WO2022152459A1 - Verfahren zur additiven herstellung eines dreidimensionalen objekts - Google Patents
Verfahren zur additiven herstellung eines dreidimensionalen objekts Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022152459A1 WO2022152459A1 PCT/EP2021/083904 EP2021083904W WO2022152459A1 WO 2022152459 A1 WO2022152459 A1 WO 2022152459A1 EP 2021083904 W EP2021083904 W EP 2021083904W WO 2022152459 A1 WO2022152459 A1 WO 2022152459A1
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- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- green body
- exposure
- building material
- dimensional object
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
- B29C64/277—Arrangements for irradiation using multiple radiation means, e.g. micromirrors or multiple light-emitting diodes [LED]
- B29C64/282—Arrangements for irradiation using multiple radiation means, e.g. micromirrors or multiple light-emitting diodes [LED] of the same type, e.g. using different energy levels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/295—Heating elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/364—Conditioning of environment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/40—Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the additive production of a three-dimensional object, a green body being formed by means of UV radiation by successive, in particular layered, selective exposure and solidification of a building material comprising at least one UV-curable component.
- this green body can be subjected to thermal energy in order thereby to form the three-dimensional object.
- the disadvantage of the DLS or CLIP process is that when energy is introduced into the building material by means of UV radiation, at least one component of the building material can heat up to such an extent that the viscosity properties of the building material and, if necessary, partial hardening of the building material can result.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a method which increases the quality of the three-dimensional objects to be produced or enables precisely predefined mechanical properties of the three-dimensional objects to be produced, particularly with regard to a simple, quick and cost-effective measure.
- the object is achieved by a method for the additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1.
- the dependent claims relate to possible embodiments of the method and a three-dimensional object produced from the method described herein.
- the invention relates to a method for the additive production of a three-dimensional object by means of the following method steps: (a) - first hardening step - successive, in particular layered, selective exposure and hardening of a building material comprising at least one UV-curable component UV radiation to form a green body, (b) - second solidification step - applying thermal energy to the green body, with at least one component of the building material curing thermally when a curing temperature is exceeded to form the three-dimensional object, with (c) controlling the exposure of the green body by means of the UV radiation - during the first method step - takes place in such a way that at least in sections the curing temperature of the at least one component is not significantly exceeded.
- a resin-based construction material or a construction material comprising a resin material, in particular a synthetic resin material can be used.
- a DLS process or a CLIP process is used as an additive manufacturing process.
- the DLS method is characterized in particular by the fact that a liquid and UV-curable building material located in a construction container is selectively cured by means of UV radiation in order to form a green body having a defined shape.
- This green body or green compact is then subjected to a thermal hardening process in a second process step—solidification step—and thermal energy is applied in the process.
- the green body can be placed in an oven or in a heating chamber.
- At least a first component of the building material triggers a predominantly, in particular complete, strength-increasing reaction due to UV radiation impinging on the building material.
- the building material can, for example, comprise at least two components, with at least one component thermally curing when a curing temperature is exceeded or carrying out a reaction initiated by the thermal energy, which leads to a solidification or a change in the crosslinking or concatenation of the building material. With a building material that has at least two components that have different curing behavior, higher and/or more targeted mechanical properties can be achieved for the three-dimensional object through the targeted utilization of the respective curing behavior of the components.
- the exposure to UV radiation in the first process step forming the green body is controlled in such a way that the curing temperature of the at least one component, in particular all components, of the building material is not exceeded or significantly exceeded, at least in sections.
- the at least one other, at least thermally hardening component of the building material should not yet undergo any, in particular no significant or predominant, hardening or hardening in the actual sense Experienced.
- the curing or hardening capacity of the building material due to the application of thermal energy is thus to be reserved as far as possible, in particular completely, for the second process step, in which the green body is specifically exposed to thermal energy.
- Exceeding the curing temperature insignificantly means that the curing temperature can be exceeded selectively or briefly during the course of the UV exposure, but this thermal energy input is so small that it does not lead to any significant curing or solidification of the thermally curing component of the building material.
- exceeding the curing temperature insignificantly can include exceeding the curing temperature, in particular briefly, by a maximum of 15%, preferably by a maximum of 10%, particularly preferably by a maximum of 5%.
- a curing temperature that is not significantly exceeded can include a temperature or an energy input due to a curing temperature that may have been exceeded, which has a residual hardening capacity or residual curing capacity of the building material that has already been cured by means of UV radiation, in particular at least the thermally curing component of the material cured by means of UV radiation Building material, due to exposure to thermal energy of at least 70%, preferably at least 85%, particularly preferably at least 95%, allows.
- the curing temperature can also be used as the thermal limit energy input of the thermal energy, when this is exceeded, crosslinking or curing of the thermally curing component of the building material takes place.
- the exposure to UV radiation to form the green body can be controlled, for example, in such a way that at least 50%, preferably at least 75%, particularly preferably at least 85%, most preferably at least 95%, of at least one building material layer of the green body to be exposed does not have any significant If the curing temperature is exceeded or the respective percentages of the building material layers forming the green body still have a thermal crosslinking potential or curing capacity for the subsequent process step that applies thermal energy to the green body. Alternatively or additionally, the percentages can relate to the volume of the green body, i. H. e.g. B.
- At least 50%, preferably at least 75%, particularly preferably at least 85%, most preferably at least 95%, of the volume of the green body after the first process step, which directs the UV radiation onto the building material have significant thermal crosslinking potential or curing capacity.
- the exposure to UV radiation used to form the green body can be controlled, for example, in such a way that thermal curing is reduced to a maximum of 20% by volume, preferably a maximum of 12% by volume, if the curing temperature of the at least one component of the building material is significantly exceeded.
- the method of the invention described herein preferably relates to a computer-aided method.
- at least the control of the UV radiation during the first solidification step is carried out with the aid of a computer.
- the computer-aided method preferably includes the control of further elements of the additive manufacturing device via a central computer unit, e.g. B. by means of the computing device.
- this can Filling of fresh unsolidified building material in the construction container (e.g. volume flow) and/or the movement of the construction panel relative to the construction container and/or the UV radiation and/or a temperature control device of the construction chamber are described in respective control parameter data and respective actuators according to the control parameter data be controlled.
- the successive, in particular layered, selective exposure and solidification of the building material comprising at least one, in particular predominantly, UV-curable component takes place by means of UV radiation to form the green body in a building space, with a Has a detection device for detecting parameter data and/or a temperature value and the exposure to UV radiation for forming the green body is controlled as a function of the parameter data and/or as a function of the temperature value.
- the detection device is designed as a thermal camera, so that during the first process step the thermal effect on the surface of the building material can be detected or monitored by means of the thermal camera.
- a reaction can be made by changing the control of the UV radiation.
- the occurrence of the exceeding can be averted and/or the curing temperature can be exceeded for as short a time as possible by appropriate control of the exposure taking place by means of the UV radiation.
- the detection device can also detect or monitor the effect of a temperature control device of the additive manufacturing device.
- the detection device can detect a viscosity value of the building material in a non-contact or touching manner.
- a viscosity value of the building material can be used to draw conclusions about the degree of curing or crosslinking of at least one component of the building material due to thermal energy input or exceeding the curing temperature during the introduction of UV radiation in the first solidification step, and consequently as an input variable for influencing the control of the UV -Radiation comprehensive exposure can be used.
- the exposure to UV radiation used to form the green body (a) is controlled as a function of parameter data and/or temperature values and/or temperature values and/or obtained from previous additive manufacturing processes for the manufacture of at least one three-dimensional object or (b) takes place as a function of parameter data and/or temperature values derived in the course of a simulation taking into account a target geometry of the three-dimensional object to be produced.
- historical data on previous additively manufactured three-dimensional objects can be used in order to obtain data relating to the thermal energy input during the exposure of the building material to UV radiation, in particular when comparing the geometry of the previous three-dimensional objects and the three-dimensional object to be produced.
- UV radiation can be used to keep the activation of the UV radiation to achieve the lowest possible thermal energy input or at least the limitation of the thermal energy input below a curing temperature.
- information useful for controlling the UV radiation can be obtained or generated based on a simulation for controlling the UV radiation during the production of the green body. This information can be used to ensure that a curing temperature is not significantly exceeded during the first solidification step.
- At least one three-dimensional object produced from the previous additive manufacturing process can be subjected to a strength and/or rigidity analysis in order to determine data obtained from previous additive manufacturing processes.
- the data in particular the data indicating that the curing temperature has been exceeded during the first hardening step, can be determined, for example, based on strength and/or rigidity values of the previously manufactured three-dimensional object determined from the strength and/or rigidity analysis. Based on the data determined in the strength and/or stiffness analysis, conclusions can be drawn about the degree of thermal hardening the at least one component of the building material take place during the exposure based on UV radiation in the first solidification step.
- the control of the exposure by means of the UV radiation to form the green body can be controlled, for example, in such a way that the average temperature in the building material forming the green body is a maximum of 55 °C, preferably a maximum of 45 °C, particularly preferably a maximum of 37.5 °C preferably at most 25°C. If the average or maximum temperature does not exceed the limit values of 55 °C, preferably 45 °C, particularly preferably 37.5 °C, most preferably 25 °C, crosslinking or hardening of the at least one component of the building material can occur due to the effect of thermal energy or .Be prevented due to exceeding the curing temperature.
- the control of the exposure by means of the UV radiation to form the green body can, for example, include at least one of the following process parameters: (a) Changing a waiting time of a first UV entry to a second UV entry by means of the UV radiation within one or different building material layers and /or (b) a change in an intensity of a UV input of the UV radiation into the building material within a building material layer and/or (c) a change in a duration of an exposure time of a UV energy input of the UV radiation within a building material layer and/or ( d) a change in a wavelength of a UV energy input of the UV radiation within one or more building material layers.
- the process parameters listed are suitable for keeping the introduction of thermal energy into the building material low and/or harmless during exposure by means of the UV radiation for forming the green body on a thermal curing or crosslinking of the at least one component of the building material.
- the exposure by means of UV radiation for forming the green body can be controlled, for example, as a function of at least one item of target geometry information of the three-dimensional object to be produced and/or as a function of target geometry information of the green body.
- the at least one piece of target and/or target geometry information can, for example, To draw conclusions about the thermal energy input per unit area into the building material during the introduction of UV radiation.
- this (comparative) data can contain information on the curing temperatures occurring at least in sections during production or their simulated production or corresponding energy inputs into the relate to building materials.
- At least one item of control information in particular control information, can be taken or obtained from the database, which makes it possible to influence the control of the exposure to UV radiation to form the green body in such a way that at least in sections, in particular completely, the curing temperature of the at least one component is not significantly exceeded or the thermal energy input of the UV radiation into the building material is below a thermal curing reaction temperature.
- parameter data and/or temperature values are used be evaluated and/or processed by a computing device using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, in particular in order to be used to influence the control of the exposure of the green body and/or a later green body, which takes place by means of the UV radiation.
- AI artificial intelligence
- the previously collected database or the existing database can be used in a simple and targeted manner to prevent an excessive thermal energy input in the course of UV radiation can be used in the first solidification step.
- a neural network can e.g. B. include machine learning and / or deep learning.
- the parameter data and/or temperature values originating from different sources are evaluated by the AI algorithms in such a way that their informative value with regard to the temperature development or the thermal energy input into the building material increases and consequently a higher accuracy for the control of the exposure taking place by means of UV radiation of the green body can be achieved.
- the non-exceeding of the curing temperature or the non-exceeding of a tolerance threshold defined as a function of the curing temperature of a reference temperature is more reliably achieved or a corresponding control of the UV radiation is achieved.
- the machine learning can include or use a convolutional neural network.
- a computing device is used which contains one or more components that use artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Because the computing device thus uses an artificial intelligence method, an estimation function or evaluation function for estimation or evaluation can be executed in order to optimize the activation of the UV radiation based on the estimation result and/or evaluation result in such a way that no or no significant exceeding a thermal curing or crosslinking causing UV introduction into the building material during the production of the green body.
- AI artificial intelligence
- machine learning such as various types of filtering and/or independent component analysis and/or support vector machine (SVM) and/or data and/or image processing techniques such as contour extraction and/or pattern recognition and/or intelligent information processing and/or enhanced learning and/or Bayesian network and/or self-organizing map (SOM) and/or neural network and/or deep learning are applied.
- SVM support vector machine
- SOM self-organizing map
- the building material can, for example, comprise a resin and/or synthetic resin having at least two components, with a first component curing predominantly, in particular exclusively, by means of UV radiation and a second component curing predominantly, in particular exclusively, by means of applied thermal energy. Curing can include solidification or crosslinking of the building material.
- the building material is present as a liquid building material, in particular made of plastic, in particular synthetic resin.
- At least one structuring agent connected to the at least one green body can be built up, for example, with the structuring agent at least in sections, in particular completely, having a specifically higher thermal energy input experiences than the green body.
- the building material is also hardened at least in sections and thus a structural means is also built up, which in particular is not part of the target object to be produced in the course of the additive manufacturing method.
- Such structural means can, for example, connect at least one green body to a building board and/or a first green body to another green body.
- Such structural means can preferably be designed as support means and/or handling means.
- a support means - also referred to as a support structure - trained structure means can support the green body supporting function, z. B. a support against gravity hold.
- At least one structural element may be provided with a predetermined breaking point, with the structural element being separated from the green body and/or the building board and/or the three-dimensional object (i.e. after the application of thermal energy) in a simple and convenient manner via the predetermined breaking point way is separable.
- the structural element being separated from the green body and/or the building board and/or the three-dimensional object (i.e. after the application of thermal energy) in a simple and convenient manner via the predetermined breaking point way is separable.
- the target body or the target object after a separation of at least a support means from the green body and/or from the building board and/or from the three-dimensional object.
- At least one structuring agent can have at least a first section and a second section, with the first section having a higher thermal energy input during exposure by means of the UV radiation, i. H. during the first solidification step, experienced as the second section.
- first section having a higher thermal energy input during exposure by means of the UV radiation, i. H. during the first solidification step, experienced as the second section.
- second section of the structuring agent experiences a higher energy input during exposure by means of the UV radiation than the green body.
- the fact that different sections of the structuring agent experience a different amount of energy, in particular thermal energy input can influence the behavior of the structuring agent for its task as a e.g. B. handling and / or support means can be adapted or optimized.
- the proppant is not part of the actual target object, it is irrelevant if, compared to the thermal energy input into the building material forming the green body, there is a higher thermal energy input in the course of the UV input, since the later thermal solidification and the associated targeted adjustability or designability of the mechanical properties are not necessarily important. In other words, it is irrelevant for the physical and/or chemical properties, in particular mechanical component properties, of the target object to be produced whether thermal curing of the proppant already occurs during the UV radiation-based exposure of the green body.
- the first section of the structural means can be connected to the green body and/or to a first green body, for example, exclusively via the second section of the structural means.
- the structure means is designed as a support means, the green body being connected to the building board by the structure means.
- the first section can face the building board, in particular touch the building board directly, and the second section can form an extension of the first section and face the green body, in particular touch the green body.
- the first section can have a higher thermal energy input than the second section in the course of the exposure of the building material, which takes place by means of the UV radiation, for formation experience of the green body. This is advantageous in that the risk of the resultant heating and thus impairment of the target properties of the green body and/or the three-dimensional object can be reduced or prevented by the spacing of the first section experiencing the higher thermal energy input.
- the structural means can have at least one stability section and at least one shielding section, with the stability section experiencing a higher thermal energy input during exposure by means of the UV radiation than the shielding section, with the shielding section as an external element surrounding the stability section at least in sections, in particular completely area is formed.
- the shielding section shields the stability section z. B. compared to the unsolidified building material, at least as long as this portion of the structural agent is still in a building container receiving the liquid building material.
- the stability section can e.g. B. form a solid and / or rigid connection between at least two green bodies and / or between a green body and the building board as a support structure.
- the shielding section can, for example, enclose the stability section at least in sections, in particular completely. Due to the fact that the stability section experiences a high level of thermal energy input during exposure by means of the UV radiation, a thermal influence on the unsolidified building material surrounding the stability section can be reduced or prevented, since the shielding section acts as a thermal insulator or at least as a dissipation of thermal energy from the Stability section can be used to the unsolidified building material inhibiting means.
- the invention also relates to a three-dimensional object, in particular a vehicle component, which was manufactured using a method described herein.
- vehicle component can, for example, be part of a vehicle, preferably a motor vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle with multiple lanes, or a road vehicle driven by a motor.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device for carrying out the method for additively manufacturing a three-dimensional object according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the essential method steps of the method for the additive production of a three-dimensional object according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the device 1 shown in Figure 1 is set up to carry out a method for the additive production of a three-dimensional object 2, the method having the following method steps, see Figure 2.
- a first solidification step 101 successive, in particular layered, selective exposure causes solidification or hardening of a building material 3 comprising at least one UV-hardenable component by means of UV radiation 4 to form a green body 5.
- This green body 5 hardened or hardened at least by means of UV radiation 4 in the first hardening step 101 is then hardened in a subsequent hardening step 102 applied with thermal energy, wherein at least one component of the building material 3 thermally hardens when a hardening temperature is exceeded and thereby a physical and/or chemical target properties, in particular in its mechanical component target properties, present three-dimensional object 2 is produced.
- the UV radiation 4 and thus the exposure (in the first solidification step 101) to form the green body 5 can be controlled via a control device 7 in such a way that the curing temperature of the at least one component of the Building material 3 is not significantly or not exceeded.
- the successive, in particular layered, selective exposure and solidification of the building material 3 comprising at least one UV-curable component by means of UV radiation 4 to form the green body 5 can take place in a construction space, with a detection device 8 for detecting Has parameter data and/or a temperature value and the control of the UV radiation exposure to form the green body 5 takes place as a function of the parameter data and/or as a function of the temperature value.
- the parameter data can e.g. B. include process parameter data of the control of the additive manufacturing process.
- the control of the exposure to UV radiation 4 to form the green body 5 can be controlled, for example, as a function of parameter data and/or temperature values obtained from previous additive manufacturing processes for the production of at least one three-dimensional object 2 and/or as a function of in the course of a simulation parameter data and/or temperature values derived from a target geometry of the three-dimensional object 2 to be produced.
- the desired geometry of the three-dimensional object 2 is to be understood as the target geometry.
- At least one three-dimensional object 2 produced from the previous manufacturing method can be subjected to a strength and/or stiffness analysis, for example. It can be expedient here if the data, starting from the strength and/or stiffness analysis determined strength and/or stiffness values of the previously produced three-dimensional object 2 can be determined or derived.
- the control of the exposure by means of the UV radiation 4 to form the green body 5 can be controlled in such a way that the average temperature in the building material forming the green body 5 is a maximum of 55 °C, preferably a maximum of 45 °C, particularly preferably a maximum of 37.5 °C , most preferably at most 25 °C.
- the control of the exposure by means of the UV radiation 4 to form the green body 5 can include, for example, at least one of the following process parameters: (a) Changing a waiting time of a first UV entry to a second UV entry of the UV radiation 4 within one or different Building material layers and/or (b) a change in an intensity of a UV input of the UV radiation 4 into the building material 3 within a building material layer and/or (c) a change in a duration of an exposure time of a UV energy input of the UV radiation 4 within a Layer of building material and/or a change in a wavelength of a UV energy input of the UV radiation 4 within one or more layer(s) of building material.
- the UV radiation 4 for forming the green body 5 can be controlled, for example, as a function of at least one item of target geometry information of the three-dimensional object 2 to be produced and/or as a function of target geometry information of the green body 5 .
- the UV radiation 4 is changed by a control device in such a way that the curing temperature of the material forming the green body 5 is not significantly or not exceeded comes.
- the device 1 can have a detection device 8 which is set up to detect parameter data and/or temperature values during the execution of the first solidification step 101 or during the production of the green body 5 by means of the UV radiation 4 .
- the detection device 8 can be a construction area and/or the green body 5 that has already been produced and/or the unconsolidated construction material 3 thermally detect.
- the detection device 8 can be designed, for example, as a thermal camera and/or as a probe touching the building material 3 .
- parameter data and/or temperature values of the manufacturing process can be obtained by evaluating previous additive manufacturing processes.
- derived parameter data and/or temperature values can be obtained in the course of a simulation, taking into account the target geometry of the three-dimensional object 2 to be produced.
- the parameter data and/or temperature values originating from the different sources can be evaluated and/or processed using a computing device 9 using at least one artificial intelligence (AI) technique.
- AI artificial intelligence
- these can be used as a suitable influencing variable for the control of the exposure of the green body 5 taking place by means of the UV radiation 4 .
- the computing device 9 executes an algorithm and/or a neural network based on the parameter data and/or the temperature values and the resulting computing device information is used to influence the control of the exposure of the UV radiation 4 to the Green body 5 used. Due to the fact that a large number of determined parameter data and/or temperature data are evaluated and/or weighted or combined by an algorithm or by a neural network, the exposure of the green body 5 to UV radiation 4 can be precisely controlled in such a way that that an excessive thermal energy input of the UV radiation into the building material 3 is prevented.
- the building material 3 can, for example, comprise a resin and/or plastic having at least two components, with a first component curing predominantly, in particular exclusively, by means of UV radiation 4 and a second component curing or solidifying predominantly, in particular exclusively, by means of applied thermal energy .
- a first component curing predominantly, in particular exclusively, by means of UV radiation 4 and a second component curing or solidifying predominantly, in particular exclusively, by means of applied thermal energy .
- at least one structural element 10 connected to the at least one green body 5 can also be built up, with the structural element 10 at least in sections, in particular completely, having a UV radiation 4 defines or specifically experiences higher thermal energy input than the green body 5.
- the input of thermal energy by means of the UV radiation 4 into the building material 3 can be reduced by at least 10%, preferably by at least 20%, particularly preferably by at least 35%, most preferably by at least 50%, be different or increased in the structuring agent 10.
- the structural means 10 can, for example, connect at least one green body 5 to a building board 11 and/or a first green body 5 to another green body 5 . It can be expedient here if the at least one structure means 10 is designed as a support means and/or handling means.
- the structural means 10 is provided with a predetermined breaking point, with the structural means 10 being able to be separated from the green body 5 and/or from the three-dimensional object 2 and/or from the building board 11 via the predetermined breaking point. Due to the later separation of the structural means 10, this can be designed in such a way that it does not form part of the target geometry of the three-dimensional object 2.
- At least one structure means 10 can have, for example, at least a first section 13 and a second section 14, with the first section 13 experiencing a higher thermal energy input during exposure by means of the UV radiation 4 than the second section 14.
- the first section 13 and /or the second section 14 of the structuring agent 10 has a higher energy input during exposure by means of the UV radiation 4 than the building material forming the green body 5 .
- the difference in thermal energy input between the two sections 13, 14 and/or between at least one section 13, 14 and the green body 5 can, for example, be in the order of a factor of 1.3, preferably 1.5, particularly preferably 2.0, most preferably 4.0, lie.
- the structural means 10 can have, for example, at least one stability section 15 and at least one shielding section 16, the stability section 15 experiences a higher thermal energy input during the exposure by means of the UV radiation 4 than the shielding section 16, the shielding section 16 being designed as an area surrounding the stability section 15 externally at least in sections, in particular completely. It can be seen from Figure 1 that the stability section 15 is separated or spaced apart from the unconsolidated building material 3 by the shielding section 16; Area) reach, since the shielding section 16 has a buffer function for heat transfer from the stability section 15 to the unsolidified building material 3 or performs. The aging of the unconsolidated building material 3 can thus be reduced or its reusability increased.
- the invention described herein also includes a three-dimensional object 2, in particular a vehicle component, which was produced using a method described herein.
- the three-dimensional object 2 or the vehicle component can be used in a vehicle (not shown), in particular in a motor vehicle.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of an additive manufacturing device or a device 1 for carrying out the method described herein, which forms a three-dimensional object 2 using a CLIP method.
- the method described here can also be applied to other additive construction methods which use a liquid or powdered construction material 2 .
- the CLIP method can provide that in the first hardening step 101, see FIG Component of the building material 3 is successively, preferably in layers, selectively solidified by means of UV radiation 4 emitted from a radiation device 17 in order to form a green body 5 .
- the device 1 shown can include a construction container 18 .
- the bottom 19 of the container 4 is permeable to light and gas, or is provided with a body 20 permeable to light and gas - also referred to as a "permeable window". so that the UV radiation 4 penetrates the bottom 19 of the construction container 18 and in an intermediate area 21 - also referred to as "dead zone" - can impinge or reach the intermediate area 21 and solidify the building material 3 located there depending on the area.
- the light- and gas-permeable body 20 allows UV radiation 4 and a gas medium (not shown) to pass through.
- the UV radiation 4 reaches the building material 3 and hardens it at least partially, the gas medium reaches the building material 3 and prevents the building material 3 from adhering to the bottom 19 of the building container 18 and thus contributes to the functioning of the intermediate region 21.
- the UV radiation 4 emerges from the radiation device 17 and is deflected by a mirror device having at least two mirror elements 22 in such a way that the UV radiation 4 strikes the intermediate region 21 selectively depending on the region, for example also at least in sections over an area, with the intensity and/or or exposure time of the UV radiation 4 within the impingement surface in the intermediate area 21 can be different or can be specifically controlled.
- a solidified or partially solidified green body 5 can thus be formed in the intermediate region 21, in particular with different material properties depending on the region (depending, for example, on the intensity of the UV radiation 4).
- the intensity and/or exposure time of the UV radiation 4 is set or changed, for example (a) by controlling the mirror elements 22 of a mirror device that move, in particular at a frequency, and/or (b) by the radiation device 17 .
- At least one UV LED light source for example, can be used as the radiation device 17 .
- the mirror device can be embodied, for example, as a micromirror array.
- the building material 3 can, for example, have photoinitiators which, due to the energetic effect of the UV radiation 4, trigger a radical polymerization in which monomers grow into polymers by chain cleavage of the double bond.
- the building material 3 can harden along the UV-exposed surface. This creates a connection to the height-adjustable (cf. arrow 12) construction platform or construction panel 11, which is successively or continuously moved up by the action of an actuator (not shown) by one layer height or one layer thickness (i.e. by the radiation device 17 away) moved to create a space for building material that flows in and is to be solidified depending on the area 3 to form.
- the intermediate area 21 or the area of the three-dimensional object 2 facing the UV radiation 4 and the bottom 19 of the construction container 18 are generally always covered with liquid construction material 3 during the construction process (with the exception of when the one Free space below the raised building board 11 or below the raised three-dimensional object 2 filling liquid building material 3), which in turn can be solidified by the UV radiation 4.
- a green body 5 is successively built up in layers.
- the three-dimensional object 2 is, for example, entirely made from the bath of liquid and unsolidified building material 3 or from the liquid building material 3 filled building container 18 moved out and finally separated or released from the building board 11.
- thermal energy is applied to it in the course of a second solidification step 102 .
- This targeted, preferably full-surface, heating of the green body 5 leads to further hardening or concatenation of the building material and thus to the final physical and/or chemical properties, in particular final component properties, of the three-dimensional object 2.
- Due to the thermal stress or the increased Temperatures in the course of the second or thermal hardening step 102 can, for example, initiate a displacement reaction, also known as a chain extension reaction, of a chain extender (component B) with oligomers (component A) in the building material 3 forming the green body 5 .
- the chain extender and the oligomers can form part of the building material 3 in this case.
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US18/261,423 US20240059021A1 (en) | 2021-01-14 | 2021-12-02 | Method for Additive Manufacturing of a Three-Dimensional Object |
CN202180076856.5A CN116457191A (zh) | 2021-01-14 | 2021-12-02 | 用于增材制造三维物体的方法 |
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US20160369096A1 (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2016-12-22 | Carbon3D, Inc. | Polyurethane resins having multiple mechanisms of hardening for use in producing three-dimensional objects |
US20170113416A1 (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2017-04-27 | Carbon, Inc. | Methods and Apparatus for Continuous Liquid Interface Production with Rotation |
WO2018183440A1 (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-04 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Bio-based polyurethane resin for additive manufacturing |
DE102018215002A1 (de) * | 2018-09-04 | 2020-03-05 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur additiven Herstellung eines Formkörpers |
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US20030198824A1 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2003-10-23 | Fong John W. | Photocurable compositions containing reactive polysiloxane particles |
US10384394B2 (en) | 2017-03-15 | 2019-08-20 | Carbon, Inc. | Constant force compression lattice |
WO2019165052A1 (en) | 2018-02-21 | 2019-08-29 | Carbon, Inc. | Methods of reducing distortion of additively manufactured objects |
US11498274B2 (en) | 2018-12-03 | 2022-11-15 | Carbon, Inc. | Window thermal profile calibration in additive manufacturing |
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2021
- 2021-01-14 DE DE102021100620.1A patent/DE102021100620A1/de active Pending
- 2021-12-02 US US18/261,423 patent/US20240059021A1/en active Pending
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20160369096A1 (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2016-12-22 | Carbon3D, Inc. | Polyurethane resins having multiple mechanisms of hardening for use in producing three-dimensional objects |
US20170113416A1 (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2017-04-27 | Carbon, Inc. | Methods and Apparatus for Continuous Liquid Interface Production with Rotation |
WO2018183440A1 (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-04 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Bio-based polyurethane resin for additive manufacturing |
DE102018215002A1 (de) * | 2018-09-04 | 2020-03-05 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur additiven Herstellung eines Formkörpers |
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