WO2022147968A1 - 一种快速车载gps轨迹精确地图匹配的方法 - Google Patents

一种快速车载gps轨迹精确地图匹配的方法 Download PDF

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WO2022147968A1
WO2022147968A1 PCT/CN2021/101240 CN2021101240W WO2022147968A1 WO 2022147968 A1 WO2022147968 A1 WO 2022147968A1 CN 2021101240 W CN2021101240 W CN 2021101240W WO 2022147968 A1 WO2022147968 A1 WO 2022147968A1
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last
endpoint
path
matching
connecting line
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PCT/CN2021/101240
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王元庆
吴洲豪
谢明辉
韦森
苏娟
金书鑫
秦帆
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长安大学
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/393Trajectory determination or predictive tracking, e.g. Kalman filtering
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/26Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
    • G01C21/28Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network with correlation of data from several navigational instruments
    • G01C21/30Map- or contour-matching

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of traffic, and in particular relates to a method for accurate map matching of fast vehicle-mounted GPS tracks.
  • the urban traffic network system is a complex giant system, with tens of thousands of traffic flows running and transferring on its network structure every moment. It provides strong data and theoretical support for systematically analyzing and grasping the operation law of urban transportation network, the evolution mechanism of congestion, improving the composition structure of large-scale urban transportation demand, and optimizing the supply of related transportation network systems.
  • vehicle-mounted GPS data as one of the fast and easy-to-obtain traffic information data sources, has the advantages of wide coverage, strong time continuity, and direct correlation with the traffic network.
  • it has been widely used in various traffic big data system analysis projects.
  • the first step of the system analysis is to accurately map the vehicle's driving trajectory and the road network structure based on the on-board GPS, which is called "Map Matching trajectory matching".
  • the related algorithm is the trajectory matching algorithm, which is generally divided into four categories: geometry, topology , Probability, Advanced, etc.
  • the overall matching ratio is relatively low, and the overall matching mileage of various matching algorithms is generally less than 90%.
  • the causes include errors in the road network topology, GPS trajectory point sampling errors, etc.; 3) It is difficult to take into account the matching accuracy and ratio. Algorithms such as search match exactly, often due to network topology reasons, the overall matching ratio is low, sometimes even lower than 50%, and if the driving direction is used to estimate the driving trajectory, it is easy to generate local matching errors; 4)
  • the algorithm lacks effective logic Control, local matching errors are uncontrollable, especially in areas with complex traffic network structures, such as parallel sections of multiple trunk roads and auxiliary roads, intersection areas, matching errors are unavoidable; 5) There is a lack of effective handling of abnormal GPS track points, such as equipment failures. Abnormal GPS track points, etc., may sometimes seriously affect the matching quality.
  • the present invention provides a method for accurate map matching of fast vehicle-mounted GPS track, which solves the problem that matching accuracy and efficiency are difficult to balance in the prior art GPS track matching method.
  • This solution provides a method for fast accurate map matching of vehicle GPS track, including the following steps:
  • step S4 determine whether there is an interruption point caused by the map matching work cycle in the middle of the matching, if so, output the matching result from the first point vp(1) to the interruption point vp(s), and return to step S2 , otherwise, complete accurate map matching of fast vehicle GPS track.
  • step S1 includes the following steps:
  • step S104 determine whether the linear speed of the current GPS track point p(i) to p(i+1) is greater than 300km/h, if so, remove the current GPS track point p(i), and transfer to the next GPS track point p (i+1), and repeat step S104, otherwise, go to step S105; or
  • step S105 Determine whether the interval between the current GPS track point p(i) and p(i+1) is less than or equal to 0, if so, remove the current GPS track point p(i), and transfer to the next GPS track point p(i+ 1), and repeat step S104, otherwise, enter step S105;
  • step S2 includes the following steps:
  • step S203 Determine whether the start node Startp is less than or equal to the end node Endp, if so, go to step S204, otherwise, check whether the start node Startp is greater than the end node Endp, complete all matching of the GPS trajectory, and obtain the start point vp(1) to The best map matching path of the end point vp(k), and enter step S3;
  • step S204 utilize the shortest path search algorithm guided by GPS track points to search the shortest path from the start node Startp to the end node Endp, and judge whether the iterative process of the shortest path search ends, if so, obtain an alternative path, and enter step S3, Otherwise, step S204 is repeated until the shortest path search iteration is completed.
  • step S204 includes the following steps:
  • step S2044 Establish an iteration for each road network search forward search endpoint s in the search open node set OpenL, and determine whether the necessary condition for the end of the iteration is that the search open node set OpenL is an empty set, and if so, obtain an alternative path, and go to step S3, otherwise, go to step S2045;
  • step S2045 select the first forward search endpoint s in the search open node set OpenL to carry out the search, obtain the corresponding search forward reference variable OpenValueL value OpenValueL.begin of the corresponding trajectory label ValidN(s) and the forward search endpoint s respectively, and judge Whether the corresponding trajectory label ValidN(s) is greater than the start node Startp-1, if so, remove the forward search endpoint from the search open node set OpenL and the first corresponding search forward reference variable set OpenValueL corresponding to the forward search endpoint s s and its corresponding forward variable HeadDist, and enter step S2046, otherwise, enter step S2048;
  • step S2047 determine whether the value OpenValueL(s) of the corresponding search advance reference variable of the forward search endpoint s is greater than 2* the forward judgment distance Jdist, and the forward judgment distance Jdist is greater than 200 meters, if so, return to step S2045, otherwise, enter step S2048 ;or
  • step S2048 Determine whether the value OpenValueL(s) of the corresponding search forward reference variable of the forward search endpoint s is greater than 400 meters and the forward judgment distance Jdist is less than or equal to 200 meters, if so, return to step S2045, otherwise, enter step S2048;
  • step S2049 determine whether the moving direction included angle MoveAng(u) is greater than or equal to 100 degrees, if so, jump to the next connecting line u in the forward connecting line set ForwardL, and return to step S2048, otherwise, press the connecting line u to move
  • the direction angle MoveAng(u) is inserted into the extended connection set NextL in order from small to large, and enters step S20410 after the loop ends;
  • the matched GPS track point serial number Sernow be the matched GPS track point serial number Sernow+1, search for the connection line u in the adjacent connection set NearL (Sernow) of the GPS track point vp (Sernow), and determine whether the connection line u is not in GPS trajectory point vp(Sernow) is in the adjacent connection set NearL(Sernow), if yes, then go to step S20413, otherwise, the connection line u is in the adjacent connection set NearL(Sernow) of GPS trajectory point vp(Sernow), and go to step S20413 S20414; or
  • step S20413 determine whether the local incremental matching point AddN is equal to 0, if so, proceed to step S20415, otherwise, the local incremental matching point AddN is greater than 0, and proceed to step S20416;
  • PWac represents the weighted variable of the local GPS track point, vp(Sernow).Weight(u) represents the GPS track point vp;
  • step S20415 When the forward search endpoint s is greater than the start node Startp, determine whether the corresponding trajectory label set ValidN(n(u)) set of the forward endpoint n(u) of the connection line u is an empty set, and if so, enter step S20416 , otherwise, go to step S20417;
  • connection line u Insert the connection line u at the end of the path connection line set SPvia(n(u)) of n(u), and insert the element at the end of the local trajectory increment set Padd(n(u)) of the forward end point n(u) of the connection line u 0, insert an element at the end of the path physical cost set SPcost(n(u)) at the forward end point n(u) of the connection line u, and insert an element at the end of the GPS track point weighted cost set PWcost at the forward end point n(u) of the connection line u Insert elements at the end of (n(u)), insert n(u) at the end of the modified road network node set NList, and enter step S20419, wherein the expression of the local search cost Costnow is as follows:
  • LOCcost(s).last represents the last element of the local truncation cost set of the forward search endpoint s
  • Length(u) represents the length of the connecting line u
  • step S20417 Determine whether the forward end point n(u) of the connecting line u corresponds to the last element ValidN(n(u)).last of the track label set corresponding to the forward search endpoint s is equal to the last element ValidN(s) of the track label set corresponding to the forward search endpoint s .last, if yes, then enter step S20418, otherwise, the forward end point n(u) of the connection line u corresponds to the last element ValidN(n(u) of the track label set). Last is less than the forward search endpoint s corresponding to the track label set The last element of ValidN(s).last, and enter step S20419;
  • Cost1 SPcost(s).last+Length(u)+PWcost(s).last
  • SPcost(s).last represents the last element of the physical cost set of the forward search endpoint s path
  • Length(u) represents the length of the connecting line u
  • PWcost(s).last represents the GPS trajectory of the forward search endpoint s the last element of the point-weighted cost set
  • Cost2 SPcost(n(u)).last+PWcost(n(u)).last
  • SPcost(n(u)).last represents the last element of the path physical cost set of the forward endpoint n(u) of the connection line u
  • PWcost(n(u)).last represents the forward endpoint n of the connection line u (u) The last element of the weighted cost set of GPS track points;
  • LOCcost(s).last indicates that the forward search endpoint s locally truncates the last element of the cost set, and Length(u) indicates the length of the connecting line u;
  • SPcost(s).last represents the last element of the physical cost set of the forward search endpoint s path
  • Length(u) represents the length of the connection line u
  • LOCcost(s).last represents the last element of the local truncation cost set of the forward search endpoint s
  • Length(u) represents the length of the connecting line u
  • ValidN(s).last represents the last element of the trajectory label set corresponding to the forward search endpoint s
  • AddN represents the number of local incremental matching points
  • Length(u) represents the length of the connecting line u
  • StartCut(s).last represents the forward search endpoint s to truncate the last element of the cost set
  • step S20422 Determine whether the forward end point n(u) of the connecting line u corresponds to the last element ValidN(n(u)).last of the track label set corresponding to the forward search endpoint s is equal to the last element ValidN(s) of the track label set corresponding to the forward search endpoint s .last, if yes, then enter step S20423, otherwise, the forward endpoint n(u) of the connecting line u corresponds to the last element ValidN(n(u) of the track label set). Last is less than the current matching GPS track point progress Mnow, and Enter step S20424;
  • Cost1 SPcost(s).last+Length(u)+PWcost(s).last+StartCut(s).last
  • SPcost(s).last represents the last element of the physical cost set of the forward search endpoint s path
  • Length(u) represents the length of the connecting line u
  • PWcost(s).last represents the GPS trajectory of the forward search endpoint s
  • the last element of the point weighted cost set, StartCut(s).last represents the local GPS track point weighted variable PWac-forward search endpoint s starting from the truncation cost set last element;
  • Cost2 SPcost(n(u)).last+PWcost(n(u)).last
  • SPcost(n(u)).las represents the last element of the path physical cost set of the forward endpoint n(u) of the connection line u
  • PWcost(n(u)).last represents the forward endpoint n of the connection line u (u) The last element of the weighted cost set of GPS track points;
  • SPcost(s).last represents the last element of the physical cost set of the forward search endpoint s path
  • Length(u) represents the length of the connecting line u
  • StartCut(s).last represents the starting cutoff cost of the forward search endpoint s Set the last element
  • PWcost(s).last represents the last element of the GPS track point weighted cost set of the forward search endpoint s
  • PWac represents the local GPS track point weighted variable
  • the current matching GPS track point progress Mnow is inserted at the end of the corresponding trajectory label set ValidN(n(u)) of the forward endpoint n(u), and the path physical cost set SPcost(n() of the forward endpoint n(u) of the connecting line u u)) Insert the last element SPcost(s).last and the local search cost Costnow of the forward search endpoint s path physical cost set at the end, and the GPS trajectory point weighted cost set PWcost at the forward endpoint n(u) of the connecting line u (n(u)) insert the last element PWcost(s).last of the GPS track point weighted cost set of the forward search endpoint s and the local GPS track point weighted variable PWac at the end, and enter step S20428; wherein, the local search
  • cost Costnow is as follows:
  • Length(u) represents the length of the connecting line u
  • StartCut(s).last represents the forward search endpoint s to truncate the last element of the cost set
  • n(u) represents the Euclidean distance between the GPS track point vp(ValidN(s).last and the forward endpoint n(u) of the connecting line u
  • LOCcost (n(u)).last) represents the last element of the locally truncated cost set of the forward endpoint n(u) of the connection line u;
  • Euc(vp(ValidN(n(u)).last+1) represents the Euclidean distance Euc of the GPS track point vp(ValidN(s).last and n(u), LOCcost(n(u)).last Represents the last element of the locally truncated cost set between the forward endpoint n(u)) of the connecting line u and the forward endpoint n(u) of the connecting line u;
  • step S20430 Determine whether the forward end point n(u) of the connection line u corresponds to the last element ValidN(n(u)).last of the track label set is greater than the current farthest matching node Pnow, if so, go to step S20431, otherwise, connect The forward endpoint n(u) of the line u corresponds to the last element of the track label set ValidN(n(u)).last is less than the current farthest matching node Pnow, and goes to step S20432;
  • step S3 includes the following steps:
  • step S304 Determine whether the start node Startp is greater than the end node Endp, if so, all the current travel GPS track points are matched, and output the matching result statistics table, and enter step S4, otherwise, the start node Startp is smaller than the end node Endp, and Go to step S4.
  • step S301 includes the following steps:
  • step S3013 check whether there is the last element SPvia(s).last of the forward search endpoint s path connecting line set near the current farthest matching node Pnow, if so, find the local optimal end point, and go to step S3015, otherwise, go to step S3015 S3014;
  • the path connecting line set SPvia(s), the corresponding track label set ValidN(s), and the local track increment set are respectively Remove the last element from Padd(s), the path physical cost set SPcost(s) and the GPS track point weighted cost set PWcost(s), and set the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN equal to the last element of the forward search endpoint s path connecting line set end point SPvia(s).last.tail, and return to step S3012; or
  • SPcost(CrtN) represents the path physical cost set of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN
  • PWcost(CrtN) represents the GPS track point weighted cost set of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN
  • Euc(vp(Pnow),CrtN) represents the GPS track point vp( Pnow) and the Euclidean distance of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN.
  • step S302 includes the following steps:
  • BackCk is equal to the number of elements SPvia(BestEndN).size of the endpoint BestEndN path connecting line set, establishes a backtracking iteration, and judges whether the backtracking indicator variable BackCk of the backtracking iteration is equal to 1, if so, go to step S3022, otherwise, the backtracking indicator variable of the backtracking iteration is determined. BackCk is greater than 1, and enter step S3023;
  • step S3022 check whether it has been traced back to the starting point of the road network path, if so, terminate the iteration directly, and go to step S3023, otherwise, return to step S3021;
  • the matching result variable Match(k) is greater than -1, if the last element SPvia(CrtEndN).last of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN path connecting line set is in the adjacent connecting line set NearL(k), and the trajectory point vp(k) The matching weight vp(k).Weight(SPvia(CrtEndN).last) corresponding to the connecting line is less than the best matching weight MatchW(k), then the matching result variable Match(k) is the last end of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN path connecting line set An element SPvia(CrtEndN).last, the best matching weight MatchW(k) is the matching weight vp(k).Weight(Match(k)) of the matching connecting line of node k, if the path traces back to the end of the endpoint CrtEndN path connecting line set When an element SPvia(CrtEndN).last is not in the adjacent connection set NearL(k), and the path backtracking endpoint CrtEn
  • step S3025 let k be k-1, and continue the cycle, if it is judged whether the cycle is over, if yes, then go to step S3026, otherwise, return to step S3024;
  • the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN corresponds to the t-th element ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t) of the track label set is greater than or equal to the current backtracking GPS trackpoint CrtP, then establish the reverse sequence from the current backtracking GPS trackpoint CrtP to the previous starting node Lastp Loop k, when the matching result variable Match(k) is equal to -1, and the t-th element SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t) of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN path connecting line set is in the adjacent connecting line set NearL(k), Then the updated matching result variable Match(k) is equal to the t-th element SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t) of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN path connecting line set, and the best matching weight MatchW(k) is equal to the matching weight of the matching connecting line of node k vp(k).Weight(Match(k)); when the matching result variable Match(k)
  • step S3028 let k be k-1, continue the cycle, and determine whether the cycle ends, if so, go to step S3029, otherwise, return to step S3027;
  • the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN corresponds to the t-th element ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t) of the track label set is greater than or equal to the current backtracking GPS trackpoint CrtP, then establish the reverse sequence from the current backtracking GPS trackpoint CrtP to the previous starting node Lastp Loop k, when the matching result variable Match(k) is equal to -1, if the t-th element SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t) of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN path connecting line set is in the adjacent connecting line set NearL(k), Then make the update matching result variable Match(k) equal to the t-th element SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t) of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN path connecting line set, and the best matching weight MatchW(k) is equal to the matching of the matching connecting line of node k Weight vp(k).Weight(Match(k));
  • the matching result variable Match(k) is greater than -1, if the t-th element SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t) of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN path connecting line set is in the adjacent connecting line set NearL(k), and if vp (k).Weight(SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)) is less than the best matching weight MatchW(k), then make the matching result variable Match(k) equal to the t-th element SPvia of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN path connecting line set (CrtEndN).at(t), the best matching weight MatchW(k) is equal to the matching weight vp(k).Weight(Match(k)) of the matching connection line of node k, if the path traces back to the endpoint CrtEndN path connection line set The t elements SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t) are not in the adjacent connection set NearL(k), and if the path backtracking endpoint
  • step S30211 set k to be k-1, and continue the cycle to determine whether the cycle is over, if so, go to step S30212, otherwise, return to step S30210;
  • step S30214 determine whether the iteration is over, if so, go back to step S3023, otherwise, go to step S30215;
  • step S30215 continue to iterate, and determine whether the backtracking indicator variable BackCk is equal to 1, if so, return to step S3023, otherwise, enter step S30216;
  • step S30216 Determine whether the backtracking indicator variable BackCk is greater than 1, and if so, return to step S3023, otherwise, check whether the backtracking indicator variable BackCk is equal to 0, and the iteration ends, thereby realizing backtracking with the optimal matching tail node BestEndN as the tail node to complete the matching of the current trajectory segment process, and enter step S303.
  • step S4 includes the following steps:
  • step S401 determine whether there is an interruption point caused by the map matching work cycle in the middle of the matching, if so, then enter step S402, otherwise, complete the matching of the fast vehicle-mounted GPS track accurate map;
  • the present invention innovatively proposes a map matching path search algorithm with GPS track points as space weighting, that is, the traditional "GPS track point oriented path search logic" is replaced by "path search oriented GPS track point matching logic” ”, which avoids the complicated and inefficient map data calling process in the traditional matching logic, and greatly improves the efficiency of map matching.
  • the GPS sampling interval is 2 seconds
  • the The method can improve the matching speed by the order of 4 times the power of 10.
  • the matching speed of this method is also in the order of 2 times the power of 10, and when the sampling interval is less than 20 seconds, it is different from other methods.
  • the map matching algorithm it has the best matching accuracy.
  • the present invention only needs GPS track point coordinates and time stamp information, and does not rely on other data, thereby effectively avoiding local matching errors that are easily generated in the matching process under complex road network conditions.
  • the present invention can not only effectively control the non-diffusion of matching errors, but also significantly improve the matching efficiency of the corresponding path search algorithm, and can be widely used in the fields of vehicle navigation, mobile location application services, ubiquitous computing and urban traffic system analysis, planning and management.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of experimental data in this embodiment.
  • false means no
  • true means yes
  • the present invention provides a kind of fast vehicle-mounted GPS track accurate map matching method, and its realization method is as follows:
  • step S104 determine whether the linear speed of the current GPS track point p(i) to p(i+1) is greater than 300km/h, if so, remove the current GPS track point p(i), and transfer to the next GPS track point p (i+1), and repeat step S104, otherwise, go to step S105; or
  • step S105 Determine whether the interval between the current GPS track point p(i) and p(i+1) is less than or equal to 0, if so, remove the current GPS track point p(i), and transfer to the next GPS track point p(i+ 1), and repeat step S104, otherwise, enter step S105;
  • step S203 determine whether the start node Startp is less than or equal to the end node Endp, if so, go to step S204, otherwise, check whether the start node Startp is greater than the end node Endp, complete all matching of the GPS trajectory, and obtain the first point vp (1) to The best map matching path of the end point vp(k), and enter step S3;
  • step S204 utilize the shortest path search algorithm guided by GPS track points to search the shortest path from the start node Startp to the end node Endp, and judge whether the iterative process of the shortest path search ends, if so, obtain an alternative path, and enter step S3, Otherwise, step S204 is repeated until the shortest path search iteration is completed, and the implementation method is as follows:
  • step S2043. Determine whether each connection line satisfies the departure condition, and if so, include the corresponding endpoint of each connection line into the search open node set OpenL, and update the corresponding search forward reference variable set OpenValueL and the modified road network node set NList respectively And update the search attribute set Search(s) of each connection line corresponding to the forward search endpoint s, and when the loop ends, the search open node set OpenL is not an empty set, and enter step S2044; otherwise, for the start node Startp selects the connecting line with the largest adjacent matching value as the matching result of the point, and updates the start node Startp to be equal to the start node Startp+1, and returns to step S202, wherein the endpoint search attribute set Search(s) includes the endpoint departure cutoff Cost Set StartCut(s), Path Physical Cost Set SPcost(s), Local Cutoff Cost Set LOCcost(s), GPS Track Point Weighted Cost Set PWcost(s), Corresponding Track Label Set ValidN(s), Local Track Increment Set
  • step S2044 Establish an iteration for each road network search forward search endpoint s in the search open node set OpenL, and determine whether the necessary condition for the end of the iteration is that the search open node set OpenL is an empty set, and if so, obtain an alternative path, and go to step S3, otherwise, go to step S2045;
  • step S2045 select the first forward search endpoint s in the search open node set OpenL to carry out the search, obtain the corresponding search forward reference variable OpenValueL value OpenValueL.begin of the corresponding trajectory label ValidN(s) and the forward search endpoint s respectively, and judge Whether the corresponding trajectory label ValidN(s) is greater than the start node Startp-1, if so, remove the forward search endpoint from the search open node set OpenL and the first corresponding search forward reference variable set OpenValueL corresponding to the forward search endpoint s s and its corresponding forward variable HeadDist, and enter step S2046, otherwise, enter step S2048;
  • step S2047 determine whether the value OpenValueL(s) of the corresponding search advance reference variable of the forward search endpoint s is greater than 2* the forward judgment distance Jdist, and the forward judgment distance Jdist is greater than 200 meters, if so, return to step S2045, otherwise, enter step S2048 ;or
  • step S2048 Determine whether the value OpenValueL(s) of the corresponding search forward reference variable of the forward search endpoint s is greater than 400 meters and the forward judgment distance Jdist is less than or equal to 200 meters, if so, return to step S2045, otherwise, enter step S2048;
  • step S2049 determine whether the moving direction included angle MoveAng(u) is greater than or equal to 100 degrees, if so, jump to the next connecting line u in the forward connecting line set ForwardL, and return to step S2048, otherwise, press the connecting line u to move
  • the direction angle MoveAng(u) is inserted into the extended connection set NextL in order from small to large, and enters step S20410 after the loop ends;
  • the matched GPS track point serial number Sernow be the matched GPS track point serial number Sernow+1, search for the connection line u in the adjacent connection set NearL (Sernow) of the GPS track point vp (Sernow), and determine whether the connection line u is not in GPS trajectory point vp(Sernow) is in the adjacent connection set NearL(Sernow), if yes, then go to step S20413, otherwise, the connection line u is in the adjacent connection set NearL(Sernow) of GPS trajectory point vp(Sernow), and go to step S20413 S20414; or
  • step S20413 determine whether the local incremental matching point AddN is equal to 0, if so, then enter step S20415, otherwise, then the local incremental matching point AddN is greater than 0, and enter step S20416;
  • PWac represents the weighted variable of the local GPS track point, vp(Sernow).Weight(u) represents the GPS track point vp;
  • step S20415 When the forward search endpoint s is greater than the start node Startp, determine whether the corresponding trajectory label set ValidN(n(u)) set of the forward endpoint n(u) of the connection line u is an empty set, and if so, enter step S20416 , otherwise, go to step S20417;
  • connection line u is inserted at the end of the path connection line set SPvia(n(u)) of n(u), and the element is inserted at the end of the local trajectory increment set Padd(n(u)) of the forward end point n(u) of the connection line u 0
  • insert an element at the end of the path physical cost set SPcost(n(u)) at the forward end point n(u) of the connection line u and insert an element at the end of the GPS track point weighted cost set PWcost at the forward end point n(u) of the connection line u
  • LOCcost(s).last represents the last element of the local truncation cost set of the forward search endpoint s
  • Length(u) represents the length of the connecting line u
  • step S20417 Determine whether the forward end point n(u) of the connecting line u corresponds to the last element ValidN(n(u)).last of the track label set corresponding to the forward search endpoint s is equal to the last element ValidN(s) of the track label set corresponding to the forward search endpoint s .last, if yes, then enter step S20418, otherwise, the forward end point n(u) of the connection line u corresponds to the last element ValidN(n(u) of the track label set). Last is less than the forward search endpoint s corresponding to the track label set The last element of ValidN(s).last, and enter step S20419;
  • Cost1 SPcost(s).last+Length(u)+PWcost(s).last
  • SPcost(s).last represents the last element of the physical cost set of the forward search endpoint s path
  • Length(u) represents the length of the connecting line u
  • PWcost(s).last represents the GPS trajectory of the forward search endpoint s the last element of the point-weighted cost set
  • Cost2 SPcost(n(u)).last+PWcost(n(u)).last
  • SPcost(n(u)).last represents the last element of the path physical cost set of the forward endpoint n(u) of the connection line u
  • PWcost(n(u)).last represents the forward endpoint n of the connection line u (u) The last element of the weighted cost set of GPS track points;
  • LOCcost(s).last indicates that the forward search endpoint s locally truncates the last element of the cost set, and Length(u) indicates the length of the connecting line u;
  • SPcost(s).last represents the last element of the physical cost set of the forward search endpoint s path
  • Length(u) represents the length of the connection line u
  • LOCcost(s).last represents the last element of the local truncation cost set of the forward search endpoint s
  • Length(u) represents the length of the connecting line u
  • ValidN(s).last represents the last element of the trajectory label set corresponding to the forward search endpoint s
  • AddN represents the number of local incremental matching points
  • Length(u) represents the length of the connecting line u
  • StartCut(s).last represents the forward search endpoint s to truncate the last element of the cost set
  • step S20422 Determine whether the forward end point n(u) of the connecting line u corresponds to the last element ValidN(n(u)).last of the track label set corresponding to the forward search endpoint s is equal to the last element ValidN(s) of the track label set corresponding to the forward search endpoint s .last, if yes, then enter step S20423, otherwise, the forward endpoint n(u) of the connecting line u corresponds to the last element ValidN(n(u) of the track label set). Last is less than the current matching GPS track point progress Mnow, and Enter step S20424;
  • Cost1 SPcost(s).last+Length(u)+PWcost(s).last+StartCut(s).last
  • SPcost(s).last represents the last element of the physical cost set of the forward search endpoint s path
  • Length(u) represents the length of the connecting line u
  • PWcost(s).last represents the GPS trajectory of the forward search endpoint s
  • the last element of the point weighted cost set, StartCut(s).last represents the local GPS track point weighted variable PWac-forward search endpoint s starting from the truncation cost set last element;
  • Cost2 SPcost(n(u)).last+PWcost(n(u)).last
  • SPcost(n(u)).las represents the last element of the path physical cost set of the forward endpoint n(u) of the connection line u
  • PWcost(n(u)).last represents the forward endpoint n of the connection line u (u) The last element of the weighted cost set of GPS track points;
  • SPcost(s).last represents the last element of the physical cost set of the forward search endpoint s path
  • Length(u) represents the length of the connecting line u
  • StartCut(s).last represents the starting cutoff cost of the forward search endpoint s Set the last element
  • PWcost(s).last represents the last element of the GPS track point weighted cost set of the forward search endpoint s
  • PWac represents the local GPS track point weighted variable
  • the current matching GPS track point progress Mnow is inserted at the end of the corresponding trajectory label set ValidN(n(u)) of the forward endpoint n(u), and the path physical cost set SPcost(n() of the forward endpoint n(u) of the connecting line u u)) Insert the last element SPcost(s).last and the local search cost Costnow of the forward search endpoint s path physical cost set at the end, and the GPS trajectory point weighted cost set PWcost at the forward endpoint n(u) of the connecting line u (n(u)) insert the last element PWcost(s).last of the GPS track point weighted cost set of the forward search endpoint s and the local GPS track point weighted variable PWac at the end, and enter step S20428; wherein, the local search
  • cost Costnow is as follows:
  • Length(u) represents the length of the connecting line u
  • StartCut(s).last represents the forward search endpoint s to truncate the last element of the cost set
  • n(u) represents the Euclidean distance between the GPS track point vp(ValidN(s).last and the forward endpoint n(u) of the connecting line u
  • LOCcost (n(u)).last) represents the last element of the locally truncated cost set of the forward endpoint n(u) of the connection line u;
  • Euc(vp(ValidN(n(u)).last+1) represents the Euclidean distance Euc of the GPS track point vp(ValidN(s).last and n(u), LOCcost(n(u)).last Represents the last element of the locally truncated cost set between the forward endpoint n(u)) of the connecting line u and the forward endpoint n(u) of the connecting line u;
  • step S20430 Determine whether the forward end point n(u) of the connection line u corresponds to the last element ValidN(n(u)).last of the track label set is greater than the current farthest matching node Pnow, if so, go to step S20431, otherwise, connect The forward endpoint n(u) of the line u corresponds to the last element of the track label set ValidN(n(u)).last is less than the current farthest matching node Pnow, and goes to step S20432;
  • step S3013 check whether there is the last element SPvia(s).last of the forward search endpoint s path connecting line set near the current farthest matching node Pnow, if so, find the local optimal end point, and go to step S3015, otherwise, go to step S3015 S3014;
  • the path connecting line set SPvia(s), the corresponding track label set ValidN(s), and the local track increment set are respectively Remove the last element from Padd(s), the path physical cost set SPcost(s) and the GPS track point weighted cost set PWcost(s), and set the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN equal to the last element of the forward search endpoint s path connecting line set end point SPvia(s).last.tail, and return to step S3012; or
  • SPcost(CrtN) represents the path physical cost set of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN
  • PWcost(CrtN) represents the GPS track point weighted cost set of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN
  • Euc(vp(Pnow),CrtN) represents the GPS track point vp( Pnow) and the Euclidean distance of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN;
  • BackCk is equal to the number of elements SPvia(BestEndN).size of the endpoint BestEndN path connecting line set, establishes a backtracking iteration, and judges whether the backtracking indicator variable BackCk of the backtracking iteration is equal to 1, if so, go to step S3022, otherwise, the backtracking indicator variable of the backtracking iteration is determined. BackCk is greater than 1, and enter step S3023;
  • step S3022 check whether it has been traced back to the starting point of the road network path, if so, terminate the iteration directly, and go to step S3023, otherwise, return to step S3021;
  • the matching result variable Match(k) is greater than -1, if the last element SPvia(CrtEndN).last of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN path connecting line set is in the adjacent connecting line set NearL(k), and the trajectory point vp(k) The matching weight vp(k).Weight(SPvia(CrtEndN).last) corresponding to the connecting line is less than the best matching weight MatchW(k), then the matching result variable Match(k) is the last end of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN path connecting line set An element SPvia(CrtEndN).last, the best matching weight MatchW(k) is the matching weight vp(k).Weight(Match(k)) of the matching connecting line of node k, if the path traces back to the end of the endpoint CrtEndN path connecting line set When an element SPvia(CrtEndN).last is not in the adjacent connection set NearL(k), and the path backtracking endpoint CrtEn
  • step S3025 let k be k-1, and continue the cycle, if it is judged whether the cycle is over, if yes, then go to step S3026, otherwise, return to step S3024;
  • the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN corresponds to the t-th element ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t) of the track label set is greater than or equal to the current backtracking GPS trackpoint CrtP, then establish the reverse sequence from the current backtracking GPS trackpoint CrtP to the previous starting node Lastp Loop k, when the matching result variable Match(k) is equal to -1, and the t-th element SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t) of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN path connecting line set is in the adjacent connecting line set NearL(k), Then the updated matching result variable Match(k) is equal to the t-th element SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t) of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN path connecting line set, and the best matching weight MatchW(k) is equal to the matching weight of the matching connecting line of node k vp(k).Weight(Match(k)); When the matching result variable Match(k)
  • step S3028 let k be k-1, continue the cycle, and determine whether the cycle ends, if so, go to step S3029, otherwise, return to step S3027;
  • the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN corresponds to the t-th element ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t) of the track label set is greater than or equal to the current backtracking GPS trackpoint CrtP, then establish the reverse sequence from the current backtracking GPS trackpoint CrtP to the previous starting node Lastp Loop k, when the matching result variable Match(k) is equal to -1, if the t-th element SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t) of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN path connecting line set is in the adjacent connecting line set NearL(k), Then make the update matching result variable Match(k) equal to the t-th element SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t) of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN path connecting line set, and the best matching weight MatchW(k) is equal to the matching of the matching connecting line of node k Weight vp(k).Weight(Match(k));
  • the matching result variable Match(k) is greater than -1, if the t-th element SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t) of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN path connecting line set is in the adjacent connecting line set NearL(k), and if vp (k).Weight(SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)) is less than the best matching weight MatchW(k), then make the matching result variable Match(k) equal to the t-th element SPvia of the path backtracking endpoint CrtEndN path connecting line set (CrtEndN).at(t), the best matching weight MatchW(k) is equal to the matching weight vp(k).Weight(Match(k)) of the matching connection line of node k, if the path traces back to the endpoint CrtEndN path connection line set The t elements SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t) are not in the adjacent connection set NearL(k), and if the path backtracking endpoint
  • step S30211 set k to be k-1, and continue the cycle to determine whether the cycle is over, if so, go to step S30212, otherwise, return to step S30210;
  • step S30214 determine whether the iteration is over, if so, go back to step S3023, otherwise, go to step S30215;
  • step S30215 continue to iterate, and determine whether the backtracking indicator variable BackCk is equal to 1, if so, return to step S3023, otherwise, enter step S30216;
  • step S30216 Determine whether the backtracking indicator variable BackCk is greater than 1, and if so, return to step S3023; otherwise, check whether the backtracking indicator variable BackCk is equal to 0, and the iteration ends, thereby realizing backtracking with the optimal matching tail node BestEndN as the tail node to complete the matching of the current trajectory segment process, and enter step S303;
  • step S304 Determine whether the start node Startp is greater than the end node Endp, if so, all the current travel GPS track points are matched, and output the matching result statistics table, and enter step S4, otherwise, the start node Startp is smaller than the end node Endp, and Enter step S4;
  • step S4 determine whether there is an interruption point caused by the map matching work cycle in the middle of the matching, if so, output the matching result from the first point vp(1) to the interruption point vp(s), and return to step S2 , otherwise, complete the matching of the precise map of the fast vehicle GPS track, and the implementation method is as follows:
  • step S401 determine whether there is an interruption point caused by the map matching work cycle in the middle of the matching, if so, then enter step S402, otherwise, complete the matching of the fast vehicle-mounted GPS track accurate map;
  • the GPS trajectory data (234 kilometers, 26 trajectories, 10445 trajectory points) collected manually by using "GPSkit” in Xi'an on January 11, 2020 is used for matching verification, as shown in Figure 2, which is Experimental data distribution map.
  • the other 6 kinds of comparative trajectory matching methods include, 4 kinds of step-by-step matching algorithms: STM, matching algorithm based on space-time analysis; HMM, hidden Markov matching algorithm; MDP, multi-criteria dynamic programming matching algorithm; LBMM, a matching algorithm based on trajectory local features; two segmented matching algorithms: SMRI, a segmented matching algorithm based on MRI systems; SRF, a segmented matching algorithm based on trajectory features, as shown in Tables 1 and 2.
  • Table 1 is the matching accuracy comparison table
  • Table 2 is the matching speed comparison table, in which the accuracy calculation method is the ratio of the number of correct matching points to the total number of trajectory points; the speed calculation method is the matching time required for each thousand trajectory points (seconds) The base 10 logarithmic value.
  • the present invention is based on the matching algorithm of the logic of "path search-track point space weighting", and the algorithm realizes that the traditional "path search logic guided by path search” is replaced by "path search oriented path point matching logic", It avoids the complicated and inefficient map data calling process in the traditional matching logic, and greatly improves the efficiency of map matching.
  • this method can improve the matching speed by the order of 4 times the power of 10.
  • the matching speed is also in the order of the power of 10, and when the sampling interval is less than 20 seconds, it has the best matching accuracy compared with other map matching algorithms. It can be widely used in vehicle navigation, mobile location application services, ubiquitous computing and urban traffic system analysis, planning and management.

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Abstract

提供了一种快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图匹配的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:得到有效GPS轨迹点列表(S1);得到首点至末点的最佳地图匹配路径(S2);由末点回溯最佳地图匹配路径,并汇总输出匹配结果统计表(S3);输出首点至中断点的匹配结果,并从中断点到末点执行匹配任务,直至完成全部车载GPS轨迹点的匹配(S4)。该方法提出了以GPS轨迹点作为空间加权的地图匹配路径搜索算法,实现了以"路径搜索导向的GPS轨迹点匹配逻辑"替代了传统的"GPS轨迹点导向的路径搜索逻辑",避免了传统匹配逻辑中繁复低效的地图数据调用过程,极大提升了地图匹配工作效率,解决了现有的GPS轨迹匹配方法中匹配精度及效率难以兼顾的问题。

Description

一种快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图匹配的方法 技术领域
本发明属于交通技术领域,尤其涉及一种快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图匹配的方法。
背景技术
城市交通网络系统是个复杂的巨系统,每时每刻都有数以万计的交通流在其网络结构上运行及转移,如何全面准确对相关交通时空数据进行采集,分析预测各类城市时空叙事下的交通发生,进而为系统分析把握城市交通网络运行规律、拥堵发生演变机理、完善大规模城市交通需求组成结构、优化相关交通网络系统供给等交通系统分析难题提供强有力的数据及理论支撑,是近年来交通系统智能分析领域的主要议题之一。
其中车载GPS数据作为快速易得的交通信息数据源之一,具有覆盖范围广、时间连续性强、与交通网络直接相关等数据优势,近年来已为各类交通大数据系统分析项目广泛采用,通过将实时车载GPS轨迹信息映射至交通网络,通过分析挖掘相关出行轨迹信息,相关统计结果既可有效覆盖城市大范围时空下的交通系统信息,也能在需要时较精确刻画区域交通运行状态。而系统分析的第一步即是基于车载GPS将车辆行驶轨迹与路网结构进行准确映射,称为“Map Matching轨迹匹配”,相关算法即为轨迹匹配算法,一般分为四类:几何、拓扑、概率、高级等。
快速准确刻画“车辆行驶轨迹与道路网络的匹配关系”对车载导航、基于位置的服务、交通网络系统分析等工作的重要性不言而喻,然而纵观现有各类匹配算法,算法逻辑仍存在一些技术性缺点。对于传统步进式匹配算法,如HMM,隐式马尔科夫匹配算法;MDP,多准则动态规划匹配算法;LBMM,基于轨迹局部特征的匹配算法,存在缺点包括:1)步进式匹配过程速度慢,由于该匹配过程需逐点展开路径分析,较分段式匹配显著较慢,从而极大限制了地图匹配算法的应用效果,如车载导航及基于位置的服务中地图路径卡顿现象、以及基于离线地图匹配在传统交通规划及系统分析应用领域尚无有效应用案例等。2)总体匹配比例较低,各类匹配算法匹配里程总体一般不到90%,产生原因包括路网拓扑中存在误差、GPS轨迹点采样误差等;3)匹配精度与比例难以兼顾,若采用路径搜索等算法精确匹配,往往由于网络拓扑原因导致总体匹配比例较低,有时甚至低于50%,而若采用行驶方向对行驶轨迹进行估计,则又易产生局部匹配误差;4)算法缺乏有效逻辑控制,局部匹配误差不可控,尤其在交通网络结构复杂的区域,如多条干路辅路并行路段、交叉口区域,匹配误差难以避免;5)对异常GPS轨迹点缺乏有效处理,如设备故障导致的GPS轨迹点异常等,有时可能严重影响匹配质量。
对于最新的分段式匹配算法,也有一些先天缺陷,包括:已有高级分段匹配算法依赖地 图编码信息,实施难度大,局限了方法在不同数据平台的应用,尤其是计算能力较小的平台;以及分段过程受地图质量干扰较大,匹配精度相对有一定下降,可能产生导致一定的应用失效。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的上述不足,本发明提供的一种快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图匹配的方法,解决了现有技术GPS轨迹匹配方法中匹配精度及效率难以兼顾的问题。
为了达到以上目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
本方案提供一种快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图匹配的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、获取任一车辆的GPS经过的若干个GPS轨迹点,并对所述若干个GPS轨迹点进行初始化操作,得到有效GPS轨迹点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)};
S2、在所述有效GPS轨迹点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)}中,以首点vp(1)至末点vp(k)建立地图匹配工作循环,并根据所述地图匹配工作循环,利用以GPS轨迹点导向的最短路径搜索算法得到首点vp(1)至末点vp(k)的最佳地图匹配路径;
S3、由末点vp(k)回溯所述最佳地图匹配路径,遍历获取沿途各GPS轨迹点的最佳匹配结果,并汇总输出匹配结果统计表;
S4、根据所述匹配结果统计表,判断匹配中途是否存在由地图匹配工作循环引起的中断点,若是,则输出首点vp(1)至中断点vp(s)的匹配结果,并返回步骤S2,否则,完成快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图的匹配。
进一步地,所述步骤S1包括以下步骤:
S101、获取任一车辆的GPS经过的若干个GPS轨迹点;
S102、将所述若干个GPS轨迹点分离为分段集合Trip(a)={T1,T2,…,Ta,…,Tn},其中,Ta表示一个分段,且所述Ta分段内包括多个GPS轨迹点,Tn表示总分段数;
S103、从分段Ta内的多个GPS轨迹点{p(1),p(2),…,p(i),…,p(n)}中任选一个GPS轨迹点p(i)作为当前GPS轨迹点,其中,p(n)表示总的GPS轨迹点;
S104、判断所述当前GPS轨迹点p(i)至p(i+1)的直线速度是否大于300km/h,若是,则剔除当前GPS轨迹点p(i),转入下一个GPS轨迹点p(i+1),并重复步骤S104,否则,进入步骤S105;或
判断所述当前GPS轨迹点p(i)与p(i+1)的间隔时间是否小于等于0,若是,则剔除当前GPS轨迹点p(i),转入下一个GPS轨迹点p(i+1),并重复步骤S104,否则,进入步骤S105;
S105、设当前GPS轨迹点的上一累计行驶距离变量为p(i).lastD;
S106、判断所述p(i).lastD是否小于20米,若是,则计算得到GPS轨迹点p(i-1)至p(i)的距离,并剔除GPS轨迹点p(i),并进入步骤S107,否则,所述p(i).lastD大于20米,并将当前GPS轨迹点p(i)=vp(l)纳入所述有效节点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)},并进入步骤S107;
S107、判断分段Ta内是否所有的GPS轨迹点均被作为当前GPS轨迹点,若是,则建立有效GPS轨迹点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)},并获取所述GPS轨迹点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)}中各GPS轨迹点k在地图数据中的待匹配邻近连接线集合NearL(k),并初始化匹配结果变量Match(k)=-1,最佳匹配权重MatchW(k)=10000,完成有效GPS轨迹点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)}的建立,并进入步骤S2,否则,返回步骤S101。
再进一步地,所述步骤S2包括以下步骤:
S201、在所述有效GPS轨迹点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)}中,以首点vp(1)至末点vp(k)建立地图匹配工作循环;
S202、根据所述地图匹配工作循环,设有效GPS列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)}的起始节点为Startp,终止节点为Endp;
S203、判断所述起始节点Startp是否小于等于终止节点Endp,若是,则进入步骤S204,否则,起始节点Startp是否大于终止节点Endp,完成GPS轨迹的全部匹配,得到首点vp(1)至末点vp(k)的最佳地图匹配路径,并进入步骤S3;
S204、利用以GPS轨迹点导向的最短路径搜索算法搜索起始节点Startp至终止节点Endp的最短路径,并判断最短路径搜索的迭代过程是否结束,若是,则获取备选路径,并进入步骤S3,否则,重复步骤S204,直至最短路径搜索迭代完成。
再进一步地,所述步骤S204包括以下步骤:
S2041、对所述起始节点Startp进行匹配变量初始化处理,所述匹配变量包括上一起始节点Lastp等于起始节点Startp、当前最远匹配节点Pnow、已修改路网节点集NList、搜索打开节点集OpenL、对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL、搜索结束路网节点集CloseL以及起点邻近路网连接线集NearL(Startp);
S2042、对所述起点邻近路网连接线集NearL(Startp)中各连接线建立地图匹配工作循环;
S2043、判断各连接线是否满足出发条件,若是,则将各连接线的对应端点纳入所述搜索打开节点集OpenL,并分别更新所述对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL、已修改路网节点集NList以及更新各连接线对应前向搜索端点s的搜索属性集Search(s),且当循环结束时, 所述搜索打开节点集OpenL不为空集,进入步骤S2044;否则,对所述起始节点Startp选取邻近匹配路径回溯路径回溯端点CrtEndN骤S202,其中,所述端点搜索属性集Search(s)包括端点出发截断成本集StartCut(s)、路径物理成本集SPcost(s)、局部截断成本集LOCcost(s)、GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(s)、对应轨迹标号集ValidN(s)、局部轨迹增量集Padd(s)以及途径连接线集SPvia(s);
S2044、对所述搜索打开节点集OpenL中各路网搜索前向搜索端点s建立迭代,并判断所述迭代的结束要条件是否为搜索打开节点集OpenL已为空集,若是,则获取备选路径,并进入步骤S3,否则,进入步骤S2045;
S2045、选取所述搜索打开节点集OpenL中首个前向搜索端点s开展搜索,分别获取对应轨迹标号ValidN(s)以及前向搜索端点s的对应搜索前进参考变量OpenValueL值OpenValueL.begin,并判断所述对应轨迹标号ValidN(s)是否大于起始节点Startp-1,若是,则从搜索打开节点集OpenL以及对应前向搜索端点s的首个对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL中剔除前向搜索端点s及其对应的前进变量HeadDist,并进入步骤S2046,否则,进入步骤S2048;
S2046、若所述对应轨迹标号ValidN(s)小于终止节点Endp,且所述对应轨迹标号ValidN(s)小于当前最远匹配节点Pnow,则计算得到前进判断距离Jdist,并进入步骤S2047;或
若所述对应轨迹标号ValidN(s)小于终止节点Endp,且所述局部轨迹增量Padd(s)=0,则计算得到前进判断距离Jdis,并进入步骤S2047;
S2047、判断前向搜索端点s的对应搜索前进参考变量的值OpenValueL(s)是否大于2*前进判断距离Jdist,且前进判断距离Jdist大于200米,若是,则返回步骤S2045,否则,进入步骤S2048;或
判断所述前向搜索端点s的对应搜索前进参考变量的值OpenValueL(s)是否大于400米且前进判断距离Jdist小于等于200米,若是,则返回步骤S2045,否则,进入步骤S2048;
S2048、对当前搜索前向搜索端点s各前向连接线集合ForwardL建立循环,并提取所述前向连接线u及下一路网节点n(u),当途径连接线集SPvia(s)不为空集时,若前向搜索端点s途径连接线集SPvia(s)的最后一个元素SPvia(s).last等于连接线u时,跳至前向连接线集合ForwardL下一连接线,并继续计算连接线u与GPS轨迹点vp(ValidN(s))运动方向夹角MoveAng(u);
S2049、判断所述运动方向夹角MoveAng(u)是否大于等于100度,若是,则跳至前向连接线集合ForwardL中下一连接线u,并返回步骤S2048,否则,将连接线u按运动方向夹角MoveAng(u)从小到大顺序插入拓展连线集NextL,并在循环结束后进入步骤S20410;
S20410、对拓展连线集NextL中元素建立前向搜索循环,提取前向连接线u及下一路网节点n(u),并初始化局部GPS轨迹点加权变量PWac=0、已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow=对应轨迹标号ValidN(s)、局部增量匹配点数AddN=0以及掉头指示变量TurnIndi=false;
S20411、当已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow小于终止节点Endp时,初始化迭代指示变量Indi=true,并建立前向轨迹匹配增益,判断迭代结束条件是否为迭代指示变量Indi=false,若是,则进入步骤S20412,否则,进入步骤S20415;
S20412、令已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow为已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow+1,在GPS轨迹点vp(Sernow)邻近连线集NearL(Sernow)中搜索连接线u,并判断连接线u是否不在GPS轨迹点vp(Sernow)邻近连线集NearL(Sernow)中,若是,则进入步骤S20413,否则,连接线u在GPS轨迹点vp(Sernow)邻近连线集NearL(Sernow)中,并进入步骤S20414;或
令已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow为已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow+1,在GPS轨迹点vp(Sernow)邻近连线集NearL(Sernow)中搜索连接线u,并判断已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow等于终止节点Endp时,迭代结束条件是否为迭代指示变量Indi=false,若是,则进入步骤S20413,否则,连接线u在GPS轨迹点vp(Sernow)邻近连线集NearL(Sernow)中,并进入步骤S20414;
S20413、判断局部增量匹配点数AddN是否等于0,若是,则进入步骤S20415,否则,则局部增量匹配点数AddN大于0,并进入步骤S20416;
S20414、分别令局部增量匹配点数AddN为局部增量匹配点数AddN+1,以及计算得到局部GPS轨迹点加权变量PWac,且若GPS轨迹点存在掉头,则掉头指示变量TurnIndi=true,迭代指示变量Indi=false;当局部增量匹配点数AddN=0,则进入步骤S20415;并判断局部增量匹配点数AddND是否大于0,若是,则进入步骤S24021,否则,返回步骤S20412;其中,所述局部GPS轨迹点加权变量PWac的表达式如下:
PWac=PWac+(Sernow).Weight(u)
式中,PWac表示局部GPS轨迹点加权变量,vp(Sernow).Weight(u)表示GPS轨迹点vp;
S20415、当前向搜索端点s大于起始节点Startp时,判断连接线u的前向端点n(u)的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(n(u))集合是否为空集,若是,则进入步骤S20416,否则,进入步骤S20417;
S20416、计算得到局部搜索成本Costnow,并在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部截断成本集LOCcost(n(u))末尾插入元素局部搜索成本Costnow,在连接线u的前向端点n(u) 的途径连接线集SPvia(n(u))末尾插入连接线u,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部轨迹增量集Padd(n(u))末尾插入元素0,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的路径物理成本集SPcost(n(u))末尾插入元素,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(n(u))末尾插入元素,在已修改路网节点集NList末尾插入n(u),并进入步骤S20419,其中,所述局部搜索成本Costnow的表达式如下:
Costnow=LOCcost(s).last+Length(u)
式中,LOCcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s局部截断成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度;
S20417、判断连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last是否等于前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last,若是,则进入步骤S20418,否则,连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last小于前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last,并进入步骤S20419;
S20418、根据连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last计算得到匹配路径成本Cost1,以及根据计算得到连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last,若匹配路径成本Cost1小于匹配路径成本Cost2,则计算得到连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部截断成本集的最后一个元素LOCcost(n(u)).last,并令连接线u的前向端点n(u)途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(n(u)).last等于连接线u,令连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部轨迹增量集的最后一个元素Padd(n(u)).last=0,以及计算得到连接线u的前向端点n(u)路径物理成本集最后一个元素SPcost(n(u)).last以及令连接线u的前向端点n(u)GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(n(u)).last等于前向搜索端点s的GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(s).last,并进入步骤S20420,其中,所述匹配路径成本Cost的表达式如下:
Cost1=SPcost(s).last+Length(u)+PWcost(s).last
式中,SPcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度,PWcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s的GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素;
所述匹配路径成本Cost2的表达式如下:
Cost2=SPcost(n(u)).last+PWcost(n(u)).last
式中,SPcost(n(u)).last表示连接线u的前向端点n(u)路径物理成本集最后一个元素,PWcost(n(u)).last表示连接线u的前向端点n(u)GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后 一个元素;
所述连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部截断成本集的最后一个元素LOCcost(n(u)).las的表达式如下:
LOCcost(n(u)).last=LOCcost(s).last+Length(u)
式中,LOCcost(s).last表示,前向搜索端点s局部截断成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度;
SPcost(n(u)).last=SPcost(s).last+Length(u)
式中,SPcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度;
S20419、根据前向搜索端点s局部截断成本集的最后一个元素LOCcost(s).last以及连接线u的长度Length(u)计算得到前进变量HeadDist,并分别在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部截断成本集LOCcost(n(u))末尾插入前进变量HeadDist,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的途径连接线集SPvia(n(u))末尾插入连接线u,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部轨迹增量集Padd(n(u))末尾插入0,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(n(u))末尾插入前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的路径物理成本集SPcost(n(u))末尾插入前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素SPcost(s).last以及连接线u的长度Length(u),在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(n(u))末尾插入连接线u的前向端点n(u)GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(s).last,并进入步骤S20425;其中,所述前进变量HeadDist的表达式如下:
HeadDist=LOCcost(s).last+Length(u)
式中,LOCcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s局部截断成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度;
S20420、根据所述前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last计算得到当前匹配GPS轨迹点进度Mnow,并判断连接线u的前向端点n(u)的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(n(u))集合是否为空集,若是,则进入步骤S20421,否则,进入步骤S20422;其中,所述当前匹配GPS轨迹点进度Mnow的表达式如下:
Mnow=ValidN(s).last+AddN
式中,ValidN(s).last表示前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素,AddN表示局部增量匹配点数;
S20421、计算得到局部搜索成本Costnow以及令前向变量HeadDist为GPS轨迹点vp (Mnow)和连接线u的前向端点n(u)的欧式距离Euc(vp(Mnow),n(u)),并分别在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部截断成本集LOCcost(n(u))末尾插入前进变量HeadDist,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的途径连接线集SPvia(n(u))末尾插连接线u,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部轨迹增量集Padd(n(u))末尾插入局部增量匹配点数AddN,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(n(u))末尾插入当前匹配GPS轨迹点进度Mnow,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的路径物理成本集SPcost(n(u))末尾插入前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素SPcost(s).last+局部搜索成本Costnow,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(n(u))末尾插入前向搜索端点s的GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(s).last+局部GPS轨迹点加权变量PWac以及在已修改路网节点集NList末尾插入n(u),并进入步骤S0425,其中,所述局部搜索成本Costnow的表达式如下:
Costnow=Length(u)-StartCut(s).last
式中,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度,StartCut(s).last表示前向搜索端点s出发截断成本集最后一个元素;
S20422、判断连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last是否等于前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last,若是,则进入步骤S20423,否则,连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last小于当前匹配GPS轨迹点进度Mnow,并进入步骤S20424;
S20423、分别计算得到匹配路径成本Cost1以及匹配路径成本Cost2,若匹配路径成本Cost1小于匹配路径成本Cost2,则令前进变量HeadDist等于GPS轨迹点vp(Mnow)和n(u)的欧式距离Euc(vp(Mnow),n(u)),令连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部截断成本集的最后一个元素LOCcost(n(u)).last为前进变量HeadDist,令连接线u的前向端点n(u)途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(n(u)).last为连接线u,令连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部轨迹增量集的最后一个元素Padd(n(u)).last为局部增量匹配点数AddN,以及分别计算得到连接线u的前向端点n(u)路径物理成本集最后一个元素SPcost(n(u)).last以及连接线u的前向端点n(u)GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(n(u)).las,并进入步骤S20428;其中,所述匹配路径成本的表达式如下:
Cost1=SPcost(s).last+Length(u)+PWcost(s).last+StartCut(s).last
式中,SPcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度,PWcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s的GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素,StartCut(s).last表示局部GPS轨迹点加权变量PWac-前向搜索端点 s出发截断成本集最后一个元素;
所述匹配路径成本Cost2的表达式如下:
Cost2=SPcost(n(u)).last+PWcost(n(u)).last
式中,SPcost(n(u)).las表示连接线u的前向端点n(u)路径物理成本集最后一个元素,PWcost(n(u)).last表示连接线u的前向端点n(u)GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素;
所述连接线u的前向端点n(u)路径物理成本集最后一个元素SPcost(n(u)).last的表达式如下:
SPcost(n(u)).last=SPcost(s).last+Length(u)+StartCut(s).last
式中,SPcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度,StartCut(s).last表示前向搜索端点s出发截断成本集最后一个元素;
所述连接线u的前向端点n(u)GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(n(u)).last的表达式如下:
PWcost(n(u)).last=PWcost(s).last+PWac
式中,PWcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s的GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素,PWac表示局部GPS轨迹点加权变量;
S20424、执行前进变量HeadDist为GPS轨迹点vp(Mnow)和连接线u的前向端点n(u)的欧式距离Euc(vp(Mnow),n(u)),并计算得到局部搜索成本Costnow,以及在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部截断成本集LOCcost(n(u))末尾插入前进变量HeadDist,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的途径连接线集SPvia(n(u))末尾插入连接线u,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部轨迹增量集Padd(n(u))末尾插入局部增量匹配点数AddN,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(n(u))末尾插入当前匹配GPS轨迹点进度Mnow,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的路径物理成本集SPcost(n(u))末尾插入前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素SPcost(s).last以及局部搜索成本Costnow,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(n(u))末尾插入前向搜索端点s的GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(s).last以及局部GPS轨迹点加权变量PWac,并进入步骤S20428;其中,所述局部搜索成本Costnow的表达式如下:
Costnow=Length(u)-StartCut(s).last
式中,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度,StartCut(s).last表示前向搜索端点s出发截断成本集最后一个元素;
S20425、当前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last小于终止节点Endp时,在搜索结束路网节点集CloseL中剔除前向搜索端点s,并计算得到前进变量HeadDist(n(u)),若搜索打开节点集OpenL中有连接线u的前向端点n(u),则剔除该元素,并判断前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last是否等于当前最远匹配节点Pnow,若是,则进入步骤S20426,否则,连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last小于当前最远匹配节点Pnow,并进入步骤S20427;其中,前进变量HeadDist(n(u))的表达式如下:
HeadDist(n(u))=Euc(vp(ValidN(s).last+1),n(u)+LOCcost(n(u)).last)
式中,Euc(vp(ValidN(s).last+1),n(u)表示GPS轨迹点vp(ValidN(s).last和连接线u的前向端点n(u)的欧式距离,LOCcost(n(u)).last)表示连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部截断成本集的最后一个元素;
S20426、在搜索打开节点集OpenL起始位置插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),在对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL起始位置插入前进变量HeadDist(n(u)),在搜索结束路网节点集CloseL中插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),并返回步骤S2044;
S20427、在搜索打开节点集OpenL末尾位置插入n(u),在对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL末尾位置插入前进变量HeadDist(n(u)),当前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last等于终止节点Endp时,若连接线u在GPS轨迹点vp(Endp)邻近连线集NearL(Endp)中,则在搜索结束路网节点集CloseL中剔除前向搜索端点s,在搜索打开节点集OpenL起始位置插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),在对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL起始位置插入0以及在搜索结束路网节点集CloseL插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),并返回步骤S2043;
S20428、当连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last小于终止节点Endp时,计算前进变量HeadDist(n(u))等于GPS轨迹点vp(ValidN(s).last和n(u)的欧式距离Euc(vp(ValidN(n(u)).last+1)以及连接线u的前向端点n(u))和连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部截断成本集的最后一个元素LOCcost(n(u)).last,若搜索打开节点集OpenL中有连接线u的前向端点n(u),则剔除连接线u的前向端点n(u),并判断连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last是否大等于当前最远匹配节点Pnow,若是,则进入步骤S20429,否则,进入步骤S20430;其中,所述前进变量HeadDist(n(u))的表达式如下:
HeadDist(n(u))=(vp(ValidN(n(u)).last+1)+LOCcost(n(u)).last
式中,Euc(vp(ValidN(n(u)).last+1)表示GPS轨迹点vp(ValidN(s).last和 n(u)的欧式距离Euc,LOCcost(n(u)).last表示连接线u的前向端点n(u))和连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部截断成本集的最后一个元素;
S20429、在搜索打开节点集OpenL起始位置插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),在对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL起始位置插入前进变量HeadDist(n(u)),并返回步骤S2044;
S20430、判断连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last是否大于当前最远匹配节点Pnow,若是,则进入步骤S20431,否则,连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last小于当前最远匹配节点Pnow,并进入步骤S20432;
S20431、更新当前最远匹配节点Pnow为连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last,并清空搜索结束路网节点集CloseL集合,插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),并返回步骤S2044;
S20432、在搜索打开节点集OpenL末尾位置插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),在对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL末尾位置插入前进变量HeadDist(n(u)),当连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last等于终止节点Endp时,若连接线u在GPS轨迹点vp(Endp)邻近连线集NearL(Endp)中,在搜索打开节点集OpenL起始位置插入n(u),在对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL起始位置插入0,并返回步骤S2043。
再进一步地,所述步骤S3包括以下步骤:
S301、由末点vp(k)回溯所述最佳匹配路径,遍历获取沿途各GPS轨迹点,并根据沿途GPS轨迹点,获取搜索结束路网节点集CloseL各元素,遍历所述搜索结束路网节点集CloseL选择一最优元素作为匹配路径回溯点;
S302、根据所述匹配路径回溯点,以最优匹配尾节点BestEndN为尾节点回溯完成当前轨迹段匹配过程;
S303、根据当前匹配轨迹段回溯结果,输出从GPS轨迹点vp(Lastp)到GPS轨迹点vp(Pnow)中各GPS轨迹点的匹配结果,并分别清空所有已修改路网节点集NList中涉及路网节点各途径连接线集SPvia、路径物理成本集SPcost、局部截断成本集LOCcost、GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost、局部轨迹增量集Padd、对应轨迹标号集ValidN以及端点出发截断成本集StartCut;
S304、判断起始节点Startp是否大于终止节点Endp,若是,则当前出行GPS轨迹点全部匹配结束,并汇总输出匹配结果统计表,并进入步骤S4,否则,起始节点Startp小于终止节点Endp,并进入步骤S4。
再进一步地,所述步骤S301包括以下步骤:
S3011、由末点vp(k)回溯所述最佳匹配路径,遍历获取沿途各GPS轨迹点,并根据沿途GPS轨迹点,获取搜索结束路网节点集CloseL各元素;
S3012、对所述搜索结束路网节点集CloseL中各元素道路节点建立循环,并初始化最小总路径加权成本MinCost等于100000,当节点对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last等于当前最远匹配节点Pnow时,建立最优局部路径终点搜索迭代m=false,以及初始化当前搜索路网节点CrtN为前向搜索端点s,当途径连接线集SPvia(s)不为空集,且前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last等于当前最远匹配节点Pnow时,以及途径连接线集SPvia(s)仅存在一个元素,则检查是否陷入回溯端点死循环,若是,则终止迭代进入搜索结束路网节点集CloseL中下一元素,并进入步骤S3013,否则,进入步骤S3015;
S3013、检查当前最远匹配节点Pnow附近是否存在前向搜索端点s途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(s).last,若是,则找到局部最优终点,并进入步骤S3015,否则,进入步骤S3014;
S3014、若前向搜索端点s途径连接线集的元素数量SPvia(s).size大于1,则分别在途径连接线集SPvia(s)、对应轨迹标号集ValidN(s)、局部轨迹增量集Padd(s)、路径物理成本集SPcost(s)以及GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(s)中剔除最后一个元素,并令路径回溯端点CrtEndN等于前向搜索端点s途径连接线集的最后一个元素的尾点SPvia(s).last.tail,并返回步骤S3012;或
若前向搜索端点s为轨迹匹配段落起点,则分别在途径连接线集SPvia(s)、对应轨迹标号集ValidN(s)、局部轨迹增量集Padd(s)、路径物理成本集SPcost(s)以及GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(s)中剔除最后一个元素,并令路径回溯端点CrtEndN等于前向搜索端点s途径连接线集的最后一个元素的尾点SPvia(s).last.tail,并返回步骤S3012;
S3015、根据找到的路径回溯端点CrtEndN及所属连接线路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(CrtN).last,计算得到路径总成本TotalCos,并判断所述路径总成本TotalCost是否小于最小总路径加权成本MinCost,若是,则更新最小总路径加权成本MinCost等于路径总成本TotalCost以及最佳匹配尾节点BestEndN等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN,进入下一备选尾节点,并返回步骤S3011,否则,遍历完搜索结束路网节点集CloseL,选择一最优元素作为匹配路径回溯点,并进入步骤S302;其中,路径总成本TotalCost的表达式如下:
TotalCost=SPcost(CrtN)+PWcost(CrtN)+Euc(vp(Pnow),CrtN)
式中,SPcost(CrtN)表示路径回溯端点CrtEndN的路径物理成本集,PWcost(CrtN)表示路径回溯端点CrtEndN的GPS轨迹点加权成本集,Euc(vp(Pnow),CrtN)表示GPS轨迹点vp(Pnow)和路径回溯端点CrtEndN的欧式距离。
再进一步地,所述步骤S302包括以下步骤:
S3021、更新起始节点Startp为当前最远匹配节点Pnow+1,并分别初始化当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP等于当前最远匹配节点Pnow、当前回溯尾节点CrtEndN等于最佳匹配尾节点BestEndN以及回溯指示变量BackCk等于端点BestEndN途径连接线集的元素数量SPvia(BestEndN).size,建立回溯迭代,并判断回溯迭代的回溯指示变量BackCk是否等于1,若是,则进入步骤S3022,否则,回溯迭代的回溯指示变量BackCk大于1,并进入步骤S3023;
S3022、检查是否已回溯到路网路径起点,若是,则直接终止迭代,并进入步骤S3023,否则,返回步骤S3021;
S3023、建立从当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP到上一起始节点Lastp的逆序循环k;
S3024、当匹配结果变量Match(k)等于-1时,若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).last在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,则更新匹配结果变量Match(k)等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).last,最优匹配权重MatchW(k)等于节点k匹配连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(Match(k));以及
当匹配结果变量Match(k)大于-1时,若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).last在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,且轨迹点vp(k)对应该连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(SPvia(CrtEndN).last)小于最佳匹配权重MatchW(k),则匹配结果变量Match(k)为路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).last,最佳匹配权重MatchW(k)为节点k匹配连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(Match(k)),若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).last不在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,且路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).last小于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP为当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP-1;
S3025、令k为k-1,并继续循环,若判断循环是否结束,若是,则进入步骤S3026,否则,返回步骤S3024;
S3026、建立从回溯指示变量BackCk到1的逆序循环t;
S3027、若路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的第t个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t)大于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则剔除路径回溯端点CrtEndN的途径连接线集SPvia (CrtEndN)以及路径回溯端点CrtEndN的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(CrtEndN)集合中的最后一个元素,更新回溯指示变量BackCk等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的元素数量SPvia(CrtEndN).size,并继续循环下一元素t-1;以及
若路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的第t个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t)大于等于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则建立从当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP到上一起始节点Lastp的逆序循环k,当匹配结果变量Match(k)等于-1时,且路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,则更新匹配结果变量Match(k)等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t),最佳匹配权重MatchW(k)等于节点k匹配连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(Match(k));当匹配结果变量Match(k)大于-1时,若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,且轨迹点vp(k)对应该连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t))小于最佳匹配权重MatchW(k),则使匹配结果变量Match(k)等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t),最佳匹配权重MatchW(k)等于节点k匹配连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(Match(k)),若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)不在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,且路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的第t个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t)小于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则使当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP为当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP-1;
S3028、令k为k-1,继续循环,并判断循环是否结束,若是,则进入步骤S3029,否则,返回步骤S3027;
S3029、建立从回溯指示变量BackCk到1的逆序循环t;
S30210、若路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的第t个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t)大于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则剔除路径回溯端点CrtEndN的途径连接线集SPvia(CrtEndN)以及路径回溯端点CrtEndN的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(CrtEndN)集合的最后一个元素,并更新回溯指示变量BackCk等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的元素数量SPvia(CrtEndN).size,并继续循环下一个元素t-1;以及
若路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的第t个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t)大于等于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则建立从当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP到上一起始节点Lastp的逆序循环k,当匹配结果变量Match(k)等于-1时,若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,则使更新匹配结果变量Match(k)等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at (t),最佳匹配权重MatchW(k)等于节点k匹配连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(Match(k));
若匹配结果变量Match(k)大于-1时,若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,且若vp(k).Weight(SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t))小于最佳匹配权重MatchW(k),则使匹配结果变量Match(k)等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t),最佳匹配权重MatchW(k)等于节点k匹配连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(Match(k)),若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)不在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,且若路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的第t个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t)小于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则使当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP等于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP-1;
S30211、令k为k-1,并继续循环,判断循环是否结束,若是,则进入步骤S30212,否则,返回步骤S30210;
S30212、更新路径回溯端点CrtEndN等于其途径连接线集的最后一个元素的尾节点SPvia(CrtEndN).last.tail,以及更新回溯指示变量BackCk等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的元素数量SPvia(CrtEndN).size;
S30213、设置临时点TempN等于SPvia(CrtEndN).last.tail,若SPvia(CrtEndN).size大于1,剔除路径回溯端点CrtEndN的途径连接线集SPvia(CrtEndN)、轨迹标号集ValidN(CrtEndN)的最后一个元素,更新当前回溯尾节点CrtEndN等于临时点TempN,回溯指示变量BackCk等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN的途径连接线集包含元素数目SPvia(CrtEndN).size,结束循环t;
S30214、判断是否迭代结束,若是,则返回步骤S3023,否则,进入步骤S30215;
S30215、继续迭代,并判断回溯指示变量BackCk是否等于1,若是,则返回步骤S3023,否则,进入步骤S30216;
S30216、判断回溯指示变量BackCk是否大于1,若是,则返回步骤S3023,否则,回溯指示变量BackCk是否等于0,迭代结束,从而实现以最优匹配尾节点BestEndN为尾节点回溯完成当前轨迹段的匹配过程,并进入步骤S303。
再进一步地,所述步骤S4包括以下步骤:
S401、根据所述匹配结果统计表,判断匹配中途是否存在由地图匹配工作循环引起的中断点,若是,则进入步骤S402,否则,完成快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图的匹配;
S402、输出首点vp(1)至中断点vp(s)的匹配结果,并从中断点vp(s)到末点vp (k)执行步骤S2至S3,直至完成全部车载GPS轨迹点的匹配。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明创新提出了以GPS轨迹点作为空间加权的地图匹配路径搜索算法,即实现了以“路径搜索导向的GPS轨迹点匹配逻辑”替代了传统的“GPS轨迹点导向的路径搜索逻辑”,避免了传统匹配逻辑中繁复低效的地图数据调用过程,极大提升了地图匹配工作效率,同时实验表明,当GPS采样间隔为2秒时,与传统步进式匹配方法相比,本方法可提升匹配速度10的4次方倍数量级,与先进的分段式匹配方法相比,本方法提升匹配速度也在10的2次方倍数量级,且当采样间隔小于20秒时,与其他地图匹配算法相比具备最佳的匹配精度。
(2)本发明仅需要GPS轨迹点坐标及时间戳信息,不依赖其他数据,有效规避了复杂路网条件下匹配过程极易产生的局部匹配误差。
(3)本发明既能有效控制匹配误差不扩散,也显著提升了相应路径搜索算法的匹配效率,可广泛应用于车载导航、移动位置应用服务、普适计算及城市交通系统分析规划管理领域。
附图说明
图1为本发明的方法流程图。
图2为本实施例中实验数据示意图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行描述,以便于本技术领域的技术人员理解本发明,但应该清楚,本发明不限于具体实施方式的范围,对本技术领域的普通技术人员来讲,只要各种变化在所附的权利要求限定和确定的本发明的精神和范围内,这些变化是显而易见的,一切利用本发明构思的发明创造均在保护之列。
实施例
在对本实施例进行说明前,对以下参数进行说明:
本实施例中,false表示否,true表示是。
如图1所示,本发明提供了一种快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图匹配的方法,其实现方法如下:
S1、获取任一车辆的GPS经过的若干个GPS轨迹点,并对所述若干个GPS轨迹点进行初始化操作,得到有效GPS轨迹点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)},其实现方法如下:
S101、获取任一车辆的GPS经过的若干个GPS轨迹点;
S102、将所述若干个GPS轨迹点分离为分段集合Trip(a)={T1,T2,…,Ta,…,Tn},其中,Ta表示一个分段,且所述Ta分段内包括多个GPS轨迹点,Tn表示总分段数;
S103、从分段Ta内的多个GPS轨迹点{p(1),p(2),…,p(i),…,p(n)}中任选 一个GPS轨迹点p(i)作为当前GPS轨迹点,其中,p(n)表示总的GPS轨迹点;
S104、判断所述当前GPS轨迹点p(i)至p(i+1)的直线速度是否大于300km/h,若是,则剔除当前GPS轨迹点p(i),转入下一个GPS轨迹点p(i+1),并重复步骤S104,否则,进入步骤S105;或
判断所述当前GPS轨迹点p(i)与p(i+1)的间隔时间是否小于等于0,若是,则剔除当前GPS轨迹点p(i),转入下一个GPS轨迹点p(i+1),并重复步骤S104,否则,进入步骤S105;
S105、设当前GPS轨迹点的上一累计行驶距离变量为p(i).lastD;
S106、判断所述p(i).lastD是否小于20米,若是,则计算得到GPS轨迹点p(i-1)至p(i)的距离,并剔除GPS轨迹点p(i),并进入步骤S107,否则,所述p(i).lastD大于20米,并将当前GPS轨迹点p(i)=vp(l)纳入所述有效节点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)},并进入步骤S107;
本实施例中,如果小于20米,比如是3米,则轨迹点p(i+1)的当前累计行驶p(i).currentD=p(i).lastD+3=13米,轨迹点p(i+1).lastD=p(i).currentD,并从节点列表中剔除p(i);
S107、判断分段Ta内是否所有的GPS轨迹点均被作为当前GPS轨迹点,若是,则建立有效GPS轨迹点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)},并获取所述GPS轨迹点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)}中各GPS轨迹点k在地图数据中的待匹配邻近连接线集合NearL(k),并初始化匹配结果变量Match(k)=-1,最佳匹配权重MatchW(k)=10000,完成有效GPS轨迹点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)}的建立,并进入步骤S2,否则,返回步骤S101;
S2、在所述有效GPS轨迹点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)}中,以首点vp(1)至末点vp(k)建立地图匹配工作循环,并根据所述地图匹配工作循环,利用以GPS轨迹点导向的最短路径搜索算法得到首点vp(1)至末点vp(k)的最佳地图匹配路径,其实现方法如下:
S201、在所述有效GPS轨迹点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)}中,以首点vp(1)至末点vp(k)建立地图匹配工作循环;
S202、根据所述地图匹配工作循环,设有效GPS列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)}的起始节点为Startp,终止节点为Endp;
S203、判断所述起始节点Startp是否小于等于终止节点Endp,若是,则进入步骤S204,否则,起始节点Startp是否大于终止节点Endp,完成GPS轨迹的全部匹配,得到首点vp(1) 至末点vp(k)的最佳地图匹配路径,并进入步骤S3;
S204、利用以GPS轨迹点导向的最短路径搜索算法搜索起始节点Startp至终止节点Endp的最短路径,并判断最短路径搜索的迭代过程是否结束,若是,则获取备选路径,并进入步骤S3,否则,重复步骤S204,直至最短路径搜索迭代完成,其实现方法如下:
S2041、对所述起始节点Startp进行匹配变量初始化处理,所述匹配变量包括上一起始节点Lastp等于起始节点Startp、当前最远匹配节点Pnow、已修改路网节点集NList、搜索打开节点集OpenL、对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL、搜索结束路网节点集CloseL以及起点邻近路网连接线集NearL(Startp);
S2042、对所述起点邻近路网连接线集NearL(Startp)中各连接线建立地图匹配工作循环;
S2043、判断各连接线是否满足出发条件,若是,则将各连接线的对应端点纳入所述搜索打开节点集OpenL,并分别更新所述对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL、已修改路网节点集NList以及更新各连接线对应前向搜索端点s的搜索属性集Search(s),且当循环结束时,所述搜索打开节点集OpenL不为空集,进入步骤S2044;否则,对所述起始节点Startp选取邻近匹配值最大的连接线作为该点匹配结果,并更新起始节点Startp等于起始节点Startp+1,并返回步骤S202,其中,所述端点搜索属性集Search(s)包括端点出发截断成本集StartCut(s)、路径物理成本集SPcost(s)、局部截断成本集LOCcost(s)、GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(s)、对应轨迹标号集ValidN(s)、局部轨迹增量集Padd(s)以及途径连接线集SPvia(s);
S2044、对所述搜索打开节点集OpenL中各路网搜索前向搜索端点s建立迭代,并判断所述迭代的结束要条件是否为搜索打开节点集OpenL已为空集,若是,则获取备选路径,并进入步骤S3,否则,进入步骤S2045;
S2045、选取所述搜索打开节点集OpenL中首个前向搜索端点s开展搜索,分别获取对应轨迹标号ValidN(s)以及前向搜索端点s的对应搜索前进参考变量OpenValueL值OpenValueL.begin,并判断所述对应轨迹标号ValidN(s)是否大于起始节点Startp-1,若是,则从搜索打开节点集OpenL以及对应前向搜索端点s的首个对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL中剔除前向搜索端点s及其对应的前进变量HeadDist,并进入步骤S2046,否则,进入步骤S2048;
S2046、若所述对应轨迹标号ValidN(s)小于终止节点Endp,且所述对应轨迹标号ValidN(s)小于当前最远匹配节点Pnow,则计算得到前进判断距离Jdist,并进入步骤S2047;或
若所述对应轨迹标号ValidN(s)小于终止节点Endp,且所述局部轨迹增量Padd(s) =0,则计算得到前进判断距离Jdis,并进入步骤S2047;
S2047、判断前向搜索端点s的对应搜索前进参考变量的值OpenValueL(s)是否大于2*前进判断距离Jdist,且前进判断距离Jdist大于200米,若是,则返回步骤S2045,否则,进入步骤S2048;或
判断所述前向搜索端点s的对应搜索前进参考变量的值OpenValueL(s)是否大于400米且前进判断距离Jdist小于等于200米,若是,则返回步骤S2045,否则,进入步骤S2048;
S2048、对当前搜索前向搜索端点s各前向连接线集合ForwardL建立循环,并提取所述前向连接线u及下一路网节点n(u),当途径连接线集SPvia(s)不为空集时,若前向搜索端点s途径连接线集SPvia(s)的最后一个元素SPvia(s).last等于连接线u时,跳至前向连接线集合ForwardL下一连接线,并继续计算连接线u与GPS轨迹点vp(ValidN(s))运动方向夹角MoveAng(u);
S2049、判断所述运动方向夹角MoveAng(u)是否大于等于100度,若是,则跳至前向连接线集合ForwardL中下一连接线u,并返回步骤S2048,否则,将连接线u按运动方向夹角MoveAng(u)从小到大顺序插入拓展连线集NextL,并在循环结束后进入步骤S20410;
S20410、对拓展连线集NextL中元素建立前向搜索循环,提取前向连接线u及下一路网节点n(u),并初始化局部GPS轨迹点加权变量PWac=0、已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow=对应轨迹标号ValidN(s)、局部增量匹配点数AddN=0以及掉头指示变量TurnIndi=false;
S20411、当已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow小于终止节点Endp时,初始化迭代指示变量Indi=true,并建立前向轨迹匹配增益,判断迭代结束条件是否为迭代指示变量Indi=false,若是,则进入步骤S20412,否则,进入步骤S20415;
S20412、令已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow为已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow+1,在GPS轨迹点vp(Sernow)邻近连线集NearL(Sernow)中搜索连接线u,并判断连接线u是否不在GPS轨迹点vp(Sernow)邻近连线集NearL(Sernow)中,若是,则进入步骤S20413,否则,连接线u在GPS轨迹点vp(Sernow)邻近连线集NearL(Sernow)中,并进入步骤S20414;或
令已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow为已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow+1,在GPS轨迹点vp(Sernow)邻近连线集NearL(Sernow)中搜索连接线u,并判断已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow等于终止节点Endp时,迭代结束条件是否为迭代指示变量Indi=false,若是,则进入步骤S20413,否则,连接线u在GPS轨迹点vp(Sernow)邻近连线集NearL(Sernow)中,并进入步骤S20414;
S20413、判断局部增量匹配点数AddN是否等于0,若是,则进入步骤S20415,否则,则 局部增量匹配点数AddN大于0,并进入步骤S20416;
S20414、分别令局部增量匹配点数AddN为局部增量匹配点数AddN+1,以及计算得到局部GPS轨迹点加权变量PWac,且若GPS轨迹点存在掉头,则掉头指示变量TurnIndi=true,迭代指示变量Indi=false;当局部增量匹配点数AddN=0,则进入步骤S20415;并判断局部增量匹配点数AddND是否大于0,若是,则进入步骤S24021,否则,返回步骤S20412;其中,所述局部GPS轨迹点加权变量PWac的表达式如下:
PWac=PWac+(Sernow).Weight(u)
式中,PWac表示局部GPS轨迹点加权变量,vp(Sernow).Weight(u)表示GPS轨迹点vp;
S20415、当前向搜索端点s大于起始节点Startp时,判断连接线u的前向端点n(u)的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(n(u))集合是否为空集,若是,则进入步骤S20416,否则,进入步骤S20417;
S20416、计算得到局部搜索成本Costnow,并在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部截断成本集LOCcost(n(u))末尾插入元素局部搜索成本Costnow,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的途径连接线集SPvia(n(u))末尾插入连接线u,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部轨迹增量集Padd(n(u))末尾插入元素0,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的路径物理成本集SPcost(n(u))末尾插入元素,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(n(u))末尾插入元素,在已修改路网节点集NList末尾插入n(u),并进入步骤S20419,其中,所述局部搜索成本Costnow的表达式如下:
Costnow=LOCcost(s).last+Length(u)
式中,LOCcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s局部截断成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度;
S20417、判断连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last是否等于前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last,若是,则进入步骤S20418,否则,连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last小于前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last,并进入步骤S20419;
S20418、根据连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last计算得到匹配路径成本Cost1,以及根据计算得到连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last,若匹配路径成本Cost1小于匹配路径成本Cost2,则计算得到连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部截断成本集的最后一个元素LOCcost (n(u)).last,并令连接线u的前向端点n(u)途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(n(u)).last等于连接线u,令连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部轨迹增量集的最后一个元素Padd(n(u)).last=0,以及计算得到连接线u的前向端点n(u)路径物理成本集最后一个元素SPcost(n(u)).last以及令连接线u的前向端点n(u)GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(n(u)).last等于前向搜索端点s的GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(s).last,并进入步骤S20420,其中,所述匹配路径成本Cost的表达式如下:
Cost1=SPcost(s).last+Length(u)+PWcost(s).last
式中,SPcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度,PWcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s的GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素;
所述匹配路径成本Cost2的表达式如下:
Cost2=SPcost(n(u)).last+PWcost(n(u)).last
式中,SPcost(n(u)).last表示连接线u的前向端点n(u)路径物理成本集最后一个元素,PWcost(n(u)).last表示连接线u的前向端点n(u)GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素;
所述连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部截断成本集的最后一个元素LOCcost(n(u)).las的表达式如下:
LOCcost(n(u)).last=LOCcost(s).last+Length(u)
式中,LOCcost(s).last表示,前向搜索端点s局部截断成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度;
SPcost(n(u)).last=SPcost(s).last+Length(u)
式中,SPcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度;
S20419、根据前向搜索端点s局部截断成本集的最后一个元素LOCcost(s).last以及连接线u的长度Length(u)计算得到前进变量HeadDist,并分别在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部截断成本集LOCcost(n(u))末尾插入前进变量HeadDist,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的途径连接线集SPvia(n(u))末尾插入连接线u,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部轨迹增量集Padd(n(u))末尾插入0,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(n(u))末尾插入前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的路径物理成本集SPcost(n(u))末尾插入前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素SPcost(s).last以及连接线u的长度Length(u),在连 接线u的前向端点n(u)的GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(n(u))末尾插入连接线u的前向端点n(u)GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(s).last,并进入步骤S20425;其中,所述前进变量HeadDist的表达式如下:
HeadDist=LOCcost(s).last+Length(u)
式中,LOCcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s局部截断成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度;
S20420、根据所述前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last计算得到当前匹配GPS轨迹点进度Mnow,并判断连接线u的前向端点n(u)的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(n(u))集合是否为空集,若是,则进入步骤S20421,否则,进入步骤S20422;其中,所述当前匹配GPS轨迹点进度Mnow的表达式如下:
Mnow=ValidN(s).last+AddN
式中,ValidN(s).last表示前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素,AddN表示局部增量匹配点数;
S20421、计算得到局部搜索成本Costnow以及令前向变量HeadDist为GPS轨迹点vp(Mnow)和连接线u的前向端点n(u)的欧式距离Euc(vp(Mnow),n(u)),并分别在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部截断成本集LOCcost(n(u))末尾插入前进变量HeadDist,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的途径连接线集SPvia(n(u))末尾插连接线u,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部轨迹增量集Padd(n(u))末尾插入局部增量匹配点数AddN,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(n(u))末尾插入当前匹配GPS轨迹点进度Mnow,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的路径物理成本集SPcost(n(u))末尾插入前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素SPcost(s).last+局部搜索成本Costnow,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(n(u))末尾插入前向搜索端点s的GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(s).last+局部GPS轨迹点加权变量PWac以及在已修改路网节点集NList末尾插入n(u),并进入步骤S0425,其中,所述局部搜索成本Costnow的表达式如下:
Costnow=Length(u)-StartCut(s).last
式中,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度,StartCut(s).last表示前向搜索端点s出发截断成本集最后一个元素;
S20422、判断连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last是否等于前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last,若是,则进入步骤S20423,否则,连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元 素ValidN(n(u)).last小于当前匹配GPS轨迹点进度Mnow,并进入步骤S20424;
S20423、分别计算得到匹配路径成本Cost1以及匹配路径成本Cost2,若匹配路径成本Cost1小于匹配路径成本Cost2,则令前进变量HeadDist等于GPS轨迹点vp(Mnow)和n(u)的欧式距离Euc(vp(Mnow),n(u)),令连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部截断成本集的最后一个元素LOCcost(n(u)).last为前进变量HeadDist,令连接线u的前向端点n(u)途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(n(u)).last为连接线u,令连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部轨迹增量集的最后一个元素Padd(n(u)).last为局部增量匹配点数AddN,以及分别计算得到连接线u的前向端点n(u)路径物理成本集最后一个元素SPcost(n(u)).last以及连接线u的前向端点n(u)GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(n(u)).las,并进入步骤S20428;其中,所述匹配路径成本的表达式如下:
Cost1=SPcost(s).last+Length(u)+PWcost(s).last+StartCut(s).last
式中,SPcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度,PWcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s的GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素,StartCut(s).last表示局部GPS轨迹点加权变量PWac-前向搜索端点s出发截断成本集最后一个元素;
所述匹配路径成本Cost2的表达式如下:
Cost2=SPcost(n(u)).last+PWcost(n(u)).last
式中,SPcost(n(u)).las表示连接线u的前向端点n(u)路径物理成本集最后一个元素,PWcost(n(u)).last表示连接线u的前向端点n(u)GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素;
所述连接线u的前向端点n(u)路径物理成本集最后一个元素SPcost(n(u)).last的表达式如下:
SPcost(n(u)).last=SPcost(s).last+Length(u)+StartCut(s).last
式中,SPcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度,StartCut(s).last表示前向搜索端点s出发截断成本集最后一个元素;
所述连接线u的前向端点n(u)GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(n(u)).last的表达式如下:
PWcost(n(u)).last=PWcost(s).last+PWac
式中,PWcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s的GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素,PWac表示局部GPS轨迹点加权变量;
S20424、执行前进变量HeadDist为GPS轨迹点vp(Mnow)和连接线u的前向端点n(u)的欧式距离Euc(vp(Mnow),n(u)),并计算得到局部搜索成本Costnow,以及在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部截断成本集LOCcost(n(u))末尾插入前进变量HeadDist,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的途径连接线集SPvia(n(u))末尾插入连接线u,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部轨迹增量集Padd(n(u))末尾插入局部增量匹配点数AddN,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(n(u))末尾插入当前匹配GPS轨迹点进度Mnow,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的路径物理成本集SPcost(n(u))末尾插入前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素SPcost(s).last以及局部搜索成本Costnow,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(n(u))末尾插入前向搜索端点s的GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(s).last以及局部GPS轨迹点加权变量PWac,并进入步骤S20428;其中,所述局部搜索成本Costnow的表达式如下:
Costnow=Length(u)-StartCut(s).last
式中,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度,StartCut(s).last表示前向搜索端点s出发截断成本集最后一个元素;
S20425、当前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last小于终止节点Endp时,在搜索结束路网节点集CloseL中剔除前向搜索端点s,并计算得到前进变量HeadDist(n(u)),若搜索打开节点集OpenL中有连接线u的前向端点n(u),则剔除该元素,并判断前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last是否等于当前最远匹配节点Pnow,若是,则进入步骤S20426,否则,连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last小于当前最远匹配节点Pnow,并进入步骤S20427;其中,前进变量HeadDist(n(u))的表达式如下:
HeadDist(n(u))=Euc(vp(ValidN(s).last+1),n(u)+LOCcost(n(u)).last)
式中,Euc(vp(ValidN(s).last+1),n(u)表示GPS轨迹点vp(ValidN(s).last和连接线u的前向端点n(u)的欧式距离,LOCcost(n(u)).last)表示连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部截断成本集的最后一个元素;
S20426、在搜索打开节点集OpenL起始位置插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),在对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL起始位置插入前进变量HeadDist(n(u)),在搜索结束路网节点集CloseL中插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),并返回步骤S2044;
S20427、在搜索打开节点集OpenL末尾位置插入n(u),在对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL末尾位置插入前进变量HeadDist(n(u)),当前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last等于终止节点Endp时,若连接线u在GPS轨迹点vp(Endp) 邻近连线集NearL(Endp)中,则在搜索结束路网节点集CloseL中剔除前向搜索端点s,在搜索打开节点集OpenL起始位置插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),在对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL起始位置插入0以及在搜索结束路网节点集CloseL插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),并返回步骤S2043;
S20428、当连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last小于终止节点Endp时,计算前进变量HeadDist(n(u))等于GPS轨迹点vp(ValidN(s).last和n(u)的欧式距离Euc(vp(ValidN(n(u)).last+1)以及连接线u的前向端点n(u))和连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部截断成本集的最后一个元素LOCcost(n(u)).last,若搜索打开节点集OpenL中有连接线u的前向端点n(u),则剔除连接线u的前向端点n(u),并判断连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last是否大等于当前最远匹配节点Pnow,若是,则进入步骤S20429,否则,进入步骤S20430;其中,所述前进变量HeadDist(n(u))的表达式如下:
HeadDist(n(u))=(vp(ValidN(n(u)).last+1)+LOCcost(n(u)).last
式中,Euc(vp(ValidN(n(u)).last+1)表示GPS轨迹点vp(ValidN(s).last和n(u)的欧式距离Euc,LOCcost(n(u)).last表示连接线u的前向端点n(u))和连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部截断成本集的最后一个元素;
S20429、在搜索打开节点集OpenL起始位置插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),在对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL起始位置插入前进变量HeadDist(n(u)),并返回步骤S2044;
S20430、判断连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last是否大于当前最远匹配节点Pnow,若是,则进入步骤S20431,否则,连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last小于当前最远匹配节点Pnow,并进入步骤S20432;
S20431、更新当前最远匹配节点Pnow为连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last,并清空搜索结束路网节点集CloseL集合,插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),并返回步骤S2044;
S20432、在搜索打开节点集OpenL末尾位置插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),在对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL末尾位置插入前进变量HeadDist(n(u)),当连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last等于终止节点Endp时,若连接线u在GPS轨迹点vp(Endp)邻近连线集NearL(Endp)中,在搜索打开节点集OpenL起始位置插入n(u),在对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL起始位置插入0,并返回步骤S2043;
S3、由末点vp(k)回溯所述最佳地图匹配路径,遍历获取沿途各GPS轨迹点的最佳匹配结果,并汇总输出匹配结果统计表,其实现方法如下:
S301、由末点vp(k)回溯所述最佳匹配路径,遍历获取沿途各GPS轨迹点,并根据沿途GPS轨迹点,获取搜索结束路网节点集CloseL各元素,遍历所述搜索结束路网节点集CloseL选择一最优元素作为匹配路径回溯点,其实现方法如下:
S3011、由末点vp(k)回溯所述最佳匹配路径,遍历获取沿途各GPS轨迹点,并根据沿途GPS轨迹点,获取搜索结束路网节点集CloseL各元素;
S3012、对所述搜索结束路网节点集CloseL中各元素道路节点建立循环,并初始化最小总路径加权成本MinCost等于100000,当节点对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last等于当前最远匹配节点Pnow时,建立最优局部路径终点搜索迭代m=false,以及初始化当前搜索路网节点CrtN为前向搜索端点s,当途径连接线集SPvia(s)不为空集,且前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last等于当前最远匹配节点Pnow时,以及途径连接线集SPvia(s)仅存在一个元素,则检查是否陷入回溯端点死循环,若是,则终止迭代进入搜索结束路网节点集CloseL中下一元素,并进入步骤S3013,否则,进入步骤S3015;
S3013、检查当前最远匹配节点Pnow附近是否存在前向搜索端点s途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(s).last,若是,则找到局部最优终点,并进入步骤S3015,否则,进入步骤S3014;
S3014、若前向搜索端点s途径连接线集的元素数量SPvia(s).size大于1,则分别在途径连接线集SPvia(s)、对应轨迹标号集ValidN(s)、局部轨迹增量集Padd(s)、路径物理成本集SPcost(s)以及GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(s)中剔除最后一个元素,并令路径回溯端点CrtEndN等于前向搜索端点s途径连接线集的最后一个元素的尾点SPvia(s).last.tail,并返回步骤S3012;或
若前向搜索端点s为轨迹匹配段落起点,则分别在途径连接线集SPvia(s)、对应轨迹标号集ValidN(s)、局部轨迹增量集Padd(s)、路径物理成本集SPcost(s)以及GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(s)中剔除最后一个元素,并令路径回溯端点CrtEndN等于前向搜索端点s途径连接线集的最后一个元素的尾点SPvia(s).last.tail,并返回步骤S3012;
S3015、根据找到的路径回溯端点CrtEndN及所属连接线路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(CrtN).last,计算得到路径总成本TotalCos,并判断所述路径总成本TotalCost是否小于最小总路径加权成本MinCost,若是,则更新最小总路径加权成本MinCost等于路径总成本TotalCost以及最佳匹配尾节点BestEndN等于路径回溯端点 CrtEndN,进入下一备选尾节点,并返回步骤S3011,否则,遍历完搜索结束路网节点集CloseL,选择一最优元素作为匹配路径回溯点,并进入步骤S302;其中,路径总成本TotalCost的表达式如下:
TotalCost=SPcost(CrtN)+PWcost(CrtN)+Euc(vp(Pnow),CrtN)
式中,SPcost(CrtN)表示路径回溯端点CrtEndN的路径物理成本集,PWcost(CrtN)表示路径回溯端点CrtEndN的GPS轨迹点加权成本集,Euc(vp(Pnow),CrtN)表示GPS轨迹点vp(Pnow)和路径回溯端点CrtEndN的欧式距离;
S302、根据所述匹配路径回溯点,以最优匹配尾节点BestEndN为尾节点回溯完成当前轨迹段匹配过程,其实现方法如下:
S3021、更新起始节点Startp为当前最远匹配节点Pnow+1,并分别初始化当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP等于当前最远匹配节点Pnow、当前回溯尾节点CrtEndN等于最佳匹配尾节点BestEndN以及回溯指示变量BackCk等于端点BestEndN途径连接线集的元素数量SPvia(BestEndN).size,建立回溯迭代,并判断回溯迭代的回溯指示变量BackCk是否等于1,若是,则进入步骤S3022,否则,回溯迭代的回溯指示变量BackCk大于1,并进入步骤S3023;
S3022、检查是否已回溯到路网路径起点,若是,则直接终止迭代,并进入步骤S3023,否则,返回步骤S3021;
S3023、建立从当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP到上一起始节点Lastp的逆序循环k;
S3024、当匹配结果变量Match(k)等于-1时,若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).last在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,则更新匹配结果变量Match(k)等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).last,最优匹配权重MatchW(k)等于节点k匹配连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(Match(k));以及
当匹配结果变量Match(k)大于-1时,若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).last在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,且轨迹点vp(k)对应该连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(SPvia(CrtEndN).last)小于最佳匹配权重MatchW(k),则匹配结果变量Match(k)为路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).last,最佳匹配权重MatchW(k)为节点k匹配连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(Match(k)),若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).last不在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,且路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).last小于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP为当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP-1;
S3025、令k为k-1,并继续循环,若判断循环是否结束,若是,则进入步骤S3026,否则,返回步骤S3024;
S3026、建立从回溯指示变量BackCk到1的逆序循环t;
S3027、若路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的第t个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t)大于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则剔除路径回溯端点CrtEndN的途径连接线集SPvia(CrtEndN)以及路径回溯端点CrtEndN的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(CrtEndN)集合中的最后一个元素,更新回溯指示变量BackCk等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的元素数量SPvia(CrtEndN).size,并继续循环下一元素t-1;以及
若路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的第t个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t)大于等于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则建立从当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP到上一起始节点Lastp的逆序循环k,当匹配结果变量Match(k)等于-1时,且路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,则更新匹配结果变量Match(k)等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t),最佳匹配权重MatchW(k)等于节点k匹配连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(Match(k));当匹配结果变量Match(k)大于-1时,若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,且轨迹点vp(k)对应该连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t))小于最佳匹配权重MatchW(k),则使匹配结果变量Match(k)等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t),最佳匹配权重MatchW(k)等于节点k匹配连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(Match(k)),若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)不在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,且路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的第t个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t)小于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则使当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP为当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP-1;
S3028、令k为k-1,继续循环,并判断循环是否结束,若是,则进入步骤S3029,否则,返回步骤S3027;
S3029、建立从回溯指示变量BackCk到1的逆序循环t;
S30210、若路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的第t个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t)大于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则剔除路径回溯端点CrtEndN的途径连接线集SPvia(CrtEndN)以及路径回溯端点CrtEndN的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(CrtEndN)集合的最后一个元素,并更新回溯指示变量BackCk等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的元素数量SPvia(CrtEndN).size,并继续循环下一个元素t-1;以及
若路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的第t个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t)大于等于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则建立从当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP到上一起始节点Lastp的逆序循环k,当匹配结果变量Match(k)等于-1时,若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,则使更新匹配结果变量Match(k)等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t),最佳匹配权重MatchW(k)等于节点k匹配连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(Match(k));
若匹配结果变量Match(k)大于-1时,若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,且若vp(k).Weight(SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t))小于最佳匹配权重MatchW(k),则使匹配结果变量Match(k)等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t),最佳匹配权重MatchW(k)等于节点k匹配连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(Match(k)),若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)不在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,且若路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的第t个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t)小于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则使当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP等于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP-1;
S30211、令k为k-1,并继续循环,判断循环是否结束,若是,则进入步骤S30212,否则,返回步骤S30210;
S30212、更新路径回溯端点CrtEndN等于其途径连接线集的最后一个元素的尾节点SPvia(CrtEndN).last.tail,以及更新回溯指示变量BackCk等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的元素数量SPvia(CrtEndN).size;
S30213、设置临时点TempN等于SPvia(CrtEndN).last.tail,若SPvia(CrtEndN).size大于1,剔除路径回溯端点CrtEndN的途径连接线集SPvia(CrtEndN)、轨迹标号集ValidN(CrtEndN)的最后一个元素,更新当前回溯尾节点CrtEndN等于临时点TempN,回溯指示变量BackCk等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN的途径连接线集包含元素数目SPvia(CrtEndN).size,结束循环t;
S30214、判断是否迭代结束,若是,则返回步骤S3023,否则,进入步骤S30215;
S30215、继续迭代,并判断回溯指示变量BackCk是否等于1,若是,则返回步骤S3023,否则,进入步骤S30216;
S30216、判断回溯指示变量BackCk是否大于1,若是,则返回步骤S3023,否则,回溯指示变量BackCk是否等于0,迭代结束,从而实现以最优匹配尾节点BestEndN为尾节点回 溯完成当前轨迹段的匹配过程,并进入步骤S303;
S303、根据当前匹配轨迹段回溯结果,输出从GPS轨迹点vp(Lastp)到GPS轨迹点vp(Pnow)中各GPS轨迹点的匹配结果,并分别清空所有已修改路网节点集NList中涉及路网节点各途径连接线集SPvia、路径物理成本集SPcost、局部截断成本集LOCcost、GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost、局部轨迹增量集Padd、对应轨迹标号集ValidN以及端点出发截断成本集StartCut;
S304、判断起始节点Startp是否大于终止节点Endp,若是,则当前出行GPS轨迹点全部匹配结束,并汇总输出匹配结果统计表,并进入步骤S4,否则,起始节点Startp小于终止节点Endp,并进入步骤S4;
S4、根据所述匹配结果统计表,判断匹配中途是否存在由地图匹配工作循环引起的中断点,若是,则输出首点vp(1)至中断点vp(s)的匹配结果,并返回步骤S2,否则,完成快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图的匹配,其实现方法如下:
S401、根据所述匹配结果统计表,判断匹配中途是否存在由地图匹配工作循环引起的中断点,若是,则进入步骤S402,否则,完成快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图的匹配;
S402、输出首点vp(1)至中断点vp(s)的匹配结果,并从中断点vp(s)到末点vp(k)执行步骤S2至S3,直至完成全部车载GPS轨迹点的匹配。
本实施例中,对西安市2020年1月11日期间使用“GPSkit”人工采集GPS轨迹数据(234公里,26段轨迹,10445轨迹点)进行匹配校验,如图2所示,图2为实验数据分布地图。
本实施例中,其他6种对比轨迹匹配方法包括,4种步进式匹配算法:STM,基于时空分析的匹配算法;HMM,隐式马尔科夫匹配算法;MDP,多准则动态规划匹配算法;LBMM,基于轨迹局部特征的匹配算法;2种分段式匹配算法:SMRI,基于MRI系统的分段匹配算法;SRF,基于轨迹特征的分段匹配算法,如表1和表2所示,表1为匹配精度对比表同,表2为匹配速度对比表,其中精度计算方式为正确匹配点数量与全部轨迹点数量之比;速度计算方式为每一千个轨迹点所需匹配时间(秒)的以10为底对数值。
表1
Figure PCTCN2021101240-appb-000001
表2
Figure PCTCN2021101240-appb-000002
本实施例中,本发明基于“路径搜索-轨迹点空间加权”逻辑的匹配算法,算法实现了以“路径搜索导向的轨迹点匹配逻辑”替代了传统的“轨迹点导向的路径搜索逻辑”,避免了传统匹配逻辑中繁复低效的地图数据调用过程,极大提升了地图匹配工作效率。实验表明,当GPS采样间隔为2秒时,与传统步进式匹配方法相比,本方法可提升匹配速度10的4次方倍数量级,与先进的分段式匹配方法相比,本方法提升匹配速度也在10的2次方倍数量级,且当采样间隔小于20秒时,与其他地图匹配算法相比具备最佳的匹配精度。可广泛应用于车载导航、移动位置应用服务、普适计算及城市交通系统分析规划管理领域。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图匹配的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    S1、获取任一车辆的GPS经过的若干个GPS轨迹点,并对所述若干个GPS轨迹点进行初始化操作,得到有效GPS轨迹点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)};
    S2、在所述有效GPS轨迹点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)}中,以首点vp(1)至末点vp(k)建立地图匹配工作循环,并根据所述地图匹配工作循环,利用以GPS轨迹点导向的最短路径搜索算法得到首点vp(1)至末点vp(k)的最佳地图匹配路径;
    S3、由末点vp(k)回溯所述最佳地图匹配路径,遍历获取沿途各GPS轨迹点的最佳匹配结果,并汇总输出匹配结果统计表;
    S4、根据所述匹配结果统计表,判断匹配中途是否存在由地图匹配工作循环引起的中断点,若是,则输出首点vp(1)至中断点vp(s)的匹配结果,并返回步骤S2,否则,完成快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图的匹配。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图匹配的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1包括以下步骤:
    S101、获取任一车辆的GPS经过的若干个GPS轨迹点;
    S102、将所述若干个GPS轨迹点分离为分段集合Trip(a)={T1,T2,…,Ta,…,Tn},其中,Ta表示一个分段,且所述Ta分段内包括多个GPS轨迹点,Tn表示总分段数;
    S103、从分段Ta内的多个GPS轨迹点{p(1),p(2),…,p(i),…,p(n)}中任选一个GPS轨迹点p(i)作为当前GPS轨迹点,其中,p(n)表示总的GPS轨迹点;
    S104、判断所述当前GPS轨迹点p(i)至p(i+1)的直线速度是否大于300km/h,若是,则剔除当前GPS轨迹点p(i),转入下一个GPS轨迹点p(i+1),并重复步骤S104,否则,进入步骤S105;或
    判断所述当前GPS轨迹点p(i)与p(i+1)的间隔时间是否小于等于0,若是,则剔除当前GPS轨迹点p(i),转入下一个GPS轨迹点p(i+1),并重复步骤S104,否则,进入步骤S105;
    S105、设当前GPS轨迹点的上一累计行驶距离变量为p(i).lastD;
    S106、判断所述p(i).lastD是否小于20米,若是,则计算得到GPS轨迹点p(i-1)至p(i)的距离,并剔除GPS轨迹点p(i),并进入步骤S107,否则,所述p(i).lastD大于20米,并将当前GPS轨迹点p(i)=vp(l)纳入所述有效节点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)},并进入步骤S107;
    S107、判断分段Ta内是否所有的GPS轨迹点均被作为当前GPS轨迹点,若是,则建立有效GPS轨迹点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)},并获取所述GPS轨迹点列表VP={vp (1),vp(2),…,vp(k)}中各GPS轨迹点k在地图数据中的待匹配邻近连接线集合NearL(k),并初始化匹配结果变量Match(k)=-1,最佳匹配权重MatchW(k)=10000,完成有效GPS轨迹点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)}的建立,并进入步骤S2,否则,返回步骤S101。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图匹配的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2包括以下步骤:
    S201、在所述有效GPS轨迹点列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)}中,以首点vp(1)至末点vp(k)建立地图匹配工作循环;
    S202、根据所述地图匹配工作循环,设有效GPS列表VP={vp(1),vp(2),…,vp(k)}的起始节点为Startp,终止节点为Endp;
    S203、判断所述起始节点Startp是否小于等于终止节点Endp,若是,则进入步骤S204,否则,起始节点Startp是否大于终止节点Endp,完成GPS轨迹的全部匹配,得到首点vp(1)至末点vp(k)的最佳地图匹配路径,并进入步骤S3;
    S204、利用以GPS轨迹点导向的最短路径搜索算法搜索起始节点Startp至终止节点Endp的最短路径,并判断最短路径搜索的迭代过程是否结束,若是,则获取备选路径,并进入步骤S3,否则,重复步骤S204,直至最短路径搜索迭代完成。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图匹配的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S204包括以下步骤:
    S2041、对所述起始节点Startp进行匹配变量初始化处理,所述匹配变量包括上一起始节点Lastp等于起始节点Startp、当前最远匹配节点Pnow、已修改路网节点集NList、搜索打开节点集OpenL、对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL、搜索结束路网节点集CloseL以及起点邻近路网连接线集NearL(Startp);
    S2042、对所述起点邻近路网连接线集NearL(Startp)中各连接线建立地图匹配工作循环;
    S2043、判断各连接线是否满足出发条件,若是,则将各连接线的对应端点纳入所述搜索打开节点集OpenL,并分别更新所述对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL、已修改路网节点集NList以及更新各连接线对应前向搜索端点s的搜索属性集Search(s),且当循环结束时,所述搜索打开节点集OpenL不为空集,进入步骤S2044;否则,对所述起始节点Startp选取邻近匹配值最大的连接线作为该点匹配结果,并更新起始节点Startp等于起始节点Startp+1,并返回步骤S202,其中,所述端点搜索属性集Search(s)包括端点出发截断成本集StartCut(s)、路径物理成本集SPcost(s)、局部截断成本集LOCcost(s)、GPS轨迹 点加权成本集PWcost(s)、对应轨迹标号集ValidN(s)、局部轨迹增量集Padd(s)以及途径连接线集SPvia(s);
    S2044、对所述搜索打开节点集OpenL中各路网搜索前向搜索端点s建立迭代,并判断所述迭代的结束要条件是否为搜索打开节点集OpenL已为空集,若是,则获取备选路径,并进入步骤S3,否则,进入步骤S2045;
    S2045、选取所述搜索打开节点集OpenL中首个前向搜索端点s开展搜索,分别获取对应轨迹标号ValidN(s)以及前向搜索端点s的对应搜索前进参考变量OpenValueL值OpenValueL.begin,并判断所述对应轨迹标号ValidN(s)是否大于起始节点Startp-1,若是,则从搜索打开节点集OpenL以及对应前向搜索端点s的首个对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL中剔除前向搜索端点s及其对应的前进变量HeadDist,并进入步骤S2046,否则,进入步骤S2048;
    S2046、若所述对应轨迹标号ValidN(s)小于终止节点Endp,且所述对应轨迹标号ValidN(s)小于当前最远匹配节点Pnow,则计算得到前进判断距离Jdist,并进入步骤S2047;或若所述对应轨迹标号ValidN(s)小于终止节点Endp,且所述局部轨迹增量Padd(s)=0,则计算得到前进判断距离Jdis,并进入步骤S2047;
    S2047、判断前向搜索端点s的对应搜索前进参考变量的值OpenValueL(s)是否大于2*前进判断距离Jdist,且前进判断距离Jdist大于200米,若是,则返回步骤S2045,否则,进入步骤S2048;或
    判断所述前向搜索端点s的对应搜索前进参考变量的值OpenValueL(s)是否大于400米且前进判断距离Jdist小于等于200米,若是,则返回步骤S2045,否则,进入步骤S2048;
    S2048、对当前搜索前向搜索端点s各前向连接线集合ForwardL建立循环,并提取所述前向连接线u及下一路网节点n(u),当途径连接线集SPvia(s)不为空集时,若前向搜索端点s途径连接线集SPvia(s)的最后一个元素SPvia(s).last等于连接线u时,跳至前向连接线集合ForwardL下一连接线,并继续计算连接线u与GPS轨迹点vp(ValidN(s))运动方向夹角MoveAng(u);
    S2049、判断所述运动方向夹角MoveAng(u)是否大于等于100度,若是,则跳至前向连接线集合ForwardL中下一连接线u,并返回步骤S2048,否则,将连接线u按运动方向夹角MoveAng(u)从小到大顺序插入拓展连线集NextL,并在循环结束后进入步骤S20410;
    S20410、对拓展连线集NextL中元素建立前向搜索循环,提取前向连接线u及下一路网节点n(u),并初始化局部GPS轨迹点加权变量PWac=0、已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow=对应轨迹标号ValidN(s)、局部增量匹配点数AddN=0以及掉头指示变量TurnIndi=false;
    S20411、当已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow小于终止节点Endp时,初始化迭代指示变量Indi=true,并建立前向轨迹匹配增益,判断迭代结束条件是否为迭代指示变量Indi=false,若是,则进入步骤S20412,否则,进入步骤S20415;
    S20412、令已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow为已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow+1,在GPS轨迹点vp(Sernow)邻近连线集NearL(Sernow)中搜索连接线u,并判断连接线u是否不在GPS轨迹点vp(Sernow)邻近连线集NearL(Sernow)中,若是,则进入步骤S20413,否则,连接线u在GPS轨迹点vp(Sernow)邻近连线集NearL(Sernow)中,并进入步骤S20414;或
    令已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow为已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow+1,在GPS轨迹点vp(Sernow)邻近连线集NearL(Sernow)中搜索连接线u,并判断已匹配GPS轨迹点序号Sernow等于终止节点Endp时,迭代结束条件是否为迭代指示变量Indi=false,若是,则进入步骤S20413,否则,连接线u在GPS轨迹点vp(Sernow)邻近连线集NearL(Sernow)中,并进入步骤S20414;
    S20413、判断局部增量匹配点数AddN是否等于0,若是,则进入步骤S20415,否则,则局部增量匹配点数AddN大于0,并进入步骤S20416;
    S20414、分别令局部增量匹配点数AddN为局部增量匹配点数AddN+1,以及计算得到局部GPS轨迹点加权变量PWac,且若GPS轨迹点存在掉头,则掉头指示变量TurnIndi=true,迭代指示变量Indi=false;当局部增量匹配点数AddN=0,则进入步骤S20415;并判断局部增量匹配点数AddND是否大于0,若是,则进入步骤S24021,否则,返回步骤S20412;其中,所述局部GPS轨迹点加权变量PWac的表达式如下:
    PWac=PWac+(Sernow).Weight(u)
    式中,PWac表示局部GPS轨迹点加权变量,vp(Sernow).Weight(u)表示GPS轨迹点vp;
    S20415、当前向搜索端点s大于起始节点Startp时,判断连接线u的前向端点n(u)的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(n(u))集合是否为空集,若是,则进入步骤S20416,否则,进入步骤S20417;
    S20416、计算得到局部搜索成本Costnow,并在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部截断成本集LOCcost(n(u))末尾插入元素局部搜索成本Costnow,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的途径连接线集SPvia(n(u))末尾插入连接线u,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部轨迹增量集Padd(n(u))末尾插入元素0,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的路径物理成本集SPcost(n(u))末尾插入元素,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost (n(u))末尾插入元素,在已修改路网节点集NList末尾插入n(u),并进入步骤S20419,其中,所述局部搜索成本Costnow的表达式如下:
    Costnow=LOCcost(s).last+Length(u)
    式中,LOCcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s局部截断成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度;
    S20417、判断连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last是否等于前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last,若是,则进入步骤S20418,否则,连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last小于前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last,并进入步骤S20419;
    S20418、根据连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last计算得到匹配路径成本Cost1,以及根据计算得到连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last,若匹配路径成本Cost1小于匹配路径成本Cost2,则计算得到连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部截断成本集的最后一个元素LOCcost(n(u)).last,并令连接线u的前向端点n(u)途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(n(u)).last等于连接线u,令连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部轨迹增量集的最后一个元素Padd(n(u)).last=0,以及计算得到连接线u的前向端点n(u)路径物理成本集最后一个元素SPcost(n(u)).last以及令连接线u的前向端点n(u)GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(n(u)).last等于前向搜索端点s的GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(s).last,并进入步骤S20420,其中,所述匹配路径成本Cost的表达式如下:
    Cost1=SPcost(s).last+Length(u)+PWcost(s).last
    式中,SPcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度,PWcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s的GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素;
    所述匹配路径成本Cost2的表达式如下:
    Cost2=SPcost(n(u)).last+PWcost(n(u)).last
    式中,SPcost(n(u)).last表示连接线u的前向端点n(u)路径物理成本集最后一个元素,PWcost(n(u)).last表示连接线u的前向端点n(u)GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素;
    所述连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部截断成本集的最后一个元素LOCcost(n(u)).las的表达式如下:
    LOCcost(n(u)).last=LOCcost(s).last+Length(u)
    式中,LOCcost(s).last表示,前向搜索端点s局部截断成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度;
    SPcost(n(u)).last=SPcost(s).last+Length(u)
    式中,SPcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度;
    S20419、根据前向搜索端点s局部截断成本集的最后一个元素LOCcost(s).last以及连接线u的长度Length(u)计算得到前进变量HeadDist,并分别在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部截断成本集LOCcost(n(u))末尾插入前进变量HeadDist,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的途径连接线集SPvia(n(u))末尾插入连接线u,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部轨迹增量集Padd(n(u))末尾插入0,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(n(u))末尾插入前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的路径物理成本集SPcost(n(u))末尾插入前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素SPcost(s).last以及连接线u的长度Length(u),在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(n(u))末尾插入连接线u的前向端点n(u)GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(s).last,并进入步骤S20425;其中,所述前进变量HeadDist的表达式如下:
    HeadDist=LOCcost(s).last+Length(u)
    式中,LOCcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s局部截断成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度;
    S20420、根据所述前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last计算得到当前匹配GPS轨迹点进度Mnow,并判断连接线u的前向端点n(u)的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(n(u))集合是否为空集,若是,则进入步骤S20421,否则,进入步骤S20422;其中,所述当前匹配GPS轨迹点进度Mnow的表达式如下:
    Mnow=ValidN(s).last+AddN
    式中,ValidN(s).last表示前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素,AddN表示局部增量匹配点数;
    S20421、计算得到局部搜索成本Costnow以及令前向变量HeadDist为GPS轨迹点vp(Mnow)和连接线u的前向端点n(u)的欧式距离Euc(vp(Mnow),n(u)),并分别在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部截断成本集LOCcost(n(u))末尾插入前进变量HeadDist,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的途径连接线集SPvia(n(u))末尾插连接线u,在连接线u 的前向端点n(u)的局部轨迹增量集Padd(n(u))末尾插入局部增量匹配点数AddN,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(n(u))末尾插入当前匹配GPS轨迹点进度Mnow,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的路径物理成本集SPcost(n(u))末尾插入前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素SPcost(s).last+局部搜索成本Costnow,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(n(u))末尾插入前向搜索端点s的GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(s).last+局部GPS轨迹点加权变量PWac以及在已修改路网节点集NList末尾插入n(u),并进入步骤S0425,其中,所述局部搜索成本Costnow的表达式如下:
    Costnow=Length(u)-StartCut(s).last
    式中,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度,StartCut(s).last表示前向搜索端点s出发截断成本集最后一个元素;
    S20422、判断连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last是否等于前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last,若是,则进入步骤S20423,否则,连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last小于当前匹配GPS轨迹点进度Mnow,并进入步骤S20424;
    S20423、分别计算得到匹配路径成本Cost1以及匹配路径成本Cost2,若匹配路径成本Cost1小于匹配路径成本Cost2,则令前进变量HeadDist等于GPS轨迹点vp(Mnow)和n(u)的欧式距离Euc(vp(Mnow),n(u)),令连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部截断成本集的最后一个元素LOCcost(n(u)).last为前进变量HeadDist,令连接线u的前向端点n(u)途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(n(u)).last为连接线u,令连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部轨迹增量集的最后一个元素Padd(n(u)).last为局部增量匹配点数AddN,以及分别计算得到连接线u的前向端点n(u)路径物理成本集最后一个元素SPcost(n(u)).last以及连接线u的前向端点n(u)GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(n(u)).las,并进入步骤S20428;其中,所述匹配路径成本的表达式如下:
    Cost1=SPcost(s).last+Length(u)+PWcost(s).last+StartCut(s).last
    式中,SPcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度,PWcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s的GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素,StartCut(s).last表示局部GPS轨迹点加权变量PWac-前向搜索端点s出发截断成本集最后一个元素;
    所述匹配路径成本Cost2的表达式如下:
    Cost2=SPcost(n(u)).last+PWcost(n(u)).last
    式中,SPcost(n(u)).las表示连接线u的前向端点n(u)路径物理成本集最后一个元素,PWcost(n(u)).last表示连接线u的前向端点n(u)GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素;
    所述连接线u的前向端点n(u)路径物理成本集最后一个元素SPcost(n(u)).last的表达式如下:
    SPcost(n(u)).last=SPcost(s).last+Length(u)+StartCut(s).last
    式中,SPcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度,StartCut(s).last表示前向搜索端点s出发截断成本集最后一个元素;
    所述连接线u的前向端点n(u)GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(n(u)).last的表达式如下:
    PWcost(n(u)).last=PWcost(s).last+PWac
    式中,PWcost(s).last表示前向搜索端点s的GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素,PWac表示局部GPS轨迹点加权变量;
    S20424、执行前进变量HeadDist为GPS轨迹点vp(Mnow)和连接线u的前向端点n(u)的欧式距离Euc(vp(Mnow),n(u)),并计算得到局部搜索成本Costnow,以及在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部截断成本集LOCcost(n(u))末尾插入前进变量HeadDist,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的途径连接线集SPvia(n(u))末尾插入连接线u,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的局部轨迹增量集Padd(n(u))末尾插入局部增量匹配点数AddN,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(n(u))末尾插入当前匹配GPS轨迹点进度Mnow,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的路径物理成本集SPcost(n(u))末尾插入前向搜索端点s路径物理成本集的最后一个元素SPcost(s).last以及局部搜索成本Costnow,在连接线u的前向端点n(u)的GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(n(u))末尾插入前向搜索端点s的GPS轨迹点加权成本集的最后一个元素PWcost(s).last以及局部GPS轨迹点加权变量PWac,并进入步骤S20428;其中,所述局部搜索成本Costnow的表达式如下:
    Costnow=Length(u)-StartCut(s).last
    式中,Length(u)表示连接线u的长度,StartCut(s).last表示前向搜索端点s出发截断成本集最后一个元素;
    S20425、当前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last小于终止节点Endp时,在搜索结束路网节点集CloseL中剔除前向搜索端点s,并计算得到前进变量HeadDist(n(u)),若搜索打开节点集OpenL中有连接线u的前向端点n(u),则剔除该元 素,并判断前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last是否等于当前最远匹配节点Pnow,若是,则进入步骤S20426,否则,连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last小于当前最远匹配节点Pnow,并进入步骤S20427;其中,前进变量HeadDist(n(u))的表达式如下:
    HeadDist(n(u))=Euc(vp(ValidN(s).last+1),n(u)+LOCcost(n(u)).last)
    式中,Euc(vp(ValidN(s).last+1),n(u)表示GPS轨迹点vp(ValidN(s).last和连接线u的前向端点n(u)的欧式距离,LOCcost(n(u)).last)表示连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部截断成本集的最后一个元素;
    S20426、在搜索打开节点集OpenL起始位置插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),在对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL起始位置插入前进变量HeadDist(n(u)),在搜索结束路网节点集CloseL中插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),并返回步骤S2044;
    S20427、在搜索打开节点集OpenL末尾位置插入n(u),在对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL末尾位置插入前进变量HeadDist(n(u)),当前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last等于终止节点Endp时,若连接线u在GPS轨迹点vp(Endp)邻近连线集NearL(Endp)中,则在搜索结束路网节点集CloseL中剔除前向搜索端点s,在搜索打开节点集OpenL起始位置插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),在对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL起始位置插入0以及在搜索结束路网节点集CloseL插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),并返回步骤S2043;
    S20428、当连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last小于终止节点Endp时,计算前进变量HeadDist(n(u))等于GPS轨迹点vp(ValidN(s).last和n(u)的欧式距离Euc(vp(ValidN(n(u)).last+1)以及连接线u的前向端点n(u))和连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部截断成本集的最后一个元素LOCcost(n(u)).last,若搜索打开节点集OpenL中有连接线u的前向端点n(u),则剔除连接线u的前向端点n(u),并判断连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last是否大等于当前最远匹配节点Pnow,若是,则进入步骤S20429,否则,进入步骤S20430;其中,所述前进变量HeadDist(n(u))的表达式如下:
    HeadDist(n(u))=(vp(ValidN(n(u)).last+1)+LOCcost(n(u)).last
    式中,Euc(vp(ValidN(n(u)).last+1)表示GPS轨迹点vp(ValidN(s).last和n(u)的欧式距离Euc,LOCcost(n(u)).last表示连接线u的前向端点n(u))和连接线u的前向端点n(u)局部截断成本集的最后一个元素;
    S20429、在搜索打开节点集OpenL起始位置插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),在对应搜 索前进参考变量集OpenValueL起始位置插入前进变量HeadDist(n(u)),并返回步骤S2044;
    S20430、判断连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last是否大于当前最远匹配节点Pnow,若是,则进入步骤S20431,否则,连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last小于当前最远匹配节点Pnow,并进入步骤S20432;
    S20431、更新当前最远匹配节点Pnow为连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last,并清空搜索结束路网节点集CloseL集合,插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),并返回步骤S2044;
    S20432、在搜索打开节点集OpenL末尾位置插入连接线u的前向端点n(u),在对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL末尾位置插入前进变量HeadDist(n(u)),当连接线u的前向端点n(u)对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(n(u)).last等于终止节点Endp时,若连接线u在GPS轨迹点vp(Endp)邻近连线集NearL(Endp)中,在搜索打开节点集OpenL起始位置插入n(u),在对应搜索前进参考变量集OpenValueL起始位置插入0,并返回步骤S2043。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图匹配的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3包括以下步骤:
    S301、由末点vp(k)回溯所述最佳匹配路径,遍历获取沿途各GPS轨迹点,并根据沿途GPS轨迹点,获取搜索结束路网节点集CloseL各元素,遍历所述搜索结束路网节点集CloseL选择一最优元素作为匹配路径回溯点;
    S302、根据所述匹配路径回溯点,以最优匹配尾节点BestEndN为尾节点回溯完成当前轨迹段匹配过程;
    S303、根据当前匹配轨迹段回溯结果,输出从GPS轨迹点vp(Lastp)到GPS轨迹点vp(Pnow)中各GPS轨迹点的匹配结果,并分别清空所有已修改路网节点集NList中涉及路网节点各途径连接线集SPvia、路径物理成本集SPcost、局部截断成本集LOCcost、GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost、局部轨迹增量集Padd、对应轨迹标号集ValidN以及端点出发截断成本集StartCut;
    S304、判断起始节点Startp是否大于终止节点Endp,若是,则当前出行GPS轨迹点全部匹配结束,并汇总输出匹配结果统计表,并进入步骤S4,否则,起始节点Startp小于终止节点Endp,并进入步骤S4。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图匹配的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S301包括以下步骤:
    S3011、由末点vp(k)回溯所述最佳匹配路径,遍历获取沿途各GPS轨迹点,并根据沿途GPS轨迹点,获取搜索结束路网节点集CloseL各元素;
    S3012、对所述搜索结束路网节点集CloseL中各元素道路节点建立循环,并初始化最小总路径加权成本MinCost等于100000,当节点对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last等于当前最远匹配节点Pnow时,建立最优局部路径终点搜索迭代m=false,以及初始化当前搜索路网节点CrtN为前向搜索端点s,当途径连接线集SPvia(s)不为空集,且前向搜索端点s对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(s).last等于当前最远匹配节点Pnow时,以及途径连接线集SPvia(s)仅存在一个元素,则检查是否陷入回溯端点死循环,若是,则终止迭代进入搜索结束路网节点集CloseL中下一元素,并进入步骤S3013,否则,进入步骤S3015;
    S3013、检查当前最远匹配节点Pnow附近是否存在前向搜索端点s途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(s).last,若是,则找到局部最优终点,并进入步骤S3015,否则,进入步骤S3014;
    S3014、若前向搜索端点s途径连接线集的元素数量SPvia(s).size大于1,则分别在途径连接线集SPvia(s)、对应轨迹标号集ValidN(s)、局部轨迹增量集Padd(s)、路径物理成本集SPcost(s)以及GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(s)中剔除最后一个元素,并令路径回溯端点CrtEndN等于前向搜索端点s途径连接线集的最后一个元素的尾点SPvia(s).last.tail,并返回步骤S3012;或
    若前向搜索端点s为轨迹匹配段落起点,则分别在途径连接线集SPvia(s)、对应轨迹标号集ValidN(s)、局部轨迹增量集Padd(s)、路径物理成本集SPcost(s)以及GPS轨迹点加权成本集PWcost(s)中剔除最后一个元素,并令路径回溯端点CrtEndN等于前向搜索端点s途径连接线集的最后一个元素的尾点SPvia(s).last.tail,并返回步骤S3012;
    S3015、根据找到的路径回溯端点CrtEndN及所属连接线路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(CrtN).last,计算得到路径总成本TotalCos,并判断所述路径总成本TotalCost是否小于最小总路径加权成本MinCost,若是,则更新最小总路径加权成本MinCost等于路径总成本TotalCost以及最佳匹配尾节点BestEndN等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN,进入下一备选尾节点,并返回步骤S3011,否则,遍历完搜索结束路网节点集CloseL,选择一最优元素作为匹配路径回溯点,并进入步骤S302;其中,路径总成本TotalCost的表达式如下:
    TotalCost=SPcost(CrtN)+PWcost(CrtN)+Euc(vp(Pnow),CrtN)
    式中,SPcost(CrtN)表示路径回溯端点CrtEndN的路径物理成本集,PWcost(CrtN) 表示路径回溯端点CrtEndN的GPS轨迹点加权成本集,Euc(vp(Pnow),CrtN)表示GPS轨迹点vp(Pnow)和路径回溯端点CrtEndN的欧式距离。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图匹配的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S302包括以下步骤:
    S3021、更新起始节点Startp为当前最远匹配节点Pnow+1,并分别初始化当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP等于当前最远匹配节点Pnow、当前回溯尾节点CrtEndN等于最佳匹配尾节点BestEndN以及回溯指示变量BackCk等于端点BestEndN途径连接线集的元素数量SPvia(BestEndN).size,建立回溯迭代,并判断回溯迭代的回溯指示变量BackCk是否等于1,若是,则进入步骤S3022,否则,回溯迭代的回溯指示变量BackCk大于1,并进入步骤S3023;
    S3022、检查是否已回溯到路网路径起点,若是,则直接终止迭代,并进入步骤S3023,否则,返回步骤S3021;
    S3023、建立从当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP到上一起始节点Lastp的逆序循环k;
    S3024、当匹配结果变量Match(k)等于-1时,若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).last在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,则更新匹配结果变量Match(k)等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).last,最优匹配权重MatchW(k)等于节点k匹配连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(Match(k));以及
    当匹配结果变量Match(k)大于-1时,若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).last在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,且轨迹点vp(k)对应该连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(SPvia(CrtEndN).last)小于最佳匹配权重MatchW(k),则匹配结果变量Match(k)为路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).last,最佳匹配权重MatchW(k)为节点k匹配连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(Match(k)),若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的最后一个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).last不在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,且路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的最后一个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).last小于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP为当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP-1;
    S3025、令k为k-1,并继续循环,若判断循环是否结束,若是,则进入步骤S3026,否则,返回步骤S3024;
    S3026、建立从回溯指示变量BackCk到1的逆序循环t;
    S3027、若路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的第t个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t)大于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则剔除路径回溯端点CrtEndN的途径连接线集SPvia (CrtEndN)以及路径回溯端点CrtEndN的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(CrtEndN)集合中的最后一个元素,更新回溯指示变量BackCk等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的元素数量SPvia(CrtEndN).size,并继续循环下一元素t-1;以及
    若路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的第t个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t)大于等于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则建立从当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP到上一起始节点Lastp的逆序循环k,当匹配结果变量Match(k)等于-1时,且路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,则更新匹配结果变量Match(k)等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t),最佳匹配权重MatchW(k)等于节点k匹配连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(Match(k));当匹配结果变量Match(k)大于-1时,若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,且轨迹点vp(k)对应该连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t))小于最佳匹配权重MatchW(k),则使匹配结果变量Match(k)等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t),最佳匹配权重MatchW(k)等于节点k匹配连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(Match(k)),若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)不在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,且路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的第t个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t)小于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则使当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP为当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP-1;
    S3028、令k为k-1,继续循环,并判断循环是否结束,若是,则进入步骤S3029,否则,返回步骤S3027;
    S3029、建立从回溯指示变量BackCk到1的逆序循环t;
    S30210、若路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的第t个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t)大于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则剔除路径回溯端点CrtEndN的途径连接线集SPvia(CrtEndN)以及路径回溯端点CrtEndN的对应轨迹标号集ValidN(CrtEndN)集合的最后一个元素,并更新回溯指示变量BackCk等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的元素数量SPvia(CrtEndN).size,并继续循环下一个元素t-1;以及
    若路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的第t个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t)大于等于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则建立从当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP到上一起始节点Lastp的逆序循环k,当匹配结果变量Match(k)等于-1时,若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,则使更新匹配结果变量Match(k)等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at (t),最佳匹配权重MatchW(k)等于节点k匹配连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(Match(k));
    若匹配结果变量Match(k)大于-1时,若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,且若vp(k).Weight(SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t))小于最佳匹配权重MatchW(k),则使匹配结果变量Match(k)等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t),最佳匹配权重MatchW(k)等于节点k匹配连接线的匹配权重vp(k).Weight(Match(k)),若路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的第t个元素SPvia(CrtEndN).at(t)不在邻近连线集NearL(k)中,且若路径回溯端点CrtEndN对应轨迹标号集的第t个元素ValidN(CrtEndN).at(t)小于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP时,则使当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP等于当前回溯GPS轨迹点CrtP-1;
    S30211、令k为k-1,并继续循环,判断循环是否结束,若是,则进入步骤S30212,否则,返回步骤S30210;
    S30212、更新路径回溯端点CrtEndN等于其途径连接线集的最后一个元素的尾节点SPvia(CrtEndN).last.tail,以及更新回溯指示变量BackCk等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN途径连接线集的元素数量SPvia(CrtEndN).size;
    S30213、设置临时点TempN等于SPvia(CrtEndN).last.tail,若SPvia(CrtEndN).size大于1,剔除路径回溯端点CrtEndN的途径连接线集SPvia(CrtEndN)、轨迹标号集ValidN(CrtEndN)的最后一个元素,更新当前回溯尾节点CrtEndN等于临时点TempN,回溯指示变量BackCk等于路径回溯端点CrtEndN的途径连接线集包含元素数目SPvia(CrtEndN).size,结束循环t;
    S30214、判断是否迭代结束,若是,则返回步骤S3023,否则,进入步骤S30215;
    S30215、继续迭代,并判断回溯指示变量BackCk是否等于1,若是,则返回步骤S3023,否则,进入步骤S30216;
    S30216、判断回溯指示变量BackCk是否大于1,若是,则返回步骤S3023,否则,回溯指示变量BackCk是否等于0,迭代结束,从而实现以最优匹配尾节点BestEndN为尾节点回溯完成当前轨迹段的匹配过程,并进入步骤S303。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图匹配的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S4包括以下步骤:
    S401、根据所述匹配结果统计表,判断匹配中途是否存在由地图匹配工作循环引起的中断点,若是,则进入步骤S402,否则,完成快速车载GPS轨迹精确地图的匹配;
    S402、输出首点vp(1)至中断点vp(s)的匹配结果,并从中断点vp(s)到末点vp(k)执行步骤S2至S3,直至完成全部车载GPS轨迹点的匹配。
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