉及废锅系统，其特征在于，两段式气化炉(1)底部的渣水出口处设置有第一阀门。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的分离式两段气化炉及废锅系统，其特征在于，高压氮气输出管道上设置有第二阀门。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的分离式两段气化炉及废锅系统，其特征在于，在工作时，两段式气化炉(1)产生的合成气进入到旋风分离器(2)中进行除尘，以去除合成气的灰尘，然后进入到废锅(3)中进行换热， 换热后的合成气经合成气输出管道排出，旋风分离器(2)底部输出的飞灰进入到飞灰返料器(8)中，然后经高压氮气输入管道输出的高压氮气送入飞灰喷嘴(6)中，最后经飞灰喷嘴(6)喷入两段式气化炉(1)中。
PCT/CN2021/114649 2021-01-26 2021-08-26 一种具有高捕渣率的两段气化炉及废锅系统 WO2022160694A1 (zh)

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