WO2022135193A1 - 拦截水面大型移动物体的防护装置 - Google Patents

拦截水面大型移动物体的防护装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022135193A1
WO2022135193A1 PCT/CN2021/137276 CN2021137276W WO2022135193A1 WO 2022135193 A1 WO2022135193 A1 WO 2022135193A1 CN 2021137276 W CN2021137276 W CN 2021137276W WO 2022135193 A1 WO2022135193 A1 WO 2022135193A1
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Prior art keywords
intercepting
water surface
protective device
moving objects
energy
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PCT/CN2021/137276
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨黎明
王永刚
刘军
董新龙
段国欣
戴希红
陈伟
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宁波大学
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Application filed by 宁波大学 filed Critical 宁波大学
Publication of WO2022135193A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022135193A1/zh
Priority to ZA2023/06354A priority Critical patent/ZA202306354B/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F15/00—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact
    • E01F15/14—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact specially adapted for local protection, e.g. for bridge piers, for traffic islands
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/20—Equipment for shipping on coasts, in harbours or on other fixed marine structures, e.g. bollards
    • E02B3/26—Fenders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/30—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for intercepting moving objects, in particular to a protective device for intercepting moving objects on the water surface such as ships.
  • Collision piles or an anti-collision steel enclosure on the pier, or an arresting cable around the pier, these protective measures or devices still do not prevent the collision of the moving ship, and damage to the ship and the object to be struck will still occur.
  • the protection measures for the crowd on the beach are basically warnings and reminders, there are no rigid measures, or a blocking net is set to divide an area. Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned situation of the prior art, how to provide an effective protection device, which can not only avoid the damage caused by the rigid collision of the ship, but also more effectively protect the possible collision objects or people, is still a problem to be solved.
  • the purpose of the invention is to disclose a flexible protective device for intercepting moving objects on the water surface.
  • the technical solution for realizing the present invention is as follows: including an intercepting structure that can be attached to a moving object and has self-buoyancy, both ends of the intercepting structure are connected to an energy dissipation structure, and the energy dissipation structure is fixedly connected to the ground.
  • the energy dissipation structure includes a floating body, the floating body is provided with a rotating shaft, both ends of the rotating shaft are provided with runners with a plurality of blades, and the tensile steel rope wound on the rotating shaft is connected with the intercepting structure.
  • the release rate of the tensile steel rope of one energy-consuming structure is greater than or equal to the release rate of the tensile steel rope of the other energy-consuming structure.
  • the intercepting structure includes an intercepting net, the rear end of the intercepting net is provided with a triggering cable, the triggering cable is connected with the bottom of a plurality of metacentric buoys, and the straight rod end of the metacentric buoy is connected with the front end of the intercepting net.
  • the structure of the metamorphic core buoy is that the front end of the buoy is integrally provided with a straight rod end, one side of the buoy has a wedge block with an inclined surface, and the inner wall of the buoy that is radially opposite to the inclined surface is provided with a limit that can be returned and rotated.
  • a position plate, one end of the limit plate is connected with the trigger cable outside the bottom of the buoy through a tether, and a mass block is arranged between the high position of the inclined plane and the limit plate.
  • the floating body of the energy-consuming structure is provided with a plurality of anchor chains, and the anchor chains are connected with ground anchors.
  • connection structure between the energy-consuming structure and the ground is that at least one steel guide rail is fixed on the ground, and a plurality of anchor chains provided on the floating body are connected with the steel guide rail through a buckle structure or other fixing structures.
  • the intercepting structure is a high-strength composite fiber rope with a plurality of buoyancy airbags on the rope, and the rope is covered with a rubber layer with a high friction damping coefficient.
  • the intercepting structure in the above disclosed technical solution of the present invention can be attached to the front of the moving vessel, and the energy-consuming structure can continuously absorb or transfer the moving energy of the moving vessel, decelerate the moving vessel until it stops, and at the same time deflect the moving vessel. Exercising consumes exercise energy.
  • the protection device of the present invention can not only be set at a fixed point, but also can be conveniently adjusted to the setting position, which greatly facilitates the specific practical use, and the protection device and the moving ship are in a follow-up combination, there is no rigid collision, and there is no impact on the movement. The ship does not cause collision damage, and the invented protective device can also be arranged in a plurality of consecutively to form interception protection for a large horizontal area, and has excellent use flexibility.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure after the impact occurs.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy consumption structure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partially enlarged structure of an energy-consuming structure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the metacentric buoy.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the metamorphic centroid buoy after use.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the second embodiment after an impact occurs.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a belt-shaped high-strength composite fiber rope.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the belt-shaped high-strength composite fiber rope.
  • the technical solution of the specific embodiment of the present invention is to include an intercepting structure 1 that can be attached to a moving object and has self-buoyancy, and both ends of the intercepting structure 1 are connected to an energy dissipation structure 2 , the energy-consuming structure 2 is fixedly connected to the ground.
  • the ground refers to the ground surface below the water surface.
  • the intercepting structure 1 with self-buoyancy floats on the water surface. After a moving object such as a ship hits the intercepting structure 1, The intercepting structure 1 is attached to the bow part of the ship and moves synchronously with the moving ship.
  • the moving intercepting structure 1 enables the energy-consuming structure 2 to start, and the intercepting structure 1 continues to move with the moving ship, so that the energy-consuming structure 2 continues to consume the kinetic energy of the moving ship. Stop a moving vessel.
  • the above-mentioned protective device is installed in the water area that needs to be protected, that is, the specific water area around the water surface facilities, buildings, bridges and other engineering structures, it can effectively and flexibly intercept the moving objects on the water surface, such as various ships, and prevent the water sports objects from colliding with the water surface.
  • Engineering structure to avoid damage to ships and protected objects.
  • the energy-consuming structure 2 includes a floating body 3, and the floating body 3 is provided with a rotating shaft 4. Both ends of the rotating shaft 4 are provided with a runner 5 with a plurality of blades, and a tensile steel rope 6 wound on the rotating shaft 4 and the intercepting structure 1 are provided. connect.
  • the aforementioned intercepting structure 1 moves synchronously with the impacting ship and drives the rotating shaft 4 and the runner 5 at both ends of the rotating shaft 4 to rotate by stretching the steel rope 6.
  • the rotation of the runner 5 in the water needs to overcome the resistance of the water and consume a large amount of water.
  • the main function of the protective device is to intercept the ship to force it to stop moving.
  • the moving ship in order to avoid the collision of the moving ship, in addition to reducing the speed of the ship, it is also important to make the moving ship deflect its own direction of movement. For example, if the protected object is a river or a coastal bridge, in order to make the moving ship deflect its own course after hitting the protective device, although the ship does not stop moving, the ship avoids the bridge pier. , to cross the bridge from the bridge hole to avoid collision accidents. Since the installation position of the protective device is usually within a range of 100 meters from the bridge, the ship only needs to deflect a few degrees to achieve the purpose of changing the course.
  • the structure 1 and the channel are arranged obliquely at an included angle, which can make the ship yaw, or the two energy-consuming structures 2 of the protective device are arranged asymmetrically.
  • the release rate of the tensile steel rope 6 is greater than the release rate of the tensile steel rope 6 of the other energy-consuming structure 2, and the moving ship will deflect toward the energy-consuming structure 2 with a large release rate of the tensile steel rope 6 during collision, and the deflection process is also It will increase the motion energy consumption of the moving ship, and the steering of the moving ship can avoid its collision with the bridge pier; the above-mentioned technical means to make the release rates of the tensile steel ropes 6 of the two energy-consuming structures 2 different can be two energy-consuming structures.
  • the diameters of the rotating shafts 4 of the two energy dissipation structures 2 are different, or the rotational friction forces of the rotating shafts 4 of the two energy dissipation structures 2 are different, or the diameters of the runners 5 of the two energy dissipation structures 2 are different.
  • the above-mentioned release rate of the tensile steel rope 6 of one energy consumption structure 2 is 1.05-1.3 times the release rate of the tensile steel rope 6 of the other energy consumption structure 2, which basically meets the selection requirements.
  • the intercepting structure 1 includes an intercepting net 7, and the rear end of the intercepting net 7 is provided with a trigger cable 8, and the trigger cable 8 is connected with the bottom of a plurality of metacentric buoys 9, and the straight rod end 10 of the metamorphic centroid buoy 9 is connected to the intercepting net 7. front-end connection.
  • the intercepting net 7 floats horizontally on the water surface under the buoyancy of the buoyant 9.
  • the front of the moving vessel first hits the trigger cable 8, exerting a pressure on the trigger cable 8 and driving the trigger cable.
  • the trigger cable 8 makes the center of mass of the metamorphic buoy 9 shift to the bottom of the buoy, so that the metamorphic buoy 9 is rotated and erected, so that the metamorphic buoy 9 with the straight rod end 10 is at an angle or Approaching the vertical state, the buoyant 9 with the straight rod end 10 drives the intercepting net 7 to stand on the water surface and is attached to the leading edge of the moving ship and the hulls on both sides of the leading edge, that is, the intercepting net 7 moves with the moving ship;
  • design the variable centroid buoy 9 so that the height of the intercepting net 7 is usually higher than the height of the bow of the moving vessel, if the axial length of the variable centroid buoy 9 with the straight rod end 10 or the width of the intercepting net 7 is greater than the waterline of the moving vessel To the height between the surface of the bow, a part of the front end of the intercepting net 7 will cover the surface of the bow, or commonly known as the intercepting net 7 to wrap the bow; until the moving vessel stops
  • the structure of the metamorphic core buoy 9 is that the front end of the buoy is integrally provided with a straight rod end 10, one side of the inner wall of the buoy has a wedge 11 with an inclined surface, and the inner wall of the buoy that is radially opposite to the inclined surface is provided with a returnable and rotatable.
  • One end of the limiting plate 12 is connected to the trigger cable 8 outside the bottom of the buoy through a tether 13, and a mass block 14 is provided between the high position of the inclined plane and the limiting plate 12.
  • the high position of the above-mentioned inclined plane is in the middle position of the buoy, and the extended low position of the inclined plane is close to the bottom or rear end of the buoy; when no collision occurs, the buoyant 9 with the changeable center of mass floats horizontally on the water surface, and the mass 14 is located at the high position and limit of the above-mentioned inclined plane.
  • the moving ship presses the trigger cable 8 to move, the trigger cable 8 drives the tether 13, and the tether 13 drives the limit plate 12 to rotate, so that the limit plate 12 loses its restricting effect on the mass block 14.
  • the mass block 14 slides along the inclined plane to the low position of the inclined plane or the bottom of the buoy, and the displacement of the mass block 14 causes the bottom of the buoy to sink and at the same time the straight rod end 10 of the buoy is lifted out of the horizontal and erected, and drives the straight rod end 10
  • the connected intercepting net 7 is released from the water surface to achieve the aforementioned attachment or combination with the bow.
  • the energy-consuming structure 2 is fixedly connected to the ground, and the ground here refers to the underwater ground surface or a suitable position in some specific occasions.
  • the floating body 3 of the aforementioned energy-consuming structure 2 is provided with a plurality of anchor chains 15, The anchor chain 15 is connected with the ground anchor 16.
  • the above connection structure is suitable for specific
  • the connection between the energy-consuming structure 2 and the ground is at least one positioning anchor point on the ground.
  • Each energy-consuming structure 2 preferably has two to four positioning anchor points.
  • the floating body 3 is provided with a plurality of anchor chains 15 and The positioning anchor points are connected by a snap structure or other fixed structure (not shown in detail in the figure), which can be well used in waters with large tidal range; for larger protection areas or some specific occasions, the energy-consuming structure 2
  • the connection with the ground is to fix at least one steel guide rail (not shown in the figure) on the ground, preferably two to four, each energy dissipation structure 2 corresponds to two steel guide rails, and the floating body 3 is provided with multiple anchor chains 15 is connected with the steel guide rail through a snap structure or other fixing structure (not shown in the figure), so that the floating body 3 can be fixed at any point of the steel guide rail, and can flexibly provide protection to the protected object.
  • the aforementioned intercepting structure 1 can also be a self-floating belt-shaped high-strength composite fiber rope 17, and the rope 17 is provided with a plurality of buoyancy airbags 18.
  • the surface of the rope 17 is covered with a high friction damping coefficient rubber layer 19 (shown in Figures 9 and 10); due to the buoyancy of the buoyancy airbag 18 and the self-weight of the rope 17, the rope 17 floats on the water surface, and the rope 17 is connected to the water surface.
  • the above-mentioned ropes 17 are woven from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, which may be multi-layered (shown in FIG. 10 ).
  • the above-mentioned protective device disclosed in the present invention also has a protective effect on relatively small moving ships along with the flexible interception of the ship's movement, and can prevent the ship from capsizing.

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Abstract

一种拦截水面大型移动物体的防护装置，包括拦截结构（1），拦截结构（1）两端连接有耗能结构（2），耗能结构（2）与地面固定连接，拦截结构（1）包括拦截网（7），拦截网（7）的后端设有触发索（8），触发索（8）与多个变质心浮筒（9）底部连接，变质心浮筒（9）的直杆端（10）与拦截网（7）的前端连接。该防护装置能够持续的吸收船舶的运动能量，且防护装置与运动船舶之间不存在刚性碰撞，不会对运动船舶造成碰撞损伤。

Description

拦截水面大型移动物体的防护装置 技术领域：
本发明涉及一种对运动物体进行拦阻的装置，特别是指一种对水面移动物体如船舶进行拦截的防护装置。
背景技术：
随着经济的发展，江河与沿海的水面上各类船舶日益增加，且沿江或沿海有大量的设备或建筑或桥梁，甚至沿海的沙滩会有大量的休息或娱乐的人群，因此运动的船舶可能与上述的设备、建筑、桥梁或人群发生碰撞，造成运动船舶与被撞击物的损坏或/和生命危险，故对特定水上区域或建筑或桥梁进行保护就十分必要。目前一般对设备或建筑的保护是加设一个缓冲装置如废旧轮胎、浮筒等，虽可减小撞击的损伤程度，但无法避免撞击的发生，对桥梁的桥墩的保护措施有桥墩的前后设置防撞桩、或桥墩上设置一个防撞钢围、或桥墩四周设置一个拦阻索，这些防护措施或装置仍然没有避免运动船舶的撞击现象，也仍然会出现船舶与被撞物的损伤。而对海滩上的人群的保护措施基本上警告与提醒，没有刚性的措施，或是设置一个拦阻网进行一个区域的划分。因此，针对现有技术的上述现状，如何提供一个具有有效的防护装置，既避免船舶的刚性碰撞出现的损伤又能更有效地保护可能的被撞物或人群，仍然是一个需要解决的问题。
发明内容：
本发明的发明目的是公开一种拦截水面移动物体的柔性的防护装置。
实现本发明的技术解决方案如下：包括一个可附着于运动物体并具自浮力的拦截结构，该拦截结构两端均与一耗能结构连接，该耗能结构与地面固定连接。
所述的耗能结构包括一浮体，浮体设有一转轴，转轴的两端均设有具有多个叶片的转轮，转轴上缠绕的拉伸钢绳与拦截结构连接。
所述的两个耗能结构中，一个耗能结构的拉伸钢绳的释放速率大于或等于另一耗能结构的拉伸钢绳的释放速率。
所述的拦截结构包括一个拦截网，拦截网的后端设有一触发索，触发索与多个变质心浮筒底部连接，变质心浮筒的直杆端与拦截网的前端连接。
所述的变质心浮筒的结构是一浮筒的前端一体设有直杆端，浮筒内的一侧有一具斜面的楔块，斜面的径向相对的浮筒内壁面设有一可回位并转动的限位板，限位板一端经系绳与浮筒底部外的触发索连接，斜面高位位置与限位板之间设有一质量块。
所述的耗能结构的浮体设有多根锚链条，锚链条与地面固定锚连接。
所述的耗能结构与地面之间的连接结构是在地面固定至少一根钢导轨，浮体设有的多根锚链条与钢导轨经卡扣结构或其它固接结构连接。
所述的拦截结构为一个高强度复合纤维绳索，绳索上设有多个浮力气囊，绳索包覆有高摩擦阻尼系数的橡胶层。
本发明上述公开的技术方案中的拦截结构能够附着在运动船舶的前部，而耗能结 构可以持续的吸收或转移运动船舶的运动能量，使运动船舶减速直至停止，同时还可使运动船舶偏转运动而自身消耗运动能量。本发明的防护装置不仅可以定点设置，而且还可方便地调节设置位置，极大地方便了具体的实际使用，且防护装置与运动船舶之间为随动性的结合，不存在刚性碰撞，对运动船舶不造成碰撞损伤，发明的防护装置还可多个连续设置，形成对一个较大的水平区域进行拦截保护，具有极佳的使用灵活性。
附图说明：
图1为本发明的实施例的一个整体结构示意图。
图2为撞击发生后的整体结构示意图。
图3为耗能结构的结构示意图。
图4为耗能结构的局部放大结构示意图。
图5为变质心浮筒的结构示意图。
图6为变质心浮筒使用后的结构示意图。
图7为本发明的第二实施例的一个整体结构示意图。
图8为第二实施例撞击发生后的整体结构示意图。
图9为带状高强度复合纤维绳索的结构示意图。
图10为带状高强度复合纤维绳索的断面结构示意图。
具体实施方式：
结合附图给出本发明的具体实施方式的详细描述，需要指出的是对本发明的详细描述是为便于对本发明的技术实质的全面理解，而不应视为是对本发明的权利要求的保护范围的限制。
请参见图1～图10，本发明的具体实施例的技术解决方案是：包括一个可附着于运动物体并具自浮力的拦截结构1，该拦截结构1两端均与一耗能结构2连接，该耗能结构2与地面固定连接，一般而言该地面是指水面下方的地表面，实际使用时，具有自浮力的拦截结构1漂浮于水表面，运动物体如船舶撞击拦截结构1后，拦截结构1附着于船舶的船首部分并随运动船舶同步运动，运动的拦截结构1使耗能结构2启动，拦截结构1随运动船舶的持续运动使耗能结构2持续消耗运动船舶的动能，最终使运动船舶停止。只需将上述的防护装置设置于需要保护的水域即水面的设施、建筑、桥梁等工程结构周围的特定水域，就可有效地柔性拦截水面的运动物体如各类船舶，阻止水上运动物体碰撞该工程结构，避免船舶和被保护物的损伤。
所述的耗能结构2包括一浮体3，浮体3设有一转轴4，转轴4的两端均设有具有多个叶片的转轮5，转轴4上缠绕的拉伸钢绳6与拦截结构1连接。实际发生撞击时，前述的拦截结构1与撞击船舶同步运动并通过拉伸钢绳6带动转轴4和转轴4两端的转轮5转动，转轮5在水中的转动需要克服水的阻力从而消耗大量的运动船舶的能量，而使运动船舶减速最终使运动船舶停止；拦截船舶迫使其停止移动是该防护装置的主要功能，在有些情况下，为避免运动船舶发生撞击，除去减小船舶的船速外，使运动船舶偏转自身的运动方向也很重要，例如被保护物为江河或沿海的桥梁，为使运动船舶撞击防护装置后发生自身的航向偏转，虽然船舶没有停止运动，但船舶避开桥墩，从桥洞中穿越桥，避免发生碰撞事故，由于该防护装 置安设位置通常距离桥梁为百米范围，船舶只需偏转几度就可达到改变航向的目的，实际设置时，使防护装置的拦截结构1与航道为一夹角斜向设置，可使船舶偏航，或防护装置的两个耗能结构2为非对称设置，上述的两个耗能结构2中，一个耗能结构2的拉伸钢绳6的释放速率大于另一耗能结构2的拉伸钢绳6的释放速率，撞击时运动船舶会向拉伸钢绳6释放速率大的耗能结构2方向偏转，该偏转过程也会增加运动船舶的运动能量消耗，运动船舶的转向则可避免其与桥墩的撞击；上述使两个耗能结构2的拉伸钢绳6的释放速率不同的技术手段可以是两个耗能结构2的转轴4的直径不相同、或两个耗能结构2的转轴4的转动摩擦力不相同、或两个耗能结构2的转轮5的直径不相同。上述的一个耗能结构2的拉伸钢绳6的释放速率为另一耗能结构2的拉伸钢绳6的释放速率的1.05-1.3倍，基本满足选择的需求。
所述的拦截结构1包括一个拦截网7，拦截网7的后端设有一触发索8，触发索8与多个变质心浮筒9底部连接，变质心浮筒9的直杆端10与拦截网7的前端连接。实际使用时，拦截网7在变质心浮筒9的浮力作用下在水面水平漂浮，在运动船舶撞击时，运动船舶的前沿首先撞击在触发索8上，对触发索8施加一个压力并带动触发索8运动前行，而触发索8使变质心浮筒9的质量中心向浮筒的底部转移，使变质心浮筒9旋转竖起，使具有直杆端10的变质心浮筒9与水平面呈一夹角或接近垂直状态，同时具有直杆端10的变质心浮筒9带动拦截网7上抬立于水面之上并附着于运动船舶的前沿及前沿的两侧船体，即拦截网7随运动船舶一同运动；根据实际需要设计变质心浮筒9使拦截网7的高度通常高于运动船舶船首的高度，如果具有直杆端10的变质心浮筒9的轴向长度或拦截网7的宽度大于运动船舶的水线至船首表面之间的高度，则拦截网7的前端的一部分会覆盖船首表面，或一般俗称为拦截网7包住船首；拦截网7随运动船舶的运动带动前述的耗能结构2的运转，直至运动船舶停止或转向。本发明中所述的前端是指离船舶较远的部分，后端是指离船舶较近的部分。
所述的变质心浮筒9的结构是一浮筒的前端一体设有直杆端10，浮筒内壁的一侧有一具斜面的楔块11，斜面径向相对的浮筒内壁面设有一可回位并转动的限位板12，限位板12一端经系绳13与浮筒底部外的触发索8连接，斜面高位位置与限位板12之间设有一质量块14。上述的斜面高位位置在浮筒的中间位置，斜面的延伸的低位接近浮筒底端或后端；未发生撞击时，变质心浮筒9水平浮于水表面，质量块14位于上述的斜面的高位和限位板12之间，当撞击发生后，运动船舶压迫触发索8运动，触发索8带动系绳13，系绳13带动限位板12转动而使限位板12失去对质量块14的限制作用，质量块14沿斜面滑动至斜面的低位或浮筒的底部，质量块14的位移导致浮筒的底部下沉的同时使浮筒的直杆端10上抬脱离水平而竖起，并带动与直杆端10连接的拦截网7脱离水面而与船首实现前述的附着或结合。
所述的耗能结构2与地面固定连接，此处的地面是指水下的地表面或是一些特定场合的合适的位置，前述的耗能结构2的浮体3设有多根锚链条15，锚链条15与地面固定锚16连接，撞击发生时，船舶的撞击能量一部分通过锚链条15与固定锚16传递至基础地面，其大部分通过耗能结构2传递到水体，上述的连接结构适合特定的被保护物，耗能结构2与地面之间的连接是在地面至少一个定位锚点，每一个耗能结构2优选二～四个定位锚点，浮体3设有的多根锚链条15与定位锚点经卡扣结构或其它固接结构连接(图中未详细给出)，可很好地适用于潮差大的水域；对较大的保护区域或一些特定的场合，耗能结构2与地面之间的连接是在地面固定至少一根钢导轨(图中未示出)，优选二-四根，每一个耗能结构2对应两根钢导轨，浮体3设有的多根锚链条15与钢导轨经卡扣结构或其它固接结构连接(图中未 示出)，这样浮体3可在钢导轨的任意点进行固接，可灵活地对被保护物提供保护。
前面已对本发明的一个实施例的结构、功能等作了描述，实质上，前述的拦截结构1还可以是一个自浮式带状高强度复合纤维绳索17，绳索17上设有多个浮力气囊18，绳索17表面外包覆有高摩擦阻尼系数橡胶层19(图9、图10所示)；由于浮力气囊18的浮力和绳索17自重的作用，绳索17漂浮在水面，且绳索17与水面呈接近垂直状态，撞击发生时，通常由于船首是向前突出的，在船舶的吃水线附近，船首外表面有一倾斜角，施加作用力的拦阻索往往会向船底滑动，导致船舶从绳索17上方驶过，拦阻失败，当船舶撞击在上述的带状高强度复合纤维绳索17上时，由于该绳索17具有高摩擦阻尼系数橡胶层19以及浮力气囊18的浮力的共同作用，使绳索17无滑动位移，实现绳索17与船首外表面的自锁；由于运动船舶的撞击压力和橡胶层19的摩擦力使绳索17与撞击部分附着，随着船舶同步运动的绳索17同样带动耗能结构2运行而消耗和传递船舶的运动能量，上述的绳索17由超高分子量聚乙烯纤维编织，其可以是多层编织(图10所示)。
本发明公开的上述的防护装置，除具前述的拦截运动船舶的功能外，其随着船舶运动的柔性拦截对相对较小的运动船舶还具有保护作用，可避免船舶倾覆。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种拦截水面大型移动物体的防护装置，其特征在于包括一个可附着于运动物体并具自浮力的拦截结构，拦截结构(1)两端均与一耗能结构(2)连接，耗能结构(2)与地面固定连接。
  2. 按权利要求1所述的拦截水面大型移动物体的防护装置，其特征在于所述的耗能结构(2)包括一浮体(3)，浮体(3)设有一转轴(4)，转轴(4)的两端均设有具有多个叶片的转轮(5)，转轴(4)上缠绕的拉伸钢绳(6)与拦截结构(1)连接。
  3. 按权利要求1或2所述的拦截水面大型移动物体的防护装置，其特征在于所述的两个耗能结构(2)中，一个耗能结构(2)的拉伸钢绳(6)的释放速率大于或等于另一耗能结构(2)的拉伸钢绳(6)的释放速率。
  4. 按权利要求3所述的拦截水面大型移动物体的防护装置，其特征在于所述的拦截结构(1)包括一个拦截网，拦截网(7)的后端设有一触发索(8)，触发索(8)与多个变质心浮筒(9)底部连接，变质心浮筒(9)的直杆端与拦截网(7)的前端连接。
  5. 按权利要求4所述的拦截水面大型移动物体的防护装置，其特征在于所述的变质心浮筒(9)的结构是一浮筒的前端一体设有直杆端(10)，浮筒内的一侧有一具斜面的楔块(11)，斜面的径向相对的浮筒内壁面设有一可回位并转动的限位板(12)，限位板(12)一端经系绳(13)与浮筒底部外的触发索(8)连接，斜面高位位置与限位板(12)之间设有一质量块(14)。
  6. 按权利要求5所述的拦截水面大型移动物体的防护装置，其特征在于所述的耗能结构(2)的浮体(3)设有多根锚链条(15)，锚链条(15)与地面固定锚(16)连接。
  7. 按权利要求6所述的拦截水面大型移动物体的防护装置，其特征在于所述的耗能结构(2)与地面之间的连接结构是在地面固定至少一根钢导轨，浮体(3)设有的多根锚链条(15)与钢导轨经卡扣结构或其它固接结构连接。
  8. 按权利要求1或2所述的拦截水面大型移动物体的防护装置，其特征在于所述的拦截结构(1)为一个高强度复合纤维绳索(17)，绳索(17)上设有多个浮力气囊(18)，绳索(17)包覆有高摩擦阻尼系数的橡胶层(19)。
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