WO2022145581A1 - 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 장치 및 방법 - Google Patents
전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 장치 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022145581A1 WO2022145581A1 PCT/KR2021/004316 KR2021004316W WO2022145581A1 WO 2022145581 A1 WO2022145581 A1 WO 2022145581A1 KR 2021004316 W KR2021004316 W KR 2021004316W WO 2022145581 A1 WO2022145581 A1 WO 2022145581A1
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- charging
- current
- discharging
- series
- power supply
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- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 362
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 233
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0018—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using separate charge circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/04—Constant-current supply systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
- H02J1/102—Parallel operation of dc sources being switching converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
- H02J1/106—Parallel operation of dc sources for load balancing, symmetrisation, or sharing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for charging and discharging a plurality of secondary batteries in series to one bidirectional main charge/discharge power supply.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a series-type charging/discharging method and apparatus without interruption of current configured to continuously charge/discharge according to a predetermined recipe without intermittent (on/off) of the charging/discharging current of the discharging power supply.
- Secondary batteries (a generic term for batteries that repeatedly use charging and discharging, such as lithium batteries) are charged and discharged according to a predetermined recipe (electrical conditions for charging and discharging, etc.) during manufacturing and use.
- the secondary battery has a characteristic that the voltage and current vary according to the amount of charge and discharge power.
- a typical charging recipe first, when a constant current is charged with a predetermined current, the voltage of the battery rises gradually and reaches a predetermined set voltage (or maximum voltage), and then the charging current is gradually decreased while maintaining the predetermined set voltage. When the set current (or cut-off current) is reached, the charging process is finished.
- a battery with a large battery capacity of the secondary battery has little voltage fluctuation even when charging and discharging with the same current. There is a problem that charging and discharging is impossible.
- the voltage and current sensors of devices that charge and discharge a plurality of secondary batteries in series use high-spec (generally expensive) sensors and periodically calibrate them.
- the safety issue of the secondary battery charging/discharging device is very important, and the function to detect major risk factors in real time is very important in terms of device safety.
- Secondary battery charging and discharging devices are usually unmanned and automated facilities, and operation programs need to be improved or upgraded when necessary. There is a problem.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to connect a plurality of secondary batteries in series to perform charging and discharging without interruption (on/off) of the charging/discharging current of the battery with one bidirectional main charging/discharging power supply.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a series-type charging/discharging method and apparatus that is automatically controlled without interruption of current, which can reduce the number of units to one, thereby reducing facility costs and operating costs.
- Another problem to be solved by the present invention is to connect a plurality of secondary batteries in series to perform charging and discharging without interruption (on/off) of the charging/discharging current of the battery with one bidirectional main charging/discharging power supply.
- Another problem to be solved by the present invention is to connect a plurality of secondary batteries in series to perform charging and discharging without interruption (on/off) of the charging/discharging current of the battery with one bidirectional main charging/discharging power supply device,
- An object of the present invention is to provide a series-type charging/discharging method and apparatus that is automatically controlled without interruption of current, configured to correct a capacity difference between the individual batteries by adding an auxiliary charging power supply device in parallel to each of a plurality of individual batteries connected to each other.
- the auxiliary charging power supply for the purpose of correcting the capacity difference between individual batteries uses a DC grid power source or a separate external power source, which is the input terminal of the main charger/discharger, as an input, and outputs the voltage of the individual batteries as an output. It is to provide a series-type charging/discharging method and apparatus which is composed of an insulated unidirectional direct current converter (DC-DC converter) and is automatically controlled without interruption of current.
- DC-DC converter insulated unidirectional direct current converter
- An object of the present invention is to provide a series-type charging/discharging method and apparatus that is automatically controlled without interruption of current that can reduce manufacturing cost because it can be automatically calibrated.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a series-type charging/discharging method and apparatus in which current sensors can exhibit the same or similar characteristics as the performance of a high-spec current sensor.
- Another problem to be solved by the present invention is that a function of comparing the sum of the output voltage of the main charge/discharge power supply device and the voltage of individual cells in real time is added, so it is possible to check in real time the abnormal state of the contact part including the individual cells, so that heat is reduced.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a series-type charging/discharging method and device that can improve the safety of the charging/discharging power supply device in comparison to the existing method of determining the heat state because it is possible to preemptively prevent accidents by recognizing the expected potential difference in real time.
- Another problem to be solved by the present invention is to modify or upgrade the control program of the series-type charge/discharge device, without modifying or upgrading the program of the charge/discharge controller of the individual battery, and the number of main charge/discharge significantly less than the number of batteries
- An object of the present invention is to provide a serial charging/discharging method and device that greatly improves the easiness of post-management of equipment because only the controller of the power supply can modify the program or upgrade it through remote communication.
- a series-type charging/discharging method and apparatus without interruption of current configured to correct and discharge the charging/discharging current of the main charging/discharging power supply device continuously according to a predetermined charging/discharging recipe without interruption (on/off) is to provide
- the electrical input of the auxiliary charging power supply is composed of a DC grid power source, which is the input terminal of the main charging/discharging power unit, or is composed of one of separate DC and AC power, and the output is the voltage of the individual battery
- a series-type charging/discharging method and device without interruption of current configured to increase or decrease the voltage and current of individual cells as an auxiliary charging power supply comprising a separate controller including a microcontroller is to provide
- the voltage of the 'battery with the least capacity' is first set to a predetermined set voltage ( Or the maximum voltage, 4,200mV as an example of a lithium battery) is reached, and the main charge/discharge power supply performs constant voltage charging (according to a predetermined recipe for charging current) according to the 'battery with the smallest capacity', and has a capacity higher than this.
- a predetermined set voltage Or the maximum voltage, 4,200mV as an example of a lithium battery
- These other large batteries supplement the insufficient charging current with the auxiliary charging power supply according to a predetermined charging recipe, so that all individual batteries are charged according to the predetermined charging recipe without interruption of current (on/off).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a series-type charging/discharging method and apparatus.
- the auxiliary charging power supply for the purpose of correcting the capacity difference between individual batteries uses a DC grid power or a separate external power source, which is the input terminal of the main charger/discharger, as an input, and outputs the voltage of the individual batteries as an output.
- DC-DC converter insulated unidirectional direct current converter
- An object of the present invention is to provide a series-type charging/discharging method and apparatus without interruption configured to perform the function of
- the auxiliary charging power supply supplements the charging current of a battery with a large capacity in the charging process of the batteries connected in series, and supplements the discharging current of a battery with a small capacity in the discharging process
- This auxiliary charging power supply device is composed of a high-frequency switching power supply device, the control program provided according to the present invention is loaded in the memory, and the control program is executed with a microprocessor to precisely control the power loss while minimizing the power loss according to the present invention.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a series-type charging/discharging method and apparatus that is automatically controlled without intermittent current configured to perform a charging/discharging operation by being automatically controlled according to a charging/discharging recipe and/or a charging/discharging profile.
- the calibration of the current sensor of the charge/discharge power supply is configured to automatically and periodically perform precision calibration under a predetermined condition during the charging/discharging operation in accordance with the high-spec current sensor of the main charging/discharging power supply, and , the main charging/discharging power supply device is configured to precisely recognize the output voltage and current and at the same time charge/discharge while exchanging charge/discharge data with the microprocessor for controlling individual cells loaded with the control program according to the present invention, and the voltage values of the individual cells To provide a series-type charging/discharging method and device that is automatically controlled without interruption of the current configured to recognize that an abnormality has occurred in the series-type charging/discharging circuit when the difference between the sum of .
- the output voltage of the main charging/discharging power supply device should ideally be equal to the sum of the individual battery voltages or about a voltage drop at the contact (usually several mV or less per individual battery), but the battery contact or relay In the case of contact failure, when these voltage differences are detected over a set (predetermined) value, at this time, the operation of the equipment is stopped and a warning message is generated so that safety precautions can be taken.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a series-type charging/discharging method and apparatus that are automatically controlled without interruption of current.
- the secondary battery charging and discharging device usually handles a very large quantity (tens of thousands or more in the number of batteries), but it is not easy to modify or upgrade the operation program of the control device.
- the present invention is a current configured to easily perform program modification or upgrade through remote communication (eg, Ethernet, etc.) to the controller (one tenth of the number of batteries) of the main charging/discharging power supply device that controls the serial type charging/discharging device.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a series-type charging/discharging method and apparatus that is automatically controlled without interruption.
- the increased effect of reducing the equipment cost due to the simplification of equipment and the operating voltage of the main charge/discharge device is higher than the voltage of one battery
- the power conversion efficiency increases, which has an increased effect to reduce operating costs.
- Another effect of the present invention is an improvement required in a typical series-type charging/discharging device, and the intermittent (on/off) phenomenon of the main charging/discharging current according to the interruption of the relay switch and concerns about the measurement error of voltage and current resulting therefrom There is a beneficial effect that can be resolved.
- Another effect of the present invention is that in the charging/discharging process in which a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in series, there is no current separation between the batteries by a relay switch, etc. Since the output voltage change of the main charge/discharge power supply is small, the main charge/discharge power supply can operate only under a high operating efficiency condition, thereby improving power efficiency and reducing operating costs.
- Another effect of the present invention is to minimize power loss by mounting a control program designed and manufactured to be controlled according to the charging/discharging recipe and/or charging/discharging profile provided according to the present invention and configured to precisely control it with a microprocessor or the like that executes it. While charging and discharging are automatically controlled, there is an increased effect.
- Another effect of the present invention is to use a series charging/discharging method in which a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in series, so that the general specification current sensor of individual batteries can be automatically calibrated periodically in accordance with the high specification current sensor of the main charging/discharging power supply. By doing so, there is an increased effect of reducing the manufacturing cost.
- Another effect of the present invention is that a function of comparing the sum of the output voltage of the main charge/discharge power supply device and the voltage of individual cells in real time is added, so it is possible to check in real time whether there is an abnormality in the contact part including the individual cells, so that the existing heat generation state is restored.
- Another effect of the present invention is that, when modifying or upgrading the control program of the charge/discharge device, the number of controllers of the main charge/discharge power supply device is significantly smaller than the number of batteries without modifying or upgrading the program of the charge/discharge controller of individual batteries.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a series-type charging/discharging device without current interruption according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing the charging and discharging characteristics of a typical secondary battery.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating charging characteristics of a secondary battery having a difference in capacity according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating discharge characteristics of a secondary battery having a difference in capacity according to the present invention.
- the best mode for carrying out the present invention is a method and apparatus for charging and discharging a plurality of secondary batteries in series with one bidirectional main charge/discharge power supply, by adding an auxiliary charging power supply to the individual batteries in parallel to separate individual batteries.
- a series-type charging/discharging without interruption of current configured to correct the capacity difference of To provide a method and apparatus.
- the electrical input of the auxiliary charging power supply is composed of a DC grid power source, which is the input terminal of the main charging/discharging power supply unit, or is composed of one of separate DC and AC power, and the output is an individual battery It consists of an insulated unidirectional switch mode DC converter with a voltage of and to provide an apparatus.
- the present invention is a series-type charging/discharging method and apparatus without current interruption configured to connect a plurality of secondary batteries in series to perform charging/discharging with one bidirectional main charging/discharging power supply device.
- a plurality of individual batteries connected in series for charging and discharging in the bidirectional main charge/discharge power supply may have a difference in capacity, respectively. It is a series-type charging/discharging device and method without current interruption configured to be able to precisely control so that supplementation (correction) is possible by additionally installing a charging power supply.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a series-type charging/discharging device without current interruption according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing the charging and discharging characteristics of a typical secondary battery.
- FIG 3 is a view showing the charging characteristics (recipe & profile) of the secondary battery having a difference in capacity according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows a discharge characteristic diagram (recipe & profile) of a secondary battery with a difference in capacity according to the present invention.
- a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in series to perform charging and discharging without occurrence of intermittent (eg, relay on/off) phenomenon of charging and discharging current of the battery with one bidirectional main charging/discharging power supply device.
- intermittent eg, relay on/off
- This is a series-type charging/discharging method and device without current intermittent that can reduce facility cost and operating cost because the operating voltage is higher than the voltage of one battery by the number of cells, so the power conversion efficiency is increased.
- the expression 'step and/or configuration' means that the present invention for series-type charging and discharging includes a predetermined hardware configuration and a configuration obtained by executing a control program loaded in a memory by a microprocessor. It means that all device inventions are included.
- a typical secondary battery uses two modes of constant current and constant voltage charging when charging, as shown in FIG. 2, and only constant current discharging is performed during discharging.
- the voltage of the battery is maintained at the maximum voltage (52 in FIG. 2) and the charging current is gradually decreased to reach a predetermined cut-off current 54, and the charging cycle is completed.
- the discharging process starts discharging with a predetermined constant current (55 in FIG. 2), and the voltage of the battery gradually drops to reach a predetermined cut-off voltage (56 in FIG. 2) (one example; 2,800 mV). This completes the discharge cycle.
- a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in series to perform charging and discharging with one bidirectional main charge/discharge power supply device, and an auxiliary charging power supply device is additionally installed in parallel to each individual battery to correct (or supplement) the capacity difference of the individual batteries. ), including the configuration and steps.
- the present invention is configured to connect a plurality of secondary batteries in series to charge/discharge in one bidirectional main charge/discharge power supply device.
- This configuration reduces the installation space and equipment cost by simplifying (1) the number of charge/discharge devices to one. (2) Since the operating voltage of the main charging/discharging device is higher than the voltage of one battery by the number of times the number of batteries connected in series, the power conversion efficiency is increased, so there is an increased effect of reducing the operating cost.
- the present invention requires the following apparatus and method for (3) compensating for the capacity difference between individual batteries and (4) preventing the intermittent (on/off) phenomenon of the charge/discharge current of the battery.
- the auxiliary charging power supply for the purpose of correcting the capacity difference between individual batteries according to the present invention is an insulated unidirectional DC converter ( DC-DC converter).
- the auxiliary charging power supply device is configured to supplement the charging current of a battery having a large capacity in the charging process of serially connected individual batteries, and to supplement the discharge current of a battery having a low capacity in the discharging process.
- the auxiliary charging power supply according to the present invention is preferably composed of a high-frequency switching power supply, and is configured to precisely control the control program designed and manufactured to minimize power loss in a memory and executed by a microprocessor or the like.
- the high-voltage DC power supplied to the series-type charging/discharging device that is, the DC grid 1 higher than the sum of the voltages of the connected total batteries, supplies DC within a predetermined voltage range (one example; minimum 300VDC to maximum 350VDC, etc.)
- a predetermined voltage range one example; minimum 300VDC to maximum 350VDC, etc.
- the power is converted to an ordinary AC power grid (national power supply network) and controlled to maintain the predetermined voltage range.
- the bidirectional main charging/reversing power supply 2 is configured to perform a charging/discharging function as a current source according to a charging/discharging recipe (see FIG. 2 ) for a plurality of secondary batteries connected in series.
- the current of the main charging/discharging power supply is interrupted (on/off) even momentarily, and an error may occur in the measurement of current and voltage.
- the battery voltage 9 is detected by the positive grip 5 and the negative grip 8 that connect the battery, and the current signal 10 flowing to the actual battery 6 from the serially connected current sensor 7 is detected, and the input signal of the battery controller 11 controlled by a microprocessor, etc. is provided as
- the battery controller 11 is configured to execute a charge/discharge control program according to the present invention loaded in a memory with a microprocessor while exchanging charge/discharge information through the two-way communication 16 with the upper-level controller to interwork with each other for precise control.
- the auxiliary charging power supply device 13 is powered by a separate external power 15, and the power of the DC grid 1 may be used or a separate AC power source may be used.
- the auxiliary charging power supply 13 supplements the individual battery 6 with a predetermined current 12 under the control of the battery controller so that charging and discharging according to the charging/discharging recipe is performed.
- the battery connection device of the present invention has high power conversion efficiency because the required number of charge/discharge batteries is connected in series and the voltage becomes as high as several times the number of batteries by the series connection compared to that one battery is connected (parallel connection), and as a result, the operation There is an increased effect of lowering the cost, and since the charging/discharging circuit is simplified by charging and discharging by one bidirectional main charging/discharging power supply 2, there is an advantageous effect of reducing the equipment cost.
- batteries with different capacities are connected in series and charged with one main charge/discharge power supply (2 in FIG. 1), but the current pattern of FIG. 75) including the step or configuration of charging.
- the auxiliary charging power supply (13 in Fig. 1) supplies the insufficient current (65 in Fig. 3) for supplementary charging. It includes steps or configurations.
- the main charging power supply stops the charging function when the 'battery with the least capacity' is fully charged, and for batteries with relatively large capacity, the battery controller (11 in Fig. Includes steps or configurations that can be completed.
- batteries with different capacities are connected in series and discharged with one main charge/discharge power supply (2 in FIG. 1), but the current pattern of FIG. 76) as a discharging step or configuration.
- the battery with a relatively small capacity first reaches the cut-off voltage (56 in Fig. 4). From this point on, the auxiliary charging power supply (13 in Fig. 1) of the battery generates a current (59 in Fig. 4) equal to the main discharge current. Includes steps or configurations for sending to the main circuit.
- the auxiliary charging power supply functions to supplement the charging current of a battery having a large capacity in the charging process of the batteries connected in series, and supplements the discharging current of the battery having a small capacity in the discharging process.
- This auxiliary charging power supply is composed of a high-frequency switching power supply, and the control program provided according to the present invention is loaded in the memory, and the control program mounted on the microprocessor is executed to precisely control the power loss while minimizing the charging and discharging according to the present invention. It is configured to be automatically controlled according to a recipe and/or a charging/discharging profile to perform a charging/discharging operation.
- the present invention includes the step or configuration of periodically and automatically performing calibration work under predetermined conditions during charge/discharge operation by matching the calibration of the current sensor of the charging/discharging power supply to the high-spec current sensor (with high precision) of the main charging/discharging power supply. do.
- the main charging/discharging power supply device accurately recognizes the output voltage and current of individual batteries connected in series, and at the same time charging and discharging while exchanging data necessary for charging and discharging with the microprocessor for controlling individual batteries equipped with the control program according to the present invention. It includes steps or configurations.
- the output voltage of the main charge/discharge power supply should be equal to the sum of the voltages of the individual batteries connected in series or the voltage drop at the contacts (usually several mV or less per individual battery).
- a set (predetermined) value it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the charging/discharging circuit and generating and notifying a warning message so that the operation of the facility can be stopped and safety precautions can be taken; or includes configuration.
- the charging/discharging device of the secondary battery usually handles a very large number (tens of thousands or more in terms of the number of batteries), but it is not easy to modify or upgrade the charge/discharge control program of the control device.
- the step or configuration of easily performing program modification or upgrade by remote communication eg, Ethernet, etc.
- the controller one tenth of the number of batteries
- the main charging/discharging power supply device that controls the serial type charging/discharging device. It has a synergistic effect because it is included.
- FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 are as described in the description of each drawing, and such control is performed by the battery controller ( 1) and the upper controller execute the charge/discharge control program designed and manufactured according to the present invention loaded in the memory and interlock with each other to perform precise control.
- One embodiment of the present invention is an apparatus and method for charging and discharging a bidirectional main charge/discharge power supply device, wherein a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in series to charge and discharge a single bidirectional main charge/discharge power supply device, and the auxiliary charging power supply device is separately charged. It is added in parallel to the batteries to correct the capacity difference of individual batteries, and according to a predetermined recipe (electrical conditions of charging and discharging, etc.) It includes a step or configuration of continuously charging and discharging.
- the electrical input of the auxiliary charging power supply is composed of a DC grid power source, which is the input terminal of the main charging and discharging power supply unit, or is composed of one of separate DC and AC power, and the output is the voltage of the individual battery.
- It consists of an insulated unidirectional switch-mode DC converter and includes a step or configuration of adding or subtracting the voltage and current of an individual battery to an auxiliary charging power supply consisting of a separate battery controller including a microcontroller loaded with a control program.
- the voltage of the 'battery with the least capacity' is first set to a predetermined set voltage (or The maximum voltage, 4,200 mV as an example of a lithium battery) is reached.
- the main charge/discharge power supply performs constant voltage charging (according to a predetermined recipe for the charging current) according to the 'battery with the lowest capacity', and other batteries with a larger capacity than the 'battery with the smallest capacity' are charged with a predetermined amount of charging current insufficient by the auxiliary charging power supply.
- Supplementing according to the charging recipe includes a step or configuration in which all individual cells complete charging according to a predetermined charging recipe without interruption (on/off) of current.
- the main charge/discharge power supply discharges at a predetermined constant current during the discharge cycle based on the 'battery with the largest capacity' according to a predetermined discharge recipe, the 'maximum capacity
- the voltage of the 'small battery' first reaches a predetermined set voltage (or cut-off voltage, 2,800 mV for example of a lithium battery).
- a current is supplied as much as the current of the main charging/discharging power supply (the current of the discharging recipe) (the current is '0' for the corresponding battery), and each battery has a difference in capacity
- the discharging operation is performed according to the above, and all batteries complete discharging according to a predetermined discharging recipe without interruption (on/off) of current.
- the main charging/discharging power supply is charged only in a predetermined constant current charging period during charging, and in the constant voltage charging period, the auxiliary charging power supply of individual cells controls the charging current according to a predetermined charging recipe. comprising the steps or configurations of
- the main charge/discharge power supply is set at a predetermined time during charging. In the constant current charging section of controlling to replenish the charging current.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a series-type charging/discharging method without interruption of current using a bidirectional main charging/discharging power supply device. and continuously charging/discharging according to a predetermined recipe without interruption of the charging/discharging current of the discharging power supply device.
- Another embodiment of the present invention includes the step of correcting the capacity difference of the secondary batteries connected in series by installing an auxiliary charging power supply device in parallel to the individual batteries connected in series.
- the electrical input of the auxiliary charging power supply is composed of a DC grid power that is an input terminal of the main charging/discharging power supply or is composed of one of separate DC and AC power, and the output is the voltage of the individual battery. It comprises the step of compensating for the capacity difference of a plurality of secondary batteries configured in series with an insulated unidirectional switch mode DC converter.
- the series-type charging/discharging method includes loading a control program in an auxiliary charging power supply device and executing it on a microcontroller to control the charging and discharging of each individual battery by using each battery controller configured to control the charging and discharging of individual batteries. It includes adding and subtracting voltage and current.
- the series-type charging/discharging includes the step of the charging/discharging power supply performing constant voltage charging according to the battery with the smallest capacity.
- the main charge/discharge power supply in the case of series discharge, discharging at a predetermined constant current during a discharge cycle based on a battery with the largest capacity among a plurality of batteries connected in series according to a predetermined discharge recipe.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is that the voltage of the battery with the smallest capacity among a plurality of batteries connected in series first reaches a predetermined voltage, and the main charge/discharge power supply device in the charge auxiliary power supply device of the battery having the small capacity supplying a current equal to the current of
- a plurality of batteries connected in series repeat the above action in order of the size of capacity, and all the batteries complete discharging according to a set (predetermined) discharge recipe without interruption of current. do.
- the main charging/discharging power supply device charges only in a predetermined constant current charging section based on the battery with the lowest capacity during charging, and in the constant voltage charging section, a predetermined charge is performed in the auxiliary charging power supply device of the individual battery. and controlling the charging current according to the recipe.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is to simplify the control function while using the main charge/discharge power supply having relatively better power conversion efficiency than the charge auxiliary power supply for individual batteries, the main charge/discharge power supply has the most capacity during charging. and charging with a predetermined constant current in a predetermined constant current charging section based on a small number of batteries.
- charging is performed according to a preset current profile, and a current that is less than the current set in the charging recipe is charged according to a predetermined charging recipe in the auxiliary charging power supply of the individual battery. control to replenish.
- the current sensor of the auxiliary charging power supply device and the current sensor of the main charging/discharging power supply device automatically or periodically calibrate each other while exchanging measured values to measure the current of individual batteries, and precisely correcting the capacity difference of the connected secondary batteries.
- Another embodiment of the present invention compares the sum of the output voltage of the main charging/discharging power supply device and the individual battery voltage to increase safety when the voltage drop due to the contact resistance has a voltage difference greater than or equal to a set value. It includes the step of recognizing in advance and sending a warning message for stopping the operation or taking preventive measures.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is to connect a plurality of secondary batteries in series to easily modify or upgrade a charge/discharge program through remote communication to a single main charge/discharge controller in a series-type charge/discharge method without interruption of current. includes steps.
- a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in series to charge/discharge into one bidirectional main charge/discharge power supply, wherein the charging/discharging current of the main charging/discharging power supply is It is configured to continuously charge and discharge according to a predetermined recipe without interruption.
- an auxiliary charging power supply device is installed in parallel to individual batteries connected in series in order to correct a capacity difference between a plurality of secondary batteries connected in series.
- the electrical input of the auxiliary charging power supply is composed of a DC grid power source, which is the input terminal of the main charging and discharging power supply unit, or is composed of one of separate DC and AC power, and the output is the voltage of the individual battery. It is composed of an insulated unidirectional switch mode DC converter.
- the auxiliary charging power supply device is equipped with a control program and executed by a microcontroller to control the charging and discharging of each individual battery precisely by using the battery controller of each individual battery. It is configured to increase or decrease voltage and current.
- the voltage of the battery with the lowest capacity among the batteries connected in series is first set to a predetermined set voltage. is reached, and the charging/discharging power supply device is configured to perform constant voltage charging according to the battery with the smallest capacity.
- the main charge/discharge power supply is discharged at a predetermined constant current during the discharge cycle based on the battery with the largest capacity among a plurality of batteries connected in series according to a predetermined discharge recipe.
- the voltage of the battery with the smallest capacity among a plurality of batteries connected in series reaches a predetermined set voltage first, and the charging auxiliary power supply of the battery with the small capacity supplies the current as much as the current of the main charging/discharging power supply. Consists of.
- a plurality of batteries connected in series repeats the above operations in order according to the size of the capacity, and all the batteries are discharged according to a predetermined discharge recipe without interruption of current.
- the main charging/discharging power supply is charged only in a predetermined constant current charging period during charging, and in the constant voltage charging period, the auxiliary charging power supply of individual cells controls the charging current according to a predetermined charging recipe. do.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is to simplify the control function while using the main charge/discharge power supply having relatively better power conversion efficiency than the charging auxiliary power supply for individual batteries, and the main charge/discharge power supply is provided with a predetermined constant current during charging. It is configured to be charged with a predetermined constant current in the charging section.
- charging is performed according to a preset current profile in the constant voltage charging section, and a current that is less than the current set in the charging recipe is charged according to a predetermined charging recipe in the auxiliary charging power supply of the individual battery. It is configured for supplemental control.
- the current sensor of the auxiliary charging power supply device and the current sensor of the main charging/discharging power supply device automatically or periodically calibrate each other while exchanging measured values to measure the current of individual batteries, It is configured to precisely correct the difference in capacity of the connected secondary battery.
- Another embodiment of the present invention compares the sum of the output voltage of the main charging/discharging power supply device and the individual battery voltage to increase safety when the voltage drop due to the contact resistance has a voltage difference greater than or equal to a set value. It is configured to recognize in advance and stop the operation or take preventive measures.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is to connect a plurality of secondary batteries in series to easily modify or upgrade a charge/discharge program by remote communication to a single main charge/discharge controller in a series-type charge/discharge method without interruption of current. is configured to
- the protection scope of the present invention may be variously determined in addition to the above-described protection scope based on the above-described contents as necessary.
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for charging and discharging a plurality of secondary batteries in series with one bidirectional main charge/discharge power supply.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (30)
- 양방향 주충방전 전원장치를 이용한 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 장치에 있어서,복수개의 2차전지를 직렬로 연결하여 하나의 양방향 주충방전 전원장치로 충방전하되,상기 주충방전 전원장치의 충방전 전류가 단속됨이 없이 소정의 레시피에 따라 연속적으로 충방전하도록 구성됨을 특징으로 하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,복수개가 직렬로 연결된 2차전지의 용량 차이를 보정하기 위하여 직렬로 연결된 개별전지에 병렬로 보조충전 전원장치를 부가 설치함을 특징으로 하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 장치.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서,보조충전 전원장치의 전기입력은 주충방전 전원장치의 입력단인 직류그리드 전원으로 구성하거나 혹은 별도의 직류 및 교류 전력 중 하나로 구성하고,출력은 개별전지의 전압으로 하는 절연형 단방향 스위치모드 직류변환기로 구성됨을 특징으로 하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,보조충전 전원장치는 제어프로그램을 탑재하고 마이크로컨트롤러에서 실행하여 각각의 개별전지의 충방전이 제어되도록 구성된 각각의 전지제어기를 이용하여 개별전지의 전압과 전류를 가감하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 장치.
- 제4항에 있어서,직렬충전 시에는 주충방전 전원장치가 소정의 충전레시피에 따라 소정의 정전류로 충전을 하면 직렬로 연결된 전지 중에서 가장 용량이 적은 전지의 전압이 먼저 소정의 설정전압에 도달하게 되며,충방전 전원장치는 상기 가장 용량이 적은 전지에 맞추어 정전압충전을 수행하도록 구성됨을 특징으로 하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 장치.
- 제4항에 있어서,가장 용량이 적은 전지 보다 용량이 큰 다른 전지들은 상기 보조충전 전원장치로 부족한 충전전류를 소정의 충전레시피에 맞게 보충해서 모든 개별 전지가 전류의 단속없이 충전이 완료되는 것을 특징으로 하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,직렬방전 시에는 주충방전 전원장치가 소정의 방전레시피에 따라 직렬로 연결된 복수개의 전지 중에서 가장 용량이 큰 전지를 기준으로 방전 사이클 동안 소정의 정전류로 방전이 되도록 구성됨을 특징으로 하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 장치.
- 제7항에 있어서,직렬로 연결된 복수개의 전지 중에서 가장 용량이 적은 전지의 전압이 먼저 소정의 설정전압에 도달하게 되는데, 상기 용량이 적은 전지의 충전보조 전원장치에서 주충방전 전원장치의 전류만큼 전류를 공급하도록 구성함을 특징으로 하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 장치.
- 제7항에 있어서,직렬로 연결된 복수개의 전지는 용량의 크기에 순서대로 상기의 작용을 반복하면서 모든 전지가 전류의 단속없이 소정의 방전레시피 대로 방전이 완료되는 것을 특징으로 하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,주충방전 전원장치는 충전 시에 가장 용량이 적은 전지 기준으로 소정의 정전류충전 구간에서만 충전을 하고, 정전압충전 구간에서는 개별전지의 보조충전 전원장치에서 소정의 충전 레시피에 따라 충전 전류를 제어하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,개별전지의 충전보조 전원장치 보다 전력변환효율이 상대적으로 우수한 주충방전 전원장치를 사용하면서도 제어기능을 단순화하기 위하여,주충방전 전원장치는 충전 시에 가장 용량이 적은 전지 기준으로 소정의 정전류충전 구간에서 소정의 정전류로 충전을 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 장치.
- 제11항에 있어서,정전압충전 구간에서는 미리 설정된 전류 프로파일을 따라 충전이 되며,충전 레시피에서 설정된 전류 보다 부족한 전류는 개별전지의 보조충전 전원장치에서 소정의 충전 레시피에 따라 충전 전류를 보충제어하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,보조충전 전원장치의 전류센서와 주충방전 전원장치의 전류센서가 서로 측정 값을 주고받으면서 자동으로 혹은 주기적으로 교정하여 개별전지들의 전류를 측정하여 복수개가 직렬로 연결된 2차전지의 용량 차이를 정밀하게 보정함을 특징으로 하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,주충방전 전원장치의 출력 전압과 개별전지 전압의 합을 비교하여 접촉저항에 의한 전압강하가 설정된 값 이상의 전압차이가 있을 경우에 안전성을 높이기 위하여 전지나 접촉부의 불량으로 사전 인식하고 운전을 정지하거나 예방적 사전 조치를 위한 경고 메시지를 보냄을 특징으로 하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,다수개의 2차전지를 직렬로 연결하여 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 방법에서 한 개로 구성된 주충방전기 컨트롤러에 원격 통신으로 용이하게 충방전 프로그램의 수정이나 업그레이드를 포함함을 특징으로 하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 장치.
- 양방향 주충방전 전원장치를 이용한 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 방법에 있어서,복수개의 2차전지를 직렬로 연결하여 하나의 양방향 주충방전 전원장치로 충방전하되,상기 주충방전 전원장치의 충방전 전류가 단속됨이 없이 충방전 레시피에 따라 연속적으로 충방전하는 단계를 포함하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,직렬로 연결된 개별전지에 병렬로 보조충전 전원장치를 설치하여 복수개가 직렬로 연결된 2차전지의 용량 차이를 보정하는 단계를 구비한 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 방법.
- 제16항 또는 제17항에 있어서,상기 보조충전 전원장치의 전기입력은 주충방전 전원장치의 입력단인 직류그리드 전원으로 구성하거나 혹은 별도의 직류 및 교류 전력 중 하나로 구성하고,출력은 개별전지의 전압으로 하는 절연형 단방향 스위치모드 직류변환기로 구성되어 복수개가 직렬로 연결된 2차전지의 용량 차이를 보정하는 단계를 포함하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,직렬형충방전 방법은 보조충전 전원장치에 제어프로그램을 탑재하고 마이크로컨트롤러에서 실행하여 각각의 개별전지의 충방전이 제어되도록 구성된 각각의 전지제어기를 이용하여 개별전지의 전압과 전류를 가감하는 단계를 포함하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 방법.
- 제19항에 있어서,직렬충전 시에는 주충방전 전원장치가 소정의 충전레시피에 따라 소정의 정전류로 충전을 하면 직렬로 연결된 전지 중에서 가장 용량이 적은 전지의 전압이 먼저 소정의 설정전압에 도달하게 되며,직렬형충방전은 충방전 전원장치가 상기 가장 용량이 적은 전지에 맞추어 정전압충전을 수행하는 단계를 포함하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 방법.
- 제19항에 있어서,직렬형충방전 방법에서 가장 용량이 적은 전지 보다 용량이 큰 다른 전지들은 상기 보조충전 전원장치로 부족한 충전전류를 소정의 충전레시피에 맞게 보충해서 모든 개별 전지가 전류의 단속없이 충전을 완료하는 단계를 포함하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,직렬방전 시에는 주충방전 전원장치가 설정된 방전레시피에 따라 직렬로 연결된 복수개의 전지 중에서 가장 용량이 큰 전지를 기준으로 방전 사이클 동안 소정의 정전류로 방전시키는 단계를 포함하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 방법.
- 제22항에 있어서,소정의 정전류로 방전시키는 단계에서, 직렬로 연결된 복수개의 전지 중에서 가장 용량이 적은 전지의 전압이 먼저 소정의 설정전압에 도달하게 되는데, 상기 용량이 적은 전지의 충전보조 전원장치에서 주충방전 전원장치의 전류만큼의 전류를 공급하는 단계를 포함하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 방법.
- 제22항에 있어서,직렬로 연결된 복수개의 전지는 용량의 크기에 순서대로 상기의 작용을 반복하면서 모든 전지가 전류의 단속없이 소정의 방전레시피 대로 방전을 완료하는 단계를 포함하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,주충방전 전원장치는 충전 시에 가장 용량이 적은 전지 기준으로 소정의 정전류충전 구간에서만 충전을 하고, 정전압충전 구간에서는 개별전지의 보조충전 전원장치에서 소정의 충전 레시피에 따라 충전 전류를 제어하는 단계를 포함하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,개별전지의 충전보조 전원장치 보다 전력변환효율이 상대적으로 우수한 주충방전 전원장치를 사용하면서도 제어기능을 단순화하기 위하여, 주충방전 전원장치는 충전 시에 가장 용량이 적은 전지 기준으로 소정의 정전류충전 구간에서 소정의 정전류로 충전하는 단계를 포함하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서,정전압충전 구간에서는 미리 설정된 전류 프로파일을 따라 충전이 되며,충전 레시피에서 설정된 전류 보다 부족한 전류는 개별전지의 보조충전 전원장치에서 소정의 충전 레시피에 따라 충전 전류를 보충 제어하는 단계를 포함하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,보조충전 전원장치의 전류센서와 주충방전 전원장치의 전류센서가 서로 측정 값을 주고받으면서 자동으로 혹은 주기적으로 교정하여 개별전지들의 전류를 측정하여 복수개가 직렬로 연결된 2차전지의 용량 차이를 정밀하게 보정하는 단계를 포함하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,주충방전 전원장치의 출력 전압과 개별전지 전압의 합을 비교하여 접촉저항에 의한 전압강하가 설정된 값 이상의 전압차이가 있을 경우에 안전성을 높이기 위하여 전지나 접촉부의 불량으로 사전 인식하고 운전을 정지하거나 예방적 사전 조치를 위한 경고 메시지를 보내는 단계를 포함하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,다수개의 2차전지를 직렬로 연결하여 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 방법에서 한 개로 구성된 주충방전기 컨트롤러에 원격 통신으로 용이하게 충방전 프로그램의 수정이나 업그레이드를 하는 단계를 포함하는 전류의 단속이 없는 직렬형충방전 방법.
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