WO2022145443A1 - 慢性腎臓病の治療用医薬組成物 - Google Patents
慢性腎臓病の治療用医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
- A61K31/4184—1,3-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. benzimidazoles
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- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/20—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids
- A61K31/202—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids having three or more double bonds, e.g. linolenic
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- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
- A61K31/23—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms
- A61K31/232—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms having three or more double bonds, e.g. etretinate
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition used for the treatment of chronic kidney disease such as Alport syndrome.
- Alport syndrome is a hereditary disease in which progressive nephritis is inevitable from an early age due to a mutation in the type IV collagen gene, and is a rare disease sometimes accompanied by hearing impairment, eye lesions, and diffuse leiomyoma. It has been designated as an intractable disease by the national government because it leads to end-stage renal disease at an early age.
- type IV collagen the ⁇ chain forms a triple helix, and this multimer forms a network structure.
- collagen type IV collagen ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4, ⁇ 5 chain protein or all synthetic disorders cause collagen No mesh structure is formed.
- the glomerular filter membrane is formed by vascular endothelial cells, basement membrane, and glomerular epithelial cell foot processes, but in glomerular syndrome of Alport syndrome, type IV collagen that constitutes the basement membrane is dysplasia or completely deficient. , Causes abnormal glomerular filtration function and associated chronic decline in renal function.
- the homozygous deficient mouse (Col4a3-/-mouse) of type IV collagen ⁇ 3 chain gene is an autosomal recessive pathological model of Alport syndrome, but the average life expectancy is almost constant because the pathological variation is small. Specifically, individuals who develop tubular dilatation, inflammatory cell infiltration, crescent formation, and fibrosis from 6 weeks of age, rapidly increase serum creatinine concentration, and die from end-stage renal disease after 8 weeks of age. Appears, and most individuals die at 10 weeks of age. Due to these characteristics, it is widely used worldwide because it can evaluate the efficacy of drugs in a short period of time.
- Non-Patent Document 1 In non-clinical studies using Col4a3-/-mice, the standard antihypertensive drug renin-angiotensin (RA) system inhibitor lamipril (angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor) or candesartan (angiotensin II) It has been reported that the survival time was significantly prolonged and the urinary protein amount and the serum urea concentration were significantly reduced in the administration group of the receptor antagonist) (Non-Patent Document 1). In a clinical study, Gross et al. Retrospectively analyzed the relationship between the presence or absence of oral renin-angiotensin inhibitor and renal dysfunction in 283 patients with Alport syndrome. The effect of significantly prolonging the median value was confirmed (Non-Patent Document 2). The Alport Syndrome Clinical Practice Guidelines 2017 (Japan Society for Pediatric Nephrology) also recommends the administration of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors to patients with Alport syndrome to suppress the progression of renal dysfunction.
- RA antihypertens
- renin-angiotensin system inhibitors are administered to patients with Alport syndrome, but it is desired to develop a drug that can treat Alport syndrome more effectively.
- the present invention has been made under such a background, and an object of the present invention is to provide a means for treating chronic kidney disease such as Alport syndrome.
- mice As a result of diligent studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor administers angiotensin II receptor blocker and omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester to Alport syndrome model mice. We have found that the survival rate of mice is significantly improved, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention provides the following (1) to (15). (1) a) Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor and b) At least one kind of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, its ester, its metabolite, its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or its triglyceride. A pharmaceutical composition characterized by that.
- a pharmaceutical composition for use in combination with a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor which is at least one type of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof, a metabolite thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising the triglyceride compound.
- a pharmaceutical composition for use in combination with an omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof, a metabolite thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a triglyceride substance thereof, and a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor is characterized by containing.
- composition according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the renin-angiotensin system inhibitor is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist.
- composition according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the renin-angiotensin system inhibitor is candesartan cilexetil.
- omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, or eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.
- the present invention provides a novel pharmaceutical composition.
- This pharmaceutical composition can be used for the treatment of chronic kidney disease such as Alport syndrome.
- WT indicates the wild type
- PBS indicates the PBS group (untreated group)
- CAND indicates the candesartan alone group
- PFD indicates the pyrespa alone group
- LOT indicates the Rotrigger alone group
- CAND + PFD indicates the candesartan alone.
- the Piresupa combination group is shown
- CAND + LOT indicates the candesartan and Rotrigger combination group.
- WT indicates the wild type
- PBS indicates the PBS group (untreated group)
- CAND indicates the candesartan alone group
- PFD indicates the pyrespa alone group
- LOT indicates the Rotrigger alone group
- CAND + PFD indicates the candesartan alone.
- CAND + LOT indicates the candesartan and Rotrigger combination group.
- each bar graph shows wild type (WT), PBS group (PBS), candesartan alone group (CAND), pyrespa alone group (PFD), rotrigger alone group (LOT), candesartan and pyresartan combination group (CAND + PFD), and candesartan.
- WT wild type
- PBS group PBS
- candesartan alone group CAND
- PFD pyrespa alone group
- LOT rotrigger alone group
- CAND + PFD candesartan and pyresartan combination group
- CAND + PFD candesartan.
- the figure which shows the result of the blood biochemical examination (pancreas and liver related items) of each group of Alport syndrome model mice.
- each bar graph shows wild type (WT), PBS group (PBS), candesartan alone group (CAND), pyrespa alone group (PFD), rotrigger alone group (LOT), candesartan and pyresartan combination group (CAND + PFD), and candesartan.
- WT wild type
- PBS group PBS
- candesartan alone group CAND
- PFD pyrespa alone group
- LOT rotrigger alone group
- CAND + PFD candesartan
- WT indicates the wild type
- PBS indicates the PBS group (untreated group)
- CAND indicates the candesartan alone group
- PFD indicates the pyrespa alone group
- LOT indicates the Rotrigger alone group
- CAND + PFD indicates the candesartan alone.
- the Piresupa combination group is shown
- CAND + LOT indicates the candesartan and Rotrigger combination group.
- WT indicates the wild type
- PBS indicates the PBS group (untreated group)
- CAND indicates the candesartan alone group
- PFD indicates the pyrespa alone group
- LOT indicates the Rotrigger alone group
- CAND + PFD indicates the candesartan alone.
- the Piresupa combination group is shown
- CAND + LOT indicates the candesartan and Rotrigger combination group.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises a) a renin-angiotensin-based inhibitor and b) at least one omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof, a metabolite thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a triglyceride thereof.
- a pharmaceutical composition for administering to a patient with the body comprises a) a renin-angiotensin-based inhibitor and b) at least one omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof, a metabolite thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a triglyceride thereof.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be a pharmaceutical composition characterized by containing the above-mentioned a) and the above-mentioned b), for example, the above-mentioned a) and the above-mentioned b), as long as the above-mentioned a) and the above-mentioned b) can be administered to the patient.
- a pharmaceutical composition which is characterized by containing the above b), and which is a pharmaceutical composition to be used in combination with the above b).
- the renin-angiotensin system inhibitor to be used may be an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, or a renin inhibitor, but preferably angiotensin II receptor antagonist. It is a drug, more preferably candesartan cilexetil or balsartan, and even more preferably candesartan cilexetil.
- the above-mentioned "renin-angiotensin system inhibitor", “angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor”, “angiotensin II receptor antagonist”, and “renin inhibitor” include oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis in vivo. It also contains substances (so-called prodrugs) that undergo the metabolism of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, and renin inhibitors.
- angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors can be used, for example, captopril, sirazapril, enalapril, hoshinopril, ricinopril, quinapril, ramipril, zophenopril, imidapril, temocapril, perindopril, alacepril, derapril, benazepril, etc.
- angiotensin II receptor blockers can also be used, such as candesartan, candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, ilbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, thermisartan, balsartan, azilsartan, olmesartan, etc. Can be used.
- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can also be used, and for example, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, ⁇ -linolenic acid and the like can be used.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may contain only one kind of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, for example, eicosapentaenoic acid only, docosahexaenoic acid only, and two or more kinds of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.
- it may contain eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.
- the ester may be used instead of the omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.
- Specific examples of the ester include methyl ester, ethyl ester, propyl ester, and an ester to which a phospholipid and a lysophospholipid are bound.
- Suitable omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid esters include ethyl eicosapentaenoate, ethyl docosahexaenoate and the like. It may also contain metabolites of omega 3 polyunsaturated products, such as resolvins D1 to D4, resolvins E1 to E2, protectins D1, 17S-HDHA, and analogs of these metabolites. ..
- a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a derivative such as a triglyceride substance thereof may be contained.
- Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, esters thereof, metabolites thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or triglycerides thereof are preferably 1) docosahexaenoic acid, esters thereof, metabolites thereof, pharmaceutical production thereof.
- the weight ratio of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the pharmaceutical composition is not particularly limited, and the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is added to the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor 1 in the pharmaceutical composition.
- it can be 150 to 2000, preferably 150 to 1000, and more preferably 300 to 1000.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used for the treatment of chronic kidney disease.
- treatment means not only suppressing the progression of chronic kidney disease and eradicating chronic kidney disease, but also preventing chronic kidney disease.
- chronic kidney disease is a state in which the function of the kidney is reduced as compared with a healthy person (for example, a state in which the glomerular filtration rate is reduced to less than 60 mL / min / 1.73 m 2 ) or. It means a condition in which kidney abnormalities such as proteinuria continue.
- the following renal diseases are included in "chronic kidney disease” in the present invention: Alport syndrome, focal segmental glomerular sclerosis, microvariant nephrosis syndrome, membranous nephropathy, HIV-1-related nephropathy, diffuse.
- RPGN rapidly progressive nephritis syndrome
- Glomerular disorders are, for example, glomerular hardening, hemiplegia, bilayered basement membrane, etc.
- tubular disorders are, for example, tubular dilation with a glass column, interstitial fibrosis, to the interstitial space. Infiltrative cell infiltration, tubular dilation with cellular columns.
- the target of treatment may be chronic kidney disease, but is preferably glomerular disorder kidney disease, tubule kidney disease or interstitial disorder kidney disease, and more preferably podocyte disorder kidney disease. Alternatively, it is a glomerular basal membrane disorder renal disease, more preferably Alport syndrome.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is usually orally administered, but may be administered by other routes.
- it may be administered via the sublingual, intradermal, subcutaneous, muscle, peripheral and central veins, arteries, lymphatic vessels, anus, nasal cavity, respiratory tract or abdominal cavity.
- ingredients such as medicinal ingredients, nutritional supplements, and excipients can be added to the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention as needed.
- dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition include tablets, capsules, fine granules, syrups, injections, infusions, promulgators, suppositories and the like. These can be formulated according to a conventional method by appropriately using a solvent, a dispersion medium, a bulking agent, an excipient and the like.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention provides a patient with a) a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor and b) at least one omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof, a metabolite thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- any form may be used as long as both of the triglyceride forms thereof can be administered.
- both the above a) and the above b) may be formulated into one dosage form (combination), and the above a) and the above b) may be formulated into different dosage forms (combination). It may be a formulation).
- these may be administered at the same time or may be administered at staggered times. In the case of staggered administration, the above a) may be administered first and the above b) may be administered later, or the above b) may be administered first and the above a) may be administered later.
- Each administration method may be the same or different.
- the dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the renin-angiotensin system inhibitor, which is one of the active ingredients, is preferably administered in an amount of 2 to 12 mg per adult per day, preferably 4 to 8 mg. Is more preferable.
- Example 1 Outsourcing of tests The following tests were outsourced to an external facility.
- Test material 4.1 Test substance (known compound) 4.1.1. Name Candesartan is an antihypertensive drug classified as an angiotensin II receptor blocker among renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. It is known to have a renal protective effect. Pirespa is a therapeutic agent for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which has an antifibrotic effect and suppresses fibrosis of the pulmonary interstitium. Rotrigger is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ethyl preparation, which is a therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia and contains ethyl icosapentaenoate and ethyl docosahexaenoate as main components.
- test substance was prepared every hour and minute of use on the day.
- Candesartan was dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at a dose of 4 mg / ml to prepare the administration solutions of groups Nos. 6 and 7 (10 mg / 2.5 ml / kg).
- This administration solution diluted with an equal volume of PBS was designated as the administration solution of group No. 3 (10 mg / 5 ml / kg).
- Pirespa was dissolved in PBS at a dose of 40 mg / mL and in Group No. 6 dose (50 mg / 1.25 ml / kg) PBS.
- This administration solution diluted with an equal volume of PBS was designated as the administration solution of group number 4 (50 mg / 2.5 ml / kg).
- Rotrigger was suspended in a 0.5% methylcellulose solution (MC) at a dose of 600 mg / mL to give Group No. 7 dose (1500 mg / 2.5 ml / kg).
- This administration solution diluted with an equal volume of MC was designated as the administration solution of group No. 5 (1500 mg / 5 ml / kg).
- mice male 129-Col4a3tm1Dec / J mice (hereinafter referred to as Homo mice) were introduced into the test facility at the age of 3 weeks, and no abnormalities were observed in the general condition during the acclimatization period of about 1 week. Healthy animals (4 weeks old) were subjected to the experiment.
- Weight measurement Twice a week from the day of grouping and on the day of collection of each group, the body weight was measured using an animal balance.
- Measurement of each item The measurement of blood biochemical items was carried out by outsourcing the frozen and stored serum to an external facility. Measurement items are total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), uric acid, sodium (Na), potassium (K), chlor (Cl), calcium, phosphorus, amylases, lipase, AST (GOT), ALT (GPT), ⁇ -GTP, LDH, neutral fat, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, total bilirubin, and glucose were used. As the measurement sample, the pool sample of each group was used.
- the average body weight increased to the same level as the wild type until the 32nd day after administration. After that, it decreased slightly until the end of the experiment, but it was clearly larger than the other groups and the general condition was good. In the candesartan alone group, weight loss began 25 days after administration, and the weight loss was remarkable even in the surviving mice.
- BUN and creatinine levels in the candesartan plus Rotrigger group (100% survival rate) and the candesartan plus Piresupa combination group (60% survival rate) were above the upper limit of normal but far higher than those in the untreated group and the candesartan alone group.
- the Na, K, and Cl values were all within the normal range.
- BUN and creatinine levels were as high as those in the untreated group (survival rate 0%), and hyperkalemia was exhibited. It is clear that the progression of renal failure was delayed in the candesartan and rotrigger combination group, but the progression of renal failure was as advanced as in the untreated group with candesartan alone.
- amylase level in the candesartan and rotrigger combination group was much lower than that in the untreated group and the candesartan alone group, and the lipase level was normal. It is considered that the onset of secondary pancreatitis was suppressed by the change. Regarding the effect on liver function, both AST and ALT remained within the normal range in the candesartan and rotrigger combination group.
- FIG. 7 shows HE-stained images of the kidneys of the wild type, the PBS group, the candesartan alone group, and the candesartan and rotrigger combination group.
- FIG. 8 shows PAS-stained images of the kidneys of the wild type, the PBS group, the candesartan alone group, and the candesartan and Rotrigger combination group.
- FIG. 9 shows MT-stained images of the kidneys of the wild type, the PBS group, the candesartan alone group, and the candesartan and Rotrigger combination group.
- FIG. 10 shows PAM-stained images of the kidneys of the wild type, the PBS group, the candesartan alone group, and the candesartan and rotrigger combination group.
- the arrow shows an example of a double hoof wall.
- tubular disorders The degree of tubular disorders was evaluated in each group of Alport syndrome model mice.
- the degree of tubular dilation with a vitreous column, stromal fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration into the stroma, and tubular dilation with a cellular column was quantified in 5 steps (0; No change, 1; Slight). , 2; Mild, 3; Moderate, 4; Severe, Reference "Guide to Pathological Diagnosis of Diabetic Nephropathy and Hypertensive Nephropathy", Tokyo Medical Co., Ltd.). The result is shown in FIG.
- Example 2 Outsourcing of tests The following tests were outsourced to an external facility.
- Test material 4.1 Test substance (known compound) 4.1.1. Name
- test substance was prepared every hour and minute of use on the day.
- Candesartan cilexetil (hereinafter, candesartan: Tokyo Chemical Industry) It was dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at a dose of 1.12 mg / mL to prepare the administration solutions (2.8 mg / 2.5 mL / kg) of group numbers (8), (9) and (10).
- This administration solution diluted with an equal volume of PBS was designated as the administration solution (2.8 mg / 5 mL / kg) of group number (7).
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- Enalapril maleate (hereinafter, enalapril: Tokyo Chemical Industry) It was dissolved in PBS at a dose of 3.28 mg / mL to prepare the administration solution (8.2 mg / 2.5 mL / kg) of group number (4). This administration solution diluted with an equal amount of PBS was designated as the administration solution (8.2 mg / 5 mL / kg) of group number (3).
- Valsartan (Tokyo Chemical Industry) It was dissolved in PBS at a dose of 53.44 mg / mL to prepare the administration solution (133.6 mg / 2.5 mL / kg) of group number (6). This administration solution diluted with an equal amount of PBS was designated as the administration solution (133.6 mg / 5 mL / kg) of group number (5).
- Omega-3 fatty acid ethyl (1) (hereinafter, Rotrigger: Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited) Suspended in 0.5% methylcellulose solution (hereinafter referred to as MC), the administration solution of group numbers (4) and (6) is 1671.4 mg / 2.5 mL / kg, and the administration solution of group number (8) is 501.0 mg / 2.5 mL / kg. Adjusted with.
- Omega-3 Ethyl fatty acid (2) (hereinafter, DHA97E: Bizen Kasei) Suspended in 0.5% MC, the dose of group number (9) was adjusted to 421.0 mg / 2.5 mL / kg, and the dose of group number (11) was adjusted to 1503.6 mg / 2.5 mL / kg.
- This administration solution diluted with an equal volume of PBS was designated as the administration solution (1503.6 mg / 5 mL / kg) of group number (13).
- Omega-3 fatty acid ethyl (3) (hereinafter referred to as EPA97E: Bizen Kasei) Suspended in 0.5% MC, the dose of group number (10) was adjusted to 421.0 mg / 2.5 mL / kg, and the dose of group number (12) was adjusted to 1503.6 mg / 2.5 mL / kg.
- Weight measurement Twice a week from the day of grouping and daily from the day of death of the first individual to the day of collection, weighed using an animal balance.
- the left and right femurs were immersed in a 70% ethanol (Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) solution. Other than that, it was immersed in a 10% neutral buffered formalin solution (Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
- the kidney was divided into two parts and immersed around the renal pelvis of the right kidney.
- Rotrigger is also effective in combination with the active ARB, valsartan, and the survival rate of the valsartan (high dose) -rotrigger (high dose) combination group is that of the valsartan (high dose) alone group. Significantly exceeded the rate.
- enalapril an ACE inhibitor, was not found to be effective in combination with Rotrigger.
- FIG. 17 shows a test group and a control group having a candesartan dose of 10 mg / kg / d in Example 1 (marked with *) and Example 2.
- the candesartan-DHA ethyl ester combination group had a survival rate of 100% and an average body weight change rate comparable to that of the wild type, confirming that DHA ethyl ester had an extremely excellent effect of suppressing the progression of chronic renal failure.
- the present invention relates to pharmaceuticals, it can be used in industries such as pharmaceutical manufacturing.
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Abstract
Description
(1)a)レニン・アンジオテンシン系阻害剤とb)少なくとも1種類のオメガ3多価不飽和脂肪酸、そのエステル、その代謝産物、その製薬学上許容される塩、又はそのトリグリセリド体とを含有することを特徴とする医薬組成物。
本発明の医薬組成物は、a)レニン・アンジオテンシン系阻害剤とb)少なくとも1種類のオメガ3多価不飽和脂肪酸、そのエステル、その代謝産物、その製薬学上許容される塩、又はそのトリグリセリド体とを患者に投与するための医薬組成物である。本発明の医薬組成物は、上記a)と上記b)を患者に投与できればよく、例えば、上記a)と上記b)を含有することを特徴とする医薬組成物であってもよく、上記a)と併用するための医薬組成物であって、上記b)を含有することを特徴とする医薬組成物であってもよく、上記b)と併用するための医薬組成物であって、上記a)を含有することを特徴とする医薬組成物であってもよい。
1.試験委託
以下の試験は、外部施設に委託して行った。
アルポート症候群モデル(129-Col4a3tm1Dec/J)マウスに各被験物質を10 週間反復経口投与し、その後血清中の生化学検査を行う。また、腎臓を病理組織学的に観察し各被験物質投与による腎臓への影響を確認する。
本実施例で実施する全ての動物実験は、委託先の実験動物福祉規程に基づき計画し、実験動物福祉委員会の承認後、実施した。なお、実施する動物試験は「農林水産省の所管する研究機関等における動物実験等の実施に関する基本指針」 (平成18 年 農林水産技術会議事務局通知) 等を遵守した。
4.1.被験物質(既知化合物)
4.1.1.名称
ピレスパは、抗線維化作用を有し肺間質の線維化を抑制する、特発性肺線維症の治療薬である。
ロトリガは、オメガ3多価不飽和脂肪酸エチル製剤であり、主成分としてイコサペンタエン酸エチルとドコサヘキサエン酸エチルとを含有する、高脂血症治療薬である。
被験物質は、当日使用時分毎に調製した。カンデサルタンは、4 mg/ml の用量でリン酸緩衝生理食塩水 (以下、PBS) に溶解し、群番号6 および7 の投与液 (10 mg/2.5 ml/kg) とした。この投与液を等量のPBS で希釈したものを群番号3の投与液 (10 mg/5 ml/kg) とした。ピレスパは、40 mg/mL の用量でPBSに溶解し、群番号6 の投与液(50 mg/1.25 ml/kg)とするPBSに溶解した。この投与液を等量のPBS で希釈したものを群番号4 の投与液 (50 mg/2.5 ml/kg) とした。ロトリガは、600 mg/mL の用量で0.5 % メチルセルロース溶液 (以下、MC) に懸濁し、群番号7 の投与液 (1500 mg/2.5 ml/kg) とした。この投与液を等量のMC で希釈したものを群番号5の投与液 (1500 mg/5 ml/kg) とした。
4.2.1.使用動物
実験には、雄性129-Col4a3tm1Dec/Jマウス (以下、Homoマウス)を3週齢で試験施設へ導入し、約1 週間の馴化期間中の一般状態に異常が見られない健常な動物(4 週齢)を実験に供した。
動物は、飼育ケージ(189 mm×298 mm×128 mm)で最大5匹飼いとし、温度:20 ~ 25 ℃、湿度:40 ~ 70 %、換気回数:10回以上/時間、照明時間:12 時間(7 : 00~19 : 00)の環境に調節された動物飼育室で飼育した。固型飼料CRF-1(オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社)を自由摂取させた。飲水はフィルター濾過水を自由に摂取させた。
遺伝子型検査によりHomo(表2中のAS)と同定された動物のうち、4 週齢の体重を基準にして群間の平均値が近似になるように群番号2 ~ 7 に群分けした。群番号1 はHomo動物群と体重が近似になるように4例抽出した。群分け後は、耳ピアスにより個体識別を行った。試験から除外された動物および、馴化期間中に異常が認められた動物は安楽死させた。
一般状態の観察は、実験開始日 (群分け日) から実験終了日 (採材日) まで1 日1 回の頻度で行った。
群分け日から週に2 回の頻度および各群の採材日に動物用天秤を用いて測定した。
動物を保定し、1 mL 注射筒とゾンデを用いて経口投与した。投薬は各動物の投与容量が約0.1 mlとなるよう5.1. 項の条件に準じて実施した。投与容量は直近の体重を基に算出した。ピレスパについては、100 mg/kg を1 日分の投与量とし、2 回に分割して投与した。投与間隔は6 時間以上とした。
Day45に動物の体重を測定し、イソフルラン麻酔下にて後大静脈から採血し、放血により安楽死させた。死亡の確認は心肺の停止(安楽死)を視診により確認した。その後、左右腎臓、左右大腿骨、左右眼球、禍牛、心臓および膵臓を採取し、トレミングを行い、左右腎臓、左右大腿骨及び心臓について湿重量を測定した。採取した生体組織のうち、左右大腿骨は70%エタノール溶液に浸漬した。それ以外は10%中性緩衝ホルマリン溶液に浸漬した。なお、腎臓は右腎臓の腎孟を中心に2分割して浸漬した。
5.7.1.血清の調整
得られた血液を室温下に4時間以上静置したのち、遠心条件(4 ℃、12000 rpm、3 min)で血清を得た。血清は2 本のチューブに分取し冷凍保存した。
血液生化学項目の測定は、冷凍保存した血清を外部施設に委託して実施した。測定項目は、総タンパク質、アルブミン、尿素窒素(BUN)、クレアチニン(CRE)、尿酸、ナトリウム(Na)、カリウム(K)、クロール(Cl)、カルシウム、リン、アミラーゼ、リパーゼ、AST(GOT)、ALT(GPT)、γ-GTP、LDH、中性脂肪、総コレステロール、HDLコレステロール、総ビリルビン、グルコースとした。測定検体は各群のプール検体を用いた。
10 %中性緩衝ホルマリン溶液に浸漬した腎臓を外部施設に送付し、Hematoxylin-Eosin; HE 染色、Periodic Acid-Schiff; PAS 染色、Masson's Trichrome; MT染色、及びPeriodic Acid Methenamine silver; PAM染色を行い、病理評価した。
各試験群について、体重、腎臓、大腿骨の組織重量の平均値及び標準誤差値を算出した。
群分けにより試験から除外された動物または、動物が下記のような状態悪化や回復困難な状態に陥った場合は、安楽死処置を施した。安楽死処置に関しては、炭酸ガス吸入法にてより安楽死を実施した。
・急激な体重減少:7日間で25%以上の減少
・苦痛症状:呼吸困難、立毛、うずくまり、極度のチアノーゼ
・回復の兆しがない長期の外見異常:体位交換不能、下痢、出血、外陰部の汚れ
8.1.生存率の推移
アルポート症候群モデルマウス各群の生存率の推移を図1に示す。
アルポート症候群モデルマウス各群の平均体重の推移を図2に示す。なお、平均体重算出時には、死亡したマウスの体重をゼロとはせず、死亡直前に測定した時の体重を計算に使用した。
アルポート症候群モデルマウス各群の体重総和の推移を図3に示す。
アルポート症候群モデルマウス各群の血液生化学検査(腎臓関連項目)の結果を図4に示す。
アルポート症候群モデルマウス各群の骨ミネラル代謝関連項目検査の結果を図5に示す。
アルポート症候群モデルマウス各群の血液生化学検査(膵臓及び肝臓関連項目)の結果を図6に示す。
野生型、PBS群、カンデサルタン単独群、及びカンデサルタンとロトリガ併用群の腎臓のHE染色像を図7に示す。
野生型、PBS群、カンデサルタン単独群、及びカンデサルタンとロトリガ併用群の腎臓のPAS染色像を図8に示す。
野生型、PBS群、カンデサルタン単独群、及びカンデサルタンとロトリガ併用群の腎臓のMT染色像を図9に示す。
野生型、PBS群、カンデサルタン単独群、及びカンデサルタンとロトリガ併用群の腎臓のPAM染色像を図10に示す。
アルポート症候群モデルマウス各群の糸球体障害の程度を評価した。具体的には、糸球体硬化、半月体形成、及び二層化基底膜の程度を、5段階で数値化した(0; No change, 1; Slight, 2; Mild, 3; Moderate, 4;Severe、参考「糖尿病性腎症と高血圧性腎硬化症の病理診断への手引き」東京医学社)。この結果を図11に示す。
アルポート症候群モデルマウス各群の尿細管障害の程度を評価した。具体的には、
硝子円柱を伴う尿細管拡張、間質線維化、間質への炎症性細胞浸潤、及び細胞性円柱を伴う尿細管拡張の程度を、5段階で数値化した(0; No change, 1; Slight, 2; Mild, 3; Moderate, 4;Severe、参考「糖尿病性腎症と高血圧性腎硬化症の病理診断への手引き」東京医学社)。この結果を図12に示す。
1.試験委託
以下の試験は、外部施設に委託して行った。
アルポート症候群モデル(129-Col4a3tm1Dec/J) マウスにOmega-3脂肪酸エチルを単独あるいはレニン・アンジオテンシン系阻害剤と併用投与し、慢性腎不全の進行抑制効果を検証する。
本委託試験で実施する全ての動物実験は、委託先の実験動物福祉規程に基づき計画し、実験動物福祉委員会の承認後、実施した。なお、実施する動物試験は「農林水産省の所管する研究機関等における動物実験等の実施に関する基本指針」 (平成18 年 農林水産技術会議事務局通知) 等を遵守した。
被験物質は、当日使用時分毎に調製した。
カンデサルタン シレキセチル (以下、カンデサルタン:東京化成工業)
1.12 mg/mL の用量でリン酸緩衝生理食塩水 (以下、PBS) に溶解し、群番号(8)、(9)ならびに(10)の投与液 (2.8 mg/2.5 mL/kg) とした。この投与液を等量のPBS で希釈したものを群番号(7)の投与液 (2.8 mg/5 mL/kg) とした。また、4 mg/mL の用量でPBS に溶解し、群番号(11)及び(12)の投与液 (10 mg/2.5 mL/kg) とした。
3.28 mg/mL の用量でPBS に溶解し、群番号(4)の投与液 (8.2 mg/2.5 mL/kg) とした。この投与液を等量のPBS で希釈したものを群番号(3)の投与液 (8.2 mg/5 mL/kg) とした。
53.44 mg/mL の用量でPBS に溶解し、群番号(6)の投与液 (133.6 mg/2.5 mL/kg) とした。この投与液を等量のPBS で希釈したものを群番号(5)の投与液 (133.6 mg/5 mL/kg) とした。
0.5 % メチルセルロース溶液 (以下、MC) に懸濁し、群番号(4)及び(6)の投与液は 1671.4 mg/2.5 mL/kg、群番号(8)の投与液は501.0 mg/2.5 mL/kgで調整した。
0.5 % MCに懸濁し、群番号(9)の投与液は 421.0 mg/2.5 mL/kg、群番号(11)の投与液は1503.6 mg/2.5 mL/kgで調整した。この投与液を等量のPBS で希釈したものを群番号(13)の投与液 (1503.6 mg/5 mL/kg) とした。
0.5 % MCに懸濁し、群番号(10)の投与液は 421.0 mg/2.5 mL/kg、群番号(12)の投与液は 1503.6 mg/2.5 mL/kgで調整した。
4.2.1.使用動物
実験には、雄性129-Col4a3tm1Dec/Jマウス (以下、アルポート症候群;ASマウス) 及び、同系統の野生型(WTマウス) を3 週齢で試験施設へ導入し、馴化期間中の一般状態に異常が見られない健常な動物(4 週齢)を実験に供した。
動物は、飼育ケージ (189 mm×298 mm×128 mm) で最大5匹飼いとし、温度:20 ~ 25 ℃、湿度:40 ~ 70 %、換気回数:10回以上/時間、照明時間:12 時間(7 : 00~19 : 00)の環境に調節された動物飼育室で飼育した。固型飼料CRF-1 (オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社)を自由摂取させた。飲水はフィルター濾過水 を自由に摂取させた。
遺伝子型検査によりHomo と同定されたASマウスのうち、4 週齢の体重を基準にして群間の平均値が近似になるように群番号(2)~(13)に群分けした。群番号(1)はASマウス群と体重が近似になるように5例抽出した。群分け後は耳ピアスにより個体識別を行った。試験から除外された動物及び馴化期間中に異常が認められた動物は安楽死とした。
一般状態は、実感開始日 (群分け日) から実験終了日 (採材日) まで1 日1 回の頻度で行った。
群分け日から週に2 回の頻度および最初の個体が死亡した日から毎日採材日まで動物用天秤を用いて測定した。
動物を保定し、1 mL 注射筒とゾンデ ((有)フチガミ機器、CAT No.5200) を用いて胃内へ直接投与した。投薬は各動物の投与容量が5 mL/kgとなるよう5.1. 項の条件に準じて実施した。投与容量は直近 (投与日より以前) の体重を基に算出した。
5.6.1.実施日
群番号(2)の動物が全例安楽死または死亡した時点で試験委託者と協議し生体材料採取日を決定した。
死亡の確認は心肺の停止(安楽死)を視診により確認した。その後、左右腎臓、左右大腿骨、左右眼球、蝸牛、心臓、肝臓及び膵臓を採取しトリミングを行い、左右腎臓、左右大腿骨及び心臓については湿重量を測定した。
各試験群について、体重、各臓器湿重量の平均値及び標準誤差値を算出した。また、それぞれの測定値について、群番号(2)と各群間で(2)群間比較を行った。統計処理は統計解析アドインソフト「エクセル統計2015」(株式会社 社会情報サービス社製)を用い、危険率 (P 値) が0.05 未満で有意差有りと判定した。
群分けにより試験から除外された動物または、動物が下記のような状態悪化や回復困難な状態に陥った場合は、安楽死処置を施す。安楽死処置に関しては、炭酸ガス吸入法にてより安楽死を実施した。
・急激な体重減少:7日間で25%以上の減少
・苦痛症状:呼吸困難、立毛、うずくまり、極度のチアノーゼ
・回復の兆しがない長期の外見異常:体位交換不能、下痢、出血、外陰部の汚れ
8.1.生存率の推移
各試験群の生存率の推移を図13、14、及び18に示す。図13に示すように、カンデサルタンとDHAエチルエステルの併用はロトリガとの併用よりも高い生存率を示し、DHAエチルエステルはアルポート症候群治療薬となりうることが示唆された。一方、EPAエチルエステルの併用はカンデサルタン単独投与と差が認められなかった。図14に示すように、DHAエチルエステルは通常量でも、EPAエチルエステル高用量を上回る効果を発揮した。図18に示すように、ロトリガは活性体ARBであるバルサルタンとの併用でも効果を発揮し、バルサルタン(高用量)-ロトリガ(高用量)併用群の生存率がバルサルタン(高用量)単独群の生存率を大幅に上回った。一方、ACE阻害剤であるエナラプリルではロトリガ併用による効果は確認されなかった。
各試験群の平均体重の推移を図15及び16に示す。図15に示すように、DHAエチルエステルとEPAエチルエステルはそれぞれカンデサルタンとの併用で体重減少抑制効果を示した。DHAエチルエステルの効果はEPAエチルエステルの効果を大きく上回り、特に高用量群では野生型と遜色のない体重推移であった。図16に示すように、DHAエチルエステルを投与した群の平均体重だけが無治療群に対し有意に増加した。
試験終了時における各群の平均体重変化率と生存率を図17及び19に示す。図17は実施例1(*印)と実施例2におけるカンデサルタン投与量10mg/kg/dの試験群と対照群を示している。図17に示すように、カンデサルタン-DHAエチルエステル併用群は生存率100%で平均体重変化率も野生型に匹敵し、DHAエチルエステルの極めて優れた慢性腎不全進行抑制効果が確認された。また、EPAエチルエステルもカンデサルタンと併用投与することにより、カンデサルタン単独投与よりも生存率を大きく改善し、優れた慢性腎不全進行抑制効果が確認された。図19に示すように、プロドラッグのカンデサルタンのみならず活性体のバルサルタンでもロトリガ併用によって生存率は向上し、体重変化率も高い数値を示した。
Claims (15)
- a)レニン・アンジオテンシン系阻害剤とb)少なくとも1種類のオメガ3多価不飽和脂肪酸、そのエステル、その代謝産物、その製薬学上許容される塩、又はそのトリグリセリド体とを含有することを特徴とする医薬組成物。
- レニン・アンジオテンシン系阻害剤と併用するための医薬組成物であって、少なくとも1種類のオメガ3多価不飽和脂肪酸、そのエステル、その代謝産物、その製薬学上許容される塩、又はそのトリグリセリド体を含有することを特徴とする医薬組成物。
- オメガ3多価不飽和脂肪酸、そのエステル、その代謝産物、その製薬学上許容される塩、又はそのトリグリセリド体と併用するための医薬組成物であって、レニン・アンジオテンシン系阻害剤を含有することを特徴とする医薬組成物。
- 慢性腎臓病の治療のために用いられることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 慢性腎臓病が、糸球体障害性腎疾患であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の医薬組成物。
- 慢性腎臓病が、ポドサイト障害性腎疾患又は糸球体基底膜障害性腎疾患であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の医薬組成物。
- 慢性腎臓病が、尿細管腎疾患又は間質性腎疾患であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の医薬組成物。
- 慢性腎臓病が、アルポート症候群であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の医薬組成物。
- レニン・アンジオテンシン系阻害剤が、アンジオテンシンII受容体拮抗薬であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- レニン・アンジオテンシン系阻害剤が、カンデサルタン シレキセチルであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- レニン・アンジオテンシン系阻害剤が、バルサルタンであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 少なくとも1種類のオメガ3多価不飽和脂肪酸が、エイコサペンタエン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸、又はエイコサペンタエン酸とドコサヘキサエン酸であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至11のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 少なくとも1種類のオメガ3多価不飽和脂肪酸が、エイコサペンタエン酸とドコサヘキサエン酸であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至11のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 少なくとも1種類のオメガ3多価不飽和脂肪酸が、ドコサヘキサエン酸であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至11のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 少なくとも1種類のオメガ3多価不飽和脂肪酸が、エイコサペンタエン酸であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至11のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
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MASANORI KATAKURA, MICHIO HASHIMOTO, TAKAYUKI INOUE, ABDULLAH MAMUN, YOKO TANABE, RYO IWAMOTO, MAKOTO ARITA, SATORU TSUCHIKURA, OS: "Omega-3 Fatty Acids Protect Renal Functions by Increasing Docosahexaenoic Acid-Derived Metabolite Levels in SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr Rats, a Metabolic Syndrome Model", MOLECULES, vol. 19, no. 3, 1 January 2014 (2014-01-01), pages 3247 - 3263, XP055670184, DOI: 10.3390/molecules19033247 * |
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TAKAHITO MORIYAMA, CHIHIRO IWASAKI, KAYU TANAKA, AYAMI OCHI, ARI SHIMIZU, SYUNJI SHIOHIRA, MITSUYO ITABASHI, TAKASHI TAKEI, KEIKO : "Effects of Combination Therapy with Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors and Eicosapentaenoic Acid on IgA Nephropathy", INTERNAL MEDICINE, vol. 52, no. 2, 1 January 2013 (2013-01-01), pages 193 - 199, XP055947122, ISSN: 0918-2918, DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.52.8323 * |
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