WO2022120508A1 - Système et procédé de protection structurale pour bâtiments de faible hauteur - Google Patents

Système et procédé de protection structurale pour bâtiments de faible hauteur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022120508A1
WO2022120508A1 PCT/CL2020/050176 CL2020050176W WO2022120508A1 WO 2022120508 A1 WO2022120508 A1 WO 2022120508A1 CL 2020050176 W CL2020050176 W CL 2020050176W WO 2022120508 A1 WO2022120508 A1 WO 2022120508A1
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Prior art keywords
low
rise buildings
profiles
energy
protection system
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Application number
PCT/CL2020/050176
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Guillermo GARCIA BARRENECHE
Original Assignee
Universidad Diego Portales
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Priority to PCT/CL2020/050176 priority Critical patent/WO2022120508A1/fr
Publication of WO2022120508A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022120508A1/fr

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground

Definitions

  • the present invention focuses on the field of systems for seismic protection or other external vibrations that may affect the construction of low-rise buildings, in general, it refers to an attachable device that allows absorbing and localizing the energy caused by a tremor caused by nature or by human beings, thus protecting the buildings and reducing the structural damage that an event, such as a seismic event, may cause.
  • Damping, insulation and energy dissipation systems are systems that are part of or are attached to the construction structures of skyscrapers, buildings, bridges, shopping malls, airports, among others. These allow the structure to be protected, for example, from earthquakes, vibrations, winds, that affect the structure, increasing the periods and providing additional damping and energy absorption, reducing its deformations as the case may be.
  • seismic isolation consists of decoupling the structure from the sub-structure, for which devices called isolators are used, which are strategically located in specific parts of the structure, which, in a seismic event, provide the structure with sufficient flexibility to differentiate as much as possible the natural period of the structure with the natural period of the earthquake, preventing resonance from occurring, which could cause severe damage or collapse of the structure
  • isolators devices used
  • seismic dissipation is one of the essential parts in seismic protection, the function of dissipators is to dissipate accumulations of energy, ensuring that other elements of the structure are not over-exerted, which could cause severe damage to the structure.
  • patent application CL 201703404 mentions a metal energy dissipator, built in a modular way to reduce vibrations in structures induced by earthquakes, wind, and other sources, comprising at least one module consisting of two parallel load plates, between which a variable number of U-shaped metal heat sinks are connected, which deform relatively between the load plates, either vertically or horizontally, in which said load plates are connected to a structure between two points that undergo a relative deformation due to their vibration.
  • this document does not explicitly state that energy dissipators can be easily replaced after an event, nor is it shown a wall or partition that contains adequate socket space for a replaceable energy dissipator.
  • Patent application WO 2013/059952 mentions a device for the dissipation of energy in structures produced by earthquakes, winds or any other natural or artificial cause of vibrations that allows partitions to be transformed into elements that contribute to dissipating energy, improving the dynamic response of structures.
  • said device comprises a partition formed by external plates, which cover its internal structure of the partition formed by vertical elements or uprights and elements horizontal or lower and upper channels, where the lower channel is attached to the floor by means of a fixing system; at least one sink to which the upper channel is attached and which is connected to the floor slab top or to the ceiling of the structure where the partition is installed using a fixing system.
  • this document does not explicitly state that energy dissipators can be easily replaced after an event, nor is it shown a wall or partition that contains adequate socket space for a replaceable energy dissipator.
  • Patent application CN 103669637 indicates an improved replaceable coupling beam for energy dissipation, whose purpose is to provide seismic resistance to structures in high-rise buildings.
  • the replaceable coupling beam is made up of a non-sag section and a replaceable section.
  • the replaceable section is formed by connecting a lead core rubber damper and two “U” type steel plates in parallel, whereby the two “U” type steel plates are arranged symmetrically on the upper and lower side of the shock absorber. lead cored rubber and are fixedly connected with an end plate of the lead cored rubber damper.
  • Patent application CN 106193360 describes a type of removable mild steel damper that can overcome the film effect caused by an earthquake.
  • the shock absorber includes a steel plate that absorbs dissipated energy and a ribbed connecting plate, where the steel plate is embedded, at its upper and lower ends, in the upper ribbed connecting plate and in a lower ribbed connecting plate.
  • a pressure plate fixes the lower end of the steel plate into the opening groove of the corresponding lower grooved connecting plate by means of bolts.
  • This configuration is convenient for steel plate disassembly as it facilitates shock absorber repair.
  • it does not describe the type of wall or partition of which the heat sinks are a part, nor the fitting space for the device itself in the wall or partition.
  • Patent application CN 106401003 discloses a mild steel energy dissipation device for work in various states.
  • the device comprises a top plate, a base plate, an inner layer including an energy absorbing part, and multi-surface outer layers including a plurality of energy absorbing parts.
  • the inner layer energy absorbing piece is longitudinally disposed between the top plate and the base plate; and the energy-absorbing parts of the outer layers are arranged transversely between the top plate and the base plate, and are perpendicular to the energy-absorbing part of the inner layer.
  • said device has the capacity to be replaceable within the structure.
  • Patent application CN 203769109 discloses a mild steel damper that combines several flexibility stages, which comprises at least one stepped deformation member and a plurality of deformation bending members in a single stage.
  • the stepped strain element comprises a low strain point mild steel rectangular plate with at least two stress relief holes and two first energy absorbing X-shaped mild steel sheets; each single-stage flexing member comprises a second energy-absorbing “X”-shaped mild steel sheet.
  • the first “X”-shaped energy-absorbing mild steel sheets and the second “X”-shaped energy-absorbing mild steel sheets have low initial stiffness, small shear displacement, and can also enter quickly. in a creep stage before large earthquakes and function to dissipate energy.
  • Step deformation members and single-stage deformation bending members can be optionally combined according to requirements, and they are simple and convenient to use, replace and repair.
  • said system does not describe the type of wall or partition of which the heat sinks are a part, nor does it describe the fitting space for the device itself in the wall or partition.
  • seismic protection systems or for any type of natural event that causes vibrations in low-rise buildings, such as: hurricanes, storms and gusts of wind, or events caused by human beings, such as collisions or vehicle crashes, where the main function of said system is to concentrate the damage in limited and replaceable points.
  • vibrations in low-rise buildings such as: hurricanes, storms and gusts of wind
  • human beings such as collisions or vehicle crashes
  • the main function of said system is to concentrate the damage in limited and replaceable points.
  • current systems are all designed for large buildings, which range from indexed at various points of the structure and that makes them difficult to replace and with high implementation costs, therefore, they are not even accessible for small houses, small apartments or for the common citizen.
  • the present invention aims at a protection system and method for low-rise buildings that, in the event of events caused by nature or the human being, concentrates possible damages at points estimated for this purpose, protecting and limiting structural damage to the building.
  • the system is comprised of a wall made of profiles and, at a central point of the wall, there is a space adapted to house a replaceable energy dissipating box, made of a material capable of dissipating energy.
  • the method It involves locating these heat sinks at different points in the building and housed in another structural element such as walls or mezzanine structures, to protect it from vibration damage.
  • the elements in which the heat sinks are housed must be lightweight construction systems made of steel, wood or similar materials.
  • the present invention makes it possible to solve this problem, by means of a system of replaceable seismic protection units that are located in various parts of the building and that act as a fuse that absorbs (and locates) the damage generated by the earthquake and that, at the end of the earthquake, it is easy to replace.
  • FIG. 1 Scheme of the System and use and replacement of the heat sinks.
  • the protection system for low-rise buildings is shown.
  • A it look at the parts of the system.
  • B the attachment and replacement of the heatsink within the system is indicated.
  • FIG. 2 Mounting of the heatsink.
  • the different views of the energy dissipating box for its assembly are shown.
  • A a front view is shown.
  • B a side view is shown.
  • C a top view is shown.
  • D an isometric view is shown.
  • FIG. 3 Reference locations for heatsinks.
  • a low-rise building (house) is shown, made up of walls with profiles in which the energy dissipators are attached.
  • FIG. 4 Heatsink with 4 profiles 60CA085. A heatsink design is shown, with the assembly of 4 profiles 60CA085- Ansys R14.5.
  • Figure 5 Force/Strain graph in 60CA085 profiles, linear. A graph is represented with the data obtained from the linear deformation tests, in 60CA085 profiles.
  • Figure 6 Force/Strain plot on 60CA085, non-linear. A graph is represented with the data obtained from the non-linear deformation tests, in 60CA085 profiles.
  • FIG. 7 Heatsink with 4 50C2 profiles. A heatsink design is shown, with the mounting of 4 50C2 profiles.
  • Figure 8 Force/Strain graph in 50C2 profiles, linear. A graph is represented with the data obtained from the linear deformation tests, in 50C2 profiles.
  • Figure 9 Force/Strain graph in 50C2 profiles, non-linear. A graph is represented with the data obtained from the non-linear deformation tests, in 50C2 profiles.
  • FIG. 10 Power dissipation graphs, in both configurations. Comparative graphs are represented, with the data obtained from the non-linear deformation tests in both types of profiles.
  • low-rise building refers to any type of building or structure that is not many stories high, for example, no more than four stories. These types of buildings correspond, for example to houses, condominiums, blocks, small buildings, sheds, commercial premises, among others.
  • the term "profile” refers to a type of structural products or beams, in the case of metal profiles, these are generated by hot rolling, however, other types of profiles are known in the art. market (such as wood). These profiles are used in construction, where they are joined to form structures (for example, walls) and build structures of different sizes. Within the profiles we find different shapes according to their side view, for example, those that have the shape of the letter "C", “I”, “H”, “L”, as well as, with square or circular shapes, among others. . In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the profiles used are made of aluminium.
  • the term "energy dissipator” corresponds to special devices that are introduced in a structure, in order to reduce the deformations and stresses on it. These devices reduce the demand for deformation and stresses produced by forces. (for example, an earthquake), by increasing the structural damping, which results in the stresses induced by the external force in the structure (for example, an earthquake), can be up to 50% smaller than those corresponding to the structure without dissipators, substantially reducing the inelastic incursions (damage) of the structure.
  • forces for example, an earthquake
  • a structure without energy dissipators survives the severe earthquake by dissipating energy in its main elements, which suffer damage. Instead, the structure with dissipators, the energy is absorbed by these devices significantly reducing deformations and structural damage.
  • elastomeric material refers to materials formed by polymers, which are joined by chemical bonds, acquiring a slightly crosslinked final structure.
  • the main characteristic of elastomers is their high elongation or elasticity. and flexibility that these materials have against loads before fracturing or breaking.
  • These elastomers are amorphous polymers that are above their glass transition temperature (Tg), which explains this considerable deformation capacity.
  • Tg glass transition temperature
  • thermosetting elastomers which at heating them do not melt or deform
  • thermoplastic elastomers which melt and deform when heated.
  • the term "foamed cement” corresponds to an ultralight, homogeneous cement consisting of a base cement slurry, gas (usually nitrogen), and surfactants. Foamed cements are commonly used to cement wells that penetrate weak rock or formations with low fracture gradients. It has a cement-based suspension, with a minimum of 20% (by volume) of foam dragged into the mortar, has a density that generally varies from 400 kg/m 3 to 1600 kg/m 3 and is produced exclusively from raw materials. natural raw materials, so it is made up of water, sand, cement and air. It is also known as cellular concrete, lightweight cellular concrete (LCC), and low-density cellular concrete (LCBD).
  • LCC lightweight cellular concrete
  • LCBD low-density cellular concrete
  • collapsible material refers to a type of material, which, in the face of physical changes or external forces, produces a sudden reduction of its volume considerably, which leads to said material deforming or “collapsing”, to absorb the impact of said external force, allowing to protect and maintain the structure intact, in which said collapsible material is immersed.
  • the term "event of nature” refers to some natural disaster that can deform the dissipator, such as: seismic movements, hurricanes, taken, shock waves from volcanic eruptions, landslides or slopes hills, among others.
  • human event refers to some human intervention disaster that can deform the heatsink, such as: a shock, a fall of a heavy object, medium / low power explosions , among other.
  • the invention comprises a box that has thin sheet profiles inside.
  • the function of this box is to be installed at various points (various boxes) of the housing structure (designed for this purpose).
  • the profiles of said box would act as fuses, concentrating the damage of the structure there. Said boxes (after the seismic event) would be replaced by others until the next event.
  • one of the advantages of the invention is that it addresses the problem of protecting ordinary homes and small buildings that do not have seismic protection systems from seismic events, since current solutions to mitigate earthquakes they are always intended for large buildings, which makes them expensive to implement, and they are designed to be linked within the base structure of large buildings, which makes them difficult to replace.
  • this system considered as a whole, allows the constructions made with this system to be protected against possible dangers from the beginning of the construction, where, as exemplified in the figures, the constructions of walls based on aluminum profiles are increasingly used (given their low cost), therefore, the fact that these energy dissipating boxes are attached to the different walls or slabs of the construction, using the same materials, allows future constructions, towns, neighborhoods, houses, among others, have a protection system against external forces, for example earthquakes, something that in Chile, being a seismic country, there is no regulation that requires that housing constructions have energy dissipation protection systems, since anti-seismic protection systems are only required for energy dissipation or damping for large and differences.
  • this invention is a simple and economical solution to carry out, which does not require major interventions to the construction structures.
  • the same construction materials are used, which allows the generation of a low-cost attachable device, which is also replaceable after it fulfills its function, which will help to massify seismic protection in homes and low-rise buildings, which was an unsolved problem in the previous state of the art.
  • FIG 1 the protection system for low-rise buildings is represented that, in the event of events caused by nature or the human being, concentrates the possible damages in points estimated for this purpose.
  • Figure 1A the parts of the system are indicated, which is comprised of a wall (10), made up of profiles and at a central point of the wall, a space (20) is arranged, adapted to house an energy dissipating box.
  • said wall (10) is made up of profiles, which shape an external frame (11), internal profiles (12), which connect the profiles of the external frame, diagonal profiles (13), which start from each internal angle of the frame and end in the space (20), which houses the dissipating box (30).
  • the internal profiles (12) are in a vertical arrangement.
  • said internal profiles (12) may be in a horizontal arrangement, and in another embodiment of the invention, the internal profiles (12) may be combined in a vertical and horizontal arrangement.
  • the material capable of dissipating energy of the dissipating box (30) corresponds to metal sheets, although it is not limited only to this material, since, in other embodiments of the invention, the material capable of dissipating energy from the dissipating box (30), it can be chosen from an elastomeric material, or a foamed cement.
  • the profiles (11, 12, 13) that form the wall (10), are preferably metallic and have a quadrilateral shape, where said profiles (11, 12, 13), can have a type "C", type "I” or type "H", but in a preferred embodiment of the invention, they are metallic of type "C". Even so, this is not limited only to metal profiles, since, for a technician in the area, profiles of other materials known in the art can be used, so the profiles (11, 12, 13) can be, for example, made of wood and quadrilateral in shape.
  • Figure 1 B shows that the space (20), of the protection system for low-rise buildings according to the invention, is adapted to house the energy dissipating box (30), which has the shape of a quadrilateral, where the arrows in bold of the panels of figure 1 B indicate: i) As the energy dissipating box (30), it is inserted in the space (20) (left panel); i) Then, the energy dissipating box (30) is left positioned in the space (20) waiting for some event caused by nature or the human being, so that it concentrates the possible damages in points of the structure (panel center) and; iii) Finally, when said event took place, and the energy dissipating box (30), was deformed absorbing the damage, it is removed from the space (20) and replaced by a new box (right panel).
  • the space (20) adapted to house the energy dissipating box (30) can be found centered or to the vertical axis of the wall (10), or to the axis horizontal axis of the wall (10), or centered on both the vertical and horizontal axis of the wall (10).
  • the energy dissipating box (30) has a quadrilateral shape, which allows it to fit exactly with the quadrilateral of the housing space (20) in the wall (10).
  • the energy dissipating box (30) in a preferred embodiment of the invention, has metal sheets (31) in a vertical position.
  • said metal sheets (31) can be in a horizontal position.
  • This dissipating box (30), indicated in figures 2A-D, is made up of steel plates in the upper and lower part whose function is to distribute the deformations produced by the horizontal loads in the C-shaped or any other dissipating element.
  • said C profiles will be located in the central part and will be fixed to the distributor plates through self-drilling screws.
  • the dissipation of energy then occurs (in this case) when said profiles C suffer deformations such that their material enters the inelastic range.
  • This incursion with cyclic loads (or whose effect is on the structure) generates energy dissipation.
  • said heatsink must be replaced by one with similar characteristics. Schematically, this replacement process is presented in Figure 3.
  • the energy dissipating box (30) can include connection elements, to which pull devices (32) can be coupled for removing the box (for example, a handle), as shown in Figure 2B-D, showing the different views of the energy dissipating box (30).
  • the invention also aims to protect the method for the protection and limitation of structural damage in low-rise buildings, where, Figure 3, shows a low-rise building structure (house), which is made up of the system of the present invention, where said structure has walls (10), made up of profiles, and where it can be seen in the circles and dates of figure 3, where the energy dissipating boxes (30) are attached, in the different walls of the edification.
  • Figure 3 shows a low-rise building structure (house), which is made up of the system of the present invention, where said structure has walls (10), made up of profiles, and where it can be seen in the circles and dates of figure 3, where the energy dissipating boxes (30) are attached, in the different walls of the edification.
  • the method comprises arranging an energy dissipating box (30), with collapsible material at a central point of a wall (10) of profiles (11, 12, 13); in the event of an event of nature, concentrate the structural damage on the energy dissipating box (30); and replace the energy dissipating box (30) that has absorbed the damage, with a new dissipating box (30) with similar characteristics to the original one.
  • the method allows, by coupling a series of dissipators located at different points of the building and housed (in all cases) in another structural element such as walls or mezzanine structures, to dissipate the energy in a better way, where the elements in the that the heat sinks are housed, they must be light construction systems in steel, aluminum, wood or similar.
  • the method comprises that the profiles (11, 12, 13), with which the structure is formed, are metallic and form type "C", type "I” or type "H".
  • the method comprises that the profiles (11, 12, 13) can be made of wood and their shape is quadrilateral, and where the method considers that the material capable of dissipating energy from the dissipating box (30) is select between; metal sheets (31), elastomeric material, or a foamed cement.
  • Example 1 Heatsink with 4 profiles 60CA085.
  • a heatsink with profiles 60CA085 (or also called C63 profiles).
  • This type of heatsink is made up of two 60CA085 profiles oriented on the X+ axis and two profiles oriented on the X- axis, as shown in figure 4.
  • Table 1 Results of the measurement of the non-linear behavior of the heatsink under test with 63CA085 profiles.
  • Example 2 Heatsink with 4 50C2 profiles.
  • a heatsink with 50C2 profiles is evaluated.
  • This type of heatsink is made up of two 50C2 profiles oriented on the X+ axis and two profiles oriented on the X- axis, as shown in figure 7.
  • Figure 10 provides a comparison between the two configurations of profiles used, where the configurations evaluated had the purpose of establishing a frame of reference for the custom design of dissipators and according to the demands of horizontal forces that the structure has and in particular, the component that moves the dissipator away.
  • Graphs A and B of Figure 10 show the sectors that generate energy dissipation. In this way, it is concluded that both configurations are capable of dissipating energy from horizontal loads that generate a cyclic action in the structure.
  • the C63 profiles it is estimated that these would be close to failure under the loads and number of cycles selected.
  • the 50C2 profiles it can be interpreted that this configuration with the selected loads and cycles (different from those of the C63 profiles), would be starting even far from reaching failure.
  • the examples and description of the previous invention support the protection system and method for low-rise buildings which, proving to have a technical advantage over the prior art, since a box-shaped anti-seismic device with coupled profiles of different types, which is removable, inexpensive, easy to handle, and is designed to comply with the protection of low-rise constructions (such as the houses of common people), had not been described in this way. form in the prior state of the art. Therefore, the scope of the system described in the present invention should not be limited only to the components mentioned in the text or the figures, since other designs and conformations of the invention can be given from the detailed description herein.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé de protection structurale pour bâtiments de faible hauteur qui, face à des tremblements provoqués par la nature ou l'être humain, concentre les éventuels dommages en des points prévus à cet effet, protégeant et limitant les dommages structuraux du bâtiment. Le système est constitué d'un mur (10), formé de profilés (11, 12, 13) et en un point central du mur (10), se situe un espace (20), conçu pour loger un boîtier dissipateur d'énergie (30), remplaçable, formé d'un matériau apte à dissiper l'énregie. Le procédé implique de placer ces dissipateurs en différents points du bâtiment et logés (dans tous les cas) dans un autre élément structural comme des murs ou des structures d'entresol, pour protéger contre les dommages. Il est à noter que les éléments dans lesquels sont logés les dissipateurs doivent être des systèmes de construction légère en acier, bois ou analogues.
PCT/CL2020/050176 2020-12-13 2020-12-13 Système et procédé de protection structurale pour bâtiments de faible hauteur WO2022120508A1 (fr)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003106006A (ja) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-09 Ohbayashi Corp 制振構造
WO2007032300A1 (fr) * 2005-09-13 2007-03-22 Misawa Homes Co., Ltd. Panneau mural amortissant les vibrations
US20140000185A1 (en) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-02 National Cheng Kung University Composite damper
CN111119364A (zh) * 2020-01-12 2020-05-08 大连理工大学 一种性能可控的波纹型式可更换消能装置

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003106006A (ja) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-09 Ohbayashi Corp 制振構造
WO2007032300A1 (fr) * 2005-09-13 2007-03-22 Misawa Homes Co., Ltd. Panneau mural amortissant les vibrations
US20140000185A1 (en) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-02 National Cheng Kung University Composite damper
CN111119364A (zh) * 2020-01-12 2020-05-08 大连理工大学 一种性能可控的波纹型式可更换消能装置

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