WO2022156747A1 - 深静脉穿刺组件及深静脉穿刺针套件 - Google Patents

深静脉穿刺组件及深静脉穿刺针套件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022156747A1
WO2022156747A1 PCT/CN2022/073011 CN2022073011W WO2022156747A1 WO 2022156747 A1 WO2022156747 A1 WO 2022156747A1 CN 2022073011 W CN2022073011 W CN 2022073011W WO 2022156747 A1 WO2022156747 A1 WO 2022156747A1
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Prior art keywords
puncture
deep vein
cannula
self
needle
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PCT/CN2022/073011
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曾凯
杨瑞芝
吴晓丹
梁敏
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福建医科大学附属第一医院
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Publication of WO2022156747A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022156747A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/158—Needles for infusions; Accessories therefor, e.g. for inserting infusion needles, or for holding them on the body

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a medical instrument, in particular to a deep vein puncture assembly and a deep vein puncture needle kit.
  • Venipuncture catheterization is one of the methods commonly used in clinical practice for intravenous infusion.
  • large veins such as the subclavian vein, internal jugular vein, and femoral vein are selected for puncture and cannulation.
  • the specific steps are as follows: firstly, the patient's body is placed, and the puncture point is selected; then, a disinfection area is established, local disinfection is performed according to aseptic operation procedures, and surgical towels are laid; then deep vein puncture is performed.
  • a disposable puncture needle When performing deep venipuncture, a disposable puncture needle should be used to puncture the vein, observe the blood returning, and after confirming that the blood is returning smoothly, fix the puncture needle, hold the guide wire through the guide wire barrel to insert the guide wire, and withdraw the puncture needle; then insert it along the guide wire. Expand the skin needle, widen the puncture channel and withdraw the skin expander needle; then insert the deep venous catheter along the guide wire, and finally withdraw the guide wire.
  • a spreading needle withdraw the spreading needle, insert a catheter, and withdraw the guide wire, the steps are cumbersome and affect the efficiency. Operation errors occur, causing complications and bringing certain risks to the life safety of patients.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a deep vein puncture assembly and a deep vein puncture needle set.
  • the puncture process of the component is more efficient and the operation safety is higher.
  • the assembly includes: a puncture needle, which is a hollow needle; and a puncture sleeve, which is provided with a self-sealing opening, and the puncture needle extends from the self-sealing opening penetrate into the puncture cannula, so that the distal section of the puncture cannula located at the far side of the self-sealing opening is sleeved on the puncture needle, and the puncture cannula is located in the self-sealing opening
  • the proximal proximal section is used for communication with the infusion catheter.
  • the portion of the puncture cannula provided with the self-sealing aperture is made of butyl rubber.
  • the self-sealing opening of the puncture cannula is a one-way valve that can be opened to the inside of the puncture cannula.
  • a through hole is formed on the wall of the puncture cannula near the distal end of the puncture cannula.
  • the distal end of the puncture needle is provided with a beveled surface, and the proximal end of the beveled surface extends beyond the tip of the distal section of the puncture cannula by a distance of less than 1 mm.
  • the self-sealing aperture is spaced from the distal end of the puncture cannula by a distance of 4-20 cm.
  • the self-sealing aperture is spaced from the distal end of the puncture cannula by a distance of 6-15 cm.
  • At least two longitudinally extending channels are provided in the puncture cannula, and the self-sealing aperture is provided on an outer wall of one of the at least two channels.
  • the end of the puncture needle proximal to the puncture cannula is connected to the connecting portion.
  • the at least two channels of the puncture cannula are respectively connected to at least two infusion catheters.
  • the distal outer diameter of the puncture cannula tapers toward the distal end to be the same as the inner diameter of the puncture cannula.
  • the present invention also provides a deep vein puncture needle kit, comprising the deep vein puncture assembly and the syringe according to any one of the preceding claims,
  • the syringe includes a syringe barrel, a plunger and an injection rod
  • the injection end of the syringe barrel is connected with the connecting part of the puncture needle at the proximal side of the puncture sleeve, so that the injection cavity of the syringe barrel is is in fluid communication with the hollow passage of the puncture needle, and the other end of the syringe is closed by the plunger, the plunger is connected with the injection rod and is slidably disposed in the syringe and relative to the syringe The syringe barrel is sealed.
  • a catheter is provided in the syringe, the distal end of the catheter passes through the injection end of the syringe barrel and is sealed and fixed relative to the injection end, and the proximal section of the catheter passes through in turn
  • the plunger and the through hole in the injection rod can be sealingly slidable relative to the through hole, so that the channel in the catheter communicates with the hollow channel of the puncture needle.
  • a through hole is formed on the tube wall of the conduit located in the injection cavity near the injection end.
  • the proximal section of the catheter or the proximal end of the through hole of the injection rod is provided with a one-way valve that can be opened distally.
  • the present invention simplifies the puncturing process, and simplifies the prior art steps of puncturing - placing a guide wire - expanding the skin - placing an infusion catheter into a puncturing - pushing the catheter, so as to avoid possible puncture during the operation. It can improve the success rate of puncture and effectively reduce the operation time in case of point displacement, guide wire prolapse, and excessive skin expansion.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a deep vein puncture assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is the enlarged view of partial position A in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is another variation of the puncture cannula in partial position A of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is the sectional view of B-B in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 is the structural representation of another modification of partial position C in Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a deep vein puncture assembly including a syringe according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another modification of the syringe according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the assembly includes a puncture needle 1 , a puncture cannula 2 and an infusion catheter 3 .
  • the puncture needle 1 is a hollow needle.
  • the puncture cannula 2 is provided with a self-sealing opening 4 , and the puncture needle 1 penetrates into the puncture cannula 2 through the self-sealing opening 4 .
  • the distal section 21 of the puncture cannula 2 at the distal side of the self-sealing opening 4 is sleeved on the puncture needle 1 , and the proximal section 22 of the puncture cannula 2 located near the self-sealing opening 4 is communicated with the infusion catheter 3 .
  • the part of the puncture cannula 2 provided with the self-sealing opening 4 can be made of a self-sealing material such as butyl rubber, or it can be a one-way valve that can only be opened toward the inside of the puncture cannula 2, so that the puncture needle 1 can pass through.
  • the one-way valve penetrates into the puncture cannula 2, so that the puncture cannula 2 is sleeved on the puncture needle 1, and when the puncture needle 1 is pulled out from the puncture cannula 2, the self-sealing opening 4 can be automatically sealed.
  • a channel sealed with respect to the outside is formed in the puncture cannula 2 .
  • the puncture needle 1 may be a hollow needle made of medical stainless steel, or may be made of other materials.
  • the distal end of the puncture needle 1 is provided with a beveled surface, and the distal end of the beveled surface forms a tip so as to penetrate into the body tissue.
  • the interior of the puncture needle 1 has a hollow channel for liquid circulation.
  • the puncture needle 1 enters the puncture cannula 2 from the self-sealing opening 4 and extends in the puncture cannula 2 until the distal section 21 at the far side of the self-sealing opening 4 is sleeved on the puncture needle 1, wherein the puncture needle 1 is
  • the proximal end of the chamfered plane extends beyond the tip of the distal section 21 of the puncture cannula 2 .
  • the distance range of the proximal end of the chamfered surface of the puncture needle 1 beyond the tip end of the distal section 21 of the puncture cannula 2 is less than 1 mm. It should be understood, however, that this distance range can also be longer or shorter as required.
  • the puncture cannula is provided with a through hole 23 near its distal end, and the through hole 23 may be one or more, and the end of the puncture cannula encounters a wall or is not blocked smoothly At this time, the purpose of infusion can still be accomplished through the above-mentioned through hole 23 .
  • the proximal section 22 of the puncture cannula 2 located proximal to the self-sealing opening 4 communicates with the infusion catheter 3 .
  • the proximal end of the proximal section 22 of the puncture cannula 2 that is, the proximal end of the puncture cannula 2 is connected to the infusion catheter 3 .
  • the puncture cannula 2 is provided with two longitudinally extending channels.
  • the first channel 24 and the second channel 25 may be separated by a spacer 26 extending longitudinally along the length of the puncture cannula 2 , and the self-sealing aperture 4 may be provided in the first channel 24 . on the outer wall.
  • the puncture needle 1 enters the first channel 24 through the self-sealing opening 4 and does not puncture into the second channel 25 .
  • the self-sealing opening 4 can also be provided on the outer wall of the second channel 25 .
  • the puncture needle 1 enters the second channel 25 through the self-sealing opening 4 and does not puncture into the first channel 24 .
  • the first channel 24 and the second channel 25 can be respectively connected to two infusion catheters 3, at the proximal ends of the two infusion catheters 3, for example, corresponding infusion sources and blood pressure testing equipment, respectively, for infusion and pressure measurement, respectively.
  • one, three or more channels may also be provided in the puncture cannula 2, which is not limited here.
  • the channel of the puncture cannula 2 can be directly formed integrally with the infusion catheter 3 or connected through the infusion joint 5 .
  • a fixing button 6 is provided on the outer casing of the puncture cannula 2 and the infusion catheter 3, and the fixing button 6 can be fixed to the skin by means of sutures or applicators.
  • the fixed position is preferably at the junction of the puncture cannula 2 and the skin puncture point, but is not limited to the exposed skin portion of the puncture cannula 2 and the infusion catheter 3 .
  • Fixing with the fixing button 6 can prevent the catheter from shaking, coming out or twisting and thus affecting the infusion.
  • a connector 31 is provided at the proximal end of the infusion catheter 3, and different working equipment, such as an infusion source, a blood pressure measurement device, etc., can be connected by using the connector 31.
  • the joint 31 can also be sealingly blocked when left unused.
  • the distal section 21 of the puncture cannula 2 is then slowly moved distally into the deep vein for a small distance, and then the puncture cannula is inserted into the deep vein. 2 While continuing to feed into the deep vein, slowly withdraw the puncture needle 1 toward the proximal side. After indwelling a suitable distance, it can be covered by the fixing button 6 on the exposed part of the infusion catheter 3 or the puncture cannula 2, preferably between the puncture cannula 2 and the skin. The junction of the puncture point, but not limited to the exposed skin part of the puncture cannula 2 and the infusion catheter 3 .
  • the deep vein puncture assembly of the embodiment of the present invention simplifies the puncture process, and simplifies the steps of puncture-insertion-guide wire-skin expansion-insertion catheter placement in the prior art into puncture-push catheter, avoiding possible puncture points during the operation. Unfavorable conditions such as displacement, guide wire prolapse, and excessive skin expansion can improve the success rate of puncture and effectively reduce the operation time.
  • the distance between the distal end of the puncture cannula 2 and the self-sealing opening 4 is 4-20 cm, preferably 6-15 cm.
  • the proximal end of the puncture cannula 2 is spaced from the self-sealing opening 4 by a distance of 10-15 cm, preferably 12 cm.
  • the self-sealing opening 4 of the puncture cannula 2 may be a hole or a one-way valve formed in a self-sealing material.
  • the self-sealing opening 4 will prevent the liquid in the puncture cannula 2 from leaking out of the tube from there, thereby A self-sealing structure is formed.
  • the part of the puncture cannula 2 provided with the self-sealing opening 4 can be made of butyl rubber material, and can also be made of other materials, which is not limited here. It should be noted that, during the entire injection operation, the position of the self-sealing opening 4 can be maintained outside the body or inside the body, which is not limited here.
  • the proximal end of the chamfered surface of the puncture needle 1 extends beyond the tip of the distal section of the puncture cannula 2 by less than 1 mm.
  • the outer diameter of the distal end of the puncture cannula 2 gradually shrinks and intersects with the inner surface of the puncture cannula 2 at the slight end, that is, its outer diameter gradually decreases to be the same as its inner diameter, and the inner diameter of the puncture cannula 2 can be set to be no smaller than the puncture needle. 1 outside diameter. It should be noted that the inner diameter of the distal section of the puncture cannula 2 and the outer diameter of the puncture needle 1 remain constant along the length thereof.
  • the puncture needle 1 When the puncture needle 1 enters the puncture cannula 2 and the proximal end of its distal chamfered surface exceeds the tip of the puncture cannula 2, since the outer diameter of the distal end of the puncture cannula 2 gradually shrinks to the same as its inner diameter, the puncture needle 1 and the puncture
  • the outer surface of the assembly composed of the cannula 2 is a continuous surface, which is convenient for the two to penetrate the deep vein together. After the puncture needle 1 enters the deep vein, it enters the skin together with the puncture cannula 2 . When the puncture is completed, manually push the puncture cannula 2 forward for a certain distance, and withdraw the puncture needle 1.
  • This operation will not drive the puncture cannula 2 to exit together. At this time, the puncture cannula 2 stays in the deep vein, so that the Subsequent injection operations can be continued.
  • This structure can effectively prevent the puncture needle from moving relative to the perforating catheter 2 during the process of entering the deep vein, and at the same time bring out the perforating catheter 2 in the process of reversely exiting the deep vein.
  • the structure is simple and the operation is convenient.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a deep vein puncture needle kit, as shown in FIG. 6 , the kit includes the deep vein puncture assembly according to the above embodiment, and also includes a syringe, the syringe includes a syringe barrel 8, a plunger 9, and a syringe.
  • the injection rod 10 and the injection end 81 of the injection barrel 8 are connected to the connecting part 7 of the puncture needle 1 which is located at the proximal side of the puncture cannula 2 .
  • the cylinder cavity 82 of the syringe 8 can be fluidly communicated with the hollow channel of the puncture needle 1, and the other end of the syringe 8 is closed by the plunger 9, which is fixedly connected to the injection rod 10 and can slide. It is disposed within the syringe barrel 8 and sealed relative to the syringe barrel 8 .
  • the deep vein puncture assembly of the embodiment of the present invention simplifies the puncture process, and simplifies the steps of puncture-insertion-guide wire-skin expansion-insertion catheter placement in the prior art into puncture-push catheter, avoiding possible puncture points during the operation. Unfavorable conditions such as displacement, guide wire prolapse, and excessive skin expansion can improve the success rate of puncture and effectively reduce the operation time.
  • a catheter 11 is also provided in the syringe, and the distal end of the catheter 11 passes through the injection end 81 of the syringe 8 and is sealedly fixed relative to the injection end 81 .
  • the proximal end in turn passes through a through hole in the plunger and injection rod and is sealingly slidable relative to the through hole to allow the plunger 9 and injection rod 10 to slide relative to the syringe 8 and catheter 11 .
  • the distal end of the catheter 11 and the proximal end of the puncture needle 1 can be connected to each other so that the channel in the catheter 11 communicates with the hollow channel of the puncture needle 1 .
  • a through hole 91 is formed on the tube wall of the catheter 11 located in the injection cavity 82 near the injection end 81.
  • the puncture needle 1 penetrates the deep vein, the returning blood can pass through the catheter 11 and enter the injection cavity 82 through the through hole 91, so that Operator observation.
  • the guide wire can be inserted into the hollow channel of the catheter 11 and the puncture needle 1, and the steps such as placing the catheter can be completed by the method of the prior art, which is used as an additional method of the embodiment of the present invention, so as to be used in the operation of the present invention.
  • the guide wire can still be inserted and the puncture method of the prior art can be used instead, avoiding re-puncturing and wasting rescue time.
  • This solution provides an alternative solution to meet special needs for guide wire placement.

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Abstract

一种深静脉穿刺组件及深静脉穿刺针套件。本组件包括：穿刺针（1），穿刺针（1）为中空针；以及穿刺套管（2），穿刺套管（2）上设有自密封开孔（4），穿刺针（1）从自密封开孔（4）穿入穿刺套管（2）内，使得穿刺套管（2）的位于自密封开孔（4）远侧的远段（21）套设在穿刺针（1）上，且穿刺套管（2）的位于自密封开孔（4）近侧的近段（22）用于与输液导管（3）连通。这是一种穿刺过程更加高效，操作安全性更高的深静脉穿刺组件。

Description

深静脉穿刺组件及深静脉穿刺针套件
相关申请交叉引用
本专利申请要求于2021年01月20日提交的、申请号为2021100742105、发明名称为“深静脉穿刺组件”的中国专利申请的优先权，上述申请的全文以引用的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医疗器械，具体是一种深静脉穿刺组件及深静脉穿刺针套件。
背景技术
静脉穿刺置管术是临床上常用于静脉输液的手段之一。通常选取锁骨下静脉，颈内静脉，股静脉等大静脉进行穿刺置管。具体的步骤如下，首先摆好病人体位，选取穿刺点；然后建立消毒区，根据无菌操作程序进行局部消毒，铺手术巾；接着进行深静脉穿刺。进行深静脉穿刺时应用一次性穿刺针穿刺静脉，观察回血，确认回血顺畅后，固定穿刺针，持导丝经置导丝针筒置入导丝，退出穿刺针；然后再沿导丝置入扩皮针，拓宽穿刺通道后将扩皮针退出；再沿导丝置入深静脉导管，最后退出导丝。在深静脉穿刺置管术中，由于需要置入导丝、扩皮针，退出扩皮针、置入导管和退出导丝的操作，步骤繁琐，影响效率，且上述操作由医师手动完成，容易出现操作失误，引起并发症，给患者的生命安全带来一定的风险。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种深静脉穿刺组件及深静脉穿刺针套件。本组件的穿刺过程更加高效，操作安全性更高。
为了解决上述技术问题，本组件包括：穿刺针，所述穿刺针为中空针；以及穿刺套管，所述穿刺套管上设有自密封开孔，所述穿刺针从所述自密封开孔穿入所述穿刺套管内，使得所述穿刺套管的位于所述自密封开孔远侧的远段套设在所述穿刺针上，且所述穿刺套管的位于所述自密封开孔近侧的近段用于与输液导管连通。
在一些实施例中，所述穿刺套管的设有自密封开孔的部分由丁基橡胶制成。
在一些实施例中，所述穿刺套管的自密封开孔为可向所述穿刺套管内侧打开 的单向阀。
在一些实施例中，所述穿刺套管的靠近所述穿刺套管的远端的管壁上开设有通孔。
在一些实施例中，所述穿刺针的远端设有斜切面，所述斜切面的近端延伸超出所述穿刺套管的所述远段的稍端的距离小于1mm。
在一些实施例中，所述自密封开孔与所述穿刺套管的远端间隔开的距离为4-20cm。
在一些实施例中，所述自密封开孔与所述穿刺套管的远端间隔开的距离为6-15cm。
在一些实施例中，所述穿刺套管内设有纵向延伸的至少两个通道，所述自密封开孔设置在所述至少两个通道中的一个的外壁上。
在一些实施例中，所述穿刺针的位于所述穿刺套管近侧的一端与连接部连接。
在一些实施例中，所述穿刺套管的所述至少两个通道分别与至少两个输液导管连接。
在一些实施例中，所述穿刺套管的远端外径朝向末端逐渐收缩至与所述穿刺套管的内径相同。
本发明还提供了一种深静脉穿刺针套件，包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的深静脉穿刺组件和注射器，
其中所述注射器包括注射筒、柱塞和注射杆，所述注射筒的注射端与所述穿刺针的位于所述穿刺套管近侧的所述连接部连接，使得所述注射筒的注射腔与所述穿刺针的中空通道流体连通，而所述注射筒的另一端由所述柱塞封闭，所述柱塞与所述注射杆连接并可滑动地设置在所述注射筒内并相对于所述注射筒密封。
在一些实施例中，所述注射器内设有导管，所述导管的远端穿过所述注射筒的所述注射端并相对于所述注射端密封固定，所述导管的近段依次穿过所述柱塞和所述注射杆内的贯通孔并可相对于所述贯通孔密封地滑动，使得所述导管内的通道与所述穿刺针的中空通道连通。
在一些实施例中，所述导管位于所述注射腔内靠近所述注射端的管壁上开设有通孔。
在一些实施例中，所述导管的所述近段内或所述注射杆的贯通孔的近端设置有可向远侧打开的单向阀。
相对于现有技术而言，本发明简化了穿刺过程，将现有技术的穿刺-置导丝-扩皮-置输液导管的步骤精简成穿刺-推置导管，避免操作过程中可能出现的穿刺点移位、导丝脱出、扩皮过深等不良情况，提高穿刺成功率的同时，有效缩减了操作时间。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的深静脉穿刺组件的结构示意图；
图2是图1中局部位置A的放大图；
图3是图1中局部位置A中的穿刺套管的另一变型；
图4是图1中B-B的剖视图；
图5是图2中局部位置C的另一变型的结构示意图；
图6是本发明实施例的包括注射筒的深静脉穿刺组件的结构示意图；
图7是本发明实施例的注射筒的另一变型的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图对本发明的各实施例进行详细说明，以便更清楚理解本发明的目的、特点和优点。应理解的是，附图所示的实施例并不是对本发明范围的限制，而只是为了说明本发明技术方案的实质精神。
在下文的描述中，出于说明各种公开的实施例的目的阐述了某些具体细节以提供对各种公开实施例的透彻理解。但是，相关领域技术人员将认识到可在无这些具体细节中的一个或多个细节的情况来实践实施例。在其它情形下，与本申请相关联的熟知的装置、结构和技术可能并未详细地示出或描述从而避免不必要地混淆实施例的描述。
除非语境有其它需要，在整个说明书和权利要求中，词语“包括”和其变型，诸如“包含”和“具有”应被理解为开放的、包含的含义，即应解释为“包括，但不限于”。
在整个说明书中对“一个实施例”或“一实施例”的提及表示结合实施例所描述的特定特点、结构或特征包括于至少一个实施例中。因此，在整个说明书的各个位置“在一个实施例中”或“在一实施例”中的出现无需全都指相同 实施例。另外，特定特点、结构或特征可在一个或多个实施例中以任何方式组合。
如该说明书和所附权利要求中所用的单数形式“一”和“所述”包括复数指代物，除非文中清楚地另外规定。应当指出的是术语“或”通常以其包括“和/或”的含义使用，除非文中清楚地另外规定。
在以下描述中，为了清楚展示本发明的结构及工作方式，将借助诸多方向性词语进行描述，但是应当将“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“外”、“内”、“向外”、“向内”、“上”、“下”等词语理解为方便用语，而不应当理解为限定性词语。本文中的“远段”、“远端”、“近段”和“近端”中的“远”和“近”是相对于穿刺针组件的操作者的位置来讲，即靠近操作者为“近”，远离操作者为“远”。
下文参照附图描述本发明的深静脉穿刺组件，如图1所示和图2所示，本组件包括穿刺针1、穿刺套管2和输液导管3。穿刺针1为中空针。穿刺套管2上设有自密封开孔4，穿刺针1从自密封开孔4穿入穿刺套管2内。穿刺套管2的位于自密封开孔4远侧的远段21套设在穿刺针1上，穿刺套管2的位于自密封开孔4近侧的近段22与输液导管3连通。穿刺套管2的设有该自密封开孔4的部分可由如丁基橡胶的自密封材料制成，也可以为仅可朝向穿刺套管2内侧打开的单向阀，从而穿刺针1可穿过该单向阀穿入穿刺套管2内，从而将穿刺套管2套设在穿刺针1上，而在穿刺针1从穿刺套管2抽出时，自密封开孔4能够自动密封，在穿刺套管2内形成相对于外界密封的通道。
具体地说，穿刺针1可以是由医用不锈钢制成的中空针，也可以由其他材料制成。穿刺针1的远端设有斜切面，该斜切面的远端形成尖端，以便穿入身体组织，穿刺针1的内部具有供液体流通的中空通道，当穿刺针1成功穿刺进入深静脉后，血液会由于抽液负压以及深静脉内血压的原因通过穿刺针1的中空通道，穿刺针1的近端还设有一连接部7，其他装置可通过连接部7与穿刺针1内部连通。此时通过目视或者连接血压测试设备即可判断穿刺针1是否已成功穿刺到位。穿刺针1从自密封开孔4进入穿刺套管2内并在穿刺套管2内延伸，直至自密封开孔4远侧的远段21套设在穿刺针1上，其中，穿刺针1的斜切面的近端超出穿刺套管2的远段21的稍端。优选地，穿刺针1的斜切面的近端超出穿刺套管2的远段21的稍端的距离范围小于1mm。但应理解，根据需要，该距离范围也可更长或更短。由此使 得穿刺针1的斜切面外露于穿刺套管2外，便于穿刺针1穿刺皮肤和组织进入深静脉内，同时，又不因距离太长导致推送穿刺套管2难度增加。在一些实施例中，如图3所示，穿刺套管在靠近其远端的位置开设有通孔23，通孔23可以是1个或多个，在穿刺套管的末端碰壁或阻塞不畅时，仍可以通过上述通孔23完成输液的目的。另外，穿刺套管2的位于自密封开孔4近侧的近段22与输液导管3连通。具体地说，穿刺套管2的近段22的近端，也就是穿刺套管2的近端与输液导管3连接。
穿刺套管2内可以设置一个通道，但在有些实施例中，穿刺套管2内设有纵向延伸的两个通道。具体地说，如图4所示，第一通道24和第二通道25可以通过沿穿刺套管2的长度纵向延伸的隔层26间隔开，自密封开孔4可以设置在第一通道24的外壁上。穿刺针1通过自密封开孔4进入第一通道24内，且不穿刺进入第二通道25。但可以理解，自密封开孔4也可以设置在第二通道25的外壁上，同样穿刺针1通过自密封开孔4进入第二通道25，不穿刺进入第一通道24。第一通道24和第二通道25可以分别连接至两个输液导管3，在两个输液导管3的近端处分别连接例如相应的输液源和血压测试设备，分别用于输液和测压。但可理解，穿刺套管2内也可以设有一个、三个及以上通道，这里不做限定。通过在穿刺套管2内设置多个通道，分别与多个输液导管3连接，可以适用各种应用场景，使得多线程操作更加便捷。
穿刺套管2的通道可直接与输液导管3一体形成也可通过输液接头5连接。在图示实施例中，在穿刺套管2与输液导管3的外套设有固定纽6，固定纽6可以通过缝线或敷贴的方式固定至皮肤。固定位置优选在穿刺套管2与皮肤穿刺点交界处，但不限于穿刺套管2和输液导管3的外露皮肤部分。利用固定纽6进行固定可以防止导管晃动、脱出或折扭从而影响输液。在输液导管3的近端设置有接头31，利用接头31可以连接不同的工作设备，例如输液源、血压测量设备等等。在留置不用时，也可密封地堵塞接头31。
使用者在操作本深静脉穿刺组件时，成功将穿刺针1穿刺入深静脉后，随即将穿刺套管2的远段21缓慢向远侧送入深静脉内小段距离，再在将穿刺套管2继续送入深静脉的同时缓慢朝向近侧退出穿刺针1，留置合适距离后可通过固定钮6外套在输液导管3或穿刺套管2外露于皮肤的部分，优选在穿刺套管2与皮肤穿刺点交界处，但不限于穿刺套管2和输液导管3的外露皮肤部分。通过缝线或敷贴的 方式固定至患者皮肤，通过输液导管3即可推动药液经过穿刺套管2的近段22、远段21，从而进入到深静脉内，从而完成注液操作，或利用多通接头同时进行注液、测压等操作。本发明实施例的深静脉穿刺组件简化了穿刺过程，将现有技术的穿刺-置导丝-扩皮-置输液导管的步骤精简成穿刺-推置导管，避免操作过程中可能出现的穿刺点移位、导丝脱出、扩皮过深等不良情况，提高穿刺成功率的同时，有效缩减了操作时间。
另外，穿刺套管2的远端与自密封开孔4间隔开的距离为4-20cm，优选为6-15cm。当该距离过大时，会导致穿刺操作难度增大，而该距离过小时，难以将穿刺套管2的远段完全穿入皮下组织，留置于深静脉中，增加脱出风险。穿刺套管2的近端与自密封开孔4间隔开的距离为10-15cm，优选为12cm。穿刺套管2的自密封开孔4可以为自密封材料上形成的孔或单向阀。也就是说，通过该孔或单向阀，穿刺套管2插入或拔出自密封开孔4后，自密封开孔4会阻止穿刺套管2内的液体从该处由管内漏出，由此形成一种自密封结构。穿刺套管2的设有自密封开孔4的部分可以由丁基橡胶材料制成，也可以由其他材料制成，这里不做限定。需要说明的是，在整个注射操作过程中，自密封开孔4位置可以保持在体外，也可以在体内，这里不做限定。
在一些实施例中，如图5所示，穿刺针1的斜切面的近端延伸超出穿刺套管2的远段的稍端，超出的范围小于1mm。穿刺套管2的远端外径逐渐收缩并在稍端与穿刺套管2的内表面相交，即其外径逐渐减小至与其内径相同，穿刺套管2的内径可设置为不小于穿刺针1的外径。需要说明的是，穿刺套管2远段的内径和穿刺针1的外径沿其长度保持恒定。当穿刺针1进入穿刺套管2且其远端斜切面的近端超出穿刺套管2的稍端之后，由于穿刺套管2的远端外径逐渐收缩至与其内径相同，穿刺针1和穿刺套管2组成的组件的外表面为连续表面，便于两者共同穿入深静脉。在穿刺针1进入深静脉后连带穿刺套管2一并进入皮肤内。当完成穿刺后手动缓慢往前推动穿刺套管2一些距离，并退出穿刺针1，以此操作并不会带动穿刺套管2一并退出，此时穿刺套管2停留在深静脉中，从而可以继续进行后续的注射操作。通过这样的结构，可以有效防止穿刺针在进入深静脉过程中与穿侧导管2发生相对移动，同时在反向退出深静脉过程中带出穿侧导管2，结构简单，方便操作。
本发明实施例还提供了一种深静脉穿刺针套件，如图6所示，套件包括根据上述实施例中的深静脉穿刺组件，以及还包括一个注射器，注射器包括注射筒8、 柱塞9和注射杆10，注射筒8的注射端81与穿刺针1的位于穿刺套管2近侧的连接部7连接。完成连接后，注射筒8的筒腔82与穿刺针1的中空通道流体可以实现连通，而注射筒8的另一端由柱塞9封闭，柱塞9与所述注射杆10固定连接并可滑动地设置在注射筒8内并相对于注射筒8密封。本发明实施例的深静脉穿刺组件简化了穿刺过程，将现有技术的穿刺-置导丝-扩皮-置输液导管的步骤精简成穿刺-推置导管，避免操作过程中可能出现的穿刺点移位、导丝脱出、扩皮过深等不良情况，提高穿刺成功率的同时，有效缩减了操作时间。
在更优选的实施例中，如图7所示，注射器内还设有导管11，导管11的远端穿过注射筒8的注射端81并相对于该注射端81密封地固定，导管11的近端依次穿过柱塞和注射杆内的贯通孔，并可相对于该贯通孔密封地滑动，以允许柱塞9和注射杆10相对于注射筒8以及导管11滑动。导管11的远端可与穿刺针1的近端彼此连接，使得导管11内的通道与穿刺针1的中空通道连通。
导管11位于注射腔82内靠近注射端81的管壁上开设有通孔91，当穿刺针1穿入深静脉时，回血可穿过导管11并通过通孔91进入到注射腔82内，以便操作者观察。在导管11的近端内或者在注射杆10的贯通孔的近端可设有仅可朝向远侧打开的单向阀12，单向阀12可以确保导丝能够通过从近端置入，并确保没有导丝置入时将注射腔82相对于外界密封。采用该结构，可将导丝置入导管11和穿刺针1的中空通道中，通过现有技术的方法完成置导管等步骤，以此作为本发明实施例方案的附加方法，以在操作本发明实施中发生例如穿刺套管损坏或未跟随穿刺针进入深静脉等意外情形下，仍然能够置入导丝而改为采用现有技术的穿刺方法，避免重新穿刺而浪费抢救时间。本方案提供了一种备选方案，满足特殊需要置导丝的情况。
以上已详细描述了本发明的较佳实施例，但应理解到，若需要，能修改实施例的方面来采用各种专利、申请和出版物的方面、特征和构思来提供另外的实施例。
考虑到上文的详细描述，能对实施例做出这些和其它变化。一般而言，在权利要求中，所用的术语不应被认为限制在说明书和权利要求中公开的具体实施例，而是应被理解为包括所有可能的实施例连同这些权利要求所享有的全部等同范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种深静脉穿刺组件，其特征在于，包括：
    穿刺针，所述穿刺针为中空针；以及
    穿刺套管，所述穿刺套管上设有自密封开孔，所述穿刺针从所述自密封开孔穿入所述穿刺套管内，使得所述穿刺套管的位于所述自密封开孔远侧的远段套设在所述穿刺针上，且所述穿刺套管的位于所述自密封开孔近侧的近段用于与输液导管连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的深静脉穿刺组件，其特征在于，所述穿刺套管的设有自密封开孔的部分由丁基橡胶制成。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的深静脉穿刺组件，其特征在于，所述穿刺套管的自密封开孔为可向所述穿刺套管内侧打开的单向阀。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的深静脉穿刺组件，其特征在于，所述穿刺套管的靠近所述穿刺套管的远端的管壁上开设有通孔。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的深静脉穿刺组件，其特征在于，所述穿刺针的远端设有斜切面，所述斜切面的近端延伸超出所述穿刺套管的所述远段的稍端的距离小于1mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的深静脉穿刺组件，其特征在于，所述自密封开孔与所述穿刺套管的远端间隔开的距离为4-20cm。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的深静脉穿刺组件，其特征在于，所述自密封开孔与所述穿刺套管的远端间隔开的距离为6-15cm。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的深静脉穿刺组件，其特征在于，所述穿刺套管内设有纵向延伸的至少两个通道，所述自密封开孔设置在所述至少两个通道中的一个的外壁上。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的深静脉穿刺组件，其特征在于，所述穿刺套管的所述至少两个通道分别与至少两个输液导管连接。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的深静脉穿刺组件，其特征在于，所述穿刺套管的远端外径朝向末端逐渐收缩至与所述穿刺套管的内径相同。
  11. 一种深静脉穿刺针套件，其特征在于，包括根据前述权利要求1-10中任一项所述的深静脉穿刺组件和注射器，
    其中所述注射器包括注射筒、柱塞和注射杆，所述注射筒的注射端与所述穿刺针的近端通过连接部连接，使得所述注射筒的注射腔与所述穿刺针的中空通道流体连通，而所述注射筒的另一端由所述柱塞封闭，所述柱塞与所述注射杆固定连接并可滑动地设置在所述注射筒内并相对于所述注射筒密封。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的深静脉穿刺针套件，其特征在于，所述注射器内设有导管，所述导管的远端穿过所述注射筒的所述注射端并相对于所述注射端密封固定，所述导管的近段依次穿过所述柱塞和所述注射杆内的贯通孔并可相对于所述贯通孔密封地滑动，使得所述导管的通道与所述穿刺针的所述中空通道连通。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的深静脉穿刺针套件，其特征在于，所述导管位于所述注射腔内靠近所述注射端的管壁上开设有通孔。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的深静脉穿刺针套件，其特征在于，所述导管的所述近段内或所述注射杆的贯通孔的近端设置有可向远侧打开的单向阀。
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