WO2022150862A2 - Prüfverfahren zum prüfen einer trennfunktionalität einer hauptschaltvorrichtung einer elektrischen verbindungsvorrichtung eines brennstoffzellensystems - Google Patents
Prüfverfahren zum prüfen einer trennfunktionalität einer hauptschaltvorrichtung einer elektrischen verbindungsvorrichtung eines brennstoffzellensystems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022150862A2 WO2022150862A2 PCT/AT2022/060007 AT2022060007W WO2022150862A2 WO 2022150862 A2 WO2022150862 A2 WO 2022150862A2 AT 2022060007 W AT2022060007 W AT 2022060007W WO 2022150862 A2 WO2022150862 A2 WO 2022150862A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- fuel cell
- cell system
- switching
- main switch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
- G01R31/3277—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H3/207—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage also responsive to under-voltage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a testing method for testing the isolation functionality of a main switching device of an electrical connection device of a fuel cell system, a computer program product comprising instructions for executing such a method on a computer and a testing device for testing the isolation functionality of a main switching device of an electrical connection device of a fuel cell system.
- fuel cell systems are used for the local generation of electricity.
- electrical connection devices are usually provided, which pass on the electrical energy generated to corresponding electrical users.
- This can be a connected electrical network or decentralized electrical users, such as mobile electric motors.
- a main switching device is provided for generating an electrically safe state when the fuel cell systems are switched off, in order to electrically disconnect the electrical load and/or the electrical network from the fuel cell system.
- Such known main switching devices are usually equipped with two main switches, namely a negative main switch for the negative pole and a positive main switch for the positive pole of the fuel cell system.
- a disadvantage of the known solutions is that the outlay for checking the functionality of the main switching device is relatively high.
- test method according to the invention can be carried out in an identical manner both for starting operation, ie when switching on the main switching device, and during shutdown operation and therefore when switching off the main switching device.
- the evaluation differs in starting operation and in shutdown operation.
- a voltage variation is deliberately generated on the low-voltage side of a transformer device in a test method according to the invention.
- This voltage variation can also be referred to as test voltage variation since it would not occur in normal operation but is actively introduced into the low voltage side of the transformer device. This can be done, for example, in that a corresponding change in the low voltage on the low-voltage side of the transformer device is generated from the high-voltage side of the transformer device, a separate power supply or by varying the operating mode of the fuel cell system in shutdown mode. Once this voltage variation has been made available, the negative main switch of the main switching device is then switched.
- Switching one of the two main switches is to be understood as changing the switching state.
- the negative main switch is moved from the open position to the closed position, while during the shutdown process in a test method according to the invention, a closed negative main switch is switched to its open position in this step.
- the switching of the negative main switch and thus the changing of the switching state of this negative main switch now means that one pole of the electrical connection device is switched on during starting operation and one pole of the main switching device is switched off during shutdown operation.
- the switching of the negative main switch therefore means that in both cases, that is to say both in starting operation and in shutting down operation, only one of the two electrical conductors establishes a connection between the fuel cell system and the transformer device.
- a test method In shutdown mode, a test method according to the invention assumes that the main switches are closed. The change in the switching position of the negative main switch thus leads to the opening of this negative main switch, so that only the positive main switch remains in the closed switching state. If the separation functionality is given, this means that the impressed voltage difference remains, since the open negative main switch can no longer equalize the voltage. However, if the opening of the negative main switch is unsuccessful, for example due to the negative main switch sticking or welding together, the electrically conductive connection between the fuel cell system and the transformer device remains, voltage equalization can take place and the zero value is recognized as the voltage difference.
- a comparison of a detected voltage difference with a zero value will provide a result as to whether the isolating functionality is present or not. If the zero value is detected as the voltage difference, this corresponds to an error in the two versions described, ie a non-existent isolating functionality of the negative main switch and/or the positive main switch (in starting operation). If a value other than the zero value is recognized as the voltage difference, it can be assumed that the separation functionality is functional.
- test method according to the invention can now be used inexpensively and easily on the low-voltage side of the transformer device.
- a zero value in the sense of the present invention for the voltage difference represents in particular 0 volts or essentially 0 volts.
- another base value can also be understood as a zero value within the meaning of the present invention, which can in particular be greater than 0 volts.
- the transformer device is designed in particular as a DC/DC converter which is able to transform the low voltage of the fuel cell system to a high voltage of a downstream consumer and/or electrical network.
- the voltage variation is generated during starting operation of the fuel cell system by charging the low-voltage side of the transformer device, in particular from a high-voltage side of the transformer device and/or by means of a low-voltage supply of the transformer device.
- This is to be understood in particular as starting operation of a method according to the invention and a so-called precharge state or precharge state being achievable.
- From the high-voltage side i.e. for example from a battery device arranged there, a corresponding compensator device or an electrical network, it is now possible to precharge the low-voltage side via an inverse transformation using a bidirectionally effective transformer device and in this way generate a voltage excess for the desired necessary voltage variation to provide.
- a zero value of 0 volts is particularly assumed on the low-voltage side.
- the use of a separate low-voltage supply makes particular sense when either there is no voltage on the high-voltage side when the fuel cell system is switched off or the voltage on this side is not sufficient for the required voltage variation.
- this power supply can be used for the voltage variation in the manner according to the invention.
- the voltage variation is generated when the fuel cell system is switched off by shutting down the power generation by the fuel cell system, in particular by reducing or switching off a gas supply to the fuel cell system.
- a voltage variation can be achieved by external supply and thus a voltage increase
- a shutdown mode is based on a normal controlled mode of operation of the fuel cell system. Shutdown operation thus starts both in the form of a formal shutdown and in the form of an emergency shutdown, from a corresponding system voltage that is not equal to 0 volts.
- the mode of operation of the fuel cell system can be changed here for the voltage variation, so that the output voltage of the fuel cell system falls as a result, in particular by reducing or switching off the gas supply.
- the air supply can be reduced or even switched off completely, so that the fuel cell operation in the fuel cell system comes to a standstill for a certain switch-off period.
- the system voltage of the fuel cell system drops during these switch-off processes, so that when the main switching device is completely switched on, the low voltage on the low-voltage side of the transformer device also drops.
- This voltage variation is therefore no longer based on the zero value, but on a base value in the form of the operating voltage of the system voltage.
- the test method and the test result correspond to the basic procedure in starting operation.
- the switching position of a positive main switch of the main switching device is maintained for a switching offset period after the negative main switch has been switched.
- This switching offset duration can also be referred to as the test duration and can be approximately 20 ms, for example.
- the switching offset duration is long enough to carry out the test method according to the invention and short enough to quickly provide an electrical connection with the electrical connection device with a fault-free disconnection functionality.
- the switching offset duration can therefore be understood as a test time or safety time.
- This switching offset duration is identical or substantially identical, in particular, for the starting operation and the switching-off operation.
- a fault is detected when a detected voltage difference corresponds or essentially corresponds to the zero value.
- a method according to the invention is designed for error detection when there is no voltage difference. This preferably applies both to the shutdown mode and to the starting mode. If no voltage difference is detected despite a voltage variation in starting operation when changing the switching state in the form of turning on the negative main switch, the reason can only be that the positive switch is operating in an undesired manner is also present in the switched-on switching state. Since the starting operation is based on a switched off fuel cell system, this can only be due to a defective isolating functionality of the positive main switch.
- the positive main switch is switched in a shutdown mode when a fault is detected.
- shutdown mode the fuel cell system is in operation and should be deactivated.
- the error case here corresponds to a welded and/or defective negative main switch, so that electrical isolation can only be guaranteed by switching off the positive main switch.
- This error case preferably not only leads to the output of the error signal and/or the error information, but in particular also to a suppression of a restart of the fuel cell system until the defective isolating functionality of the negative main switch has been rectified.
- the operation of the fuel cell system is adapted when a fault is detected, in particular as follows: in start-up operation, the start-up operation of the fuel cell system is ended, in shutdown operation, an electrically protected shutdown of the fuel cell system, after a shutdown operation, a restart is prevented of the fuel cell system.
- the above listing is a non-exhaustive list.
- the individual reactions are in particular immediate reactions of the fuel cell system. If an error is detected during starting operation due to a defective isolating functionality of the positive main switch, then the starting operation can be terminated immediately in order to prevent the fuel cell system from reaching a normal operating state if the isolating functionality of the main switching device is defective. In shutdown mode, a secure and electrically protected shutdown must be guaranteed, so that, for example, in an emergency shutdown mode, the electrical mode of operation is adjusted if the main switching device is defective in order to avoid overheating or electrical short circuits. As soon as the operating situation of the fuel cell system has been saved after the shut-down operation when an error is detected, a restart of the fuel cell system can be blocked.
- an insulation check is carried out.
- Such an insulation check can be integrated into a test device and, in particular, detect insulation faults during starting operation. Due to the fact that there is an electrically conductive partial connection via the closed negative main switch due to the time-shifted switching option of the main switch of the main switching device, an insulation testing device on the transformer device side can already carry out an insulation test at this point in time.
- a computer program product comprising instructions that upon execution of the program by a computer causing it to carry out a method according to the present invention.
- a testing device for testing the isolation functionality of a main switching device of an electrical connection device of a fuel cell system.
- a test device has a generation module for generating a voltage variation on the low-voltage side of a transformer device.
- a switching module is also provided for switching a negative main switch of the main switching device.
- a detection module serves to detect a voltage difference between a low voltage of the low-voltage side of the transformer device and a system voltage of the fuel cell system.
- a comparison module can be used to compare the recorded voltage difference with a zero value.
- the generation module, the switching module, the detection module and/or the comparison module are designed in particular to carry out a method according to the invention.
- a testing device according to the invention thus brings with it the same advantages as have been explained in detail with reference to a method according to the invention.
- test device has an insulation test module for an insulation test of the fuel cell system.
- an insulation test can be integrated into the test of the isolation functionality according to the present invention.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 shows the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3 in shutdown mode
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic of an embodiment of a testing device 10 according to the invention. This is used to test the isolating functionality of the main switching device 110, which is integrated into the electrically conductive connection 100 between a fuel cell system 200 and an electrical load or an electrical network, not shown in detail.
- the electrical connection device 100 is also provided with a transformer device 120 here.
- the transformer device 120 transforms between a low voltage LV to a high voltage on the high voltage side HVS.
- the connection between the transformer device 120 and the fuel cell system 200 is provided on the low-voltage side LVS of the transformer device 120 and can be switched via the negative main switch 112 and the positive main switch 114 of the main switching device 110 .
- a starting operation SB is shown.
- the test procedure begins with a voltage variation VV being impressed on the low voltage side LVS of the transformer device 120 .
- this is done from the high-voltage side HVS.
- the negative main switch 112 is closed and the voltage difference VD between the system voltage SV and the low voltage LV on the low-voltage side LVS of the transformer device 120 is detected carried out.
- This measured voltage difference VD is now compared with a zero value NW in the next step, so that when the system is functioning there is a voltage difference VD unequal to the zero value NW and the positive main switch 114 can also be closed.
- FIG. 3 shows the switched-on situation, which can now transfer the fuel cell system 200 to regular operation after the starting operation SB.
- FIG. 4 shows a variation in which the voltage variation VV is not introduced from the high-voltage side HVS but from a low-voltage supply 122 of the transformer device 120 .
- the further functioning of the main switching device 110 is preferably identical to the description of Figures 1 to 3.
- the testing device 10 is additionally equipped with an insulation test module 60, which is able to carry out an insulation test of the fuel cell system 200 .
- FIG. 5 shows the individual switching and voltage curves for starting operation SB according to FIGS Switching curves are qualitatively specified here between a lower value, which corresponds to the switched-off state, and an upper value, which corresponds to the switched-on state. Below this is the voltage curve of the low voltage LV and the system voltage SV and finally the voltage difference VD in the bottom line.
- a fuel cell system 200 is now put into starting mode SB, both main switches 112 and 114 are still switched off.
- a voltage variation W is generated by precharging on the low-voltage side LVS, for example from the high-voltage side HVS. This can be seen between times I and II in that the low voltage LV increases. In the normal case, i.e.
- FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 show the shutdown mode AB of an embodiment of a testing device 10.
- a voltage variation VV is now generated, for example by changing the mode of operation of the fuel cell system 200. This leads, for example, to a drop in the system voltage SV by preventing or reducing the air supply in the fuel cell system 200.
- the two main switches 112 and 114 are in the closed state of Figure 6, there is a balance between the low voltage LV and the system voltage SV and both voltages decrease to the same extent due to the voltage variation W.
- the negative main switch 112 is first opened again, also in the shutdown mode AB.
- this negative main switch 112 If the isolating function of this negative main switch 112 is functional, voltage equalization is suppressed, as will be explained in more detail later with FIG. If a voltage difference can be seen in FIG. 7 at this point in time, it can be assumed that the negative main switch 112 is functionally disconnecting, the switch-off operation AB can be continued and the positive main switch 114 can be opened.
- FIG. 9 shows the individual voltage and switching curves of the embodiments of FIGS. 6, 7 and 8.
- shutdown operation AB assumes normal operation of fuel cell system 200, ie both main switches 112 and 114 are switched on.
- the voltage variation VV takes place here by reducing the air supply to the fuel cell system 200.
- the system voltage SV and the low voltage LV drop together until time II.
- the negative main switch 112 is switched off, so that the voltage exchange can no longer take place and the low voltage LV drops sharply.
- the system voltage SV follows a slow fall as is to the right of timing II can be seen.
- a voltage difference VD thus arises, which is plotted separately in the bottom line of FIG.
- switching offset duration SD between the switching times II and III. This is selected in the range of 20 ms, for example, in order to ensure that the test method according to the invention, in particular the detection and comparison steps of the test method, are given sufficient time to carry out.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18/272,142 US12332312B2 (en) | 2021-01-13 | 2022-01-12 | Test method for testing a disconnection function of a main switch device of an electrical connection device of a fuel cell system |
| CN202280008551.5A CN116670522A (zh) | 2021-01-13 | 2022-01-12 | 检查燃料电池系统的电连接装置的主开关装置的分断功能的检查方法 |
| DE112022000604.8T DE112022000604A5 (de) | 2021-01-13 | 2022-01-12 | Prüfverfahren zum Prüfen einer Trennfunktionalität einer Hauptschaltvorrichtung einer elektrischen Verbindungsvorrichtung eines Brennstoffzellensystems |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA50009/2021 | 2021-01-13 | ||
| ATA50009/2021A AT524627B1 (de) | 2021-01-13 | 2021-01-13 | Prüfverfahren zum Prüfen einer Trennfunktionalität einer Hauptschaltvorrichtung einer elektrischen Verbindungsvorrichtung eines Brennstoffzellensystems |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2022150862A2 true WO2022150862A2 (de) | 2022-07-21 |
| WO2022150862A3 WO2022150862A3 (de) | 2022-09-09 |
Family
ID=80930410
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AT2022/060007 Ceased WO2022150862A2 (de) | 2021-01-13 | 2022-01-12 | Prüfverfahren zum prüfen einer trennfunktionalität einer hauptschaltvorrichtung einer elektrischen verbindungsvorrichtung eines brennstoffzellensystems |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12332312B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN116670522A (de) |
| AT (1) | AT524627B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE112022000604A5 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022150862A2 (de) |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4847929B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-30 | 2011-12-28 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システムにおけるコンタクタ故障検出方法及びその装置 |
| JP5381890B2 (ja) * | 2010-05-10 | 2014-01-08 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | ハイブリッド車両におけるシステムリレーの診断装置およびその方法 |
| US8624601B2 (en) * | 2010-10-04 | 2014-01-07 | Enerdel, Inc. | System and method for determining physical status of switch elements |
| KR101230900B1 (ko) * | 2010-12-01 | 2013-02-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지 하이브리드 시스템의 운전 제어 방법 |
| DE102012213159A1 (de) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-01-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Batteriesystem mit Batterieschützen und einer Diagnosevorrichtung zum Überwachen des Funktionszustandes der Schütze sowie dazugehöriges Diagnoseverfahren |
| DE102013104629A1 (de) * | 2013-05-06 | 2014-11-06 | Refusol Gmbh | Energieerzeugungseinrichtung mit funktionssicherer Potentialtrennung |
| KR101667635B1 (ko) * | 2013-10-24 | 2016-10-19 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | 고전압 릴레이 고장 진단 장치 및 이의 방법 |
| WO2017090139A1 (ja) * | 2015-11-26 | 2017-06-01 | 田淵電機株式会社 | 系統連系用リレーの異常検出装置及びパワーコンディショナ |
| CN106680350B (zh) * | 2016-11-23 | 2023-08-01 | 国家电网公司 | 基于燃料电池油浸式大型变压器氢气含量测试系统及方法 |
| CN109606203B (zh) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-06-02 | 吉林大学 | 双能量源电驱动系统上下电控制方法 |
| KR102687180B1 (ko) * | 2019-03-18 | 2024-07-22 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 차량의 고전압 릴레이 시스템 및 그 진단방법 |
-
2021
- 2021-01-13 AT ATA50009/2021A patent/AT524627B1/de active
-
2022
- 2022-01-12 CN CN202280008551.5A patent/CN116670522A/zh active Pending
- 2022-01-12 US US18/272,142 patent/US12332312B2/en active Active
- 2022-01-12 WO PCT/AT2022/060007 patent/WO2022150862A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-01-12 DE DE112022000604.8T patent/DE112022000604A5/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20240302434A1 (en) | 2024-09-12 |
| WO2022150862A3 (de) | 2022-09-09 |
| AT524627A1 (de) | 2022-07-15 |
| CN116670522A (zh) | 2023-08-29 |
| US12332312B2 (en) | 2025-06-17 |
| DE112022000604A5 (de) | 2023-11-02 |
| AT524627B1 (de) | 2022-08-15 |
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