WO2022123082A1 - Dispositif d'extraction pour extraction d'huile végétale et procédé d'extraction - Google Patents

Dispositif d'extraction pour extraction d'huile végétale et procédé d'extraction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022123082A1
WO2022123082A1 PCT/EP2021/085507 EP2021085507W WO2022123082A1 WO 2022123082 A1 WO2022123082 A1 WO 2022123082A1 EP 2021085507 W EP2021085507 W EP 2021085507W WO 2022123082 A1 WO2022123082 A1 WO 2022123082A1
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Prior art keywords
chamber
extraction
solvent
evaporation chamber
pump
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PCT/EP2021/085507
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter Selmer GADE
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Drizzle Holding Aps
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Publication of WO2022123082A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022123082A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/0292—Treatment of the solvent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/0207—Control systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/028—Flow sheets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an extraction device for solvent-based extraction of plant oils from plant material and a method of solvent-based extraction of plant oils from plant material. More specifically, the invention relates to an extraction device for alcohol-based extraction of cannabinoids from a cannabis feedstock and a method for extracting cannabinoids from a cannabis feedstock.
  • Cannabis feedstock contains - among many other compounds - tetrahydrocannabinol, THC, and cannabidiol, CBD.
  • THC tetrahydrocannabinol
  • CBD cannabidiol
  • users have personal preferences for the relative levels of each compound in a cannabis product. The genetics of each cannabis plant is responsible for the levels of each compound. Users, therefore, often have preferences for a specific cannabis strain.
  • cannabis oil has advantages compared to smoking cannabis: it is odorless, much more practical, dosing is more precise, and not associated with the social stigmata connected to the smoking of dried cannabis plant material. For these reasons, the demand for extracted cannabinoids products is quickly gaining traction.
  • Cannabis oil is often expensive for the end-user, and custom-prepared cannabis oil, based on preferred strains, is unavailable because current manufacturing methods focus on large-scale production from one cannabis strain.
  • Cannabis oil is made on an industrial level using several methods: supercritical CO2 extraction, butane extraction, and alcohol extraction.
  • CO2 is not suitable for home extraction devices, because it requires high pressure, often made of stainless steel, and sophisticated equipment to operate.
  • Butane/propane extraction is also not viable for home extraction because of the explosion danger.
  • butane extraction is problematic because it requires cooling and pressurized equipment. This makes the equipment expensive and requires the use of metal in the construction.
  • the lower chained alcohols are usable for home extraction because they are liquid at room temperature and provide excellent full spectrum extraction properties. Examples of suitable alcohols, where high efficiencies may be obtained, include ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol or butanol and isomers.
  • Alcohols contain both polar and non-polar moieties.
  • the nonpolar properties reside in the terminal carbon chain, and the polar properties reside in oxygen molecules bound to a terminal carbon molecule. Therefore alcohols can extract a broad range of molecules in addition to cannabinoids and terpenes, which are aromatic oils that provide cannabis plant strains with distinctive, pleasant flavors.
  • cannabinoids and terpenes which are aromatic oils that provide cannabis plant strains with distinctive, pleasant flavors.
  • alcohol's ability to co-extract water-soluble molecules like chlorophyll which has a very unpleasant, bitter taste, is a distinct disadvantage of alcohol extraction.
  • Non-professional extraction of cannabinoids is predominantly done by alcohol, and during the later years, alcohol extraction has exponentially increased in popularity. In great measure, this is due to the decriminalization of cannabis for medicinal and or recreational use in the USA and other countries. This fact has increased demands for purified cannabinoids less expensive than commercially available products.
  • the alcohol extraction process is well known and comprises two main steps:
  • the extraction step is usually performed using batch extraction.
  • Batch extraction involves soaking the cannabis feedstock in a large amount of solvent, then filtering the solute through a mechanical filter. In order to move the solute and solvent, a pump or a similar device may be used.
  • the plant feedstock retains a large amount of solvent, and one of the disadvantages of batch extraction is the low yields of extracted plant oils, including cannabis.
  • it is possible to mitigate the problem with low yield by repeating the process several times - often between 3 to 5 times - to achieve an acceptable yield of cannabinoids from the dried plant material.
  • Such extracts can be treated with absorbent materials with high surface areas like activated carbon or diatomaceous earth, see e.g., Ichibancrafter. 2018.
  • Such extracts can be treated with absorbent materials with high surface areas like activated carbon or diatomaceous earth, see e.g., Ichibancrafter. 2018.
  • Such purification procedures may improve the quality of the final extract, but they introduce extra process steps in the already non-trivial process of extracting cannabinoids from cannabis plant material. Furthermore, the use of non-specific adsorptive material with a large surface area will inevitably reduce the final yield of cannabinoids. In some instances, a reduction as high as 50% is seen (Romano, L.R. Hazekamp, A. 2013. 'Cannabis Oil: chemical evaluation of an upcoming cannabisbased medicine', Cannabinoids, 1 : 11).
  • the company Capna Labs produces dedicated equipment for alcohol extraction of dried cannabis plant material.
  • the equipment comes in different sizes, and prices are between US $75,000 and US $400,000 with an overall extraction yield below 85%.
  • a dedicated centrifuge performs the alcohol recovery.
  • all other elements in the extraction process i.e. , batch extraction with alcohol at very low temperature, repetition of the extraction process, etc. are virtually similar to the extraction steps described in the many blogs on this topic.
  • the fact that a dedicated and costly alcohol extraction equipment uses the same procedures as described in numerous blogs discussing the issue of low-temperature alcohol extraction of cannabis oil demonstrates that these procedures must be considered state of the art procedure.
  • Reclaiming the alcohol after during alcohol extraction can be done if the distillation is performed under atmospheric pressure where the boiling point will be around 80 degrees Celsius if the alcohol is ethanol, propanol or isopropanol.
  • the problems with removing the solvent at this temperature and pressure are two-fold.
  • alcohol is typically removed under vacuum to reduce the boiling point to a point where the qualities of the cannabis oil are not diminished.
  • a vacuum is typically created using a rotary vane pump or similar vacuum technology.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by an extraction device for solvent-based flow extraction of plant oils from plant material, the extraction device comprising
  • an extraction chamber configured for holding a volume of plant material and fluidly connected to the solvent reservoir by a first fluid conduit;
  • a very simple device may be provided to extract the plant oils from the plant material, using only a single pump enabling the flow extraction process, the process of separating the used solvent soaked plant material and the plant oil enriched solution, as well as the creation of the vacuum need for distilling the
  • the extraction device is configured for sucking solvent from the solvent reservoir and into and flowing through the extraction chamber, and further a solution of solvent and plant oils (extracted from the plant material in the extraction chamber when the solvent flows there through) into the evaporation chamber, by the vacuum supplied by the one and only one pump. Further, by closing the first control valve when a predetermined volume of solvent has passed through the extraction chamber, the pressure in the evaporation chamber may be lowered, thereby lowering the boiling point of the solution of solvent and extracted plant oils, by use of the same one and only one pump.
  • the extraction chamber is preferably, arranged without any device for heating or cooling of the extraction chamber, other than said one and only one pump.
  • the temperature in the extraction chamber is influenced only by the ambient temperature, the temperature of the plant material, the temperature of the solvent (which is preferably ambient temperature), and the vacuum provided by the one and only one pump.
  • the extraction chamber is preferably, arranged without any device for pressurizing or depressurizing of the extraction chamber, other than said one and only one pump.
  • the pressure in the extraction chamber is influenced only by the ambient temperature, the temperature of the plant material, the temperature of the solvent (which is preferably ambient temperature), and the vacuum provided by the one and only one pump.
  • the first control valve may be a shut-off valve.
  • the first control valve may be a throttle valve.
  • the extraction first control valve may be configured to regulate the flow rate of at least the extraction process.
  • the first control valve a first valve, is arranged in the first fluid conduit, i.e. the fluid connection between the extraction chamber and the solvent reservoir.
  • the first control valve, or second valve is arranged in the second fluid conduit, i.e., the fluid connection between the extraction chamber and the evaporation chamber.
  • the extraction device may comprise a second control valve; a first valve, arranged in the first fluid conduit, i.e. the fluid connection between the extraction chamber and the solvent reservoir.
  • the second control valve may be a shut-off valve.
  • the second control valve is a throttle valve, whereby the second control valve will be configured to regulate the flow rate of the extraction process.
  • the device may be used with a solvent having a boiling point above room temperature.
  • a solvent which has a boiling point above room temperature, security for the user and ease of handling are considerably increased.
  • the solvent is an alcohol.
  • the alcohol has a carbon length between 1 and 6.
  • the alcohol is ethanol, propanol, isopropanol or butanol, or any isomers.
  • the extraction device is configured to apply a vacuum by said pump to suck solvent from the solvent reservoir and through a volume of plant material contained in the extraction chamber and into the evaporation chamber, when the first control valve is in an open state.
  • a filter is provided between the extraction chamber and the evaporation chamber, such the mentioned solution is passed through the filter to prevent any plant material from being transferred to the solution.
  • the extraction device is further configured to apply a vacuum by said pump to the evaporation chamber when said shut-off valve is in a closed state. Thereby a pressure in the evaporation chamber may be reduced. This will cause a lowering of the boiling point of the solvent of the solution that has flown into the evaporation chamber. The reduction of the boiling point will aid a process of separating the solvent and the plant oils by evaporation in the evaporation chamber, which may be incorporated in the extraction device in a further embodiment, see below.
  • Reducing the solvent's boiling point will cause evaporation of the solvent at a lower temperature and result in concentrating the plant oil in the evaporation chamber.
  • the lower temperature further increases the quality of the extracted plant oils.
  • the reduced temperature allows the use of less complicated and more cost-efficient materials, such as polymer materials, instead of steel, glass or alumen.
  • the evaporation chamber is formed in a FDA food grade approved polymer, such as polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or modified copolymers of PET, such as polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG).
  • a FDA food grade approved polymer such as polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or modified copolymers of PET, such as polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG).
  • the extraction chamber may be formed in a FDA food grade approved polymer, such as polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or modified copolymers of PET, such as polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG).
  • the extraction chamber may form part of an extraction column, and some or all of the other parts of the extraction column may be formed in a polymer material.
  • Any evaporated solvent may be evacuated through the pump.
  • the evaporated solvent may be released into ambient air or condensed into a recipient container.
  • any evaporated solvent is preferably recycled by the extraction device, in further embodiments, described further below.
  • the extraction device may comprise a heater configured to heat the contents of the evaporation chamber.
  • the heater is preferably provided below or in the lower region of the evaporation chamber.
  • the extraction device comprises an end product container, which is fluidly connected to the evaporation chamber.
  • the end product container is configured to collect the plant oils of the solution as the solvent evaporates.
  • the end product container is formed as a part of an evaporation column of which the evaporation chamber forms part.
  • the end product container is releasably connected to the evaporation chamber or the evaporation column so that the end product, the plant oil, can easily be retrieved from the extraction device.
  • the heater may preferably be connectable below or surrounding the end product container.
  • the pump outlet of the pump is fluidly connected to the solvent reservoir.
  • the inlet of the pump is - as is evident from the above description - fluidly connected to the evaporation chamber.
  • a condenser may be arranged in the fluid connection between the pump and the solvent reservoir, whereby the extraction device is configured for condensing evaporated solvent and returning the condensed solvent to the solvent reservoir.
  • the extraction device comprises a pre-condenser.
  • the pre-condenser is arranged in a fluid connection between the pump and the evaporation chamber.
  • the pre-condenser allows for cooling evaporated solvent before it enters the pump, thereby protecting the pump and allowing a decrease in the requirements for the pump.
  • the evaporated gas is cooled before it enters the pump. This approach reduces the wear on the pump and allows the use of more affordable pumps.
  • the extraction device described above may, in principle, be manually operated, in the sense that the pump function, the first control valve, any other valves, or a heater may be controlled (turn on/off or adjusted) by the user.
  • At least the first control valve is an electronically controlled valve
  • the extraction device further comprises a control system, such as an electronic control system
  • the controls system preferably comprising a control unit, such as a CPU, which is configured for controlling at least said pump and the first control valve.
  • control system is configured to control the pump to apply a vacuum to suck solvent from said solvent reservoir through a volume of plant material contained in said extraction chamber, and into the evaporation chamber, for a first period of time, while controlling said shut-off valve to be in an open state, and, after the first period of time, to control said shut-off valve to change to a closed state, for a second period of time, while controlling the pump (60) to apply a vacuum.
  • valves and/or sensors of the extraction device may be controlled by the control unit of the control system.
  • control system may be configured to control the heater to heat the content of the evaporation chamber when a vacuum has been applied to the evaporation chamber, and the first control valve is in the closed state.
  • the objects of the invention may be achieved by a method of solvent-based flow extraction of plant oils from plant material, the method comprising
  • the first process step is preferably carried out without adding or subtracting any heat to the extraction chamber.
  • the method comprises, in a second process step, while keeping the first control valve closed, applying vacuum to the extraction column for a second period of time. Thereby, the boiling point of the solvent in the solution is lowered. Thereby, some or all of the solvent may evaporate.
  • heat is applied to the solution in the evaporation chamber during the second process step, such that the solvent evaporates and such that the oil content thereof is retained in the evaporation chamber. Thereby, most of the solvent may evaporate.
  • the vacuum is applied by a vacuum pump arranged upstream of the evaporation chamber.
  • the pump/ vacuum pump may be a diaphragm pump.
  • the solvent reservoir is further connected to an output port of the pump. Thereby, evaporated solvent from the extracted solution may be recycled.
  • a condenser is arranged in the fluid path between the output port of the vacuum pump and the solvent reservoir, and where the vacuum applied to the evaporation chamber in the second process step forces evaporated solvent through the condenser to form a condensed solvent.
  • a pre-condenser is arranged downstream of the evaporation chamber and upstream of the vacuum pump.
  • the vacuum applied to the evaporation chamber in the second process step forces the evaporated solvent through the pre-condenser. This causes the formation of an at least partly condensed solvent before the solvent passes the pump so that the vacuum pump is protected.
  • the evaporated gas is cooled slightly before it enters the pump. This reduces the wear on the pump and allows the use of more affordable pumps.
  • the solvent is an alcohol.
  • the alcohol has a carbon length between 1 and 6.
  • the alcohol is ethanol, propanol, isopropanol or butanol, or an isomer thereof.
  • the vacuum applied in said second process step is controlled such that a boiling point of the solution collected in the evaporation chamber is reduced to under 60 degrees Celsius.
  • the plant material may be cannabis feedstock.
  • the extraction device and method are configured for extracting plant oils, in particularly cannabinoids and terpenes from plant material, particularly cannabis into a formulation usable to the end-user.
  • the end-user can use preferred strains of cannabis in small amounts, suitable for a few weeks’ single patient usage.
  • the invention solves the problems with domestic plant oil/cannabis oil manufacture.
  • the invention can perform both a cannabis feedstock extraction using alcohol to form a solution of cannabinoids, terpenes, and alcohol as well as a subsequent distillation of the alcohol whereby very pure cannabis oil is retained.
  • a single vacuum pump is used to suck the pure solvent through the cannabis feedstock to form the solution.
  • the pressure of the evaporation chamber is lowered using the same vacuum pump.
  • the boiling point of the solvent is lowered to a point below that of the evaporation chamber’s plastics glass transition temperature.
  • At least the evaporation chamber of the extraction device is made of FDA food grade approved polymer, such as polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or modified copolymers of PET, such as polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG).
  • PETG has a glass transition temperature of 85 degrees. Without vacuum during the distillation, isopropanol boils at 84 degrees - much too close to PETG’s glass transition point. By lowering the internal pressure to e.g. 150 mbar, the alcohol (isopropanol) boils at 35 degrees and does not degrade the polymer embodiment.
  • the invention enables the manufacturing of the extraction device from foodgrade polymer instead of stainless steel or glass.
  • the use of low-cost active components makes it inexpensive to manufacture the extraction device.
  • the extraction device is configured as a domestic device for a household, such as a kitchen device.
  • the extraction device is configured as a kitchen device according to one or more standards selected from the group of EN 60335-1 , I EC 60335-1 , IEC 60335-5, UL 197, and UL 1082.
  • the extraction device and method further provide for a device that is simple and safe to use, thus making it suitable for a layman user to operate.
  • the device may be operated fully automatically via a user interface.
  • the method may in addition to any of the above mentioned features comprise controlling the pump such that the solvent flows into and through the extraction chamber at a rate of 0.04 to 10 chamber volumes per minute, and such that a volume of 0.2 to 5 times the chamber volume of the solvent is forced through the cannabis feedstock.
  • the volume of the solvent from solvent reservoir is 0.5 to 3 times the chamber volume. In a further embodiment, the flow rate of the solvent through the extraction chamber is 0.15 to 3 chamber volumes per minute.
  • the extraction chamber has a diameter and a height, and a chamber ratio between the height and the diameter, which is larger than 0.5 and less than 10.
  • the chamber ratio between the height and the diameter of the extraction chamber is larger than 1 and less than 5.
  • the first volume of cannabis-based feedstock is compressed to 0.2 to 1 g per mL of the chamber volume.
  • the object of the invention may be achieved by a method of extracting cannabinoids from a cannabis-based feedstock, the method comprising:
  • the cannabinoids present in the cannabis-based feedstock are selectively dissolved in the solvent, such that the resulting cannabinoid solution contains a high concentration of cannabinoids and low/miniscule concentrations of chlorophyll a, b and xanthophyll.
  • the first volume of the feedstock is chosen such that it may fill the chamber volume without compressing the feedstock.
  • a process volume of the pure solvent forced from solvent reservoir is 0.5 to 3 times the chamber volume.
  • the flow rate of the solvent through the extraction chamber is 0.15 to 3 chamber volumes per minute.
  • the pure solvent is alcohol with a carbon chain length of 1 to 6.
  • said alcohol is ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, or butanol or structural isomers of butanol.
  • the extraction chamber may further be vertically aligned, and having an solvent inlet at a bottom of the extraction chamber and a solution outlet formed at the top of the extraction chamber, such that the flow of solvent though the extraction chamber is from the bottom towards the top.
  • the extraction chamber is configured for solvent flow from the solvent inlet to the solution outlet, using gravity to ensure an even solvent front.
  • the extraction chamber may further have a diameter and a height, and a chamber ratio between the diameter and the height larger than 0.5 and less than 10.
  • the chamber ratio between the diameter and the height of the extraction chamber is larger than 1 and less than 5.
  • the first volume of cannabis-based feedstock may be compressed to 0,2 to 1 g per mL of the chamber volume.
  • the extraction may be performed at room temperature.
  • the method may further comprises subsequently distilling the solvent from the solution of cannabinoids to extract the cannabinoids from the solvent.
  • an extraction apparatus comprising
  • the pressure difference may be provided by a manually operated pump.
  • the flow rate may be controlled using a stop watch, and a user taking readings of for example volume markings on the solvent chamber, to calculate an approximate flowrate.
  • the pressure difference may be provided by an electrically driven pump.
  • the flow rate may be controlled using a stop watch and a user taking readings of for example volume markings on the solvent chamber, to calculate an approximate flowrate.
  • the solvent reservoir may have a predetermined third volume, the third volume being equal to or larger than 5 times the chamber volume.
  • the recipient chamber defines a fourth volume, the fourth volume being equal to or larger than 5 times the chamber volume.
  • the extraction apparatus may further comprise
  • a pump configured for providing a pressure difference over the extraction chamber
  • controller connected to control the pump and connected to receive flow information from the flow sensor, wherein the controller is configured for controlling the pump based on information relating to the known volume of the extraction chamber and flow information from the flow sensor to control the flow rate through the extraction chamber and the volume of the pure solvent forced to the extraction chamber.
  • the extraction process may be automated, and more precisely controlled.
  • the present invention includes a novel extraction process that yields a clean cannabis/terpene extract devoid of chlorophyll. All aspects and embodiments of the invention may be operated at room temperature, and by an untrained layperson.
  • the objects of the invention may be achieved by a cannabinoids containing product obtained by the method described in connection with any one of the embodiments of the first aspect of the invention, described above.
  • extract should be broadly understood to include both cannabinoid and terpene concentrates with no or negligible amount of chlorophyll.
  • cannabinoids and terpenes should be construed broadly to include their various isomers.
  • solvent/pure solvent as used herein should be understood to describe ethanol, propanol, or isopropanol in 90% or higher concentrations.
  • the invention is based on the experimental observation on the remarkable different solubility kinetics of cannabinoids and chlorophyll, meaning that 95% of cannabinoids can be extracted during a period, where coelution of chlorophyll is in negligible amounts that not in any way affect the quality of the extract.
  • Fig. 1 in diagram form, shows an extraction device for solvent-based extraction of plant oils from plant material according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a section through a solvent reservoir for an extraction device according to the invention
  • Fig. 3A shows a section through an extraction column with an extraction chamber, for an extraction device according to the invention
  • Fig. 3B shows the extraction column of Fig. 3A with indications of solvent and solute flow during use
  • Fig. 4 shows a cross sectional side view of an evaporation chamber for use in the extraction device according to the invention
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing the cumulative yield vs. solvent contact time of a cannabis oil extraction process, where a volume of plant feedstock is placed in a volume of solvent, and the extracted cannabis is measured at different time intervals.
  • the percentage level of the y axis is a measure of the total amount of available in the plant material. At 100% all available cannabinoids from the plant has been extracted;
  • Fig. 6 is a graph showing the extracted weight of cannabinoids (CBD in the experiment case) from a specific volume of plant feedstock extracted into a solvent over time and the extracted weight of chlorophyll (chlorophyll a+b) from the same volume of feedstock.
  • CBD cannabinoids
  • chlorophyll a+b chlorophyll
  • Fig. 7 is a graph showing the same as Fig. 6, but on logarithmic time scale
  • Fig. 8 is a graph showing cumulative extracted cannabinoid yield at different solvent flow rates
  • Fig. 9 in a schematic view, shows a cross sectional side view of an apparatus for carrying out the method according to some aspects of the invention, the apparatus comprising a solvent reservoir, an extraction chamber, and a cannabinoid solution recipient chamber;
  • Fig.10 shows a detailed view of the extraction chamber of Fig. 9;
  • Fig. 11 in a schematic view, shows a cross sectional side view of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention, and for carrying out the method according to the third aspect of the invention, the apparatus comprising a solvent reservoir, an extraction chamber, a cannabinoid solution recipient chamber, and a peristaltic pump;
  • Fig. 12 in a schematic view, shows a cross sectional side view of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention, and for carrying out the method according to the third aspect of the invention, the apparatus comprising a solvent reservoir, an extraction chamber, a cannabinoid solution recipient chamber, and a diaphragm pump; and
  • Fig. 13 shows measurements of different embodiments of an extraction chamber according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows, in diagram form an extraction device 1 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the extraction device 1 may be a “countertop device”, designed to extract plant oils, in particular cannabis oil, without any - or only little - prior knowledge of plant oil extraction.
  • the device 1 comprises
  • an extraction chamber 20 configured for holding a volume of plant material 3
  • - an evaporation chamber 30 for receiving a solution of solvent and extracted plant substances, and possibly for separating the solvent and the extracted plant substances;
  • the solvent reservoir 10 is fluidly connected to the extraction chamber 20 via a first fluid conduit 101 forming a fluid connection between the two for a flow of solvent 2.
  • the first fluid conduit 101 may be a tube, such as polymer tube, flexible polymer tube, or a pipe.
  • the extraction chamber 20 is fluidly connected to the evaporation chamber 30 via a second fluid conduit 101 forming a fluid connection between the two.
  • the second fluid conduit 101 allows for a flow of a solution of solvent 2, and plant substances extracted by the solvent 2 from plant material 3 in the extraction chamber 20.
  • the second fluid conduit 102 may be a tube, such as polymer tube, flexible polymer tube, or a pipe.
  • the evaporation chamber 30 is fluidly connected to the pump 60 by a fluid connection between the two.
  • a pre-condenser 70 is provided in the fluid connection between the evaporation chamber 30 and the pump 60. The function of the optional pre-condenser 70 is described below.
  • a third fluid conduit 103 fluidly connects an outlet from the evaporation chamber 30 with and inlet to the pre-condenser 70.
  • the third fluid conduit 103 may be a tube, such as polymer tube, flexible polymer tube, or a pipe.
  • a fourth fluid conduit 104 fluidly connects an outlet from the pre-condenser 70 with and inlet 61 of the pump 60.
  • the fourth fluid conduit 104 may be a tube, such as polymer tube, flexible polymer tube, or a pipe.
  • the third fluid conduit 103 and the fourth fluid conduit 104 is formed as unbroken fluid connection formed by one integrated, or unitary, and unbroken tube, such as polymer tube, flexible polymer tube, or pipe (not shown) and connected to the outlet 32 from the evaporation chamber 30 at one end and to the inlet 61 to the pump 60 at the other end.
  • unbroken tube such as polymer tube, flexible polymer tube, or pipe (not shown) and connected to the outlet 32 from the evaporation chamber 30 at one end and to the inlet 61 to the pump 60 at the other end.
  • the solvent reservoir 10 comprises an inlet 11 and an outlet 12.
  • the extraction chamber 20 comprises an inlet 21 and an outlet 22.
  • the evaporation chamber 30 comprises an inlet 31 and an outlet 32.
  • the first control valve is either
  • first valve 201 i.e. in a fluid conduit 101 between the solvent reservoir 10 and the extraction chamber 20, or
  • valve 202 arranged upstream of the evaporation chamber 30 and downstream of the extraction chamber 20, second valve 202, i.e. in the second fluid conduit 102 between the extraction chamber 20 and the evaporation chamber 30.
  • the first control valve is arranged upstream of said evaporation chamber 30.
  • the extraction device comprises both a first valve formed in the first conduit 101 and a second valve 202 formed in the second conduit 102.
  • the first valve 201 is configured to control a flow through the first fluid conduit 101.
  • the first valve may be a shut-off valve, i.e. a valve having two states, an open state and a closed state.
  • the first valve 201 is a throttle valve, configured for varying the flow through the first fluid conduit 101 to any desired amount.
  • the second valve 202 is configured to control a flow through the second fluid conduit 102.
  • the second valve 202 may be a shut-off valve, i.e. a valve having two states, an open state and a closed state.
  • the second valve 202 is a throttle valve, configured for varying the flow through the second fluid conduit 102 to any desired amount.
  • the pump 60 comprises a pump inlet 61 and a pump outlet 62, and is fluidly connected to the evaporation chamber 30 upstream of the evaporation chamber 30.
  • the pump 60 is configured for supplying a vacuum, i.e. it is a vacuum pump.
  • a vacuum is typically created using a rotary vane pump or similar vacuum technology.
  • the pump 60 is a diaphragm pump.
  • An outlet 62 of the pump 60 may in some embodiments, and as shown in Fig. 1 , be connected to the solvent reservoir 10, whereby evaporated solvent from the evaporation chamber 30 may be reclaimed for re-use.
  • a condenser 80 may in some embodiments, and as shown in Fig. 1 , be arranged in the fluid connection between the pump 60 and the solvent reservoir 10. The function of the optional condenser 80 is described further below.
  • a fifth fluid conduit 105 connects an outlet, pump outlet 62 from the pump 60 and an inlet of the condenser 80.
  • a sixth fluid conduit 106 is connected to the outlet of the condenser 80 and to an inlet of the solvent reservoir 10.
  • the fifth fluid conduit 105 may be a tube, such as polymer tube, flexible polymer tube, or a pipe.
  • a sixth fluid conduit 106 fluidly connects an outlet from condenser 80 with the inlet 11 to the solvent reservoir 10.
  • the sixth fluid conduit 106 may be a tube, such as polymer tube, flexible polymer tube, or a pipe.
  • the fifth fluid conduit 105 and the sixth fluid conduit 106 is formed as unbroken fluid connection formed by one integrated, or unitary, and unbroken tube, such as polymer tube, flexible polymer tube, or pipe (not shown) and connected to the outlet 62 from the pump 60 at one end and to the inlet 11 to the solvent reservoir 10 at the other end.
  • This may apply in embodiments, where the extraction device 1 does not comprise a condenser 80, but also in embodiments, where the extraction device 1 does comprise a condenser 80. In the latter case the tube or pipe is extended through the condenser 80. Thereby, the number of connections is minimized.
  • the first control valve is the second valve 202 and the extraction device 1 comprises a second control valve; first valve 201, arranged in the first fluid conduit 102, i.e. the fluid connection between the extraction chamber 20 and the solvent reservoir 30.
  • the extraction chamber 20 may comprise an extraction column aeration conduit 107 having one, free end in fluid communication with the ambient surroundings, and the opposite end terminating in the extraction chamber 20, whereby ambient air may be drawn into or escape from the extraction chamber 20.
  • the extraction column aeration conduit 107 may be a tube, such as polymer tube, flexible polymer tube, or a pipe.
  • a valve, an extraction aeration valve 207, is arranged in the extraction column aeration conduit 107 in order to control the flow of air into or out of the extraction chamber 20.
  • the extraction aeration valve 207 may be a shutoff valve, i.e. a valve having two states, an open state and a closed state.
  • the extraction aeration valve 207 is a throttle valve, configured for varying the flow through the extraction column aeration conduit 107 to any desired amount.
  • the evaporation chamber 30 may comprise an evaporation chamber aeration conduit 108 having one, free, end in fluid communication with the ambient surroundings, and the opposite end terminating in the evaporation chamber 30, whereby ambient air may be drawn into or escape from the evaporation chamber 30.
  • the evaporation chamber aeration conduit 108 may be a tube, such as polymer tube, flexible polymer tube, or a pipe.
  • a valve an evaporation aeration valve 208, is arranged in the evaporation chamber aeration conduit 108 in order to control the flow of air into or out of the evaporation chamber 30.
  • the evaporation aeration valve 208 may be a shut-off valve, i.e. a valve having two states, an open state and a closed state.
  • the evaporation aeration valve 208 is a throttle valve, configured for varying the flow through the evaporation chamber aeration conduit 108 to any desired amount.
  • a user may interact with the extraction chamber 20, in order to place plant material/plant feedstock/cannabis feedstock 3 therein.
  • feedstock herein is meant a material ready to be extracted. This may entail selecting desired parts of a plant and possibly cutting or shredding it into a desired size pieces.
  • Pure solvent 2 from the solvent reservoir 10 may be forced though the extraction chamber 20 and the plant material 3 placed therein.
  • the pure solvent 2 enters the extraction chamber 20 via the inlet 21 thereto, and passes though the extraction chamber 20 and the plant material 3 placed therein, towards the outlet 22 of the extraction chamber 20, whereby plant compounds or substances will be extracted from the plant material 3, creating a solution 4 of solvent and plant substances, such as plant oils.
  • This solution may be forced from the extraction chamber 20 out through the extraction chamber outlet 22 through the second conduit 102 and into the evaporation chamber 30.
  • This flow is obtained by vacuum supplied from the pump 60 by sucking through the fluid connection between the pump 60 and the evaporation chamber 30, through the evaporation chamber 30 through the second conduit 102, through the extraction chamber 20 and through the first conduit 101.
  • the solvent (2) is removed from the plant oil/cannabinoid enriched solution 5.
  • the plant substances/extract in some case the cannabis oils 5 (hereafter: “end product”), resides in the evaporation chamber 30, or preferably in a small end product container 40, which is fluidly connected to the evaporation chamber 30, and preferably releasable therefrom, such that the end product may easily be removed from the extraction device 1 in the end product container 40.
  • the solvent vapor is removed with the pump/vacuum pump 60, and is condensed in the condenser 80, which may - along with the other described components - be contained within or form an exterior surface of a chassis/casing (not shown) of the extraction device 1.
  • the negative pressure from the vacuum pump 60 drives both the solvent flow in the extraction chamber 20 as well as the evaporation under vacuum.
  • The, solvent reservoir 10, the extraction chamber 20 and/or the evaporation chamber 30 may in principle be formed in glass or metal. However due to the arrangement of the pump polymer materials (plastic) may be used.
  • the solvent reservoir 10, the extraction chamber 20 and/or the evaporation chamber 30 of the extraction device 1 may be made from a food-grade plastic material.
  • the plastic materials are resistant to the extraction solvent as well as the extracted oil/substances extracted from the plant material 3.
  • All of the components, the solvent reservoir 10, the extraction chamber 20 and/or the evaporation chamber 30, the above described fluid conduits and the valves, etc of the extraction device 1 may be provided within a housing (not shown).
  • the solvent reservoir 10 is configured to contain the solvent 2 when it is stored in the extraction device 1.
  • the solvent reservoir 10 has a fixed volume.
  • the volume of the solvent reservoir 10 allows the anywhere from 0.1 to 10 L of solvent 2 to be stored therein.
  • the solvent reservoir 10 may contain 0.5 to 1L of solvent 2.
  • the solvent reservoir 10 may in an embodiment be cylindrical, comprising a sidewall 13 and a bottom 16. In other embodiments the solvent reservoir 10 may have other shapes, comprising a set of side walls. Thus, the solvent reservoir 10 comprises at least one side wall 13.
  • the solvent reservoir 10 preferably comprises a filler hole 18 accessible though the above mentioned - but not shown - housing.
  • the filler hole 18 is provided at the top of the solvent reservoir 10.
  • the filler hole is provided with a lid 19.
  • a user can add fresh solvent 2 to the solvent reservoir 10 through a filler hole after removing the lid 19.
  • the solvent reservoir 10 may comprise an inlet 11 for return solvent from the condenser 80.
  • Fig. 2 only a round hole indicates the inlet 11, provided through the sidewall.
  • the solvent reservoir 10 comprises a liquid outlet 12 allowing transfer of solvent 2 from solvent reservoir 10 to the extraction chamber 20.
  • the outlet 12 connects to the first fluid conduit 101.
  • the outlet 12 from the solvent reservoir 10 is preferably and as shown in Fig. 2 provided in the top or upper part of the solvent reservoir 10. As shown the outlet 12 communicates with a channel 14 which is integrated in the side wall13 of the solvent reservoir 10, which channel 14 has an inlet at the bottom 16 of the solvent chamber 10.
  • the solvent reservoir 10 is in fluid communication with both the condenser 80 and the extraction chamber 20.
  • the solvent reservoir 10 may be releasably attached to the housing (not shown) of the extraction device 1, such that the solvent reservoir 10 may be removed for maintenance and cleaning.
  • the solvent reservoir 10 may in principle be made in glass or metal. However due to the arrangement of the pump 60, polymer materials (plastic) may be used.
  • the solvent reservoir 10 is made from a foodgrade plastic material.
  • the plastic material is chosen to be resistant to the extraction solvent 2.
  • the housing (not shown) of the extraction device 1 preferably comprises a port or slot for receiving the extraction chamber 20, which may thereby - in this embodiment - be detachably connected to extraction device 1.
  • the extraction chamber 20 being detachable allows cleaning of extraction chamber 20 and the extraction device 1. It also aids in filling the extraction chamber 20 with plant material 3 for the extraction process, and emptying used plant material after the extraction process.
  • the housing of the extraction device is represented by a chamber receiving part 90.
  • the port or slot may comprise the chamber receiving part 90, which is sized and shaped to receive the extraction chamber 20.
  • the chamber receiving part may itself be detachable from the housing of the extraction device, or it may form a fixed part of the housing of the extraction device.
  • the chamber receiving part 90 is upwardly open to receive the extraction chamber 20.
  • the extraction chamber 20 is generally cylindrical having a cylindrical sidewall 20””, at least of a main part/cylindrical part 20a, thereof, and the chamber receiving part 90 is generally cylindrical, at least at a main part/cylindrical part 90a thereof, such as to be able to receive and hold the extraction chamber 20.
  • the extraction chamber 20 has a bottom or lower end 20’ and a top end 20”.
  • An opening 23 into the inner space 20”’ is provided at the top end 20” of the extraction chamber 20.
  • a lid 24 is provided to cover the opening 23 during use, and is detachable to allow the above mentioned cleaning, as well as filling and emptying of fresh/fused plant material.
  • the lower end 20’ the extraction chamber 20 may preferably be conical, i.e. the extraction chamber 20 comprises a conical part 20, such as shown in Figs 3A-B.
  • a lower end, conical part 90b, of the chamber receiving part 90 is conical and sized and shape to mate with the conical part of the extraction chamber 20.
  • the extraction chamber 20 is vertically aligned in the extraction device 1.
  • the purpose of the extraction chamber 20 is to dissolve the plant substances/plant oils present in the plant material (plant feedstock) 3 into solvent flowing through the extraction chamber 20.
  • the extraction device 1 is particularly useful for extracting cannabinoids and terpenes present in a cannabis feedstock 3.
  • the flow of solvent 2 should be such that mainly plant oils (cannabinoids and terpenes) are dissolved, while chlorophyll and other unwanted substances present in the plant material 3/cannabis feedstock are not dissolved. This is at least partially obtained by controlling and limiting contact time between the solvent and plant material/cannabis feedstock, as is one result of letting the solvent flow through the extraction chamber 20.
  • the volume of solvent relative to the volume of the extraction chamber 20 and relative to the volume of plant material/cannabis feed tock in the extraction chamber 20, as well as the extraction time may be adapted to optimize the extraction of desired substances/compounds, and to avoid extraction of undesired substances/compounds.
  • the extraction chamber 20 has an inlet 21, which could be called a solvent inlet, and an outlet 22, which could be called a solution outlet.
  • the inlet 21 is provided at the bottom 20’ of the extraction chamber 20, and the outlet 22 is provided at the top 20” of the extraction chamber 20.
  • the inlet 11 connects to the first fluid conduit 101 as described above (not shown in Figs. 3A-B).
  • the inlet 21 may be provided through a cylindrical protrusion 20c, provided at the lower end of the conical part 20b of the extraction chamber 20.
  • This cylindrical protrusion cooperates with a similar cylindrical receptacle 90c provided in the lower end of the conical part 90b of the chamber receiving part 90.
  • the chamber receiving part 90 is elongate and comprises a bottom 90’ and a top or upper part 90”, and an internal/inner space 90’” formed therein.
  • the chamber receiving part 90 comprises a sidewall 90”” surrounding the internal/inner space 90’”.
  • the chamber receiving part 90 comprises an upper main body part/cylindrical part 90a, and in lower extension thereof, a first conical part of chamber receiving part 90b, the cylindrical receptacle 9c, a second conical part 90d and lowermost, a cylindrical protrusion 90e.
  • An inlet 91 is provided through the lowermost cylindrical protrusion 90e and into the internal/inner space 90’” formed in the chamber receiving part 90. This inlet 91 to the chamber receiving part 90 is connected to the first fluid conduit 101.
  • a gasket 95 preferably in the form of an O-ring is provided between the cylindrical receptacle at bottom 90c of the chamber receiving part 90 and the cylindrical protrusion 20c of the extraction chamber 20.
  • the gasket 95 provides a fluid and air tight seal allowing solvent to be sucked into the internal space 20’” of the extraction chamber 20 when the extraction chamber 20 is placed in the chamber receiving part 90 and a vacuum is provided by the pump 60.
  • solvent 2 may be sucked from the first fluid conduit 101 through the inlet 91 to the chamber receiving part 90 and through the inlet 21 into the extraction chamber 20.
  • the outlet 22 from the extraction chamber 20 connects to the second fluid conduit 102 as described above (not shown in Figs. 3A-B).
  • a filter 6 is provided to cover the opening 23 at the top 20” of the extraction chamber 20 and before the outlet 22 from the extraction chamber 20.
  • the filter 6 removes any residual plant material 3 that would otherwise pass with solution to the evaporation chamber 30.
  • the filter 6 is preferably a replaceable filter, which is sized and shaped to fit on a perimeter of the opening 23 to the extraction chamber 20.
  • the opening 23 at the top 20” of the extraction chamber 20 is covered by a lid 24.
  • the outlet 22 for the solution 4 is in one embodiment - and as shown in Fig. 3A - provided through the lid 24.
  • the lid 24 is accessible from outside of and through the housing of the extraction device 1, and upon removal thereof, access to the opening 23 is provided, allowing a user to fill plant material 3 into the extraction chamber 20 or to remove used plant material.
  • a gasket 25 is provided at the opening 23 and between the opening 23 and the lid 24 .
  • the gasket 25 makes the extraction chamber 20 airtight once the lid 24 is closed.
  • the lid 24 may (in not shown embodiments) be screwed onto the extraction chamber 20 or the chamber receiving part 90 via mating threading. However, in the embodiment shown in Figs. 3A-B, the lid 24 is hinged to the top of the extraction chamber 20 and secured thereto by a lever lock 26.
  • the lid 24 is hinged to the upper main/cylindrical part 90a of the chamber receiving part 90.
  • the lever lock 26 may be secured to the main/cylindrical part 90a of the chamber receiving part 90.
  • the lever lock 26 comprises a hook 26’ allowing the lever lock 26 to grip over the lid 24, thereby pressing the lid 24 and the extraction chamber 20 together around the gasket 25, thereby providing an airtight and liquid tight connection between the extraction chamber 20 and the lid 24.
  • the function of the extraction chamber 20 is to expose the plant/cannabis feedstock 3 with a suitable flow of solvent 2.
  • the extraction chamber 20 is sized and shaped to house 40- 45 grams, such as 42 grams of cannabis.
  • the extraction chamber 20 in this case has a column volume of 150 mL (milliliter).
  • a solvent flow of about 0.1-10 times the column volume per minute is required with a total of 0.5-2 times the column volumes of total solvent volume. Experiment has shown that this will extract over 90% of available cannabinoids with a minimal amount of chlorophyll, wax, or other undesirable contents.
  • the extraction chamber 20 By providing the extraction chamber 20 with an inlet 21 for solvent at the bottom 20’ of the extraction chamber 20, and an outlet 22 for the solution 4 of solvent and extracted plant oils at the top 20” of the extraction chamber 20 provides for the solvent passing from the bottom 20’ to the top 20” of the extraction chamber 20 during the extraction.
  • Fig. 3B This is illustrated in Fig. 3B.
  • the extraction chamber 20 is filled with a volume of plant material 3 up to the filter 6, i.e. it is entirely filled.
  • the un-soaked plant material is represented by the lighter grey color at the top of the extraction chamber 20.
  • Solvent enters through the inlet 91 in the chamber receiving part 90 passes through the inlet 21 of the inserted extraction chamber 20, and into the internal space 20’”, soaking the plant material from below and up, which in Fig. 3B is illustrated by the darker grey/black area in the lower part of the extraction chamber 20.
  • the darker grey/black area thus illustrates solvent and plant material soaked thereby.
  • the arrows pointing up illustrates the rising level of solvent.
  • the solvent When passing through the plant material, the solvent will release plant substances, such as plant oils, from the plant material, and a solution 4 of solvent and plant oils is created which will continue to rise in the extraction chamber 20 until it reaches the outlet 22 and is sucked into the evaporation chamber 30.
  • the extraction chamber 20 chamber is designed to withstand this pressure. After finished use of the extraction chamber 20, it can be washed in plain tap water and is ready to be reused.
  • the flow of liquid through the extraction chamber 20 is controlled by the first control valve, such as the first valve 201 or the third valve 203 and the pressure difference in the chambers provided by the pump 60.
  • the extraction chamber 20 may in principle be made in glass or metal. However due to the arrangement of the pump 60, polymer materials (plastic) may be used.
  • the extraction chamber 20 is made from a food-grade plastic material.
  • the plastic material is chosen to be resistant to the extraction solvent 2, as well as the extracted oil/substances extracted from the plant material 3.
  • the evaporation chamber 30 - in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 - comprises a generally cylindrical structure which is vertically arranged in the housing (not shown) of the extraction device 1 , the generally cylindrical structure comprising a lower end 30’ and a top or upper end 30”, and a generally cylindrical sidewall 30”” surrounding a cylindrical inner space 30”’.
  • the upper portion or main part 30a at least is cylindrical. Extending downward from the main part 30a is a conical part 30b.
  • a top opening 33 is provided at the upper end 30” of the evaporation chamber 30 .
  • the top opening 33 is provided with a lid 34.
  • the lid 34 may be screwed onto the evaporation chamber 30 via mating threading 34’.
  • a gasket 35 such as an O-ring, is provided between the lid 34 and the opening 33 at the top of the evaporation chamber 30.
  • the gasket 35 makes the evaporation chamber 30 gas-tight when compressed with a suitable force. Such suitable force may be provided by the screw lid 34, pressing the lid 34 against the evaporation chamber 30, making it airtight.
  • Providing the evaporation chamber 30 with a lid 34 allows user access to clean the evaporation chamber 30.
  • the evaporation chamber 30 may in some embodiments have a bottom wall (not shown).
  • a solution 4 or an end product (plant oil) 5 may be evacuated from the evaporation chamber 30 through the upper end opening 33 after removal of the lid 34.
  • the entire evaporation chamber 30 may be detachable from the housing of the extraction device 1 , in which case the solution 4 or an end product (plant oil) 5 may be evacuated, by removal of the evaporation chamber 30 and pouring the solution 4 or the end product (plant oil) 5 out.
  • the evaporation chamber 30 may be a two-part structure, comprising the structure described above and a detachable end product container 40.
  • the end product container 40 When the end product container 40 is attached to the evaporation chamber 30, the two are in fluid communication with each other. This may - in the shown embodiment be obtained by the end product container 40 being a cup shaped structure arranged below a lower end opening 36 in/through the bottom of the evaporation chamber.
  • The, evaporation chamber 30 may in principle be formed in glass or metal. However due to the arrangement of the pump 60, polymer materials (plastic) may be used.
  • the evaporation chamber 30 of the extraction device 1 may be made from a food-grade plastic material.
  • the plastic materials are chosen such that they are resistant to the extraction solvent as well as the extracted oil/substances extracted from the plant material 3.
  • the end product container 40 comprises a bottom wall 41 and at least one sidewall 42 extending upwards from the bottom wall 41. At an upper end, opposite to the bottom wall 41, the end product container 40 comprises a top side opening surrounded by a peripheral top rim 44. Preferably, the end product container 40 is a cylindrical structure.
  • the top rim 44 is sized and shaped to abut on and cooperate with, a gasket, bottom opening gasket 39 provided in an external side of the conical part 30b of the evaporation chamber 30.
  • the end product container 40 may be tightly attached to the lower end 30’ of the evaporation chamber 30 by use of a container holder 37.
  • the container holder 37 may attach to the container holder by mating thread 37’.
  • the gasket 39 and the tight hold allowed by screwing the container holder 37 with the end product container 40 provides and air-tight connection between the two.
  • the end product container 40 is suspended underneath the evaporation chamber 30, such that the end product 5 ends up here after finished solvent distillation.
  • the end product container 40 is attached at the bottom of the evaporation chamber 30, interfaced by the gasket 39, e.g. a silicone gasket.
  • a heating element 50 may, as described below, be contact with the bottom of the end product container 40. The end product container 40 and the heating element 50 is pressed up against the gasket 39 and evaporation chamber 30 with a force such that the system is gas-tight.
  • the evaporation chamber 30 comprises an inlet 31 for a solution received from the extraction chamber 20.
  • the inlet 31 (solution inlet) is in fluid connection with the extraction chamber 20 via second fluid conduit 102.
  • the fluid inlet 31 is provided through the sidewall 30”” of the main part 30a of the evaporation chamber 40 at the upper end 30” thereof.
  • the evaporation chamber 30 also comprises an outlet 32, the outlet 32 being in fluid communication with the pump 60, e.g. via the third and fourth fluid conduits 103, 104 as described above.
  • the outlet 32 allows the pump 60 to provide a vacuum to the evaporation chamber 30. It further allows the evacuation of evaporated solvent from any solution that has entered the evaporation chamber 30.
  • the outlet 32 is provided through the sidewall 30”” of the main part 30a of the evaporation chamber 40 at the upper end 30” thereof.
  • aeration port 38 is also shown in Fig. 4.
  • the aeration port 38 is provided through the sidewall 30”” of the main part 30a of the evaporation chamber 40 at the upper end 30” thereof.
  • the aeration port 38 is in fluid communication with the evaporation chamber aeration conduit 108. Air/gas flow through the evaporation chamber aeration conduit 108 is controlled by the evaporation aeration valve.
  • the aeration port 38 allows to aerate the evaporation chamber 30.
  • the extraction chamber 20 is sized and shaped to house 40- 45 grams, such as 42 grams of cannabis, and the extraction chamber 20 in such cases is configured to have a column volume of 150 mL (milliliter), where the solvent flow is of about 0.1-10 times the column volume per minute, then the total solvent use may be set to 0.5-2 times the column volumes (of the extraction chamber 20). This means that the evaporation must be able to receive 0.5-2 times the column volumes (of the extraction chamber 20).
  • the evaporation chamber 30 and end product container 40 should be sized and shaped, such that the total volume of the two is 2 times the column volumes (of the extraction chamber 20), and a small extra volume, for example such that the total volume of the evaporation chamber 30 and end product container 40 is 2.5-3 times the column volume (of the extraction chamber 20).
  • the evaporation chamber’s 30 function is firstly to receive the solution 4 of solvent and extracted plant oils from the extraction chamber 20.
  • the obtained solution 4 may be retrieved from the evaporation chamber 30 and used as is, or stored, or transported to some post treatment.
  • the evaporation chamber 30 is further configured to strip the solvent from the extracted alcohol/oi I solution 4, by evaporating the solvent content of the solution 4, and thereby retaining the plant oils (such as cannabinoids and terpenes) in the evaporation chamber 30.
  • the evaporation chamber may be provided with a heater 50.
  • the heater 50 may heat the solution 4, which is contained in the evaporation chamber 30, whereby the solvent part of the solution is will evaporate and escape via the above mentioned outlet 32.
  • such a heater may be provided in a bottom wall, or in the lower portion of the sidewall 30”” of the evaporation chamber 30.
  • a heater is preferably provided under the end product container 40.
  • the heater 50 may be connected to or forming a part of the container holder 37.
  • the process of heating the solution 40 and removing the resulting solvent gasses in the evaporating chamber 40 may be referred to as distilling, or condensation.
  • the pump 60 can reduce the pressure of the evaporation chamber 30, if, for example, the second 202 and the evaporation aeration valve 208 are closed off.
  • the pressure in the evaporation chamber 30 during distillation is controlled to 0.1- 0.5 atm. (atmosphere). This results in a lowering of the boiling point of the solvent part of the solution 4.
  • the solvent is preferably isopropanol or ethanol.
  • the boiling point maybe to between and 30 and 62 degrees Celsius.
  • the end product container 40 is preferably made of a heat-conducting material, such as glass, metal, or ceramics.
  • the end product container 40 is placed on the bottom heater 50 that is firmly pressed against the end product container 40, when the user inserts the end product container 40, whereby energy transfer from the heater 50 to the solution 4 is facilitated.
  • the heater 50 provided at the bottom of the end product container 40 can transfer energy to the solution 5 through the end product container 40.
  • the plant oils extracted from the plant material 3 in the extraction chamber 20 remains in the end product container 40, which may be removed from the extraction device 1 by unscrewing the container holder.
  • Flows into and out of the evaporation chamber 30 may be controlled as provided in the following.
  • the solution 4 of solvent and plant oils (alcohol, cannabinoids, and terpenes) is sucked into the evaporation chamber 30 from the extraction chamber 20 via the second fluid conduit 102 through the solution inlet 31, and the flow is controlled by the first control valve, which maybe either the second valve 202 or the first valve 201, and by controlling pump 60 speed setting.
  • the first control valve which maybe either the second valve 202 or the first valve 201, and by controlling pump 60 speed setting.
  • the evaporation aeration valve 208 can be opened and let atmospheric air in through the evaporation chamber aeration conduit 108 and passing through the aeration port 38. Aeration, is also needed when the condensation is complete, and the vacuum needs to be relieved to remove the end product container 40.
  • the vacuum pump 60 is in fluid communication with the gas outlet 32 of the evaporation chamber 30.
  • the evaporated solvent is removed through this outlet.
  • the first control valve - in alternative embodiments - may be either the first valve 201 provided in the first fluid conduit 101 or the second valve 202 provided in the second fluid conduit 102.
  • the extraction device comprises both.
  • the first valve 201 controls the flow of pure solvent 2 from the solvent reservoir 10 to the extraction chamber 20.
  • the purpose of the first valve 201 is to control the solvent 2 flow through the extraction chamber 20 before the solvent front reaches the second 202, and to ensure that the flow does not reverse once the second valve 202 is closed to initialize distillation/condensation.
  • the first valve 201 may operate in parallel connection with the extraction aeration valve 207, as the first valve 201 is configured for allowing the solvent to pass through the extraction chamber 20, whereas the extraction aeration valve 207 is configured for passing air through the extraction column 20.
  • the extraction aeration valve 207 controls the flow of clean air from the atmosphere into the extraction chamber 20.
  • the valve is in fluid connection with the extraction chamber 20.
  • the purpose of the valve is to relieve pressure difference in the extraction chamber 20, and allow air to flow through instead of extraction solvent 2 to ensure all solvent is removed from the plant material (cannabis feedstock) 3 once the extraction phase is complete.
  • the second valve 202 may be used as both a liquid throttle valve and a gas gate valve (on/off).
  • the second valve 202 valve is open during the phase, where the solvent passes through the extraction chamber 20 before the solution 4 reaches the second valve 202. Once the plant oil/solvent solution 4 reaches the second valve 202 is operated as a throttle in a manner to control the solution flow into the evaporation chamber 30.
  • both the second valve 202 and the evaporation aeration valve 208 are closed, and the pump 60 is turned on. This will cause the pressure to drop to a point where the solvent can be boiled off at a suitable temperature, condensing the solution 4 into the end product 5.
  • the evaporation aeration valve 208 is closed during most stages, but can optionally be used during the last part of the distillation/condensing/evaporation stage/phase.
  • the function of the evaporation aeration valve 208 is to let in fresh atmospheric air during the last distillation stages to remove any traces of solvent from end-product 5. It is furthermore used to equalize the pressure with the atmospheric pressure in the evaporation chamber 30 once the extraction and distillation process is done.
  • the heater 50 is suspended below the end product container 40.
  • the heater 50 may be a printed circuit board (PCB) with traces designed to give electric resistance, such that the appropriate power is emitted when AC or DC voltage is applied. It may further comprises a temperature sensing element 302 that can communicate the heater’s 50 actual temperature, for example to a control unit 410 (a CPU). In this case, the power consumed by the heater 50 is digitally controlled from the control unit 410.
  • the pump 60 can be any type, but preferably of the type diaphragm pump.
  • the solvent vapors from the evaporation chamber may in this case be distilled directly through the pump 60.
  • a flow of a minimum 1-10L/min is required for a decent distillation time.
  • the pump 60 should have the capacity to lower the pressure in the evaporation chamber 30 to 0.3 atm. or lower without heat applied to the solvent, and maintain 0.2 atm. during distillation to keep the temperature in the solvent low.
  • the pressure on the inlet side 61 of the pump 60 is generally low (0.2-0.5 atm. during distillation), and on the outlet side 62 (at the condenser 80), the pressure is slightly above 1 atm., thus actively driving the gas through the condenser 80.
  • the extraction device 1 may comprise a condenser 80 and in some embodiments also a pre-condenser 70, if it is desirable to condense the evaporated solvent vapors from the evaporation chamber 30 to a liquid state.
  • the condenser 80 and the pre-condenser 70 removes energy from the distilled/evaporated solvent vapors, such that the vapors condense back to a liquid state.
  • the purpose of the pre-condenser 70 is to lower the energy of the evaporated solvent and reduce the heat impact it has on the vacuum pump 60. This reduces the thermal requirements of the pump 60, and allows the use of inexpensive pumps.
  • the condenser 80 may comprise a set of channels formed in a heat conducting palate material, and is configured for exchanging heat with the surroundings in conventional way to reduce the temperature of the solvent flowing there through sufficiently to condense the solvent to fluid form - for example before the solvent is returned to the solvent reservoir for reuse.
  • the channels through the condenser 80 may be provided by flexible rubber tubing arranged between plates of the condenser 80 in order to reduce the number of connections between conduits of the extraction device 1. Similar consideration apply to the pre-condenser 70.
  • the condenser 80 is preferably provided in an outer surface of the housing (not shown) of the extraction device 1 , such as a rear surface.
  • the condenser 80 may form an outer surface or parts of an outer surface of the housing of the extraction device 1. Similar consideration apply to the pre-condenser 70.
  • the pump 60 forces the uncondensed gas and condensed liquid through the conduits of the condenser 80, and the conduits to and from the condenser 80.
  • a condenser temperature sensor 303 may be provided on the condenser 80.
  • the extraction device 1 as described above may in principle b controlled manually by a user, the user manually regulating the pump output and the temperature of the heater, and opening and closing the valves, possibly using input from the sensors mentioned above, provided that the sensors are connected to displays such that any measured values may be read by the user and used as input for the control.
  • the extraction device further comprises a control system 400 (indicated with dashed lines in Fig. 1).
  • the control system 400 comprises a control unit 410, for example a CPU.
  • the control unit 410 may be a digital minicomputer, which
  • the device’s sets the device’s outputs (valves open/close, , throttling valves, pump activity and heater activity) accordingly.
  • the control unit 410 can be based on any kind of microcontroller, singleboard computer, or full-fledged computer. It can run naked without an operating system or with an operating system, such as Linux, Windows, or RTOS.
  • the control unit 410 (CPU) is designed such that the hardware can interface in the devices input/output system.
  • the dashed lines 420 indicates commutation lines/control connections from the control unit 410 (CPU) to the valves 201 , 202, 203, 204, and to the heater 50 and to the pump 60, as well as commutation lines/control connections to the control unit 410 from the sensors 302, 303.
  • connection between the control unit 410 and the valves, sensors, heater, pump, etc. may be any suitable kind, such as wires, cables, or wirelessly.
  • the extraction device 1 may use a discrete number of stages to complete the extraction process. Each stage has a unique purpose and a unique set of trigger states.
  • the user removes the extraction chamber 20 from the extraction device 1 , and may clean it if required.
  • the plant material from which substances needs to be extracted from is cannabis then a portion of cannabis is prepared in the following manner: Larger stems are removed, and the resulting cannabis material is ground in a blender or similar device for a few seconds to obtain a plant granular size of less than 2-3 mm.
  • the plant material is placed in the extraction chamber 20 and compressed with a few kilograms of force by hand. More material is added until the extraction chamber 20 is full.
  • the extraction chamber 20 is placed back into the chamber receiving part 90 of the extraction device 1 , and the lid 24 of the extraction chamber 20 is closed.
  • the end product container 40 is placed in the evaporation chamber 30, and the lid 34 of the evaporation chamber 30 is closed.
  • the user activates the extraction device 1, e.g. by pressing a button or using another user interface.
  • control system 400 of the extraction device 1 may execute the following stages sequentially:
  • An automatic test may be performed before the extraction run to check all seals are intact. All the valves close, and the pressure in the evaporation chamber 30 is reduced to the limit of the pump 60. Once the limit is reached, the pump 60 is turned off. The control system 400 detects if there are any leaks present by monitoring the system pressure. If there is a rise in pressure above a set limit, a leak is detected, and the process is stopped.
  • This may be accomplished by activating the first valve 201 , the second valve 203 and the pump 60 to control solvent flow.
  • the flow of solvent through the extraction chamber 20 is controlled by the first valve 201 , the second valve 202, and the pump 60.
  • the flow is selected such that the contact time between the solvent 2 and plant feedstock (cannabis feedstock) 3 may be between 10 seconds and 10 minutes, depending on the material quality and texture.
  • the heater 50 may be used to increase temperature of end product 5 to convert THCA and CBDA to THC and CBD, if the feedstock 3 was cannabis.
  • the end product 5 may be heated to 140 degrees Celsius for 45 minutes in order to convert THCA and CBDA to THC and CBD.
  • the steps of the control stages of operating the extraction device may be operated by a program running on the control unit 400 of the control system 400.
  • a cannabis-based feedstock may be mixed with a pure solvent, such as ethanol, propanol, or isopropanol, in 90% or higher concentration in a container (extraction chamber 20).
  • a pure solvent such as ethanol, propanol, or isopropanol
  • the mixture may be stirred to evenly soak the cannabis-based feedstock in the solvent. After less than 500 seconds, the cannabis-based feedstock and the solvent are separated, for example, by filtering. Thereby, a solution 4 of cannabinoids is obtained, which has a high concentration of cannabinoids and terpenes but has a very low concentration of chlorophyll.
  • the method may further comprise subsequently distilling or evaporating the used solvent from the solution 4 of cannabinoids to concentrate the cannabinoids from the used solvent. Thereby, a cannabinoid oil may be obtained, having a high concentration of cannabinoids and terpenes but has a very low concentration of chlorophyll.
  • the method comprises separation of the cannabis-based feedstock and the solvent after no more than 100 seconds.
  • a method of extracting solution of cannabinoids such as an alcohol-based solution of cannabinoids of high cannabinoid concentration and low chlorophyll concentration may be obtained from a cannabisbased feedstock, when the method comprises passing a pure solvent through the cannabis-based feedstock at low contact times and separating the cannabinoid solution resulting from the contact between the solvent and the cannabis-based feedstock continuously.
  • cannabinoids such as an alcohol-based solution of cannabinoids of high cannabinoid concentration and low chlorophyll concentration
  • a first volume Vi of cannabis-based feedstock 3 may for example be arranged in an extraction chamber 20 having a chamber volume CV.
  • a pressure gradient may be provided at least across the extraction chamber 20 in order to force a pure solvent 2 from a solvent reservoir 10 into the extraction chamber 20.
  • cannabinoids from the cannabis-based feedstock 3 is dissolved in the solvent to create a solution 4 of cannabinoids.
  • the pressure gradient further forces the solution 4 of cannabinoids created in the extraction chamber 20 from the extraction chamber 20 and into a cannabinoid solution recipient chamber 30, which may be the same as the evaporation chamber 30 as described in connection with Figs. 1-4 above.
  • the pressure gradient could be provided over the solvent reservoir 10, the extraction chamber 20 and the recipient chamber 30.
  • the pressure gradient across the extraction column 20 is preferably controlled to force the pure solvent 2 and the solution 4 of cannabinoids to flow at a rate of 0.04 to 10 chamber volumes CV per minute from the solvent reservoir 10 to the recipient chamber 30.
  • a volume of 0.2 to 5 times the chamber volume CV of the pure solvent is forced through the feedstock 3 before the extraction process is terminated.
  • a process volume of the pure solvent 2 forced from solvent reservoir 10 is 0.5 to 3 times the chamber volume CV.
  • the flow rate of the solvent through the extraction chamber is 0.15 to 3 chamber volumes CV per minute.
  • the extraction chamber 20 may be a closed chamber such as cup-shaped container with a lid, such as illustrated in Fig. 10.
  • the cup-shaped container may comprise a bottom 28 and a sidewall 27, e.g., a cylindrical sidewall.
  • the lid 24 may be hermetically secured to the cup-shaped container, for example using a gasket 25.
  • the extraction chamber 20 comprises a solvent inlet 21 and a cannabinoid solution outlet 22.
  • the solvent inlet 21 may be connected to a solvent reservoir 10 via a fluid connection 101, for example a pipe or piece of flexible tube.
  • the cannabinoid solution outlet 22 from the extraction chamber is fluidly connected to the cannabinoid solution recipient chamber 30 by a suitable fluid connection 102, for example a pipe or piece of flexible tube.
  • the solvent inlet 21 may - in not shown embodiments - be located at the top of the extraction chamber 20 and the cannabinoid solution outlet 22 may be located in the bottom of the extraction chamber 20.
  • the extraction chamber 20 is vertically aligned, and the solvent inlet 21 is provided below the cannabinoid solution outlet 22.
  • the solvent inlet 21 may be provided through a lower portion of a sidewall 27 of the extraction chamber 20. However, in a preferred embodiment, the solvent inlet 21 is provided at the bottom 28 of the extraction chamber 20.
  • the cannabinoid solution outlet 22 may be formed through an upper portion of a sidewall 27. However, in a preferred embodiment the cannabinoid solution outlet 22 is formed at the top of the extraction chamber (20), preferably through the lid 24.
  • the solution 4 of cannabinoids may subsequently be distilled to condense the cannabinoids from the solvent, for example as described in connection with Figs. 1-4 above.
  • the basic concept of this aspect of the invention is to control the contact time between the cannabis feedstock (3) and the solvent (2) closely. This control may in principle be achieved using very simple means. For example, the time may be kept, using a simple handheld stop watch.
  • the volumes involved may be controlled, for example, via volume markings provided on the solvent reservoir 10. In other embodiments, the time and volume may be controlled for example by a control system 400, as described in connection with Figs. 1-4 above.
  • Providing the pressure gradient across the extraction chamber 20 (or the solvent reservoir 10, the extraction chamber 20, and the recipient chamber 30) may be provided using a pump, for example, any kind of manually operated pump.
  • the method may be carried out using an extraction apparatus 1 comprising an extraction chamber 20, fluidly connected to a solvent reservoir 10, and a cannabinoid solution recipient chamber 30.
  • the extraction apparatus 1 may further comprise a pump 60, such as an electrically driven pump, of a known fixed capacity or variable capacity.
  • a clock such as a stopwatch.
  • the extraction apparatus 1 comprises a pump 60, fluidly connected to an outlet of the recipient chamber 30.
  • the extraction apparatus 1 may further comprise a control I er/control unit 410, connected to the pump 60, and configured to control the pump 60.
  • This control may be provided by suitable software running on the controller.
  • the extraction apparatusl may further comprise a flow sensor 401 arranged in the flow path of the pure solvent 2 and solution 4 of cannabinoids.
  • the flow sensor 401 is connected to the controller 410 and configured for measuring a flow and transferring information indicative of the flow to the controller 410.
  • the controller 400 is configured for receiving flow information from the flow sensor 401 , and for controlling the pump 60, based on the information from the flow sensor.
  • the pump may be a peristaltic pump 60.
  • the peristaltic pump may be arranged after the solvent reservoir 10 and before the extraction chamber 20 as illustrated in Fig. 11.
  • the pump may be a diaphragm air pump 60.
  • the diaphragm air pump 60 may be arranged to press the solvent through the solvent reservoir 10, the extraction chamber 20, and the recipient chamber 30, as illustrated in Fig. 12.
  • the method according to this aspect of the invention may be performed in connection with the methods and extraction apparatus 1 , described in connection with Figs. 1-4 above.
  • the graph shown in Fig. 5 shows how 90% of the available cannabinoids are extracted in around 40 seconds in a first, simple experiment, where isopropanol is in contact with cannabis flower in a container with mild agitation.
  • the graph shown in Fig. 6 sums up how the desirable cannabinoids (CBD in the experiment case) and undesirable chlorophyll kinetics (chlorophyll a+b) relate to one another.
  • CBD cannabinoids
  • chlorophyll a+b undesirable chlorophyll kinetics
  • the total amount of CBD extracted in the experiment was 108 mg from the cannabis sample.
  • the ratio of chlorophyll to CBD is 37 pg chlorophyll per 1 g CBD.
  • the amount is so low that it is undetectable as a bittering or coloring agent for the end-user. With applied cooling the ratio will be marginally lower.
  • the minimal reduction in the ratio of CBD to chlorophyll will have absolutely no importance for the quality of the end product. This means that our invention will provide a similar quality extract without using cooling and provide a more cost-effective end-user solution.
  • the present invention is based on the significant difference in solubility kinetics between cannabinoids and chlorophyl.
  • the cannabis feedstock In atypical batch extraction system, the cannabis feedstock must be extracted several times with alcohol to ensure a high extraction yield. Such procedure will increase the amount of chlorophyll present in the end material because of higher solvent contact time.
  • the system utilizes a tightly packed extraction chamber 20of an extraction column, where solvent is passed through the plant feedstock 3, effectively creating a liquid front with a very high cannabinoid concentration and a minimal chlorophyll content. Further, the total amount of pure solvent (alcohol) 2 used this way is several magnitudes lower than when using batch extraction.
  • the solvent has been passed through an extraction chamber 20 of an extraction column, where the extraction chamber 20 is packed with dried, finely pulverized cannabis plant material.
  • the experiment was performed under three different flowrates: 40, 13, and 6.7 mL/minute, corresponding to 4.44, 1.48, and 0.74 extraction chamber volumes, i.e., chamber volumes(V 2 ) per minute.
  • a pressure gradient ensures that the solvent at room temperature is passed through an extraction chamber 20 of a column packed with granulated dried cannabis plant at a flow rate of 0.5 to 4 columns volumes per minute and the eluent from the column is collected in a container.
  • heat is subsequently applied to the container to remove all of the solvent from the extracted cannabinoids and terpenes
  • heat is subsequently applied to the container to ensure all of the solvents is removed from the extracted cannabinoids and terpenes.
  • the solvent vapors are subsequently condensed and returned to the original solvent container.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'extraction (1), destiné à l'extraction à base de solvant d'huiles végétales (5) à partir de matière végétale, comprenant • un réservoir de solvant (10) pour le stockage d'un solvant (2) ; • une chambre d'extraction (20), conçue pour contenir un volume de matière végétale (3) et reliée fluidiquement au réservoir de solvant (10) par un premier conduit de fluide (101) ; • une chambre d'évaporation (30) reliée de manière fluidique à la chambre d'extraction (20) en aval de celle-ci par un second conduit de fluide (102) ; • une pompe (60) reliée fluidiquement à la chambre d'évaporation (30) ; et • une première vanne de commande (201, 202) agencée en amont de ladite chambre d'évaporation (30), ladite pompe (60) étant conçue pour appliquer un vide.
PCT/EP2021/085507 2020-12-11 2021-12-13 Dispositif d'extraction pour extraction d'huile végétale et procédé d'extraction WO2022123082A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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