WO2022155705A1 - Protéines de liaison à fn14 humanisées et leurs utilisations - Google Patents
Protéines de liaison à fn14 humanisées et leurs utilisations Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022155705A1 WO2022155705A1 PCT/AU2022/050024 AU2022050024W WO2022155705A1 WO 2022155705 A1 WO2022155705 A1 WO 2022155705A1 AU 2022050024 W AU2022050024 W AU 2022050024W WO 2022155705 A1 WO2022155705 A1 WO 2022155705A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- antibody
- humanized
- binding protein
- cancer
- seq
- Prior art date
Links
- 102000014914 Carrier Proteins Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 108091008324 binding proteins Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 101100046559 Mus musculus Tnfrsf12a gene Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 245
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 115
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 112
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 95
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 89
- 206010006895 Cachexia Diseases 0.000 claims description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 125000003275 alpha amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 62
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 61
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 60
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 claims description 57
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 claims description 57
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 claims description 56
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 claims description 55
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 48
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 claims description 35
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 claims description 35
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 206010039073 rheumatoid arthritis Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 108091033319 polynucleotide Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 102000040430 polynucleotide Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002157 polynucleotide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 101000648505 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 102000055458 human TNFRSF12A Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 108020004705 Codon Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000017169 kidney disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010007559 Cardiac failure congestive Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000006545 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010019280 Heart failures Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000725303 Human immunodeficiency virus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 208000019423 liver disease Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009385 viral infection Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 105
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 82
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 44
- 101100454807 Caenorhabditis elegans lgg-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 41
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 33
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 33
- 241001529936 Murinae Species 0.000 description 28
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 25
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 21
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 21
- 210000004602 germ cell Anatomy 0.000 description 20
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000013604 expression vector Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000012636 effector Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 15
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 13
- 206010060862 Prostate cancer Diseases 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 208000016261 weight loss Diseases 0.000 description 13
- 206010067584 Type 1 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 208000023275 Autoimmune disease Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 11
- 206010028289 Muscle atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 10
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000003269 anti-cachectic effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 10
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 10
- 201000000585 muscular atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 10
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 9
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000002415 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 9
- -1 CDRI Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 108010047041 Complementarity Determining Regions Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 8
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 208000024908 graft versus host disease Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 238000000163 radioactive labelling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 8
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 108091035707 Consensus sequence Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 208000009329 Graft vs Host Disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 7
- 201000001514 prostate carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 7
- NFGXHKASABOEEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylethyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate Chemical group COC(C)(C)CCCC(C)CC=CC(C)=CC(=O)OC(C)C NFGXHKASABOEEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NHBKXEKEPDILRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis(butanoylsulfanyl)propyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCC(SC(=O)CCC)CSC(=O)CCC NHBKXEKEPDILRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N Doxorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 108060003951 Immunoglobulin Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 6
- 206010027476 Metastases Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 208000000236 Prostatic Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 102000007056 Recombinant Fusion Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010008281 Recombinant Fusion Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 206010052779 Transplant rejections Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 102000018358 immunoglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 210000004962 mammalian cell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000009401 metastasis Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 5
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 5
- UBQYURCVBFRUQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-benzoyl-Ferrioxamine B Chemical compound CC(=O)N(O)CCCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)N(O)CCCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)N(O)CCCCCN UBQYURCVBFRUQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 230000033115 angiogenesis Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000020832 chronic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000004540 complement-dependent cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229960000958 deferoxamine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 201000006417 multiple sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000004770 neurodegeneration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000015122 neurodegenerative disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000001076 sarcopenia Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 201000000596 systemic lupus erythematosus Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 206010008342 Cervix carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000001333 Colorectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000000461 Esophageal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- NWIBSHFKIJFRCO-WUDYKRTCSA-N Mytomycin Chemical compound C1N2C(C(C(C)=C(N)C3=O)=O)=C3[C@@H](COC(N)=O)[C@@]2(OC)[C@@H]2[C@H]1N2 NWIBSHFKIJFRCO-WUDYKRTCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010030155 Oesophageal carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 206010033128 Ovarian cancer Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 206010061535 Ovarian neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 206010061902 Pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 206010035664 Pneumonia Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000012980 RPMI-1640 medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 4
- 208000006265 Renal cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 206010039491 Sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000024770 Thyroid neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000006105 Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- RJURFGZVJUQBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N actinomycin D Natural products CC1OC(=O)C(C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)C2CCCN2C(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=CC=C3C(=O)NC4C(=O)NC(C(N5CCCC5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)C(C(C)C)C(=O)OC4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 RJURFGZVJUQBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000022531 anorexia Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000010056 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001363 autoimmune Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000002458 carcinoid tumor Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 201000010881 cervical cancer Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000019425 cirrhosis of liver Diseases 0.000 description 4
- DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L cisplatin Chemical compound N[Pt](N)(Cl)Cl DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229960004316 cisplatin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000010367 cloning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000000151 cysteine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)* 0.000 description 4
- 206010061428 decreased appetite Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 206010013663 drug dependence Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 201000004101 esophageal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000027866 inflammatory disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000015486 malignant pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 201000002528 pancreatic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000008443 pancreatic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002198 surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 201000002510 thyroid cancer Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000010474 transient expression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 4
- XSYUPRQVAHJETO-WPMUBMLPSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-amino-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-imidaz Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CN=CN1 XSYUPRQVAHJETO-WPMUBMLPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FDKXTQMXEQVLRF-ZHACJKMWSA-N (E)-dacarbazine Chemical compound CN(C)\N=N\c1[nH]cnc1C(N)=O FDKXTQMXEQVLRF-ZHACJKMWSA-N 0.000 description 3
- STQGQHZAVUOBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-Cyan-hept-2t-en-4,6-diinsaeure Natural products C1=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C(OC)=CC=CC=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=2CC(O)(C(C)=O)CC1OC1CC(N)C(O)C(C)O1 STQGQHZAVUOBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 101100235012 Arabidopsis thaliana LCV3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 208000003174 Brain Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclophosphamide Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)P1(=O)NCCCO1 CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010092160 Dactinomycin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 206010017993 Gastrointestinal neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010018338 Glioma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010018364 Glomerulonephritis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000017604 Hodgkin disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000021519 Hodgkin lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000010747 Hodgkins lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 108010054477 Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000001706 Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 208000022559 Inflammatory bowel disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000002260 Keloid Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010023330 Keloid scar Diseases 0.000 description 3
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010025323 Lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000829100 Macaca mulatta polyomavirus 1 Species 0.000 description 3
- 208000003445 Mouth Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000034176 Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010029113 Neovascularisation Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000015914 Non-Hodgkin lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010035226 Plasma cell myeloma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108010076504 Protein Sorting Signals Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 206010040047 Sepsis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000000453 Skin Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000024313 Testicular Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010057644 Testis cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000009956 adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000020990 adrenal cortex carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000007128 adrenocortical carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009175 antibody therapy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010003246 arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009920 chelation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000029742 colonic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000018631 connective tissue disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960004397 cyclophosphamide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940127089 cytotoxic agent Drugs 0.000 description 3
- STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N daunorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(C)=O)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960004679 doxorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000010102 embolization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000684 flow cytometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001943 fluorescence-activated cell sorting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000013595 glycosylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006206 glycosylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000010536 head and neck cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000014829 head and neck neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000005787 hematologic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000001117 keloid Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000012987 lip and oral cavity carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 201000001441 melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- CFCUWKMKBJTWLW-BKHRDMLASA-N mithramycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1C[C@@H](O[C@H](C)[C@H]1O)OC=1C=C2C=C3C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)C3=C(O)C2=C(O)C=1C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@](C)(O)C3)C2)C1)[C@H](OC)C(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)O)[C@H]1C[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O1 CFCUWKMKBJTWLW-BKHRDMLASA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960004857 mitomycin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- KKZJGLLVHKMTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N mitoxantrone Chemical compound O=C1C2=C(O)C=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(NCCNCCO)=CC=C2NCCNCCO KKZJGLLVHKMTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960001156 mitoxantrone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000010369 molecular cloning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000020763 muscle atrophy Effects 0.000 description 3
- 201000005962 mycosis fungoides Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000009871 nonspecific binding Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229960003171 plicamycin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000159 protein binding assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000015347 renal cell adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 108091008146 restriction endonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000009410 rhabdomyosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000037390 scarring Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 201000003120 testicular cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229960003989 tocilizumab Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000005253 yeast cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- BXTJCSYMGFJEID-XMTADJHZSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2r,3r)-3-[(2s)-1-[(3r,4s,5s)-4-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[6-[3-[(2r)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanyl-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl]hexanoyl-methylamino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]-methylamino]-3-methoxy-5-methylheptanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-met Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](OC)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)C[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CCCCCN1C(C(SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)CC1=O)=O)C(C)C)OC)C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BXTJCSYMGFJEID-XMTADJHZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VPFUWHKTPYPNGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylchromen-6-yl)propan-1-one Chemical compound OC1=C2C=CC(C)(C)OC2=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VPFUWHKTPYPNGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000010444 Acidosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- HJCMDXDYPOUFDY-WHFBIAKZSA-N Ala-Gln Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(N)=O HJCMDXDYPOUFDY-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000007848 Alcoholism Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000002260 Alkaline Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108020004774 Alkaline Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010003267 Arthritis reactive Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000001320 Atherosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010004593 Bile duct cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010005003 Bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000018084 Bone neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101100217502 Caenorhabditis elegans lgg-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000020446 Cardiac disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010007558 Cardiac failure chronic Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010048964 Carotid artery occlusion Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010007953 Central nervous system lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000000503 Collagen Type II Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010041390 Collagen Type II Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 201000003883 Cystic fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-CCXZUQQUSA-N Cytarabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-CCXZUQQUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010016626 Dipeptides Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000006144 Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000001976 Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010014733 Endometrial cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010014759 Endometrial neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000009386 Experimental Arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010016654 Fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000012413 Fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorouracil Chemical compound FC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000006471 Fucosyltransferases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010019236 Fucosyltransferases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101800001586 Ghrelin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102400000442 Ghrelin-28 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 208000032612 Glial tumor Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000005720 Glutathione transferase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010070675 Glutathione transferase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000005569 Gout Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010059399 Graft ischaemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010072579 Granulomatosis with polyangiitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010019617 Henoch-Schonlein purpura Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 101001047617 Homo sapiens Immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-11 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108090000144 Human Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000003839 Human Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 208000001953 Hypotension Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-TZNDIEGXSA-N Idarubicin Chemical compound C1[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1C2=C(O)C(C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C3=O)=C3C(O)=C2C[C@@](O)(C(C)=O)C1 XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-TZNDIEGXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Idarubicin Natural products C1C(N)C(O)C(C)OC1OC1C2=C(O)C(C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C3=O)=C3C(O)=C2CC(O)(C(C)=O)C1 XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100022955 Immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-11 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010065920 Insulin Lispro Proteins 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N L-isoleucine Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N L-methotrexate Chemical compound C=1N=C2N=C(N)N=C(N)C2=NC=1CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010023825 Laryngeal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010024229 Leprosy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- GQYIWUVLTXOXAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lomustine Chemical compound ClCCN(N=O)C(=O)NC1CCCCC1 GQYIWUVLTXOXAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010027417 Metabolic acidosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229930192392 Mitomycin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 208000026072 Motor neurone disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000699660 Mus musculus Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000001894 Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010061306 Nasopharyngeal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010029260 Neuroblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000001132 Osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229930012538 Paclitaxel Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 208000000821 Parathyroid Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BYPFEZZEUUWMEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentoxifylline Chemical compound O=C1N(CCCCC(=O)C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1N(C)C=N2 BYPFEZZEUUWMEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000057297 Pepsin A Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000284 Pepsin A Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000007913 Pituitary Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010035742 Pneumonitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 102000003923 Protein Kinase C Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000315 Protein Kinase C Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 201000004681 Psoriasis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000001263 Psoriatic Arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000036824 Psoriatic arthropathy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000015634 Rectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- YASAKCUCGLMORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Rosiglitazone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1N(C)CCOC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1SC(=O)NC1=O YASAKCUCGLMORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000004337 Salivary Gland Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010061934 Salivary gland cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010039710 Scleroderma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010071390 Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000007562 Serum Albumin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 208000021712 Soft tissue sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000005718 Stomach Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Streptozotocin Natural products O=NN(C)C(=O)NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N Testostosterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000009365 Thymic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- VGQOVCHZGQWAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD55612 Natural products N1C(O)C2CC(C=CC(N)=O)=CN2C(=O)C2=CC=C(C)C(O)=C12 VGQOVCHZGQWAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000007097 Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000008385 Urogenital Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010046851 Uveitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010047115 Vasculitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-WWYNWVTFSA-N Vinblastine Natural products O=C(O[C@H]1[C@](O)(C(=O)OC)[C@@H]2N(C)c3c(cc(c(OC)c3)[C@]3(C(=O)OC)c4[nH]c5c(c4CCN4C[C@](O)(CC)C[C@H](C3)C4)cccc5)[C@@]32[C@H]2[C@@]1(CC)C=CCN2CC3)C JXLYSJRDGCGARV-WWYNWVTFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010047741 Vulval cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- RJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N actinomycin D Chemical compound C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=CC=C3C(=O)N[C@@H]4C(=O)N[C@@H](C(N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H]4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 RJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001042 affinity chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960002648 alanylglutamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 201000007930 alcohol dependence Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002333 angiotensin II receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940125364 angiotensin receptor blocker Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 2
- VGQOVCHZGQWAOI-HYUHUPJXSA-N anthramycin Chemical compound N1[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2CC(\C=C\C(N)=O)=CN2C(=O)C2=CC=C(C)C(O)=C12 VGQOVCHZGQWAOI-HYUHUPJXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002948 appetite stimulant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008365 aqueous carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008228 bacteriostatic water for injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 201000002143 bronchus adenoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229960000830 captopril Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FAKRSMQSSFJEIM-RQJHMYQMSA-N captopril Chemical compound SC[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(O)=O FAKRSMQSSFJEIM-RQJHMYQMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001168 carotid artery common Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 201000004677 childhood cerebellar astrocytic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229960004630 chlorambucil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JCKYGMPEJWAADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorambucil Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 JCKYGMPEJWAADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000037976 chronic inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037893 chronic inflammatory disorder Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000007882 cirrhosis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960000684 cytarabine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000640 dactinomycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000975 daunorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- CFCUWKMKBJTWLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N deoliosyl-3C-alpha-L-digitoxosyl-MTM Natural products CC=1C(O)=C2C(O)=C3C(=O)C(OC4OC(C)C(O)C(OC5OC(C)C(O)C(OC6OC(C)C(O)C(C)(O)C6)C5)C4)C(C(OC)C(=O)C(O)C(C)O)CC3=CC2=CC=1OC(OC(C)C1O)CC1OC1CC(O)C(O)C(C)O1 CFCUWKMKBJTWLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000368 destabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 2
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229950003048 enavatuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005420 etoposide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N etoposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@H](C)OC[C@H]4O3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000024519 eye neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000012091 fetal bovine serum Substances 0.000 description 2
- GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHMNJMPURVTYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC(N=C=S)=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 MHMNJMPURVTYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002949 fluorouracil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 206010017758 gastric cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GNKDKYIHGQKHHM-RJKLHVOGSA-N ghrelin Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CN)COC(=O)CCCCCCC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GNKDKYIHGQKHHM-RJKLHVOGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000404 glutamine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000019622 heart disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002489 hematologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WNRQPCUGRUFHED-DETKDSODSA-N humalog Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O)C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)C1=CN=CN1 WNRQPCUGRUFHED-DETKDSODSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036543 hypotension Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960000908 idarubicin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940127121 immunoconjugate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002068 insulin lispro Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000028867 ischemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoleucine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000310 isoleucine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010023841 laryngeal neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010025135 lupus erythematosus Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000006178 malignant mesothelioma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000026045 malignant tumor of parathyroid gland Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010082117 matrigel Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercaptopurine Chemical compound S=C1NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004066 metabolic change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229960000485 methotrexate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 208000005264 motor neuron disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000000050 myeloid neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000008383 nephritis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011580 nude mouse model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960003347 obinutuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007410 oral glucose tolerance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960001592 paclitaxel Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002621 pembrolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- YBYRMVIVWMBXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YBYRMVIVWMBXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 2
- HYAFETHFCAUJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pioglitazone Chemical compound N1=CC(CC)=CC=C1CCOC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1C(=O)NC(=O)S1 HYAFETHFCAUJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000010916 pituitary tumor Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009258 post-therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000016800 primary central nervous system lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- AQHHHDLHHXJYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N propranolol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OCC(O)CNC(C)C)=CC=CC2=C1 AQHHHDLHHXJYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RXWNCPJZOCPEPQ-NVWDDTSBSA-N puromycin Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](N2C3=NC=NC(=C3N=C2)N(C)C)O[C@@H]1CO RXWNCPJZOCPEPQ-NVWDDTSBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHZMQXZHNVQTQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxamine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CN)=C1O NHZMQXZHNVQTQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000002574 reactive arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010038038 rectal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000001275 rectum cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000849 selective androgen receptor modulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000013363 skeletal muscle disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000000849 skin cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009870 specific binding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000011549 stomach cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960001052 streptozocin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N streptozocin Chemical compound O=NN(C)C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000011117 substance-related disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000008205 supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N taxol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RMMXLENWKUUMAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N telmisartan Chemical compound CCCC1=NC2=C(C)C=C(C=3N(C4=CC=CC=C4N=3)C)C=C2N1CC(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O RMMXLENWKUUMAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000008732 thymoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- WYWHKKSPHMUBEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tioguanine Chemical compound N1C(N)=NC(=S)C2=C1N=CN2 WYWHKKSPHMUBEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000037816 tissue injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000008827 tuberculosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 208000001072 type 2 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000005112 urinary bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960003048 vinblastine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincaleukoblastine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004528 vincristine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincristine Chemical compound C([N@]1C[C@@H](C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C([C@]56[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]7(CC)C=CCN([C@H]67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)C[C@@](C1)(O)CC)CC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vincristine Natural products C1C(CC)(O)CC(CC2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C(C56C(C(C(OC(C)=O)C7(CC)C=CCN(C67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)CN1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000005102 vulva cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-YPZZEJLDSA-N zirconium-89 Chemical group [89Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-YPZZEJLDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUFXOAAUWZOOIT-SXARVLRPSA-N (2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[[(1S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-cyclohex-2-enyl]amino]-2-oxanyl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxanyl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4-triol Chemical compound O([C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H]1O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(CO)=C1)O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O XUFXOAAUWZOOIT-SXARVLRPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFZSNESUTRVBQX-XEURHVNRSA-N (2S)-2-amino-6-[4-[[3-[[(2S)-1-[[(1S,2R,3S,5S,6S,16E,18E,20R,21S)-11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl]oxy]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-methylamino]-3-oxopropyl]disulfanyl]pentanoylamino]hexanoic acid Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1\C=C\C=C(C)\Cc2cc(OC)c(Cl)c(c2)N(C)C(=O)C[C@H](OC(=O)[C@H](C)N(C)C(=O)CCSSC(C)CCC(=O)NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)[C@]2(C)O[C@H]2[C@H](C)[C@@H]2C[C@@]1(O)NC(=O)O2 MFZSNESUTRVBQX-XEURHVNRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOIAQXXUVRINCI-LBAQZLPGSA-N (2S)-2-amino-6-[[4-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]-3-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]propyl]phenyl]carbamothioylamino]hexanoic acid Chemical compound N[C@@H](CCCCNC(=S)Nc1ccc(CC(CN(CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)N(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)cc1)C(O)=O FOIAQXXUVRINCI-LBAQZLPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYSXUXXBDSYRT-WOUKDFQISA-N (2r,3r,4r,5r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-5-[6-(methylamino)purin-9-yl]oxolan-3-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(NC)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC GRYSXUXXBDSYRT-WOUKDFQISA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMEWRPBAQVSBBB-GOTSBHOMSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-6-[[2-[2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetyl]amino]hexanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZMEWRPBAQVSBBB-GOTSBHOMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYNAPIVXKRLDER-LBPRGKRZSA-N (2s)-2-benzamido-3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 CYNAPIVXKRLDER-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNGVJMBLXIUVRD-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-3-(4-cyanophenoxy)-n-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound C([C@@](O)(C)C(=O)NC=1C=C(C(C#N)=CC=1)C(F)(F)F)OC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 JNGVJMBLXIUVRD-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIDNLKIUORFRQP-XYGFDPSESA-N (2s,4s)-4-cyclohexyl-1-[2-[[(1s)-2-methyl-1-propanoyloxypropoxy]-(4-phenylbutyl)phosphoryl]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C([P@@](=O)(O[C@H](OC(=O)CC)C(C)C)CC(=O)N1[C@@H](C[C@H](C1)C1CCCCC1)C(O)=O)CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 BIDNLKIUORFRQP-XYGFDPSESA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQVLRGLGWNWPSS-BXBUPLCLSA-N (4r,7s,10s,13s,16r)-16-acetamido-13-(1h-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-10-methyl-6,9,12,15-tetraoxo-7-propan-2-yl-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14-tetrazacycloheptadecane-4-carboxamide Chemical compound N1C(=O)[C@@H](NC(C)=O)CSSC[C@@H](C(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CC1=CN=CN1 FQVLRGLGWNWPSS-BXBUPLCLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N (R)-carnitine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC([O-])=O PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZQKKSLKJUAGIC-NSHDSACASA-N (S)-(-)-pindolol Chemical compound CC(C)NC[C@H](O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 JZQKKSLKJUAGIC-NSHDSACASA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-INIZCTEOSA-N (S)-colchicine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](NC(C)=O)CC2)=CC(=O)C(OC)=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=C1OC IAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOHXWSHGANNQGO-DSIKUUPMSA-N 1-amino-4-[[5-[[(2S)-1-[[(1S,2R,3S,5S,6S,16E,18E,20R,21S)-11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl]oxy]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-methylamino]-2-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl]disulfanyl]-1-oxobutane-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CO[C@@H]([C@@]1(O)C[C@H](OC(=O)N1)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]1O[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H](C)N(C)C(=O)CCC(C)(C)SSCCC(C(N)=O)S(O)(=O)=O)CC(=O)N1C)\C=C\C=C(C)\CC2=CC(OC)=C(Cl)C1=C2 ZOHXWSHGANNQGO-DSIKUUPMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLKSPGHQGFFKGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloropropan-2-yl n-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate Chemical compound ClCC(C)OC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 WLKSPGHQGFFKGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSNHCAURESNICA-NJFSPNSNSA-N 1-oxidanylurea Chemical compound N[14C](=O)NO VSNHCAURESNICA-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZCWLCBFPRFLKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-prop-2-ynoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COCC#C GZCWLCBFPRFLKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEMYAXKYCOBYOJ-OAGWZNDDSA-N 125354-16-7 Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LEMYAXKYCOBYOJ-OAGWZNDDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)N1C1CCC(=O)NC1=O UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTQWWZBSTRGEAV-PKHIMPSTSA-N 2-[[(2s)-2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]-3-[4-(methylcarbamoylamino)phenyl]propyl]-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]propyl]amino]acetic acid Chemical compound CNC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C[C@@H](CN(CC(C)N(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)N(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)C=C1 RTQWWZBSTRGEAV-PKHIMPSTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMYBFLOWKQRBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O FMYBFLOWKQRBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBUTXZSKZCQABC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-1-methyl-7h-purine-6-thione Chemical compound S=C1N(C)C(N)=NC2=C1NC=N2 FBUTXZSKZCQABC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)chromen-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4OC3=O)N(CC)CC)=NC2=C1 GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWBHETKCLVMNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4',6-Diamino-2-phenylindol Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=N)N)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=C(C(N)=N)C=C2N1 FWBHETKCLVMNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-fluorophenyl)oxane-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1C1(C(=O)O)CCOCC1 CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 4-amino-1-[(2r)-6-amino-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]piperidine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical group C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC(N)(CC1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODHCTXKNWHHXJC-VKHMYHEASA-N 5-oxo-L-proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCC(=O)N1 ODHCTXKNWHHXJC-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJZJYWCQPMNPRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,6-dimethyl-1-[3-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propoxy]-1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound CC1(C)N=C(N)N=C(N)N1OCCCOC1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl MJZJYWCQPMNPRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005541 ACE inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000002008 AIDS-Related Lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010000159 Abnormal loss of weight Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010066676 Abrin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000013563 Acid Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010051457 Acid Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000024893 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014697 Acute lymphocytic leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031261 Acute myeloid leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026872 Addison Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100034035 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061424 Anal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000191985 Anas superciliosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000007860 Anus Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010073360 Appendix cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100365680 Arabidopsis thaliana SGT1B gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000015790 Asparaginase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010024976 Asparaginase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Asparagine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100136076 Aspergillus oryzae (strain ATCC 42149 / RIB 40) pel1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000669426 Aspergillus restrictus Ribonuclease mitogillin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010003571 Astrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000008271 Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010069002 Autoimmune pancreatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090001008 Avidin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000010839 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032791 BCR-ABL1 positive chronic myelogenous leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010004146 Basal cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XPCFTKFZXHTYIP-PMACEKPBSA-N Benazepril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H]1C(N(CC(O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2CC1)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XPCFTKFZXHTYIP-PMACEKPBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000008439 Biliary Liver Cirrhosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000033222 Biliary cirrhosis primary Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010006654 Bleomycin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000031648 Body Weight Changes Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010005949 Bone cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010006143 Brain stem glioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Busulfan Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCCCOS(C)(=O)=O COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001433 C-terminal amino-acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002083 C09CA01 - Losartan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002080 C09CA02 - Eprosartan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004072 C09CA03 - Valsartan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002947 C09CA04 - Irbesartan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002053 C09CA06 - Candesartan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005537 C09CA07 - Telmisartan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101100327917 Caenorhabditis elegans chup-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 101710158575 Cap-specific mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010007275 Carcinoid tumour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010007279 Carcinoid tumour of the gastrointestinal tract Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000009030 Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DLGOEMSEDOSKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carmustine Chemical compound ClCCNC(=O)N(N=O)CCCl DLGOEMSEDOSKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000037138 Central nervous system embryonal tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282693 Cercopithecidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010008089 Cerebral artery occlusion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010833 Chronic myeloid leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PTOAARAWEBMLNO-KVQBGUIXSA-N Cladribine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC(Cl)=NC=2N1[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 PTOAARAWEBMLNO-KVQBGUIXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010073140 Clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100417900 Clostridium acetobutylicum (strain ATCC 824 / DSM 792 / JCM 1419 / LMG 5710 / VKM B-1787) rbr3A gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000015943 Coeliac disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010009900 Colitis ulcerative Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000009798 Craniopharyngioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000699800 Cricetinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000699802 Cricetulus griseus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000011231 Crohn disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108700032819 Croton tiglium crotin II Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000701022 Cytomegalovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-mannomethylose Natural products CC1OC(O)C(O)C(O)C1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XPDXVDYUQZHFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dansyl Chloride Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N(C)C)=CC=CC2=C1S(Cl)(=O)=O XPDXVDYUQZHFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEAHRLBPCANXCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Daunomycin Natural products CCC1(O)CC(OC2CC(N)C(O)C(C)O2)c3cc4C(=O)c5c(OC)cccc5C(=O)c4c(O)c3C1 WEAHRLBPCANXCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000007342 Diabetic Nephropathies Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000016607 Diphtheria Toxin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010053187 Diphtheria Toxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061818 Disease progression Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Elaidinsaeure-aethylester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBYXEBXZARTUSS-QLWBXOBMSA-N Emetamine Natural products O(C)c1c(OC)cc2c(c(C[C@@H]3[C@H](CC)CN4[C@H](c5c(cc(OC)c(OC)c5)CC4)C3)ncc2)c1 MBYXEBXZARTUSS-QLWBXOBMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010061435 Enalapril Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108050009340 Endothelin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000002045 Endothelin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102400000686 Endothelin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101800004490 Endothelin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000160765 Erebia ligea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000277306 Esocidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010008165 Etanercept Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000012468 Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101710082714 Exotoxin A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000017259 Extragonadal germ cell tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000001342 Fallopian tube cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013452 Fallopian tube neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000009109 Fc receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010087819 Fc receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108050007372 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000018233 Fibroblast Growth Factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-SLPGGIOYSA-N Fucose Natural products C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010001498 Galectin 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100021736 Galectin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100039556 Galectin-4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000022072 Gallbladder Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108700004714 Gelonium multiflorum GEL Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700028146 Genetic Enhancer Elements Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010056740 Genital discharge Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101000892220 Geobacillus thermodenitrificans (strain NG80-2) Long-chain-alcohol dehydrogenase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000021309 Germ cell tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FAEKWTJYAYMJKF-QHCPKHFHSA-N GlucoNorm Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C(OCC)=CC(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)N2CCCCC2)=C1 FAEKWTJYAYMJKF-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010024636 Glutathione Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002683 Glycosaminoglycan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010026389 Gramicidin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000003807 Graves Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000015023 Graves' disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HVLSXIKZNLPZJJ-TXZCQADKSA-N HA peptide Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@@H](N)CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HVLSXIKZNLPZJJ-TXZCQADKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031886 HIV Infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037357 HIV infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100508941 Halobacterium salinarum (strain ATCC 700922 / JCM 11081 / NRC-1) ppa gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000030836 Hashimoto thyroiditis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032843 Hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000009889 Herpes Simplex Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010093488 His-His-His-His-His-His Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000780443 Homo sapiens Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000608765 Homo sapiens Galectin-4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000839659 Homo sapiens Immunoglobulin heavy variable 3-72 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091006905 Human Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008100 Human Serum Albumin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010051151 Hyperviscosity syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010021042 Hypopharyngeal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010056305 Hypopharyngeal neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010021625 Immunoglobulin Fragments Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008394 Immunoglobulin Fragments Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100027820 Immunoglobulin heavy variable 3-72 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010061216 Infarction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091030087 Initiator element Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010073961 Insulin Aspart Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010089308 Insulin Detemir Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010057186 Insulin Glargine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- COCFEDIXXNGUNL-RFKWWTKHSA-N Insulin glargine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H]1CSSC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3NC=NC=3)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC1=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O)=O)CSSC[C@@H](C(N2)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)C1=CN=CN1 COCFEDIXXNGUNL-RFKWWTKHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000000589 Interleukin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010002352 Interleukin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020004684 Internal Ribosome Entry Sites Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010022773 Intracranial pressure increased Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061252 Intraocular melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032382 Ischaemic stroke Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoflurane Chemical compound FC(F)OC(Cl)C(F)(F)F PIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001202975 Isophanes Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000007766 Kaposi sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008839 Kidney Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000235058 Komagataella pastoris Species 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N L-asparagine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-DHVFOXMCSA-N L-fucopyranose Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-DHVFOXMCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005551 L01XE03 - Erlotinib Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000713666 Lentivirus Species 0.000 description 1
- NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lidocaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010061523 Lip and/or oral cavity cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010007859 Lisinopril Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000031422 Lymphocytic Chronic B-Cell Leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010025312 Lymphoma AIDS related Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000030070 Malignant epithelial tumor of ovary Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010025557 Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032271 Malignant tumor of penis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001559185 Mammalian rubulavirus 5 Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000000172 Medulloblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- YJPIGAIKUZMOQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melatonin Natural products COC1=CC=C2N(C(C)=O)C=C(CCN)C2=C1 YJPIGAIKUZMOQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000002030 Merkel cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VFKZTMPDYBFSTM-KVTDHHQDSA-N Mitobronitol Chemical compound BrC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CBr VFKZTMPDYBFSTM-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZQDCMWJEBCWBR-UUOKFMHZSA-N Mizoribine Chemical compound OC1=C(C(=O)N)N=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HZQDCMWJEBCWBR-UUOKFMHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWWDHYUMIORJTA-HSQYWUDLSA-N Moexipril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CC2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C2C1)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UWWDHYUMIORJTA-HSQYWUDLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000302512 Momordica charantia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009811 Momordica charantia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000034578 Multiple myelomas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010085220 Multiprotein Complexes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000007474 Multiprotein Complexes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 201000003793 Myelodysplastic syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000033761 Myelogenous Chronic BCR-ABL Positive Leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000033776 Myeloid Acute Leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014767 Myeloproliferative disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000007224 Myeloproliferative neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000729 N-terminal amino-acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 108010057466 NF-kappa B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003945 NF-kappa B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010029240 Neuritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010029266 Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005890 Neuroma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005480 Olmesartan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010031096 Oropharyngeal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010057444 Oropharyngeal neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007571 Ovarian Epithelial Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061328 Ovarian epithelial cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010033268 Ovarian low malignant potential tumour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150034686 PDC gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150012394 PHO5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010016731 PPAR gamma Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000526 Papain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000011152 Pemphigus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010087702 Penicillinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000002471 Penile Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010034299 Penile cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000010292 Peptide Elongation Factor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010077524 Peptide Elongation Factor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000031845 Pernicious anaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100038825 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010057249 Phagocytosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000009565 Pharyngeal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010034811 Pharyngeal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010004729 Phycoerythrin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100413173 Phytolacca americana PAP2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000008199 Pleuropulmonary blastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000006664 Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012654 Primary biliary cholangitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000288906 Primates Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000007327 Protamines Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010007568 Protamines Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940124158 Protease/peptidase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000589517 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100084022 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / DSM 22644 / CIP 104116 / JCM 14847 / LMG 12228 / 1C / PRS 101 / PAO1) lapA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010037423 Pulmonary oedema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020004511 Recombinant DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010038389 Renal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017442 Retinal disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000000582 Retinoblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010038923 Retinopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010039491 Ricin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000714474 Rous sarcoma virus Species 0.000 description 1
- AUVVAXYIELKVAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N SJ000285215 Natural products N1CCC2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C2C1CC1CC2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3CCN2CC1CC AUVVAXYIELKVAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100010928 Saccharolobus solfataricus (strain ATCC 35092 / DSM 1617 / JCM 11322 / P2) tuf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000009359 Sezary Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000021388 Sezary disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000021386 Sjogren Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000039471 Small Nuclear RNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010041067 Small cell lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108010090804 Streptavidin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000439 Sulodexide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 201000009594 Systemic Scleroderma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010042953 Systemic sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031673 T-Cell Cutaneous Lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108700026226 TATA Box Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150001810 TEAD1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150074253 TEF1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940126624 Tacatuzumab tetraxetan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000037063 Thinness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010043515 Throat cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007536 Thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101710120037 Toxin CcdB Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091023040 Transcription factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000040945 Transcription factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100029898 Transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108060008683 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100040247 Tumor necrosis factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100028786 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- GBOGMAARMMDZGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD149280 Natural products N1C(=O)C23OC(=O)C=CC(O)CCCC(C)CC=CC3C(O)C(=C)C(C)C2C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 GBOGMAARMMDZGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000006704 Ulcerative Colitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010046431 Urethral cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010046458 Urethral neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000002495 Uterine Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005969 Uveal melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010072810 Vascular wall hypertrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000001866 Vernicia fordii Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010047642 Vitiligo Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004354 Vulvar Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000033559 Waldenström macroglobulinemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008383 Wilms tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYVNHPYNSPGYLI-UUOKFMHZSA-N [(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-3h-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(phosphonooxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound C1=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H]1O XYVNHPYNSPGYLI-UUOKFMHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005186 abagovomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000446 abciximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005008 abituzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008347 abrilumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002632 acarbose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XUFXOAAUWZOOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acarviostatin I01 Natural products OC1C(O)C(NC2C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)=C2)O)C(C)OC1OC(C(C1O)O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(CO)OC(O)C(O)C1O XUFXOAAUWZOOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930183665 actinomycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950004283 actoxumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002964 adalimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950009084 adecatumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008995 aducanumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003227 afelimomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001261 affinity purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003450 affinity purification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011543 agarose gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001270 agonistic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950008459 alacizumab pegol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MKOMESMZHZNBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M alagebrium Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=C(C)SC=[N+]1CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MKOMESMZHZNBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960000548 alemtuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004539 alirocumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010001818 alpha-sarcin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950009106 altumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001537 amatuximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JKOQGQFVAUAYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N amifostine Chemical compound NCCCNCCSP(O)(O)=O JKOQGQFVAUAYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001097 amifostine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoguanidine Chemical compound NNC(N)=N HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003263 anabolic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940070021 anabolic steroids Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001949 anaesthesia Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010052640 anamorelin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VQPFSIRUEPQQPP-MXBOTTGLSA-N anamorelin Chemical compound C([C@@]1(C(=O)N(C)N(C)C)CN(CCC1)C(=O)[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)C(C)(C)N)C1=CC=CC=C1 VQPFSIRUEPQQPP-MXBOTTGLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005896 anamorelin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950006061 anatumomab mafenatox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950006588 anetumab ravtansine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004037 angiogenesis inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940044094 angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010117 anifrolumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005794 anrukinzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940127003 anti-diabetic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002260 anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121363 anti-inflammatory agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940124599 anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000340 anti-metabolite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001028 anti-proliverative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003472 antidiabetic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000890 antigenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940100197 antimetabolite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002256 antimetabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000011165 anus cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000709 aorta Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- RCHHVVGSTHAVPF-ZPHPLDECSA-N apidra Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H]1CSSC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3N=CNC=3)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC1=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)CSSC[C@@H](C(N2)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)C1=CNC=N1 RCHHVVGSTHAVPF-ZPHPLDECSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003145 apolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000021780 appendiceal neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940029995 appetite stimulants Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950005725 arcitumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950000847 ascrinvacumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002882 aselizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003272 asparaginase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M asparaginate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000009582 asparagine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001230 asparagine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003852 atezolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005122 atinumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950000103 atorolimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000010928 autoimmune thyroid disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003719 b-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950001863 bapineuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002469 basement membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960004669 basiliximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007843 bavituximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003269 bectumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004965 begelomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003270 belimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000321 benralizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010015 bertilimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010559 besilesomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010051210 beta-Fructofuranosidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960000397 bevacizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008086 bezlotoxumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001303 biciromab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000026900 bile duct neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950006326 bimagrumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002853 bimekizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005522 bivatuzumab mertansine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000000053 blastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960001561 bleomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OYVAGSVQBOHSSS-UAPAGMARSA-O bleomycin A2 Chemical compound N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)NCCC=1SC=C(N=1)C=1SC=C(N=1)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)[C@@H](O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](OC(N)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)C=1N=CNC=1)C(=O)C1=NC([C@H](CC(N)=O)NC[C@H](N)C(N)=O)=NC(N)=C1C OYVAGSVQBOHSSS-UAPAGMARSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229960003008 blinatumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005042 blosozumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011350 bococizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004579 body weight change Effects 0.000 description 1
- RSIHSRDYCUFFLA-DYKIIFRCSA-N boldenone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 RSIHSRDYCUFFLA-DYKIIFRCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000012172 borderline epithelial tumor of ovary Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000008247 brain infarction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960002874 briakinumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003735 brodalumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000025 brolucizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001478 brontictuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007975 buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002092 busulfan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004899 c-terminal region Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940126608 cBR96-doxorubicin immunoconjugate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001838 canakinumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000035269 cancer or benign tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960000932 candesartan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SGZAIDDFHDDFJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N candesartan Chemical compound CCOC1=NC2=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C2N1CC(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NN=N[N]1 SGZAIDDFHDDFJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950007296 cantuzumab mertansine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011547 cantuzumab ravtansine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002176 caplacizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010023376 caplacizumab Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940034605 capromab pendetide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960004562 carboplatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 190000008236 carboplatin Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012754 cardiac puncture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950000771 carlumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005243 carmustine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006652 catabolic pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000419 catumaxomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950006754 cedelizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011748 cell maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004671 cell-free system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010008118 cerebral infarction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960003115 certolizumab pegol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005395 cetuximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NDAYQJDHGXTBJL-MWWSRJDJSA-N chembl557217 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3C4=CC=CC=C4NC=3)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3C4=CC=CC=C4NC=3)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3C4=CC=CC=C4NC=3)NC(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC=O)C(C)C)CC(C)C)C(=O)NCCO)=CNC2=C1 NDAYQJDHGXTBJL-MWWSRJDJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012829 chemotherapy agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000023973 childhood bladder carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000004018 childhood brain stem glioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026046 childhood carcinoid tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000008522 childhood cerebral astrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000015632 childhood ependymoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013549 childhood kidney neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005793 childhood medulloblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012191 childhood neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004978 chinese hamster ovary cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000006990 cholangiocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032852 chronic lymphocytic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000025302 chronic primary adrenal insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950010905 citatuzumab bogatox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950006647 cixutumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002436 cladribine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001565 clazakizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000000292 clear cell sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950002334 clenoliximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002595 clivatuzumab tetraxetan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011260 co-administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVMBSRQXOWNFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt platinum Chemical compound [Pt][Co][Pt] AVMBSRQXOWNFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950007906 codrituzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005458 coltuximab ravtansine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007276 conatumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009735 concizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940111134 coxibs Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001954 crenezumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000007241 cutaneous T cell lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017763 cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003255 cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- GBOGMAARMMDZGR-TYHYBEHESA-N cytochalasin B Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H](C([C@@H](O)[C@@H]3/C=C/C[C@H](C)CCC[C@@H](O)/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@]23C(=O)N1)=C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 GBOGMAARMMDZGR-TYHYBEHESA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBOGMAARMMDZGR-JREHFAHYSA-N cytochalasin B Natural products C[C@H]1CCC[C@@H](O)C=CC(=O)O[C@@]23[C@H](C=CC1)[C@H](O)C(=C)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@H](Cc4ccccc4)NC3=O GBOGMAARMMDZGR-JREHFAHYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010052015 cytokine release syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960003901 dacarbazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007409 dacetuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002806 daclizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002482 dalotuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950005026 dapirolizumab pegol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010048522 dapirolizumab pegol Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960002204 daratumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008135 dectrekumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RSIHSRDYCUFFLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dehydrotestosterone Natural products O=C1C=CC2(C)C3CCC(C)(C(CC4)O)C4C3CCC2=C1 RSIHSRDYCUFFLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950007998 demcizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002638 denervation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950004079 denintuzumab mafodotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001251 denosumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940126610 derlotuximab biotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950008962 detumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000033679 diabetic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930191339 dianthin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004497 dinutuximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010013023 diphtheria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950011037 diridavumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005750 disease progression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950005168 dorlimomab aritox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009964 drozitumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950003468 dupilumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009791 durvalumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011453 dusigitumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950000006 ecromeximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002224 eculizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011109 edobacomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001776 edrecolomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000284 efalizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002209 efungumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010217 eldelumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004520 electroporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950002519 elgemtumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004137 elotuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002507 elsilimomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012149 elution buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950004647 emactuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000008184 embryoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- AUVVAXYIELKVAI-CKBKHPSWSA-N emetine Chemical compound N1CCC2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C2[C@H]1C[C@H]1C[C@H]2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3CCN2C[C@@H]1CC AUVVAXYIELKVAI-CKBKHPSWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002694 emetine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AUVVAXYIELKVAI-UWBTVBNJSA-N emetine Natural products N1CCC2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C2[C@H]1C[C@H]1C[C@H]2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3CCN2C[C@H]1CC AUVVAXYIELKVAI-UWBTVBNJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004255 emibetuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000873 enalapril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GBXSMTUPTTWBMN-XIRDDKMYSA-N enalapril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GBXSMTUPTTWBMN-XIRDDKMYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002357 endometrial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001163 endosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002889 endothelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ZUBDGKVDJUIMQQ-UBFCDGJISA-N endothelin-1 Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]2CSSC[C@@H](C(N[C@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N2)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CSSC1)C1=CNC=N1 ZUBDGKVDJUIMQQ-UBFCDGJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004930 enfortumab vedotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950000565 enlimomab pegol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004270 enoblituzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001115 enobosarm Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007313 enokizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010028531 enomycin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950001752 enoticumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010640 ensituximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950006414 epitumomab cituxetan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009760 epratuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004563 eprosartan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OROAFUQRIXKEMV-LDADJPATSA-N eprosartan Chemical compound C=1C=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=1CN1C(CCCC)=NC=C1\C=C(C(O)=O)/CC1=CC=CS1 OROAFUQRIXKEMV-LDADJPATSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004292 erlizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AAKJLRGGTJKAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N erlotinib Chemical compound C=12C=C(OCCOC)C(OCCOC)=CC2=NC=NC=1NC1=CC=CC(C#C)=C1 AAKJLRGGTJKAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001433 erlotinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008579 ertumaxomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000403 etanercept Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009569 etaracizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005542 ethidium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZMMJGEGLRURXTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethidium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C12=CC(N)=CC=C2C2=CC=C(N)C=C2[N+](CC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZMMJGEGLRURXTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N ethyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093471 ethyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004912 etrolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004341 evinacumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002027 evolocumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005562 exbivirumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010195 expression analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000008819 extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003414 extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940093443 fanolesomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001488 faralimomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009929 farletuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000335 fasinumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950001563 felvizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010512 fezakinumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126864 fibroblast growth factor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010016629 fibroma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950002846 ficlatuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008085 figitumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004409 firivumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010320 flanvotumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010043 fletikumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005206 flow analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000390 fludarabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GIUYCYHIANZCFB-FJFJXFQQSA-N fludarabine phosphate Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC(F)=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GIUYCYHIANZCFB-FJFJXFQQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950004923 fontolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004356 foralumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011078 foravirumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002490 fosinopril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950004003 fresolimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009370 fulranumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009760 functional impairment Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950002140 futuximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001109 galiximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000010175 gallbladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950004896 ganitumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002508 gantenerumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004792 gavilimomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001502 gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005277 gemcitabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SDUQYLNIPVEERB-QPPQHZFASA-N gemcitabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1C(F)(F)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 SDUQYLNIPVEERB-QPPQHZFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003297 gemtuzumab ozogamicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000003115 germ cell cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000007116 gestational trophoblastic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950003717 gevokizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002026 girentuximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000762 glandular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950009672 glembatumumab vedotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZJJXGWJIGJFDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glipizide Chemical compound C1=NC(C)=CN=C1C(=O)NCCC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC2CCCCC2)C=C1 ZJJXGWJIGJFDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001381 glipizide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003862 glucocorticoid Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N glutathione Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(O)=O RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001743 golimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126613 gomiliximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950010864 guselkumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000009277 hairy cell leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002216 heart Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108010067006 heat stable toxin (E coli) Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000024200 hematopoietic and lymphoid system neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006454 hepatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000283 hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 206010073071 hepatocellular carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000844 hepatocellular carcinoma Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000008241 heterogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000029824 high grade glioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000033519 human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004408 hybridoma Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004191 hydrophobic interaction chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 201000006866 hypopharynx cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002267 hypothalamic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950010245 ibalizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001001 ibritumomab tiuxetan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950006359 icrucumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002308 idarucizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002200 igovomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950003680 imalumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007354 imciromab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005646 imgatuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000026278 immune system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002163 immunogen Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002998 immunogenetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940072221 immunoglobulins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003364 immunohistochemistry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002955 immunomodulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121354 immunomodulator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002584 immunomodulator Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940051026 immunotoxin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002596 immunotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950009230 inclacumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011428 indatuximab ravtansine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950000932 indusatumab vedotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007574 infarction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000598 infliximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950007937 inolimomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004101 inotuzumab ozogamicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004717 insulin aspart Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003948 insulin detemir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002869 insulin glargine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108700039926 insulin glulisine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960000696 insulin glulisine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001014 intetumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000009941 intracranial hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007928 intraperitoneal injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001573 invertase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011073 invertase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005386 ipilimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010939 iratumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002198 irbesartan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YCPOHTHPUREGFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N irbesartan Chemical compound O=C1N(CC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C=2[N]N=NN=2)C(CCCC)=NC21CCCC2 YCPOHTHPUREGFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004768 irinotecan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N irinotecan Chemical compound C1=C2C(CC)=C3CN(C(C4=C([C@@](C(=O)OC4)(O)CC)C=4)=O)C=4C3=NC2=CC=C1OC(=O)N(CC1)CCC1N1CCCCC1 UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229950007752 isatuximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000302 ischemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004153 islets of langerhan Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960002725 isoflurane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003818 itolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005435 ixekizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010828 keliximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000010982 kidney cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003292 kidney cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000244 kidney pelvis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950000518 labetuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950000482 lampalizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010032674 lampalizumab Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950002183 lebrikizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001275 lemalesomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007439 lenzilumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010470 lerdelimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UGOZVNFCFYTPAZ-IOXYNQHNSA-N levemir Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=2N=CNC=2)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=2N=CNC=2)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C)C)CSSC[C@@H]2NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC2=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 UGOZVNFCFYTPAZ-IOXYNQHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950002884 lexatumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005173 libivirumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004194 lidocaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004529 lifastuzumab vedotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009923 ligelizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001237 lilotomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126616 lilotomab satetraxetan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950002950 lintuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011263 lirilumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002394 lisinopril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RLAWWYSOJDYHDC-BZSNNMDCSA-N lisinopril Chemical compound C([C@H](N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 RLAWWYSOJDYHDC-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006208 lodelcizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000359 lokivetmab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002247 lomustine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003526 lorvotuzumab mertansine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004773 losartan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KJJZZJSZUJXYEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N losartan Chemical compound CCCCC1=NC(Cl)=C(CO)N1CC1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C=2[N]N=NN=2)C=C1 KJJZZJSZUJXYEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000020442 loss of weight Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940080268 lotensin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950004563 lucatumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008140 lulizumab pegol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000128 lumiliximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010079 lumretuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000003588 lysine group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 208000002780 macular degeneration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036210 malignancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000029559 malignant endocrine neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000011614 malignant glioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950001869 mapatumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003135 margetuximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950008083 maslimomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950008001 matuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007254 mavrilimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004961 mechlorethamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HAWPXGHAZFHHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N mechlorethamine Chemical compound ClCCN(C)CCCl HAWPXGHAZFHHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQZAXGRLVPAYTJ-GQFGMJRRSA-N megestrol acetate Chemical compound C1=C(C)C2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(C)=O)(OC(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 RQZAXGRLVPAYTJ-GQFGMJRRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004296 megestrol acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DRLFMBDRBRZALE-UHFFFAOYSA-N melatonin Chemical compound COC1=CC=C2NC=C(CCNC(C)=O)C2=C1 DRLFMBDRBRZALE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003987 melatonin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001924 melphalan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N melphalan Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 SGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000008350 membranous glomerulonephritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960005108 mepolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001428 mercaptopurine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000037970 metastatic squamous neck cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950005555 metelimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N metformin Chemical compound CN(C)C(=N)NC(N)=N XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003105 metformin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HPNSFSBZBAHARI-UHFFFAOYSA-N micophenolic acid Natural products OC1=C(CC=C(C)CCC(O)=O)C(OC)=C(C)C2=C1C(=O)OC2 HPNSFSBZBAHARI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000520 microinjection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000007309 middle cerebral artery infarction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950003734 milatuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002142 minretumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000035 mirvetuximab soravtansine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005485 mitobronitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003063 mitumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950000844 mizoribine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010010621 modeccin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950005674 modotuximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005170 moexipril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007699 mogamulizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950008897 morolimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001521 motavizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010172 mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950000720 moxetumomab pasudotox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010051747 multiple endocrine neoplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960003816 muromonab-cd3 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000869 mutational effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010028417 myasthenia gravis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940014456 mycophenolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HPNSFSBZBAHARI-RUDMXATFSA-N mycophenolic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(C\C=C(/C)CCC(O)=O)C(OC)=C(C)C2=C1C(=O)OC2 HPNSFSBZBAHARI-RUDMXATFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMCWIHQJEQYHPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-[(2-aminohydrazinyl)methylideneamino]ethyl]acetamide;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(=O)NCCN=CNNN CMCWIHQJEQYHPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBWLTKFZAOSWSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[6-methoxy-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-ylpyrimidin-4-yl]-5-methylpyridine-2-sulfonamide Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C(=NC(=N1)C=2C=CN=CC=2)OC)=C1NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=N1 YBWLTKFZAOSWSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003027 nacolomab tafenatox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007708 namilumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009793 naptumomab estafenatox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008353 narnatumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000018795 nasal cavity and paranasal sinus carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960005027 natalizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000698 nateglinide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OELFLUMRDSZNSF-BRWVUGGUSA-N nateglinide Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](C(C)C)CC[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OELFLUMRDSZNSF-BRWVUGGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002915 nebacumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000513 necitumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950010012 nemolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000005170 neoplastic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000008026 nephroblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950009675 nerelimomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002697 nesvacumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000007538 neurilemmoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027831 neuroepithelial neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000926 neurological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002981 neuropathic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229950010203 nimotuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003301 nivolumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000002154 non-small cell lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002687 nonaqueous vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- VOMXSOIBEJBQNF-UTTRGDHVSA-N novorapid Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O)C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)C1=CN=CN1 VOMXSOIBEJBQNF-UTTRGDHVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003419 obiltoxaximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009090 ocaratuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005751 ocrelizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000008106 ocular cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000002575 ocular melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950010465 odulimomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002450 ofatumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950008516 olaratumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005117 olmesartan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VTRAEEWXHOVJFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N olmesartan Chemical compound CCCC1=NC(C(C)(C)O)=C(C(O)=O)N1CC1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C=2NN=NN=2)C=C1 VTRAEEWXHOVJFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010006 olokizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000470 omalizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000846 onartuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002104 ontuxizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010704 opicinumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009057 oportuzumab monatox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007283 oregovomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000006958 oropharynx cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950009007 orticumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000008968 osteosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950002610 otelixizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000121 otlertuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000021284 ovarian germ cell tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002018 overexpression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950003709 oxelumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009723 ozanezumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004327 ozoralizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950010626 pagibaximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000005877 painful neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960000402 palivizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000002530 pancreatic endocrine carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960001972 panitumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126618 pankomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003570 panobacumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950004260 parsatuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950011485 pascolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000037 pasotuxizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003522 pateclizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008506 pathogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950010966 patritumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000000389 pediatric ependymoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150040383 pel2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150050446 pelB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000001976 pemphigus vulgaris Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960005570 pemtumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011098 pendetide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009506 penicillinase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 229940067082 pentetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001476 pentoxifylline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940111202 pepsin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000137 peptide hydrolase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950005079 perakizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002582 perindopril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IPVQLZZIHOAWMC-QXKUPLGCSA-N perindopril Chemical compound C1CCC[C@H]2C[C@@H](C(O)=O)N(C(=O)[C@H](C)N[C@@H](CCC)C(=O)OCC)[C@H]21 IPVQLZZIHOAWMC-QXKUPLGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001322 periplasm Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002087 pertuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003203 pexelizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008782 phagocytosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010076042 phenomycin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000028591 pheochromocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150009573 phoA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229950010773 pidilizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950010074 pinatuzumab vedotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000003113 pineoblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940126620 pintumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005095 pioglitazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008092 placulumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000010626 plasma cell neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229950009416 polatuzumab vedotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002704 polyhistidine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000005987 polymyositis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229950003486 ponezumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940124606 potential therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000011461 pre-eclampsia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950003700 priliximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000025638 primary cutaneous T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950011407 pritoxaximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009904 pritumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000861 pro-apoptotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004919 procaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N procaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000624 procarbazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CPTBDICYNRMXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N procarbazine Chemical compound CNNCC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(C)C)C=C1 CPTBDICYNRMXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001500 prolyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])(C(=O)[*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003712 propranolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940048914 protamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009145 protein modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001742 protein purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017854 proteolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000005333 pulmonary edema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950010131 puromycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000008151 pyridoxamine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011699 pyridoxamine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043131 pyroglutamate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000275 quality assurance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950003033 quilizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001455 quinapril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JSDRRTOADPPCHY-HSQYWUDLSA-N quinapril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2C1)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JSDRRTOADPPCHY-HSQYWUDLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950011613 racotumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011639 radretumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950002786 rafivirumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009885 ralpancizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003401 ramipril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HDACQVRGBOVJII-JBDAPHQKSA-N ramipril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](C[C@@H]2CCC[C@@H]21)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 HDACQVRGBOVJII-JBDAPHQKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002633 ramucirumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003876 ranibizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108700028861 rat Tnfrsf12a Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960004910 raxibacumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003259 recombinant expression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010188 recombinant method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000018770 reduced food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229950000987 refanezumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005854 regavirumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002354 repaglinide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003254 reslizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011268 retreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950003238 rilotumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005978 rinucumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004641 rituximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001808 robatumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010699 roledumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010968 romosozumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010316 rontalizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004586 rosiglitazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009092 rovelizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZCBUQCWBWNUWSU-SFHVURJKSA-N ruboxistaurin Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C2=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=CN1CCO[C@H](CN(C)C)CCN1C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 ZCBUQCWBWNUWSU-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000261 ruboxistaurin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005374 ruplizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000143 sacituzumab govitecan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ULRUOUDIQPERIJ-PQURJYPBSA-N sacituzumab govitecan Chemical compound N([C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)COC(=O)O[C@]1(CC)C(=O)OCC2=C1C=C1N(C2=O)CC2=C(C3=CC(O)=CC=C3N=C21)CC)C(=O)COCC(=O)NCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCN(N=N1)C=C1CNC(=O)C(CC1)CCC1CN1C(=O)CC(SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)C1=O ULRUOUDIQPERIJ-PQURJYPBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000106 samalizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000000306 sarcoidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950006348 sarilumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007308 satumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010039667 schwannoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960004540 secukinumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004054 semiconductor nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950008834 seribantumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003607 serino group Chemical group [H]N([H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)[*])C(O[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229950003850 setoxaximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004951 sevirumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008684 sibrotuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010077 sifalimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003323 siltuximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009513 simtuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003804 siplizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950006094 sirukumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003998 size exclusion chromatography high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002027 skeletal muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000000587 small cell lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000002314 small intestine cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091029842 small nuclear ribonucleic acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001540 sodium lactate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011088 sodium lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005581 sodium lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229950003763 sofituzumab vedotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007874 solanezumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950011267 solitomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950006551 sontuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010062261 spinal cord neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011699 spontaneously hypertensive rat Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010041823 squamous cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950002549 stamulumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037351 starvation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010708 sulesomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003491 sulodexide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004114 suspension culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950001915 suvizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940037128 systemic glucocorticoids Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010265 tabalumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950001072 tadocizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004218 talizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008160 tanezumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001603 taplitumomab paptox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007435 tarextumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000864 technetium (99mtc) nofetumomab merpentan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001788 tefibazumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008300 telimomab aritox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005187 telmisartan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CBPNZQVSJQDFBE-HGVVHKDOSA-N temsirolimus Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](OC(=O)C(C)(CO)CO)[C@H](OC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCCN2C(=O)C(=O)[C@](O)(O2)[C@H](C)CCC2C[C@H](OC)/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](OC)[C@H](O)/C(C)=C/[C@@H](C)C(=O)C1 CBPNZQVSJQDFBE-HGVVHKDOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001289 tenatumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950000301 teneliximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001278 teniposide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NRUKOCRGYNPUPR-QBPJDGROSA-N teniposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@@H](OC[C@H]4O3)C=3SC=CC=3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 NRUKOCRGYNPUPR-QBPJDGROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010127 teplizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010259 teprotumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009054 tesidolumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003604 testosterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002372 tetracaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GKCBAIGFKIBETG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracaine Chemical compound CCCCNC1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCN(C)C)C=C1 GKCBAIGFKIBETG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPLHNVLQVRSVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N texas red Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=CC=C1C(C1=CC=2CCCN3CCCC(C=23)=C1O1)=C2C1=C(CCC1)C3=[N+]1CCCC3=C2 MPLHNVLQVRSVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003433 thalidomide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229950004742 tigatuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005515 tildrakizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003087 tioguanine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000303 topotecan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UCFGDBYHRUNTLO-QHCPKHFHSA-N topotecan Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 UCFGDBYHRUNTLO-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001802 toralizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008836 tosatoxumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005267 tositumomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005808 tovetumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229950000835 tralokinumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005026 transcription initiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005030 transcription termination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010044412 transitional cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960000575 trastuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010086 tregalizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007217 tremelimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950006444 trevogrumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950003364 tucotuzumab celmoleukin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108700008509 tucotuzumab celmoleukin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003298 tumor necrosis factor receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000029729 tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 11 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950005082 tuvirumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004593 ublituximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010095 ulocuplumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010048828 underweight Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000018417 undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma of bone Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000701161 unidentified adenovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000712461 unidentified influenza virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000011291 urachus cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950005972 urelumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000626 ureter Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950004362 urtoxazumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003824 ustekinumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010046766 uterine cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037965 uterine sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010046885 vaginal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013139 vaginal neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960004699 valsartan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SJSNUMAYCRRIOM-QFIPXVFZSA-N valsartan Chemical compound C1=CC(CN(C(=O)CCCC)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NN=N[N]1 SJSNUMAYCRRIOM-QFIPXVFZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229950001876 vandortuzumab vedotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950008718 vantictumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000449 vanucizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000386 vapaliximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001067 varlilumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004862 vasculogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950002148 vatelizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004914 vedolizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000815 veltuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005208 vepalimomab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010789 vesencumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004854 viral vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950004393 visilizumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000239 visual pathway Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004400 visual pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950001212 volociximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950003511 votumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001262 western blot Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037314 wound repair Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002424 x-ray crystallography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229950008250 zalutumumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009002 zanolimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950009083 ziralimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001346 zolimomab aritox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2878—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the NGF-receptor/TNF-receptor superfamily, e.g. CD27, CD30, CD40, CD95
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
- A61P21/06—Anabolic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/30—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants from tumour cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
- C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
- C07K2317/565—Complementarity determining region [CDR]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
- C07K2317/567—Framework region [FR]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
- C07K2317/92—Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to humanized Fn14-binding proteins comprising an antibody variable region that specifically binds to Fn14 and uses thereof and methods of treating, preventing, diagnosing or prognosing various conditions including wasting disorders, such as cachexia.
- Fibroblast growth factor inducible 14 (Fn14 or TNFRSF12A), is a member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor receptor superfamily. Expression of Fn14 is up-regulated by growth factors in vitro and in vivo in response to tissue injury, regeneration, and inflammation.
- Fn 14- mediated signaling is involved in pathways that play important roles in human diseases.
- Fn14-mediated signaling has been suggested to play a role in numerous diseases, including, cancer, metastasis, immunological disorders (including autoimmune diseases, graft rejection and graft versus host disease, and chronic and acute neurological conditions [including stroke]).
- Fn14 is expressed by many non-lymphoid cell types (epithelial, mesenchymal, endothelial cells and neurons), by many tissue progenitor cells, including all progenitor cells of the mesenchymal lineage. This protein is highly inducible by growth factors e.g., in serum that are encountered in vivo at sites of tissue injuries and/or tissue remodelling. As a consequence, Fn14 expression is relatively low in most healthy tissues, but increased in injured and/or diseased tissues.
- Fn14 in wound repair and muscle development has also been extended to the aetiology of cachexia, with tumor expressed Fn14 shown to be responsible for the induction of cachexia and tumor induced inflammation.
- animal e.g., murine
- derived antibodies therapeutically can trigger the generation of antibodies directed at the foreign protein as well as adverse events, such as cytokine release syndrome.
- adverse events such as cytokine release syndrome.
- humanized and fully human monoclonal antibodies have, to some extent, addressed these issues.
- humanization of murine antibodies is not always successful with reductions in clinical effectiveness as a result of reduced antigen-binding and protein stability.
- humanized therapeutic antibodies that bind to Fn14 are desirable.
- stable humanized antibodies that bind to Fn14 are desirable. These antibodies can be used to treat, prevent and/or reduce progression of Fn14-mediated conditions.
- the present disclosure is based on the inventors’ production of a humanized antibody that binds specifically to Fn14.
- the inventors found that the stability of the antibody on human IgGi and lgG4 frameworks was reduced and the antibodies had a propensity to aggregate. Accordingly, the inventors performed a second round of humanization including selected conservative and non-conservative back mutations to the murine amino acid sequence to improve the stability of the antibody. Surprisingly, certain conservative amino acid mutations in the light chain variable region (VL) back to the parental murine residues improved the stability and reduced aggregation of the humanized antibody on both human IgGi and lgG 4 frameworks.
- VL light chain variable region
- the present disclosure is broadly directed to a Fn14-binding protein comprising humanized antibody variable regions that specifically binds to Fn14.
- the present disclosure provides a humanized Fn14-binding protein comprising an antibody variable region that specifically binds to Fn14, wherein the antibody variable region comprises a heavy chain variable region (V H ) comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 and a light chain variable region (VL) comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 12-14, 16 or 18.
- V H heavy chain variable region
- VL light chain variable region
- the present disclosure also provides a humanized Fn14-binding protein comprising an antibody variable region that specifically binds to Fn14, wherein the antibody variable region comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 and a V L comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12.
- the present disclosure further provides a humanized Fn14-binding protein comprising an antibody variable region that specifically binds to Fn14, wherein the antibody variable region comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 and a V L comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13.
- the present disclosure also provides a humanized Fn14-binding protein comprising an antibody variable region that specifically binds to Fn14, wherein the antibody variable region comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14.
- the present disclosure provides a humanized Fn14-binding protein comprising an antibody variable region that specifically binds to Fn14, wherein the antibody variable region comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 16.
- the present disclosure further provides a humanized Fn14-binding protein comprising an antibody variable region that specifically binds to Fn14, wherein the antibody variable region comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 and a V L comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18.
- a humanized Fn14-binding protein comprising an antibody variable region that specifically binds to Fn14, wherein the antibody variable region comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 and a V L comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18.
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein of the present disclosure binds to recombinant human Fn14 with an affinity dissociation constant (KD) of 3nM or less.
- KD affinity dissociation constant
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein binds to recombinant human Fn14 with an KD of 3nM or less, such as, 2.5nM or less, for example, 2nM or less, or 1.5nM or less.
- the KD is between about 2nM and 2.5nM, such as between about 2.1 nM and 2.3nM, for example, between about 2.2nM and 2.3nM.
- the KD is about 2.23nM.
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein binds to cynomolgus Fn14 with a KD of 2.5nM or less, such as 2nM or less, for example, 1.5nM or less, or 1 nM or less.
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein binds to rat Fn14 with a KD of 5.5nM or less, such as 5nM or less, for example, 4.5nM or less or 4nM or less.
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein binds to murine Fn14 with a KD of 5nM or less, such as 4.5nM or less, for example, 4nM or less or 3.5nM or less.
- the KD is assessed by immobilizing the e.g., recombinant human Fn14 and assessing binding of the Fn14-binding protein to the immobilized Fn14 using surface plasmon resonance.
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein of the present disclosure comprises a VH and a VL wherein:
- V H and the V L are in a single polypeptide chain and the protein is selected from the group consisting of:
- VH and the VL are in separate polypeptide chains and the protein is selected from the group consisting of:
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein of the present disclosure comprises a VH and a VL wherein the VH and the VL are in a single polypeptide chain and the protein is selected from the group consisting of:
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein of the present disclosure comprises a V H and a VL, wherein the V H and the V L are in separate polypeptide chains and the protein is selected from the group consisting of:
- the Fn14-binding protein of the present disclosure is an antibody.
- Exemplary antibodies are full length and/or naked antibodies.
- the Fn14- binding protein is an anti-Fn14 antibody.
- the anti-Fn14 antibody is a monoclonal anti-Fn14 antibody.
- the present disclosure provides a humanized anti-Fn14 antibody, wherein the antibody comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 12-14, 16 or 18.
- the present disclosure also provides a humanized anti-Fn14 antibody, wherein the antibody comprises a V H comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12.
- the present disclosure further provides a humanized anti-Fn14 antibody, wherein the antibody comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 and a V L comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13.
- the present disclosure also provides a humanized anti-Fn14 antibody, wherein the antibody comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 and a V L comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14.
- the present disclosure further provides a humanized anti-Fn14 antibody, wherein the antibody comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 and a V L comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 16.
- the present disclosure provides a humanized anti-Fn14 antibody, wherein the antibody comprises a VH comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18.
- the present disclosure also provides a Fn14-binding protein comprising a V H and a VL of the present disclosure, wherein the VH is linked to a human heavy chain constant region and the VL is linked to a human light chain constant region.
- the Fn14- binding protein comprises a heavy chain constant region of isotype IgGi or lgG4 and a light chain constant region of isotype kappa.
- the Fn14-binding protein comprises an IgGi or lgG 4 heavy chain and a kappa light chain.
- the Fn14-binding protein comprises a heavy chain constant region of isotype IgGi and a light chain constant region of isotype kappa.
- the Fn14-binding protein comprises an IgGi heavy chain and a kappa light chain.
- Fn14-binding protein comprises a heavy chain constant region of isotype lgG 4 and a light chain constant region of isotype kappa.
- the Fn14-binding protein comprises an lgG 4 heavy chain and a kappa light chain.
- the lgG 4 heavy chain comprises a stabilized lgG 4 constant region.
- the present disclosure provides a humanized anti-Fn14 antibody, wherein the antibody comprises:
- the present disclosure further provides a humanized anti-Fn14 antibody, wherein the antibody comprises:
- the disclosure provides a humanized Fn14-binding protein or a humanized anti-Fn14 antibody, wherein the binding protein or antibody comprises a VH comprising a sequence expressed from or encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 7 and a VL comprising a sequence expressed from or encoded by a nucleic acid comprising any one of SEQ ID NOs: 9-11 , 15 or 17.
- the disclosure provides a humanized Fn14-binding protein or a humanized anti-Fn14 antibody, wherein the binding protein or antibody comprises a VH comprising a sequence expressed from or encoded by a nucleic acid comprising SEQ ID NO: 7 and a V L comprising a sequence expressed from or encoded by a nucleic acid comprising SEQ ID NO: 9.
- the disclosure provides a humanized Fn14-binding protein or a humanized anti-Fn14 antibody, wherein the binding protein or antibody comprises a VH comprising a sequence expressed from or encoded by a nucleic acid comprising SEQ ID NO: 9 and a V L comprising a sequence expressed from or encoded by a nucleic acid comprising SEQ ID NO: 10.
- the disclosure provides a humanized Fn14-binding protein or a humanized anti-Fn14 antibody, wherein the binding protein or antibody comprises a VH comprising a sequence expressed from or encoded by a nucleic comprising SEQ ID NO: 7 and a V L comprising a sequence expressed from or encoded by a nucleic acid comprising SEQ ID NO: 1 1.
- the disclosure provides a humanized Fn14-binding protein or a humanized anti-Fn14 antibody, wherein the binding protein or antibody comprises a VH comprising a sequence expressed from or encoded by a nucleic acid comprising SEQ ID NO: 8 and a VL comprising a sequence expressed from or encoded by a nucleic acid comprising SEQ ID NO: 15.
- the disclosure provides a humanized Fn14-binding protein or a humanized anti-Fn14 antibody, wherein the binding protein or antibody comprises a VH comprising a sequence expressed from or encoded by a nucleic acid comprising SEQ ID NO: 7 and a VL comprising a sequence expressed from or encoded by a nucleic acid comprising SEQ ID NO: 17.
- the present disclosure provides a humanized anti-Fn14 antibody, wherein the antibody comprises:
- an IgGi heavy chain comprising a VH comprising a sequence expressed from or encoded by a nucleic acid comprising SEQ ID NO: 7;
- a kappa light chain comprising a V L comprising a sequence expressed from or encoded by a nucleic acid comprising SEQ ID NO: 17.
- the present disclosure further provides a humanized anti-Fn14 antibody, wherein the antibody comprises:
- an lgG 4 heavy chain comprising a V H comprising a sequence expressed from or encoded by a nucleic acid comprising SEQ ID NO: 7;
- a kappa light chain comprising a VL comprising a sequence expressed from or encoded by a nucleic acid comprising SEQ ID NO: 17.
- the Fn14-binding protein or antibody of the present disclosure is conjugated to a compound.
- the compound is selected from the group consisting of a radioisotope, a detectable label, a therapeutic compound, a colloid, a toxin, a nucleic acid, a peptide, a protein, a compound that increases the half-life of the Fn14- binding protein in a subject and mixtures thereof.
- the Fn14-binding protein or antibody of the present disclosure is conjugated to a radioisotope.
- the radioisotope is zirconium-89 ( 89 Zr).
- the Fn14-binding protein or antibody of the present disclosure is conjugated to the compound via a metal ion chelator.
- the metal ion chelator is p-lsothiocyanatobenzyldesferrioxamine (Df).
- the Fn14-binding protein or antibody of the present disclosure is conjugated to 89 Zr via Df.
- the polynucleotide is codon optimized.
- the polynucleotide of the disclosure is operably linked to a heterologous promoter.
- the present disclosure additionally provides an expression construct comprising the nucleic acid of the disclosure operably linked to a promoter.
- an expression construct can be in a vector, e.g., a plasmid.
- the expression construct may comprise a promoter linked to a nucleic acid encoding that polypeptide chain.
- an expression construct of the disclosure comprises a nucleic acid encoding one of the polypeptides (e.g., comprising a V H ) operably linked to a promoter and a nucleic acid encoding another of the polypeptides (e.g., comprising a V L ) operably linked to another promoter.
- the expression construct is a bicistronic expression construct, e.g., comprising the following operably linked components in 5’ to 3’ order:
- the first polypeptide comprises a VH and the second polypeptide comprises a VL, or the first polypeptide comprises a VL and the second polypeptide comprises a V H .
- the present disclosure also contemplates separate expression constructs one of which encodes a first polypeptide (e.g., comprising a VH) and another of which encodes a second polypeptide (e.g., comprising a V L ).
- a composition comprising:
- a first expression construct comprising a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide (e.g., comprising a VH operably linked to a promoter);
- a second expression construct comprising a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide (e.g., comprising a V L operably linked to a promoter), wherein the first and second polypeptides associate to form a Fn14-binding protein of the present disclosure.
- a polypeptide e.g., comprising a V L operably linked to a promoter
- the present disclosure additionally provides an isolated cell expressing the Fn14- binding protein or antibody of the present disclosure or a recombinant cell genetically- modified to express a Fn14-binding protein or antibody of the disclosure.
- the disclosure provides use of an isolated cell for preparing the humanized Fn14-binding protein or antibody of the disclosure.
- the cell is an isolated hybridoma.
- the cell comprises the nucleic acid of the disclosure or the expression construct of the disclosure or:
- a first expression construct comprising a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide (e.g., comprising a V H ) operably linked to a promoter;
- a second expression construct comprising a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide (e.g., comprising a V L ) operably linked to a promoter, wherein the first and second polypeptides associate to form a Fn14-binding protein or antibody of the present disclosure.
- a polypeptide e.g., comprising a V L
- the present disclosure additionally provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the Fn14-binding protein or the antibody or the nucleic acid or the expression construct or the cell of the present disclosure and a suitable carrier.
- the pharmaceutical composition comprises the Fn14-binding protein or the antibody of the present disclosure.
- the carrier is pharmaceutically acceptable.
- the present disclosure additionally provides the Fn14-binding protein or the antibody or the nucleic acid or the expression construct or the cell or the composition of the present disclosure for use as a medicament.
- the present disclosure additionally provides the Fn14-binding protein or the antibody or the nucleic acid or the expression construct or the cell or the composition of the present disclosure for use in treating, preventing and/or delaying progression of a disease or condition in a subject.
- the Fn14-binding protein or the antibody or the nucleic acid or the expression construct or the cell or the composition of the present disclosure is for use in treating a disease or condition in a subject.
- the Fn14-binding protein or the antibody or the nucleic acid or the expression construct or the cell or the composition of the present disclosure is for use in preventing a disease or condition in a subject.
- the Fn14-binding protein or the antibody or the nucleic acid or the expression construct or the cell or the composition of the present disclosure is for use in delaying progression of a disease or condition in a subject.
- the present disclosure also provides a method of treating, preventing and/or delaying progression of a disease or condition in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject the Fn14-binding protein or the antibody or the nucleic acid or the expression construct or the cell or the composition of the present disclosure to the subject.
- the disclosure provides a method of treating a disease or condition in a subject.
- the disclosure provides a method of preventing a disease or condition in a subject.
- the disclosure provides a method of delaying progression of a disease or condition in a subject.
- the present disclosure additionally provides use of the Fn14-binding protein or the antibody or the nucleic acid or the expression construct or the cell or the composition of the present disclosure in the manufacture of a medicament for treating, preventing and/or delaying progression of a disease or condition in a subject in need thereof.
- the disclosure provides for use of the Fn14-binding protein or the antibody or the nucleic acid or the expression construct or the cell or the composition of the present disclosure in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease or condition in a subject.
- the disclosure provides for use of the Fn14-binding protein or the antibody or the nucleic acid or the expression construct or the cell or the composition of the present disclosure in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing a disease or condition in a subject.
- the disclosure provides for use of the Fn14-binding protein or the antibody or the nucleic acid or the expression construct or the cell or the composition of the present disclosure in the manufacture of a medicament for delaying progression of a disease or condition in a subject.
- the subject is suffering from the disease or condition (i.e. , the subject is in need of treatment).
- the disease and/or condition is a Fn14-mediated condition.
- the Fn14-mediated condition is cancer, metastasis, tissue invasion by a cancer, excessive vascularization or angiogenesis, an autoimmune disease, an inflammatory disease, a neurodegenerative diseases, a wasting disorder, keloid scarring, graft versus host disease, graft rejection or ischemia.
- the Fn14-mediated condition is cancer.
- the Fn14-mediated condition is metastasis.
- the Fn14-mediated condition is tissue invasion by a cancer.
- the Fn14-mediated condition is excessive vascularization or angiogenesis.
- the Fn14-mediated condition is an autoimmune disease or an inflammatory disease.
- the condition is a connective tissue disease (including inflammatory arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis or gout), lupus (including systemic lupus erythematosus), type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, vasculitis (including Wegener’s granulomatosis and Henoch Schonlein Syndrome), nephritis (including glomerulonephritis and pneumonitis), atherosclerosis or inflammation of the eye (including uveitis).
- connective tissue disease including inflammatory arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis or gout), lupus (including systemic lupus erythematosus), type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, vasculitis (including Wegener’s granulomatosis and Henoch Schonlein Syndrome), nephritis (including
- the Fn14-mediated condition is a neurodegenerative disease.
- the Fn14-mediated condition is keloid scarring.
- the Fn14-mediated condition is graft versus host disease.
- the Fn14-mediated condition is graft rejection.
- the Fn14-mediated condition is ischemia.
- the Fn14-mediated condition is a wasting disorder.
- the wasting disorder is selected from the group consisting of unintended body weight loss, cachexia, muscle wasting and fat wasting.
- the wasting disorder is unintended body weight loss.
- the wasting disorder is cachexia.
- the wasting disorder is muscle wasting.
- the wasting disorder is fat wasting.
- the wasting disorder is associated with a condition.
- the wasting disorder is associated with a condition selected from the group consisting of cancer, metabolic acidosis, infectious diseases, diabetes, autoimmune immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), autoimmune disorders, addiction to drugs, cirrhosis of the liver, chronic inflammatory disorders, anorexia, chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, skeletal muscle disease, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, muscle atrophy and neurodegenerative disease.
- the wasting disorder is cachexia or sarcopenia (e.g., muscle wasting associated with aging or muscle wasting associated with extended confinement to bed or other restrictions to muscle use).
- the wasting disorder is cachexia.
- the cachexia is precachexia.
- the cachexia is overt cachexia.
- the cachexia is refractory cachexia.
- the wasting disorder is sarcopenia (e.g., muscle wasting associated with aging or muscle wasting associated with extended confinement to bed or other restrictions to muscle use).
- the subject is suffering from cachexia (i.e., the subject is in need of treatment).
- the cachexia is associated with cancer, infectious disease (e.g., tuberculosis or leprosy), AIDS, autoimmune disease (including rheumatoid arthritis or type 1 diabetes), cystic fibrosis, drug addiction, alcoholism or liver cirrhosis.
- infectious disease e.g., tuberculosis or leprosy
- AIDS e.g., rheumatoid arthritis or type 1 diabetes
- cystic fibrosis e.g., cystic fibrosis
- drug addiction e.g., alcoholism or liver cirrhosis.
- the cachexia is associated with a condition selected from rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, cardiac disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic pulmonary inflammation, intestinal inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, age, sepsis or AIDS.
- the wasting disorder is cachexia associated with cancer (i.e., cancer cachexia).
- the cachexia is cancer cachexia (i.e., the subject has or is suffering from cancer).
- Numerous types of cancer are associated with cachexia, including but not limited to, solid tumors, carcinoma, neuroma, melanoma, leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, fibroma, thyroid cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, blastoma, bone cancer, bone tumor, brain stem glioma, brain tumor, breast cancer, bronchial tumor, cervical cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, neuroepithelial tumor, endometrial cancer, endometrial uterine cancer, fallopian tube cancer, kidney cancer, oral cancer, myeloma, neoplasm, neurinoma, neuroblastoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, rectal cancer or renal cell carcinoma. Additional cancers are described herein.
- the wasting disorder is cachexia associated with diabetes.
- the cachexia is diabetic cachexia (i.e., the subject has or is suffering from diabetes).
- the cachexia is associated with or caused by type 1 diabetes.
- the cachexia is associated with or caused by type 2 diabetes.
- the method comprises administering the Fn14-binding protein to a subject suffering from a condition associated with a wasting disorder, wherein the condition is associated with or caused by a cell expressing Fn14.
- the method comprises administering the Fn14-binding protein or antibody of the disclosure to a subject suffering from cancer cachexia, wherein the subject suffers from a cancer expressing Fn14.
- the method additionally comprises selecting a subject suffering from a wasting disorder associated with a condition associated with or caused by a cell expressing Fn14.
- the method additionally comprises selecting a subject suffering from cancer cachexia, wherein the subject suffers from a cancer expressing Fn14.
- Methods of treatment described herein can additionally comprise administering a further treatment for a wasting disorder (e.g., cachexia).
- a wasting disorder e.g., cachexia
- Methods of treatment of a wasting disorder can additionally comprise administering a further compound to treat or prevent (or delay progression of) cancer and/or diabetes.
- a further compound to treat or prevent (or delay progression of) cancer and/or diabetes.
- Exemplary compounds are described herein.
- the present disclosure also provides a kit comprising the Fn14-binding protein or the antibody or the nucleic acid or the expression construct or the cell or the composition of the present disclosure packaged with instructions for use in the treatment or prevention or delaying the progression of a wasting disorder (e.g., cachexia).
- a wasting disorder e.g., cachexia
- the subject is a mammal, for example a primate, such as a human.
- Figure 1 is the clustal alignment of murine and humanized first generation (A) light chain variable region protein sequences and (B) heavy chain variable region protein sequences. “*’ indicates fully conserved residue, indicates strongly conserved residue, 7 Indicates weakly conserved residue and indicates a gap in the sequence.
- Figure 2 is a graphical representation of size exclusion chromatography analysis of (C, D) first and (A, B) second generation hu002 IgGi and lgG4 constructs. Each panel includes chromatograms with detection at A214nm (upper panels) and A280nm (lower panels).
- Figure 3A is a graphical representation showing body weight curves expressed as percentage of body weight at therapy commencement (% of initial); Arrows indicate time points of therapy (10 mg/kg, IP).
- Figure 5 is a graphical representation of X-ray crystallography structural data showing the interaction of Fn14 with (A, C) mu002 and (B, D) ITEM-1 .
- Figure 6 is a series of graphical representations showing NF-kB reporter assay upon the treatments of humanized constructs 002-hlgG1 or 002-hlgG4 or PDL192 or P484 at indicated concentrations with addition of TWEAK-Fc.
- Figure 7 is a graphical representation showing solid phase in vitro binding properties of non-optimised 89 Zr-Df-mu002, (20 ng) alone or in the presence of excess 20 pg mu002 binding to increasing concentrations of Fn14 -Ni-NTA agarose beads (1 pg/ pL).
- Figure 10 is a series of graphical representations showing statistical analysis of tumor, kidney and liver uptake (%l D/g) on day 2 and day 7 post injection of 89 Zr-radiolabeled 002 constructs and isotype lgG1 control antibody.
- A-B Tumor uptake (%ID/g) on day 2 (A) and day 7 (B);
- C-D Kidney uptake (%ID/g) on day 2 (C) and day 7 (D);
- SEQ ID NO: 5 nucleotide sequence encoding human Fn14
- SEQ ID NO: 17 nucleotide sequence of hu002 variant 3 ALLQ V L
- composition of matter, group of steps or group of compositions of matter shall be taken to encompass one and a plurality (i.e., one or more) of those steps, compositions of matter, groups of steps or groups of compositions of matter.
- variable regions and parts thereof, immunoglobulins, antibodies and fragments thereof herein may be further clarified by the discussion in Kabat Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., 1987 and 1991 , Bork et al., J Mol. Biol. 242, 309-320, 1994, Chothia and Lesk J. Mol Biol. 196:901 -917, 1987, Chothia et al. Nature 342, 877-883, 1989 and/or or Al-Lazikani et al., J Mol Biol 273, 927-948, 1997. Any discussion of a protein or antibody herein will be understood to include any variants of the protein or antibody produced during manufacturing and/or storage.
- an antibody can be deamidated (e.g., at an asparagine or a glutamine residue) and/or have altered glycosylation and/or have a glutamine residue converted to pyroglutamate and/or have a N-terminal or C-terminal residue removed or “clipped” and/or have part or all of a signal sequence incompletely processed and, as a consequence, remain at the terminus of the antibody.
- a composition comprising a particular amino acid sequence may be a heterogeneous mixture of the stated or encoded sequence and/or variants of that stated or encoded sequence.
- derived from shall be taken to indicate that a specified integer may be obtained from a particular source albeit not necessarily directly from that source.
- Fn14 collectively refers to Fn14 from all mammals, such as from humans and from rodents.
- the term “hFn14” or “human Fn14” refers to Fn14 from humans.
- an amino acid sequence of an hFn14 is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6.
- a nucleotide sequence encoding a hFn14 is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5.
- Fn14-binding protein shall be taken to include a single polypeptide chain, (i.e. , a series of contiguous amino acids linked by peptide bonds), or a series of polypeptide chains covalently or non-covalently linked to one another (i.e., a polypeptide complex) capable of binding to Fn14 in the manner described and/or claimed herein.
- the series of polypeptide chains can be covalently linked using a suitable chemical or a disulphide bond.
- non-covalent bonds include hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions.
- a non-covalent bond contemplated by the present disclosure is the interaction between a V H and a V L , e.g., in some forms of diabody or a triabody or a tetrabody or a Fv.
- anti-Fn14 antibody means an antibody that specifically binds to Fn14. Based on the disclosure herein, it will be apparent to the skilled person that anti- Fn14 antibodies suitable for use in the present disclosure are antagonistic (i.e., an anti- Fn14 antibody that blocks the normal ligand from binding and activating the receptor) rather than an agonistic antibody (i.e., an anti-Fn14 antibody that activates receptor signalling).
- recombinant shall be understood to mean the product of artificial genetic recombination. Accordingly, in the context of a recombinant protein comprising an antibody variable region, this term does not encompass an antibody naturally-occurring within a subject’s body that is the product of natural recombination that occurs during B cell maturation. However, if such an antibody is isolated, it is to be considered an isolated protein comprising an antibody variable region. Similarly, if nucleic acid encoding the protein is isolated and expressed using recombinant means, the resulting protein is a recombinant protein comprising an antibody variable region. A recombinant protein also encompasses a protein expressed by artificial recombinant means when it is within a cell, tissue or subject, e.g., in which it is expressed.
- protein shall be taken to include a single polypeptide chain, i.e., a series of contiguous amino acids linked by peptide bonds or a series of polypeptide chains covalently or non-covalently linked to one another (i.e., a polypeptide complex).
- the series of polypeptide chains can be covalently linked using a suitable chemical or a disulfide bond.
- non-covalent bonds include hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions.
- polypeptide or “polypeptide chain” will be understood from the foregoing paragraph to mean a series of contiguous amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
- an “antibody” is generally considered to be a protein that comprises a variable region made up of a plurality of polypeptide chains, e.g., a polypeptide comprising a VL and a polypeptide comprising a VH.
- An antibody also generally comprises constant domains, some of which can be arranged into a constant region, which includes a constant fragment or fragment crystallizable (Fc), in the case of a heavy chain.
- Fc constant fragment or fragment crystallizable
- a light chain from mammals is either a K light chain or a A light chain and a heavy chain from mammals is a, 6, s, y, or p.
- Antibodies can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, IgA, and IgY), class (e.g., IgGi , lgG 2 , lgG 3 , lgG 4 , IgAi and lgA 2 ) or subclass.
- the term “antibody” encompasses humanized antibodies.
- full-length antibody “intact antibody” or “whole antibody” are used interchangeably to refer to an antibody in its substantially intact form, as opposed to an antigen binding fragment of an antibody.
- whole antibodies include those with heavy and light chains including an Fc region.
- the constant domains may be wild-type sequence constant domains (e.g., human wild-type sequence constant domains) or amino acid sequence variants thereof.
- naked antibody refers to an antibody that is not conjugated to another compound, e.g., a toxic compound or radiolabel.
- variable region refers to the portions of the light and/or heavy chains of an antibody as defined herein that is capable of specifically binding to an antigen and includes amino acid sequences of complementarity determining regions (CDRs); i.e., CDRI, CDR2, and CDR3, and framework regions (FRs).
- CDRs complementarity determining regions
- FRs framework regions
- Exemplary variable regions comprise three or four FRs (e.g., FR1 , FR2, FR3 and optionally FR4) together with three CDRs.
- the protein may lack a CDR2.
- VH refers to the variable region of the heavy chain.
- V L refers to the variable region of the light chain.
- CDRs complementarity determining regions
- CDRI, CDR2, and CDR3 refers to the amino acid residues of an antibody variable domain the presence of which are necessary for antigen binding.
- Each variable domain typically has three CDR regions identified as CDRI, CDR2 and CDR3.
- the amino acid positions assigned to CDRs and FRs can be defined according to Kabat Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., 1987 and 1991 or other numbering systems in the performance of this disclosure, e.g., the canonical numbering system of Chothia and Lesk J. Mol Biol. 196 901 -917, 1987; Chothia et al.
- FRs Framework regions
- the term “Fv” shall be taken to mean any protein, whether comprised of multiple polypeptides or a single polypeptide, in which a V L and a V H associate and form a complex having an antigen binding site, i.e., capable of specifically binding to an antigen.
- the V H and the V L which form the antigen binding site can be in a single polypeptide chain or in different polypeptide chains.
- an Fv of the disclosure (as well as any protein of the disclosure) may have multiple antigen binding sites which may or may not bind the same antigen. This term shall be understood to encompass fragments directly derived from an antibody as well as proteins corresponding to such a fragment produced using recombinant means.
- the V H is not linked to a heavy chain constant domain (CH) 1 and/or the VL is not linked to a light chain constant domain (CL).
- exemplary Fv containing polypeptides or proteins include a Fab fragment, a Fab’ fragment, a F(ab’) fragment, a scFv, a diabody, a triabody, a tetrabody or higher order complex, or any of the foregoing linked to a constant region or domain thereof, e.g., CH2 or CH3 domain, e.g., a minibody.
- a “Fab fragment” consists of a monovalent antigen-binding fragment of an antibody, and can be produced by digestion of a whole antibody with the enzyme papain, to yield a fragment consisting of an intact light chain and a portion of a heavy chain or can be produced using recombinant means.
- a "Fab' fragment” of an antibody can be obtained by treating a whole antibody with pepsin, followed by reduction, to yield a molecule consisting of an intact light chain and a portion of a heavy chain comprising a VH and a single constant domain. Two Fab' fragments are obtained per antibody treated in this manner.
- a Fab’ fragment can also be produced by recombinant means.
- a “F(ab')2 fragment” of an antibody consists of a dimer of two Fab' fragments held together by two disulfide bonds, and is obtained by treating a whole antibody molecule with the enzyme pepsin, without subsequent reduction.
- a “Fabz” fragment is a recombinant fragment comprising two Fab fragments linked using, for example a leucine zipper or a CH3 domain.
- a “single chain Fv” or “scFv” is a recombinant molecule containing the variable region fragment (Fv) of an antibody in which the variable region of the light chain and the variable region of the heavy chain are covalently linked by a suitable, flexible polypeptide linker.
- the term “binds” in reference to the interaction of a protein or an antigen binding domain thereof with an antigen means that the interaction is dependent upon the presence of a particular structure (e.g., an antigenic determinant or epitope) on the antigen.
- a particular structure e.g., an antigenic determinant or epitope
- an antibody recognizes and binds to a specific protein structure rather than to proteins generally. If an antibody binds to epitope "A”, the presence of a molecule containing epitope “A” (or free, unlabeled “A”), in a reaction containing labeled “A” and the antibody, will reduce the amount of labeled “A” bound to the antibody.
- the term “specifically binds” or “binds specifically” shall be taken to mean that a protein of the disclosure reacts or associates more frequently, more rapidly, with greater duration and/or with greater affinity with a particular antigen or cell expressing same than it does with alternative antigens or cells.
- a protein binds to Fn14 with materially greater affinity (e.g., 20 fold or 40 fold or 60 fold or 80 fold to 100 fold or 150 fold or 200 fold greater affinity) avidity, more readily, and/or with greater duration than it binds to other antigens, e.g., to other TNF superfamily receptors or to antigens commonly recognized by polyreactive natural antibodies (i.e. , by naturally occurring antibodies known to bind a variety of antigens naturally found in humans).
- reference to binding means specific binding, and each term shall be understood to provide explicit support for the other term.
- disease As used herein, the terms “disease”, “disorder” or “condition” refers to a disruption of or interference with normal function, and is not to be limited to any specific condition, and will include diseases or disorders.
- Fn14-mediated condition shall be taken to encompass any disease or disorder caused by or associated with excess numbers of cells expressing Fn14 and/or overexpression of Fn14 by cells and/or excess activity of Fn14 in a subject.
- wasting disorder refers to a disorder which involves, results at least in part from, or includes loss of weight, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight.
- Wasting disorders are commonly characterized by inadvertent and/or uncontrolled (in the absence of medical intervention) loss of muscle and/or fat.
- the term encompasses cachexia or other forms of wasting, e.g., denervation-induced wasting.
- wasting disorder associated with another condition will be understood to mean a wasting that is observed in a subject suffering from a condition, i.e., the wasting may result from changes (e.g., metabolic changes) caused by the condition.
- the condition is a Fn14-mediated condition.
- the condition is caused by or associated with Fn14 expression in a cell (or a cell expressing Fn14) other than muscle.
- the term “cachexia” will be understood to refer to a complex metabolic condition associated with an underlying (or another) condition, wherein cachexia is characterized by loss of body weight and loss of muscle with or without loss of fat mass. Cachexia is generally associated with increased protein catabolism due to underlying disease(s).
- the term “cachexia” encompasses all stages of cachexia, including “pre-cachexia”, “overt cachexia” (also known as cachexia) and “refractory cachexia”. .
- cancer cachexia also known as “cancer anorexia cachexia” shall be understood to refer to cachexia that is associated with cancer or occurring in a subject that is suffering from cancer and is characterised by an ongoing loss of muscle mass (with loss of fat mass), leading to progressive functional impairment which cannot be fully reversed by normal nutritional support.
- diabetic cachexia (also known as “diabetic neuropathic cachexia”) shall be understood to refer to cachexia that is associated with diabetes or occurring in a subject that is suffering from diabetes mellitus and is characterised by bilateral, painful neuropathy over the limbs and trunk, with dramatic weight loss.
- unintended body weight loss refers to a condition where the subject is incapable of maintaining a healthy body weight or loses a considerable amount of body weight, without actually attempting to reduce body weight.
- a body mass index (BMI) of less than 18.5 or any another BMI range defined by a medical specialist is considered underweight.
- body mass index or “BMI” is calculated by the following formula: mass (kg)Z(height (m) 2 ).
- total body mass will be understood to mean a subject’s weight.
- a subject “at risk” of developing a disease or condition may or may not have detectable disease or symptoms of disease, and may or may not have displayed detectable disease or symptoms of disease prior to the treatment according to the present disclosure.
- At risk denotes that a subject has one or more risk factors, which are measurable parameters that correlate with development of the disease or condition, as known in the art and/or described herein.
- treating include administering a protein described herein to thereby reduce or eliminate at least one symptom of a specified disease or condition or to slow progression of the disease or condition.
- the term “preventing”, “prevent” or “prevention” includes providing prophylaxis with respect to occurrence or recurrence of a specified disease or condition in a subject.
- a subject may be predisposed to or at risk of developing the disease or disease relapse but has not yet been diagnosed with the disease or the relapse.
- the term “subject” shall be taken to mean any animal including humans, for example a mammal. Exemplary subjects include but are not limited to humans and non-human primates. For example, the subject is a human.
- the present disclosure provides humanized Fn14-binding proteins and humanized anti-Fn14 antibodies.
- humanized shall be understood to refer to a protein comprising a humanlike variable region, which includes CDRs from an antibody from a non-human species (e.g., mouse) grafted onto or inserted into FRs from a human antibody (this type of antibody is also referred to a “CDR-grafted antibody”).
- Humanized proteins also include proteins in which one or more residues of the human protein are modified by one or more amino acid substitutions and/or one or more FR residues of the human protein are replaced by corresponding non-human residues. Humanized proteins may also comprise residues which are found in neither the human antibody or in the non-human antibody. Any additional regions of the protein (e.g., Fc region) are generally human.
- Humanization can be performed using a method known in the art, e.g., US5225539, US6054297, US7566771 or US5585089.
- the term “humanized protein” also encompasses a super-humanized protein, e.g., as described in US7732578.
- the present disclosure provides humanized anti-Fn14 antibodies, e.g., comprising the variable regions described herein.
- the humanized antibody has been codon optimised.
- the present disclosure provides a humanized anti-Fn14 antibody, wherein the antibody comprises a V H comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 and a V L comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 12-14, 16 or 18.
- the disclosure provides a humanized Fn14-binding protein or a humanized anti-Fn14 antibody, wherein the binding protein or antibody comprises a VH comprising a sequence expressed from or encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 7 and a V L comprising a sequence expressed from or encoded by a nucleic acid comprising any one of SEQ ID NOs: 9-11 , 15 or 17.
- the humanized antibody is a recombinant antibody.
- Methods for producing humanized antibodies comprising variable regions described herein will be apparent to the skilled artisan based on the disclosure herein and/or documents referred to herein.
- Monoclonal antibodies are exemplary antibodies contemplated by the present disclosure.
- the term “monoclonal antibody” or TnAb” or “MAb” refers to a homogeneous antibody population capable of binding to the same antigen(s) and, for example, to the same epitope within the antigen. This term is not intended to be limited with respect to the source of the antibody or the manner in which it is made.
- scFvs comprise VH and VL regions in a single polypeptide chain.
- the polypeptide chain further comprises a polypeptide linker between the VH and VL which enables the scFv to form the desired structure for antigen binding (i.e. , for the VH and VL of the single polypeptide chain to associate with one another to form a Fv).
- the linker comprises in excess of 12 amino acid residues with (Gly 4 Ser) 3 being one of the more favoured linkers for a scFv.
- the present disclosure also contemplates a disulfide stabilized Fv (or diFv or dsFv), in which a single cysteine residue is introduced into a FR of VH and a FR of VL and the cysteine residues linked by a disulfide bond to yield a stable Fv (see, for example, Brinkmann et al., 1993).
- the present disclosure provides a dimeric scFv, i.e., a protein comprising two scFv molecules linked by a non-covalent or covalent linkage, e.g., by a leucine zipper domain (e.g., derived from Fos or Jun) (see, for example, Kruif and Logtenberg, 1996).
- a leucine zipper domain e.g., derived from Fos or Jun
- two scFvs are linked by a peptide linker of sufficient length to permit both scFvs to form and to bind to an antigen, e.g., as described in US20060263367.
- Exemplary humanized Fn14-binding proteins comprising an antibody antigen binding domain are diabodies, triabodies, tetrabodies and higher order protein complexes such as those described in WQ98/044001 and WQ94/007921 .
- a diabody is a protein comprising two associated polypeptide chains, each polypeptide chain comprising the structure V L -X-V H or V H -X-V L , wherein V L is an antibody light chain variable region, VH is an antibody heavy chain variable region, X is a linker comprising insufficient residues to permit the VH and VL in a single polypeptide chain to associate (or form an Fv) or is absent, and wherein the VH of one polypeptide chain binds to a V L of the other polypeptide chain to form an antigen binding site, i.e., to form an Fv molecule capable of specifically binding to one or more antigens.
- the VL and VH can be the same in each polypeptide chain or the VL and VH can be different in each polypeptide chain so as to form a bispecific diabody (i.e., comprising two Fvs having different specificity).
- a minibody comprises the VH and VL domains of an antibody fused to the CH2 and/or CH3 domain of an antibody.
- the minibody comprises a hinge region between the VH and a VL, sometimes this conformation is referred to as a Flex Minibody.
- a minibody does not comprise a CH1 or a CL.
- the V H and VL domains are fused to the hinge region and the CH3 domain of an antibody. At least one of the variable regions of said minibody binds to Fn14 in the manner of the disclosure. Exemplary minibodies and methods for their production are described, for example, in WO94/09817.
- the present disclosure encompasses humanized Fn14-binding proteins comprising a variable region and a constant region or a domain(s) thereof, e.g., Fc, CH2 and/or CH3 domain.
- a variable region and a constant region or a domain(s) thereof e.g., Fc, CH2 and/or CH3 domain.
- the skilled artisan will be aware of the meaning of the terms constant region and constant domain based on the disclosure herein and references discussed herein.
- Constant region sequences useful for producing the humanized Fn14-binding proteins of the present disclosure may be obtained from a number of different sources.
- the constant region or portion thereof of the humanized Fn14-binding protein is derived from a human antibody.
- the constant domain or portion thereof may be derived from any antibody class, including IgM, IgG, IgD, IgA and IgE, and any antibody isotype, including IgGi, lgG 2 , lgG 3 and lgG 4 .
- the human isotype IgGi is used.
- the human isotype lgG 4 is used.
- Constant regions are available in the form of publicly accessible deposits or the sequence thereof is available from publicly available databases. Constant regions can be selected having a particular effector function (or lacking a particular effector function) or with a particular modification to reduce immunogenicity.
- a humanized protein and/or humanized antibody of the present disclosure has or displays an effector function that facilitates or enables at least partial depletion, substantial depletion or elimination of cells expressing Fn14.
- Such an effector function may be enhanced binding affinity to Fc receptors, antibody-dependent cell- mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cell mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) and/or complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC).
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein or humanized anti-Fn14 antibody of the disclosure is capable of inducing an enhanced level of effector function.
- the level of effector function induced by the constant region is enhanced relative to a wild-type Fc region of an IgGi antibody or a wild-type Fc region of an lgG3 antibody.
- the constant region is modified to increase the level of effector function it is capable of inducing compared to the constant region without the modification.
- modifications can be at the amino acid level and/or the secondary structural level and/or the tertiary structural level and/or to the glycosylation of the Fc region.
- effector function may be manifested in any of a number of ways, for example as a greater level of effect, a more sustained effect or a faster rate of effect.
- exemplary constant region modifications include amino acid substitutions, such as, S239D/I332E, numbered according to the EU index of Kabat or S239D/A330L/I332E, numbered according to the EU index of Kabat.
- the glycosylation of the constant region is altered to increase its ability to induce enhanced effector function.
- Fc regions according to the present disclosure comprise a carbohydrate structure that lacks fucose attached (directly or indirectly) to an Fc region, i.e., the Fc region is “afucosylated”. Such variants may have an improved ability to induce ADCC.
- Methods for producing afucosylated antibodies include, expressing the Fn14-binding protein in a cell line incapable of expressing a-1 ,6- fucosyltransferase (FUT8) (e.g., as described in Yumane-Ohnuki et al., 2004).
- cell lines which inherently produce antibodies capable of inducing enhanced effector function include the use of cell lines which inherently produce antibodies capable of inducing enhanced effector function (e.g. duck embryonic derived stem cells for the production of viral vaccines, W02008/129058; Recombinant protein production in avian EBX® cells, WO 2008/142124).
- Fn14-binding proteins can also comprise an Fc region capable of inducing enhanced levels of CDC.
- hybrids of lgG1 and lgG3 produce antibodies having enhanced CDC activity (Natsume et a/., 2008).
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein or humanized anti-Fn14 antibody of the disclosure lacks effector functions, such as ADCC and/or CDC, e.g., as described in Offringa and Glennie, Cancer Cell. 28:273-8, 2015.
- the humanized protein comprises one or more amino acid substitutions that increase the half-life of the humanized Fn14-binding protein.
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein comprises a constant region comprising one or more amino acid substitutions that increase the affinity of the constant region for the neonatal Fc region (FcRn).
- the constant region has increased affinity for FcRn at lower pH, e.g., about pH 6.0, to facilitate Fc/FcRn binding in an endosome.
- the constant region has increased affinity for FcRn at about pH 6 compared to its affinity at about pH 7.4, which facilitates the re-release of Fc into blood following cellular recycling.
- Exemplary amino acid substitutions include T250Q and/or M428L or T252A, T254S and T266F or M252Y, S254T and T256E or H433K and N434F according to the EU numbering system. Additional or alternative amino acid substitutions are described, for example, in US20070135620 or US7083784.
- Humanized Fn-14 binding proteins of the present disclosure can comprise an lgG4 constant region or a stabilized lgG4 constant region.
- stabilized lgG4 constant region will be understood to mean an lgG 4 constant region that has been modified to reduce Fab arm exchange or the propensity to undergo Fab arm exchange or formation of a halfantibody or a propensity to form a half antibody.
- Fab arm exchange refers to a type of protein modification for human lgG4, in which an lgG4 heavy chain and attached light chain (half-molecule) is swapped for a heavy-light chain pair from another lgG 4 molecule.
- lgG4 molecules may acquire two distinct Fab arms recognizing two distinct antigens (resulting in bispecific molecules).
- Fab arm exchange occurs naturally in vivo and can be induced in vitro by purified blood cells or reducing agents such as reduced glutathione.
- a “half antibody” forms when an lgG4 antibody dissociates to form two molecules each containing a single heavy chain and a single light chain.
- a stabilized lgG 4 constant region comprises a proline at position 241 of the hinge region according to the system of Kabat (Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest Washington DC United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1987 and/or 1991 ). This position corresponds to position 228 of the hinge region according to the EU numbering system (Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest Washington DC United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2001 and Edelman et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. USA, 63, 78-85, 1969). In human lgG 4 , this residue is generally a serine.
- the lgG 4 hinge region comprises a sequence CPPC.
- the “hinge region” is a proline-rich portion of an antibody heavy chain constant region that links the Fc and Fab regions that confers mobility on the two Fab arms of an antibody.
- the hinge region includes cysteine residues which are involved in inter-heavy chain disulfide bonds. It is generally defined as stretching from Glu226 to Pro243 of human IgGi according to the numbering system of Kabat.
- Hinge regions of other IgG isotypes may be aligned with the IgGi sequence by placing the first and last cysteine residues forming inter-heavy chain disulphide (S-S) bonds in the same positions (see for example WO2010/080538).
- S-S inter-heavy chain disulphide
- a humanized Fn14-binding protein or humanized anti-Fn14 antibody of the disclosure is produced by culturing a cell line under conditions sufficient to produce the protein, e.g., as described herein and/or as is known in the art.
- nucleic acid encoding same is placed into one or more expression construct, e.g., expression vector(s), which is/are then transfected into host cells, such as cells that can produce a disulphide bridge or bond, such as E. coli cells, yeast cells, insect cells, or mammalian cells.
- host cells such as cells that can produce a disulphide bridge or bond, such as E. coli cells, yeast cells, insect cells, or mammalian cells.
- exemplary mammalian cells include simian COS cells, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, or myeloma cells that do not otherwise produce immunoglobulin protein.
- CHO Chinese Hamster Ovary
- nucleic acid encoding a humanized protein of the disclosure is inserted into an expression construct or replicable vector for further cloning (amplification of the DNA) or for expression in a cell-free system or in cells.
- the nucleic acid is operably linked to a promoter
- promoter is to be taken in its broadest context and includes the transcriptional regulatory sequences of a genomic gene, including the TATA box or initiator element, which is required for accurate transcription initiation, with or without additional regulatory elements (e.g., upstream activating sequences, transcription factor binding sites, enhancers and silencers) that alter expression of a nucleic acid, e.g., in response to a developmental and/or external stimulus, or in a tissue specific manner.
- promoter is also used to describe a recombinant, synthetic or fusion nucleic acid, or derivative which confers, activates or enhances the expression of a nucleic acid to which it is operably linked.
- Exemplary promoters can contain additional copies of one or more specific regulatory elements to further enhance expression and/or alter the spatial expression and/or temporal expression of said nucleic acid.
- operably linked to means positioning a promoter relative to a nucleic acid such that expression of the nucleic acid is controlled by the promoter.
- the vector components generally include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: a signal sequence, a sequence encoding a humanized Fn14-binding protein of the present disclosure (e.g., derived from the information provided herein), an enhancer element, a promoter, and a transcription termination sequence.
- a signal sequence e.g., derived from the information provided herein
- an enhancer element e.g., derived from the information provided herein
- a promoter e.g., derived from the information provided herein
- a transcription termination sequence e.g., a transcription termination sequence.
- exemplary signal sequences include prokaryotic secretion signals (e.g., pelB, alkaline phosphatase, penicillinase, Ipp, or heat-stable enterotoxin II), yeast secretion signals (e.g., invertase leader, a factor leader, or acid phosphatase leader) or mammalian secretion signals (e.g., herpes simplex gD signal).
- prokaryotic secretion signals e.g., pelB, alkaline phosphatase, penicillinase, Ipp, or heat-stable enterotoxin II
- yeast secretion signals e.g., invertase leader, a factor leader, or acid phosphatase leader
- mammalian secretion signals e.g., herpes simplex gD signal.
- Exemplary promoters include those active in prokaryotes (e.g., phoA promoter, p- lactamase and lactose promoter systems, alkaline phosphatase, a tryptophan (trp) promoter system, and hybrid promoters such as the tac promoter).
- prokaryotes e.g., phoA promoter, p- lactamase and lactose promoter systems, alkaline phosphatase, a tryptophan (trp) promoter system, and hybrid promoters such as the tac promoter).
- Exemplary promoters active in mammalian cells include cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (CMV-IE), human elongation factor 1 -a promoter (EF1 ), small nuclear RNA promoters (U1 a and U1b), a-myosin heavy chain promoter, Simian virus 40 promoter (SV40), Rous sarcoma virus promoter (RSV), Adenovirus major late promoter, p-actin promoter; hybrid regulatory element comprising a CMV enhancer/ p-actin promoter or an immunoglobulin promoter or active fragment thereof.
- CMV-IE cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter
- EF1 human elongation factor 1 -a promoter
- U1 a and U1b small nuclear RNA promoters
- SV40 Simian virus 40 promoter
- RSV Rous sarcoma virus promoter
- Adenovirus major late promoter p-actin promoter
- hybrid regulatory element comprising a CMV enhance
- Examples of useful mammalian host cell lines are monkey kidney CV1 line transformed by SV40 (COS-7, AUSTRALIAN CELL BANK CRL 1651 ); human embryonic kidney line (293 or 293 cells subcloned for growth in suspension culture; baby hamster kidney cells (BHK, AUSTRALIAN CELL BANK CCL 10); or Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO).
- COS-7 monkey kidney CV1 line transformed by SV40
- human embryonic kidney line (293 or 293 cells subcloned for growth in suspension culture
- baby hamster kidney cells BHK, AUSTRALIAN CELL BANK CCL 10
- Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO
- Typical promoters suitable for expression in yeast cells such as for example a yeast cell selected from the group comprising Pichia pastoris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. pombe, include, but are not limited to, the ADH1 promoter, the GAL 1 promoter, the GAL4 promoter, the CUP1 promoter, the PHO5 promoter, the nmt promoter, the RPR1 promoter, or the TEF1 promoter.
- Means for introducing the isolated nucleic acid molecule or a gene construct comprising same into a cell for expression are known to those skilled in the art. The technique used for a given cell depends on the known successful techniques. Means for introducing recombinant DNA into cells include microinjection, transfection mediated by DEAE-dextran, transfection mediated by liposomes such as by using lipofectamine (Gibco, MD, USA) and/or cellfectin (Gibco, MD, USA), PEG-mediated DNA uptake, electroporation, viral transduction (e.g., using a lentivirus) and microparticle bombardment such as by using DNA-coated tungsten or gold particles (Agracetus Inc., Wl, USA) amongst others.
- the host cells used to produce the humanized Fn14-binding protein of this disclosure may be cultured in a variety of media, depending on the cell type used.
- Commercially available media such as Ham's FIO (Sigma), Minimal Essential Medium ((MEM), (Sigma), RPMI-1640 (Sigma), and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium ((DMEM), Sigma) are suitable for culturing mammalian cells.
- Media for culturing other cell types discussed herein are known in the art.
- a humanized Fn14-binding protein or humanized anti-Fn14 antibody of the present disclosure can be isolated or purified.
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein of the disclosure can be produced intracellularly, in the periplasmic space, or directly secreted into the medium. If the protein is produced intracellularly, as a first step, the particulate debris, either host cells or lysed fragments, is removed, for example, by centrifugation or ultrafiltration. Where the protein is secreted into the medium, supernatants from such expression systems can be first concentrated using a commercially available protein concentration filter, for example, an Amicon or Millipore Pellicon ultrafiltration unit. A protease inhibitor such as PMSF may be included in any of the foregoing steps to inhibit proteolysis and antibiotics may be included to prevent the growth of adventitious contaminants.
- a protease inhibitor such as PMSF may be included in any of the foregoing steps to inhibit proteolysis and antibiotics may be included to prevent the growth of adventitious contaminants.
- the protein prepared from the cells can be purified using, for example, ion exchange, hydroxyapatite chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, gel electrophoresis, dialysis, affinity chromatography (e.g., protein A affinity chromatography or protein G chromatography), or any combination of the foregoing. These methods are known in the art and described, for example in WO99/57134 or Zola (1997).
- a humanized Fn14-binding protein of the disclosure can be modified to include a tag to facilitate purification or detection, e.g., a polyhistidine tag, e.g., a hexa-histidine tag, or a influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) tag, or a Simian Virus 5 (V5) tag, or a FLAG tag, or a glutathione S-transferase (GST) tag.
- the tag is a hexa-his tag.
- the resulting protein is then purified using methods known in the art, such as, affinity purification.
- a protein comprising a hexahis tag is purified by contacting a sample comprising the protein with nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) that specifically binds a hexa-his tag immobilized on a solid or semi-solid support, washing the sample to remove unbound protein, and subsequently eluting the bound protein.
- Ni-NTA nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid
- a ligand or antibody that binds to a tag is used in an affinity purification method.
- the present disclosure also provides conjugates of humanized Fn14-binding proteins described herein according to any example.
- compounds to which a humanized protein can be conjugated are selected from the group consisting of a radioisotope, a detectable label, a therapeutic compound, a colloid, a toxin, a nucleic acid, a peptide, a protein, a compound that increases the half-life of the protein in a subject and mixtures thereof.
- exemplary therapeutic agents include, but are not limited to an anti-angiogenic agent, an anti-neovascularization and/or other vascularization agent, an anti-proliferative agent, a pro-apoptotic agent, a chemotherapeutic agent or a therapeutic nucleic acid.
- a toxin includes any agent that is detrimental to (e.g., kills) cells.
- kills e.g., kills
- a toxin includes any agent that is detrimental to (e.g., kills) cells.
- Exemplary toxins include diphtheria A chain, nonbinding active fragments of diphtheria toxin, exotoxin A chain (from Pseudomonas aeruginosa), ricin A chain, abrin A chain, modeccin A chain, alpha-sarcin, Aleurites fordii proteins, dianthin proteins, Phytolaca americana proteins (PAPI, PAPII, and PAP-S), momordica charantia inhibitor, curcin, crotin, sapaonaria officinalis inhibitor, gelonin, mitogellin, restrictocin, phenomycin, enomycin and the tricothecenes. See, for example, WO93/21232.
- chemotherapeutic agents for forming immunoconjugates of the present disclosure include taxol, cytochalasin B, gramicidin D, ethidium bromide, emetine, mitomycin, etoposide, tenoposide, vincristine, vinblastine, colchicin, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, dihydroxy anthracin dione, mitoxantrone, mithramycin, actinomycin D, 1 -dehydrotestosterone, glucocorticoids, procaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, propranolol, and puromycin, antimetabolites (such as methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, cytarabine, fludarabin, 5-fluorouracil, decarbazine, hydroxyurea, asparaginase, gemcitabine, cladribine), alkylating agents (such as mechlorethamine
- a humanized Fn14-binding protein as described herein according to any example is conjugated or linked to another protein, including another humanized Fn14- binding protein of the disclosure or a protein comprising an antibody variable region, such as an antibody or a protein derived therefrom, e.g., as described herein.
- Other proteins are not excluded. Additional proteins will be apparent to the skilled artisan and include, for example, an immunomodulator or a half-life extending protein or a peptide or other protein that binds to serum albumin amongst others.
- Exemplary serum albumin binding peptides or protein are described in US20060228364 or US20080260757.
- radionuclides are available for the production of radioconjugated proteins. Examples include, but are not limited to, low energy radioactive nuclei (e.g., suitable for diagnostic purposes), such as 13 C, 15 N, 2 H, 125 l, 123 l, "Tc, 43 K, 52 Fe, 67 Ga, 68 Ga, 89 Zr, 111 ln and the like.
- the radionuclide is a gamma, photon, or positron-emitting radionuclide with a half-life suitable to permit activity or detection after the elapsed time between administration and localization to the imaging site.
- the present disclosure also encompasses high energy radioactive nuclei (e.g., for therapeutic purposes), such as 125 l, 131 l, 123 l, 111 ln, 105 Rh, 153 Sm, 67 Cu, 67 Ga, 166 Ho, 177 Lu, 186 Re and 188 Re.
- high energy radioactive nuclei e.g., for therapeutic purposes
- isotopes typically produce high energy a- or p-particles which have a short path length.
- Such radionuclides kill cells to which they are in close proximity, for example neoplastic cells to which the conjugate has attached or has entered. They have little or no effect on nonlocalized cells and are essentially non-immunogenic.
- high-energy isotopes may be generated by thermal irradiation of an otherwise stable isotope, for example as in boron neutron-capture therapy (Guan et al., 1998).
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein is conjugated to a "receptor” (such as streptavidin) for utilization in cell pretargeting wherein the conjugate is administered to the patient, followed by removal of unbound conjugate from the circulation using a clearing agent and then administration of a “ligand” (e.g., avidin) that is conjugated to a therapeutic agent (e.g., a radionucleotide).
- a receptor such as streptavidin
- a “ligand” e.g., avidin
- a therapeutic agent e.g., a radionucleotide
- the humanized Fn14-binding proteins of the present disclosure can be modified to contain additional non-proteinaceous moieties that are known in the art and readily available.
- the moieties suitable for derivatization of the protein are physiologically acceptable polymer, e.g., a water soluble polymer.
- a water soluble polymer Such polymers are useful for increasing stability and/or reducing clearance (e.g., by the kidney) and/or for reducing immunogenicity of a Fn14-binding protein of the disclosure.
- water soluble polymers include, but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), or propropylene glycol (PPG).
- a humanized Fn14-binding protein as described herein comprises one or more detectable markers to facilitate detection and/or isolation.
- the compound comprises a fluorescent label such as, for example, fluorescein (FITC), 5,6-carboxymethyl fluorescein, Texas red, nitrobenz-2-oxa-l,3- diazol-4- yl (NBD), coumarin, dansyl chloride, rhodamine, 4'-6-diamidino-2- phenylinodole (DAPI), and the cyanine dyes Cy3, Cy3.5, Cy5, Cy5.5 and Cy7, fluorescein (5-carboxyfluorescein- N-hydroxysuccinimide ester), rhodamine (5,6- tetramethyl rhodamine).
- FITC fluorescein
- NBD nitrobenz-2-oxa-l,3- diazol-4- yl
- DAPI nitrobenz-2-oxa-l,3- di
- the absorption and emission maxima, respectively, for these fluors are: FITC (490 nm; 520 nm), Cy3 (554 nm; 568 nm), Cy3.5 (581 nm; 588 nm), Cy5 (652 nm: 672 nm), Cy5.5 (682 nm; 703 nm) and Cy7 (755 nm; 778 nm).
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein as described herein according to any example is labeled with, for example, a fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystal (as described, for example, in US6,306,610).
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein is labeled with, for example, a magnetic or paramagnetic compound, such as, iron, steel, nickel, cobalt, rare earth materials, neodymium-iron-boron, ferrous-chromium-cobalt, nickel-ferrous, cobaltplatinum, or strontium ferrite.
- a magnetic or paramagnetic compound such as, iron, steel, nickel, cobalt, rare earth materials, neodymium-iron-boron, ferrous-chromium-cobalt, nickel-ferrous, cobaltplatinum, or strontium ferrite.
- an antigen binding assay is an antigen binding assay, e.g., as described in Scopes (1994).
- a method generally involves labeling the humanized Fn14-binding protein and contacting it with immobilized antigen or a fragment thereof, e.g., a protein comprising an extracellular domain of Fn14 fused to an Fc region of an antibody. Following washing to remove non-specific bound protein, the amount of label and, as a consequence, bound protein is detected.
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein can be immobilized and the antigen labeled.
- Panning-type assays e.g., as described or exemplified herein can also be used.
- a humanized Fn14-binding protein of the disclosure can also be tested in vivo.
- a humanized Fn14-binding protein can be tested in an animal model of a wasting disorder as described herein, e.g., in which a non-human mammal is administered a tumor cell expressing Fn14 under conditions for a wasting disorder to develop.
- a humanized Fn14-binding protein of the disclosure is then administered and the effect on the wasting disorder is assessed, e.g., by monitoring body weight changes.
- a humanized Fn14- binding protein that reduces or prevents loss of body weight or induces a gain in body weight is selected as a potential therapeutic agent.
- a humanized Fn14-binding protein of the disclosure can also be selected on the basis of its ability to reduce or prevent invasiveness of a tumor cell.
- a tumor cell is implanted into a subject, e.g., into a muscle, and the subject is administered a test humanized Fn14-binding protein (or for controls, no Fn14-binding protein is administered).
- a reduction in invasion of tissue surrounding the tumor cell e.g., as assessed using histopathology
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein indicates that the humanized Fn14-binding protein reduces or prevent invasiveness of a tumor cell.
- a humanized Fn14-binding protein of the disclosure can also be assessed for therapeutic efficacy by determining its ability to slow or prevent development of a tumor in a xenograft model.
- a humanized Fn14-binding protein of the disclosure can also be assessed for therapeutic efficacy by determining it ability to reduce the amount of angiogenesis or vasculogenesis in a tumor in a xenograft model.
- Therapeutic efficacy can also be assessed in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis e.g., a SKG strain of mouse (Sakaguchi et al.), rat type II collagen arthritis model, mouse type II collagen arthritis model; a mouse model of GVHD (e.g., as described in Trenado (2002)) or a model of ischemic stroke, e.g., aorta/vena cava occlusion, external neck torniquet or cuff, hemorrhage or hypotension, intracranial hypertension or common carotid artery occlusion, two-vessel occlusion and hypotension, four-vessel occlusion, unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (in some species only), endothelin-1 -induced constriction of arteries and veins, middle cerebral artery occlusion, spontaneous brain infarction (in spontaneously hypertensive rats), macrosphere embolization, blood clot embolization or microsphere embol
- Therapeutic efficacy can also be determined by administration of a humanized Fn14- binding protein to a model of diabetes, e.g., type 1 diabetes.
- a model of diabetes e.g., type 1 diabetes.
- the test subject is a non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse (a model of Type I diabetes) or a mouse or rat to which streptozotocin has been administered (models of Type I and/or Type II diabetes).
- NOD non-obese diabetic
- the dissociation constant (Kd) or association constant (Ka) or binding constant (K D , i.e., Ka/Kd) of a humanized Fn14-binding protein for Fn14 or an epitope containing peptide thereof is determined.
- Kd dissociation constant
- Ka association constant
- K D binding constant
- K D binding constant
- the constants are measured by using surface plasmon resonance assays, e.g., using BIAcore surface plasmon resonance (BIAcore, Inc., Piscataway, NJ) with immobilized Fn14 or a region thereof.
- surface plasmon resonance assays e.g., using BIAcore surface plasmon resonance (BIAcore, Inc., Piscataway, NJ) with immobilized Fn14 or a region thereof.
- the present disclosure encompasses the use of a humanized Fn14-binding protein or humanized anti-Fn14 antibody or composition described herein to treat a Fn14-mediated condition.
- exemplary conditions include cancer, metastasis, excessive vascularization or angiogenesis, an autoimmune disease, an inflammatory disease, a neurodegenerative diseases, keloid scarring, graft versus host disease, graft rejection or ischemia.
- the Fn 14- mediated condition is an inflammatory disease or an autoimmune disease.
- the condition is a connective tissue disease (including inflammatory arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis or gout), lupus (including systemic lupus erythematosus), type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, vasculitis (including Wegener’s granulomatosis and Henoch Schonlein Syndrome), nephritis (including glomerulonephritis and pneumonitis), atherosclerosis or inflammation of the eye (including uveitis).
- inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis or gout
- lupus including systemic lupus erythematosus
- type 1 diabetes multiple sclerosis
- vasculitis including Wegener’s granulomatosis and Henoch Schonlein Syndrome
- nephritis including glomeruloneph
- the autoimmune condition is multiple sclerosis, neuritis, polymyositis, psoriasis, vitiligo, Sjogren's syndrome, arthritis (such as rheumatoid arthritis), Type 1 diabetes, autoimmune pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, glomerulonephritis, scleroderma, sarcoidosis, autoimmune thyroid diseases, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves disease, myasthenia gravis, Addison's disease, autoimmune uveoretinitis, pemphigus vulgaris, primary biliary cirrhosis, pernicious anemia, or systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE).
- the condition is rheumatoid arthritis or SLE.
- the condition is a connective tissue disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
- a connective tissue disease such as rheumatoid arthritis.
- Dharmapatni et al., (2011 ) have shown that Tweak/Fn14 play a role in rheumatoid arthritis.
- the condition is scleroderma (including systemic scleroderma).
- the condition is graft rejection (e.g., allograft rejection) or graft versus host disease (including weight loss associated with graft versus host disease).
- graft rejection e.g., allograft rejection
- graft versus host disease including weight loss associated with graft versus host disease.
- Tweak/Fn14 have been show to play a role in pathogenesis of graft versus host disease, e.g., by Zhao et al., (2007).
- condition is cardiac allograft vasculopathy.
- condition is graft rejection associated intimal thickening.
- the condition is intramyocardial infarction or ischemic repurfusion injury.
- Tweak/Fn14 has been shown to play a role in ischemia by, e.g., Eisenknecht et al., (2010) and Inta et al., (2008).
- the condition is associated with excessive angiogenesis and/or neovascularization, e.g., cancer (including solid tumors, leukemias, lymphoma, melanoma, glioma, breast cancer, colonic cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, renal cell cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, carcinoid cancer, testicular cancer, prostate cancer, head and neck cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma), cancer metastasis, cancer neovascularization, autoimmune disease (including psoriasis), nephropathy, retinopathy, preeclampsia, hepatitis, sepsis and macular degeneration.
- cancer including solid tumors, leukemias, lymphoma, melanoma, glioma, breast cancer, colonic cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, renal cell cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, carcinoid cancer, testicular cancer, prostate cancer, head and neck cancer and
- the condition is cancer or a metastasis thereof.
- cancer refers to or describes the physiological condition in mammals that is typically characterized by unregulated cell growth/proliferation.
- examples of cancer include, but are not limited to, an adenocarcinoma, a squamous cell carcinoma, a digestive/gastrointestinal cancer, an endocrine cancer, an eye cancer, a musculoskeletal cancer, a breast cancer, a neurologic cancer, a genitourinary cancer, a germ cell cancer, a head and neck cancer, a hematologic/blood cancer, a respiratory cancer, a skin cancer, an AIDS-related malignancy or a gynelogic cancer.
- An adenocarcinoma is a cancer of an epithelium that originates in glandular tissue.
- exemplary adenocarcinomas include forms of colorectal cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, urachus cancer, vulval cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer and gastric cancer.
- Digestive/gastrointestinal cancers include anal cancer; bile duct cancer; extrahepatic bile duct cancer; appendix cancer; carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal cancer; colon cancer; colorectal cancer including childhood colorectal cancer; esophageal cancer including childhood esophageal cancer; gallbladder cancer; gastric (stomach) cancer including childhood gastric (stomach) cancer; hepatocellular (liver) cancer including childhood hepatocellular (liver) cancer; pancreatic cancer including childhood pancreatic cancer; sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma; rectal cancer; and small intestine cancer.
- Endocrine cancers include islet cell carcinoma (endocrine pancreas); adrenocortical carcinoma including childhood adrenocortical carcinoma; gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor; parathyroid cancer; pheochromocytoma; pituitary tumor; thyroid cancer including childhood thyroid cancer; childhood multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome; and childhood carcinoid tumor.
- Eye cancers include intraocular melanoma; and retinoblastoma.
- Musculoskeletal cancers include Ewing's family of tumors; osteosarcoma/malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the bone; rhabdomyosarcoma including childhood rhabdomyosarcoma; soft tissue sarcoma including childhood soft tissue sarcoma; clear cell sarcoma of tendon sheaths; and uterine sarcoma.
- Neurologic cancers include childhood brain stem glioma; brain tumor; childhood cerebellar astrocytoma; childhood cerebral astrocytoma/malignant glioma; childhood ependymoma; childhood medulloblastoma; childhood pineal and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors; childhood visual pathway and hypothalamic glioma; other childhood brain cancers; adrenocortical carcinoma; central nervous system lymphoma, primary; childhood cerebellar astrocytoma; neuroblastoma; craniopharyngioma; spinal cord tumors; central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor; central nervous system embryonal tumors; and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors including childhood and pituitary tumor.
- Genitourinary cancers include bladder cancer including childhood bladder cancer; renal cell (kidney) cancer; ovarian cancer including childhood ovarian cancer; ovarian epithelial cancer; ovarian low malignant potential tumor; penile cancer; prostate cancer; renal cell cancer including childhood renal cell cancer; renal pelvis and ureter, transitional cell cancer; testicular cancer; urethral cancer; vaginal cancer; vulvar cancer; cervical cancer; Wilms tumor and other childhood kidney tumors; endometrial cancer; and gestational trophoblastic tumor;
- Germ cell cancers include childhood extracranial germ cell tumor; extragonadal germ cell tumor; ovarian germ cell tumor; and testicular cancer.
- Head and neck cancers include lip and oral cavity cancer; childhood oral cancer; hypopharyngeal cancer; laryngeal cancer including childhood laryngeal cancer; metastatic squamous neck cancer with occult primary; mouth cancer; nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer; nasopharyngeal cancer including childhood nasopharyngeal cancer; oropharyngeal cancer; parathyroid cancer; pharyngeal cancer; salivary gland cancer including childhood salivary gland cancer; throat cancer; and thyroid cancer.
- Hematologic/blood cell cancers include leukemia (e.g., acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults and children; acute myeloid leukemia, e.g., in adults and children; chronic lymphocytic leukemia; chronic myelogenous leukemia; and hairy cell leukemia); a lymphoma (e.g., AIDS-related lymphoma; cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; Hodgkin's lymphoma including Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults and children; Hodgkin's lymphoma during pregnancy; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults and children; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma during pregnancy; mycosis fungoides; Sezary syndrome; Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia; and primary central nervous system lymphoma); and other hematologic cancers (e.g., chronic myeloproliferative disorders; multiple mye
- Respiratory cancers include non-small cell lung cancer; small cell lung cancer; malignant mesothelioma including malignant mesothelioma in adults and children; malignant thymoma; childhood thymoma; thymic carcinoma; bronchial adenomas/carcinoids including childhood bronchial adenomas/carcinoids; pleuropulmonary blastoma.
- Skin cancers include Kaposi's sarcoma; Merkel cell carcinoma; melanoma; basal cell carcinoma and childhood skin cancer.
- the condition is a wasting disorder, such as cachexia as described in more detail herein.
- the wasting disorder is associated with a condition, such as, cancer, metabolic acidosis, infectious diseases, diabetes, HIV infection, autoimmune immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), autoimmune disorders, addiction to drugs, cirrhosis of the liver, chronic inflammatory disorders, anorexia, chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, skeletal muscle disease, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, muscle atrophy and neurodegenerative disease.
- a condition such as, cancer, metabolic acidosis, infectious diseases, diabetes, HIV infection, autoimmune immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), autoimmune disorders, addiction to drugs, cirrhosis of the liver, chronic inflammatory disorders, anorexia, chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, skeletal muscle disease, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, muscle atrophy and neurodegenerative disease.
- the wasting disorder is cachexia or sarcopenia (e.g., wasting associated with aging or muscle wasting associated with extended confinement to bed or other restrictions to muscle use).
- the wasting disorder is cachexia.
- the cachexia can be pre-cachexia, overt cachexia (or cachexia) or refractory cachexia.
- the cachexia is associated with cancer, infectious disease (e.g., tuberculosis or leprosy), AIDS, autoimmune disease (including rheumatoid arthritis or type 1 diabetes), cystic fibrosis, drug addiction, alcoholism or liver cirrhosis.
- infectious disease e.g., tuberculosis or leprosy
- AIDS e.g., rheumatoid arthritis or type 1 diabetes
- cystic fibrosis e.g., cystic fibrosis
- drug addiction e.g., alcoholism or liver cirrhosis.
- the cachexia is associated with an autoimmune disease. In one example, the cachexia is associated with rheumatoid arthritis. In one example, the cachexia is associated with type 1 diabetes. For example, the cachexia is diabetic cachexia. For example, the subject is suffering from diabetic cachexia. For example, a subject suffering from diabetic cachexia has a clinically accepted marker of diabetes, such as:
- Oral glucose tolerance test value of greater than or equal to 1 1 .1 nmol/L or 200 mg/dl measured at a two-hour interval. The OGTT is given over a two or three-hour time span.
- the subject suffers from type 1 diabetes.
- the subject suffers from cachexia associated with type 1 diabetes.
- the subject suffers from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- the cachexia is associated with cardiac disease.
- the cachexia is associated with chronic kidney disease.
- the cachexia is associated with chronic pulmonary inflammation.
- the cachexia is associated with intestinal inflammation.
- the cachexia is associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
- the cachexia is associated with aging (i.e., sarcopenia).
- the cachexia is associated with extended confinement to bed or other restrictions to muscle use.
- the cachexia is associated with sepsis.
- the cachexia is associated with AIDS.
- the wasting disorder is cachexia associated with cancer.
- exemplary cancers are described supra.
- the method additionally comprises identifying a subject suffering from cachexia. Such a subject can be identified, for example, based on detection of unintentional weight loss following diagnosis of another condition (e.g., cancer).
- the different stages of cachexia can be diagnosed based on the following clinically acceptable criteria:
- performing a method described herein according to any example of the disclosure results in enhancement of a clinical response and/or delayed disease progression.
- Clinical response is meant an improvement in the symptoms of disease.
- the clinical response may be achieved within a certain time frame, for example, within or at about 8 weeks from the start of treatment with, or from the initial administration.
- Clinical response may also be sustained for a period of time, such as for >24 weeks, or >48 weeks.
- Humanized Fn14-binding proteins and humanized anti-Fn14 antibodies of the disclosure are useful for formulations into a pharmaceutical composition for parenteral, topical, oral, or local administration, aerosol administration, or transdermal administration, for prophylactic or for therapeutic treatment.
- the pharmaceutical compositions can be administered in a variety of unit dosage forms depending upon the method of administration.
- unit dosage forms suitable for oral administration include powder, tablets, pills, capsules and lozenges.
- compositions of this disclosure are useful for parenteral administration, such as intravenous administration or subcutaneous administration or administration into a body cavity or lumen of an organ or joint.
- the compositions for administration will commonly comprise a solution of the humanized Fn14-binding protein of the disclosure dissolved in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as an aqueous carrier.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as an aqueous carrier.
- aqueous carriers can be used, e.g., buffered saline and the like.
- the compositions may contain pharmaceutically acceptable carriers as required to approximate physiological conditions such as pH adjusting and buffering agents, toxicity adjusting agents and the like, for example, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium lactate and the like.
- the concentration of humanized Fn14-binding proteins of the present disclosure in these formulations can vary widely, and will be selected primarily based on fluid volumes, viscosities, body weight and the like in accordance with the particular mode of administration selected and the patient's needs.
- exemplary carriers include water, saline, Ringer's solution, dextrose solution, and 5% human serum albumin.
- Nonaqueous vehicles such as mixed oils and ethyl oleate may also be used.
- Liposomes may also be used as carriers.
- the vehicles may contain minor amounts of additives that enhance isotonicity and chemical stability, e.g., buffers and preservatives.
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein of the disclosure can be formulated for parenteral administration, e.g., formulated for injection via the intravenous, intramuscular, sub-cutaneous, transdermal, or other such routes, including peristaltic administration and direct instillation into a tumor or disease site (intracavity administration).
- parenteral administration e.g., formulated for injection via the intravenous, intramuscular, sub-cutaneous, transdermal, or other such routes, including peristaltic administration and direct instillation into a tumor or disease site (intracavity administration).
- peristaltic administration direct instillation into a tumor or disease site
- Suitable pharmaceutical compositions in accordance with the disclosure will generally include an amount of the humanized Fn14-binding protein of the present disclosure admixed with an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier, such as a sterile aqueous solution, to give a range of final concentrations, depending on the intended use.
- an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier such as a sterile aqueous solution.
- humanized proteins and humanized antibodies of the present disclosure will be administered in a manner compatible with the dosage formulation and in such amount as is therapeutically/prophylactically effective.
- the term “therapeutically effective amount” shall be taken to mean a sufficient quantity of humanized Fn14-binding protein of the disclosure to reduce or inhibit one or more symptoms of a disorder being treated.
- prophylactically effective amount shall be taken to mean a sufficient quantity of humanized Fn14-binding protein of the disclosure to prevent or inhibit or delay the onset of one or more detectable symptoms of a disorder being treated.
- the dosage should not be so large as to cause adverse side effects, such as hyper viscosity syndromes, pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure, and the like. Generally, the dosage will vary with the age, condition, sex and extent of the disease in the patient and can be determined by one of skill in the art. The dosage can be adjusted by the individual physician in the event of any complication.
- Dosage can vary from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 300 mg/kg, e.g., from about 0.2 mg/kg to about 200 mg/kg, such as, from about 0.5 mg/kg to about 20 mg/kg, in one or more dose administrations daily, for one or several days.
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein is administered at an initial (or loading) dose which is higher than subsequent (maintenance doses).
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein is administered at an initial dose of between about 1 mg/kg to about 30mg/kg.
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein is then administered at a maintenance dose of between about 0.0001 mg/kg to about 1 mg/kg.
- the maintenance doses may be administered every 7-35 days, such as, every 14 or 21 or 28 days.
- a dose escalation regime in which a humanized Fn14- binding protein is initially administered at a lower dose than used in subsequent doses. This dosage regime is useful in the case of subject’s initially suffering adverse events
- multiple doses in a week may be administered.
- increasing doses may be administered.
- a subject may be retreated with the humanized Fn14-binding protein, by being given more than one exposure or set of doses, such as at least about two exposures of the humanized Fn14-binding protein, for example, from about 2 to 60 exposures, and more particularly about 2 to 40 exposures, most particularly, about 2 to 20 exposures.
- any retreatment may be given at defined intervals.
- subsequent exposures may be administered at various intervals, such as, for example, about 24-28 weeks or 48-56 weeks or longer.
- such exposures are administered at intervals each of about 24-26 weeks or about 38-42 weeks, or about 50-54 weeks.
- a method of the present disclosure may also include co-administration of a humanized Fn14-binding protein of the disclosure together with another therapeutically effective agent for the treatment of a wasting disorder and/or an associated condition (e.g., cancer and/or diabetes).
- a wasting disorder and/or an associated condition e.g., cancer and/or diabetes.
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein of the disclosure is used in combination with at least one additional known compound which is currently being used or is in development for preventing or treating a wasting disorder.
- exemplary compounds include orexigenic agents (i.e., appetite stimulants, such as L-carnitine, megestrol acetate, and melatonin), anabolic steroids (e.g., selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) such as enobosarm, espindolol and testosterone) and/or anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., thalidomide, pentoxyphylline, a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-1 a, ghrelin and the ghrelin agonist anamorelin).
- orexigenic agents i.e., appetite stimulants, such as L-carnitine, megestrol acetate, and melatonin
- anabolic steroids e.g., selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) such as
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein of the disclosure is used in combination with at least one additional known compound which is currently being used or is in development for preventing or treating a cancer.
- the additional therapeutic agent for preventing or treating a cancer is a chemotherapeutic agent.
- chemotherapeutic agents include, for example, caboplatin, cytarabine, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, danorubicin, docetaxal, doxorubicin, erlotinib, etoposide, fluorouracil, fludarabine, idarubicin, irinotecan, methotrexate, mitoxantrone, paclitaxel, topotecan, vincristine and vinblastine.
- the additional therapeutic agent for preventing or treating a cancer is a therapeutic antibody.
- therapeutic antibodies are known to the skilled person and include, but are not limited to, Abagovomab; Abciximab; Abituzumab; Abrilumab; Actoxumab; Adalimumab; Adecatumumab; Aducanumab; Afelimomab; Afutuzumab; Alacizumab pegol; Alemtuzumab; Alirocumab; Altumomab pentetate; Amatuximab; Anatumomab mafenatox; Anetumab ravtansine; Anifrolumab; Anrukinzumab; Apolizumab; Arcitumomab; Ascrinvacumab; Aselizumab; Atezolizumab; Atinumab; Atlizumab (tocilizumab); Atorolimum
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein of the disclosure is used in combination with at least one additional known compound which is currently being used or is in development for preventing or treating a chronic kidney disease.
- additional known compound which is currently being used or is in development for preventing or treating a chronic kidney disease.
- ACE inhibitor drugs e.g. captopril (CapotenTM), enalapril (InnovaceTM), fosinopril (StarilTM), lisinopril (ZestrilTM), perindopril (CoversylTM), quinapril (AccuproTM), trandanalopril (GoptenTM), lotensin, moexipril, ramipril
- RAS blockers angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (e.g.
- PKC protein kinase C
- PLC protein kinase C
- inhibitors of AGE-dependent pathways e.g. aminoguanidine, ALT-946, pyrodoxamine (pyrododorin), OPB-9295, alagebrium
- anti-inflammatory agents e.g. clyclooxigenase-2 inhibitors, mycophenolate mophetil, mizoribine, pentoxifylline
- GAGs e.g. sulodexide (U.S. Pat. No.
- pyridoxamine U.S. Pat. No. 7,030,146
- endothelin antagonists e.g. SPP 301
- COX-2 inhibitors e.g., COX-2 inhibitors
- PPAR-gamma antagonists and other compounds like amifostine used for cisplatin nephropathy
- captopril used for diabetic nephropathy
- cyclophosphamide used for idiopathic membranous nephropathy
- sodium thiosulfate used for cisplatin nephropathy.
- the humanized Fn14-binding protein of the disclosure is used in combination with at least one additional known compound which is currently being used or is in development for preventing or treating diabetes.
- additional known compound which is currently being used or is in development for preventing or treating diabetes.
- known compounds include but are not limited to common anti-diabetic drugs such as sulphonylureas (e.g. glicazide, glipizide), metformin, glitazones (e.g. rosiglitazone, pioglitazone), prandial glucose releasing agents (e.g.
- repaglinide nateglinide
- acarbose and insulin including all naturally-occurring, synthetic and modified forms of insulin, such as insulin of human, bovine or porcine origin; insulin suspended in, for example, isophane or zinc and derivatives such as insulin glulisine, insulin lispro, insulin lispro protamine, insulin glargine, insulin detemir or insulin aspart).
- the present disclosure provides methods of concomitant therapeutic treatment of a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a first compound and a second compound, wherein said first compound is a humanized binding protein of the disclosure (i.e., humanized Fn14- binding protein or humanized anti-Fn14 antibody), and the second agent is for the prevention or treatment of cancer and/or diabetes.
- a humanized binding protein of the disclosure i.e., humanized Fn14- binding protein or humanized anti-Fn14 antibody
- concomitant as in the phrase “concomitant treatment” includes administering a first agent in the presence of a second agent.
- a concomitant therapeutic treatment method includes methods in which the first, second, third or additional agents are co-administered.
- a concomitant therapeutic treatment method also includes methods in which the first or additional agents are administered in the presence of a second or additional agents, wherein the second or additional agents, for example, may have been previously administered.
- a concomitant therapeutic treatment method may be executed step-wise by different actors.
- one actor may administer to a subject a first agent and as a second actor may administer to the subject a second agent and the administering steps may be executed at the same time, or nearly the same time, or at distant times, so long as the first agent (and/or additional agents) are after administration in the presence of the second agent (and/or additional agents).
- the actor and the subject may be the same entity (e.g., a human).
- the disclosure also provides a method for treating a wasting disorder in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a first pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one humanized Fn14-binding protein of the disclosure and a second pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more additional compounds.
- a method of the disclosure comprises administering a humanized Fn14-binding protein to a subject suffering from cachexia (e.g., cancer cachexia or diabetic cachexia) and receiving another treatment (e.g., for cancer or diabetes).
- cachexia e.g., cancer cachexia or diabetic cachexia
- another treatment e.g., for cancer or diabetes
- kits containing humanized Fn14-binding proteins or humanized Fn14-antibodies of the disclosure for the treatment or prevention of a disease or condition as described above.
- the kit comprises (a) a container comprising a humanized Fn14- binding protein as described herein, optionally in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent; and (b) a package insert with instructions for treating a disease or condition (e.g., a wasting disorder) in a subject.
- a disease or condition e.g., a wasting disorder
- the package insert is on or associated with the container.
- Suitable containers include, for example, bottles, vials, syringes, etc.
- the containers may be formed from a variety of materials such as glass or plastic.
- the container holds or contains a composition that is effective for treating the condition and may have a sterile access port (for example, the container may be an intravenous solution bag or a vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle).
- At least one active agent in the composition is the humanized Fn14-binding protein.
- the label or package insert indicates that the composition is used for treating a subject eligible for treatment, e.g., one having or predisposed to a wasting disorder, with specific guidance regarding dosing amounts and intervals of compound and any other medicament being provided.
- the kit may further comprise an additional container comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent buffer, such as bacteriostatic water for injection (BWFI), phosphate-buffered saline, Ringer's solution, and/or dextrose solution.
- BWFI bacteriostatic water for injection
- phosphate-buffered saline such as bacteriostatic water for injection (BWFI), phosphate-buffered saline, Ringer's solution, and/or dextrose solution.
- BWFI bacteriostatic water for injection
- the kit may further include other materials desirable from a commercial and user standpoint, including other buffers, diluents, filters, needles, and syringes.
- the kit optionally further comprises a container comprises a second medicament, wherein the humanized Fn14-binding protein is a first medicament, and which article further comprises instructions on the package insert for treating the subject with the second medicament, in an effective amount.
- the second medicament may be any of those set forth above.
- the present disclosure includes the following non-limiting Examples.
- Example 1 Identification of human heavy and light chain sequence homologous to mu002 heavy and light chain sequences
- the heavy and light chain variable region sequences of murine antibody 002 are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 4.
- the heavy and light chain murine sequences of 002 were entered into the V-Quest/IMGT database (IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system® http://www.imgt.org (founder and director: Marie-Paule Lefranc, adjoin, France) and VBASE2/ DNAPIot (Brochet, 2008, Better, et al., 2005; Mollova et al., 2007) and a homology search was performed against the human germline sequences contained in the databases. Highly homologous germline sequences were chosen to use as templates for the humanization process.
- the human heavy chain sequences chosen were IMGT/VBASE2 IGHV3-72*01/DP29 germline sequence, NCBI reference X9226.1 and the human heavy chain consensus sequence subgroup III from Padlan, EA (1991 ).
- the heavy chain Fn14 murine sequence shares 75.17% homology with the DP29 human germline sequence (Almagro et al., 1997).
- Invariant residue class (IR): Nine amino acid positions were identified which are occupied by a single particular residue in almost all sequences,
- Similar residue class At 17 sites, in almost all sequences, there resides only one of a small number of very similar residues. Similar residues are defined as those that have the same chemical character and whose volumes differ by no more than the equivalent of one methylene group, and
- Residue class (RC) two thirds of the sites are occupied by residues that have a wider range in chemical character and/ or volume than that found at SR sites. In nearly all cases, these sites do not contain all types of residues but are limited to certain classes of residues. Different types of RC sites can be defined by the particular class of residues that they conserve:
- CDR amino acids of the heavy and light chains were excluded from the humanization process. This was to preserve the integrity and affinity of the antibody binding to the target Fn14.
- variable light-variable heavy CDR interfaces V L /V H
- V-C variable region CDR-constant region interfaces
- the Accelrys protein modelling software (Biovia, San Diego, CA) was used to perform a comparison of the mu002 antibody variable region structure with the versions of heavy and light chains designed during the first generation of humanization.
- the antibody modelling software by Accelrys was used to create 3D models of the mu002 antibody followed by the build mutants and calculate mutational energy programs to analyse the effect of the humanization process on the stability of the antibody.
- Three versions of the hu002 light chain and one version of the hu002 heavy chain were prepared containing a small number of amino acids differences designed to determine which amino acid combination provided the most suitable candidate.
- the sequences were submitted to GenScript for codon optimization of product expression in the mammalian cell line CHO SV. Codon optimization can improve the expression and production of heterologous proteins. By changing the codons of a protein at the DNA level to ones that are most commonly recognized by the mammalian cells to be used for expression, this can improve the expression and secretion of the heterologous protein.
- LC and HC domains were excised from GeneArt pcDNA3.1 mammalian expression vectors using EcoRI and HinDIII restriction enzymes and cloned into heavy chain and light chain mammalian expression vectors.
- Heavy and light chain constructs were sequence verified prior to construction of the final expression vector that contained both the heavy and light chain sequences. The final construct was then sequence verified (Mircromon Sequencing, Monash University, Australia). Subsequently the humanized heavy chain and light chain variable region combinations were evaluated for binding. The following constructs were created:
- the DNA and protein sequences for heavy chain variable regions are disclosed in SEQ ID Nos: 7 and 8 respectively.
- the pCDNA 3.1 vectors containing the heavy and light chain hu002 antibody sequences were co-transfected in to Freestyle 293T cells (Invitrogen) and transiently expressed following manufacturer’s protocol. Analysis of the binding activity indicated that all three variants performed equally well.
- Variant 3 hu002 HC LC. V3 containing the highest number of humanized amino acids was chosen for further analysis.
- a human lgG1 version of the hu002 heavy chain antibody was created to enable investigation of the possibility that the constant region of the hu002 lgG4 antibody construct was causing the apparent intact IgG instability.
- the lgG1 constant region sequence from another successfully produced humanized monoclonal antibody within the laboratory was used to create the hu002 heavy chain lgG1 construct.
- Restriction enzyme Pmel and Drain digests were performed on i) the heavy chain mammalian expression vector containing the lgG1 constant region and ii) the hu002 heavy chain mammalian expression vector.
- the hu002 heavy chain variable region and the heavy chain IgG 1 mammalian expression vector were agarose gel separated, excised and purified.
- the hu002 heavy chain variable region was then ligated into the heavy chain lgG1 mammalian expression vector to create the hu002 heavy chain lgG1 construct.
- the mammalian expression vector containing both the hu002 heavy chain lgG1 and light chain V3 variable regions was then created (phu002 HC lgG1 -LCV3). Transient expression of the sequence verified final construct was successfully performed. Following protein-A purification of the antibody protein analyses were performed by SDS PAGE gel and size exclusion chromatography (SEC)- HPLC. Investigation of control lgG4 protein characteristics in two mammalian expression systems To investigate the possibility that the expression vectors were contributing to the apparent instability, a previously humanized, lgG4 antibody was subcloned into the heavy and light chain mammalian expression vectors used to create the hu002 constructs.
- the lgG4 constant region sequence of this antibody was identical to that used for hu002, so only the vector sequence was the variable being assessed.
- Subcloning of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains of the test antibody was performed using Pmel and Drain (HC) or Rsrll (LC) restriction enzymes and digesting the hu002 heavy chain and light chain mammalian expression vectors.
- the variable regions were then subcloned into the respective light and heavy chain constant region containing vectors followed by sequence verification (Micromon).
- a final mammalian expression vector containing both the heavy and light chains of the test antibody was constructed. Transient expression in the Freestyle 293T cells followed by protein purification and SDS PAGE analysis.
- Protein expression analysis demonstrated no difference in lgG4 product between the original expression vectors and those previously used. Therefore the mammalian expression vectors were not the source of the apparent instability.
- Second generation constructs were created due to the apparent instability in the humanized constructs when analyzed by SDS PAGE under non-reducing conditions.
- the investigation of the apparent instability focused on three areas: 1 ) amino acid residues, 2) the heavy chain constant region, and 3) the mammalian expression system.
- Second generation light chain variable region constructs were synthesized using the Agilent Technologies Quick Change Mutagenesis kit.
- the mammalian expression vector containing the light chain variable region variant 3 was used as the template and the mutations were introduced following the manufacturers protocol. After each combination of mutations was completed, the vectors were sent for sequence verification (Micromon, Monash University, Australia).
- Final mammalian expression vector constructs containing both the heavy and light chain variable region sequences were prepared, sequence verified (Micromon) and tested for apparent binding affinity following transient expression in Freestyle 293T cells (Thermofisher Scientific).
- Light chain variable region amino acid residues 77 and 80 were considered for back mutation to the parental murine residues: Hu77 Serine —> Mu77 Proline and Hu80 Proline Mu80 Glutamic acid.
- the amino acid proline can introduce turns in the antibody super structure (tertiary) that can impact on the binding affinity.
- Both amino acid 77 and 80 are in the interstrand loops according to Chothia et al. (1998). Changes to the amino acids in the interstrand loops are unlikely to impact the binding affinity as this is an unordered and unstructured area between the CDR2 and CDR3.
- Amino acid 77 was considered for substitution in the first round of humanization due the fact that there is no proline in the human germline sequences reviewed at this residue and the human consensus sequence subgroup III indicates arginine at this residue. Chothia et al. (1998) indicates that serine is the most common amino acid found at this residue in germline sequences and therefore the amino acid was changed to serine. Amino acid 80 was considered for substitution in the first round of humanization due to the fact that glutamic acid was present in only one germline sequence whereas there were 26 germline sequences with proline at this residue. Additionally, L6, the germline sequence used for the template in the humanization of muFn14 light chain variable region sequence, has a proline at this residue.
- the DNA and protein sequences of the Variant PE variable light chain regions are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 15 and 16 respectively.
- Light chain variable region amino acids 100, 104, 106 and 107 the amino acid substitutions were considered to be conservative. Mu100 Alanine —> Hu100 Glycine, Mu104 Leucine —> Hu 104 Valine, Mu106 Leucine —> Hu106 Isoleucine, Mu107 Glutamine — > Hu107 Lysine. Residue 100 is part of the VL/VH interface however the substitution was considered conservative and G was the most common residue at that site in germline sequences (Chothia et al., 1998).
- Residues 104 and 106 are part of the central hydrophobic core however the residues Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine and Methionine are all hydrophobic and part of the same closely related group of residues defined by Chothia et al., 1998. Residue 107 is part of the variable/ constant region interface.
- amino acid residues 100, 104, 106 and 107 substituted in the initial humanization process were back mutated to the parental murine residues of Alanine (A), Leucine (L), Leucine (L) and Glutamine (Q), respectively.
- the mammalian expression constructs were created with the hu002 heavy chain variable region lgG1 and lgG4 sequences combined with the light chain variable region variant 3 ALLQ mutant sequence (phu002 HC lgG1 -LCV3 ALLQ and phu002 HC lgG4- LCV3 ALLQ). These were transiently expressed in Freestyle 293 cells and protein was purified and analysed in vitro for stability and Fn 14 binding.
- Size exclusion chromatography was performed on the first generation hu002 LCV3 lgG4 and lgG1 constructs and second generation hu002 LCV3 ALLQ mutants.
- Single peak chromatograms for the lgG1 constructs and second generation hu002 lgG4 were observed corresponding to the molecular weight of an intact immunoglobulin.
- Table 2 Apparent binding affinities of parental murine 002 and humanized 002 antibodies for different species Fn14 using surface plasmon resonance analysis.
- PC-3* cells Human prostate carcinoma PC-3* cells, a variant of the PC-3 cell line causing cachexia, were grown in RPMI 1640 medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific) containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 units/mL penicillin/streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and 2mM L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide (Thermo Fisher Scientific) until cells were between 80% and 90% confluent, incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2. Cells were harvested or passaged using 2.5% Trypsin/0.05% EDTA solution in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, Gibco) for detachment.
- PBS phosphate-buffered saline
- PC3* prostate carcinoma xenografts were established in male NOD-SCID-IL2R-/- (NSG) mice age 5-6 weeks (ARC, or Bioresources Facility, Austin Health) .
- the study was performed blinded. Groups of 6 mice received 002 therapy (10mg/kg of mu002 mouse lgG1 , or hu002 lgG1 or hu002 lgG4) or vehicle control (PBS) twice per week via intraperitoneal injections, for a total 5 doses over 14 days.
- PBS vehicle control
- Study endpoint was Day 17 post commencement of therapy due to control arm tumor burden. At study endpoint significant retention of body weight (P ⁇ 0.05) was observed for all three antibody therapy groups compared to PBS vehicle control arm ( Figure 3 A and B). The anti-cachectic effect was apparent following the third antibody dose ( Figure 3 A). The three anti-Fn14 antibodies tested demonstrated equivalent anti-cachectic properties compared to PBS control (P ⁇ 0.005).
- mice Male CD2F1 mice (10-1 1 weeks old) bearing Colon 26 (C26) Fn 14 expressing tumors were used to analyse the anti-cachectic properties of humanized antibodies hu002 lgG1 , hu002 lgG4 in comparison with parental murine antibody mu002 and a humanized lgG1 isotype control. Briefly, 1 x 10 6 C26 cells were subcutaneously injected into the flank of CD2F1 male mice (day one of experiment) as previously described (Johnston et al Cell 162: 1365-1378, 2015). Mice were monitored daily (body weight and condition).
- Example 5 Anti-cachectic properties of hu002 ALLQ IgGI, hu002 ALLQ lgG4 compared to commercially available antibodies
- mAb 002, hu002 ALLQ lgG1 and lgG4 are antagonistic in nature and are functionally distinct (i.e., anti-cachectic) from commercial antibodies PDL192 (Enavatuzumab - a humanized lgG1), ITEM1 (mouse lgG1 ) and P4A8 that are not anti- cachectic, analysis of the binding properties and interaction of the antibodies to Fn14 was performed.
- the interaction of Fn14 and mu002 is asymmetric, in that a large area of Fn14 is in contact with the heavy chain (HC) (15.6%; A) compared to the light chain (LC) (10.7%; C). While the interaction of Fn14 and ITEM1 is more evenly shared by HC (B) and LC (D), 15.7% and 13.4% respectively.
- Anti-Fn14 IgG monoclonal antibodies mouse 002, humanized ALLQ 002 lgG1 , humanized 002 ALLQ lgG4, PDL192 and P4A8 were assessed for functional antagonistic activity in vitro. Briefly, 293T NF-KB reporter cells were treated with mu002 or 002-hlgG1 or 002-hlgG4 or PDL192 or P4A8 at 100ng/mL or 1 p with addition of increasing concentrations of TWEAK-Fc (i.e., Ong/mL, 50ng/mL, 100ng/mL and 200ng/mL).
- TWEAK-Fc i.e., Ong/mL, 50ng/mL, 100ng/mL and 200ng/mL.
- Antibody conjugates were assessed for their suitability for use in bioimaging by exploring chelation with deferoxamine (Df-) and radiolabeling with zirconium-89 ( 89 Zr-) of mu002 and hu002 anti-Fn14 monoclonal antibody constructs.
- An isotype hulgG1 control antibody was included as a negative control.
- PC-3* cells a Fn14 expressing variant of the PC-3 prostate carcinoma cell line (ATCC) were grown in RPMI 1640 medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific) containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 units/mL penicillin/streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and 2mM L- alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide (Thermo Fisher Scientific) until cells were between 80% and 90% confluent before passaging or use.
- the cell line was grown at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. Conjugation of deferoxamine for radiolabeling
- Affinity purified murine monoclonal antibody mu002, or recombinant humanized constructs hu002 lgG1 and hu002 lgG4 produced by HEK293 transient expression were conjugated with the bifunctional metal ion chelator, deferoxamine (Df; Macrocyclics, TX, USA), at a 4.0-fold (mu002) or 2.3 fold (hu002) molar excess in 0.1 M sodium bicarbonate buffer, pH 9.
- Df deferoxamine
- the Fn14 antigen binding by the anti-Fn14 antibodies, Df-anti-FN-14 antibodies or ‘mock’ radiolabelled 89 Zr-Df-antibodies using decayed 89 Zr- was assessed by flow cytometry.
- Anti-Fn14 antibody (20 pg/mL) bound to 1 x10 6 PC-3* cells/mL was probed with a Phycoerythrin conjugated goat anti-human or goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody. Flow analysis was performed using FACS Canto II Flow Cytometry.
- the amount of free versus bound antibody following radiolabeling was determined by instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC) using silica gel impregnated glass fiber ITLC strips (Gelman Sciences, Inc., An Arbor, Ml, USA) and 20 mM citric acid (pH4.8) as mobile phase. Assays were performed in duplicate. Radioactivity was measured with an automated gamma counter (Wizard, PerkinElmer, Australia).
- Recombinant extracellular domain Fn 14 with histidine tag (7.5 kDa; 2mg) was coupled to 1 mL Nickel- NTA agarose beads (Ni-NTA; Qiagen, Australia). Briefly, a 100 pL slurry of Fn14-Ni-NTA beads ( ⁇ 20 pg Fn14) with or without the addition of competing unlabelled 002 antibody (20 pg), or non-specific binding control Ni-NTA beads was mixed with 20 ng of each 89 Zr-Df-002 construct in PBS for the binding analyses. The beads were incubated for 45 min at room temperature with continuous mixing throughout to keep the beads in suspension.
- Beads were harvested by centrifugation and washed thrice with PBS to remove unbound antibody, and pellets were measured in a gamma counter (Wizard, Perkin Elmer). Immunoreactivity was calculated as the percentage of radioactivity bound minus nonspecific binding to beads alone/ total radioactivity added.
- Radioconjugate integrity was assessed by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC). SEC analyses were performed with an Agilent 1200 Series HPLC system using a TOSOH TSKgel G3000SWXL column and a solution of 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.2), 0.2 M sodium chloride and 0.02% sodium azide as elution buffer at a flow rate of 0.80 mL/min.. Absorbance at 280 nm was recorded using a diode array UV/VIS detector and the radioactivity was measured using a scintillation detector (Packard Radiomatic FLO-ONE Beta 150TR Flow Scintillation Analyzer).
- SEC Size Exclusion Chromatography
- PC-3* prostate carcinoma cells (5x10 6 ) were injected subcutaneously in the right flank of 5-6-week-old female BALB/c nu/nu mice (Animal Research Centre, WA, Australia) in 50% Matrigel/50% culture medium.
- Tumor volume (TV) was calculated by the formula [(length x width 2 )/2] where length was the longest axis and width the measurement at right angles to length. All animal studies were approved by the Austin Health Animal Ethics Committee and were conducted in compliance with the Australian Code of Practice for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes.
- the immunoreactivity of optimized constructs at end of synthesis on day 0 was: 89 Zr-Df-mu002, 66.6 ⁇ 7.7%; 89 Zr-Df-hu002 lgG1 , 59.9 ⁇ 13.6%; 89 Zr-Df-hu002 lgG4, 66.0 ⁇ 5.9%), with low non-specific binding to Fn14-negative beads (immunoreactivity at day 0, 4.2 ⁇ 2.6%).
- Specific activity was respectively 1.99 ⁇ 0.15, 2.17 ⁇ 0.29, and 2.18 ⁇ 0.31 mCi/mg antibody.
- Df-conjugated antibodies demonstrated no change in binding properties compared to the original antibody proteins when assessed by FACS analysis with Fn 14- positive PC-3* prostate carcinoma cells. Furthermore, FACS assessment of Df-mu002 radiolabelled with decayed 89 Zr (“mock” radiolabelled) showed no change in FACS binding profile for Fn14 positive PC3* cells compared to the original mu002 antibody (data not shown).
- HPLC SEC analyses assessed the protein integrity of the anti-Fn14 antibodies following conjugation with the bifunctional metal ion chelate Df. Results demonstrated no change in the protein integrity following the conjugation process.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne une protéine de liaison à Fn14 humanisée comprenant une région variable d'anticorps qui se lie spécifiquement à Fn14, l'anticorps étant stable en matière d'expression.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2021900117A AU2021900117A0 (en) | 2021-01-20 | Humanized FN14-binding proteins and uses thereof | |
AU2021900117 | 2021-01-20 | ||
AU2021902355A AU2021902355A0 (en) | 2021-07-30 | Humanized FN14-binding proteins and uses thereof | |
AU2021902355 | 2021-07-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022155705A1 true WO2022155705A1 (fr) | 2022-07-28 |
Family
ID=82548164
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2022/050024 WO2022155705A1 (fr) | 2021-01-20 | 2022-01-20 | Protéines de liaison à fn14 humanisées et leurs utilisations |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO2022155705A1 (fr) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013026099A1 (fr) * | 2011-08-23 | 2013-02-28 | Transbio Ltd | Protéines de liaison à fn14 et leurs utilisations |
WO2016061632A1 (fr) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-04-28 | La Trobe University | Protéines de liaison à fn14 et leurs utilisations |
WO2020128927A1 (fr) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-25 | Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. | Anticorps fn14 et utilisations associées |
-
2022
- 2022-01-20 WO PCT/AU2022/050024 patent/WO2022155705A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013026099A1 (fr) * | 2011-08-23 | 2013-02-28 | Transbio Ltd | Protéines de liaison à fn14 et leurs utilisations |
WO2016061632A1 (fr) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-04-28 | La Trobe University | Protéines de liaison à fn14 et leurs utilisations |
WO2020128927A1 (fr) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-25 | Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. | Anticorps fn14 et utilisations associées |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
AMELIA J. JOHNSTON, KATE T. MURPHY, LAURA JENKINSON, DAVID LAINE, KERSTIN EMMRICH, PIERRE FAOU, ROSS WESTON, KRISHNATH M. JAYATILL: "Targeting of Fn14 Prevents Cancer-Induced Cachexia and Prolongs Survival", CELL, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM NL, vol. 162, no. 6, 1 September 2015 (2015-09-01), Amsterdam NL , pages 1365 - 1378, XP055274244, ISSN: 0092-8674, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.031 * |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20200277358A1 (en) | Engineered polypeptides and uses thereof | |
KR102585848B1 (ko) | Cd137 및 종양 항원에 결합할 수 있는 이중특이적 결합 분자, 및 그것의 용도 | |
EP3152235B1 (fr) | Molécules de liaison trispécifiques et leurs procédés d'utilisation | |
JP2024045150A (ja) | ヘテロ二量体特異的抗体上のcd3デルタ及びcd3イプシロン | |
CN114395048A (zh) | Cd3结合抗体 | |
US11525007B2 (en) | Antibody fab and Fc variants | |
US20210145966A1 (en) | Anti-cd154 antibody having improved binding, functional and safety characteristics and use in human immunotherapy | |
AU2017336867A1 (en) | Heterodimeric immunoglobulin constructs and preparation methods thereof | |
EP3483180A1 (fr) | Molécules multispécifiques | |
Pelletier et al. | Passive monoclonal and polyclonal antibody therapies | |
CA3216908A1 (fr) | Polytherapies pour le traitement du cancer | |
WO2022155705A1 (fr) | Protéines de liaison à fn14 humanisées et leurs utilisations | |
WO2023016826A2 (fr) | Procédé et moyens pour renforcer des anticorps thérapeutiques | |
WO2024082934A1 (fr) | Séquence de liaison clivable par voie enzymatique et conjugué ligand-éribuline la contenant | |
AU2022214291A1 (en) | Method and means for modulating b-cell mediated immune responses | |
WO2022162203A1 (fr) | Méthodes et moyens pour moduler des réponses immunitaires à médiation par des lymphocytes b | |
EP3852803A1 (fr) | Méthode de traitement de troubles cachectiques | |
CN118085091A (zh) | 工程化多肽及其应用 | |
NZ790739A (en) | Engineered polypeptides and uses thereof | |
EP3071599A1 (fr) | Anticorps hyper-glycosylés à liaison sélective pour le récepteur fc |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22741956 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 22741956 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |