WO2022143011A1 - 基于波导的增强现实装置及其方法 - Google Patents

基于波导的增强现实装置及其方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022143011A1
WO2022143011A1 PCT/CN2021/135437 CN2021135437W WO2022143011A1 WO 2022143011 A1 WO2022143011 A1 WO 2022143011A1 CN 2021135437 W CN2021135437 W CN 2021135437W WO 2022143011 A1 WO2022143011 A1 WO 2022143011A1
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image light
assembly
polarized image
polarized
waveguide
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PCT/CN2021/135437
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈杭
罗丝
李弼华
胡增新
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舜宇光学（浙江）研究院有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of augmented reality, and in particular, to a waveguide-based augmented reality device and method thereof.
  • Augmented reality also known as augmented reality or mixed reality, is a technology that superimposes virtual objects on the real environment and interacts with it. experience.
  • a common catadioptric augmented reality device 10P generally includes an image source assembly 11P, a lens 12P, a half mirror and a half mirror 13P, and a curved mirror 14P, and the image light emitted by the image source assembly 11P passes through the After the lens 12P is focused, it is reflected to the human eye through the half mirror 13P and the curved mirror 14P to present an enlarged virtual image, and the human eye can see the real image through the half mirror 13P and the curved mirror 14P objects, so that the virtual image can be superimposed with the real world to complete the enhanced interaction.
  • the common catadioptric augmented reality device 10P can increase the optical path by returning the image light
  • the overall size of the front end of the device is relatively low because the semi-reflective semi-mirror 13P and the curved mirror 14P are both curved elements.
  • both the image source assembly 11P and the lens 12P are located at the front end of the device, resulting in a relatively heavy weight of the front end of the device.
  • a general waveguide-based augmented reality device 20P generally includes an image source assembly 21P, a lens assembly 22P, and a waveguide 23P, so that the image light emitted by the image source assembly 21P is focused through the lens assembly 22P Then, it is transmitted to the human eye through the waveguide 23P to present an enlarged virtual image, and the human eye can see the real object through the waveguide 23P, so that the virtual image and the real world are superimposed to complete the enhanced interaction.
  • the conventional waveguide-based augmented reality device 20P can solve the problems of larger size and heavier weight at the front end of the device, the lens assembly 22P has to be enlarged because the conventional waveguide-based augmented reality device 20P loses the return light path. Therefore, the volume and weight of the lens assembly 22P will be greatly increased, resulting in the usual waveguide-based augmented reality devices. The overall size and weight of the 20P will also become larger, and it is more difficult to accept that most of the weight of the usual waveguide-based augmented reality device 20P will be concentrated on the lens assembly 22P to cause uneven weight distribution, thereby affecting the wearing comfort of the user. .
  • An advantage of the present application is to provide a waveguide-based augmented reality device and a method thereof, which can reduce the size and weight of the device while ensuring that the image light has a sufficient optical path, thereby helping to improve the wearing comfort of the user.
  • Another advantage of the present application is to provide a waveguide-based augmented reality device and a method thereof, wherein, in an embodiment of the present application, the waveguide-based augmented reality device can use the planar folding technology in a smaller physical space Increasing the optical path of the image light helps to improve the compactness of the device structure and reduce the size and weight of the device.
  • Another advantage of the present application is to provide a waveguide-based augmented reality device and a method thereof, wherein, in an embodiment of the present application, the waveguide-based augmented reality device can encapsulate the planar folded optical component at the edge of the waveguide , so as to simplify the packaging process and improve the packaging quality, while avoiding interference to the coupling-in area and the coupling-out area of the waveguide.
  • Another advantage of the present application is to provide a waveguide-based augmented reality device and a method thereof, wherein, in an embodiment of the present application, the waveguide-based augmented reality device can integrally encapsulate the planar folded optical component and all the The waveguide is used to reduce the difficulty of aligning the projection area of the planar folded light assembly with the coupling-in area of the waveguide.
  • Another advantage of the present application is to provide a waveguide-based augmented reality device and a method thereof, wherein, in an embodiment of the present application, the waveguide-based augmented reality device can utilize the developing area pair of the planar folded optical component. Convergence or divergence of light to replace curved lenses for hyperopia or myopia, helping to enable hyperopia or myopia users to see clear virtual images and real objects directly using the waveguide-based augmented reality device for good enhancement real experience.
  • Another advantage of the present application is to provide a waveguide-based augmented reality device and method thereof, in which expensive materials or complicated structures are not required in the present application in order to achieve the above-mentioned objects. Therefore, the present application successfully and effectively provides a solution that not only provides a waveguide-based augmented reality device and method, but also increases the practicability and reliability of the waveguide-based augmented reality device and method.
  • the present application provides a waveguide-based augmented reality device, including:
  • an image source component for emitting image light
  • the waveguide assembly has an in-coupling region and an out-coupling region arranged side-by-side, and the coupling-in region of the waveguide assembly corresponds to the image source assembly;
  • a plane folded light assembly wherein the plane folded light assembly is disposed in the optical path between the image source assembly and the waveguide assembly, wherein the plane folded light assembly has optical power
  • the plane folded light assembly includes a plurality of planar optical elements stacked on top of each other to selectively fold an optical path between the image source assembly and the waveguide assembly by the plurality of planar optical elements for allowing the image source from the image source After the image light of the component is condensed or diverged while being folded multiple times in the planar folded optical component, it is first coupled in from the coupling region of the waveguide component, and then from the coupling area of the waveguide component. out-coupling.
  • the plurality of planar optical elements in the planar folded light assembly include a second optical element, a third optical element and a fourth optical element having optical power, wherein the The second optical element is used for transmitting the first polarized image light and selectively reflecting the second polarized image light; wherein the third optical element is used for combining the first polarized image light and the second polarized image light with the first polarized image light and the second polarized image light.
  • the three-polarized image light and the fourth-polarized image light are mutually converted; wherein the fourth optical element is used to reflect the third-polarized image light and transmit the fourth-polarized image light; wherein the first polarized image light and the second polarized image light
  • the polarized image light is polarized orthogonally to each other, and the third polarized image light and the fourth polarized image light are polarized orthogonally to each other.
  • the plurality of planar optical elements in the planar folded light assembly further includes a first optical element, wherein the first optical element is used to convert the image from the image source assembly The light is polarized to the first polarized image light, and the first optical element, the second optical element, the third optical element and the fourth optical element are sequentially stacked on the image source assembly and the optical paths between the waveguide assemblies.
  • the first optical element is a circular polarizer, wherein the circular polarizer is used to polarize the image light into circularly polarized light.
  • the plurality of planar optical elements in the planar folded light assembly further includes a first optical element, wherein the first optical element is used to convert the image from the image source assembly The light is polarized to the fourth polarized image light, and the first optical element, the fourth optical element, the third optical element, and the second optical element are sequentially stacked on the image source assembly and the optical paths between the waveguide assemblies.
  • the first optical element is a linear polarizer, wherein the linear polarizer is used to polarize the image light into linear polarized light.
  • the second optical element is a polarized body hologram, used to transmit one of left-handed circularly polarized image light and right-handed circularly polarized image light, and can selectively reflect the left-handed circularly polarized image light at an angle Another one of the polarized image light and the right-handed circularly polarized image light; wherein the third optical element is a 1/4 wave plate; wherein the fourth optical element is a polarized reflector for transmitting P polarization One of the image light and the S-polarized image light, and the other of the P-polarized image light and the S-polarized image light is reflected.
  • the second optical element and the third optical element are stacked at intervals to form a light transmission gap between the second optical element and the third optical element.
  • the plurality of planar optical elements in the planar folded light assembly further include a planar light-transmitting element, wherein the planar light-transmitting element is disposed in the light-transmitting gap, and the The refractive index of the planar light-transmitting element is greater than that of air.
  • the planar folded optical component is arranged to match the coupling-in area of the waveguide component.
  • the planar folded optical component is arranged to match the coupling-in region and the coupling-out region of the waveguide assembly at the same time.
  • the planar folded optical assembly is configured to match the coupling-in region and the coupling-out region of the waveguide assembly at the same time, and the first in the planar folded optical assembly Optical elements correspond only to the coupling-in regions of the waveguide assembly.
  • the second optical element in the planar folded light assembly has a first optical zone and a second optical zone arranged side by side, wherein the first optical zone of the second optical element the coupling-in area corresponding to the waveguide assembly for transmitting the first polarized image light and selectively reflecting the second polarized image light; wherein the second optical area of the second optical element The coupling-out area corresponding to the waveguide component is used for transmitting the second polarized image light and selectively reflecting the first polarized image light.
  • the second optical element comprises a first polarizer hologram and a second polarizer hologram with opposite polarization sensitive directions, wherein the first polarizer hologram and the second polarizer
  • the holograms are arranged side by side to provide the first optical zone and the second optical zone, respectively.
  • the waveguide component is an SRG diffractive waveguide or a two-dimensional array waveguide.
  • the present application further provides a method for manufacturing a waveguide-based augmented reality device, comprising the steps of:
  • a plane folded light assembly with optical power is arranged in the optical path between the image source assembly and the waveguide assembly, wherein the plane folded light assembly includes a plurality of plane optical elements stacked on each other to pass the plurality of plane optical elements
  • the flat optical element folds the light path between the image source assembly and the waveguide assembly with a selectable deflection angle, so that the image light from the image source assembly is refracted multiple times within the flat folded light assembly After being converged or diverged at the same time, it is first coupled in from the coupling-in region of the waveguide assembly, and then coupled out from the coupling-out region of the waveguide assembly.
  • the present application further provides a near-eye display method, comprising the steps of:
  • the condensed or diverged image light is transmitted to the human eye for imaging in total reflection.
  • the step of returning the image light multiple times with a selectable deflection angle to converge or diverge the image light includes the steps of:
  • the diverging or converging second polarized image light is converted to form a fourth polarized image light, wherein the fourth polarized image light and the third polarized image light are polarized orthogonally to each other.
  • the step of returning the image light multiple times with a selectable deflection angle to converge or diverge the image light includes the steps of:
  • the third polarized image light is reflected back to be converted into a first polarized image light, wherein the first polarized image light and the second polarized image light are polarized orthogonally to each other.
  • the step of totally reflecting the condensed or divergent image light to the human eye for imaging includes the steps of:
  • the fourth polarized image light that is conducted in total reflection is coupled out.
  • the step of totally reflecting the condensed or divergent image light to the human eye for imaging further includes the steps of:
  • the third polarized image light is reflected back to be converted into the second polarized image light and propagated to the human eye for imaging.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a general folding and transversal augmented reality device.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a conventional waveguide-based augmented reality device.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a waveguide-based augmented reality device according to a first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the optical path of the planar folded optical component of the waveguide-based augmented reality device according to the above-mentioned first embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4A shows a first example of the planar folded light assembly according to the above-described first embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4B shows a second example of the planar folded light assembly according to the above-described first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 shows a first variant embodiment of the planar folded light assembly according to the above-mentioned first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 shows a second variant embodiment of the planar folded light assembly according to the above-described first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 shows a third variant embodiment of the planar folded light assembly according to the above-mentioned first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a waveguide-based augmented reality device according to a second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 are schematic structural diagrams of a waveguide-based augmented reality device according to a third embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic flowchart of a manufacturing method of a waveguide-based augmented reality device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic flowchart of a near-eye display method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13A shows an example of one of the steps in the near-eye display method according to the above-mentioned embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13B shows another example of one of the steps in the near-eye display method according to the above-described embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 shows a schematic flowchart of the second step in the near-eye display method according to the above-mentioned embodiment of the present application.
  • the term "a” in the claims and the description should be understood as “one or more”, that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element may be one, and in another embodiment, the number of the element may be one Can be multiple. Unless it is clearly indicated in the disclosure of the present application that the number of the element is only one, the term “a” should not be construed as unique or single, and the term “a” should not be construed as a limitation on the number.
  • references to “first”, “second”, etc. are only for descriptive purposes, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
  • “connected” and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection ; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through a medium.
  • “connected” and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection ; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through a medium.
  • the existing catadioptric augmented reality device 10P can increase the optical path by returning the image light, it will cause the device The overall size of the front end is relatively large; at the same time, the image source assembly 11P and the lens 12P are located at the front end of the device, resulting in a heavy weight of the front end of the device; and as shown in Figure 2, the existing waveguide-based augmented reality Although the device 20P can solve the problems of the larger size and heavier weight of the front end of the device, because the existing waveguide-based augmented reality device 20P loses the return light path, the number of lenses in the lens assembly 22P has to be increased to extend the optical path.
  • the volume and weight of the lens assembly 22P will increase dramatically, resulting in the overall size and size of the existing waveguide-based augmented reality device 20P.
  • the weight will also increase, and it is more unacceptable that most of the weight of the existing waveguide-based augmented reality device 20P will be concentrated on the lens assembly 22P to cause uneven weight distribution, thereby affecting the wearing comfort of the user.
  • the first embodiment of the present application provides a waveguide-based augmented reality device, which can ensure that the image light has a sufficient optical path, while reducing the The size and weight of the small device helps improve wearing comfort for the user.
  • the waveguide-based augmented reality device 1 may include an image source assembly 10 for emitting image light 100 , a waveguide assembly 20 and a planar folded light assembly 30 .
  • the waveguide assembly 20 has an in-coupling region 201 and an out-coupling region 202 arranged side by side, and the coupling-in region 201 of the waveguide assembly 20 corresponds to the image source assembly 10 .
  • the plane folded light assembly 30 is disposed in the optical path between the image source assembly 10 and the waveguide assembly 20, wherein the plane folded light assembly 30 has optical power, and the plane folded light assembly 30 includes A plurality of planar optical elements 300 superimposed on each other, so as to fold the optical path between the image source assembly 10 and the waveguide assembly 20 with a selectable deflection angle through the plurality of planar optical elements 300, so that the optical path from the image source assembly 10 and the waveguide assembly 20 can be folded.
  • the image light 100 of the image source assembly 10 is condensed or diverged while being folded back multiple times in the plane folded light assembly 30, it is first coupled in from the coupling region 201 of the waveguide assembly 20, and then from the coupling region 201 of the waveguide assembly 20.
  • the coupling-out region 202 of the waveguide assembly 20 is coupled out, so as to be introduced into the human eye for imaging to view a virtual image corresponding to the image light 100 .
  • the external ambient light can also be introduced into the human eye for imaging to view a real image corresponding to the ambient light, thereby obtaining an augmented reality experience.
  • the image light 100 of the present application can be implemented as a light with a certain angle and carrying image information.
  • the waveguide-based augmented reality device 1 of the above-mentioned first embodiment of the present application folds the optical path by the plane folding light assembly 30 with a selectable deflection angle, so that the image light 100 is in the
  • the plane folded light assembly 30 is folded back many times along the folded optical path and is converged or diverged, so as to selectively change the image light 100 while extending the optical path of the image light 100 in a limited space Therefore, when providing the same long optical path and the same convergence or divergence effect, the thickness and size of the plane folded light assembly 30 will be much smaller than the traditional lens group (the lens shown in FIG. 2 ).
  • the thickness and size of the component 22P that is, the volume and weight of the plane folded optical component 30 are much smaller than the volume and weight of the lens group, so that the volume and weight of the entire device are reduced, which is conducive to improving the User's wearing comfort.
  • the plane optical elements 300 of the plane folded light assembly 30 all have flat surfaces and are overlapped with each other, compared with the semi-reflective semi-mirrors that all have curved surfaces in the common folding augmented reality device 10P 13P and the curved mirror 14P, the waveguide-based augmented reality device 1 of the present application is superior to the general fold-back augmented reality device 10P in size and compactness, and the flat folded light assembly 30 is easier to assemble, greatly reducing the The assembly cost of the waveguide-based augmented reality device 1 is calculated.
  • the plurality of planar optical elements 300 in the planar folded light assembly 30 of the waveguide-based augmented reality device 1 may include a first optical element 301 having a A second optical element 302, a third optical element 303 and a fourth optical element 304 of optical power, and the first optical element 301, the second optical element 302, the third optical element 303 and The fourth optical element 304 is sequentially stacked in the optical path between the image source assembly 10 and the waveguide assembly 20 .
  • the first optical element 301 is used for polarizing the image light 100 into the first polarized image light 101 .
  • the second optical element 302 is used for transmitting the first polarized image light 101 and reflecting the second polarized image light 102 at a selectable angle.
  • the third optical element 303 is used to convert the first polarized image light 101 and the second polarized image light 102 to the third polarized image light 103 and the fourth polarized image light 104 to each other.
  • the fourth optical element 304 is used to reflect the third polarized image light 103 and transmit the fourth polarized image light 104 . It can be understood that, when the second polarized image light 102 is reflected by the second optical element 302, its incident angle may not be equal to the reflection angle, but the second polarized light is reflected at a preset specific angle.
  • the image light 102 is used to converge or diverge the second polarized image light 102 as required.
  • the image light 100 from the image source assembly 10 propagates to the first optical element 301 to be polarized by the first optical element 301 into the first polarized image light 101; then, the first polarized image light 101 propagates to the second optical element 302 to be converted into the third polarized image by the third optical element 303 after passing through the second optical element 302 light 103 ; the third polarized image light 103 then travels to the fourth optical element 304 to be reflected by the fourth optical element 304 back to the third optical element 303 by the third optical element 303 converted into the second polarized image light 102; after that, the second polarized image light 102 propagates to the second optical element 302 to be reflected back to the first optical element 302 at a selectable deflection angle
  • the third optical element 303 is then converted into the fourth polarized image light 104 by the third optical element 303; finally, the fourth polarized image light 104 propagates to the fourth optical element 304 to pass through the
  • the image source assembly 10 since the image light of various polarization states is refracted back and forth between the second optical element 302 and the fourth optical element 304 in the plane folded light assembly 30, the image source assembly 10 The optical path with the waveguide assembly 20 is folded in the plane folded optical assembly 30 to achieve the effect of extending the optical path in a limited space.
  • first polarized image light 101 and the second polarized image light 102 are mutually orthogonally polarized
  • the third polarized image light 103 and the fourth polarized image light 104 are mutually orthogonally polarized polarization
  • the first optical element 301, the second optical element 302, the third optical element 303 and the fourth optical element 304 can utilize the usual
  • the optical element can achieve the above-mentioned effects, which helps to reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the planar folded light assembly 30 .
  • the first optical element 301 in the planar folded light assembly 30 is implemented as a circular polarizer 31 , wherein the circular polarizer 31 is used to polarize the image light into Circularly polarized light, for example, the image light 100 from the image source assembly 10 can be polarized by the circular polarizer 31 into a left-handed circularly polarized image light (ie, image light with a left-handed circular polarization state) or a right-handed circularly polarized light Polarized image light (ie, image light with right-handed circular polarization).
  • a left-handed circularly polarized image light ie, image light with a left-handed circular polarization state
  • a right-handed circularly polarized light Polarized image light ie, image light with right-handed circular polarization
  • the circular polarizer 31 can be implemented as, but not limited to, a circular polarizing film, which helps to reduce the difficulty of manufacturing and assembling the first optical element 301 . It can be understood that the circular polarizer 31 can also be implemented as other forms of optical elements such as circular polarizers, as long as the image light 100 from the image source assembly 10 can be polarized to the first The polarized image light 101 is sufficient, which will not be repeated in this application.
  • the second optical element 302 in the planar folded optical assembly 30 is optionally implemented as a polarizing body hologram 32, wherein the polarizing body hologram 32 is designed to transmit all one of the left-handed circularly polarized image light and the right-handed circularly polarized image light, and the other of the left-handed circularly polarized image light and the right-handed circularly polarized image light is selectively angularly reflected.
  • the polarizing body hologram 32 can be implemented as a polarizing body holographic film but is not limited to, which helps to reduce the difficulty of manufacturing and assembling the second optical element 302 .
  • the polarizer hologram 32 is an anisotropic optical element fabricated by holographic technology, generally a grating array structure formed by a helical photopolymer formed by liquid crystal arrangement, which has angular selectivity and polarization Selectivity, so as to emit light at different positions according to different deflection angles, so that the plane structure of the polarizer hologram 32 has optical power, so as to realize the same function of converging or diverging light as the curved lens.
  • the polarizing body hologram 32 can also be implemented as other forms of optical elements such as polarizing body holograms, as long as the first polarized image light 101 can be transmitted and the second polarized image light can be reflected 102, which is not repeated in this application.
  • the third optical element 303 in the planar folded optical assembly 30 is optionally implemented as a 1/4 wave plate 33 , wherein the 1/4 wave plate 33 is used to convert the linear polarization Light (eg, P-polarized image light or S-polarized image light) and circularly polarized light (eg, the left-handed circularly polarized image light or the right-handed circularly polarized image light) are interconverted.
  • the 1/4 wave plate 33 is used to convert the linear polarization Light (eg, P-polarized image light or S-polarized image light) and circularly polarized light (eg, the left-handed circularly polarized image light or the right-handed circularly polarized image light) are interconverted.
  • the fourth optical element 304 in the planar folded light assembly 30 is optionally implemented as a polarized reflector 34 , wherein the polarized reflector 34 is used to reflect the S-polarized image light and one of the P-polarized image light, and transmits the other of the S-polarized image light and the P-polarized image light.
  • the polarized reflective member 34 can be implemented as a polarized reflective film, but is not limited to, for reflecting the S-polarized image light and transmitting the P-polarized image light, helping to reduce the fourth optical element 304 is difficult to manufacture and assemble.
  • the polarized reflector 34 can also be implemented as other forms of optical elements such as polarized beam splitters, as long as the fourth polarized image light 104 can be transmitted and the third polarized image light 103 can be reflected. Yes, this application will not repeat it.
  • the first polarized image light 101 and the second polarized image light 102 may be sequentially implemented as image light with a left-handed circular polarization state (referred to as left-handed circularly polarized image light) and image light having a right-handed circularly polarized state (referred to as right-handed circularly polarized image light), and the third polarized image light 103 and the fourth polarized image light 104 are sequentially implemented correspondingly.
  • the circular polarizer 31 in the planar folded light assembly 30 is used to polarize the image light 100 into the left-handed circle polarized image light;
  • the polarizer hologram 32 is used to transmit the left-handed circularly polarized image light, and can select the deflection angle to reflect the right-handed circularly polarized image light;
  • the 1/4 wave plate 33 is used to The P-polarized image light and the S-polarized image light are mutually converted with the left-handed circularly polarized image light and the right-handed circularly polarized image light;
  • the polarized reflector 34 is used to transmit the P-polarized image light and reflect the S-polarized image light.
  • the image light 100 from the image source assembly 10 propagates to the circular polarizer 31 to be polarized by the circular polarizer 31 into the left-handed circularly polarized image light;
  • the left-handed circularly polarized image light propagates to the polarizing body hologram 32 to be converted into the S-polarized image light by the quarter wave plate 33 after passing through the polarizing body hologram 32;
  • the S-polarized image light propagates to the polarization reflector 34 to be converted into the right-handed circle by the quarter-wave plate 33 after being reflected back to the quarter-wave plate 33 by the polarization reflector 34 polarized image light;
  • the right-handed circularly polarized image light propagates to the polarizing body hologram 32 to be reflected back to the quarter wave plate 33 by the polarizing body hologram 32 with a selectable deflection angle
  • the 1/4 wave plate 33 is converted into the P-polarized image light; finally, the P-polarized image light
  • the first polarized image light 101 and the second polarized image light 102 may also be sequentially implemented as right-handed circularly polarized image light and Left-handed circularly polarized image light, and the third polarized image light 103 and the fourth polarized image light 104 are still sequentially implemented as S-polarized image light and P-polarized image light.
  • the circular polarizer 31 in the planar folded light assembly 30 is used to polarize the image light 100 to the right-handed Circularly polarized image light;
  • the polarized body hologram 32' in the plane folded light assembly 30 is designed to transmit the right-handed circularly polarized image light, and can select the deflection angle to reflect the left-handed circularly polarized image light;
  • the 1/4 wave plate 33 is used to convert the P-polarized image light and the S-polarized image light to the left-handed circularly polarized image light and the right-handed circularly polarized image light;
  • the P-polarized image light is transmitted, and the S-polarized image light is reflected.
  • the image light 100 from the image source assembly 10 propagates to the circular polarizer 31 to be polarized by the circular polarizer 31 into the right-handed circularly polarized image light
  • the right-handed circularly polarized image light propagates to the polarizing body hologram 32' to be converted into the S-polarized image by the 1/4 wave plate 33 after passing through the polarizing body hologram 32'
  • the S-polarized image light propagates to the polarized reflection member 34 to be converted by the 1/4 wave plate 33 into the the left-handed circularly polarized image light;
  • the left-handed circularly polarized image light propagates to the polarizing body hologram 32' to be reflected back to the 1/4 wave at a selectable deflection angle by the polarizing body hologram 32'
  • the P-polarized image light is then converted into the P-polarized image light by the 1/4 wave plate 33; finally, the P-polarized image light propagates to the polarization reflection member 34
  • the coupling-in region 201 of the waveguide assembly 20 can be coupled into the waveguide assembly 20 from the coupling-in region 201, so that the optical path between the image source assembly 10 and the waveguide assembly 20 can still be in the plane
  • the inside of the folded light assembly 30 is folded with a selectable deflection angle to achieve the effect of extending the optical path in a limited space, and at the same time, it can also converge or diverge the image light as required.
  • the third polarized image light 103 and the fourth polarized image light 104 may also be sequentially implemented as P-polarized image light and S-polarized image light.
  • the polarized reflection member 34 only needs to be adjusted to transmit the S-polarized image light and reflect the P-polarized image light. This will not be repeated here.
  • the waveguide assembly 20 can be, but is not limited to, be implemented as an SRG (surface relief grating) diffractive waveguide or a two-dimensional arrayed waveguide, etc. Repeat.
  • the image source assembly 10 may not be limited to be implemented as a self-luminous OLED or Micro LED; it may also be implemented as a backlight LCD or LCOS, and uses LEDs or lasers for illumination, which will not be repeated in this application. It can be understood that, when the image light 100 emitted by the image source assembly 10 itself is the first polarized image light 101, the first optical element 301 in the plane folding assembly 30 can be omitted in order to further reduce the thickness of the flat folding assembly 30 .
  • the second optical element 302 and the third optical element 303 are optionally stacked at intervals, so that the second optical element 302 and the third optical element 303 A light-transmitting gap 3000 is formed therebetween, so that the distance between the second optical element 302 and the fourth optical element 304 is increased, which is helpful to increase the optical path in the plane folded light assembly 30 .
  • the light-transmitting gap 3000 is implemented as an air gap 3001, so as to increase the plane folded light without increasing the overall weight of the plane folded light assembly 30
  • the optical path within the assembly 30 in other words, no other optical elements are provided between the second optical element 302 and the third optical element 303, so that the second optical element 302 and the third optical element 303
  • the air gap 3001 is formed therebetween.
  • the first optical element 301 and the second optical element 302 can be in close contact with each other
  • the third optical element 303 and the fourth optical element 304 can be in close contact with each other.
  • FIG. 5 shows a first variant implementation of the waveguide-based augmented reality device 1 according to the above-mentioned first embodiment of the present application.
  • the waveguide-based augmented reality device 1 according to the first modified embodiment of the present application is different in that the third optical element 303 and the The fourth optical elements 304 are stacked at intervals to form the light-transmitting gap 3000 between the third optical element 303 and the fourth optical element 304, so that the second optical element 302 and the The distance between the fourth optical elements 304 is increased, which helps to increase the optical path in the planar folded light assembly 30 .
  • the first optical element 301 , the second optical element 302 and the third optical element 303 can be in close contact with each other.
  • FIG. 6 shows a second variant embodiment of the waveguide-based augmented reality device 1 according to the above-described first embodiment of the present application.
  • the waveguide-based augmented reality device 1 according to the second modified embodiment of the present application is different in that: the planar folded light assembly 30 may further include A planar light-transmitting element 305, wherein the planar light-transmitting element 305 is disposed in the light-transmitting gap 3000, and the refractive index of the planar light-transmitting element 305 is greater than that of air, so as to provide the same optical path under the condition of Therefore, the thickness of the planar light-transmitting element 305 may be thinner than that of the air gap 3001 , which helps to further reduce the thickness of the planar folded light assembly 30 .
  • the plane light-transmitting element 305 is implemented as a plane lens 35, wherein the plane lens 35 has an upper flat surface 351 and a lower flat surface 352, and the second optical element 302 and the third optical element 303 are respectively attached to the upper flat surface 351 and the lower flat surface 352 of the plane lens 35, so as to ensure the second optical element 302 and the first flat surface 352.
  • the flatness of the three optical elements 303 reduces the assembly difficulty of the plane folded light assembly 30 .
  • the polarizer hologram film can be coated on the upper flat surface 351 of the plane lens 35 to ensure that the polarizer The holographic film has high flatness.
  • first optical element 301 and the fourth optical element 304 may also be respectively attached to the second optical element 302 and the third optical element 303, respectively, In order to further reduce the assembly difficulty of the flat folded light assembly 30 .
  • FIG. 7 shows a third variant embodiment of the waveguide-based augmented reality device 1 according to the above-mentioned first embodiment of the present application.
  • the waveguide-based augmented reality device 1 according to the third modified embodiment of the present application is different in that the second optical element 302 is different from the The positions of the fourth optical elements 304 are exchanged with each other, and the first optical element 301 ′ is used to polarize the image light 100 into the fourth polarized image light 104 .
  • the first optical element 301 ′, the fourth optical element 304 , the third optical element 303 and the second optical element 302 in the plane folded light assembly 30 are sequentially stacked on the between the image source assembly 10 and the waveguide assembly 20 .
  • the first optical element 301' is implemented as a linear polarizer 31' for polarizing the image light 100 into linearly polarized light, such as P-polarized image light.
  • the linear polarizer 31 ′ can also be used to polarize the image light 100 into S-polarized image light.
  • the fourth optical element 304 will transmit the S-polarized image light and Reflects P-polarized image light.
  • the image light 100 from the image source assembly 10 propagates to the linear polarizer 31 ′ to be polarized by the linear polarizer 31 ′ into the P-polarized image light (ie the fourth polarized image light 104 ); then, the P-polarized image light propagates to the polarized reflection member 34 to be converted by the 1/4 wave plate 33 into the polarized reflection member 34 after passing through the polarized reflection member 34
  • the left-handed circularly polarized image light ie, the second polarized image light 102
  • the left-handed circularly polarized image light propagates to the polarizing body hologram 32 ′ to be detectable by the polarizing body hologram 32 ′.
  • the 1/4 wave plate 33 After being reflected back to the 1/4 wave plate 33 with a selective deflection angle, the 1/4 wave plate 33 converts it into the S-polarized image light (ie, the third polarized image light 103 ); after that, the S-polarized image light It propagates to the polarized reflection member 34 to be converted into the right-handed circularly polarized image light by the 1/4 wave plate 33 after being reflected back to the 1/4 wave plate 33 by the polarized reflection member 34 (ie, the first A polarized image light 101); finally, the right-handed circularly polarized image light propagates to the polarizer hologram 32' to transmit to the coupling of the waveguide assembly 20 through the polarizer hologram 32' into region 201 to couple into the waveguide assembly 20 from the coupling-in region 201 , still enabling the optical path between the image source assembly 10 and the waveguide assembly 20 to be selectable within the planar folded optical assembly 30
  • the deflection angle is folded to achieve the effect of extending the optical path in a limited
  • the coupling between the planar folded optical component 30 and the waveguide component 20 The regions 201 are set to match, that is, the planar folded light assembly 30 corresponds to the coupling-in region 201 of the waveguide assembly 20, so that the condensed or diverged image light via the planar folded light assembly 30 and the
  • the coupling-in region 201 of the waveguide assembly 20 is matched to be coupled into the waveguide assembly 20 from the coupling-in region 201 of the waveguide assembly 20 .
  • the plane folded optical assembly 30 matches the coupling region 201 of the waveguide assembly 20 , the plane folded optical assembly 30 can only be assembled in the coupling region of the waveguide assembly 20 . area 201 , so this will bring many inconveniences to the assembly of the waveguide-based augmented reality device 1 , for example, it is difficult to precisely align the planar folded optical component 30 with the coupling-in area 201 of the waveguide component 20 .
  • the flat-folded light assembly 30 needs to be individually assembled with an assembly bracket to support the multiple A flat optical element 300 is maintained to maintain sufficient flatness, and then the assembled flat folded optical component 30 is installed in the coupling area 201 of the waveguide component 20, but this will not only increase the assembly process, increase the assembly It is difficult, and the assembling bracket of the flat folding light assembly 30 will block the user's sight to affect the user's comfortable experience.
  • a second embodiment of the present application provides a waveguide-based augmented reality device.
  • the waveguide-based augmented reality device 1 according to the second embodiment of the present application is different in that: the The plane folded optical assembly 30 is set to match the in-coupling region 201 and the coupling-out region 202 of the waveguide assembly 20 at the same time, that is, the plane folded optical assembly 30 corresponds to the waveguide assembly 20 at the same time.
  • the coupling-in region 201 and the coupling-out region 202 are so that the planar folded optical assembly 30 and the waveguide assembly 20 can be integrally assembled using the same assembly bracket, so that the waveguide-based augmented reality device 1 Appearance is similar to ordinary glasses, that is, a flat plate with a thickness of several millimeters, and the structure is more compact, and there is no need to worry about the assembly bracket affecting the user's sight.
  • the same as the above-mentioned first embodiment of the present application is that the image light 100 from the image source assembly 10 is folded back multiple times through the plane folded light assembly 30 and converted into the fourth polarized image light 104 In order to couple in from the coupling-in region 201 of the waveguide assembly 20 and couple out the waveguide assembly 20 from the coupling-out region 202 .
  • the difference from the above-mentioned first embodiment of the present application is that the fourth polarized image light 104 coupled out from the coupling-out region 202 will propagate to the third optical element 304 after passing through the fourth optical element 304 .
  • the optical element 303 is converted into the first polarized image light 101; after that, the first polarized image light 101 sequentially transmits through the second optical element 302 and the first optical element 301 to propagate to the human eye to form Virtual images can still enable users to experience augmented reality.
  • the fourth polarized image light 104 in the second embodiment of the present application may be implemented as P-polarized image light, and the The first polarized image light 101 is correspondingly implemented as left-handed circularly polarized image light.
  • the image beam coupled into the waveguide assembly 20 from the coupling-in region 201 of the waveguide assembly 20 is usually parallel light, it is ensured that the image beam is transmitted in the waveguide assembly 20. Therefore, the image beam coupled out of the outcoupling region 202 of the waveguide assembly 20 remains unchanged when incident on the user's eyes because it is not selectively angularly reflected in the planar folded light assembly 30. Parallel light.
  • the augmented reality device 1 has to wear one's own glasses for nearsightedness or farsightedness, which greatly limits the use and comfortable experience of people with nearsightedness or farsightedness.
  • the third embodiment of the present application provides an augmented reality device 1 based on a waveguide, which can meet the needs of people with nearsightedness or farsightedness, so that they can obtain better performance without wearing glasses for nearsightedness or farsightedness.
  • Good augmented reality experience Specifically, as shown in FIGS.
  • the waveguide-based augmented reality device 1A according to the third embodiment of the present application is different from the above-described second embodiment according to the present application in that :
  • the second optical element 302A of the planar folded light assembly 30A has a first optical area 3021A and a second optical area 3022A arranged side by side, wherein the first optical area 3021A of the second optical element 302A corresponds to The coupling-in region 201 of the waveguide assembly 20 is used to transmit the first polarized image light 101 and selectively reflect the second polarized image light 102;
  • the second optical area 3022A corresponds to the out-coupling area 202 of the waveguide assembly 20 , and is used for transmitting the second polarized image light 102 and selectively reflecting the first polarized image light 101 .
  • the first optical element 301 of the planar folded optical assembly 30A only matches the coupling region 201 of the waveguide assembly 20 .
  • the image light 100 from the image source assembly 10 propagates to the first optical element 301 to be
  • the first optical element 301 is polarized to the first polarized image light 101; then, the first polarized image light 101 propagates to the first optical region 3021A of the second optical element 302A to transmit
  • the first optical area 3021A of the second optical element 302A is converted into the third polarized image light 103 by the third optical element 303; then, the third polarized image light 103 propagates to the
  • the fourth optical element 304 is converted into the second polarized image light 102 by the third optical element 303 after being reflected back to the third optical element 303 by the fourth optical element 304; after that, the second polarized image light 102 Image light 102 propagates to the first optical area 3021A of the second optical element 302A to be reflected back to the third optical area at a selectable deflection angle by the
  • the fourth polarized image light 104 coupled out from the coupling-out region 202 propagates to the fourth optical
  • the element 304 is converted into the first polarized image light 101 by the third optical element 303 after passing through the fourth optical element 304; secondly, the first polarized image light 101 propagates to the second optical element
  • the second optical area 3022A of element 302A is converted to the third optical element 303 by the third optical element 303 after being reflected back to the third optical element 303 by the second optical area 3022A of the second optical element 302A
  • the third polarized image light 103 after that, the third polarized image light 103 propagates to the fourth optical element 304 to be reflected by the fourth optical element 304 back to the third optical element 303 by the third optical element 303
  • the three optical elements 303 are converted into the second polarized image light 102; finally, the second polarized image light 102 first propag
  • the planar folded light assembly 30A of the waveguide-based augmented reality device 1A according to the third embodiment of the present application is in While the image beam coupled out from the coupling-out region 202 is folded multiple times, the image light beam can also be selectively reflected at an angle to diverge or converge the light, that is, the coupling-out region 202 of the waveguide assembly 20
  • the corresponding planar folded optical assembly 30A utilizes folded optical paths to realize the convergence or divergence of light beams, so that the parallel light beams coupled out from the coupling-out region 202 of the waveguide assembly 20 are formed after passing through the planar folded optical assembly 30A.
  • Converging beams (as shown in Figure 9) or diverging beams (as shown in Figure 10) to guide the human eye for imaging, helping people with farsightedness or nearsightedness to see clear virtual images without wearing glasses for farsightedness or nearsightedness .
  • the ambient light will also be converged or diverged when passing through the waveguide-based augmented reality device 1A, so that people with farsightedness or nearsightedness can see a clear real image of the environment without wearing farsighted or nearsighted glasses, Therefore, the needs of people with farsightedness or nearsightedness can be well met, so that they can obtain a better augmented reality experience without wearing glasses for farsightedness or nearsightedness.
  • the second optical element 302A in the plane folded optical assembly 30A includes a first polarizing body hologram 321A and a second polarizing body hologram 322A with opposite polarization sensitive directions, wherein the first polarizer hologram 321A and the second polarizer hologram 322A are arranged side by side to provide the first optical zone 3021A and the second optical zone 3022A, respectively, wherein the first polarizer
  • the hologram 321A is the same as the above-mentioned polarizer hologram 32, and is used for transmitting the left-handed circularly polarized image light and reflecting the right-handed circularly polarized image light with a selectable deflection angle; wherein the second polarizer hologram 322A is connected to
  • the above-mentioned polarizer hologram 32' is the same, and is used to transmit the right-handed circularly polarized image light, and to reflect the left-handed circularly polarized image
  • the first polarizer hologram 321A in the second optical element 302A is integrally connected to the second polarizer hologram 322A to simplify the assembly of the plane folded optical assembly 30A.
  • the first polarizing body hologram 321A in the second optical element 302A may also be spaced apart from the second polarizing body hologram 322A, so as to make the The first polarizer hologram 321A and the second polarizer hologram 322A.
  • the diopter of the waveguide-based augmented reality device 1A is determined by the optical power (ie, the reflection angle) of the second optical element 302A, therefore, The waveguide-based augmented reality device 1A obtains different dioptric powers by selecting the second optical element 302A with different refractive powers to meet the needs of different people with myopia or hyperopia.
  • the present application further provides a method of fabricating a waveguide-based augmented reality device.
  • the method for manufacturing the waveguide-based augmented reality device may include the steps:
  • S120 Disposing a plane folded optical component with optical power in the optical path between the image source component and the waveguide component, wherein the plane folded optical component includes a plurality of plane optical elements superposed on each other, so as to pass the a plurality of planar optical elements selectively deflected to fold the light path between the image source assembly and the waveguide assembly for causing the image light from the image source assembly to be multiplexed within the planar folded light assembly After being converged or diverged while being folded back, it is first coupled in from the coupling-in region of the waveguide assembly, and then coupled out from the coupling-out region of the waveguide assembly.
  • a first optical element, a second optical element, a third optical element and a fourth optical element are stacked in sequence to form the planar folded light assembly.
  • the present application further provides a near-eye display method.
  • the near-eye display method may include the steps:
  • S230 Conducting the condensed or diverged image light in total reflection to the human eye for imaging.
  • the step S220 of the near-eye display method may include the steps of:
  • S221 polarize the image light to form a first polarized image light
  • S223 Reflecting the third polarized image light back to be converted into a second polarized image light, wherein the second polarized image light and the first polarized image light are polarized orthogonally to each other;
  • S224 Selectably reflect back the second polarized image light to diverge or converge the second polarized image light
  • S225 Convert the diverging or converging second polarized image light to form a fourth polarized image light, wherein the fourth polarized image light and the third polarized image light are polarized orthogonally to each other.
  • the step S220 of the near-eye display method may include the steps of:
  • S221' polarize the image light to form a fourth polarized image light
  • S222' transmit the fourth polarized image light to be converted into a second polarized image light
  • S223' selectably reflect back the second polarized image light to diverge or converge the second polarized image light
  • S224' converting the diverging or converging second polarized image light to form a third polarized image light, wherein the third polarized image light and the fourth polarized image light are polarized orthogonally to each other;
  • S225' The third polarized image light is reflected back to be converted into a first polarized image light, wherein the first polarized image light and the second polarized image light are polarized orthogonally to each other.
  • the step S230 of the near-eye display method may include the steps of:
  • the step S230 of the near-eye display method further includes the steps of:
  • S234 Transmit the coupled out fourth polarized image light to be converted into the first polarized image light
  • S235 Selectably reflect back the first polarized image light to diverge or converge the first polarized image light
  • S237 Reflect the third polarized image light back to be converted into the second polarized image light and propagate to the human eye for imaging.

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Abstract

一种基于波导的增强现实装置（1）及其方法，包括：用于发射图像光（100）的一图像源组件（10）；具有并排布置的耦入区域（201）和耦出区域（202）的一波导组件（20），其中波导组件（20）的耦入区域（201）对应于图像源组件（10）；以及被设置于图像源组件（10）和波导组件（20）之间的光路中的一平面折叠光组件（30），其中平面折叠光组件（30）具有光焦度，并且平面折叠光组件（30）包括相互叠置的多个平面光学元件（300），以通过多个平面光学元件（300）可选择偏转角度地折叠图像源组件（10）和波导组件（20）之间的光路。

Description

基于波导的增强现实装置及其方法
相关申请
本申请要求2020年12月30日申请的，申请号为202011607192.4，发明名称为“基于波导的增强现实装置及其方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及增强现实技术领域，特别是涉及一种基于波导的增强现实装置及其方法。
背景技术
近年来，微型显示芯片技术的出现，使得小型化和高分辨率的投影显示成为可能。随着投影显示技术的不断发展以及市场需求，可穿戴的微投影系统越来越受到重视，尤其是在现如今发展火热的增强现实(Augmented reality,AR)等领域。增强现实又称扩增现实或混合现实，是一种将虚拟物体叠加到真实环境并进行互动的技术，通过将虚拟物体的图像以及真实环境的图像透射到用户眼中，使用户获得虚拟与现实融合的体验。
目前，虽然市场上存在多种AR光学系统方案，但真正能够面向消费者的产品仍然存在很多不足，比如，亮度低、视场角小、尺寸大、成本高、设备笨重等。特别是随着自发光显示芯片作为图像显示源的折反式光学系统出现，因其在控制成本、减小体积以及降低难度上具有一定优势而备受青睐。如图1所示，通常的折反式增强现实设备10P通常包括图像源组件11P、透镜12P、半反半透镜13P以及曲面反射镜14P，通过该图像源组件11P发射的图像光线，在经由该透镜12P聚焦后，再经由该半反半透镜13P和该曲面反射镜14P反射至人眼中以呈现放大的虚像，而人眼能够透过该半反半透镜13P和该曲面反射镜14P看到真实物体，使得虚拟图像与真实世界叠加即可完成增强交互。
然而，通常的折反式增强现实设备10P虽然能够通过折返图像光而增加光程，但会因采用的半反半透镜13P和曲面反射镜14P均为曲面元件而导致设备前端的整体尺寸却比较大；与此同时，图像源组件11P和透镜12P均位于设备的前端，造成设备前端的重量也比较重。
而随着波导技术的发展，波导技术也逐渐被广泛应用到增强现实领域，以替代通常的折返式增强现实设备10P中的半反半透镜13P和曲面反射镜14P。例如，如图2所示，一般的基于波导的增强现实设备20P通常包括图像源组件21P、透镜组件22P以及波导23P，这样通过该图像源组件21P发射的图像光线，在经由该透镜组件22P聚焦后，再经由该波导23P传导至人眼中以呈现放大的虚像，而人眼能够透过该波导23P看到真实物体，使得虚拟图像与真实世界叠加即可完成增强交互。
然而，通常的基于波导的增强现实设备20P虽然能够解决设备前端尺寸较大、重量较重的问题，但因为通常的基于波导的增强现实设备20P失去了折返光路而不得不增大该透镜组件22P中的透镜数量来延长光程，以确保图像光线具有足够的光程而形成质量较高的虚拟图像，这样该透镜组件22P的体积和重量将急剧变大，导致通常的基于波导的增强现实设备20P的整体尺寸和重量也将变大，更难以接受的是通常的基于波导的增强现实设备20P的大部分重量将集中到该透镜组件22P以造成重量分布不均匀，进而影响用户的佩戴舒适度。
发明内容
本申请的一优势在于提供一基于波导的增强现实装置及其方法，其能够在保证图像光具有足够的光程的同时，减小装置的尺寸和重量，有助于改善用户的佩戴舒适度。
本申请的另一优势在于提供一基于波导的增强现实装置及其方法，其中，在本申请的一实施例中，所述基于波导的增强现实装置能够采用平面折叠技术在较小的物理空间内增加图像光的光程，有助于提高装置结构的紧凑性，降低装置的尺寸和重量。
本申请的另一优势在于提供一基于波导的增强现实装置及其方法，其中，在本申请的一实施例中， 所述基于波导的增强现实装置能够在波导的边缘对平面折叠光组件进行封装，以在简化封装工艺、提高封装质量的同时，避免对波导的耦入区域和耦出区域产生干扰。
本申请的另一优势在于提供一基于波导的增强现实装置及其方法，其中，在本申请的一实施例中，所述基于波导的增强现实装置能够整体地封装所述平面折叠光组件和所述波导，以便降低所述平面折叠光组件的投影区域与所述波导的耦入区域的对准难度。
本申请的另一优势在于提供一基于波导的增强现实装置及其方法，其中，在本申请的一实施例中，所述基于波导的增强现实装置能够利用所述平面折叠光组件的显影区域对光线进行会聚或发散，以替代曲面的远视或近视镜片，有助于使远视或近视用户直接使用所述基于波导的增强现实装置就能够看到清晰的虚拟图像和真实物体，从而获得良好的增强现实体验。
本申请的另一优势在于提供一基于波导的增强现实装置及其方法，其中为了达到上述目的，在本申请中不需要采用昂贵的材料或复杂的结构。因此，本申请成功和有效地提供一解决方案，不只提供一基于波导的增强现实装置及其方法，同时还增加了所述基于波导的增强现实装置及其方法的实用性和可靠性。
为了实现上述至少一优势或其他优势和目的，本申请提供了一基于波导的增强现实装置，包括：
一图像源组件，用于发射图像光；
一波导组件，其中所述波导组件具有并排布置的耦入区域和耦出区域，并且所述波导组件的所述耦入区域对应于所述图像源组件；以及
一平面折叠光组件，其中所述平面折叠光组件被设置于所述图像源组件和所述波导组件之间的光路中，其中所述平面折叠光组件具有光焦度，并且所述平面折叠光组件包括相互叠置的多个平面光学元件，以通过所述多个平面光学元件可选择偏转角度地折叠所述图像源组件和所述波导组件之间的光路，用于使来自所述图像源组件的该图像光在所述平面折叠光组件内被多次折返的同时被会聚或发散之后，先从所述波导组件的所述耦入区域耦入，再从所述波导组件的所述耦出区域耦出。
根据本申请的一实施例，所述平面折叠光组件中的所述多个平面光学元件包括具有光焦度的一第二光学元件、一第三光学元件以及一第四光学元件，其中所述第二光学元件用于透射第一偏振图像光，且可选择角度地反射第二偏振图像光；其中所述第三光学元件用于将该第一偏振图像光和该第二偏振图像光与第三偏振图像光和第四偏振图像光相互转换；其中所述第四光学元件用于反射该第三偏振图像光，且透射该第四偏振图像光；其中该第一偏振图像光与该第二偏振图像光相互正交地偏振，并且该第三偏振图像光与该第四偏振图像光相互正交地偏振。
根据本申请的一实施例，所述平面折叠光组件中的所述多个平面光学元件进一步包括一第一光学元件，其中所述第一光学元件用于将来自所述图像源组件的该图像光起偏为该第一偏振图像光，并且所述第一光学元件、所述第二光学元件、所述第三光学元件以及所述第四光学元件依次被叠置于所述图像源组件和所述波导组件之间的光路。
根据本申请的一实施例，所述第一光学元件为一圆偏振件，其中所述圆偏振件用于将该图像光起偏为圆偏振光。
根据本申请的一实施例，所述平面折叠光组件中的所述多个平面光学元件进一步包括一第一光学元件，其中所述第一光学元件用于将来自所述图像源组件的该图像光起偏为该第四偏振图像光，并且所述第一光学元件、所述第四光学元件、所述第三光学元件以及所述第二光学元件依次被叠置于所述图像源组件和所述波导组件之间的光路。
根据本申请的一实施例，所述第一光学元件为一线偏振件，其中所述线偏振件用于将该图像光起偏 为线偏振光。
根据本申请的一实施例，所述第二光学元件为一偏振体全息件，用于透射左旋圆偏振图像光和右旋圆偏振图像光中的一种，并可选择角度地反射该左旋圆偏振图像光和该右旋圆偏振图像光中的另一种；其中所述第三光学元件为一1/4波片；其中所述第四光学元件为一偏振反射件，用于透射P偏振图像光和S偏振图像光中的一种，并反射该P偏振图像光和该S偏振图像光中的另一种。
根据本申请的一实施例，所述第二光学元件与所述第三光学元件被间隔地叠置，以在所述第二光学元件和所述第三光学元件之间形成一透光间隙。
根据本申请的一实施例，所述平面折叠光组件中的所述多个平面光学元件进一步包括一平面透光元件，其中所述平面透光元件被设置于所述透光间隙，并且所述平面透光元件的折射率大于空气的折射率。
根据本申请的一实施例，所述平面折叠光组件与所述波导组件的所述耦入区域相匹配地设置。
根据本申请的一实施例，所述平面折叠光组件同时与所述波导组件的所述耦入区域和所述耦出区域相匹配地设置。
根据本申请的一实施例，所述平面折叠光组件同时与所述波导组件的所述耦入区域和所述耦出区域相匹配地设置，并且所述平面折叠光组件中的所述第一光学元件仅与所述波导组件的所述耦入区域相匹配地对应。
根据本申请的一实施例，所述平面折叠光组件中的所述第二光学元件具有并排布置的第一光学区域和第二光学区域，其中所述第二光学元件的所述第一光学区域对应于所述波导组件的所述耦入区域，用于透射该第一偏振图像光，且可选择角度地反射该第二偏振图像光；其中所述第二光学元件的所述第二光学区域对应于所述波导组件的所述耦出区域，用于透射该第二偏振图像光，且可选择角度地反射该第一偏振图像光。
根据本申请的一实施例，所述第二光学元件包括偏振敏感方向相反的第一偏振体全息件和第二偏振体全息件，其中所述第一偏振体全息件和所述第二偏振体全息件被并排地设置以分别提供所述第一光学区域和所述第二光学区域。
根据本申请的一实施例，所述波导组件为SRG衍射波导或二维阵列波导。
根据本申请的另一方面，本申请进一步提供了基于波导的增强现实装置的制造方法，包括步骤：
对应地设置用于发射图像光的一图像源组件于一波导组件的耦入区域；和
设置具有光焦度的一平面折叠光组件于该图像源组件和该波导组件之间的光路中，其中所述平面折叠光组件包括相互叠置的多个平面光学元件，以通过所述多个平面光学元件可选择偏转角度地折叠所述图像源组件和所述波导组件之间的光路，用于使来自所述图像源组件的该图像光在所述平面折叠光组件内被多次折返的同时被会聚或发散之后，先从所述波导组件的所述耦入区域耦入，再从所述波导组件的所述耦出区域耦出。
根据本申请的另一方面，本申请进一步提供了近眼显示方法，包括步骤：
发射一图像光；
可选择偏转角度地多次折返该图像光以会聚或发散该图像光；以及
全反射地传导被会聚或发散后的该图像光至人眼以成像。
根据本申请的一实施例，所述可选择偏转角度地多次折返该图像光以会聚或发散该图像光的步骤，包括步骤：
起偏该图像光以形成一第一偏振图像光；
透射该第一偏振图像光以转换为一第三偏振图像光；
反射回该第三偏振图像光以转换为一第二偏振图像光，其中该第二偏振图像光与该第一偏振图像光相互正交地偏振；
可选择角度地反射回该第二偏振图像光以发散或会聚该第二偏振图像光；以及
转换发散或会聚后的第二偏振图像光以形成一第四偏振图像光，其中该第四偏振图像光与该第三偏振图像光相互正交地偏振。
根据本申请的一实施例，所述可选择偏转角度地多次折返该图像光以会聚或发散该图像光的步骤，包括步骤：
起偏该图像光以形成一第四偏振图像光；
透射该第四偏振图像光以转换为一第二偏振图像光；
可选择角度地反射回该第二偏振图像光以发散或会聚该第二偏振图像光；
转换发散或会聚后的第二偏振图像光以形成一第三偏振图像光，其中该第三偏振图像光与该第四偏振图像光相互正交地偏振；以及
反射回该第三偏振图像光以转换为一第一偏振图像光，其中该第一偏振图像光与该第二偏振图像光相互正交地偏振。
根据本申请的一实施例，所述全反射地传导被会聚或发散后的该图像光至人眼以成像的步骤，包括步骤：
耦入该第四偏振图像光；
全反射地传导被耦入的该第四偏振图像光；以及
耦出被全反射地传导的该第四偏振图像光。
根据本申请的一实施例，所述全反射地传导被会聚或发散后的该图像光至人眼以成像的步骤，进一步包括步骤：
透射被耦出的该第四偏振图像光以转换为该第一偏振图像光；
可选择角度地反射回该第一偏振图像光以发散或会聚该第一偏振图像光；
转换发散或会聚后的第一偏振图像光以形成该第三偏振图像光；以及
反射回该第三偏振图像光以转换为该第二偏振图像光而传播至人眼成像。
通过对随后的描述和附图的理解，本申请进一步的目的和优势将得以充分体现。
本申请的这些和其它目的、特点和优势，通过下述的详细说明，附图和权利要求得以充分体现。
附图说明
图1示出了通常的折反式增强现实设备的结构示意图。
图2示出了通常的基于波导的增强现实设备的结构示意图。
图3是根据本申请的一第一实施例的基于波导的增强现实装置的结构示意图。
图4示出了根据本申请的上述第一实施例的所述基于波导的增强现实装置的平面折叠光组件的光路示意图。
图4A示出了根据本申请的上述第一实施例的所述平面折叠光组件的第一示例。
图4B示出了根据本申请的上述第一实施例的所述平面折叠光组件的第二示例。
图5示出了根据本申请的上述第一实施例的所述平面折叠光组件的一第一变形实施方式。
图6示出了根据本申请的上述第一实施例的所述平面折叠光组件的一第二变形实施方式。
图7示出了根据本申请的上述第一实施例的所述平面折叠光组件的一第三变形实施方式。
图8是根据本申请的一第二实施例的基于波导的增强现实装置的结构示意图。
图9和图10是根据本申请的一第三实施例的基于波导的增强现实装置的结构示意图。
图11是根据本申请的一实施例的基于波导的增强现实装置的制造方法的流程示意图。
图12是根据本申请的一实施例的近眼显示方法的流程示意图。
图13A示出了根据本申请的上述实施例的所述近眼显示方法中步骤之一的一个示例。
图13B示出了根据本申请的上述实施例的所述近眼显示方法中所述步骤之一的另一个示例。
图14示出了根据本申请的上述实施例的近眼显示方法中步骤之二的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
以下描述用于揭露本申请以使本领域技术人员能够实现本申请。以下描述中的可选实施例只作为举例，本领域技术人员可以想到其他显而易见的变型。在以下描述中界定的本申请的基本原理可以应用于其他实施方案、变形方案、改进方案、等同方案以及没有背离本申请的精神和范围的其他技术方案。
本领域技术人员应理解的是，在本申请的揭露中，术语“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系是基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，其仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此上述术语不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请中，权利要求和说明书中术语“一”应理解为“一个或多个”，即在一个实施例，一个元件的数量可以为一个，而在另外的实施例中，该元件的数量可以为多个。除非在本申请的揭露中明确示意该元件的数量只有一个，否则术语“一”并不能理解为唯一或单一，术语“一”不能理解为对数量的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，属于“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或者暗示相对重要性。本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，属于“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接或者一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接连接，也可以是通过媒介间接连结。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
近年来，随着增强现实技术的飞速发展，能够实现增强现实的设备或装置也越来越受到人们的欢迎和使用。但如图1所示，现有的折反式增强现实设备10P虽然能够通过折返图像光而增加光程，但会因采用的半反半透镜13P和曲面反射镜14P均为曲面元件而导致设备前端的整体尺寸却比较大；与此同时，图像源组件11P和透镜12P均位于设备的前端，造成设备前端的重量也比较重；而如图2所示，该现有的基于波导的增强现实设备20P虽然能够解决设备前端尺寸较大、重量较重的问题，但因为该现有的基于波导的增强现实设备20P失去了折返光路而不得不增大该透镜组件22P中的透镜数量来延长光程，以确保图像光线具有足够的光程而形成质量较高的虚拟图像，这样该透镜组件22P的体积和重量将急剧变大，导致该现有的基于波导的增强现实设备20P的整体尺寸和重量也将变大，更难以接受的是该现有的基于波导的增强现实设备20P的大部分重量将集中到该透镜组件22P以造成重量分布不均匀，进而影响用户的佩戴舒适度。
因此，为了解决上述问题，参考附图3至图4B所示，本申请的第一实施例提供了一种基于波导的增强现实装置，其能够在保证图像光具有足够的光程的同时，减小装置的尺寸和重量，有助于改善用户的佩戴舒适度。
具体地，如图3和图4所示，所述基于波导的增强现实装置1可以包括用于发射图像光100的一图像源组件10、一波导组件20以及一平面折叠光组件30。所述波导组件20具有并排布置的耦入区域201和耦出区域202，并且所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201对应于所述图像源组件10。所述平面折叠光组件30被设置于所述图像源组件10和所述波导组件20之间的光路中，其中所述平面折叠光组件30具有光焦度，并且所述平面折叠光组件30包括相互叠置的多个平面光学元件300，以通过所述多个平面光学元件300可选择偏转角度地折叠所述图像源组件10和所述波导组件20之间的光路，用于使来自所述图像源组件10的该图像光100在所述平面折叠光组件30内被多次折返的同时被会聚或发散之后，先从所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201耦入，再从所述波导组件20的所述耦出区域202耦出，以导入人眼成像而观看到与所述图像光100对应的虚像。与此同时，外部的环境光线在透过所述波导组件20的所述耦出区域202后也能够导入人眼成像而观看到与环境光线对应的实像，从而获得增强现实体验。可以理解的是，本申请的该图像光100可以被实施为带有一定角度且携带图像信息的光线。
值得注意的是，由于本申请的上述第一实施例的所述基于波导的增强现实装置1通过所述平面折叠光组件30可选择偏转角度地折叠所述光路，使得所述图像光100在所述平面折叠光组件30内沿着被折叠的所述光路多次折返且被会聚或发散，以在有限的空间内延长所述图像光100的光程的同时选择性地改变所述图像光100的会聚或发散角度，因此在提供同样长的光程和相同的会聚或发散效果时，所述平面折叠光组件30的厚度和尺寸将远远小于传统的透镜组(如图2所示的透镜组件22P)的厚度和尺寸，也就是说，所述平面折叠光组件30的体积和重量都远小于透镜组的体积和重量，进而使得整个装置的体积和重量均得以减小，有助于改善用户的佩戴舒适度。特别地，由于所述平面折叠光组件30的多个平面光学元件300均具有平整表面，且相互叠置，因此相比于通常的折返式增强现实设备10P中均具有弯曲表面的半反半透镜13P和曲面反射镜14P，本申请的基于波导的增强现实装置1在尺寸和紧凑程度上均优于通常的折返式增强现实设备10P，并且所述平面折叠光组件30更容易组装，极大地降低了所述基于波导的增强现实装置1的组装成本。
更具体地，如图3和图4所示，所述基于波导的增强现实装置1的所述平面折叠光组件30中的所述多个平面光学元件300可以包括一第一光学元件301、具有光焦度的一第二光学元件302、一第三光学元件303以及一第四光学元件304，并且所述第一光学元件301、所述第二光学元件302、所述第三光学元件303以及所述第四光学元件304被依次叠置于所述图像源组件10和所述波导组件20之间的光路中。所述第一光学元件301用于将该图像光100起偏为第一偏振图像光101。所述第二光学元件302用于透射该第一偏振图像光101，并且可选择角度地反射第二偏振图像光102。所述第三光学元件303用于将该第一偏振图像光101和该第二偏振图像光102与第三偏振图像光103和第四偏振图像光104相互转换。所述第四光学元件304用于反射该第三偏振图像光103，并且透射该第四偏振图像光104。可以理解的是，所述第二偏振图像光102在被所述第二光学元件302反射时，其入射角可以不等于反射角，而是按照预先设定的特定角度来反射所述第二偏振图像光102，以实现根据需要会聚或发散所述第二偏振图像光102。
这样，如图4所示，首先，来自所述图像源组件10的所述图像光100传播至所述第一光学元件301以被所述第一光学元件301起偏为所述第一偏振图像光101；接着，所述第一偏振图像光101传播至所述第二光学元件302以在透过所述第二光学元件302后被所述第三光学元件303转换为所述第三偏振图 像光103；然后，所述第三偏振图像光103传播至所述第四光学元件304以在被所述第四光学元件304反射回所述第三光学元件303后被所述第三光学元件303转换为所述第二偏振图像光102；之后，所述第二偏振图像光102传播至所述第二光学元件302以在被所述第二光学元件302可选择偏转角度地反射回所述第三光学元件303后被所述第三光学元件303转换为所述第四偏振图像光104；最后，所述第四偏振图像光104传播至所述第四光学元件304以透过所述第四光学元件304而传播至所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201以从所述耦入区域201耦入所述波导组件20。可以理解的是，由于各种偏振态的图像光在所述平面折叠光组件30中的所述第二光学元件302和所述第四光学元件304之间来回折返，使得所述图像源组件10和所述波导组件20之间的光路在所述平面折叠光组件30内被折叠以实现在有限空间内延长光程的效果。
值得注意的是，所述第一偏振图像光101与所述第二偏振图像光102相互正交地偏振，并且所述第三偏振图像光103与所述第四偏振图像光104相互正交地偏振，以在确保折叠光路以延长光程的同时，使得所述第一光学元件301、所述第二光学元件302、所述第三光学元件303以及所述第四光学元件304能够利用通常的光学元件就能够实现上述功效，有助于降低所述平面折叠光组件30的制造难度。
可选地，如图4所示，所述平面折叠光组件30中的所述第一光学元件301被实施为一圆偏振件31，其中所述圆偏振件31用于将图像光起偏为圆偏振光，例如，来自所述图像源组件10的所述图像光100能够被所述圆偏振件31起偏为左旋圆偏振图像光(即具有左旋圆偏振态的图像光)或右旋圆偏振图像光(即具有右旋圆偏振态的图像光)。特别地，所述圆偏振件31可以但不限于被实施为一圆偏振膜，有助于降低所述第一光学元件301的制造和组装难度。可以理解的是，所述圆偏振件31还可以被实施为诸如圆偏振片等其他形式的光学元件，只要能够将来自所述图像源组件10的所述图像光100起偏为所述第一偏振图像光101即可，本申请对此不再赘述。
如图4所示，所述平面折叠光组件30中的所述第二光学元件302可选地被实施为一偏振体全息件32，其中所述偏振体全息件32被设计，用于透射所述左旋圆偏振图像光和所述右旋圆偏振图像光中的一种，并且可选择角度地反射所述左旋圆偏振图像光和所述右旋圆偏振图像光中的另一种。特别地，所述偏振体全息件32可以但不限于被实施为一偏振体全息膜，有助于降低所述第二光学元件302的制造和组装难度。
值得注意的是，所述偏振体全息件32是一种用全息技术制作的各向异性光学元件，一般为液晶排列形成的螺旋状光聚合物形成的光栅阵列结构，其具有角度选择性和偏振选择性，以在不同位置按照不同偏转角度来发射光线，使得所述偏振体全息件32的平面结构具有光焦度，以实现与曲面透镜一样的会聚或发散光线的功能。可以理解的是，所述偏振体全息件32也可以被实施为诸如偏振体全息片等其他形式的光学元件，只要能够透射所述第一偏振图像光101，并且反射所述第二偏振图像光102即可，本申请对此不再赘述。
如图4所示，所述平面折叠光组件30中的所述第三光学元件303可选地被实施为一1/4波片33，其中所述1/4波片33用于将线偏振光(如P偏振图像光或S偏振图像光)与圆偏振光(如所述左旋圆偏振图像光或所述右旋圆偏振图像光)相互转换。
如图4所示，所述平面折叠光组件30中的所述第四光学元件304可选地被实施为一偏振反射件34，其中所述偏振反射件34用于反射所述S偏振图像光和所述P偏振图像光中的一种，并透射所述S偏振图像光和所述P偏振图像光中的另一种。特别地，所述偏振反射件34可以但不限于被实施为一偏振反射膜，用于反射所述S偏振图像光，并透射所述P偏振图像光，有助于降低所述第四光学元件304的制造和组装难度。可以理解的是，所述偏振反射件34也可以被实施为诸如偏振分光片等其他形式的光 学元件，只要能够透射所述第四偏振图像光104，并且反射所述第三偏振图像光103即可，本申请对此不再赘述。
示例性地，在本申请的第一示例中，如图4A所示，所述第一偏振图像光101和所述第二偏振图像光102可以依次被实施为具有左旋圆偏振态的图像光(简称左旋圆偏振图像光)和具有右旋圆偏振态的图像光(简称右旋圆偏振图像光)，并且所述第三偏振图像光103和所述第四偏振图像光104对应地依次被实施为具有S偏振态的图像光(简称S偏振图像光)和具有P偏振态的图像光(简称P偏振图像光)。
与此同时，在本申请的上述第一示例中，如图4A所示，所述平面折叠光组件30中的所述圆偏振件31用于将所述图像光100起偏为所述左旋圆偏振图像光；所述偏振体全息件32用于透射所述左旋圆偏振图像光，并可选择偏转角度地反射所述右旋圆偏振图像光；所述1/4波片33用于将所述P偏振图像光和所述S偏振图像光与所述左旋圆偏振图像光和右旋圆偏振图像光相互转换；所述偏振反射件34用于透射所述P偏振图像光，并反射所述S偏振图像光。
这样，如图4A所示，首先，来自所述图像源组件10的所述图像光100传播至所述圆偏振件31以被所述圆偏振件31起偏为所述左旋圆偏振图像光；接着，所述左旋圆偏振图像光传播至所述偏振体全息件32以在透过所述偏振体全息件32后被所述1/4波片33转换为所述S偏振图像光；然后，所述S偏振图像光传播至所述偏振反射件34以在被所述偏振反射件34反射回所述1/4波片33后被所述1/4波片33转换为所述右旋圆偏振图像光；之后，所述右旋圆偏振图像光传播至所述偏振体全息件32以在被所述偏振体全息件32可选择偏转角度地反射回所述1/4波片33后被所述1/4波片33转换为所述P偏振图像光；最后，所述P偏振图像光传播至所述偏振反射件34以透过所述偏振反射件34而传播至所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201以从所述耦入区域201耦入所述波导组件20，使得所述图像源组件10和所述波导组件20之间的光路在所述平面折叠光组件30内被可选择偏转角度地折叠以在实现在有限空间内延长光程的效果的同时，还能够根据需要会聚或发散图像光。
值得注意的是，在本申请的第二示例中，如图4B所示，所述第一偏振图像光101和所述第二偏振图像光102也可以依次被实施为右旋圆偏振图像光和左旋圆偏振图像光，并且所述第三偏振图像光103和所述第四偏振图像光104仍然依次被实施为S偏振图像光和P偏振图像光。
与此同时，在本申请的上述第二示例中，如图4B所示，所述平面折叠光组件30中的所述圆偏振件31用于将所述图像光100起偏为所述右旋圆偏振图像光；所述平面折叠光组件30中的偏振体全息件32’被设计，用于透射所述右旋圆偏振图像光，并可选择偏转角度地反射所述左旋圆偏振图像光；所述1/4波片33用于将所述P偏振图像光和所述S偏振图像光与所述左旋圆偏振图像光和右旋圆偏振图像光相互转换；所述偏振反射件34用于透射所述P偏振图像光，并反射所述S偏振图像光。
这样，如图4B所示，首先，来自所述图像源组件10的所述图像光100传播至所述圆偏振件31以被所述圆偏振件31起偏为所述右旋圆偏振图像光；接着，所述右旋圆偏振图像光传播至所述偏振体全息件32’以在透过所述偏振体全息件32’后被所述1/4波片33转换为所述S偏振图像光；然后，所述S偏振图像光传播至所述偏振反射件34以在被所述偏振反射件34反射回所述1/4波片33后被所述1/4波片33转换为所述左旋圆偏振图像光；之后，所述左旋圆偏振图像光传播至所述偏振体全息件32’以在被所述偏振体全息件32’可选择偏转角度地反射回所述1/4波片33后被所述1/4波片33转换为所述P偏振图像光；最后，所述P偏振图像光传播至所述偏振反射件34以透过所述偏振反射件34而传播至所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201以从所述耦入区域201耦入所述波导组件20，仍能够使得所述图像源组件10和所述波导组件20之间的光路在所述平面折叠光组件30内被可选择偏转角度地折叠以在 实现在有限空间内延长光程的效果的同时，还能够根据需要会聚或发散图像光。
当然，在本申请的其他示例中，所述第三偏振图像光103和所述第四偏振图像光104也可以依次被实施为P偏振图像光和S偏振图像光。此时，相比于上述第一示例和上述第二示例，只需要将所述偏振反射件34调整为用于透射所述S偏振图像光，并反射所述P偏振图像光即可，本申请对此不再赘述。
值得一提的是，根据本申请的上述第一实施例，所述波导组件20可以但不限于被实施为SRG(表面浮雕光栅)衍射波导或二维阵列波导等等，本申请对此不再赘述。
所述图像源组件10可以不限于被实施为自发光的OLED或Micro LED；也可以被实施为背光的LCD或LCOS，并利用LED或激光进行照明，本申请对此不再赘述。可以理解的是，当所述图像源组件10所发射的所述图像光100本身就为所述第一偏振图像光101时，所述平面折叠组件30中的所述第一光学元件301可以被省去，以便进一步减小所述平面折叠组件30的厚度。
在本申请的上述实施例中，所述第二光学元件302和所述第三光学元件303可选地被间隔地叠置，以在所述第二光学元件302和所述第三光学元件303之间形成一透光间隙3000，使得所述第二光学元件302与所述第四光学元件304之间的距离变大，有助于增加所述平面折叠光组件30内的光程。
更可选地，如图3所示，所述透光间隙3000被实施为一空气间隙3001，以在保证所述平面折叠光组件30的整体重量不增加的情况下，增加所述平面折叠光组件30内的光程；换言之，在所述第二光学元件302和所述第三光学元件303之间不设置其他光学元件，以在所述第二光学元件302和所述第三光学元件303之间形成所述空气间隙3001。此时，所述第一光学元件301与所述第二光学元件302可以相互紧贴，并且所述第三光学元件303与所述第四光学元件304可以相互紧贴。
值得注意的是，附图5示出了根据本申请的上述第一实施例的所述基于波导的增强现实装置1的第一变形实施方式。相比于根据本申请的上述第一实施例，根据本申请的所述第一变形实施方式的所述基于波导的增强现实装置1的不同之处在于：所述第三光学元件303和所述第四光学元件304被间隔地叠置，以在所述第三光学元件303和所述第四光学元件304之间形成所述透光间隙3000，仍能够使得所述第二光学元件302与所述第四光学元件304之间的距离变大，有助于增加所述平面折叠光组件30内的光程。此时，所述第一光学元件301、所述第二光学元件302以及所述第三光学元件303可以相互紧贴。
附图6示出了根据本申请的上述第一实施例的所述基于波导的增强现实装置1的第二变形实施方式。相比于根据本申请的上述第一实施例，根据本申请的所述第二变形实施方式的所述基于波导的增强现实装置1的不同之处在于：所述平面折叠光组件30可以进一步包括一平面透光元件305，其中所述平面透光元件305被设置于所述透光间隙3000，并且所述平面透光元件305的折射率大于空气的折射率，以便在提供相同光程的情况下，所述平面透光元件305的厚度可以比所述空气间隙3001的厚度更薄，有助于进一步减小所述平面折叠光组件30的厚度。
可选地，如图6所示，所述平面透光元件305被实施为一平面透镜35，其中所述平面透镜35具有一上平整表面351和一下平整表面352，并且所述第二光学元件302和所述第三光学元件303分别被对应地贴合于所述平面透镜35的所述上平整表面351和所述下平整表面352，以在保证所述第二光学元件302和所述第三光学元件303的平整度的同时，降低所述平面折叠光组件30的组装难度。
示例性地，当所述第二光学元件302为所述偏振体全息膜时，所述偏振体全息膜可以被镀于所述平面透镜35的所述上平整表面351，以确保所述偏振体全息膜具有较高的平整度。
当然，在本申请的其他示例中，所述第一光学元件301和所述第四光学元件304也可以分别被对应地贴合于所述第二光学元件302和所述第三光学元件303，以进一步降低所述平面折叠光组件30的组 装难度。
附图7示出了根据本申请的上述第一实施例的所述基于波导的增强现实装置1的第三变形实施方式。相比于根据本申请的上述第一实施例，根据本申请的所述第三变形实施方式的所述基于波导的增强现实装置1的不同之处在于：所述第二光学元件302与所述第四光学元件304的位置相互调换，并且所述第一光学元件301’用于将该图像光100起偏为所述第四偏振图像光104。换言之，所述平面折叠光组件30中的所述第一光学元件301’、所述第四光学元件304、所述第三光学元件303以及所述第二光学元件302依次被叠置于所述图像源组件10和所述波导组件20之间。
可选地，如图7所示，所述第一光学元件301’被实施为一线偏振件31’，用于将该图像光100起偏为线偏振光，如P偏振图像光。当然，在本申请的其他示例中，所述线偏振件31’也可以用于将该图像光100起偏为S偏振图像光，此时所述第四光学元件304将透射S偏振图像光且反射P偏振图像光。
这样，如图7所示，首先，来自所述图像源组件10的所述图像光100传播至所述线偏振件31’以被所述线偏振件31’起偏为所述P偏振图像光(即所述第四偏振图像光104)；接着，所述P偏振图像光传播至所述偏振反射件34以在透过所述偏振反射件34后被所述1/4波片33转换为所述左旋圆偏振图像光(即所述第二偏振图像光102)；然后，所述左旋圆偏振图像光传播至所述偏振体全息件32’以在被所述偏振体全息件32’可选择偏转角度地反射回所述1/4波片33后被所述1/4波片33转换为所述S偏振图像光(即第三偏振图像光103)；之后，所述S偏振图像光传播至所述偏振反射件34以在被所述偏振反射件34反射回所述1/4波片33后被所述1/4波片33转换为所述右旋圆偏振图像光(即第一偏振图像光101)；最后，所述右旋圆偏振图像光传播至所述偏振体全息件32’以透过所述偏振体全息件32’而传播至所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201以从所述耦入区域201耦入所述波导组件20，仍能够使得所述图像源组件10和所述波导组件20之间的光路在所述平面折叠光组件30内被可选择偏转角度地折叠以在实现在有限空间内延长光程的效果的同时，还能够根据需要会聚或发散图像光。
值得一提的是，在本申请的上述第一实施例及其变形实施方式的所述基于波导的增强现实装置1中：所述平面折叠光组件30与所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201相匹配地设置，也就是说，所述平面折叠光组件30对应于所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201，使得经由所述平面折叠光组件30会聚或发散后的图像光与所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201相匹配，以被从所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201耦入所述波导组件20。
然而，由于所述平面折叠光组件30与所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201相匹配，使得所述平面折叠光组件30只能被组装于在所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201，因此这会给所述基于波导的增强现实装置1的组装带来诸多不便，如所述平面折叠光组件30与所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201难以精准地对齐。特别地，当所述平面折叠光组件30中的所述透光间隙3000为所述空气间隙3001时，所述平面折叠光组件30则先需要利用组装支架进行单独地组装，以支撑所述多个平面光学元件300而保持足够的平整度，再将组装好的所述平面折叠光组件30安装于所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201，但这样不仅会增加组装工序、增大组装难度，而且所述平面折叠光组件30的所述组装支架将遮挡用户的视线以影响用户的舒适体验。
为了解决上述问题，本申请的第二实施例提供了一种基于波导的增强现实装置。具体地，如图8所示，相比于根据本申请的上述第一实施例，根据本申请的所述第二实施例的所述基于波导的增强现实装置1的不同之处在于：所述平面折叠光组件30同时与所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201和所述耦出区域202相匹配地设置，也就是说，所述平面折叠光组件30同时对应于所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201和所述耦出区域202，以便将所述平面折叠光组件30与所述波导组件20可以利用同一组装支 架进行整体地组装，使得所述基于波导的增强现实装置1在外观上看起来和普通眼镜类似，即几毫米厚的平板，结构更紧凑，而不必担心所述组装支架影响用户的视线。
这样，与本申请的上述第一实施例相同的是：来自所述图像源组件10的所述图像光100经由所述平面折叠光组件30多次折返并转化为所述第四偏振图像光104以从所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201耦入并从所述耦出区域202耦出所述波导组件20。而与本申请的上述第一实施例不同的是：从所述耦出区域202耦出的所述第四偏振图像光104将在透过所述第四光学元件304后传播至所述第三光学元件303以被转化为所述第一偏振图像光101；之后，所述第一偏振图像光101依次透过所述第二光学元件302和所述第一光学元件301以传播至人眼中形成虚像，仍能够使用户获得增强现实体验。可以理解的是，与本申请的上述第一实施例中的第一示例相同，本申请的所述第二实施例中所述第四偏振图像光104可以被实施为P偏振图像光，并且所述第一偏振图像光101被对应地实施为左旋圆偏振图像光。
值得注意的是，由于从所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201耦入所述波导组件20的图像光束通常是平行光，以确保所述图像光束在所述波导组件20内传导的光程保持一致，因此从所述波导组件20的所述耦出区域202耦出的图像光束因在所述平面折叠光组件30内未被可选择角度地反射而在入射至用户眼睛时仍然保持为平行光。而这些平行的图像光束虽然在导入视力正常的用户眼睛时形成清晰的虚像，但如果导入近视或远视用户的眼睛时却无法形成清晰的虚像，这就要求近视或远视用户在使用所述基于波导的增强现实装置1时不得不佩戴自己的近视或远视眼镜，很大程度地限制了近视或远视人群的使用和舒适体验。
为了解决上述问题，本申请的第三实施例提供了一种基于波导的增强现实装置1，其能够满足近视或远视人群的需求，使其在无需佩戴近视或远视眼镜的情况下就能够获得较好的增强现实体验。具体地，如图9和图10所示，相比于根据本申请的上述第二实施例，根据本申请的所述第三实施例的所述基于波导的增强现实装置1A的不同之处在于：所述平面折叠光组件30A的所述第二光学元件302A具有并排布置的第一光学区域3021A和第二光学区域3022A，其中所述第二光学元件302A的所述第一光学区域3021A对应于所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201，用于透射所述第一偏振图像光101，并可选择角度地反射所述第二偏振图像光102；其中所述第二光学元件302A的所述第二光学区域3022A对应于所述波导组件20的所述耦出区域202，用于透射所述第二偏振图像光102，并可选择角度地反射所述第一偏振图像光101。与此同时，所述平面折叠光组件30A的所述第一光学元件301仅与所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201相匹配地对应。
这样，与本申请的上述第二实施例类似的是：如图9和图10所示，首先，来自所述图像源组件10的所述图像光100传播至所述第一光学元件301以被所述第一光学元件301起偏为所述第一偏振图像光101；接着，所述第一偏振图像光101传播至所述第二光学元件302A的所述第一光学区域3021A以在透过所述第二光学元件302A的所述第一光学区域3021A后被所述第三光学元件303转换为所述第三偏振图像光103；然后，所述第三偏振图像光103传播至所述第四光学元件304以在被所述第四光学元件304反射回所述第三光学元件303后被所述第三光学元件303转换为所述第二偏振图像光102；之后，所述第二偏振图像光102传播至所述第二光学元件302A的所述第一光学区域3021A以在被所述第二光学元件302A的所述第一光学区域3021A可选择偏转角度地反射回所述第三光学元件303后被所述第三光学元件303转换为所述第四偏振图像光104；最后，所述第四偏振图像光104传播至所述第四光学元件304以透过所述第四光学元件304而传播至所述波导组件20的所述耦入区域201以从所述耦入区域201耦入所述波导组件20，进而在被所述波导组件20传导后从所述波导组件20的所述耦出区域202耦出所述波导组件20。
而与本申请的上述第二实施例不同的是：如图9和图10所示，首先，从所述耦出区域202耦出的所述第四偏振图像光104传播至所述第四光学元件304以在透过所述第四光学元件304后被所述第三光学元件303转化为所述第一偏振图像光101；其次，所述第一偏振图像光101传播至所述第二光学元件302A的所述第二光学区域3022A以在被所述第二光学元件302A的所述第二光学区域3022A反射回所述第三光学元件303后被所述第三光学元件303转换为所述第三偏振图像光103；之后，所述第三偏振图像光103传播至所述第四光学元件304以在被所述第四光学元件304反射回所述第三光学元件303后被所述第三光学元件303转换为所述第二偏振图像光102；最后，所述第二偏振图像光102先传播至所述第二光学元件302A的所述第二光学区域3022A以透过所述第二光学元件302A的所述第二光学区域3022A后，再传播至人眼中形成虚像，以使用户获得增强现实体验。
值得注意的是，相比于根据本申请的上述第二实施例，根据本申请的所述第三实施例的所述基于波导的增强现实装置1A的所述平面折叠光组件30A在对从所述耦出区域202耦出的图像光束进行多次折返的同时，还会可选择角度地反射该图像光束以发散或会聚光线，也就是说，与所述波导组件20的所述耦出区域202对应的所述平面折叠光组件30A利用折叠光路来实现光束的会聚或发散，使得从所述波导组件20的所述耦出区域202耦出的平行光束在通过所述平面折叠光组件30A之后形成会聚光束(如图9所示)或发散光束(如图10所示)以导入人眼成像，有助于使远视或近视人群在不佩戴远视或近视眼镜的情况下就能够看到清晰的虚像。与此同时，环境光线在穿过所述基于波导的增强现实装置1A时也会被会聚或发散，使得远视或近视人群在不佩戴远视或近视眼镜的情况下也能够看到清晰的环境实像，从而能够很好地满足远视或近视人群的需求，使其在无需佩戴远视或近视眼镜的情况下就能够获得较好的增强现实体验。
示例性地，如图9和图10所示，所述平面折叠光组件30A中所述第二光学元件302A包括偏振敏感方向相反的第一偏振体全息件321A和第二偏振体全息件322A，其中所述第一偏振体全息件321A和所述第二偏振体全息件322A被并排地设置以分别提供所述第一光学区域3021A和所述第二光学区域3022A，其中所述第一偏振体全息件321A与上述偏振体全息件32相同，用于透射所述左旋圆偏振图像光，并可选择偏转角度地反射所述右旋圆偏振图像光；其中所述第二偏振体全息件322A与上述偏振体全息件32’相同，用于透射所述右旋圆偏振图像光，并可选择偏转角度地反射所述左旋圆偏振图像光。
可选地，所述第二光学元件302A中的所述第一偏振体全息件321A一体地连接于所述第二偏振体全息件322A，以简化所述平面折叠光组件30A的组装。当然，在本申请的其他示例中，所述第二光学元件302A中的所述第一偏振体全息件321A也可以与所述第二偏振体全息件322A被间隔地布置，以便分别制作所述第一偏振体全息件321A和所述第二偏振体全息件322A。
值得注意的是，在本申请的上述实施例中，由于所述基于波导的增强现实装置1A的屈光度是由所述第二光学元件302A的光焦度(即反射角度)来决定的，因此，所述基于波导的增强现实装置1A通过选用具有不同光焦度的所述第二光学元件302A来获得不同的屈光度，以满足不同的近视或远视人群的需求。
根据本申请的另一方面，本申请进一步提供了基于波导的增强现实装置的制造方法。具体地，如图11所示，所述基于波导的增强现实装置的制造方法，可以包括步骤：
S110：对应地设置用于发射图像光的一图像源组件于一波导组件的耦入区域；和
S120：设置具有光焦度的一平面折叠光组件于该图像源组件和该波导组件之间的光路中，其中所述平面折叠光组件包括相互叠置的多个平面光学元件，以通过所述多个平面光学元件可选择偏转角度地折叠所述图像源组件和所述波导组件之间的光路，用于使来自所述图像源组件的该图像光在所述平面折 叠光组件内被多次折返的同时被会聚或发散之后，先从所述波导组件的所述耦入区域耦入，再从所述波导组件的所述耦出区域耦出。
值得注意的是，在所述基于波导的增强现实装置的制造方法的所述步骤S120中：依次叠置一第一光学元件、一第二光学元件、一第三光学元件以及一第四光学元件以形成所述平面折叠光组件。
值得一提的是，根据本申请的另一方面，本申请进一步提供了一种近眼显示方法。具体地，如图12所示，所述近眼显示方法，可以包括步骤：
S210：发射一图像光；
S220：可选择偏转角度地多次折返该图像光以会聚或发散该图像光；以及
S230：全反射地传导被会聚或发散后的该图像光至人眼以成像。
在本申请的一示例中，如图13A所示，所述近眼显示方法的所述步骤S220，可以包括步骤：
S221：起偏该图像光以形成一第一偏振图像光；
S222：透射该第一偏振图像光以转换为一第三偏振图像光；
S223：反射回该第三偏振图像光以转换为一第二偏振图像光，其中该第二偏振图像光与该第一偏振图像光相互正交地偏振；
S224：可选择角度地反射回该第二偏振图像光以发散或会聚该第二偏振图像光；以及
S225：转换发散或会聚后的第二偏振图像光以形成一第四偏振图像光，其中该第四偏振图像光与该第三偏振图像光相互正交地偏振。
在本申请的另一示例中，如图13B所示，所述近眼显示方法的所述步骤S220，可以包括步骤：
S221’：起偏该图像光以形成一第四偏振图像光；
S222’：透射该第四偏振图像光以转换为一第二偏振图像光；
S223’：可选择角度地反射回该第二偏振图像光以发散或会聚该第二偏振图像光；
S224’：转换发散或会聚后的第二偏振图像光以形成一第三偏振图像光，其中该第三偏振图像光与该第四偏振图像光相互正交地偏振；以及
S225’：反射回该第三偏振图像光以转换为一第一偏振图像光，其中该第一偏振图像光与该第二偏振图像光相互正交地偏振。
值得注意的是，如图14所示，所述近眼显示方法的所述步骤S230，可以包括步骤：
S231：耦入该第四偏振图像光；
S232：全反射地传导被耦入的该第四偏振图像光；以及
S233：耦出被全反射地传导的该第四偏振图像光。
可选地，如图14所示，所述近眼显示方法的所述步骤S230，进一步包括步骤：
S234：透射被耦出的该第四偏振图像光以转换为该第一偏振图像光；
S235：可选择角度地反射回该第一偏振图像光以发散或会聚该第一偏振图像光；
S236：转换发散或会聚后的第一偏振图像光以形成该第三偏振图像光；以及
S237：反射回该第三偏振图像光以转换为该第二偏振图像光而传播至人眼成像。
本领域的技术人员应理解，上述描述及附图中所示的本申请的实施例只作为举例而并不限制本申请。本申请的目的已经完整并有效地实现。本申请的功能及结构原理已在实施例中展示和说明，在没有背离所述原理下，本申请的实施方式可以有任何变形或修改。

Claims (21)

  1. 一基于波导的增强现实装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    一图像源组件，用于发射图像光；
    一波导组件，其中所述波导组件具有并排布置的耦入区域和耦出区域，并且所述波导组件的所述耦入区域对应于所述图像源组件；以及
    一平面折叠光组件，其中所述平面折叠光组件被设置于所述图像源组件和所述波导组件之间的光路中，其中所述平面折叠光组件具有光焦度，并且所述平面折叠光组件包括相互叠置的多个平面光学元件，以通过所述多个平面光学元件可选择偏转角度地折叠所述图像源组件和所述波导组件之间的光路，用于使来自所述图像源组件的该图像光在所述平面折叠光组件内被多次折返的同时被会聚或发散之后，先从所述波导组件的所述耦入区域耦入，再从所述波导组件的所述耦出区域耦出。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的基于波导的增强现实装置，其中，所述平面折叠光组件中的所述多个平面光学元件包括具有光焦度的一第二光学元件、一第三光学元件以及一第四光学元件，其中所述第二光学元件用于透射第一偏振图像光，且可选择角度地反射第二偏振图像光；其中所述第三光学元件用于将该第一偏振图像光和该第二偏振图像光与第三偏振图像光和第四偏振图像光相互转换；其中所述第四光学元件用于反射该第三偏振图像光，且透射该第四偏振图像光；其中该第一偏振图像光与该第二偏振图像光相互正交地偏振，并且该第三偏振图像光与该第四偏振图像光相互正交地偏振。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的基于波导的增强现实装置，其中，所述平面折叠光组件中的所述多个平面光学元件进一步包括一第一光学元件，其中所述第一光学元件用于将来自所述图像源组件的该图像光起偏为该第一偏振图像光，并且所述第一光学元件、所述第二光学元件、所述第三光学元件以及所述第四光学元件依次被叠置于所述图像源组件和所述波导组件之间的光路。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的基于波导的增强现实装置，其中，所述第一光学元件为一圆偏振件，其中所述圆偏振件用于将该图像光起偏为圆偏振光。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的基于波导的增强现实装置，其中，所述平面折叠光组件中的所述多个平面光学元件进一步包括一第一光学元件，其中所述第一光学元件用于将来自所述图像源组件的该图像光起偏为该第四偏振图像光，并且所述第一光学元件、所述第四光学元件、所述第三光学元件以及所述第二光学元件依次被叠置于所述图像源组件和所述波导组件之间的光路。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的基于波导的增强现实装置，其中，所述第一光学元件为一线偏振件，其中所述线偏振件用于将该图像光起偏为线偏振光。
  7. 如权利要求2至6中任一所述的基于波导的增强现实装置，其中，所述第二光学元件为一偏振体全息件，用于透射左旋圆偏振图像光和右旋圆偏振图像光中的一种，并可选择角度地反射该左旋圆偏振图像光和该右旋圆偏振图像光中的另一种；其中所述第三光学元件为一1/4波片；其中所述第四光学元件为一偏振反射件，用于透射P偏振图像光和S偏振图像光中的一种，并反射该P偏振图像光和该S偏振图像光中的另一种。
  8. 如权利要求2至6中任一所述的基于波导的增强现实装置，其中，所述第二光学元件与所述第三光学元件被间隔地叠置，以在所述第二光学元件和所述第三光学元件之间形成一透光间隙。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的基于波导的增强现实装置，其中，所述平面折叠光组件中的所述多个平面光学元件进一步包括一平面透光元件，其中所述平面透光元件被设置于所述透光间隙，并且所述平面透光元件的折射率大于空气的折射率。
  10. 如权利要求1至6中任一所述的基于波导的增强现实装置，其中，所述平面折叠光组件与所述波导组件的所述耦入区域相匹配地设置。
  11. 如权利要求1至4中任一所述的基于波导的增强现实装置，其中，所述平面折叠光组件同时与所述波导组件的所述耦入区域和所述耦出区域相匹配地设置。
  12. 如权利要求3或4所述的基于波导的增强现实装置，其中，所述平面折叠光组件同时与所述波 导组件的所述耦入区域和所述耦出区域相匹配地设置，并且所述平面折叠光组件中的所述第一光学元件仅与所述波导组件的所述耦入区域相匹配地对应。
  13. 如权利要求3或4所述的基于波导的增强现实装置，其中，所述平面折叠光组件中的所述第二光学元件具有并排布置的第一光学区域和第二光学区域，其中所述第二光学元件的所述第一光学区域对应于所述波导组件的所述耦入区域，用于透射该第一偏振图像光，且可选择角度地反射该第二偏振图像光；其中所述第二光学元件的所述第二光学区域对应于所述波导组件的所述耦出区域，用于透射该第二偏振图像光，且可选择角度地反射该第一偏振图像光。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的基于波导的增强现实装置，其中，所述第二光学元件包括偏振敏感方向相反的第一偏振体全息件和第二偏振体全息件，其中所述第一偏振体全息件和所述第二偏振体全息件被并排地设置以分别提供所述第一光学区域和所述第二光学区域。
  15. 如权利要求1至6中任一所述的基于波导的增强现实装置，其中，所述波导组件包括SRG衍射波导或二维阵列波导。
  16. 一基于波导的增强现实装置的制造方法，其特征在于，所述制造方法包括步骤：
    对应地设置用于发射图像光的一图像源组件于一波导组件的耦入区域；和
    设置具有光焦度的一平面折叠光组件于该图像源组件和该波导组件之间的光路中，其中所述平面折叠光组件包括相互叠置的多个平面光学元件，以通过所述多个平面光学元件可选择偏转角度地折叠所述图像源组件和所述波导组件之间的光路，用于使来自所述图像源组件的该图像光在所述平面折叠光组件内被多次折返的同时被会聚或发散之后，先从所述波导组件的所述耦入区域耦入，再从所述波导组件的所述耦出区域耦出。
  17. 一近眼显示方法，其特征在于，所述近眼显示方法包括步骤：
    发射一图像光；
    可选择偏转角度地多次折返该图像光以会聚或发散该图像光；以及
    全反射地传导被会聚或发散后的该图像光至人眼以成像。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的近眼显示方法，其中，所述可选择偏转角度地多次折返该图像光以会聚或发散该图像光的步骤，包括步骤：
    起偏该图像光以形成一第一偏振图像光；
    透射该第一偏振图像光以转换为一第三偏振图像光；
    反射回该第三偏振图像光以转换为一第二偏振图像光，其中该第二偏振图像光与该第一偏振图像光相互正交地偏振；
    可选择角度地反射回该第二偏振图像光以发散或会聚该第二偏振图像光；以及
    转换发散或会聚后的第二偏振图像光以形成一第四偏振图像光，其中该第四偏振图像光与该第三偏振图像光相互正交地偏振。
  19. 如权利要求17所述的近眼显示方法，其中，所述可选择偏转角度地多次折返该图像光以会聚或发散该图像光的步骤，包括步骤：
    起偏该图像光以形成一第四偏振图像光；
    透射该第四偏振图像光以转换为一第二偏振图像光；
    可选择角度地反射回该第二偏振图像光以发散或会聚该第二偏振图像光；
    转换发散或会聚后的第二偏振图像光以形成一第三偏振图像光，其中该第三偏振图像光与该第四偏振图像光相互正交地偏振；以及
    反射回该第三偏振图像光以转换为一第一偏振图像光，其中该第一偏振图像光与该第二偏振图像光相互正交地偏振。
  20. 如权利要求18所述的近眼显示方法，其中，所述全反射地传导被会聚或发散后的该图像光至人眼以成像的步骤，包括步骤：
    耦入该第四偏振图像光；
    全反射地传导被耦入的该第四偏振图像光；以及
    耦出被全反射地传导的该第四偏振图像光。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的近眼显示方法，其中，所述全反射地传导被会聚或发散后的该图像光至人眼以成像的步骤，进一步包括步骤：
    透射被耦出的该第四偏振图像光以转换为该第一偏振图像光；
    可选择角度地反射回该第一偏振图像光以发散或会聚该第一偏振图像光；
    转换发散或会聚后的第一偏振图像光以形成该第三偏振图像光；以及
    反射回该第三偏振图像光以转换为该第二偏振图像光而传播至人眼成像。
PCT/CN2021/135437 2020-12-30 2021-12-03 基于波导的增强现实装置及其方法 WO2022143011A1 (zh)

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