WO2022133657A1 - 一种支持语音功能的呼吸组件及其通气方法和呼吸机 - Google Patents

一种支持语音功能的呼吸组件及其通气方法和呼吸机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022133657A1
WO2022133657A1 PCT/CN2020/138052 CN2020138052W WO2022133657A1 WO 2022133657 A1 WO2022133657 A1 WO 2022133657A1 CN 2020138052 W CN2020138052 W CN 2020138052W WO 2022133657 A1 WO2022133657 A1 WO 2022133657A1
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WIPO (PCT)
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pressure
patient
expiratory
gas
module
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PCT/CN2020/138052
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘杰
韦雨晨
钟要齐
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深圳麦科田生物医疗技术股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/138052 priority Critical patent/WO2022133657A1/zh
Priority to EP20966238.6A priority patent/EP4265291A4/en
Publication of WO2022133657A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022133657A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0465—Tracheostomy tubes; Devices for performing a tracheostomy; Accessories therefor, e.g. masks, filters
    • A61M16/0468—Tracheostomy tubes; Devices for performing a tracheostomy; Accessories therefor, e.g. masks, filters with valves at the proximal end limiting exhalation, e.g. during speaking or coughing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
    • A61M16/022—Control means therefor
    • A61M16/024—Control means therefor including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0434—Cuffs
    • A61M16/044—External cuff pressure control or supply, e.g. synchronisation with respiration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/20—Valves specially adapted to medical respiratory devices
    • A61M16/201—Controlled valves
    • A61M16/202—Controlled valves electrically actuated
    • A61M16/203—Proportional
    • A61M16/205—Proportional used for exhalation control
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/08—Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
    • A61M16/0816—Joints or connectors
    • A61M16/0833—T- or Y-type connectors, e.g. Y-piece
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/0027—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure pressure meter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/18—General characteristics of the apparatus with alarm

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the field of medical technology, and in particular, relates to a breathing component supporting voice function, a ventilation method thereof, and a ventilator.
  • Tracheotomy refers to the incision of the patient's cervical trachea and intubation to solve problems such as dyspnea and respiratory dysfunction.
  • Patients who use tracheotomy clinically need to be intubated for assisted breathing and gas exchange with the outside world.
  • the gas does not flow through the upper airway and vocal cords, and cannot make sounds, which hinders the communication between doctors and patients.
  • the voice valve is used to help patients vocalize.
  • the principle is to use a one-way valve to prevent the exhaled gas from passing through the expiratory branch of the tracheal intubation, so as to pass through the upper airway and make the vocal cords vibrate and sound.
  • the intubation tube needs to be removed to install the voice valve, and the voice valve needs to be removed after use.
  • Some patients can quickly adapt to the voice valve, while some patients need to gradually increase the time of wearing the voice valve through training. Repeated disassembly of the voice valve will cause complex clinical operations, and will also cause component wear, resulting in increased costs.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a voice-enabled breathing assembly, a ventilation method and a ventilator, which can replace the voice valve without disassembly, can avoid component wear, reduce costs, and facilitate clinical operation.
  • the present application provides a breathing component that supports a voice function
  • the breathing component includes: a monitoring module, the monitoring module is used to monitor the mouth pressure and the expiratory tract pressure of a patient; an inhalation module, the inhalation module The module is used to provide gas for the patient when inhaling; the exhalation module includes an expiratory branch that communicates with the patient's expiratory tract, and the exhalation module is used to discharge the gas generated by the patient's exhalation, so
  • the exhalation module is further configured to control the expiratory branch pressure to be greater than the mouth end pressure according to the mouth end pressure and the expiratory airway pressure monitored by the monitoring module, and at the same time when the patient exhales spontaneously At the same time, due to the increase in expiratory tract pressure caused by the contraction of the lungs during the patient's exhalation, the gas in the patient's expiratory tract flows to the mouth, and the flowing gas drives the patient's vocal cords to vibrate to produce sound.
  • the exhalation module includes an adjustment member disposed on the expiratory branch, and the adjustment member is used to adjust the difference between the pressure of the expiratory branch and the pressure at the mouth end to be the first preset. set value, the value of the first preset value is greater than zero.
  • the breathing assembly further includes an alarm module, and the alarm module is configured to perform an alarm action when the mouth pressure or the expiratory airway pressure is greater than a second preset value.
  • the exhalation module is further configured to control the pressure of the expiratory branch to be the same as the pressure at the mouth end, so that the gas in the expiratory branch is retained.
  • the exhalation module is further configured to control the breathing branch pressure to zero.
  • the breathing assembly further includes a cannula and a balloon
  • the cannula is used for inserting into the expiratory tract
  • the balloon is arranged on the periphery of the cannula
  • the monitoring module also uses The pressure inside the balloon is acquired in real time.
  • the alarm module is further configured to perform an alarm action when the pressure inside the balloon is greater than a third preset value.
  • the breathing assembly further includes an analysis module, which is used to analyze the expiratory airway pressure and the mouth pressure obtained by the monitoring module, to determine whether the patient is exhaling or inhaling, and to record the patient. number of breathing cycles.
  • an analysis module which is used to analyze the expiratory airway pressure and the mouth pressure obtained by the monitoring module, to determine whether the patient is exhaling or inhaling, and to record the patient. number of breathing cycles.
  • the present application further provides a ventilator, the ventilator including the breathing assembly according to any one of the embodiments of the first aspect.
  • the present application also provides a method for ventilating a breathing component that supports a voice function
  • the breathing component includes an expiratory branch communicating with an expiratory tract of a patient
  • the method for ventilating the breathing component includes: monitoring a patient's mouth pressure and expiratory airway pressure; when the patient inhales, provide gas to the patient when inhaling; when the patient exhales, discharge the gas produced by the patient's exhalation, or control the expiratory branch pressure to be greater than the mouth pressure,
  • the pressure of the expiratory tract rises due to the contraction of the lungs during the patient's exhalation, so that the gas in the expiratory tract of the patient flows to the mouth, and the vocal cords of the patient vibrate to produce sound.
  • the breathing assembly includes a regulating member disposed on the expiratory branch, and when the patient exhales, the gas generated by the patient's exhalation is discharged, or the pressure of the expiratory branch is controlled to be greater than the predetermined pressure.
  • the pressure of the expiratory tract rises due to the contraction of the lungs during the patient's exhalation, so that the gas in the patient's expiratory tract flows to the mouth, and the flowing gas drives the patient's vocal cords to vibrate to make sounds, including :
  • the difference between the pressure of the expiratory branch and the pressure of the mouth end is adjusted by the adjusting member to be a first preset value.
  • the process before adjusting the difference between the expiratory branch pressure and the mouth end pressure to a first preset value by the adjusting member, the process includes: when the mouth end pressure or the expiratory airway pressure is When it is greater than the second preset value, the alarm action is executed.
  • the method when the mouth pressure or the expiratory airway pressure is greater than a second preset value, before performing the alarming action, the method includes: when the patient is exhaling for the first time, by exhaling multiple times to the airway.
  • the expiratory branch is filled with gas.
  • the method when the patient is exhaling for the first time, before filling the expiratory branch with gas through multiple exhalations, the method includes: adjusting the pressure of the expiratory branch through the adjusting member, so that The expiratory branch pressure is the same as the mouth pressure.
  • the pressure of the expiratory branch is set to zero by adjusting the adjusting member.
  • the ventilator further comprises a tracheal cannula and a balloon, the tracheal cannula is inserted through the patient's expiratory tract, and the balloon is arranged on the outer periphery of the tracheal cannula, when the tracheal cannula is not opened.
  • the balloon In the voice ventilation mode, the balloon is filled with gas and blocks the expiratory airway; before monitoring the patient's mouth pressure and expiratory airway pressure, the process includes: expelling the air in the balloon, and The voice ventilation mode is turned on, and the pressure inside the balloon is acquired in real time.
  • the method includes: when the pressure inside the balloon is greater than a third preset value. , execute the alarm action.
  • the patient's mouth pressure and expiratory airway pressure are monitored by the monitoring module.
  • the exhalation module can make the patient's expiratory branch pressure greater than the mouth pressure, so as to provide the patient with a breathing mode that can emit voice;
  • the inhalation module and the exhalation module can provide the patient with a breathing mode that does not depend on the outside world.
  • the breathing assembly in the present application does not need to be dismantled, which can avoid component wear, thereby reducing the cost.
  • the clinical operation is simple, which is conducive to quickly meeting the patient's vocalization requirements.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the breathing assembly provided by the application when working
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the airway when a patient uses a cannula and a balloon;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the gas flow with the breathing assembly when a patient inhales under an assisted ventilation mode
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the gas flow with the breathing assembly during exhalation of a patient in an assisted ventilation mode
  • Figure 5a is a schematic diagram of the gas flow with the breathing assembly when a patient inhales in a voice ventilation mode in one embodiment
  • Figure 5b is a schematic diagram of the gas flow with the breathing assembly when a patient inhales in a voice ventilation mode in another embodiment
  • Figure 5c is a schematic diagram of the gas flow with the breathing assembly when a patient inhales in a voice ventilation mode in another embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of the voice ventilation mode of the ventilation method of the breathing assembly provided by the application;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of the balloon pressure alarm of the breathing assembly provided by the present application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a breathing component that supports a voice function.
  • the breathing component can be applied to equipment such as a ventilator and an oxygen machine to assist breathing. Can be used as an external component.
  • the breathing assembly is preferably applied to an invasive ventilator.
  • Breathing components include:
  • the monitoring module is used to monitor the patient's mouth pressure (Pmouth) and expiratory airway pressure;
  • the inspiratory module is used to provide gas for the patient to inhale
  • An exhalation module includes an expiratory branch (2) communicated with the expiratory tract (1), the exhalation module is used for expelling the gas generated by the patient's exhalation, and the exhalation module is also used for the mouth monitoring module according to the monitoring module
  • the pressure of the expiratory branch (Pexp) is controlled to be greater than the pressure at the mouth end, and at the same time, under the influence of the increase in the pressure of the expiratory tract caused by the contraction of the lungs, the gas in the expiratory tract of the patient flows to the mouth (7).
  • the gas vibrates the patient's vocal cords to produce sound.
  • the mouth pressure is the pressure in the mouth (oral cavity) when the patient exhales
  • the expiratory tract pressure is the pressure in the expiratory tract (lower airway) when the patient exhales
  • the expiratory branch pressure is the pressure caused by the exhalation.
  • the monitoring of the monitoring module is real-time, capable of acquiring the mouth pressure and the expiratory airway pressure in real time. It can be understood that, referring to Figure 3 and Figure 4, when the patient does not need to speak, the gas can be inhaled through the inhalation module, and the gas can be exhaled from the exhalation module. of comfort.
  • the inspiratory module can be used as the patient's only gas source, and the patient only absorbs the gas provided by the inspiratory module; please refer to Figure 5b, the inspiratory module can also be closed, Let the patient inhale gas from the outside only from the mouth; please refer to Figure 5c, the inhalation module can also act as an auxiliary gas supply. When the patient's gas inhalation from the outside is insufficient, the inhalation module supplements the gas, so that the patient can fully complete the pulmonary circulation. Regarding exhalation, please refer to Figure 6. Under the control of the exhalation module, the expiratory branch pressure is greater than the pressure at the mouth end.
  • the exhalation module controls the expiratory branch pressure to be greater than the pressure at the mouth end so that the patient can vocalize as a voice ventilation mode, and the exhalation module is used to discharge the gas exhaled by the patient as an assisted ventilation mode.
  • the patient's mouth pressure and expiratory airway pressure are monitored by the monitoring module.
  • the exhalation module can make the patient's expiratory branch pressure greater than the mouth pressure, so as to provide the patient with a breathing mode that can emit voice;
  • the inhalation module and the exhalation module can provide the patient with a breathing mode that does not depend on the outside world.
  • the breathing assembly in the present application does not need to be dismantled, which can avoid component wear, thereby reducing the cost.
  • the clinical operation is simple, which is conducive to quickly meeting the patient's vocalization requirements.
  • the exhalation module further includes an adjustment member (3) arranged on the expiratory branch, and the adjustment member is used to adjust the difference between the pressure of the expiratory branch and the pressure at the mouth end to be the first.
  • a preset value ( ⁇ ) Specifically, the value of the first preset value is greater than zero, and can be selected as 0.1H2O ⁇ 1cmH2O.
  • the first preset value is a parameter determined according to the patient's age, BMI (body mass index), physical condition, and other physical qualities.
  • the adjusting piece adjusts the difference between the pressure of the expiratory branch and the pressure at the mouth end to the first preset value, so that the expiratory branch and the mouth of the patient have a relatively low pressure during the exhalation process.
  • a suitable pressure difference will not damage the patient's lungs or affect the patient's vocalization.
  • the inspiratory module includes an inspiratory branch, which is mainly used to deliver gas to the patient.
  • An inhalation valve (not shown) may be provided on the inspiratory branch, and an exhalation valve (not shown) may be provided on the expiratory branch.
  • the breathing assembly further includes an alarm module, and the alarm module is configured to perform an alarm action when the mouth pressure or the expiratory airway pressure is greater than a second preset value (Plimit).
  • Plimit a second preset value
  • the second preset value is a safe limit pressure determined according to the patient's age, BMI, physical condition and other physical qualities. Understandably, if the pressure at the mouth or the expiratory airway is too high, the patient is prone to dyspnea or lung damage. Generally, the second preset value generally does not exceed 60 cmH2O.
  • the alarm module performs an alarm action when the pressure at the mouth end or the expiratory tract is greater than the second preset value, so that the medical staff can discover the abnormal condition of the patient in time, and take relevant measures as soon as possible, which is beneficial to improve the breathing efficiency of the patient. safety.
  • the breathing assembly further includes an analysis module.
  • the analysis module is used to analyze the expiratory airway pressure and the mouth pressure obtained by the monitoring module, so as to determine whether the patient is exhaling or inhaling, and record the number of breathing cycles (k) of the patient. It can be understood that after the voice ventilation mode is turned on (the exhalation module controls the pressure of the expiratory branch to be greater than the pressure at the mouth end), as the number of breathing cycles of the patient increases, the patient is prone to various symptoms of physical discomfort. The number of breathing cycles each patient can withstand is different and can be set according to the patient's age, BMI and physical condition.
  • the exhalation module is also used to control the breathing branch pressure to zero.
  • the number of breathing cycles of the patient is obtained through the analysis module, so that when the patient reaches the limit of the number of breathing cycles, the pressure of the expiratory branch is adjusted to zero, so that the gas in the expiratory tract is completely released through the expiratory module, thereby eliminating the patient's breathing cycle. discomfort.
  • the expiratory branch needs to be refilled with gas. Understandably, there is little air in the expiratory limb after the patient reaches the limit of the number of breathing cycles and the expiratory limb pressure is zeroed.
  • the pressure of the expiratory branch is adjusted by setting the PEEP valve, so that the exhaled gas first fills the expiratory branch (this process is referred to as "Ttrain", which can be filled within 3 breaths). After the filling is completed, most of the gas generated by the patient's exhalation can be discharged from the mouth, which is conducive to the full vibration of the vocal cords to produce sound.
  • the expiratory branch can also be filled with gas through the inspiratory module to reduce the Ttrain time.
  • the expiratory module is also used to control the pressure of the expiratory branch to be the same as the pressure at the mouth end, so that the gas in the expiratory branch is retained. It can be understood that if the pressure of the expiratory branch is greater than the pressure at the mouth end, the gas filled into the expiratory branch will easily escape from the mouth, which is not conducive to quickly completing the gas filling of the expiratory branch. If the pressure of the expiratory branch is lower than the pressure at the mouth end, it is easy for the gas in the expiratory branch to flow into the lungs, which is also not conducive to filling the expiratory branch with gas.
  • the breathing assembly further comprises a cannula (5) and a balloon (6)
  • the cannula is used for inserting into the expiratory tract
  • the balloon is arranged on the periphery of the cannula.
  • the monitoring module is also used to obtain the pressure inside the balloon in real time.
  • both the exhalation module and the inhalation module communicate with the cannula.
  • the gas exhaled by the patient can enter the expiratory module from the intubation tube, and the gas inhaled by the patient can enter the expiratory tract from the inhalation module from the intubation tube.
  • the gas of the balloon needs to be released so that the pressure inside the balloon is reduced (the balloon is no longer blocking the expiratory airway).
  • the pressure inside the balloon is monitored by the monitoring module, so that the abnormality of the balloon pressure (usually caused by incomplete deflation of the balloon) can be detected in time, and relevant processing can be carried out as soon as possible (close the voice ventilation mode, etc.) to reduce the risk of asphyxia of the patient. risk.
  • the internal size of the intubation tube is 4 mm to 12 mm, and the external size of the human body is 15 mm.
  • the intubation tube can be easily filled.
  • the existing detachable voice valve can automatically open the leaking part of the gas when the internal pressure of the device is too large by setting the exhaust hole.
  • the existing voice valve devices are all detachable components, an alarm cannot be installed on it, and it is difficult to realize a real-time alarm when the air in the balloon is not completely removed, thereby further reducing the risk of asphyxiation of the patient.
  • the alarm module is further configured to perform an alarm action when the pressure inside the balloon is greater than a third preset value.
  • a third preset value a third preset value. It can be understood that, when the voice ventilation mode is performed, if an accident occurs and the pressure inside the balloon increases, it will be unfavorable for the patient's breathing, and the patient has a potential safety hazard.
  • the alarm module will give an alarm, which is helpful for medical staff to rescue the patient at the first time. Since there is no need to set a voice valve, the pressure inside the balloon is easier to obtain, so it is also convenient for the alarm module to give an alarm.
  • the alarm action can be flashing lights, sharp sound, sending alarm information to electronic devices such as smart phones, tablet computers, personal digital assistants, walkie-talkies, and desktop computers of medical staff. It can be set according to specific scene needs.
  • Embodiments of the present application also provide a ventilator, which includes the breathing assembly provided by the present application.
  • the ventilator is preferably an invasive ventilator.
  • the ventilator in the assisted inspiratory mode includes but is not limited to SPONT (spontaneous breathing mode), PCV+ (pressure-controlled ventilation mode), PSIMV+ (pressure-controlled and spontaneous ventilation mode), CPAP (continuous positive air pressure ventilation), etc.
  • SPONT spontaneous breathing mode
  • PCV+ pressure-controlled ventilation mode
  • PSIMV+ pressure-controlled and spontaneous ventilation mode
  • CPAP continuous positive air pressure ventilation
  • the ventilator can perform voice ventilation mode (can make sound) and assisted ventilation mode (cannot make sound).
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a method for ventilating a breathing component that supports a voice function.
  • the breathing component includes an expiratory branch that communicates with the expiratory tract, and the method for ventilating the breathing component includes:
  • the gas produced by the patient's exhalation is discharged, or the pressure of the expiratory branch is controlled to be greater than the pressure at the mouth end, and at the same time, the pressure of the expiratory tract increases due to the contraction of the lungs during the patient's exhalation, so that the patient's exhalation
  • the gas in the airway flows to the mouth, and the flowing gas vibrates the patient's vocal cords to produce sound.
  • the mouth pressure and the expiratory airway pressure of the patient in real time, so that the mouth pressure and the expiratory airway pressure can be acquired in real time.
  • the expiratory branch pressure is adjusted so that the expiratory branch pressure is greater than the mouth pressure.
  • the pressure of the expiratory airway rises, and the gas passes through the expiratory airway, providing the patient with a breathing pattern that can make speech; when the patient does not need to make a sound, it can provide the patient with a breathing pattern that does not depend on the outside world.
  • the ventilation method of the present application does not need to be dismantled for switching, which can avoid the wear of components, thereby reducing the cost, and at the same time, since no dismantling is required, the clinical operation is simple, which is conducive to quickly meeting the vocalization requirements of patients.
  • the breathing assembly includes a regulating member arranged on the expiratory branch, and when the patient exhales, the gas produced by the patient's exhalation is discharged, or the pressure of the expiratory branch is controlled to be greater than the pressure at the mouth end, so as to reduce the pressure of the expiratory branch.
  • the gas in the patient's expiratory tract flows to the mouth, and the flowing gas drives the patient's vocal cords to vibrate to produce sounds, including:
  • the difference between the pressure of the expiratory branch and the pressure at the mouth end is adjusted by the adjusting member to be the first preset value. Specifically, the value of the first preset value is greater than zero.
  • the difference between the expiratory branch pressure and the mouth pressure is adjusted to the first preset value by the adjusting member, so that the patient has a suitable pressure difference between the exhalation tract and the mouth during the exhalation process, that is, the patient's lungs will not be injured. Department, it will not affect the patient's vocalization.
  • the adjusting member before adjusting the difference between the pressure of the expiratory branch and the pressure at the mouth end to the first preset value by the adjusting member, it includes:
  • the pressure of the breathing branch is set to zero.
  • the breathing cycle k times is based on the completion of the k-th exhalation and the hold until the end of the exhalation.
  • the steps include:
  • the expiratory branch is filled with gas through multiple exhalations.
  • the next step judging the size of the mouth pressure and the second preset value
  • the expiratory branch is filled with gas through multiple exhalations, so that the gas fills the expiratory branch, and most of the gas generated by the patient when exhaling can be discharged from the mouth, which is conducive to the full vibration of the vocal cords to produce sound.
  • the expiratory branch pressure is adjusted through the PEEP valve so that the expiratory branch pressure is the same as the mouth pressure.
  • the initial exhalation is started. It can be understood that if the pressure of the expiratory branch is greater than the pressure at the mouth end, the gas filled into the expiratory branch will easily escape from the mouth, which is not conducive to quickly completing the gas filling of the expiratory branch. If the expiratory tract pressure is lower than the mouth pressure, it is easy for the gas in the expiratory branch to flow into the lungs, which is also not conducive to filling the expiratory branch with gas.
  • the ventilator further includes a tracheal intubation tube and a balloon, the tracheal intubation tube is pierced through the patient's expiratory tract, and the balloon is arranged on the periphery of the tracheal intubation tube.
  • the voice ventilation mode is not turned on. (Assisted ventilation mode)
  • the balloon is filled with gas and blocks the expiratory airway; before monitoring the patient's mouth pressure and expiratory airway pressure, including:
  • the air inside the balloon is expelled to turn on the voice ventilation mode, and the pressure inside the balloon is obtained in real time.
  • the steps include:

Abstract

一种支持语音功能的呼吸组件及其通气方法和呼吸机，呼吸组件包括：监测模块，监测模块用于监测患者的嘴端压力和呼气道压力；吸气模块，吸气模块用于为患者吸气时提供气体；呼气模块，呼气模块用于排出患者呼气产生的气体，呼气模块还用于根据监测模块监测的嘴端压力，控制呼气支路（2）压力大于嘴端压力，同时由于患者呼气过程中肺部收缩造成呼气道（1）压力上升，使得患者的呼气道（1）内的气体不通过呼气支路（2），而是向嘴部流动，患者的声带振动发声。相对于现有技术中的语音阀，该呼吸组件无需拆除，可避免元件磨损，从而降低了成本，同时，由于无需拆除，临床操作简单，有利于快速满足患者的发声要求。

Description

一种支持语音功能的呼吸组件及其通气方法和呼吸机 技术领域
本申请属于医疗技术领域，尤其涉及一种支持语音功能的呼吸组件及其通气方法和呼吸机。
背景技术
气管切开术是指切开患者颈段气管，放入插管从而解决呼吸困难、呼吸功能失常等问题。临床上使用气管切开术的患者，需要插管进行辅助呼吸，与外界进行气体交换，气体不流经上气道和声带，无法发出声音，给医患交流带来阻碍。现在临床上通过语音阀帮助病人发声，原理是使用单向阀禁止呼出气体从气管插管呼气支路通过，从而经过上气道，使声带振动发声。
但是，在使用语音阀时，需要拆卸插管安装语音阀，使用完毕后需要卸下语音阀。有些患者可以快速适应语音阀，而有些患者需要通过训练逐渐增加佩戴语音阀的时间，语音阀的反复拆卸会造成临床操作复杂，也会造成元件磨损，导致成本增加。也有一些语音阀的设计为嵌入插管内部，但是仍需要重新安装，操作步骤没有简化，同时需要符合呼吸力学设计，增加产品制作成本。因此，现有的语音阀装置存在使用不方便的问题。
因此，如何设计一种无需反复拆卸的呼吸组件来代替语音阀成为了关键。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种支持语音功能的呼吸组件及其通气方法和呼吸机，能够代替语音阀，并且不需拆卸，可避免元件磨损，降低了成本，临床操作简单。
为实现本申请的目的，本申请提供了如下的技术方案：
第一方面，本申请提供了一种支持语音功能的呼吸组件，呼吸组件包括：监测模块，所述监测模块用于监测患者的嘴端压力和呼气道压力；吸气模块，所述吸气模块用于为患者吸气时提供气体；呼气模块，所述呼气模块包括与患者的呼气道连通的呼气支路，所述呼气模块用于排出患者呼气产生的气体，所述呼气模块还用于根据所述监测模块监测的所述嘴端压力和所述呼气道压力，控制所述呼气支路压力大于所述嘴端压力，同时当患者进行自发呼气时，同时由于患者呼气过程中肺部收缩造成呼气道压力上升，使得患者呼气道内的气体向嘴部流动，流动的气体带动患者的声带振动而发声。
一种实施方式中，所述呼气模块包括设于所述呼气支路上的调节件，所述调节件用于调节所述呼气支路压力与所述嘴端压力之差为第一预设值，所述第一预设值的值大于零。
一种实施方式中，所述呼吸组件还包括报警模块，所述报警模块用于在所述嘴端压力或所述呼气道压力大于第二预设值时，执行报警动作。
一种实施方式中，所述呼气模块还用于将所述呼气支路压力控制至与所述嘴端压力相同，以使所述呼气支路中的气体滞留。
一种实施方式中，所述呼气模块还用于将所述呼吸支路压力控制至零。
一种实施方式中，所述呼吸组件还包括插管和球囊，所述插管用于插入所述呼气道，所述球囊设于所述插管的外周，所述监测模块还用于实时获取所述球囊内部的压力。
一种实施方式中，所述报警模块还用于在所述球囊内部的压力大于第三预设值时，执行报警动作。
一种实施方式中，所述呼吸组件还包括分析模块，所述分析模块用于分析所述监测模块获取的呼气道压力和嘴端压力，以判断患者在呼气还是吸气，并 记录患者的呼吸循环次数。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种呼吸机，呼吸机包括第一方面任一项实施方式所述的呼吸组件。
第三方面，本申请还提供了一种支持语音功能的呼吸组件通气方法，所述呼吸组件包括与患者的呼气道连通的呼气支路，呼吸组件通气方法包括：监测患者的嘴端压力和呼气道压力；在患者吸气时，向患者吸气时提供气体；在患者呼气时，排出患者呼气产生的气体，或控制所述呼气支路压力大于所述嘴端压力，同时由于患者呼气过程中肺部收缩造成所述呼气道压力上升，使患者的呼气道内的气体向嘴部流动，患者的声带振动发声。
一种实施方式中，所述呼吸组件包括设于所述呼气支路上的调节件，所述在患者呼气时，排出患者呼气产生的气体，或控制所述呼气支路压力大于所述嘴端压力，同时由于患者呼气过程中肺部收缩造成所述呼气道压力上升，以使患者的呼气道内的气体向嘴部流动，流动的气体带动患者的声带振动而发声，包括：通过所述调节件调节所述呼气支路压力与所述嘴端压力之差为第一预设值。
一种实施方式中，通过所述调节件调节所述呼气支路压力与所述嘴端压力之差为第一预设值之前，包括：当所述嘴端压力或所述呼气道压力大于第二预设值时，执行报警动作。
一种实施方式中，所述当所述嘴端压力或所述呼气道压力大于第二预设值时，执行报警动作之前，包括：当患者为初次呼气时，通过多次呼气向所述呼气支路填充气体。
一种实施方式中，所述当患者为初次呼气时，通过多次呼气向所述呼气支路填充气体之前，包括：通过所述调节件调节所述呼气支路压力，以使所述呼气支路压力与所述嘴端压力相同。
一种实施方式中，当患者在语音通气模式中呼吸循环预设次数后，通过调节所述调节件使所述呼气支路压力为零。
一种实施方式中，所述呼吸机还包括气管插管和球囊，所述气管插管穿设于患者的呼气道道，所述球囊设于所述气管插管的外周，当未开启所述语音通气模式时，所述球囊内填充有气体并堵塞所述呼气道；所述监测患者的嘴端压力和呼气道压力之前，包括：排出所述球囊内的空气，并开启语音通气模式，同时实时获取所述球囊内部的压力。
一种实施方式中，所述排出所述球囊内的空气以开启语音通气模式，并实时获取所述球囊内部的压力之后，包括：当所述球囊内部的压力大于第三预设值时，执行报警动作。
通过监测模块监测患者的嘴端压力和呼气道压力，当患者需要发声时，呼气模块可使得患者的呼气支路压力大于嘴端压力，从为患者提供可发出语音功能的呼吸模式；当患者不需要发声时，吸气模块和呼气模块可为患者提供呼吸不依赖外界的呼吸模式。相对于现有技术中的语音阀，本申请中的呼吸组件无需拆除，可避免元件磨损，从而降低了成本，同时，由于无需拆除，临床操作简单，有利于快速满足患者的发声要求。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请提供的呼吸组件工作时的示意图；
图2为患者使用插管和球囊时呼吸道的示意图；
图3为患者在辅助通气模式下的吸气时的与呼吸组件的气体流动示意图；
图4为患者在辅助通气模式下的呼气时的与呼吸组件的气体流动示意图；
图5a为一种实施方式中患者在语音通气模式下的吸气时的与呼吸组件的气体流动示意图；
图5b为另一种实施方式中患者在语音通气模式下的吸气时的与呼吸组件的气体流动示意图；
图5c为另一种实施方式中患者在语音通气模式下的吸气时的与呼吸组件的气体流动示意图；
图6为本申请提供的呼吸组件的通气方法的语音通气模式的流程示意图；
图7为本申请提供的呼吸组件的球囊压力报警的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施方式中的附图，对本申请实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式仅仅是本申请一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本申请中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本申请保护的范围。
请参阅图1至图3，本申请实施例提供了一种支持语音功能的呼吸组件，呼吸组件可应用于呼吸机、氧气机等辅助呼吸的设备，呼吸组件可作为其组成的一个部件，也可以作为其外接的一个部件。其中，呼吸组件优选为应用于有创呼吸机。呼吸组件包括：
监测模块，监测模块用于监测患者的嘴端压力(Pmouth)和呼气道压力；
吸气模块，吸气模块用于为患者吸气时提供气体；
呼气模块，呼气模块包括与呼气道(1)连通的呼气支路(2)，呼气模块用于排出患者呼气产生的气体，呼气模块还用于根据监测模块监测的嘴端压力，控制呼气支路压力(Pexp)大于嘴端压力，同时在肺部收缩造成的呼气道压力 上升的影响下，使患者的呼气道内的气体向嘴部(7)流动，流动的气体带动患者的声带振动而发声。
具体的，嘴端压力为位于患者呼气时的嘴部(口腔)的压力，呼气道压力为患者呼气时的位于呼气道(下呼吸道)的压力，呼气支路压力为由呼气末端正压阀(PEEP阀)所提供的压力。优选的，监测模块的监测具有实时性，能够实时获取嘴端压力和呼气道压力。可以理解的是，请参阅图3和图4，在患者无需发出语音时，可通过吸气模块吸取气体，从呼气模块呼出气体，进气和排气均通过呼吸组件完成，有利于提高患者的舒适感。在患者需要发出语音时，关于吸气方面，请参阅图5a，吸气模块可以作为患者唯一的气源，患者仅吸取吸气模块提供的气体；请参阅图5b，吸气模块也可以关闭，让患者仅从嘴部自外界吸取气体；请参阅图5c，吸气模块还可以充当一个辅助给气的作用，在患者自外界吸取的气体不足时，吸气模块补充气体，让患者能够充分完成肺循环。关于呼气方面，请参阅图6，在呼气模块的控制下，呼气支路压力大于嘴端压力，当患者进行自发呼气时，由于呼气道压力的影响，气体的小部分从呼气模块排出(呼气模块需要释放部分气体来控制呼气道压力)，气体的大部分从呼气道从嘴部排出，因此大部分气体能够沿着呼气道抵达嘴部，气体经过喉腔中部的声带，使得声带振动，患者能够发出声音，从而实现语音功能。其中，呼气模块控制呼气支路压力大于嘴端压力以使得患者能够发声为语音通气模式，呼气模块用于排出患者呼气的气体为辅助通气模式。
通过监测模块监测患者的嘴端压力和呼气道压力，当患者需要发声时，呼气模块可使得患者的呼气支路压力大于嘴端压力，从为患者提供可发出语音功能的呼吸模式；当患者不需要发声时，吸气模块和呼气模块可为患者提供呼吸不依赖外界的呼吸模式。相对于现有技术中的语音阀，本申请中的呼吸组件无需拆除，可避免元件磨损，从而降低了成本，同时，由于无需拆除，临床操作简单，有利于快速满足患者的发声要求。
一种实施方式中，请参阅图3和图6，呼气模块还包括设于呼气支路上的调节件(3)，调节件用于调节呼气支道压力与嘴端压力之差为第一预设值(δ)。具体的，第一预设值的数值大于零，可选为0.1H2O～1cmH2O。第一预设值为根据患者的年龄、BMI(身高体重指数)和身体状况等身体素质而定的参数。 当呼气支路压力与嘴端压力之差过大时，容易导致呼气道压力过大，从而导致患者肺损伤。当呼气支路压力与嘴端压力之差过小时，容易导致气体大部分从呼气支路排出，而不通过呼气道，不利于患者发声。通过设置位于呼气支路内部的调节件，调节件将呼气支路压力和嘴端压力之差调节至第一预设值，患者在呼气过程中的呼气支路和嘴部具有较为适宜的压力差，即不会伤到患者的肺部，也不会影响患者的发声。
另外，在开启语音通气模式前，需要通过调节件将呼气末端正压(PEEP)设置为零。吸气模块包括吸气支路，吸气支路主要用于向患者输送气体。吸气支路上可设置吸气阀(未图示)，呼气支路上可设置呼气阀(未图示)。
一种实施方式中，请参阅图1和图7，呼吸组件还包括报警模块，报警模块用于在嘴端压力或呼气道压力大于第二预设值(Plimit)时，执行报警动作。具体的，第二预设值为根据患者的年龄、BMI和身体状况等身体素质而定的安全限制压力。可以理解的是，嘴端压力或呼气道压力过大，患者容易出现呼吸困难或者肺损伤的情况。一般的，第二预设值一般不超过60cmH2O。通过设置报警模块，报警模块在嘴端压力或呼气道压力大于第二预设值时执行报警动作，以便于医护人员及时发现患者的异常状况，并尽早进行相关措施，有利于提高患者呼吸的安全性。
一种实施方式中，请参阅图1，呼吸组件还包括分析模块。分析模块用于分析监测模块获取的呼气道压力和嘴端压力，以判断患者在呼气还是吸气，并记录患者的呼吸循环次数(k)。可以理解的是，在开启语音通气模式(呼气模块控制呼气支路压力大于嘴端压力)后，随着患者的呼吸循环次数的增加，患者容易出现身体不适的各种症状。每个患者所能承受的呼吸循环次数均不同，可以根据患者的年龄、BMI和身体状况等身体素质而设置。
一种实施方式中，请参阅图1和图6，呼气模块还用于将呼吸支路压力控制至零。通过分析模块获取患者的呼吸循环次数，以便于在患者达到极限的呼吸循环次数时，通过将呼气支路压力调节为零，使得完全通过呼气模块释放呼气道的气体，从而消除患者的不适。
一种实施方式中，请参阅图1和图6，在通过呼气模块释放呼气道的气体之后，需要对呼气支路重新填充气体。可以理解的是，在患者达到极限的呼吸 循环次数并将呼气支压力置零后，呼气支路中几乎没有空气。当患者需要重新发声时，通过设置PEEP阀调节呼气支路压力，使得呼出的气体首先填充满呼气支路(此过程简称为“Ttrain”，一般在3次呼吸内即可填满)。填充完成后，患者呼气时产生的气体能够大部分都从嘴部排出，有利于声带充分振动发声。
在其他实施例中，还可以通过吸气模块向呼气支路填充气体以降低Ttrain时间。
一种实施方式中，请参阅图1和图6，呼气模块还用于将呼气支道压力控制至与嘴端压力相同，以使呼气支路中的气体滞留。可以理解的是，若呼气支道压力大于嘴端压力，则填充至呼气支路的气体容易从嘴部逸散，则不利于快速完成呼气支路的气体填充。若呼气支路压力小于嘴端压力，容易使得呼气支路的气体流入肺部，同样不利于气体填满呼气支路。
一种实施方式中，请参阅图3和图5a，呼吸组件还包括插管(5)和球囊(6)，插管用于插入呼气道，球囊设于插管的外周。监测模块还用于实时获取球囊内部的压力。具体的，呼气模块和吸气模块均与插管连通。患者呼出的气体可从插管进入呼气模块，患者吸入的气体可自吸气模块从插管进入呼气道。一般的，在进入语音通气模式前，需要释放球囊的气体，以使球囊内部的压力减少(球囊不再堵住呼气道)。通过监测模块对球囊内部的压力进行监测，以便于及时发现球囊压力的异常(一般为球囊未完全排气所导致)，尽早进行相关处理(关闭语音通气模式等)，降低患者窒息的风险。
具体的，插管在人体内部规格为4mm～12mm，人体外部规格为15mm，在呼气支路的气体填充时，插管也较为容易填满。
目前，现有拆卸式语音阀可以通过设置排气孔，当装置内部压力过大时会自动打开泄漏部分气体。但是，由于现有的语音阀装置均为可拆卸元件，上面无法安装报警器，难以实现球囊内空气未排除彻底时的实时报警，进一步降低患者窒息的风险。
一种实施方式中，请参阅图1和图7，报警模块还用于在球囊内部的压力大于第三预设值时，执行报警动作。可以理解的是，在进行语音通气模式时，若发生意外情况使得球囊内部的压力增大，将不利于患者的呼吸进行，患者具有安全隐患。通过设置报警模块，当球囊内部的压力超出第三预设值时，报警 模块进行报警，有利于医护人员第一时间对患者进行救护。由于无需设置语音阀，球囊内部的压力较为容易获取，因此也便于报警模块进行报警。
另外，报警动作可以为灯光闪烁、发生锐利的声音、向医护人员的智能手机、平板电脑、个人数字助力、对讲机、台式电脑等电子设备发送报警信息等。可根据具体场景需要进行设置。
本申请实施例还提供了一种呼吸机，呼吸机包括本申请提供的呼吸组件。具体的，呼吸机优选为有创式呼吸机。呼吸机在辅助吸气模式包括但不仅限于SPONT(自主呼吸模式)，PCV+(压力控制通气模式)，PSIMV+(压力控制及自主通气模式)，CPAP(持续正道气压通气)等。通过在呼吸机内加入本申请提供的呼吸组件，呼吸机能够进行语音通气模式(能够发声)以及辅助通气模式(不能发声)，两种模式的切换无需拆卸部件，可避免元件磨损，从而降低了成本，同时，由于无需拆除，临床操作简单，有利于快速满足患者的发声要求。
请参阅图7，本申请实施例还提供了一种支持语音功能的呼吸组件通气方法，呼吸组件包括与呼气道连通的呼气支路，呼吸组件通气方法包括：
监测患者的嘴端压力和呼气道压力；
在患者吸气时，向患者吸气时提供气体；
在患者呼气时，排出患者呼气产生的气体，或控制呼气支路压力大于嘴端压力，同时由于患者呼气过程中肺部收缩造成所述呼气道压力上升，以使患者的呼气道内的气体向嘴部流动，流动的气体带动患者的声带振动而发声。
具体的，优选对患者的嘴端压力和呼气道压力为实时监测，能够实时获取嘴端压力和呼气道压力。通过监测患者的嘴端压力和呼气道压力，当患者需要发声时，调节呼气支路压力使得呼气支路压力大于嘴端压力，同时当患者进行自发呼气时，由于肺部收缩造成呼气道压力上升，气体通过呼气道，从为患者提供可发出语音功能的呼吸模式；当患者不需要发声时，可为患者提供呼吸不依赖外界的呼吸模式。相对于现有技术中的语音阀使用，本申请的通气方法的切换无需拆除，可避免元件磨损，从而降低了成本，同时，由于无需拆除，临床操作简单，有利于快速满足患者的发声要求。
一种实施方式中，请参阅图7，呼吸组件包括设于呼气支路上的调节件， 在患者呼气时，排出患者呼气产生的气体，或控制呼气支压力大于嘴端压力，以使患者的呼气道内的气体向嘴部流动，流动的气体带动患者的声带振动而发声，包括：
通过调节件调节呼气支压力与嘴端压力之差为第一预设值。具体的，第一预设值的数值大于零。
通过调节件将呼气支压力和嘴端压力之差调节至第一预设值，患者在呼气过程中的呼气道和嘴部具有较为适宜的压力差，即不会伤到患者的肺部，也不会影响患者的发声。
一种实施方式中，请参阅图7，通过调节件调节呼气支压力与嘴端压力之差为第一预设值之前，包括：
当嘴端压力或呼气道压力大于第二预设值时，执行报警动作。
具体的，当嘴端压力和呼气道压力均小于等于第二预设值时，进行下一步骤(通过调节件调节呼气支压力与嘴端压力之差为第一预设值)。
通过在嘴端压力或呼气道压力大于第二预设值时执行报警动作，以便于医护人员及时发现患者的异常状况，并尽早进行相关措施，有利于提高患者呼吸的安全性。
一种实施方式中，请参阅图7，当患者在语音通气模式中呼吸循环预设次数后，使呼吸支路压力为零。具体的，呼吸循环k次以完成了第k次呼气保持至呼气结束为准。通过获取患者的呼吸循环次数，以便于在患者达到极限的呼吸循环次数时，通过设置呼气支路压力为零，释放呼气道的气体，从而使得患者感到舒适。
一种实施方式中，请参阅图7，当嘴端压力或呼气道压力大于第二预设值时，执行报警动作之前，包括：
当患者为初次呼气时，通过多次呼气向呼气支路填充气体。
具体的，当患者为初次呼气以后的非初次呼气，进行下一步骤(判断嘴端压力和第二预设值的大小)。
通过多次呼气向呼气支路填充气体，使得气体填充满呼气支路，患者呼气时产生的气体能够大部分都从嘴部排出，有利于声带充分振动发声。
一种实施方式中，请参阅图7，当患者为初次呼气时，通过多次呼气向呼 气支路填充气体之前，包括：
通过PEEP阀调节呼气支路压力，以使呼气支路压力与嘴端压力相同。
具体的，当吸气保持至完成初次吸气后即开始初次呼气。可以理解的是，若呼气支路压力大于嘴端压力，则填充至呼气支路的气体容易从嘴部逸散，不利于快速完成呼气支路的气体填充。若呼气道压力小于嘴端压力，容易使得呼气支路的气体流入肺部，同样不利于气体填满呼气支路。
一种实施方式中，请参阅图7，呼吸机还包括气管插管和球囊，气管插管穿设于患者的呼气道，球囊设于气管插管的外周，当未开启语音通气模式(辅助通气模式)时，球囊内填充有气体并堵塞呼气道；监测患者的嘴端压力和呼气道压力之前，包括：
排出球囊内的空气以开启语音通气模式，并实时获取球囊内部的压力。
通过对球囊内部的压力进行监测，以便于及时发现球囊内部压力的异常，尽早进行相关处理(关闭语音通气模式等)。
一种实施方式中，请参阅图7，排出球囊内的空气以开启语音通气模式，并实时获取球囊内部的压力之后，包括：
当球囊内部的压力大于第三预设值(Thre)时，执行报警动作。
通过在球囊内部的压力超出第三预设值时，执行进行报警，有利于医护人员第一时间对患者进行救护。
以上所揭露的仅为本申请一些较佳实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本申请之权利范围，本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分流程，并依本申请权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属于申请所涵盖的范围。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种支持语音功能的呼吸组件，其特征在于，包括：
    监测模块，所述监测模块用于监测患者的嘴端压力和呼气道压力；
    吸气模块，所述吸气模块用于为患者吸气时提供气体；
    呼气模块，所述呼气模块包括与患者的呼气道连通的呼气支路，所述呼气模块用于排出患者呼气产生的气体，所述呼气模块还用于根据所述监测模块监测的所述嘴端压力，控制所述呼气支路压力大于所述嘴端压力，同时由于患者呼气过程中肺部收缩造成所述呼气道压力上升，使得患者的呼气道内的气体向嘴部流动，流动的气体带动患者的声带振动而发声。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的呼吸组件，其特征在于，所述呼气模块包括设于所述呼气支路上的调节件，所述调节件用于调节所述呼气支路压力与所述嘴端压力之差为第一预设值，所述第一预设值大于零。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的呼吸组件，其特征在于，所述呼吸组件还包括报警模块，所述报警模块用于在所述嘴端压力或呼气道压力大于第二预设值时，执行报警动作。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的呼吸组件，其特征在于，所述呼气模块还用于将所述呼气支路压力控制至与所述嘴端压力相同，以使所述呼气支路中的气体滞留。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的呼吸组件，其特征在于，所述呼气模块还用于将所述呼气支路压力控制至零。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的呼吸组件，其特征在于，所述呼吸组件还包括插管和球囊，所述插管用于插入所述呼气道，所述球囊设于所述插管的外周，所述监测模块还用于实时获取所述球囊内部的压力。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的呼吸组件，其特征在于，所述报警模块还用于在所述球囊内部的压力大于第三预设值时，执行报警动作。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的呼吸组件，其特征在于，所述呼吸组件还包括分析模块，所述分析模块用于分析所述监测模块获取的呼气道压力和嘴端压力，以判断患者在呼气还是吸气，并记录患者的呼吸循环次数。
  9. 一种呼吸机，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至8任一项所述的呼吸组件。
  10. 一种支持语音功能的呼吸组件通气方法，其特征在于，所述呼吸组件包括与患者的呼气道连通的呼气支路，所述呼吸组件通气方法包括：
    监测患者的嘴端压力和呼气道压力；
    在患者吸气时，向患者吸气时提供气体；
    在患者呼气时，排出患者呼气产生的气体，或控制所述呼气支路压力大于所述嘴端压力，同时由于患者呼气过程中肺部收缩造成所述呼气道压力上升，以使患者的呼气道内的气体向嘴部流动，流动的气体带动患者的声带振动而发声。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的呼吸组件通气方法，其特征在于，所述呼吸组件还包括设于所述呼气支路上的调节件，所述在患者呼气时，排出患者呼气产生的气体，或控制所述呼气支路压力大于所述嘴端压力，同时由于患者呼气过程中肺部收缩造成所述呼气道压力上升，以使患者的呼气道内的气体向嘴部流动，流动的气体带动患者的声带振动而发声，包括：
    通过所述调节件调节所述呼气支路压力与所述嘴端压力之差为第一预设值，所述第一预设值大于零。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的呼吸组件通气方法，其特征在于，通过所述调节件调节所述呼气支路压力与所述嘴端压力之差为第一预设值之前，包括：
    当所述嘴端压力或所述呼气道压力大于第二预设值时，执行报警动作。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的呼吸组件通气方法，其特征在于，所述当所述嘴端压力或所述呼气道压力大于第二预设值时，执行报警动作之前，包括：
    当患者为初次呼气时，通过多次呼气向所述呼气支路填充气体。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的呼吸组件通气方法，其特征在于，所述当患者为初次呼气时，通过多次呼气向所述呼气支路填充气体之前，包括：
    通过所述调节件调节所述呼气支路压力，以使所述呼气支路压力与所述嘴端压力相同。
  15. 如权利要求12所述的呼吸组件通气方法，其特征在于，当患者在语音通气模式中呼吸循环预设次数后，通过调节所述调节件使所述呼吸支路压力为零。
  16. 如权利要求10所述的呼吸组件通气方法，其特征在于，所述呼吸机还包括气管插管和球囊，所述气管插管穿设于患者的呼气道，所述球囊设于所述气管插管的外周，当未开启所述语音通气模式时，所述球囊内填充有气体并堵塞所述呼气道；所述监测患者的嘴端压力和呼气道压力之前，包括：
    排出所述球囊内的空气，并开启语音通气模式，实时获取所述球囊内部的压力。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的呼吸组件通气方法，其特征在于，所述排出所述球囊内的空气，并开启语音通气模式，实时获取所述球囊内部的压力之后，包括：
    当所述球囊内部的压力大于第三预设值时，执行报警动作。
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