WO2022155693A1 - Apparatus for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage unit - Google Patents

Apparatus for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage unit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022155693A1
WO2022155693A1 PCT/AT2022/060014 AT2022060014W WO2022155693A1 WO 2022155693 A1 WO2022155693 A1 WO 2022155693A1 AT 2022060014 W AT2022060014 W AT 2022060014W WO 2022155693 A1 WO2022155693 A1 WO 2022155693A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductor
power storage
voltage power
storage device
resistor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2022/060014
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Patrick LÖFFLER
Gerhard STEMPFER
Paul BATTHYÁNY
Josef Praschk
Original Assignee
Miba Emobility Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Miba Emobility Gmbh filed Critical Miba Emobility Gmbh
Priority to DE112022000684.6T priority Critical patent/DE112022000684A5/en
Publication of WO2022155693A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022155693A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0007—Measures or means for preventing or attenuating collisions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/322—Means for rapidly discharging a capacitor of the converter for protecting electrical components or for preventing electrical shock
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H2039/008—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current using the switch for a battery cutoff
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/22—Selection of fluids for arc-extinguishing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/68—Liquid-break switches, e.g. oil-break
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/004—Closing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/10—Control circuit supply, e.g. means for supplying power to the control circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage battery in a vehicle, with a pyrotechnic disconnecting device, an at least partially capacitive and/or inductive intermediate circuit and a motor/generator, the pyrotechnic disconnecting device being arranged between the high-voltage battery and the intermediate circuit and being used for quickly disconnecting the High-voltage power storage is set up by the intermediate circuit and also a discharge resistor is provided.
  • Safety devices for separating high-voltage current storage devices in vehicles are often known from the prior art, in order to prevent injury to those involved in the accident or to the people involved in the clean-up work, particularly in the event of an accident with deformation of the body of the vehicle.
  • an electric shock or a fire can break out as a result of an unwanted short circuit or uncontrolled contact between the vehicle parts and live parts of the vehicle drive.
  • suitable disconnecting devices are used in order - in the event of an accident - to disconnect the high-voltage power storage unit from the vehicle's live installations as quickly as possible.
  • separating devices often work with pyrotechnic material and are designed as so-called pyrotechnic separators, with an explosive charge and a corresponding working medium being used to build up pressure and thus a separating mechanism is set in motion, which leads to the separation of one or more electrical lines.
  • a pyrotechnic switch is disclosed, a predetermined separation point of an electrical conductor being separated.
  • a safety method for a hybrid or electric vehicle is known from the publication WO2018/091308A1, it being taught that in addition to a physical separation of an accumulator from an HV intermediate circuit, this HV intermediate circuit is discharged. Further switches are known from the publications US2010328014A1, DE 102020104617 A1, US2020211801A1 and DE102019200861A1.
  • high-voltage networks and corresponding high-voltage components are arranged in vehicles. This is used, for example, to operate converters, cooling units and/or heaters. In the event of an accident, damage to these high-voltage networks can also pose a risk. For example, in the event of an accident, insufficient shielding could damage a low-voltage component or even injure people.
  • Energy is also stored in such high-voltage networks, since differently arranged components represent, for example, capacitive and/or inductive loads.
  • the inventive object is achieved by a device according to claim 1.
  • a device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage battery in a vehicle with a pyrotechnic disconnecting device, an at least partially capacitive and/or inductive intermediate circuit and a motor/generator, the pyrotechnic disconnecting device being arranged between the high-voltage battery and the intermediate circuit and is set up for quickly separating the high-voltage power storage device from the intermediate circuit, and a discharge resistor is also provided, the discharge resistor being set up for discharging the intermediate circuit, characterized in that the discharge resistor is an NTC resistor. Temperature-dependent resistors with a negative temperature coefficient are referred to as NTC resistors or NTC thermistors.
  • NTC resistors conduct electricity better at higher temperatures than at low temperatures. In the event of a load when a voltage is applied, the cold NTC resistor conducts only little current due to its high resistance. As operation continues, the NTC resistor heats up, reducing its electrical resistance and increasing the current flow.
  • NTC resistors are usually made of metal oxides such as iron oxide (Fe2O3), ZnTiO4 and magnesium dichromate (MgCr2O4). NTC resistors are usually characterized by their resistance at 25°C (R25).
  • a temperature-dependent resistor is particularly advantageous because the discharge contact can be closed very early. A discharge is thus already possible during the occurrence of an arc when the primary contact is opened by the pyrotechnic charge. While the arc that occurs at or in the area of the separation point of the primary contact is being extinguished, the discharge contact can already be contacted.
  • This chronological sequence thus leads to energy inputs, in particular partial energy inputs from the battery and/or the intermediate circuit and/or other energies stored in the vehicle, for example inductances, in the discharge circuit at a particularly early point in time after the release function has been triggered, and at least partially dissipated via the discharge resistor to become.
  • the contact for contacting the discharge circuit or the discharge resistor is protected during the switching process and/or the current load on the resistor is reduced.
  • intermediate circuit voltages of up to 1000V can be processed by the discharge resistor. Since the operating voltages of the energy stores are expected to increase further in the course of further technical developments, particularly in electric vehicles, the subject matter of the invention is of great technical and economic importance.
  • the lower peak power loading of the discharge circuit results in lower necessary heat capacities and more time for heat dissipation, whereby a smaller installation space of the discharge circuit and/or smaller line cross sections are made possible.
  • the discharge of the intermediate circuit via the discharge resistor according to the invention and the loading of the other energy sources result in an increase in temperature of the discharge resistor and thus a reduction in resistance. According to a particular embodiment, this leads to faster discharging of the intermediate circuit and thus to a reduction in the discharging times of the intermediate circuit.
  • the discharge resistor at a nominal temperature of 25° C.—has a nominal resistance less than IkQ.
  • the discharge resistor has a nominal resistance ⁇ Ikfi at ambient temperature.
  • the discharge resistor has a resistance of ⁇ 10 ⁇ at 200°C.
  • the resistor withstands voltage loads of up to 1000V.
  • the discharge resistor is at least partially embedded in a cooling gas or a cooling liquid for cooling. This can ensure improved heat dissipation and thus better cooling of the discharge resistor.
  • the NTC resistor has a series resistor, in particular a fixed resistor, for example an ohmic resistor, in series upstream.
  • a series resistor in particular a fixed resistor, for example an ohmic resistor, in series upstream.
  • various types of linear/ohmic or non-linear series resistors are possible as series resistors.
  • the invention is characterized by a device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage battery, the pyrotechnic disconnecting device being designed to disconnect a primary connection of a first conductor from a second conductor, the first conductor being provided for connection to the high-voltage battery and the second Conductor is provided for connection to at least one consumer connected downstream of the pyrotechnic separating device, and a third conductor is provided, the pyrotechnic separating device being designed such that after the first conductor has been separated from the second conductor, the second conductor is used to produce a secondary connection with can be connected to a third conductor, the third conductor being suitable for connection to the discharge resistor.
  • the third conductor is provided as a series resistor with a predetermined electrical resistance value in front of the discharge resistor. According to a special one, the third conductor at least partially forms the series resistor.
  • a cooling device for example a heat sink
  • the third conductor is at least partially embedded in a cooling gas and/or a cooling liquid in the cooling device.
  • the third conductor and the discharge resistor are jointly embedded in a cooling gas and/or a cooling liquid. This is particularly advantageous when the third conductor is designed as a series resistor.
  • the third conductor and/or the series resistor and/or the discharge resistor are each at least partially embedded in a cooling gas and/or a cooling liquid.
  • the pyrotechnical isolating device is set up to separate a connection of a first conductor from a second conductor, the first conductor being suitable for connection to the high-voltage power storage device and the second conductor being suitable for connection to at least one consumer connected downstream of the pyrotechnical isolating device and the pyrotechnic separating device is designed to separate the first from the second conductor, which is offset in time, connecting the second conductor to a third conductor, the third conductor being suitable for connection to the discharge resistor.
  • contact can be made with the discharge resistor while the arc of the separating device is still active.
  • this is characterized by a method for using a device according to the invention, in which, after the primary connection has been disconnected, the secondary connection is interrupted in a time interval of at most 3 ms, preferably at most 1.5 ms, particularly preferably at most 0. 5 ms is established.
  • the invention is characterized by a method for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage device, in particular in a vehicle, with a pyrotechnical disconnecting device, a capacitive and/or inductive intermediate circuit and a motor/generator being provided, with the pyrotechnical disconnecting device between the high-voltage power storage device and is arranged in the intermediate circuit and is set up for quickly separating the high-voltage power storage device from the intermediate circuit, and a discharge resistor is also provided, the discharge resistor being set up for discharging the intermediate circuit, characterized in that the discharge resistor is an NTC resistor and the pyrotechnical separating device is set up for separating a primary connection of a first conductor from a second conductor, the first conductor being provided for connection to the high-voltage power storage device and the second conductor for connection to m at least one load downstream of the pyrotechnic disconnection device is provided, and a third conductor is provided, the pyrotechnic
  • the invention is characterized by a method for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage device, in which, after the primary connection has been mechanically disconnected, the secondary connection is disconnected within a time interval of no more than 3 ms, preferably no more than 1.5 ms, particularly preferably no more than 0. 5 ms is established.
  • FIG. 1 shows part of a schematic circuit diagram for a device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage device
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a pyrotechnic disconnection device for use in a device for the safe disconnection of a high-voltage power storage device
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a pyrotechnic separating device after triggering the separating function
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a schematic circuit diagram for a device for the safe disconnection of a high-voltage power storage device
  • Fig. 1 part of a circuit diagram of a device for safe disconnection of a high-voltage power storage is shown schematically.
  • This high-voltage power storage device 11 is connected via a pyrotechnic disconnecting device 12 to a high-voltage network, which is shown in simplified form by a capacitor 13 in the schematic representation.
  • This high-voltage network can be designed as part of an inverter circuit, for example.
  • a motor/generator is also not shown Can be part of the high-voltage network.
  • a discharge resistor 16 can be switched via a suitable switching mechanism 14, which in turn can be controlled, for example, via a suitable trigger mechanism 15. According to a special embodiment of the present invention, the discharge resistor 16 is switched into a discharge circuit with the capacity 13 by the switching mechanism 14 during or after the separation of the high-voltage storage device 11 from the capacity 13 by the pyrotechnic separation device 12 . As a result, the energy stored in the capacitor 13 can be dissipated via the discharge resistor 16 .
  • the discharge resistor 16 is designed as an NTC resistor.
  • a pyrotechnic separating device 12 shows a possible embodiment of a pyrotechnic separating device 12 as a fuse 1 for separating two electrical conductors.
  • a first conductor 2 is provided which is connected to a second conductor 5 in the configuration shown in FIG.
  • the two conductors are connected via the piston 3 and the conductor section 4 of the second conductor and a connecting region 6 of the first conductor.
  • a squib 9 is arranged inside the first conductor and can be actively controlled and ignited via 2 contacts 10 .
  • the connecting area 6, which is designed as a hollow cylinder with a thin cross section, is separated by the detonation of the squib.
  • the plunger 3 is moved in the direction of the second conductor 5 as a result of this separation and the pressure created by the squib and the arc.
  • the conductor section 4 which is also designed as a hollow cylinder with a thin cross section, is thereby deformed, in particular folded. This deformation and/or folding takes place in the folding space 7 of the fuse.
  • the separation of the first conductor 2 from the second conductor 5 creates an arc in the separation area of the connection area 6 .
  • An arc extinguishing medium 8, in particular silicone oil, is arranged in this area for the purpose of extinguishing the arc.
  • the arc extinguishing medium 8 evaporates, as a result of which the internal pressure in this area increases and this pressure acts on the piston 3 and a sabot 18 .
  • the fuse also has a third contact 17, which is contacted via the sabot 3 when the fuse is triggered.
  • the fuse not only forms the pyrotechnic disconnection device 12, but also forms the function of the switch 14 and its control 15. If the fuse 1 trips, the high-voltage power storage device is first disconnected, ie the first conductor 2 is disconnected from the second conductor 5 . Due to the high currents and inductances that occur in electric vehicles, there is an arc that takes time to extinguish. If the contacting is already carried out during this erasing process, the result is a high load on the discharge resistor with a possible shortening of the total discharge time.
  • the discharge circuit as shown in FIG. 1, can thus be closed.
  • the time-staggered contacting takes place according to the following procedure: First, the squib 9 separates the connection area 6 of the first conductor. Due to the resulting pressure, the piston 3 is displaced in the direction of the discharge contact 17. The separation of the connection area 6 and thus the connection of the first conductor 2 to the second conductor 5 forms an arc. The displacement of the piston 3 towards the discharge contact 17 leads to the closing of the discharge contact 17.
  • the high-impedance cold discharge resistor which is contacted via the discharge contact 17, is therefore briefly subjected to a high voltage. Due to its high resistance, the discharge resistor and the discharge contact are protected from burning. As can be seen in FIG.
  • the conductor section 4 deforms and folds as a result of the movement of the piston 3.
  • the energy of the separating function is dissipated, for example due to the evaporation of the arc extinguishing medium 8, until the arc is extinguished. Additional gas and excess pressure are produced as a result of the evaporation of the arc-extinguishing medium 8, in particular the silicone oil.
  • This overpressure acts on the piston 3 and the sabot 18 and leads to a promotion of the movement of the piston 3 in the direction of the discharge contact 17.
  • a series resistor 19 is schematically provided compared to Fig.l.
  • a fixed resistor can be used here, for example.
  • the third contact or discharge contact 17 can also be provided as a series resistor 19 .
  • a cooling device 20 is provided schematically in FIG. 4 .
  • This cooling device has a cooling gas and/or a cooling liquid, by means of which the third conductor or discharge contact 17 and/or the series resistor 19 and/or the discharge resistor 16 can be cooled.
  • the third conductor or discharge contact 17 and/or the series resistor 19 and/or the discharge resistor 16 is embedded in the cooling gas and/or the cooling liquid.
  • the cooling device 20 has a cooling housing in which, for example, the cooling gas and/or the cooling liquid is/are provided.

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage unit (11) in a vehicle, comprising a pyrotechnic disconnecting device (12), an at least partly capacitive and/or inductive DC link (13) and a motor/generator, wherein the pyrotechnic disconnecting device (12) is arranged between the high-voltage power storage unit (11) and the DC link (13) and is designed for quickly disconnecting the high-voltage power storage unit (11) from the DC link (13), and a discharge resistor (16) is further provided, wherein the discharge resistor (16) is designed for discharging the DC link (13), wherein the discharge resistor (16) is an NTC resistor.

Description

VORRICHTUNG ZUM SICHEREN TRENNEN EINES HQCHVQLTSTRQMSPEICHERS DEVICE FOR SAFELY DISCONNECTING A HQCHVQLTSTRQM MEMORY
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers in einem Fahrzeug, mit einer pyrotechnischen Trenneinrichtung, einem zumindest zum Teil kapazitiven und/oder induktiven Zwischenkreis und einem Motor/Generator, wobei die pyrotechnische Trenneinrichtung zwischen Hochvoltstromspeicher und dem Zwischenkreis angeordnet und zum schnellen Trennen des Hochvoltstromspeichers von dem Zwischenkreis eingerichtet ist und ferner ein Entladewiderstand vorgesehen ist. The invention relates to a device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage battery in a vehicle, with a pyrotechnic disconnecting device, an at least partially capacitive and/or inductive intermediate circuit and a motor/generator, the pyrotechnic disconnecting device being arranged between the high-voltage battery and the intermediate circuit and being used for quickly disconnecting the High-voltage power storage is set up by the intermediate circuit and also a discharge resistor is provided.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind vielfach Sicherheitseinrichtungen zum Trennen von Hoch- voltstromspeichem bei Fahrzeugen bekannt, um insbesondere im Falle eines Unfalles mit Deformierungen der Karosserie des Fahrzeuges eine Verletzung der Unfallbeteiligten oder der beim Aufräumarbeiten beschäftigten Personen zu verhindern. Im Falle eines Unfalles bzw. bei Beschädigung des Fahrzeuges kann ein Stromschlag oder der Ausbruch eines Brandes durch einen unerwünschten Kurzschluss oder eine unkontrollierte Kontaktierung der Fahrzeugteile mit stromführenden Teilen des Antriebes des Fahrzeuges erfolgen. Um solche Verletzungen zu vermeiden werden geeignete Trenneinrichtungen eingesetzt, um - im Falle eines Unfalles - den Hochvoltstromspeicher so schnell als möglich von den stromführenden Installationen des Fahrzeuges zu trennen. Diese Trenneinrichtungen arbeiten vielfach mit pyrotechnischem Material und sind als sogenannte pyrotechnische Trenner ausgeführt, wobei über eine Sprengladung und ein entsprechendes Arbeitsmedium Druck aufgebaut wird und damit ein Trennmechanismus in Gang gesetzt wird, der zur Trennung einer oder mehrerer elektrischer Leitungen führt. Safety devices for separating high-voltage current storage devices in vehicles are often known from the prior art, in order to prevent injury to those involved in the accident or to the people involved in the clean-up work, particularly in the event of an accident with deformation of the body of the vehicle. In the event of an accident or damage to the vehicle, an electric shock or a fire can break out as a result of an unwanted short circuit or uncontrolled contact between the vehicle parts and live parts of the vehicle drive. In order to avoid such injuries, suitable disconnecting devices are used in order - in the event of an accident - to disconnect the high-voltage power storage unit from the vehicle's live installations as quickly as possible. These separating devices often work with pyrotechnic material and are designed as so-called pyrotechnic separators, with an explosive charge and a corresponding working medium being used to build up pressure and thus a separating mechanism is set in motion, which leads to the separation of one or more electrical lines.
In der Veröffentlichung W02018/091307A1 ist beispielsweise ein pyrotechnischer Schalter geoffenbart, wobei eine Solltrennstelle eines elektrischen Leiters getrennt wird. In the publication WO2018/091307A1, for example, a pyrotechnic switch is disclosed, a predetermined separation point of an electrical conductor being separated.
Aus der Veröffentlichung W02018/091308A1 ist ein Sicherungsverfahren für ein Hybridoder Elektrofahrzeug bekannt, wobei gelehrt wird, dass zusätzlich zu einer physikalischen Trennung eines Akkumulators von einem HV-Zwischenkreis dieser HV-Zwischenkreis entladen wird. Aus den Veröffentlichen US2010328014A1, DE 102020104617 Al, US2020211801A1 und DE102019200861A1 sind weitere Schalter bekannt. A safety method for a hybrid or electric vehicle is known from the publication WO2018/091308A1, it being taught that in addition to a physical separation of an accumulator from an HV intermediate circuit, this HV intermediate circuit is discharged. Further switches are known from the publications US2010328014A1, DE 102020104617 A1, US2020211801A1 and DE102019200861A1.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist es wichtig zu berücksichtigen, dass in Fahrzeugen Hochvoltnetze und entsprechende Hochvoltkomponenten angeordnet sind. Damit werden beispielsweise Wandler, Kühlaggregate und/oder Heizungen betrieben. Im Falle eines Unfalls kann eine Beschädigung dieser Hochvoltnetze ebenfalls ein Risiko darstellen. Beispielsweise könnten durch unzureichende Abschirmung im Falle eines Unfalls ein Niedervoltbauteil beschädigt werden oder sogar Personen zu Schaden kommen. In this context, it is important to consider that high-voltage networks and corresponding high-voltage components are arranged in vehicles. This is used, for example, to operate converters, cooling units and/or heaters. In the event of an accident, damage to these high-voltage networks can also pose a risk. For example, in the event of an accident, insufficient shielding could damage a low-voltage component or even injure people.
In solchen Hochvoltnetzen wird auch Energie gespeichert, da verschiedentlich angeordnete Komponenten beispielsweise kapazitive und/oder induktive Lasten darstellen. Energy is also stored in such high-voltage networks, since differently arranged components represent, for example, capacitive and/or inductive loads.
Die aus dem Stand der Technik dazu bekannten Verfahren und Vorrichtungen erweisen sich in der Praxis als den neuen Anforderungen nicht gerecht und ineffizient. In practice, the methods and devices known from the prior art for this purpose do not meet the new requirements and are inefficient.
Es ist deshalb eine der Aufgaben der vorliegenden Erfindung eine neuartige Vorrichtung zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers, insbesondere mit höherem Sicherheitsniveau und/oder höherer Effizienz zu entwickeln. It is therefore one of the objects of the present invention to develop a new type of device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage device, in particular with a higher level of safety and/or higher efficiency.
Die erfinderische Aufgabe wird durch eine Vorrichtung entsprechend Anspruch 1 gelöst. The inventive object is achieved by a device according to claim 1.
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist eine Vorrichtung zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers in einem Fahrzeug, mit einer pyrotechnischen Trenneinrichtung, einem zumindest zum Teil kapazitiven und/oder induktiven Zwischenkreis und einem Motor/Generator vorgesehen, wobei die pyrotechnische Trenneinrichtung zwischen Hochvoltstromspeicher und dem Zwischenkreis angeordnet und zum schnellen Trennen des Hochvoltstromspeichers von dem Zwischenkreis eingerichtet ist und ferner ein Entladewiderstand vorgesehen ist, wobei der Entladewiderstand zum Entladen des Zwischenkreises eingerichtet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem Entladewiderstand um einen NTC- Widerstand handelt. Als NTC-Widerstände oder NTC-Thermistoren werden temperaturabhängige Widerstände mit einem negativen Temperaturkoeffizienten bezeichnet. NTC-Widerständen leiten den elektrischen Strom bei höheren Temperaturen besser als bei niedrigen Temperaturen. Im Belastungsfall bei Anlegen einer Spannung leitet der kalte NTC-Widerstand deshalb durch seinen hohen Widerstand nur wenig Strom. Im weiteren Betrieb erwärmt sich der NTC-Widerstand, verringert damit seinen elektrischen Widerstand und der Stromfluss nimmt zu. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, a device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage battery in a vehicle is provided, with a pyrotechnic disconnecting device, an at least partially capacitive and/or inductive intermediate circuit and a motor/generator, the pyrotechnic disconnecting device being arranged between the high-voltage battery and the intermediate circuit and is set up for quickly separating the high-voltage power storage device from the intermediate circuit, and a discharge resistor is also provided, the discharge resistor being set up for discharging the intermediate circuit, characterized in that the discharge resistor is an NTC resistor. Temperature-dependent resistors with a negative temperature coefficient are referred to as NTC resistors or NTC thermistors. NTC resistors conduct electricity better at higher temperatures than at low temperatures. In the event of a load when a voltage is applied, the cold NTC resistor conducts only little current due to its high resistance. As operation continues, the NTC resistor heats up, reducing its electrical resistance and increasing the current flow.
NTC-Widerstände werden üblicherweise aus Metalloxiden, beispielsweise Eisenoxid (Fe2O3), ZnTiO4 und Magnesiumdichromat (MgCr2O4), gefertigt. Üblicherweise werden NTC-Widerstände durch ihren Widerstand bei 25°C gekennzeichnet (R25). NTC resistors are usually made of metal oxides such as iron oxide (Fe2O3), ZnTiO4 and magnesium dichromate (MgCr2O4). NTC resistors are usually characterized by their resistance at 25°C (R25).
Ein temperaturabhängiger Widerstand ist insbesondere deshalb vorteilhaft, weil der Entladekontakt sehr frühzeitig geschlossen werden kann. Eine Entladung ist somit bereits während dem Auftreten eines Lichtbogens beim Öffnen des primären Kontaktes durch die pyrotechnische Ladung möglich. Während der Lichtbogen, der an oder im Bereich der Trennstelle des primären Kontaktes entsteht, gelöscht wird, kann der Entladekontakt bereits kontaktiert werden. Diese zeitliche Abfolge führt damit zu einem besonders frühen Zeitpunkt nach Auslösung der Trennfunktion zu Energieeinträgen, insbesondere von Teilenergieeinträgen aus der Batterie und/oder des Zwischenkreises und/oder anderen im Fahrzeug gespeicherten Energien, beispielsweise Induktivitäten, in den Entladekreis um zumindest teilweise über den Entladewiderstand abgebaut zu werden. A temperature-dependent resistor is particularly advantageous because the discharge contact can be closed very early. A discharge is thus already possible during the occurrence of an arc when the primary contact is opened by the pyrotechnic charge. While the arc that occurs at or in the area of the separation point of the primary contact is being extinguished, the discharge contact can already be contacted. This chronological sequence thus leads to energy inputs, in particular partial energy inputs from the battery and/or the intermediate circuit and/or other energies stored in the vehicle, for example inductances, in the discharge circuit at a particularly early point in time after the release function has been triggered, and at least partially dissipated via the discharge resistor to become.
Durch die anfängliche Hochohmigkeit des NTC bei niedrigen Temperaturen wird einerseits der Kontakt zur Kontaktierung des Entladekreises bzw. des Entladewiderstandes während dem Schaltvorgang geschützt und/oder die Strombelastung des Widerstands verringert. In einer speziellen Ausführungsform können bei Trennen des primären Kontaktes Zwischenkreisspannungen bis zu 1000V durch den Entladewiderstand verarbeitet werden. Da im Zuge der weiteren technischen Entwicklungen insbesondere bei Elektrofahrzeugen die Betriebsspannungen der Energiespeicher voraussichtlich weiter erhöht werden, ist der Gegenstand der Erfindung von hoher technischer und wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung. Als zusätzlichen Vorteil entsprechend einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Vorrichtung ergeben sich durch die kleinere Spitzenleistungsbeaufschlagung des Entladekreises geringere notwendige Wärmekapazitäten und mehr Zeit für die Wärmeableitung, wodurch ein kleinerer Bauraum des Entladekreises und/oder kleinere Leitungsquerschnitte ermöglicht werden. Due to the initial high resistance of the NTC at low temperatures, the contact for contacting the discharge circuit or the discharge resistor is protected during the switching process and/or the current load on the resistor is reduced. In a special embodiment, when the primary contact is separated, intermediate circuit voltages of up to 1000V can be processed by the discharge resistor. Since the operating voltages of the energy stores are expected to increase further in the course of further technical developments, particularly in electric vehicles, the subject matter of the invention is of great technical and economic importance. As an additional advantage according to a preferred embodiment of the present device, the lower peak power loading of the discharge circuit results in lower necessary heat capacities and more time for heat dissipation, whereby a smaller installation space of the discharge circuit and/or smaller line cross sections are made possible.
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Vorrichtung ergibt sich durch die Entladung des Zwischenkreises über den erfindungsgemäßen Entladewiderstand sowie die Belastung der weiteren Energiequellen eine Temperaturerhöhung des Entladewiderstandes und somit eine Widerstandsverringerung. Diese führt nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform in der Folge zu einer schnelleren Entladung des Zwischenkreises und somit zur Verringerung der Entladezeiten des Zwischenkreises. According to a particular embodiment of the present device, the discharge of the intermediate circuit via the discharge resistor according to the invention and the loading of the other energy sources result in an increase in temperature of the discharge resistor and thus a reduction in resistance. According to a particular embodiment, this leads to faster discharging of the intermediate circuit and thus to a reduction in the discharging times of the intermediate circuit.
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist einen weist der Entladewiderstand - bei einer Nenntemperatur von 25°C -einen Nennwiderstand kleiner als IkQ aufweist. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the discharge resistor—at a nominal temperature of 25° C.—has a nominal resistance less than IkQ.
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist der Entladewiderstand einen Nennwider stand < Ikfi, bei Umgebungstemperatur auf. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the discharge resistor has a nominal resistance <Ikfi at ambient temperature.
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist der Entladewiderstand einen Widerstand < 10Q bei 200°C auf. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the discharge resistor has a resistance of <10Ω at 200°C.
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung hält der Widerstand Spannungsbeaufschlagungen bis zu 1000V stand. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the resistor withstands voltage loads of up to 1000V.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist der Entladewiderstand zur Kühlung zumindest teilweise in ein Kühlgas oder eine Kühlflüssigkeit eingebettet. Hierdurch kann eine verbesserter Wärmeabfluss und damit eine bessere Kühlung des Entladewiderstandes gewährleistet werden. According to an advantageous embodiment, the discharge resistor is at least partially embedded in a cooling gas or a cooling liquid for cooling. This can ensure improved heat dissipation and thus better cooling of the discharge resistor.
Nach einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist dem NTC-Widerstand ein Vorwiderstand, insbesondere ein Festwiderstand, beispielsweise ein ohmscher Widerstand, in Serie vorgeschalten. Nach weiteren möglichen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind als Vorwiderstand verschiedene Bauarten von linear/ohmschen oder nicht-linearen Vorwiderständen möglich. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the NTC resistor has a series resistor, in particular a fixed resistor, for example an ohmic resistor, in series upstream. According to further possible embodiments of the invention, various types of linear/ohmic or non-linear series resistors are possible as series resistors.
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform ist die Erfindung durch eine Vorrichtung zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers gekennzeichnet, wobei die pyrotechnische Trenneinrichtung zum Trennen einer primären Verbindung eines ersten Leiter von einem zweiten Leiter eingerichtet ist, wobei der erste Leiter zur Verbindung mit dem Hochvoltstromspeicher vorgesehen ist und der zweite Leiter zur Verbindung mit zu mindestens einem der pyrotechnischen Trenneinrichtung nachgeschalteten Verbraucher vorgesehen ist, und ein dritter Leiter vorgesehen ist, wobei die pyrotechnischen Trenneinrichtung so ausgeführt ist, dass nach dem Trennen des ersten von dem zweiten Leiter, der zweite Leiter zur Herstellung einer sekundären Verbindung mit einem dritten Leiter verbunden werden kann, wobei der dritte Leiter zur Verbindung mit dem Entladewiderstand geeignet ist. According to a particular embodiment, the invention is characterized by a device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage battery, the pyrotechnic disconnecting device being designed to disconnect a primary connection of a first conductor from a second conductor, the first conductor being provided for connection to the high-voltage battery and the second Conductor is provided for connection to at least one consumer connected downstream of the pyrotechnic separating device, and a third conductor is provided, the pyrotechnic separating device being designed such that after the first conductor has been separated from the second conductor, the second conductor is used to produce a secondary connection with can be connected to a third conductor, the third conductor being suitable for connection to the discharge resistor.
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dabei der dritte Leiter als Vorwiderstand, mit einem vorbestimmten elektrischen Widerstandswert, vor dem Entladewiderstand vorgesehen. Nach einer besonderen bildet der dritte Leiter zumindest teilweise den Vorwiderstand. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the third conductor is provided as a series resistor with a predetermined electrical resistance value in front of the discharge resistor. According to a special one, the third conductor at least partially forms the series resistor.
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist eine Kühleinrichtung, beispielsweise ein Kühlkörper, vorgesehen und ist der dritte Leiter zumindest teilweise in ein Kühlgas und/oder eine Kühlflüssigkeit in der Kühleinrichtung eingebettet ist. Nach einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist eine gemeinsame Einbettung des dritten Leiters sowie des Entladewiderstandes in ein Kühlgas und/oder eine Kühlflüssigkeit vorgesehen. Das ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn der dritte Leiter als Vorwiderstand ausgestaltet ist. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, a cooling device, for example a heat sink, is provided and the third conductor is at least partially embedded in a cooling gas and/or a cooling liquid in the cooling device. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the third conductor and the discharge resistor are jointly embedded in a cooling gas and/or a cooling liquid. This is particularly advantageous when the third conductor is designed as a series resistor.
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers ist der dritte Leiter und/oder der Vorwiderstand und/oder der Entladewiderstand jeweils zumindest teilweise in ein Kühlgas und/oder eine Kühlflüssigkeit eingebettet. Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die pyrotechnische Trenneinrichtung zum Trennen einer Verbindung eines ersten Leiter von einem zweiten Leiter eingerichtet, wobei der ersten Leiter zur Verbindung mit dem Hochvoltstromspeicher geeignet ist und der zweite Leiter zur Verbindung mit zumindest einem der pyrotechnischen Trenneinrichtung nachgeschalteten Verbraucher geeignet ist und die pyrotechnischen Trenneinrichtung zum Trennen des ersten von dem zweiten Leiter zeitlich versetztes Verbinden des zweiten Leiter mit einem dritten Leiter eingerichtet ist, wobei der dritte Leiter zur Verbindung mit dem Entladewiderstand geeignet ist. Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann die Kontaktherstellung mit dem Entladewiderstand bereits erfolgen, während der Lichtbogen der Trenneinrichtung noch aktiv ist. According to a particular embodiment of the device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage device, the third conductor and/or the series resistor and/or the discharge resistor are each at least partially embedded in a cooling gas and/or a cooling liquid. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the pyrotechnical isolating device is set up to separate a connection of a first conductor from a second conductor, the first conductor being suitable for connection to the high-voltage power storage device and the second conductor being suitable for connection to at least one consumer connected downstream of the pyrotechnical isolating device and the pyrotechnic separating device is designed to separate the first from the second conductor, which is offset in time, connecting the second conductor to a third conductor, the third conductor being suitable for connection to the discharge resistor. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, contact can be made with the discharge resistor while the arc of the separating device is still active.
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist diese durch ein Verfahren zur Verwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gekennzeichnet, wobei nach der Trennung der primären Verbindung die sekundäre Verbindung in einem Zeitintervall von höchsten 3 ms, vorzugsweise von höchstens 1,5 ms, besonders bevorzugt von höchstens 0,5 ms hergestellt wird. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, this is characterized by a method for using a device according to the invention, in which, after the primary connection has been disconnected, the secondary connection is interrupted in a time interval of at most 3 ms, preferably at most 1.5 ms, particularly preferably at most 0. 5 ms is established.
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform ist die Erfindung durch ein Verfahren zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers, insbesondere in einem Fahrzeug, gekennzeichnet, wobei eine pyrotechnische Trenneinrichtung, ein kapazitiver und/oder induktiver Zwischenkreis und ein Motor/Generator vorgesehen ist, wobei die pyrotechnische Trenneinrichtung zwischen Hochvoltstromspeicher und dem Zwischenkreis angeordnet und zum schnellen Trennen des Hochvoltstromspeichers von dem Zwischenkreis eingerichtet ist und ferner ein Entladewiderstand vorgesehen ist, wobei der Entladewiderstand zum Entladen des Zwischenkreises eingerichtet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem Entladewiderstand um einen NTC- Widerstand handelt und die pyrotechnische Trenneinrichtung zum Trennen einer primären Verbindung eines ersten Leiter von einem zweiten Leiter eingerichtet ist, wobei der erste Leiter zur Verbindung mit dem Hochvoltstromspeicher vorgesehen ist und der zweite Leiter zur Verbindung mit zu mindestens einem der pyrotechnischen Trenneinrichtung nachgeschalteten Verbraucher vorgesehen ist, und ein dritter Leiter vorgesehen ist, wobei die pyrotechnischen Trenneinrichtung so ausgeführt ist, dass nach dem Trennen des ersten von dem zweiten Leiter, der zweite Leiter zur Herstellung einer sekundären Verbindung mit einem dritten Leiter verbunden werden kann, wobei der dritte Leiter zur Verbindung mit dem Entladewiderstand geeignet ist und die primäre Verbindung mechanisch getrennt wird und danach die sekundäre Verbindung mechanisch geschlossen wird, während an der getrennten primären Verbindung noch ein Lichtbogen brennt. According to a particular embodiment, the invention is characterized by a method for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage device, in particular in a vehicle, with a pyrotechnical disconnecting device, a capacitive and/or inductive intermediate circuit and a motor/generator being provided, with the pyrotechnical disconnecting device between the high-voltage power storage device and is arranged in the intermediate circuit and is set up for quickly separating the high-voltage power storage device from the intermediate circuit, and a discharge resistor is also provided, the discharge resistor being set up for discharging the intermediate circuit, characterized in that the discharge resistor is an NTC resistor and the pyrotechnical separating device is set up for separating a primary connection of a first conductor from a second conductor, the first conductor being provided for connection to the high-voltage power storage device and the second conductor for connection to m at least one load downstream of the pyrotechnic disconnection device is provided, and a third conductor is provided, the pyrotechnic disconnection device being designed such that after the separation of the first from the second conductor, the second conductor is connected to a third conductor to produce a secondary connection can, with the third conductor for connection to the discharge resistor is suitable and the primary connection is mechanically severed and thereafter the secondary connection is mechanically closed while an arc is still burning at the severed primary connection.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Erfindung durch Verfahren zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers gekennzeichnet, wobei nach der mechanischen Trennung der primären Verbindung die sekundäre Verbindung in einem Zeitintervall von höchstens 3 ms, vorzugsweise von höchstens 1,5 ms, besonders bevorzugt von höchstens 0,5 ms hergestellt wird. According to a further preferred embodiment, the invention is characterized by a method for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage device, in which, after the primary connection has been mechanically disconnected, the secondary connection is disconnected within a time interval of no more than 3 ms, preferably no more than 1.5 ms, particularly preferably no more than 0. 5 ms is established.
Die Erfindung ist anhand der folgenden schematischen, nicht einschränkenden Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen: The invention is explained in more detail using the following schematic, non-limiting figures. Show it:
Fig. 1 ein Teil eines schematischen Schaltbildes für eine Vorrichtung zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers 1 shows part of a schematic circuit diagram for a device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage device
Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer pyrotechnischen Trenneinrichtung zur Verwendung in einer Vorrichtung zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers 2 shows a schematic representation of a pyrotechnic disconnection device for use in a device for the safe disconnection of a high-voltage power storage device
Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung einer pyrotechnischen Trenneinrichtung nach Auslösung der Trennfunktion 3 shows a schematic representation of a pyrotechnic separating device after triggering the separating function
Fig. 4 eine schematische Darstellung eines schematischen Schaltbildes für eine Vorrichtung zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers 4 shows a schematic representation of a schematic circuit diagram for a device for the safe disconnection of a high-voltage power storage device
In Fig. 1 ist schematisch ein Teil eines Schaltbildes einer Vorrichtung zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers dargestellt. Nur schematisch dargestellt ist dabei der Hochvoltstromspeicher 11 mit gegebenenfalls allen ohmschen, kapazitiven und induktiven Lastanteilen. In Fig. 1 part of a circuit diagram of a device for safe disconnection of a high-voltage power storage is shown schematically. The high-voltage power storage device 11 with all ohmic, capacitive and inductive load components, if applicable, is shown only schematically.
Dieser Hochvoltstromspeicher 11 ist über eine pyrotechnische Trenneinrichtung 12 mit einem Hochvoltnetzwerk verbunden, das in der schematischen Darstellung durch eine Kapazität 13 vereinfacht dargestellt ist. Dieses Hochvoltnetzwerk kann beispielsweise als Teil einer Inverterschaltung ausgestaltet sein. Nicht dargestellt ist zudem ein Motor/Generator der ebenfalls Teil des Hochvoltnetzwerkes sein kann. Über einen geeigneten Schaltmechanismus 14, der wiederum beispielsweise über einen geeigneten Triggermechanismus 15 angesteuert werden kann, kann ein Entladewiderstand 16 geschalten werden. Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wird dabei der Entladewiderstand 16 während oder nachfolgend der Trennung des Hochvoltspeichers 11 von der Kapazität 13 durch die pyrotechnische Trenneinrichtung 12 durch den Schaltmechanismus 14 in einen Entladeschaltkreis mit der Kapazität 13 geschalten. Dadurch kann die gespeicherte Energie in der Kapazität 13 über den Entladewiderstand 16 abgebaut werden. Der Entladewiderstand 16 ist dabei als NTC-Widerstand ausgeführt. This high-voltage power storage device 11 is connected via a pyrotechnic disconnecting device 12 to a high-voltage network, which is shown in simplified form by a capacitor 13 in the schematic representation. This high-voltage network can be designed as part of an inverter circuit, for example. A motor/generator is also not shown Can be part of the high-voltage network. A discharge resistor 16 can be switched via a suitable switching mechanism 14, which in turn can be controlled, for example, via a suitable trigger mechanism 15. According to a special embodiment of the present invention, the discharge resistor 16 is switched into a discharge circuit with the capacity 13 by the switching mechanism 14 during or after the separation of the high-voltage storage device 11 from the capacity 13 by the pyrotechnic separation device 12 . As a result, the energy stored in the capacitor 13 can be dissipated via the discharge resistor 16 . The discharge resistor 16 is designed as an NTC resistor.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine mögliche Ausführung einer pyrotechnischen Trenneinrichtung 12 als Sicherung 1 zur Trennung von zwei elektrischen Leitern. Es ist ein erster Leiter 2 vorgesehen, der in der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Konfiguration mit einem zweiten Leiter 5 verbunden ist. Die Verbindung der beiden Leiter wird über den Kolben 3 und den Leiterab schnitt 4 des zweiten Leiters sowie einen Verbindungsbereich 6 des ersten Leiters hergestellt. Im Inneren des ersten Leiters ist eine Zündpille 9 angeordnet, die über 2 Kontakte 10 aktiv angesteuert und gezündet werden kann. Dabei wird der Verbindungsbereich 6, der als Hohlzylinder mit einem dünnen Querschnitt ausgeführt ist, durch die Detonation der Zündpille getrennt. Durch dieses Trennen und den durch die Zündpille sowie den Lichtbogen entstehenden Druck wird der Kolben 3 in Richtung des zweiten Leiters 5 bewegt. Der Leiterabschnitt 4, welcher das ebenfalls als Hohlzylinder mit dünnem Querschnitt ausgeführt ist, wird dabei verformt, insbesondere gefaltet. Diese Verformung und/oder Faltung findet in dem Faltungsraum 7 der Sicherung statt. Durch die Trennung des ersten Leiter 2 vom zweiten Leiter 5, entsteht im Trennungsbereich des Verbindungsbereiches 6 ein Lichtbogen. In diesem Bereich ist zum Zwecke des Löschens des Lichtbogens ein Lichtbogenlöschmedium 8, insbesondere Silikonöl, angeordnet. Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung verdampft das Lichtbogenlöschmedium 8, wodurch der Innendruck in diesem Bereich steigt und dieser Druck auf den Kolben 3 und einen Treibspiegel 18 wirkt. Damit wird die Bewegung des Kolbens3, des Treibspiegels 18 und damit die Verformung und/oder Faltung des Zwischenstückes 4 in Richtung des zweiten Leiters 5 bewirkt. Durch die Vergrößerung des Abstandes zwischen den beiden Leitern 2 und 5 einerseits und durch die Wirkung des Lichtbogenlöschmediums 8, insbesondere das Silikonöl, andererseits, erfolgt ein Löschen des gegebenenfalls auftretenden Lichtbogens. Das Silikonöl verdampft endotherm und trägt einerseits durch Bildung von Gas zur Bewegung des Treibspiegels bei und absorbiert andererseits die Energie des Lichtbogens und kühlt die Sicherung. Wie in Fig. 2 ersichtlich weist die Sicherung ferner einen dritten Kontakt 17 auf, der bei ausgelöster Sicherung über den Treibspiegel 3 kontaktiert wird. Somit bildet die Sicherung nicht nur die pyrotechnische Trenneinrichtung 12, sondern bildet damit auch die Funktion des Schalters 14 und dessen Ansteuerung 15 ab. Im Auslösefall der Sicherung 1 wird zuerst der Hochvoltstromspeicher getrennt, d.h. der erste Leiter 2 von dem zweiten Leiter 5 getrennt. Entsprechend der sich in Elektrofahrzeugen ergebenden hohen Ströme und Induktivitäten ergibt sich ein Lichtbogen, dessen Löschung Zeit benötigt. Wird die Kontaktierung bereits während dieses Löschvorgangs durchgeführt, so ergibt sich eine hohe Belastung des Entladewiderstands bei einer möglichen Verkürzung der Gesamtentladezeit. 2 shows a possible embodiment of a pyrotechnic separating device 12 as a fuse 1 for separating two electrical conductors. A first conductor 2 is provided which is connected to a second conductor 5 in the configuration shown in FIG. The two conductors are connected via the piston 3 and the conductor section 4 of the second conductor and a connecting region 6 of the first conductor. A squib 9 is arranged inside the first conductor and can be actively controlled and ignited via 2 contacts 10 . The connecting area 6, which is designed as a hollow cylinder with a thin cross section, is separated by the detonation of the squib. The plunger 3 is moved in the direction of the second conductor 5 as a result of this separation and the pressure created by the squib and the arc. The conductor section 4, which is also designed as a hollow cylinder with a thin cross section, is thereby deformed, in particular folded. This deformation and/or folding takes place in the folding space 7 of the fuse. The separation of the first conductor 2 from the second conductor 5 creates an arc in the separation area of the connection area 6 . An arc extinguishing medium 8, in particular silicone oil, is arranged in this area for the purpose of extinguishing the arc. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the arc extinguishing medium 8 evaporates, as a result of which the internal pressure in this area increases and this pressure acts on the piston 3 and a sabot 18 . This brings about the movement of the piston 3, the sabot 18 and thus the deformation and/or folding of the intermediate piece 4 in the direction of the second conductor 5. By increasing the distance between the two conductors 2 and 5 on the one hand and by the effect of the arc-extinguishing medium 8, in particular the silicone oil, on the other hand, any arcing that may occur is extinguished. The silicone oil evaporates endothermally and, on the one hand, contributes to the movement of the gas by forming gas Sabot and on the other hand absorbs the energy of the arc and cools the fuse. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the fuse also has a third contact 17, which is contacted via the sabot 3 when the fuse is triggered. Thus, the fuse not only forms the pyrotechnic disconnection device 12, but also forms the function of the switch 14 and its control 15. If the fuse 1 trips, the high-voltage power storage device is first disconnected, ie the first conductor 2 is disconnected from the second conductor 5 . Due to the high currents and inductances that occur in electric vehicles, there is an arc that takes time to extinguish. If the contacting is already carried out during this erasing process, the result is a high load on the discharge resistor with a possible shortening of the total discharge time.
Während dem Auseinanderfahren der getrennten Leitermaterialien wird das Zwischenstück 3 zum dritten Kontakt 17 geführt und somit der Entladekontakt hergestellt. Damit kann der Entladekreis, wie das in Fig. 1 gezeigt ist, geschlossen werden. While the separated conductor materials are being moved apart, the intermediate piece 3 is guided to the third contact 17 and the discharge contact is thus produced. The discharge circuit, as shown in FIG. 1, can thus be closed.
In Fig. 3 ist die Sicherung 1 nach der Auslösung dargestellt. Nach einer besonderen Ausführung sform erfolgt die zeitlich versetzte Kontaktierung nach folgendem Ablauf: Zuerst trennt die Zündpille 9 den Verbindungsbereich 6 des ersten Leiters. Durch den entstehenden Druck verschiebt sich der Kolben 3 in Richtung des Entladekontaktes 17. Durch das Trennen des Verbindungsbereiches 6 und damit der Verbindung des ersten Leiters 2 mit dem zweiten Leiter 5 bildet sich ein Lichtbogen. Die Verschiebung des Kolbens 3 hin zum Entladekontakt 17 führt zum Schließen des Entladekontakts 17. Der hochohmige kalte Entladewiderstand der über den Entladekontakt 17 kontaktiert wird, wird damit kurzfristig mit einer hohen Spannung beaufschlagt. Durch seine Hochohmigkeit wird der Entladewiderstand und der Entladekontakt vor Abbrand geschützt. Wie in Fig. 3 ersichtlich verformt und faltet sich der Leiterabschnitt 4 durch die Bewegung des Kolbens 3. Im weiteren Verlauf erfolgt ein Energieabbau der Trennfunktion, beispielsweise durch das Verdampfen des Lichtbogenlöschmediums 8, solange, bis der Lichtbogen gelöscht ist. Durch das Verdampfen des Lichtbogenlöschmediums 8, insbesondere des Silikonöls, entsteht weiteres Gas und Überdruck. Dieser Überdruck wirkt auf den Kolben 3 sowie den Treibspiegel 18 und führt zu einer Förderung der Bewegung des Kolbens 3 in Richtung zum Entladekontakt 17. Im Zuge der Lichtbogenlöschung wird der Strompfad zwischen dem ersten Leiter 2 und dem zweiten Leiter 5 schließlich hochohmig und es erfolgt die weitere Entladung des Zwischenkreises über den Entladewiderstand, der sich erwärmt und damit niederohmig wird. In Fig. 4 ist gegenüber Fig.l schematisch ein Vorwiderstand 19 vorgesehen. Hier kann beispielsweise ein Festwiderstand verwendet werden. Alternativ kann natürlich auch der dritte Kontakt bzw. Entladekontakt 17 als Vorwiderstand 19 vorgesehen sein. Aus diesem Grund ist die Darstellung auch nur vereinfacht und schematisch zu verstehen. Ferner ist in Fig. 4 schematisch eine Kühleinrichtung 20 vorgesehen. Diese Kühleinrichtung weist ein Kühlgas und/oder eine Kühlflüssigkeit auf, durch welche der dritte Leiter bzw. Entladekontakt 17 und/oder der Vorwiderstand 19 und/oder der Entladewiderstand 16 gekühlt werden kann. Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform ist dabei der dritte Leiter bzw. Entladekontakt 17 und/oder der Vorwiderstand 19 und/oder der Entladewiderstand 16 in das Kühlgas und/oder die Kühlflüssigkeit eingebettet. Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform weist die Kühleinrichtung 20 ein Kühlgehäuse auf, in welchem beispielsweise das Kühlgas und/oder die Kühlflüssigkeit vorgesehen ist. 3 shows the fuse 1 after it has been triggered. According to a special embodiment, the time-staggered contacting takes place according to the following procedure: First, the squib 9 separates the connection area 6 of the first conductor. Due to the resulting pressure, the piston 3 is displaced in the direction of the discharge contact 17. The separation of the connection area 6 and thus the connection of the first conductor 2 to the second conductor 5 forms an arc. The displacement of the piston 3 towards the discharge contact 17 leads to the closing of the discharge contact 17. The high-impedance cold discharge resistor, which is contacted via the discharge contact 17, is therefore briefly subjected to a high voltage. Due to its high resistance, the discharge resistor and the discharge contact are protected from burning. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the conductor section 4 deforms and folds as a result of the movement of the piston 3. As the process progresses, the energy of the separating function is dissipated, for example due to the evaporation of the arc extinguishing medium 8, until the arc is extinguished. Additional gas and excess pressure are produced as a result of the evaporation of the arc-extinguishing medium 8, in particular the silicone oil. This overpressure acts on the piston 3 and the sabot 18 and leads to a promotion of the movement of the piston 3 in the direction of the discharge contact 17. In the course of arc quenching, the current path between the first conductor 2 and the second conductor 5 finally becomes highly resistive and the further discharge of the intermediate circuit via the discharge resistor, which heats up and thus becomes low-resistance. In Fig. 4, a series resistor 19 is schematically provided compared to Fig.l. A fixed resistor can be used here, for example. Alternatively, of course, the third contact or discharge contact 17 can also be provided as a series resistor 19 . For this reason, the representation is only to be understood in a simplified and schematic manner. Furthermore, a cooling device 20 is provided schematically in FIG. 4 . This cooling device has a cooling gas and/or a cooling liquid, by means of which the third conductor or discharge contact 17 and/or the series resistor 19 and/or the discharge resistor 16 can be cooled. According to a particular embodiment, the third conductor or discharge contact 17 and/or the series resistor 19 and/or the discharge resistor 16 is embedded in the cooling gas and/or the cooling liquid. According to a particular embodiment, the cooling device 20 has a cooling housing in which, for example, the cooling gas and/or the cooling liquid is/are provided.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Vorrichtung zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers, insbesondere in einem Fahrzeug, mit einer pyrotechnischen Trenneinrichtung, einem kapazitiven und/oder induktiven Zwischenkreis und einem Motor/Generator, wobei die pyrotechnische Trenneinrichtung zwischen Hochvoltstromspeicher und dem Zwischenkreis angeordnet und zum schnellen Trennen des Hochvoltstromspeichers von dem Zwischenkreis eingerichtet ist und ferner ein Entladewiderstand vorgesehen ist, wobei der Entladewiderstand zum Entladen des Zwischenkreises eingerichtet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem Entladewiderstand um einen NTC-Widerstand handelt. Vorrichtung zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Entladewiderstand - bei einer Nenntemperatur von 25°C - einen Nennwiderstand kleiner als IkQ aufweist. Vorrichtung zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Entladewiderstand zur Kühlung zumindest teilweise in ein Kühlgas oder eine Kühlflüssigkeit eingebettet ist. Vorrichtung zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem NTC-Widerstand ein Vorwiderstand, insbesondere ein Festwiderstand, in Serie vorgeschalten ist. Vorrichtung zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die pyrotechnische Trenneinrichtung zum Trennen einer primären Verbindung eines ersten Leiter von einem zweiten Leiter eingerichtet ist, wobei der erste Leiter zur Verbindung mit dem Hochvoltstromspeicher vorgesehen ist und der zweite Leiter zur Verbindung mit zu mindestens einem der pyrotechnischen Trenneinrichtung nachgeschalteten Verbraucher vorgesehen ist, und ein dritter Leiter vorgesehen ist, wobei die pyrotechnischen Trenneinrichtung so ausgeführt ist, dass nach dem Trennen des ersten von dem zweiten Leiter, der zweite Leiter zur Herstellung einer sekundären Verbindung mit einem dritten Leiter verbunden werden kann, wobei der dritte Leiter zur Verbindung mit dem Entladewiderstand geeignet ist. Vorrichtung zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der dritte Leiter zumindest teilweise den Vorwiderstand bildet. Vorrichtung zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Kühleinrichtung vorgesehen ist und der dritte Leiter und/oder der Vorwiderstand und/oder der Entladewiderstand jeweils zumindest teilweise in ein Kühlgas und/oder eine Kühlflüssigkeit in der Kühleinrichtung eingebettet ist. Verfahren zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers, insbesondere in einem Fahrzeug, mit einer pyrotechnischen Trenneinrichtung, einem kapazitiven und/oder induktiven Zwischenkreis und einem Motor/Generator, wobei die pyrotechnische Trenneinrichtung zwischen Hochvoltstromspeicher und dem Zwischenkreis angeordnet und zum schnellen Trennen des Hochvoltstromspeichers von dem Zwischenkreis eingerichtet ist und ferner ein Entladewiderstand vorgesehen ist, wobei der Entladewiderstand zum Entladen des Zwischenkreises eingerichtet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem Entladewiderstand um einen NTC-Widerstand handelt und die pyrotechnische Trenneinrichtung zum Trennen einer primären Verbindung eines ersten Leiter von einem zweiten Leiter eingerichtet ist, wobei der erste Leiter zur Verbindung mit dem Hochvoltstromspeicher vorgesehen ist und der zweite Leiter zur Verbindung mit zu mindestens einem der pyrotechnischen Trenneinrichtung nachgeschalteten Verbraucher vorgesehen ist, und ein dritter Leiter vorgesehen ist, wobei die pyrotechnischen Trenneinrichtung so ausgeführt ist, dass nach dem Trennen des ersten von dem zweiten Leiter, der zweite Leiter zur Herstellung einer sekundären Verbindung mit einem dritten Leiter verbunden werden kann, wobei der dritte Leiter zur Verbindung mit dem Entladewiderstand geeignet ist und die primäre Verbindung mechanisch getrennt wird und danach die sekundäre Verbindung mechanisch geschlossen wird, während an der getrennten primären Verbindung noch ein Lichtbogen brennt. Verfahren zum sicheren Trennen eines Hochvoltstromspeichers nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach der mechanischen Trennung der primären Verbindung die sekundäre Verbindung in einem Zeitintervall von höchstens 3 ms, vorzugsweise von höchstens 1,5 ms, besonders bevorzugt von höchstens 0,5 ms hergestellt wird. Patent claims Device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage device, in particular in a vehicle, with a pyrotechnical disconnecting device, a capacitive and/or inductive intermediate circuit and a motor/generator, the pyrotechnical disconnecting device being arranged between the high-voltage power storage device and the intermediate circuit and for quickly disconnecting the high-voltage power storage device is set up by the intermediate circuit and a discharge resistor is also provided, the discharge resistor being set up for discharging the intermediate circuit, characterized in that the discharge resistor is an NTC resistor. Device for safely separating a high-voltage power storage device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the discharge resistor - at a nominal temperature of 25°C - has a nominal resistance less than IkQ. Device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the discharge resistor is at least partially embedded in a cooling gas or a cooling liquid for cooling. Device for safely isolating a high-voltage power storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a series resistor, in particular a fixed resistor, is connected in series with the NTC resistor. Device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pyrotechnic disconnecting device is designed to disconnect a primary connection of a first conductor from a second conductor, the first conductor being provided for connection to the high-voltage power storage device and the second conductor for Connection is provided with at least one of the pyrotechnic separating device downstream consumers, and a third conductor is provided, the pyrotechnic separating device is designed so that after separating the first from the second conductor, the second conductor to produce a secondary connection with a third conductor can be connected, the third conductor being suitable for connection to the discharge resistor. Device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the third conductor at least partially forms the series resistor. Device for safely separating a high-voltage power storage device according to Claim 6, characterized in that a cooling device is provided and the third conductor and/or the series resistor and/or the discharge resistor is at least partially embedded in a cooling gas and/or a cooling liquid in the cooling device. Method for safely separating a high-voltage power storage device, in particular in a vehicle, with a pyrotechnical separating device, a capacitive and/or inductive intermediate circuit and a motor/generator, the pyrotechnical separating device being arranged between the high-voltage power storage device and the intermediate circuit and being set up for quickly separating the high-voltage power storage device from the intermediate circuit and a discharge resistor is also provided, the discharge resistor being set up for discharging the intermediate circuit, characterized in that the discharge resistor is an NTC resistor and the pyrotechnic disconnecting device is set up for disconnecting a primary connection of a first conductor from a second conductor is provided, the first conductor being provided for connection to the high-voltage power storage device and the second conductor being provided for connection to at least one consumer connected downstream of the pyrotechnic separating device i st, and a third conductor is provided, wherein the pyrotechnic separation device is designed such that after separating the first from the second conductor, the second conductor can be connected to a third conductor to produce a secondary connection, the third conductor for connection with the discharge resistor is suitable and the primary connection is mechanically disconnected and thereafter the secondary connection is mechanically closed while an arc is still burning on the disconnected primary connection. Method for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage device according to claim 8, characterized in that after the mechanical disconnection of the primary connection, the secondary connection is made in a time interval of at most 3 ms, preferably at most 1.5 ms, particularly preferably at most 0.5 ms .
PCT/AT2022/060014 2021-01-20 2022-01-19 Apparatus for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage unit WO2022155693A1 (en)

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