WO2022126414A1 - 电池及具有所述电池的电子装置 - Google Patents

电池及具有所述电池的电子装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022126414A1
WO2022126414A1 PCT/CN2020/136733 CN2020136733W WO2022126414A1 WO 2022126414 A1 WO2022126414 A1 WO 2022126414A1 CN 2020136733 W CN2020136733 W CN 2020136733W WO 2022126414 A1 WO2022126414 A1 WO 2022126414A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tab
casing
electrode assembly
pole
battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/136733
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴飞
金娟
Original Assignee
宁德新能源科技有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 宁德新能源科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2020/136733 priority Critical patent/WO2022126414A1/zh
Priority to CN202080028582.8A priority patent/CN113853703B/zh
Publication of WO2022126414A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022126414A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of electrochemistry, in particular to batteries and electronic devices having the batteries.
  • Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various electronic devices due to their advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, and environmental friendliness.
  • batteries are increasingly stringent requirements placed on batteries as power sources for electronic devices.
  • most of the general batteries are prepared by welding the tabs at the outermost end of the winding core with a circular structure, which leads to a waste of space in the outermost circle of the winding core in the battery, and greatly affects the energy density and space of the entire battery. utilization.
  • the present application provides a battery including an electrode assembly and a case for accommodating the electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly includes a first pole piece, a second pole piece, and a diaphragm between the first pole piece and the second pole piece, and the electrode assembly consists of the first pole piece, the second pole piece, and the second pole piece.
  • the pole piece and the separator are wound.
  • the electrode assembly further includes a first tab and a second tab, the first tab is electrically connected to the first pole piece, and the second tab is electrically connected to the second pole piece.
  • the cross section of the electrode assembly is an ellipse with a long axis and a short axis, and the long axis is the axis of the maximum distance between two points on the outermost circle of the cross section of the electrode assembly.
  • the short axis is the vertical bisector of the long axis.
  • the first tab and the second tab are disposed between the outer surface of the electrode assembly and the housing, and the half length of the long axis is defined as a, and the half length of the short axis is defined as b , the deviation angle of the outermost extension of the first pole lug from the short axis is ⁇ 1, and the deviation angle of the outermost extension of the second pole lug from the short axis is ⁇ 2, then a, b, ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 satisfies the following relationships: tan ⁇ 1 ⁇ (a-b)/b, tan ⁇ 2 ⁇ (a-b)/b.
  • the winding starting section of the electrode assembly is in the shape of a flat plate.
  • the battery further includes a first pole and a second pole, the first pole is electrically connected to the first tab, and the second pole is electrically connected to the first pole Diode tabs, the first pole and the second pole are exposed outside the casing.
  • the material of the casing is an insulating material.
  • the battery includes a first insulating member, and the first insulating member is connected between the electrode assembly and the casing.
  • the material of the casing is a conductive material
  • the casing includes a first casing and a second casing disposed opposite to the first casing, the first casing connecting the second shell to form a receiving space for accommodating the electrode assembly, the first tab is electrically connected to the first shell, the second tab is electrically connected to the second shell,
  • the first casing and the second casing are electrically insulated.
  • the battery further includes a second insulating member, and the second insulating member is connected between the first casing and the second casing, so that the first casing The body and the second casing are electrically insulated.
  • the first tab is disposed between the electrode assembly and the first casing, the first tab is electrically connected to the first casing, and the second tab is electrically connected to the first casing.
  • a tab is disposed between the electrode assembly and the second casing, and the second tab is electrically connected to the second casing.
  • the casing is cylindrical.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device including the above-mentioned battery.
  • the electrode assembly is designed into an elliptical cylindrical structure, and the first tab and the second tab are arranged on the outer surface of the electrode assembly in the direction of the short axis of the electrode assembly.
  • the battery in this application relies on the characteristics of the elliptical cylindrical structure of the electrode assembly, so that the electrode assembly and the casing are only within a certain deviation angle from the short axis direction of the electrode assembly.
  • a space for accommodating the first tab and the second tab is formed, which avoids the waste of space between the winding core and the casing caused by disposing the tab on the outermost circle of the winding core in the existing battery, thereby effectively
  • the space utilization rate inside the casing and the energy density of the battery are improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first collector 1111 The first collector 1111
  • the first active material layer 1112 is the first active material layer 1112
  • the battery 100 of the present application may be a lithium secondary battery, including a lithium metal secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium polymer secondary battery, and a lithium ion polymer secondary battery.
  • the battery 100 may also be all kinds of primary batteries, secondary batteries, fuel cells, or solar cells.
  • the battery 10 includes an electrode assembly 11 and a case 12 for accommodating the electrode assembly 11 .
  • the electrode assembly 11 includes a first pole piece 111 , a second pole piece 112 , and a diaphragm 113 between the first pole piece 111 and the second pole piece 112 .
  • the electrode assembly 11 is formed by winding the first pole piece 111 , the second pole piece 112 and the separator 113 .
  • the separator 113 is used to prevent the first pole piece 111 and the second pole piece 112 from being in direct contact, thereby preventing the battery 10 from being short-circuited.
  • the electrode assembly 11 further includes a first tab 114 and a second tab 115 .
  • the first tab 114 is electrically connected to the first pole piece 111
  • the second tab 115 is electrically connected to the second pole piece 112 .
  • the cross section of the electrode assembly 11 is an ellipse with a long axis 116 and a short axis 117 .
  • the long axis 116 is the axis of the maximum distance between two points on the outermost circle of the cross section of the electrode assembly 11
  • the short axis 117 is the vertical bisector of the long axis 116 .
  • the first tab 114 and the second tab 115 are disposed between the outer surface of the electrode assembly 11 and the casing 12 .
  • the first tab 114 and the second tab 115 are located on two sides of the electrode assembly 11 , respectively. . That is, the geometric center of the first tab 114 and the geometric center of the second tab 115 are both located in the direction of the short axis 117 of the electrode assembly 11.
  • the deviation angle of the outermost extension of the first tab 114 relative to the short axis 117 is defined as ⁇ 1, and the deviation angle of the outermost extension of the second tab 115 relative to the short axis 117 is defined as ⁇ 2, so
  • the half length of the long axis is a, and the half length of the short axis is b, then a, b, ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 satisfy the following relationships: 0 ⁇ tan ⁇ 1 ⁇ (a-b)/b, 0 ⁇ tan ⁇ 2 ⁇ (a-b)/b .
  • the outermost extension of the first tab 114 is any outermost end of the first tab 114 along the direction of the short axis 117 of the electrode assembly 11 .
  • the outermost extension of the second tab 115 is any outermost end of the second tab 115 along the direction of the short axis 117 of the electrode assembly 11 . It can be understood that the deviation angles ⁇ 1 of the two outermost extensions of the first tab 114 are equal, and the deviation angles ⁇ 2 of the two outermost extensions of the second tab 115 are equal.
  • the values of a and b satisfy the following conditions: 5mm ⁇ a ⁇ 20mm, and 30 ⁇ m ⁇ a-b ⁇ 200 ⁇ m.
  • the geometric center of the first tab 114 and the geometric center of the second tab 115 may also be offset by a certain angle from the short axis 117 .
  • the deviation angles of the two outermost extensions of the first tab 114 are respectively ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 1'
  • the deviation angles of the two outermost extensions of the second tab 115 are respectively ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 2'.
  • ⁇ 1' and ⁇ 2' also satisfy the following relationship: tan ⁇ 1' ⁇ (a-b)/b, 0 ⁇ tan ⁇ 2' ⁇ (a-b)/b.
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 1' are not equal, and ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 2' are not equal.
  • the battery 10 in the present application designs the electrode assembly 11 into an elliptical cylindrical structure,
  • the first tab 114 and the second tab 115 are disposed between the outer surface of the electrode assembly 11 and the casing 12 , that is, the battery 10 in the present application is provided by the elliptical cylinder of the electrode assembly 11 .
  • the characteristic of the shape structure enables the electrode assembly 11 and the housing 12 to form a space for accommodating the first tab 114 and the second tab 115 only within a certain deviation angle in the direction of the short axis 117 of the electrode assembly 11 , thus avoiding the waste of space between the winding core and the casing by setting the tabs on the outermost ring of the winding core in the existing battery, thereby effectively improving the space utilization rate inside the casing 12 and the energy of the battery 10 density.
  • first tab 114 and the first pole piece 111 and the second tab 115 and the second pole piece 112 are connected together by welding.
  • the first pole piece 111 includes a first current collector 1111 and a first active material layer 1112 disposed on the first current collector 1111 .
  • the second pole piece 112 includes a second current collector 1121 and a second active material layer 1122 disposed on the second current collector 1121 .
  • the first current collector 1111 is electrically connected to the first tab 114
  • the second current collector 1121 is electrically connected to the second tab 115 .
  • the first pole piece 111 and the second pole piece 112 respectively form the first winding end section 18 and the second winding end section 19 of the electrode assembly 11 after being wound.
  • the first winding end section 18 and the second winding end section 19 are respectively located on opposite sides of the electrode assembly 11 .
  • the first current collector 1111 of the first pole piece 111 is provided with a first blank area (not shown) in the first winding end section 18, and the first blank area is electrically connected to the first pole ear 114.
  • the second current collector 1121 of the second pole piece 112 is provided with a second blank area (not shown) at the second winding end section 18 , and the second blank area is electrically connected to the second tab 115 .
  • the winding starting section 17 of the electrode assembly 11 is in the shape of a flat plate.
  • the electrode assembly 11 formed by winding the first pole piece 111 , the second pole piece 112 and the separator 113 has an elliptical cylindrical structure.
  • the first pole piece 111 , the second pole piece 112 and the separator 113 are wound by means of a flat rolling needle to form the electrode assembly 11 having an elliptical cylindrical structure. Specific steps are as follows:
  • the material of the casing 12 is a conductive material or an insulating material.
  • the conductive material is not limited to one or more of steel alloys, aluminum alloys, iron alloys, copper alloys, and nickel alloys.
  • the insulating material is not limited to polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyester (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyimide (PI), acrylonitrile-butylene One or more of diene-styrene plastic (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA) and ceramic.
  • the battery 10 further includes an electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte is accommodated in the casing 12 .
  • the battery 10 further includes a first pole 13 and a second pole 14 .
  • a first opening 121 and a second opening 122 are formed on the casing 12 .
  • the first pole 13 is electrically connected to the first tab 114 and is exposed to the outside of the casing 12 through the first opening 121 .
  • the polarity of the first pole piece 111 is drawn out by means of the first pole post 113 .
  • the second pole 14 is electrically connected to the second tab 115 and is exposed to the outside of the casing 12 through the second opening 122 .
  • the polarity of the second pole piece 112 is drawn out by means of the second pole post 14 .
  • the first pole 13 is flush with the surface of the casing 12 facing away from the electrode assembly 11 ; the second pole 14 and the surface of the casing 12 facing away from the electrode assembly 11 flush. In this way, the shape of the housing 12 can be made regular.
  • the first pole 13 and the second pole 14 are located on two sides of the electrode assembly 11 , respectively. . That is, the geometric center of the first pole 13 and the geometric center of the second pole 14 are both located in the direction of the short axis 117 of the electrode assembly 11 . As shown in FIG. 2 , in other embodiments, the geometric center of the first pole 13 and the geometric center of the second pole 14 may also be offset by a certain angle compared with the short axis 117 .
  • the first pole 13 is disposed on the surface of the first pole 114 facing away from the second pole 115
  • the second pole 14 is disposed on the second pole 115 facing away from the surface of the first tab 114 .
  • first pole 13 and the first tab 114 and the second pole 14 and the second tab 115 are connected together by welding.
  • connection between the first pole 13 and the second pole 14 and the casing 12 can be insulated to avoid short circuit.
  • the battery 10 further includes a first insulating member 15 .
  • the first insulating member 15 is connected between the electrode assembly 11 and the casing 12 .
  • the material of the first insulating member 15 includes at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyimide, nylon or Teflon.
  • the first insulating member 15 can be omitted.
  • the battery 10 includes two of the first insulating members 15 .
  • the two first insulating members 15 are respectively located on both sides of the long axis 116 . It can be understood that in other embodiments, the number of the first insulating members 15 can be increased or decreased according to actual needs, which is not limited herein.
  • the first opening 121 and the second opening 122 are not formed on the casing 12 .
  • the first pole 13 and the second pole 14 may be omitted.
  • the material of the casing 12 is a conductive material.
  • the casing 12 includes a first casing 123 and a second casing 124 opposite to the first casing 123 .
  • the first casing 123 is connected to the second casing 124 to jointly form an accommodation space 125 for accommodating the electrode assembly 11 .
  • the first tab 114 is disposed between the outer surface of the electrode assembly 11 and the first casing 123 , and the first tab 114 is electrically connected to the first casing 123 .
  • the second tab 115 is disposed between the outer surface of the electrode assembly 11 and the second casing 124 , and the second tab 115 is electrically connected to the second casing 124 . Owing to the omission of poles, it is beneficial to reduce the size of the casing 12 along the short axis of the electrode assembly 11 , and it is beneficial to improve the energy density of the battery 10 when the overall volume of the battery 10 is the same.
  • the first casing 123 and the second casing 124 are electrically insulated.
  • the battery 10 further includes a second insulating member 16 .
  • the second insulating member 16 is connected between the first casing 123 and the first casing 124 to separate the first casing 123 and the second casing 124, so that all the The first casing 123 and the first casing 124 are electrically insulated.
  • the material of the second insulating member 16 includes at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyimide, nylon or Teflon.
  • the housing 12 is cylindrical.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device 1 .
  • the electronic device 1 includes the battery 10 .
  • the electronic device 1 may be a mobile electronic device, an energy storage device, an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or the like.
  • the mobile electronic device may be a mobile phone, a wearable electronic device, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, and the like.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池，包括电极组件及容置电极组件的壳体。电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片、隔膜、第一极耳和第二极耳。第一极耳与第一极片电连接，第二极耳与第二极片电连接。电极组件的横截面为具有长轴和短轴的椭圆形。长轴为电极组件的横截面最外圈上两点之间连线所具有的最大距离的轴，短轴为长轴的垂直平分线段。第一极耳和第二极耳设置于电极组件的外表面和壳体之间，定义长轴的一半长度为a，短轴的一半长度为b，第一极耳最外延相较于短轴的偏离角度为θ1，第二极耳最外延相较于短轴的偏离角度为θ2，则a、b、θ1和θ2满足以下关系：tanθ1<(a-b)/b，tanθ2<(a-b)/b。本申请还提供了一种具有电池的电子装置。本申请可提高电池的空间利用率及能量密度。

Description

电池及具有所述电池的电子装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电化学领域，具体涉及电池及具有所述电池的电子装置。
背景技术
锂离子电池由于其本身具有能量密度高、循环寿命长、环境友好等优点，而被广泛应用于各种电子设备中。但是，随着消费者对电子设备功能需求的日益剧增，对作为电子设备动力来源的电池提出了愈加严苛的要求。目前，一般的电池大多是在圆形结构的卷芯最外端焊接极耳来制备得到的，如此导致了电池中卷芯最外圈空间的浪费，极大影响了整个电池的能量密度及空间利用率。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种电池，以解决上述问题。
另，还有必要提供一种具有所述电池的电子装置。
本申请提供一种电池，包括电极组件及容置所述电极组件的壳体。所述电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片及位于所述第一极片与所述第二极片之间的隔膜，所述电极组件由所述第一极片、所述第二极片和所述隔膜卷绕形成。所述电极组件还包括第一极耳和第二极耳，所述第一极耳与所述第一极片电连接，所述第二极耳与所述第二极片电连接。所述电极组件的横截面为具有长轴和短轴的椭圆形，所述长轴为所述电极组件的横截面最外圈上两点之间连线所具有的最大距离的轴，所述短轴为所述长轴的垂直平分线段。所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳设置于所述电极组件的外表面和所述壳体之间，定义所述长轴的一半长度为a，所述短轴的一半长度为b，所述第一极耳最外延相较于所述短轴的偏离角度为θ1，所述第二极耳最外延相较于所述短轴的偏离角度为θ2，则a、b、θ1和θ2满足以下关系：tanθ1<(a-b)/b，tanθ2<(a-b)/b。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述电极组件的卷绕起始段呈平板状。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述电池还包括第一极柱及第二极柱，所述 第一极柱电连接所述第一极耳，所述第二极柱电连接所述第二极耳，所述第一极柱和所述第二极柱暴露于所述壳体外。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述壳体的材质为绝缘材料。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述电池包括第一绝缘件，所述第一绝缘件连接于所述电极组件与所述壳体之间。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述壳体的材质为导电材料，所述壳体包括第一壳体及与所述第一壳体相对设置的第二壳体，所述第一壳体连接所述第二壳体，以共同形成收容所述电极组件的收容空间，所述第一极耳电连接所述第一壳体，所述第二极耳电连接所述第二壳体，所述第一壳体和所述第二壳体之间电性绝缘。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述电池还包括第二绝缘件，所述第二绝缘件连接于所述第一壳体和所述第二壳体之间，以使所述第一壳体和所述第二壳体之间电性绝缘。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一极耳设置于所述电极组件和所述第一壳体之间，所述第一极耳电连接所述第一壳体，所述第二极耳设置于所述电极组件和所述第二壳体之间，所述第二极耳电连接所述第二壳体。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述壳体呈圆柱状。
本申请还提供一种电子装置，包括如上所述的电池。
本申请中的电池将电极组件设计成椭圆柱形结构，并在所述电极组件的短轴方向上，将所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳设置于所述电极组件的外表面和所述壳体之间，即，本申请中的电池借助电极组件的椭圆柱形结构的特征，使所述电极组件与所述壳体仅在所述电极组件的短轴方向一定偏离角度内形成收容第一极耳和所述第二极耳的空间，如此避免了现有电池中将极耳设置在卷芯最外圈而导致卷芯和壳体之间整圈的空间浪费，从而有效提高了壳体内部的空间利用率及电池的能量密度。
附图说明
图1为本申请一实施方式的电池的剖面示意图。
图2为本申请另一实施方式的电池的剖面示意图。
图3为本申请再一实施方式的电池的剖面示意图。
图4为本申请一实施方式的电子装置的模块示意图。
主要元件符号说明
电池                            10
电极组件                        11
第一极片                        111
第一集流体                      1111
第一活性物质层                  1112
第二极片                        112
第二集流体                      1121
第二活性物质层                  1122
隔膜                            113
第一极耳                        114
第二极耳                        115
长轴                            116
短轴                            117
壳体                            12
第一开口                        121
第二开口                        122
第一壳体                        123
第二壳体                        124
收容空间                        125
第一极柱                        13
第二极柱                        14
第一绝缘件                      15
第二绝缘件                      16
卷绕起始段                      17
卷绕收尾段                      18
电子装置                        1
长度                            a、b
角度                             θ1、θ1’、θ2、θ2’
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本申请。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。
下面结合附图，对本申请的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
参阅图1，本申请实施方式提供了一种电池10。本申请的所述电池100可以是锂二次电池，包括锂金属二次电池、锂离子二次电池、锂聚合物二次电池和锂离子聚合物二次电池。在其它实施方式中，电池100也可以是所有种类的一次电池、二次电池、燃料电池或太阳能电池。
所述电池10包括电极组件11及容置所述电极组件11的壳体12。所述电极组件11包括第一极片111、第二极片112及位于所述第一极片111和所述第二极片112之间的隔膜113。所述电极组件11由所述第一极片111、所述第二极片112和所述隔膜113卷绕形成。所述隔膜113用于防止所述第一极片111和所述第二极片112直接接触，防止所述电池10短路。所述电极组件11还包括第一极耳114和第二极耳115。所述第一极耳114与所述第一极片111电连接，所述第二极耳115与所述第二极片112电连接。
所述电极组件11的横截面为具有长轴116和短轴117的椭圆形。所述长轴116为所述电极组件11的横截面最外圈上两点之间连线所具有的最大距离的轴，所述短轴117为所述长轴116的垂直平分线段。所述第一极耳114和所述第二极耳115设置于所述电极组件11的外表面和所述壳体12之间。如图1所示，在一实施方式中，在所述电极组件11的短轴117方向上，所述第一极耳114和所述第二极耳115分别位于所述电极组件11的两侧。即，所述第一极耳114的 几何中心和所述第二极耳115的几何中心均位于所述电极组件11的短轴117方向上。
定义所述第一极耳114的最外延相较于所述短轴117的偏离角度为θ1，所述第二极耳115的最外延相较于所述短轴117的偏离角度为θ2，所述长轴的一半长度为a，所述短轴的一半长度为b，则a、b、θ1和θ2满足以下关系：0<tanθ1<(a-b)/b，0<tanθ2<(a-b)/b。其中，所述第一极耳114的最外延为所述第一极耳114沿所述电极组件11的短轴117方向上的任一个最外端。所述第二极耳115的最外延为所述第二极耳115沿所述电极组件11的短轴117方向上的任一个最外端。可以理解，所述第一极耳114的两个最外延的偏离角度为θ1相等，所述第二极耳115的两个最外延的偏离角度θ2相等。
可选地，a和b的取值满足以下条件：5mm<a<20mm，30μm<a-b<200μm。
如图2所示，在另一些实施方式中，所述第一极耳114的几何中心和所述第二极耳115的几何中心也可以相较于所述短轴117存在一定角度的偏移。此时，所述第一极耳114的两个最外延的偏离角度分别为θ1、θ1’，所述第二极耳115的两个最外延的偏离角度分别为θ2、θ2’。θ1’和θ2’同样满足以下关系：tanθ1’<(a-b)/b，0≤tanθ2’<(a-b)/b。而且，θ1与θ1’不相等，且θ2与θ2’不相等。
相较于现有电池将极耳设置在卷芯最外圈而导致卷芯和壳体之间整圈的空间浪费的设计，本申请中的电池10将电极组件11设计成椭圆柱形结构，将所述第一极耳114和所述第二极耳115设置于所述电极组件11的外表面和所述壳体12之间，即，本申请中的电池10借助电极组件11的椭圆柱形结构的特征，使所述电极组件11与所述壳体12仅在所述电极组件11的短轴117方向一定偏离角度内形成收容第一极耳114和所述第二极耳115的空间，如此避免了现有电池中将极耳设置在卷芯最外圈而导致卷芯和壳体之间整圈的空间浪费，从而有效提高了壳体12内部的空间利用率及电池10的能量密度。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一极耳114和所述第一极片111之间，以及所述第二极耳115和所述第二极片112之间通过焊接的方式连接在一起。
在一些实施方式中，参图1和图2，所述第一极片111包括第一集流体1111及设置于所述第一集流体1111的第一活性物质层1112。所述第二极片112包括第二集流体1121及设置于所述第二集流体1121的第二活性物质层1122。其中，所述第一集流体1111电连接所述第一极耳114，所述第二集流 体1121电连接所述第二极耳115。具体地，所述第一极片111和所述第二极片112在卷绕后分别形成所述电极组件11的第一卷绕收尾段18和第二卷绕收尾段19，在所述电极组件11的短轴117方向上，所述第一卷绕收尾段18和所述第二卷绕收尾段19分别位于所述电极组件11相对的两侧。其中，所述第一极片111的第一集流体1111在所述第一卷绕收尾段18设有第一空白区(图未标)，所述第一空白区电连接所述第一极耳114。所述第二极片112的第二集流体1121在所述第二卷绕收尾段18设有第二空白区(图未标)，所述第二空白区电连接所述第二极耳115。
在一些实施方式中，参图1和图2，所述电极组件11的卷绕起始段17呈平板状。如此，由所述第一极片111、所述第二极片112和所述隔膜113卷绕形成的所述电极组件11为椭圆柱形结构。
在一些实施方式中，借助扁平状的卷针，将所述第一极片111、所述第二极片112和所述隔膜113卷绕形成椭圆柱形结构的电极组件11。具体步骤如下：
首先，将第一极片111、隔膜113及第二极片112堆叠在一起；然后，将堆叠在一起的所述第一极片111、所述隔膜113和所述第二极片112卷绕于扁平状的卷针上；最后，抽出扁平状的卷针，以制备得到椭圆柱形结构的电极组件11。
在一些实施方式中，所述壳体12的材质为导电材料或绝缘材料。所述导电材料不限于钢合金、铝合金、铁合金、铜合金和镍合金中的一种或多种。所述绝缘材料不限于聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚酯(PET)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(AB S)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚酰胺(PA)和陶瓷中的一种或多种。
其中，所述电池10还包括电解液。所述电解液收容于壳体12内。
在一些实施方式中，参图1和图2，所述电池10还包括第一极柱13和第二极柱14。所述壳体12上开设有第一开口121和第二开口122。所述第一极柱13电连接所述第一极耳114，并由所述第一开口121暴露于所述壳体12外。如此，借助所述第一极柱113以将所述第一极片111的极性引出。所述第二极柱14电连接所述第二极耳115，并由所述第二开口122暴露于所述壳体12外。如此，借助所述第二极柱14以将所述第二极片112的极性引出。进一步地，所述第一极柱13与所述壳体12背对所述电极组件11的表面齐平；所述第二极柱14与所 述壳体12背对所述电极组件11的表面齐平。如此，可以使得所述壳体12的形状规则。
如图1所示，在一些实施方式中，在所述电极组件11的短轴117方向上，所述第一极柱13和所述第二极柱14分别位于所述电极组件11的两侧。即，所述第一极柱13的几何中心和所述第二极柱14的几何中心均位于所述电极组件11的短轴117方向上。如图2所示，在另一些实施方式中，所述第一极柱13的几何中心和所述第二极柱14的几何中心也可以相较于所述短轴117存在一定角度的偏移。
在一实施方式中，所述第一极柱13设置于所述第一极耳114背对所述第二极耳115的表面，所述第二极柱14设置于所述第二极耳115背对所述第一极耳114的表面。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一极柱13和所述第一极耳114之间，以及所述第二极柱14和所述第二极耳115之间通过焊接的方式连接在一起。
可以理解，在所述壳体12的材质为导电材料时，可对所述第一极柱13和所述第二极柱14与所述壳体12的连接处做绝缘处理，以避免短路。
在一些实施方式中，所述电池10还包括第一绝缘件15。所述第一绝缘件15连接于所述电极组件11和所述壳体12之间。如此，当所述壳体12的材质为导电材料时，所述第一绝缘件15的设置可防止所述电极组件11和所述壳体12之间因接触而发生短路的问题。所述第一绝缘件15的材质包括聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酰亚胺、尼龙或铁氟龙中的至少一种。当所述壳体12的材质为绝缘材料时，所述第一绝缘件15可省略。
在本实施方式中，所述电池10包括两所述第一绝缘件15。两所述第一绝缘件15分别位于所述长轴116的两侧。可以理解，在其他实施方式中，所述第一绝缘件15的数量可依据实际需要进行增减，在此不作限定。
在另一些实施方式中，参图3，所述壳体12上未开设所述第一开口121和所述第二开口122。此时，所述第一极柱13和所述第二极柱14可省略。在该实施方式中，所述壳体12的材质为导电材料。所述壳体12包括第一壳体123及与所述第一壳体123相对设置的第二壳体124。所述第一壳体123连接所述第二壳体124，以共同形成收容所述电极组件11的收容空间125。所述第一极耳114设置于所述电极组件11的外表面和所述第一壳体123之间，所述第一极耳 114电连接所述第一壳体123。所述第二极耳115设置于所述电极组件11的外表面和所述第二壳体124之间，第二极耳115电连接所述第二壳体124。由于省略极柱，有利于减小所述壳体12沿所述电极组件11短轴方向上的尺寸，在电池10的整体体积相同的情况下，有利于提高所述电池10的能量密度。其中，所述第一壳体123和所述第二壳体124之间电性绝缘。
在进一步的实施方式中，所述电池10还包括第二绝缘件16。所述第二绝缘件16连接于所述第一壳体123和所述第一壳体124之间，以将所述第一壳体123和所述第二壳体124隔开，从而使得所述第一壳体123和所述第一壳体124之间电性绝缘。所述第二绝缘件16的材质包括聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酰亚胺、尼龙或铁氟龙中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，所述壳体12呈圆柱状。
参图4，本申请实施方式还提供了一种电子装置1。所述电子装置1包括所述电池10。其中，所述电子装置1可以是移动电子设备、储能设备、电动汽车、混合动力电动汽车等。所述移动电子设备可以是移动电话、穿戴式电子设备、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本申请的技术方案进行修改或等同替换，而不脱离本申请技术方案的精神和实质。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池，包括电极组件及容置所述电极组件的壳体，所述电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片及位于所述第一极片与所述第二极片之间的隔膜，所述电极组件由所述第一极片、所述第二极片和所述隔膜卷绕形成；
    所述电极组件还包括第一极耳和第二极耳，所述第一极耳与所述第一极片电连接，所述第二极耳与所述第二极片电连接；
    其特征在于，所述电极组件的横截面为具有长轴和短轴的椭圆形，所述长轴为所述电极组件的横截面最外圈上两点之间连线所具有的最大距离的轴，所述短轴为所述长轴的垂直平分线段；
    所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳设置于所述电极组件的外表面和所述壳体之间，定义所述长轴的一半长度为a，所述短轴的一半长度为b，所述第一极耳最外延相较于所述短轴的偏离角度为θ1，所述第二极耳最外延相较于所述短轴的偏离角度为θ2，则a、b、θ1和θ2满足以下关系：tanθ1<(a-b)/b，tanθ2<(a-b)/b。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电极组件的卷绕起始段呈平板状。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池还包括第一极柱及第二极柱，所述第一极柱电连接所述第一极耳，所述第二极柱电连接所述第二极耳，所述第一极柱和所述第二极柱暴露于所述壳体外。
  4. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述壳体的材质为绝缘材料。
  5. 如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池包括第一绝缘件，所述第一绝缘件连接于所述电极组件与所述壳体之间。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述壳体的材质为导电材料，所述壳体包括第一壳体及与所述第一壳体相对设置的第二壳体，所述第一壳体连接所述第二壳体，以共同形成收容所述电极组件的收容空间，所述第一极耳电连接所述第一壳体，所述第二极耳电连接所述第二壳体，所述第一壳体和所述第二壳体之间电性绝缘。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池还包括第二绝缘件，所述第二绝缘件连接于所述第一壳体和所述第二壳体之间，以使所述第一壳 体和所述第二壳体之间电性绝缘。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一极耳设置于所述电极组件和所述第一壳体之间，所述第一极耳电连接所述第一壳体，所述第二极耳设置于所述电极组件和所述第二壳体之间，所述第二极耳电连接所述第二壳体。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述壳体呈圆柱状。
  10. 一种电子装置，其特征在于，所述电子装置包括如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的电池。
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