WO2022134223A1 - 一种自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头 - Google Patents

一种自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022134223A1
WO2022134223A1 PCT/CN2021/070587 CN2021070587W WO2022134223A1 WO 2022134223 A1 WO2022134223 A1 WO 2022134223A1 CN 2021070587 W CN2021070587 W CN 2021070587W WO 2022134223 A1 WO2022134223 A1 WO 2022134223A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
intake
air
liquid
section
orifice plate
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/070587
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
龚辰
李东阳
王育立
高波
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江苏大学
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Application filed by 江苏大学 filed Critical 江苏大学
Priority to US17/608,995 priority Critical patent/US11766684B2/en
Publication of WO2022134223A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022134223A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0475—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber with means for deflecting the peripheral gas flow towards the central liquid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/08—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means
    • B05B12/085—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to flow or pressure of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0425—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid without any source of compressed gas, e.g. the air being sucked by the pressurised liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/14—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials or several in selected proportions to a spray apparatus, e.g. to a single spray outlet
    • B05B12/1418—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials or several in selected proportions to a spray apparatus, e.g. to a single spray outlet for supplying several liquids or other fluent materials in selected proportions to a single spray outlet
    • B05B12/1427—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials or several in selected proportions to a spray apparatus, e.g. to a single spray outlet for supplying several liquids or other fluent materials in selected proportions to a single spray outlet a condition of a first liquid or other fluent material in a first supply line controlling a condition of a second one in a second supply line
    • B05B12/1436—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials or several in selected proportions to a spray apparatus, e.g. to a single spray outlet for supplying several liquids or other fluent materials in selected proportions to a single spray outlet a condition of a first liquid or other fluent material in a first supply line controlling a condition of a second one in a second supply line the controlling condition of the first liquid or other fluent material in the first supply line being its flow rate or its pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/12—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B05B7/1254—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the controlling means being fluid actuated

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of plant protection mechanical atomization and spraying, in particular to a fan-shaped air suction nozzle capable of automatically adjusting the suction speed.
  • Air suction nozzles are an effective anti-drift technology. Based on the Venturi effect, the air suction nozzle automatically inhales air and mixes with the liquid medicine to form a gas-liquid mixed flow. The mist droplets formed by its atomization have a larger particle size and are not easy to drift. According to the law of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, instability occurs in the fluid with shear velocity or between the interface of two different fluids with velocity difference. full. However, the structure of the intake channel of the existing air-suction nozzle is fixed, and the intake speed cannot be adjusted. When the spray pressure changes, the intake speed will change, and the appropriate intake speed cannot be guaranteed.
  • the angle between the center line of the air inlet channel of the existing air suction nozzle and the center line of the liquid channel is 90°, and the mixing efficiency is limited when the air and the liquid collide, and the liquid medicine and the air cannot be fully mixed, thus affecting the atomization effect.
  • the present invention provides a fan-shaped air suction nozzle that automatically adjusts the suction speed, which can automatically adjust the air intake speed according to the change of the liquid pressure flowing into the nozzle, so that the inhaled gas can be more fully and The liquid in the straight column section at the inlet of the liquid channel collides, so that the air and the pressure liquid are mixed better.
  • the present invention achieves the above technical purpose through the following technical means.
  • a fan-shaped air suction nozzle capable of automatically adjusting the suction speed, comprising a nozzle body and a liquid channel.
  • the nozzle body is provided with a liquid channel communicating with the nozzle holes, and also includes a pressure groove and an air intake channel; the inlet section of the liquid channel is connected to the pressure groove.
  • the air inlet channel is connected with the liquid channel after passing through the pressure groove; the air intake orifice plate is installed in the pressure groove through the elastic damping device, and the air inlet orifice plate is connected between the pressure groove and the air inlet channel through the change of the inlet pressure of the liquid channel.
  • the intersection moves; the air intake orifice plate is provided with a number of through holes of the same or different sizes, which move in the pressure groove through the air intake orifice plate to change the air intake volume in the liquid channel.
  • the air intake orifice plate is provided with a number of through holes of the same size; on the air intake orifice plate, the through holes are arranged from dense to gradually sparse from top to bottom; the axial area of the through holes is the intake air 1/20 to 1/5 of the axial cross-sectional area of the channel.
  • the included angle ⁇ between the center line of the air inlet channel and the center line of the liquid channel is an obtuse angle, and the included angle ⁇ is 90° ⁇ 145°.
  • a sealing member is provided between the air intake orifice plate and the pressure groove.
  • At least two pressure grooves and two air inlet passages are symmetrically arranged on the spray head body respectively.
  • the liquid channel is sequentially provided with a straight column section at the liquid inlet end, a tapered section, a straight column section at the air inlet, a gradually expanding section and a straight column section at the liquid outlet end along the flow direction of the high-pressure liquid;
  • the column section is communicated with the pressure groove, and the straight column section at the air intake is communicated with the intake passage.
  • the ratio of the inlet diameter to the outlet diameter of the tapered section is 2:1, and the conical angle of the cross section of the tapered section is 25° ⁇ 45°.
  • the ratio of the inlet diameter to the outlet diameter of the gradually expanding section is 1:2, and the conical angle of the cross section of the gradually expanding section is 30° ⁇ 60°.
  • Q s is the intake air volume, the unit is m 3 /s;
  • S 0 is the area of the through hole, the unit is m 2 ;
  • m is the number of intake passages
  • v s is the air intake speed, in m/s
  • a 1 is the area of the cross section of the vertical centerline of the intake passage
  • a 2 is the area of the cross section of the straight column section at the intake.
  • the fan-shaped air suction nozzle that automatically adjusts the inhalation speed of the present invention can automatically adjust the air intake speed according to the change of the liquid pressure flowing into the nozzle, so that the inhaled gas is more fully connected to the straight column section at the air inlet of the liquid channel.
  • the liquid inside collides, so that the air and the pressurized liquid are mixed better.
  • the fan-shaped air suction nozzle for automatically adjusting the suction speed of the present invention provides a formula for the number of through holes n at the intersection of the intake orifice plate and the intake channel, which can better realize gas-liquid mixing.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the fan-shaped air suction nozzle for automatically adjusting the suction speed according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an air intake orifice plate in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1-Sprinkler body 2-Pressure groove; 3-Inlet orifice plate; 4-Inlet channel; 5-Spring; 6-Spring seat; 7-Spray hole; Section; 10-straight column section at the inlet; 11-tapered section; 12-straight column section at the liquid inlet.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as “first” or “second” may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
  • “plurality” means two or more, unless otherwise expressly and specifically defined.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication between the two components.
  • installed e.g., it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication between the two components.
  • the fan-shaped air suction nozzle for automatically adjusting the suction speed of the present invention includes a nozzle body 1, a liquid channel, a pressure groove 2 and an air intake channel 4.
  • the nozzle body 1 is provided with a nozzle 7 that communicates with the nozzle.
  • the liquid channel is provided with a straight column section 12 at the liquid inlet, a tapered section 11, a straight column section 10 at the air inlet, a gradually expanding section 9 and a straight column section 8 at the liquid outlet end along the flow direction of the high-pressure liquid. ;
  • the straight column section 12 at the liquid inlet is communicated with the pressure tank 2
  • the straight column section 10 at the air inlet is communicated with the intake passage 4 .
  • the diameter at the outlet of the tapered section 11, the diameter of the straight column section 10 at the intake, and the diameter at the inlet of the tapered section 9 are equal; the ratio of the inlet diameter to the outlet diameter of the tapered section 11 is 2:1, so The conical angle of the cross section of the tapered section 11 is 25° ⁇ 45°.
  • the ratio of the inlet diameter to the outlet diameter of the gradually expanding section 9 is 1:2, and the conical angle of the cross section of the gradually expanding section 9 is 30° ⁇ 60°.
  • the air inlet channel 4 is connected to the liquid channel after passing through the pressure groove 2; the air inlet orifice plate 3 is installed in the pressure groove 2 through an elastic damping device, and the air inlet orifice plate 3 is installed in the pressure groove 2 through the change of the inlet pressure of the liquid channel. It moves at the intersection with the intake channel 4; the intake orifice plate 3 is provided with a number of through holes of the same or different sizes, which move in the pressure groove 2 through the intake orifice plate 3 to change the intake in the liquid channel. air volume.
  • FIG. 1 is Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and the air intake orifice plate 3 is provided with a plurality of through holes of the same size.
  • the through holes are arranged from dense to sparse from top to bottom; the air intake orifice plate 3 can move up and down in the direction of liquid flow in the pressure groove 2; according to the size of the pressure groove 2 Select the spring 5, install the spring 5 on the spring seat 6; install the spring 5 and the spring seat 6 on the nozzle body 1, and the spring seat 6 and the nozzle body 1 are fixed by snap-fit;
  • the axial area of the through hole is the intake air 1/20 ⁇ 1/5 of the axial cross-sectional area of the channel 4,
  • the outer 3 of the intake orifice plate is a cuboid, the intake orifice plate 3 is closely matched with the pressure groove 2, and the liquid will not enter the intake channel from the pressure groove 2 4 or the through hole of the air intake orifice plate 3; install the nozzle body 1 on the spray bar of the sprayer, and
  • the liquid pumped into the nozzle has a certain pressure, and the pressure liquid flows through the liquid channel and is finally ejected from the nozzle hole 7 .
  • the pressure liquid first enters the straight column section 12 of the liquid inlet end in the nozzle, and part of the liquid enters the pressure tank 2 from the straight column section 12 of the liquid inlet end, and the pressure liquid squeezes the intake orifice plate 3 in the pressure tank 2. Then, pressure is applied to the spring 5, and finally the air intake orifice plate 3 is located at an equilibrium position under the balance of the pressure of the liquid and the elastic force of the spring 5, and this position is the air intake position in the equilibrium state.
  • the air passes through the intake passage 4 at the equilibrium position of the intake orifice plate 3, and collides with the pressure liquid in the straight column section 10 at the intake, wherein the angle of the collision direction between the air flow and the liquid flow is an obtuse angle ⁇ , and the included angle ⁇ is 90° ⁇ 145°, so that the liquid and air in the nozzle can be mixed better; the intake passage 4 matches the through holes on the intake orifice plate 3 to ensure that the intake speed is basically unchanged.
  • the gas-liquid mixed flow enters the gradually expanding section 9, and the air and the liquid are further mixed, and then reach the straight column section 8 at the liquid outlet end and are ejected from the nozzle hole 7 to form a spray, which is broken into mist droplets.
  • the liquid pressure will push the intake orifice plate 3 to move down, and finally the intake orifice plate 3 is in a new equilibrium position under the balance of the liquid pressure and the elastic force of the spring 5 ,
  • the intake passage 4 corresponds to the upper position of the intake orifice plate 3, that is, the position where the number of through holes is large.
  • the intake volume increases, the intake area increases, and the intake speed is basically unchanged.
  • the spring 5 will push the intake orifice plate 3 to move upward.
  • the intake channel 4 corresponds to the lower position of the intake orifice plate 3, that is, the position where the number of through holes is small, and the corresponding , the intake volume decreases, the intake area decreases, and the intake speed is basically unchanged.
  • the position of the intake orifice plate 3 can be changed with the change of the spray pressure, and then the intake speed can be adjusted, that is, the intake speed of the nozzle can be adjusted to ensure that the liquid medicine and the air are fully mixed.
  • the balance position corresponds to the calculation of the number of through holes on the intake orifice plate 3 matched with the intake passage 4:
  • the liquid flow velocity v 1 at the inlet of the tapered section 11 and the liquid flow velocity v 2 at the outlet of the tapered section 11 can be obtained:
  • Q is the flow rate of the nozzle, in m 3 /s;
  • S 1 is the cross-sectional area at the entrance of the tapered section 11, in m 2 ;
  • S 2 is the cross-sectional area at the outlet of the tapered section 11, in m 2 ;
  • v 1 is the liquid flow rate at the inlet of the tapered section 11, in m/s;
  • v 2 is the liquid flow rate at the outlet of the tapered section 11, in m/s.
  • the pressure at the outlet of the tapered section 11 can be obtained
  • p 1 is the liquid pressure at the inlet of the tapered section 11, in Pa
  • p 2 is the liquid pressure at the outlet of the tapered section 11, in Pa
  • ⁇ is the density of water, in kg/m 3
  • g is the acceleration of gravity
  • v s is the air intake velocity, and the unit is m/s;
  • S 3 is the actual required intake area, and the unit is m 2 ;
  • the number of through holes that a single intake orifice plate 3 needs to provide is:
  • the number of through holes that a single intake orifice plate 3 needs to provide that is, the number of through holes that a single intake orifice plate 3 matches with the intake channel 4 is:
  • the through holes are arranged from dense to gradually sparse from top to bottom, and the specific location distribution of the through holes on the air intake orifice plate 3 is determined as follows:
  • the position distribution characteristics of the through holes on the intake orifice plate 3 are affected by the springs 5 with different elastic coefficients.
  • p is the pressure of the liquid flowing into the nozzle body 1
  • S c is the area of the contact surface between the liquid in the pressure tank 2 and the air inlet orifice 3
  • F C is the normal force on the area S c of the liquid
  • F is the elastic force of the spring 5
  • k is the elastic coefficient of the spring 5
  • x is the deformation amount of the spring 5.
  • the relationship between the number of through holes matching a single intake orifice plate 3 and the intake channel 4 and the compression amount of the spring 5 can be established, and then the positional distribution characteristics of the through holes on the intake orifice plate 3 can be determined.
  • the diameter at the entrance of the tapered section 11 is 6 mm
  • the diameter at the outlet of the tapered section 11 is 6 mm.
  • the diameter and the diameter of the straight column section 6 at the air intake are taken as 3mm; the cross section of the intake channel 4 is taken as a rectangle with a length of 3mm and a width of 1.5mm; the outer dimensions of the intake orifice plate 3 are taken as 9mm in length, 4.5mm in width and 2mm, the area S c of the liquid contact surface of the air inlet orifice plate 3 and the pressure tank 2 is the product of the width and thickness of the air inlet orifice plate 3, that is, S c is 9mm 2 ; the diameter of the through hole on the air inlet orifice plate 3 is 0.4 mm, that is, the through-hole area S 0 is 0.1256 mm 2 ; the spring 5 is a round coil spring with an outer diameter of 2 mm, a natural length of 6 mm, and an elastic coefficient k of 1 N/mm.
  • the elastic force of the spring 5 and the compression amount of the spring 5 can be calculated, which are determined according to the compression amount of the spring 5, the cross-sectional size of the intake passage 4 and the number of through holes that a single intake orifice plate 3 needs to provide. Distribution characteristics of the positions of the through holes on the air intake orifice plate 3 .
  • the intake air volume Q s is 1.13 ⁇ 10 -7 m 3 /s
  • the intake air volume is 1.13 ⁇ 10 -7 m 3 /s.
  • the speed v s is 0.06m/s
  • the number of through holes provided by a single intake orifice plate 3 is 8
  • the spring force F of the spring 5 is 0.9N
  • the compression amount x of the spring 5 is 0.9mm.
  • the intake orifice plate 3 corresponds to The positions of the number of through holes are matched with the intake passage 4 .
  • the required intake area on the intake orifice plate 3 is determined by the amount of intake air, and finally the number of required through holes is calculated through the required intake area on the intake orifice plate 3 .
  • the intake air volume Q s is 2.05 ⁇ 10 -7 m 3 /s
  • the intake air The required intake area on the orifice plate 3 is 3.42mm 2
  • the required number of through holes is 14
  • the spring force F of the spring 5 is 2.7N
  • the compression amount x of the spring 5 is 2.7mm.
  • the intake orifice plate 3 The positions of the corresponding number of through holes are matched with the intake passages 4 .
  • the intake air volume Q s is 2.506 ⁇ 10 -7 m 3 /s, and the required The number of through holes is 17, the spring force F of the spring 5 is 4.5N, and the compression amount x of the spring 5 is 4.5mm.
  • the relationship between the liquid working pressure entering the nozzle and the compression amount of the spring 5 can be obtained: for every 0.1MPa increase in the liquid working pressure, the compression amount of the spring 5 increases by 0.9mm.
  • the position distribution of the through holes on the intake orifice plate 3 can be obtained, the number n of through holes matching the intake orifice plate 3 and the intake passage 4 and the compression amount of the spring 5 can be obtained.
  • the relation of x can be simply expressed as:
  • the end of the intake orifice plate 3 in contact with the spring 5 is used as the reference surface: in the natural state of the spring 5, the position on the intake orifice plate 3 at a distance of 2 mm from this reference surface is the same as the position of the intake channel 4.
  • the lower ends are in contact with each other, and the through hole is set at this position. This position is recorded as the initial position of the air intake, and the distance from the reference surface to the initial position of the air intake is recorded as l;
  • the compression amount x of the spring 5 is 0.9mm, that is, the distance that the intake orifice plate 3 moves is 0.9mm, and the initial position of the intake air on the intake orifice plate 3 moves along it.
  • the distance at 0.9mm in the opposite direction is recorded as l 1 ;
  • the compression amount x of the spring 5 is 2.7mm, that is, the distance that the intake orifice plate 3 moves is 2.7mm, and the initial position of the intake air on the intake orifice plate 3 moves along it.
  • the distance at 2.7mm in the opposite direction is recorded as l 2 ;
  • the compression amount x of the spring 5 is 4.5mm, that is, the distance that the intake orifice plate 3 moves is 4.5mm, and the initial position of the intake air on the intake orifice plate 3 moves along it.
  • the distance at 4.5 mm in the opposite direction is recorded as l 3 .

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Abstract

一种自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头，包括喷头体（1）和液体通道，压力槽（2）和进气通道（4），喷头体（1）内设有与喷孔（7）连通的液体通道；液体通道入口段与压力槽（2）连通，进气通道（4）贯穿压力槽（2）后与液体通道连通；压力槽（2）内通过弹性阻尼装置安装进气孔板（3），通过液体通道入口压力的变化使进气孔板（3）在压力槽（2）与进气通道（4）相交处移动；进气孔板（3）上设有若干大小相同或相异的通孔，通过进气孔板（3）在压力槽（2）内移动，用于改变液体通道内的进气量。该结构能够根据流入喷头内的液体压力变化而自动调整进气速度，使吸入的气体更加充分地与液体通道进气处直柱段内的液体相撞击，从而使空气与压力液体更好的混合。

Description

一种自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头 技术领域
本发明涉及植保机械雾化喷雾领域，特别涉及一种自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头。
背景技术
喷雾飘移是影响喷雾作业质量和造成农药危害的重要因素，气吸喷头是一种有效的防飘移技术。基于文氏效应，气吸喷头自动吸入空气与药液混合，形成气液混合流，由其雾化形成的雾滴具有较大粒径，不易飘移。根据开尔文-赫姆霍兹不稳定规律，在有剪切力速度的流体内部或有速度差的两个不同流体的界面之间发生不稳定的现象，气液速度差越大，两者混合越充分。但现有气吸式喷头进气通道结构固定，进气速度无法调节，当喷雾压力变化时，进气速度会发生变化，不能保证合适的进气速度。同时，现有气吸喷头进气通道中心线与液体通道中心线夹角为90°，空气与液体撞击时混合效率有限，不能保证药液和空气充分混合，从而影响雾化效果。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供了一种自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头，能够根据流入喷头内的液体压力变化而自动调整进气速度，使吸入的气体更加充分地与液体通道进气处直柱段内的液体相撞击，从而使空气与压力液体更好的混合。
本发明是通过以下技术手段实现上述技术目的的。
一种自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头，包括喷头体和液体通道，喷头体内设有与喷孔连通的液体通道，还包括压力槽和进气通道；所述液体通道入口段与压力槽连通，所述进气通道贯穿压力槽后与液体通道连通；所述压力槽内通过弹性阻尼装置安装进气孔板，通过液体通道入口压力的变化使进气孔板在压力槽与进气通道相交处移动；所述进气孔板上设有若干大小相同或相异的通孔，通过进气孔板在压力槽内移动，用于改变液体通道内的进气量。
进一步，所述进气孔板上设有若干大小相同的通孔；在进气孔板上，所述通孔自上而下由密集到逐渐稀疏布置；所述通孔轴向面积为进气通道轴向截面积的1/20～1/5。
进一步，所述进气通道中心线与液体通道中心线夹角α为钝角，夹角α为90°～145°。
进一步，所述进气孔板与压力槽之间设有密封件。
进一步，所述喷头体上分别对称设有至少2个压力槽和2个进气通道。
进一步，所述液体通道沿高压液体流过方向依次设有进液端直柱段、渐缩段、进气处直柱段、渐扩段和出液端直柱段；所述进液端直柱段与压力槽连通，所述进气处直柱段与进气 通道连通。
进一步，所述渐缩段的进口直径和出口直径比例为2∶1，所述渐缩段横截面圆锥角度为25°～45°。
进一步，所述渐扩段的进口直径和出口直径比例为1∶2，所述渐扩段横截面圆锥角度为30°～60°。
所述进气孔板与进气通道交汇处通孔数量n的公式为：
Figure PCTCN2021070587-appb-000001
其中：
Q s为进气量，单位为m 3/s；
S 0为通孔的面积，单位为m 2；
m为进气通道的个数；
v s为进气速度，单位为m/s；
A 1为进气通道垂直中心线的横截面的面积；
A 2为进气处直柱段横截面的面积。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1.本发明所述的自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头，能够根据流入喷头内的液体压力变化而自动调整进气速度，使吸入的气体更加充分地与液体通道进气处直柱段内的液体相撞击，从而使空气与压力液体更好的混合。
2.本发明所述的自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头，给出了进气孔板与进气通道交汇处通孔数量n的公式，可以更好的实现气液混合。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头结构示意图。
图2为本发明中实施例中进气孔板的结构示意图。
图中：
1-喷头体；2-压力槽；3-进气孔板；4-进气通道；5-弹簧；6-弹簧座；7-喷孔；8-出液端直柱段；9-渐扩段；10-进气处直柱段；11-渐缩段；12-进液端直柱段。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但本发明的保护范围并不限于 此。
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“轴向”、“径向”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
如图1所示，本发明所述的自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头，包括喷头体1、液体通道、压力槽2和进气通道4，喷头体1内设有与喷孔7连通的液体通道，所述液体通道沿高压液体流过方向依次设有进液端直柱段12、渐缩段11、进气处直柱段10、渐扩段9和出液端直柱段8；所述进液端直柱段12与压力槽2连通，所述进气处直柱段10与进气通道4连通。渐缩段11出口处的直径、进气处直柱段10的直径、渐扩段9入口处的直径三者相等；所述渐缩段11的进口直径和出口直径比例为2∶1，所述渐缩段11横截面圆锥角度为25°～45°。所述渐扩段9的进口直径和出口直径比例为1∶2，所述渐扩段9横截面圆锥角度为30°～60°。所述进气通道4贯穿压力槽2后与液体通道连通；所述压力槽2内通过弹性阻尼装置安装进气孔板3，通过液体通道入口压力的变化使进气孔板3在压力槽2与进气通道4相交处移动；所述进气孔板3上设有若干大小相同或相异的通孔，通过进气孔板3在压力槽2内移动，用于改变液体通道内的进气量。
图1为本发明实施例1，所述进气孔板3上设有若干大小相同的通孔。在进气孔板3上，所述通孔自上而下由密集到逐渐稀疏布置；进气孔板3可在压力槽2内沿液体流过的方向上下活动；根据压力槽2的尺寸大小选择弹簧5，将弹簧5安装在弹簧座6上；将弹簧5和弹 簧座6安装在喷头体1上，弹簧座6和喷头体1通过卡扣卡接固定；通孔轴向面积为进气通道4轴向截面积的1/20～1/5，所述进气孔板外3形为长方体，进气孔板3与压力槽2紧密配合，液体不会从压力槽2进入进气通道4或进气孔板3的通孔；将喷头体1安装在喷雾机的喷杆上，开启液泵。泵入喷头的液体带有一定的压力，压力液体流过液体通道，最终从喷孔7喷出。压力液体先进入喷头内的进液端直柱段12，部分液体从进液端直柱段12进入压力槽2，压力液体在压力槽2内挤压进气孔板3，进气孔板3进而给弹簧5施加压力，最终进气孔板3在液体的压力和弹簧5弹力的平衡下，位于一个平衡位置，此位置为平衡状态下的进气位置。
空气在进气孔板3的平衡位置下通过进气通道4，与进气处直柱段10内的压力液体相撞击，其中空气流与液体流撞击方向的角度为钝角α，夹角α为90°～145°，使喷头内的液体和空气能更好的撞击混合；进气通道4与进气孔板3上的通孔相匹配，保证进气速度基本不变。气液混合流进入渐扩段9，空气与液体进一步混合，进而到达出液端直柱段8由喷孔7喷出，形成喷雾，破碎成雾滴。
当喷雾压力发生变化时，如当喷雾压力增加，液体压力会推动进气孔板3向下移动，最终进气孔板3在液体的压力和弹簧5弹力的平衡下，位于一个新的平衡位置，此时，进气通道4对应进气孔板3上部位置，也即通孔数量较多位置，相应的，进气量增加，进气面积增加，进气速度基本不变。而当喷雾压力减小时，弹簧5会推动进气孔板3向上移动，当达到平衡位置时，进气通道4对应进气孔板3较下部位置，也即通孔数量较少位置，相应的，进气量减小，进气面积减小，进气速度基本不变。总之，进气孔板3的位置可随喷雾压力变化而变化，进而调节进气速度，即调节喷头的吸气速度，保证药液和空气充分混合。
所述平衡位置对应进气通道4相匹配的进气孔板3上通孔个数的计算：
当进入喷头的液体工作压力p 1和单只喷嘴的流量Q给出时，
根据流量公式
Q＝Sgv         ①
可求出渐缩段11入口处的液体流速v 1和渐缩段11出口处的液体流速v 2：
Figure PCTCN2021070587-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021070587-appb-000003
式中，Q为喷头的流量，单位为m 3/s；S 1为渐缩段11入口处的截面积，单位为m 2；S 2 为渐缩段11出口处的截面积，单位为m 2；v 1为渐缩段11入口处的液体流速，单位为m/s；v 2为渐缩段11出口处的液体流速，单位为m/s。
再根据伯努利方程：
Figure PCTCN2021070587-appb-000004
可求出渐缩段11出口处的压力
Figure PCTCN2021070587-appb-000005
式中，p 1为渐缩段11入口处的液体压力，单位为Pa；p 2为渐缩段11出口处的液体压力，单位为Pa；ρ为水的密度，单位为kg/m 3；g为重力加速度；
根据文丘里管射流器的吸气量方程：
Figure PCTCN2021070587-appb-000006
计算出进气量Q s，其中△p＝p 1-p 2，
Figure PCTCN2021070587-appb-000007
式中，Q s为进气量，单位为m 3/s；μ为流量系数；α与温度有关，γ为大气温度的直降率，对于双原子气体取1.4；R为水的流量比重，单位为g/cm 3；△P为压力差，设与p 1相等，单位为100kPa；A＝A 2-mA 1，A 2为进气处直柱段10横截面的面积，A 1为进气通道4垂直中心线的横截面的面积；m为进气通道4的个数。△p为渐缩段11入口处与渐缩段11出口处的压力差，单位为Pa；
再根据吸气速度方程计算出进气速度：
Figure PCTCN2021070587-appb-000008
式中，v s为进气速度，单位为m/s；
根据公式①，计算出实际所需要的进气面积
Figure PCTCN2021070587-appb-000009
式中，S 3为实际所需要的进气面积，单位为m 2；
最后根据进气孔板3上通孔的面积S 0以及实际所需要的进气面积S 3计算出实际所需要的 通孔个数，则单个进气孔板3需要提供的通孔个数为
Figure PCTCN2021070587-appb-000010
单个进气孔板3需要提供的通孔个数即单个进气孔板3与进气通道4相匹配的通孔个数为
Figure PCTCN2021070587-appb-000011
所述通孔自上而下由密集到逐渐稀疏布置，具体进气孔板3上通孔位置分布的确定如下：
进气孔板3上通孔的位置分布特征受不同弹性系数的弹簧5影响。
其中液体压力公式得：
F c＝pS c
式中：p为流入喷头体1的液体压力，S c为压力槽2内液体与进气孔板3接触面的面积，F C为液体在面积S c上所受的法向作用力；
其中弹簧5弹力根据胡克定律计算，得弹簧5变形量
Figure PCTCN2021070587-appb-000012
式中：F为弹簧5弹力，k为弹簧5弹性系数，x为弹簧5变形量。
即平衡位置满足F＝F C，即满足
kx＝pS c。
选定弹簧5后，可建立单个进气孔板3与进气通道4相匹配的通孔个数与弹簧5压缩量的关系式，进而确定进气孔板3上通孔的位置分布特征。
实施例2
根据现有气吸喷头的研究结果，结合本实施例采用一种可以自动调节吸气量的扇形气吸喷头工作时，其渐缩段11入口处的直径取6mm，渐缩段11出口处的直径和进气处直柱段6的直径取3mm；进气通道4截面取长度为3mm、宽度为1.5mm的矩形；进气孔板3外形尺寸的长度取9mm、宽度取4.5mm、厚度取2mm，进气孔板3与压力槽2内液体接触面的面积S c为进气孔板3宽度与厚度的乘积，即S c为9mm 2；进气孔板3上通孔的直径取0.4mm，即通孔面积S 0为0.1256mm 2；弹簧5选取外径为2mm，自然长度为6mm，弹性系数k为1N/mm的圆线螺旋弹簧。
由以上结论，根据表达式
Figure PCTCN2021070587-appb-000013
可以计算出单个进气孔板3需要提供的通孔个数；
根据平衡位置满足F＝F C的条件可计算出弹簧5弹力和弹簧5压缩量，根据弹簧5压缩量、进气通道4的截面尺寸和单个进气孔板3需要提供的通孔个数确定通孔在进气孔板3上位置的分布特征。
例如，当进入喷头的液体工作压力p 1为0.1MPa、喷头的流量Q为0.68L/min时，根据上式，得出进气量Q s为1.13×10 -7m 3/s，进气速度v s为0.06m/s，单个进气孔板3提供的通孔个数为8个，弹簧5弹力F为0.9N，弹簧5压缩量x为0.9mm，此时进气孔板3相应个数的通孔所在位置与进气通道4相匹配。
以进入喷头的液体工作压力p 1为0.1MPa、喷头的流量Q为0.68L/min时的进气速度为参考标准，当工作压力增加时，为保证进气速度基本不变，根据计算得出的进气量来确定进气孔板3上所需的进气面积，最后通过进气孔板3上所需的进气面积来计算所需通孔的个数。
例如，当进入喷头的液体工作压力p 1为0.3MPa、喷头的流量Q为1.18L/min时，根据上式，得出进气量Q s为2.05×10 -7m 3/s，进气孔板3上所需的进气面积为3.42mm 2，所需通孔的个数为14个，弹簧5弹力F为2.7N,弹簧5压缩量x为2.7mm，此时进气孔板3相应个数的通孔所在位置与进气通道4相匹配。
例如，当进入喷头的液体工作压力p 1为0.5MPa、喷头的流量Q为1.52L/min时，根据上式，得出进气量Q s为2.506×10 -7m 3/s，所需通孔的个数为17个，弹簧5弹力F为4.5N，弹簧5压缩量x为4.5mm，此时进气孔板3相应个数的通孔所在位置与进气通道4相匹配。
根据以上计算结果，可得出进入喷头的液体工作压力与弹簧5压缩量的关系：液体工作压力每增加0.1MPa，弹簧5压缩量增加0.9mm。
在本实施例所提供的参数条件下，可得进气孔板3上通孔的位置分布情况，单个进气孔板3与进气通道4相匹配的通孔个数n与弹簧5压缩量x的关系式可以简单表示为：
x＝0.014n 2
如图2所示，以进气孔板3和弹簧5相接触的一端为参考面：在弹簧5自然状态下，进气孔板3上距此参考面2mm处的位置与进气通道4的下端相接触，并在此位置开始设置通孔，此位置记为进气初始位置，参考面到进气初始位置的距离记为l；
当进入喷头的液体工作压力p 1为0.1MPa时，弹簧5压缩量x为0.9mm，即进气孔板3移动的距离为0.9mm，进气孔板3上进气初始位置沿其移动的反方向0.9mm处的距离记为l 1；
当进入喷头的液体工作压力p 1为0.3MPa时，弹簧5压缩量x为2.7mm，即进气孔板3移动的距离为2.7mm，进气孔板3上进气初始位置沿其移动的反方向2.7mm处的距离记为l 2；
当进入喷头的液体工作压力p 1为0.5MPa时，弹簧5压缩量x为4.5mm，即进气孔板3移动的距离为4.5mm，进气孔板3上进气初始位置沿其移动的反方向4.5mm处的距离记为l 3。
应当理解，虽然本说明书是按照各个实施例描述的，但并非每个实施例仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施例的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施例或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头，包括喷头体(1)和液体通道，喷头体(1)内设有与喷孔(7)连通的液体通道，其特征在于，还包括压力槽(2)和进气通道(4)；所述液体通道入口段与压力槽(2)连通，所述进气通道(4)贯穿压力槽(2)后与液体通道连通；所述压力槽(2)内通过弹性阻尼装置安装进气孔板(3)，通过液体通道入口压力的变化使进气孔板(3)在压力槽(2)与进气通道(4)相交处移动；所述进气孔板(3)上设有若干大小相同或相异的通孔，通过进气孔板(3)在压力槽(2)内移动，用于改变液体通道内的进气量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头，其特征在于，所述进气孔板(3)上设有若干大小相同的通孔；在进气孔板(3)上，所述通孔自上而下由密集到逐渐稀疏布置；所述通孔轴向面积为进气通道(4)轴向截面积的1/20～1/5。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头，其特征在于，所述进气通道(4)中心线与液体通道中心线夹角α为钝角，夹角α为90°～145°。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头，其特征在于，所述进气孔板(3)与压力槽(2)之间设有密封件。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头，其特征在于，所述喷头体(1)上分别对称设有至少2个压力槽(2)和2个进气通道(4)。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头，其特征在于，所述液体通道沿高压液体流过方向依次设有进液端直柱段(12)、渐缩段(11)、进气处直柱段(10)、渐扩段(9)和出液端直柱段(8)；所述进液端直柱段(12)与压力槽(2)连通，所述进气处直柱段(10)与进气通道(4)连通。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头，其特征在于，所述渐缩段(11)的进口直径和出口直径比例为2∶1，所述渐缩段(11)横截面圆锥角度为25°～45°。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头，其特征在于，所述渐扩段(9)的进口直径和出口直径比例为1∶2，所述渐扩段(9)横截面圆锥角度为30°～60°。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的自动调节吸气速度的扇形气吸喷头，其特征在于，所述进气孔板(3)与进气通道(4)交汇处通孔数量n的公式为：
    Figure PCTCN2021070587-appb-100001
    其中：
    Q s为进气量，单位为m 3/s；
    S 0为通孔的面积，单位为m 2；
    m为进气通道(4)的个数；
    v s为进气速度，单位为m/s；
    A 1为进气通道(4)垂直中心线的横截面的面积；
    A 2为进气处直柱段(10)横截面的面积。
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