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  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4375—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a six-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. quinolizines, naphthyridines, berberine, vincamine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
  • A61K31/4709—Non-condensed quinolines and containing further heterocyclic rings
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  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/498—Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- and peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. quinoxaline, phenazine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/50—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines
  • A61K31/501—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
  • A61K31/538—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates to therapeutically active compounds useful in the treatment of a steroid receptor, such as androgen receptor (AR) or estrogen receptor (ER), dependent conditions and diseases, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.
• a steroid receptor such as androgen receptor (AR) or estrogen receptor (ER)
• AR androgen receptor
• ER estrogen receptor
• Prostate cancer for example, is worldwide one of the most common cancers in men. Even though the 5 -year survival rate of patients with localized prostate cancer is high, the prognosis for those patients, who develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) within that 5 -year follow-up period, is poor.
• CRPC castration-resistant prostate cancer
• the androgen receptor (AR) signalling axis is critical in all stages of prostate cancer.
• CRPC stage replication resistant prostate cancer
• disease is characterized by high AR expression, AR amplification and persistent activation of the AR signalling axis by residual tissue/tumor androgens and by other steroid hormones and intermediates of steroid biosynthesis.
• ADT androgen deprivation therapy
• GnRH gonadotropin-releasing hormone
• AR antagonists such as abiraterone acetate in combination with prednisone
• Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 11A1 (CYP11A1), also called cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, is a mitochondrial monooxygenase which catalyses the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, the precursor of all steroid hormones.
• CYP11A1 the key enzyme of steroid biosynthesis upstream of CYP17A1, the total block of the whole steroid biosynthesis can be achieved.
• CYP11A1 inhibitors may therefore have a great potential for treating steroid hormone dependent cancers, including prostate cancer, even in advanced stages of the disease, and especially in those patients who appear to be hormone refractory.
• CYP11A1 inhibitory effect significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo in a murine CRPC xenograft model (Oksala, R. et al, Annals of Oncology, (2017) 28 (suppl. 5): Abstract/Poster 28P).
• CYP11A1 inhibitors have been described earlier in WO 2018/115591.
• compounds of formula (I) are potent CYP11 Al inhibitors.
• the compounds of the invention are therefore particularly useful as medicaments in the treatment of steroid hormone dependent conditions and diseases where CYP11A1 inhibition is desired.
• Such conditions and diseases include, but are not limited to, endocrine cancers and diseases, such as prostate cancer and breast cancer.
• the compounds of the invention are useful in the treatment of AR dependent conditions and diseases including prostate cancer.
• the present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein
• B is any of the following groups wherein when B is group (1) or (2) then
• A is a 3-10 membered carbocyclic ring or a 4-12 membered heterocyclic ring containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from O, N or S;
• G 1 is CH 2 , NH or O
• G 2 and G 3 are, independently, is CH or N;
• Z is -C(O)-, -SO 2 -, -C 1-3 alkyl- or -CH 2 -C(O)-;
• L is a bond, -C 1-7 alkyl- or -C 1-7 alkenyl-;
• R 1 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl, C 1-7 alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, halogen C 1-7 alkyl, hydroxy C 1-7 alkyl, -O-halogen C 1-7 alkyl or -X-NR 6 R 7 ;
• R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1-7 alkyl or halogen
• R 3 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl or amino
• R 4 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl, C 1-7 alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, hydroxy C 1-7 alkyl, halogen C 1-7 alkyl or -C(O)-O-C 1-7 alkyl;
• R 5 is hydrogen, halogen, C 1-7 alkoxy or C 1-7 alkyl
• X is a bond or C 1-7 alkyl
• R 6 and R 7 are, independently, hydrogen or C 1-7 alkyl; wherein when B is group (3) then
• A is any one of the following groups provided that when C is ring (3’) then A is not ring (2”) or ring (7”);
• G 1 is CH 2 , NH or O
• G 2 and G 3 are, independently, is CH or N;
• Z is -C(O)-, -SO 2 -, -C 1-3 alkyl- or -CH 2 -C(O)-;
• L is a bond, -C 1-7 alkyl- or -C 1-7 alkenyl-;
• R 1 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl, C 1-7 alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, halogen C 1-7 alkyl, hydroxy C 1-7 alkyl, -O-halogen C 1-7 alkyl, -X-NR 6 R 7 ,
• R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1-7 alkyl or halogen
• R 3 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl or amino
• R 4 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl, C 1-7 alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy C 1-7 alkyl, halogen C 1-7 alkyl or -C(O)-O-C 1-7 alkyl;
• R 4 is hydrogen, halogen, C 1-7 alkoxy or C 1-7 alkyl;
• X is a bond or C 1-7 alkyl;
• R 6 and R 7 are, independently, hydrogen or C 1-7 alkyl; with the proviso that compound of formula (I) is not
• the invention provides a method for the treatment of a steroid receptor dependent condition or disease comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein
• A is a 3-10 membered carbocyclic ring or a 4-12 membered heterocyclic ring containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from O, N or S;
• G 1 is CH 2 , NH or O
• G 2 and G 3 are, independently, is CH or N; Z is -C(O)-, -SO 2 -, -C 1-3 alkyl- or -CH 2 -C(O)-;
• L is a bond, -C 1-7 alkyl- or -C 1-7 alkenyl-;
• R 1 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl, C 1-7 alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, halogen C 1-7 alkyl, hydroxy C 1-7 alkyl, -O-halogen C 1-7 alkyl or -X-NR 6 R 7 ;
• R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1-7 alkyl or halogen
• R 3 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl or amino
• R 4 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl, C 1-7 alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, hydroxy C 1-7 alkyl, halogen C 1-7 alkyl or -C(O)-O-C 1-7 alkyl;
• R 5 is hydrogen, halogen, C 1-7 alkoxy or C 1-7 alkyl
• X is a bond or C 1-7 alkyl
• R 6 and R 7 are, independently, hydrogen or C 1-7 alkyl.
• the steroid receptor dependent conditions or diseases include, but are not limited to, endocrine cancers and diseases, such as prostate cancer, particularly castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and breast cancer.
• the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the present application provides novel compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which are useful as CYP11A1 inhibitors.
• One of the embodiments of the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein
• B is any of the following groups wherein when B is group (1) or (2) then
• A is a 3-10 membered carbocyclic ring or a 4-12 membered heterocyclic ring containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from O, N or S;
• G 1 is CH 2 , NH or O
• G 2 and G 3 are, independently, is CH or N; Z is -C(O)-, -SO 2 -, -C 1-3 alkyl- or -CH 2 -C(O)-;
• L is a bond, -C 1-7 alkyl- or -C 1-7 alkenyl-;
• R 1 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl, C 1-7 alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, halogen C 1-7 alkyl, hydroxy C 1-7 alkyl, -O-halogen C 1-7 alkyl or -X-NR 6 R 7 ;
• R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1-7 alkyl or halogen
• R 3 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl or amino
• R 4 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl, C 1-7 alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, hydroxy C 1-7 alkyl, halogen C 1-7 alkyl or -C(O)-O-C 1-7 alkyl;
• R 5 is hydrogen, halogen, C 1-7 alkoxy or C 1-7 alkyl
• X is a bond or C 1-7 alkyl
• R 6 and R 7 are, independently, hydrogen or C 1-7 alkyl; wherein when B is group (3) then
• A is any one of the following groups provided that when C is ring (3’) then A is not ring (2”) or ring (7”);
• G 1 is CH 2 , NH or O
• G 2 and G 3 are, independently, is CH or N;
• Z is -C(O)-, -SO 2 -, -C 1-3 alkyl- or -CH 2 -C(O)-;
• L is a bond, -C 1-7 alkyl- or -C 1-7 alkenyl-;
• R 1 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl, C 1-7 alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, halogen C 1-7 alkyl, hydroxy C 1-7 alkyl, -O-halogen C 1-7 alkyl, -X-NR 6 R 7 ,
• R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1-7 alkyl or halogen
• R 3 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl or amino
• R 4 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl, C 1-7 alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy C 1-7 alkyl, halogen C 1-7 alkyl or -C(O)-O-C 1-7 alkyl;
• R 5 is hydrogen, halogen, C 1-7 alkoxy or C 1-7 alkyl
• X is a bond or C 1-7 alkyl
• R 6 and R 7 are, independently, hydrogen or C 1-7 alkyl; with the proviso that compound of formula (I) is not
• the left bond of Z is attached to the ring B of formula (I).
• the wavy line in group A denotes the site of attachment to L.
• the wavy line in group C denotes the site of attachment to Z.
• the left wavy line in group B denotes the site of attachment to L and the right wavy line in group B denotes the site of attachment to Z.
• B is group (1) or group (3), for example B is group (1), or as another example B is group (3).
• G 1 is CH 2 or O
• G 1 is CH 2 or as another example G 1 is O
• G 2 is N and G 3 is CH, or wherein G 2 is CH and G 3 is N.
• R 1 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl, C 1-7 alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy C 1-7 alkyl or halogen C 1-7 alkyl.
• R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1-7 alkyl or halogen.
• R 3 is hydrogen.
• R 4 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl, halogen or -C(O)-O-C 1-7 alkyl.
• R 1 and R 2 being attached to the above A-rings, and the wavy line denoting the site of attachment to L.
• a compound according to any of the above embodiments of formula (I) wherein when B is group (1) or (2) then A is any one of the following groups: R 1 and R 2 being attached to the above A-rings, and the wavy line denoting the site of attachment to L.
• R 1 and R 2 being attached to the above A-rings, and the wavy line denoting the site of attachment to L.
• A is group (1 ”), (2”), (3”), (6”), (8”), (9”) or (10”).
• A is group (1 ”), (2a), (2b), (3a), (6a), (8a), (9b) or (10a).
• the compound of the present invention is represented by formula (IA) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
• D is N or CH
• G is CH 2 , NH or O
• M is CH or N
• R 1 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl, C 1-7 alkoxy or halogen
• R 2 is hydrogen or halogen
• R 3 is hydrogen or C 1-7 alkyl
• R 4 is hydrogen, C 1-7 alkyl, halogen or -C(O)-O-C 1-7 alkyl;
• A is any one of the following groups: with the proviso that compound of formula (I) is not
• R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, methoxy or halogen
• R 3 is hydrogen or methyl
• R 4 is hydrogen, methyl or halogen
• A is group (1 ”), (2a), (3a), (9b) or (10a).
• the present invention provides a method for the treatment of a steroid receptor dependent conditions and diseases, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as defined in any of the above embodiments.
• the steroid receptor dependent disease or condition is androgen receptor or estrogen receptor dependent disease or condition including endocrine cancers and diseases, for example prostate cancer or breast cancer, particularly castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
• the CRPC to be treated is refractory to CYP17A1 inhibitor treatment.
• the androgen receptor dependent disease or condition is endocrine cancer which is dependent upon CYP11A1 activation.
• the compounds of the invention can be prepared by a variety of synthetic routes analogously to the methods known in the literature using suitable starting materials.
• the compounds according to formula (I) can be prepared e.g. analogously or according to the following reaction Schemes. Some compounds included in the formula (I) can be obtained by converting the functional groups of the other compounds of formula (I) obtained in accordance with the following Schemes, by well known reaction steps such as oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, acylation, alkylation, amidation, amination, sulfonation and others. It should be noted that any appropriate leaving groups, e.g. N- protecting groups, such as a t-butoxycarbonyl (t-BOC) group or a phenylsulfonyl group, can be used in well known manner during the syntheses in order to improve the selectivity of the reaction steps.
• N- protecting groups such as a t-butoxycarbonyl (t-BOC) group or a phenylsulfonyl group
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are as defined above.
• the compound of formula [1] is coupled with a boronic acid derivative of formula [2] in a suitable solvent, such as a mixture of ethanol, toluene and water, in the presence of a base such as sodium carbonate and a catalyst such as bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (II) dichloride at elevated temperature to produce a compound of formula [la].
• a corresponding boronic ester such as boronic acid pinacol ester can also be used.
• compounds of formula (I) wherein Z is -C(O)- can be prepared according to Scheme 3, wherein A, B, C, L, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are as defined above (for clarity, the ring nitrogen atom of compound [4] is depicted in Scheme 3).
• the compound of formula [5] is coupled with a compound of formula [4] in a suitable solvent such as DMF in the presence of a base such as triethylamine (TEA) and optionally a coupling reagent such as propylphosphonic anhydride (T 3 P) to produce a compound of formula [lb].
• a suitable solvent such as DMF
• a base such as triethylamine (TEA)
• T 3 P propylphosphonic anhydride
• compounds of formula (I) wherein Z is -C(O)- can be prepared according to Scheme 4, wherein A, B, C, L, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are as defined above (for clarity, the ring nitrogen atom of compound [4] is depicted in Scheme 4).
• the compound of formula [6] is coupled with a compound of formula [4] in a suitable solvent such as DCM in the presence of a base such as triethylamine (TEA) to produce a compound of formula [lb].
• R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are as defined above (for clarity, the ring nitrogen atom of compound [7] is depicted in Scheme 5).
• the compound of formula [1] can be coupled with a compound of formula [7] in a suitable solvent such as dry toluene or dry DMSO in the presence of a base such as sodium tert-butoxide (STB), DIPEA or potassium phosphate and optionally a catalyst such as tris(dibenzylideneacetone)di- palladium Pd 2 ( dba) 3 at elevated temperature to produce a compound of formula [la].
• STB sodium tert-butoxide
• DIPEA DIPEA
• Pdba palladium Pd 2
• intermediate compounds of formula [la] can be prepared according to Scheme 8, wherein B, C, R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are as defined above, and X and Y are halogen, preferably chloro or bromo (for clarity, the ring nitrogen atom of compound [4] is depicted in Scheme 8).
• a compound of formula [10] is coupled with a compound of formula [4] in a suitable solvent such as DCM in the presence of a base such as TEA to produce a compound of formula [la].
• a compound of formula [11] is coupled with a compound of formula [7] in a suitable solvent such as toluene-dioxane in the presence of a base such as potassium phosphate and a catalyst such as the mixture of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and 2-di-tert-butylphosphino-3,4,5,6- tetramethyl-2 ’,4 ’,6’ -triisopropyl- 1,1 ’ -biphenyl to produce a compound of formula [3a], SCHEME 9.
• a suitable solvent such as toluene-dioxane in the presence of a base such as potassium phosphate and a catalyst such as the mixture of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and 2-di-tert-butylphosphino-3,4,5,6- tetramethyl-2 ’,4 ’,6’ -triisopropyl- 1,1
• the compounds of formula (I) can be prepared as disclosed in the specific Examples of the present disclosure.
• subject refers to humans and animals.
• steroid receptor refers to receptor which binds to and is activated by a steroid hormone.
• steroid receptors include, but are not limited to, androgen, estrogen, glucocorticoid, and progesterone receptors.
• endocrine cancer refers to partially or completely unregulated growth of one or more cellular components of the endocrine system, including, but not limited to, cancers of one or more of the adrenal glands.
• elevated temperature refers to a temperature higher than room temperature, typically from about 30 to about 120 °C, from example from about 40 to about 100 °C or from about 50 to about 80 °C.
• C 1-7 alkyl refers to a straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atom(s).
• Representative examples of C 1-7 alkyl include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl,iso-pentyl and n-hexyl.
• One preferred embodiment of “C 1-7 alkyl” is C 1-3 alkyl.
• C 1-3 alkyl refers to a preferred embodiment of “C 1-7 alkyl” having 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms.
• C 2-7 alkenyl refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms and containing one or several double bonds. Representative examples include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, propenyl and cyclohexenyl.
• C 3-7 cycloalkyl refers to a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon group containing 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms.
• Representative examples of cycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
• hydroxy refers to an -OH group.
• cyano as employed herein as such or as part of another group, refers to a -CN group.
• C 1-7 alkoxy refers to C 1-7 alkyl, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.
• Representative examples of C 1-7 alkoxy include, but are not limited to methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy and Ze/7-butoxy.
• hydroxy C 1-7 alkyl refers to at least one hydroxy group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through a C 1-7 alkyl group, as defined herein.
• Representative examples of hydroxy C 1-7 alkyl include, but are not limited to, hydroxymethyl, 2,2-dihydroxyethyl, 1 -hydroxyethyl, 3 -hydroxypropyl, 1 -hydroxypropyl, 1 -methyl- 1 -hydroxy ethyl and 1 -methyl- 1 -hydroxypropyl.
• halogen C 1-7 alkyl refers to at least one halogen, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through a C 1-7 alkyl group, as defined herein.
• Representative examples of halo C 1-7 alkyl include, but are not limited to, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2-chloroethyl and 3 -bromopropyl.
• cyano C 1-7 alkyl refers to a cyano group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through a C 1-7 alkyl group, as defined herein.
• Representative examples of cyano C 1-7 alkyl include, but are not limited to, cyanomethyl, 1 -cyanoethyl, 1 -cyanopropyl and 2-cyanopropyl.
• halogen C 1-7 alkoxy refers to at least one halogen, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through a C 1-7 alkoxy group, as defined herein.
• phenyl C 1-7 alkyl refers to at least one phenyl group appended to the parent molecular moiety through a C 1-7 alkyl group, as defined herein.
• C 1-7 alkyl carbonyl refers to a C 1-7 alkyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group, as defined herein.
• C 1-7 alkoxy C 1-7 alkyl refers to at least one C 1-7 alkoxy group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an C 1-7 alkyl group, as defined herein.
• 4-12 membered heterocyclyl refers to a saturated, partially saturated or aromatic ring with 4-12 ring atoms, of which 1-4 atoms are heteroatoms selected from a group consisting of N, O and S.
• One embodiment of a “4-12 membered heterocyclyl” is a “4-10 membered heterocyclyl” which refers to a saturated, partially saturated or aromatic ring with 4-10 ring atoms, of which 1-4 atoms are heteroatoms selected from a group consisting of N, O and S.
• a 4-12 membered heterocyclic ring include, but are not limited to, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, pyrazolyl, 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl, 1,2,3-triazol-l-yl, pyrimidinyl, pyridinyl, piperidinyl, tetrazolyl, piperazinyl, furanyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl tetrahydropyranyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, indolyl and 4,5 -dihydroimidazolyl rings.
• 3-10 membered carbocyclyl refers to a saturated, partially saturated or aromatic ring with 3 to 10 ring atoms consisting of carbon atoms only.
• One embodiment of a “3-10 membered carbocyclyl” is a “3-6 membered carbocyclyl” which refers to a saturated, partially saturated or aromatic ring with 3 to 6 ring atoms consisting of carbon atoms only.
• Representative examples of a 3- 10 membered carbocyclyl group include, but are not limited to, phenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl and cyclobutyl rings.
• substituted refers to, if not otherwise defined, to halogen substituents, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or C 1-7 alkyl, C 3-7 cycloalkyl, hydroxy, amino, nitro, cyano, thiol C 1-7 alkyl, methylsulfonyl, C 1-7 alkoxy, halo C 1-7 alkyl, hydroxy C 1-7 alkyl or amino C 1-7 alkyl substituents.
• halogen substituents such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or C 1-7 alkyl, C 3-7 cycloalkyl, hydroxy, amino, nitro, cyano, thiol C 1-7 alkyl, methylsulfonyl, C 1-7 alkoxy, halo C 1-7 alkyl, hydroxy C 1-7 alkyl or amino C 1-7 alkyl substituents.
• substituents are 1-2 substituents selected from C 1-7 alkyl or halogen substituents, particularly C 1-3 alkyl or halogen substituents, particularly methyl, ethyl, chloro, fluoro or bromo substituents.
• the "substituted" groups may contain 1 to 3, preferably 1 or 2, of the above mentioned substituents, if not otherwise defined.
• Optically active enantiomers or diastereomers of compounds of formula (I) can be prepared e.g. by resolution of the racemic end product by known methods or by using suitable optically active starting materials.
• racemic compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by using racemic starting materials.
• Resolution of racemic compounds of formula (I) or a racemic starting material thereof can be carried out, for example, by converting the racemic compound into its diastereromeric salt mixture by reaction with an optically active acid and subsequent separation of the diastereomers by crystallization.
• Representative examples of said optically active acids include, but are not limited to, D-tartaric acid and dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid.
• preparative chiral chromatography may be used for resolution of the racemic mixture.
• Non-limiting examples of suitable salts include metal salts, ammonium salts, salts with an organic base, salts with an inorganic acid, salts with organic acid, and salts with basic or acidic amino acid.
• suitable salts include metal salts, ammonium salts, salts with an organic base, salts with an inorganic acid, salts with organic acid, and salts with basic or acidic amino acid.
• metal salts include alkali metal salts such as sodium salt and potassium salt; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salt, and magnesium salt.
• Non-limiting examples of salts with inorganic or organic acids include chlorides, bromides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, sulfonates, methane sulfonates, formates, tartrates, maleates, citrates, benzoates, salicylates, ascorbates, acetates, oxalates, fumarates, hemifumarates, and succinates.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable esters when applicable, may be prepared by known methods using pharmaceutically acceptable acids that are conventional in the field of pharmaceuticals and that retain the pharmacological properties of the free form.
• Non-limiting examples of these esters include esters of aliphatic or aromatic alcohols, e.g.
• formula (I) above is inclusive of all the possible isotopes and isomers, such as stereoisomers, of the compounds, including geometric isomers, for example Z and E isomers (cis and trans isomers), and optical isomers, e.g. diastereomers and enantiomers, and prodrug esters, e.g. phosphate esters and carbonate esters.
• the present compounds may contain at least one chiral center. Accordingly, the compounds may exist in optically active or racemic forms. It is to be understood that the formula (I) includes any racemic or optically active form, or mixtures thereof.
• the compounds are the pure (R)-isomers.
• the compounds are the pure (S)-isomers.
• the compounds are a mixture of the (R) and the (S) isomers.
• the compounds are a racemic mixture comprising an equal amount of the (R) and the (S) isomers.
• the compounds may contain two chiral centers. In such case, according to one embodiment, the compounds are a mixture of diasteromers.
• the compounds of the invention are a mixture of enantiomers.
• the compounds are pure enantiomers.
• the individual isomers may be obtained using the corresponding isomeric forms of the starting material or they may be separated after the preparation of the end compound according to conventional separation methods.
• optical isomers e.g. enantiomers or diastereomers
• the conventional resolution methods e.g. fractional crystallisation
• the present compounds may also exist as tautomers or equilibrium mixtures thereof wherein a proton of a compound shifts from one atom to another.
• tautomerism include, but are not limited to, amido-imido, keto-enol, phenol-keto, oxime-nitroso, nitro-aci, imine-enamine, annular tautomerism of heterocyclic rings such as pyrazole ring, and the like.
• Tautomeric forms are intended to be encompassed by compounds of formula (I), even though only one tautomeric form may be depicted.
• Examples of preferred compounds of one group of formula (I) include (2,3-Dihydro-4H-benzo[h][l,4]oxazin-4-yl)(5-(3-(trifhioromethoxy)phenyl)- pyridin-3-yl)methanone (Compound 1);
• Compounds of the invention may be administered to a patient in therapeutically effective amounts which range usually from about 0.5 to about 2000 mg, more typically form about 1 to about 500 mg, for example from about 2 to about 100 mg, daily depending on the age, sex, weight, ethnic group, condition of the patient, condition to be treated, administration route and the active ingredient used.
• the compounds of the invention can be formulated into dosage forms using the principles known in the art.
• the compound can be given to a patient as such or in combination with suitable pharmaceutical excipients in the form of tablets, granules, capsules, suppositories, emulsions, suspensions or solutions. Choosing suitable ingredients for the composition is a routine for those of ordinary skill in the art.
• compositions containing the active compound can be given enterally or parenterally, the oral route being the preferred way.
• the contents of the active compound in the composition is from about 0.5 to 100 %, typically from about 0.5 to about 20 %, per weight of the total composition.
• the compounds of the invention can be given to the subject as the sole active ingredient or in combination with one of more other active ingredients for treatment of a particular disease.
• a combination of therapeutic agents and/or other treatments e.g., radiation therapy
• the second (or third) agent to be administered may have the same or different mechanism of action than the primary therapeutic agent.
• a compound of the invention may be administered in combination with other anti-cancer treatments useful in the treatment of cancers such as prostate cancer or breast cancer.
• a compound of the invention can be packaged together with instructions that the compound is to be used in combination with other anti-cancer agents and treatments for the treatment of cancer.
• the present invention further comprises combinations of a compound of the invention and one or more additional agents in kit form, for example, where they are packaged together or placed in separate packages to be sold together as a kit, or where they are packaged to be formulated together.
• the therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is co-administered with a glucocorticoid and/or a mineralocorticoid and, optionally, with one or more anti-cancer agents.
• glucocorticoids examples include, but are not limited to, hydrocortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone and dexamethasone.
• suitable mineralocorticoids include, but are not limited to, fludrocortisone, deoxycorticosterone, 11 -desoxy cortisone and deoxycorticosterone acetate.
• the optional other anti-cancer agents which can be administered in addition to a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof include, but are not limited to, non-steroidal androgen receptor antagonists (e.g. enzalutamide, apalutamide and darolutamide); steroidogenesis inhibitors (e.g. CYP17A1 inhibitors such as abiraterone acetate and seviteronel); chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. docetaxel and paclitaxel); antiestrogens (e.g. tamoxifen and fulvestrant); epigenetic modulators (e.g. BET inhibitors and HD AC inhibitors);
• non-steroidal androgen receptor antagonists e.g. enzalutamide, apalutamide and darolutamide
• steroidogenesis inhibitors e.g. CYP17A1 inhibitors such as abiraterone acetate and seviteronel
• - mTOR inhibitors e.g. everolimus
• - AKT inhibitors e.g. AZ5363
• radiopharmaceuticals e.g. alpharadin
• GnRH/LHRH analogues such as leuprorelin
• PI3K inhibitors e.g. idelalisib
• CDK4/6 inhibitors e.g. ribocyclib
• the therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to a subject in need thereof in addition to a therapeutically effective amount of one or more anti-cancer agents selected from the list consisting of non-steroidal androgen receptor antagonists (e.g. enzalutamide, apalutamide and darolutamide); steroidogenesis inhibitors (e.g. CYP17A1 inhibitors such as abiraterone acetate and seviteronel); chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. docetaxel and paclitaxel); antiestrogens (e.g. tamoxifen and fulvestrant); epigenetic modulators (e.g. BET inhibitors and HD AC inhibitors);
• non-steroidal androgen receptor antagonists e.g. enzalutamide, apalutamide and darolutamide
• steroidogenesis inhibitors e.g. CYP17A1 inhibitors such as abirater
• - mTOR inhibitors e.g. everolimus
• - AKT inhibitors e.g. AZ5363
• radiopharmaceuticals e.g. alpharadin
• GnRH/LHRH analogues such as leuprorelin
• PI3K inhibitors e.g. idelalisib
• CDK4/6 inhibitors e.g. ribocyclib
• the therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to a subject in need thereof in addition to a therapeutically effective amount of a steroidogenesis inhibitor (e.g. a CYP17A1 inhibitor).
• a steroidogenesis inhibitor e.g. a CYP17A1 inhibitor.
• suitable CYP17A1 inhibitors include, but are not limited to, abiraterone acetate and seviteronel.
• the therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to a subject in need thereof in addition to a therapeutically effective amount of a non-steroidal androgen receptor antagonist.
• suitable nonsteroidal androgen receptor (AR) antagonists include, but are not limited to, enzalutamide, apalutamide and darolutamide.
• the present invention provides a pharmaceutical combination comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one additional active ingredient selected from the list consisting of a glucocorticoid, a mineralocorticoid, a steroidogenesis inhibitor (e.g. a CYP17A1 inhibitor), a non-steroidal androgen receptor antagonist, chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. docetaxel and paclitaxel), antiestrogens (e.g. tamoxifen and fulvestrant), epigenetic modulators (e.g. BET inhibitors and HD AC inhibitors),
• a glucocorticoid e.g. a mineralocorticoid
• a steroidogenesis inhibitor e.g. a CYP17A1 inhibitor
• chemotherapeutic agents e.g. docetaxel and paclitaxel
• antiestrogens e.g. tamoxifen and ful
• - mTOR inhibitors e.g. everolimus
• - AKT inhibitors e.g. AZ5363
• radiopharmaceuticals e.g. alpharadin
• GnRH/LHRH analogues such as leuprorelin
• PI3K inhibitors e.g. idelalisib
• CDK4/6 inhibitors e.g. ribocyclib
• Methyl 5 -bromonicotinate (8.0 g, 37.0 mmol) was treated with 4-dihydro-2H - benzo[b][l,4]oxazine (7.5 g, 56.0 mmol) in the presence of triethylamine (11.0 g, 15 mL, 0.11 mol), trimethylaluminum (28.0 ml, 2 M in toluene, 56.0 mmol) in 40 ml of toluene at 25 °C for 16 h. Purification by combi-flash chromatography afforded 9.5 g of the title compound.
• Methyl 5-(4-fluorophenyl)nicotinate 200 mg, 0.865 mmol was treated with 7- fhroro-3,4-dihydro-2//-benzo[h][l,4]oxazine (199 mg, 1.30 mmol) in the presence of TEA (0.36 ml, 2.59 mmol) and trimethylaluminum (0.65 ml, 2.0 M in toluene, 1.30 mmol) in 8 ml toluene at 25 °C for 16 h. Purification by combi-flash chromatography using 5-25 % EtOAc in heptane as eluent afforded 0.235 g of the title compound.
• 3,5-Dibromo-4-methylpyridine (5.0 g, 20.0 mmol) was treated with (phenyl- boronic acid (2.7 g, 22.0 mmol) in the presence of sodium carbonate (4.2 g, 40.0 mmol) and bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (1.4 g, 2.0 mmol) in 60 ml of DME and 30 ml of water at 90 °C for 6 h.
• Purification by combi-flash using 5-30 % EtOAc in heptane as an eluent afforded 3.1 g of the title compound.
• 3,5-Dibromo-4-methylpyridine (5.0 g, 0.02 mol) was treated with (4-fluoro- phenyl)boronic acid (3.0 g, 0.02 mol), Na2CCh (6.0 g, 0.06 mol) and Pd(PPh3)2C12 (1.0 g, 2.0 mmol) in 60 ml of DME and 30 ml of water at 100 °C for 16 h.
• Methyl 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylnicotinate 400 mg, 1.63 mmol was treated with 3,4-dihydro-2/7-bcnzo[/?][l ,4]oxazinc (331 mg, 2.45 mmol) in the presence of triethylamine (0.68 ml, 4.89 mmol) and trimethylaluminum (1.22 ml, 2 M in toluene, 2.45 mmol) in 10 ml of toluene at 95 °C for 18 h.
• 3,5-Dibromopyridin-4-amine (6.0 g, 24.0 mmol) was treated with phenylboronic acid (3.2 g, 26.0 mmol), Na2CCh (5.0 g, 48.0 mmol) and Pd(PPh3)2C12 (1.7 g, 2.4 mmol) in 12 ml of DME and 6 ml of water at 90 °C for 4 h.
• Methyl 4-amino-5 -phenylnicotinate (500 mg, 2.19 mmol) was treated with 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (438 mg, 3.29 mmol), triethylamine (0.92 ml, 6.57 mmol) trimethylaluminum (1.64 ml, 2.0 M in toluene, 3.29 mmol) in 20 ml of toluene at 100 °C for 16 h.
• 3,5-Dichloropyridazine (3.0 g, 20.1 mmol) was treated with (4-fluorophenyl)- boronic acid (3.10 g, 22.2 mmol), KF (2.93 g, 50.3 mmol), diacetoxypalladium (226 mg, 1.01 mmol) and Q-PHOS (716 mg, 1.01 mmol) in 40 ml of toluene and 10 ml of water at 80 °C for 16 h. Purification by combi-flash chromatography using 5-40 % ethyl acetate in heptane as an eluent afforded 1.0 g of the title compound.
• Methyl 5 -(4-fluorophenyl)pyridazine-3 -carboxylate (20 mg, 0.086 mmol) was treated with 3,4-dihydro-2/7-bcnzo[b ][l ,4]oxazinc (18.2 mg, 0.129 mmol), triethylamine (36 ⁇ l, 0.258 mmol) and trimethylaluminum (65 ⁇ l, 2.0 M in toluene, 0.129 mmol) in 5 ml of toluene at 100 °C for 16 h.
• the compound was prepared according to the procedure of Example 13 starting from 6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (0.047 g, 0.42 mmol) and (5-bromopyri- din-3-yl)(2,3-dihydro-4H-benzo[b][l,4]oxazin-4-yl)methanone (0.112 g, 0.35 mmol).
• Example 15 The following compounds were prepared according to the procedure of Example 15. The compound number, characterization data, deviating reaction conditions and starting materials are indicated on the table.
• Example 16 The following compounds were prepared according to the procedure of Example 16. The compound number, characterization data and starting materials are indicated on the table.
• Example 17 The following compounds were prepared according to the procedure of Example 17. The compound number, characterization data and starting materials are indicated on the table.
• Example 21 The following compounds were prepared according to the procedure of Example 21. The compound number, characterization data and starting materials are indicated on the table.
• test compounds The ability of the test compounds to inhibit pregnenolone biosynthesis was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detecting pregnenolone (Abnova Pregnenolone ELISA Kit, KA1912).
• ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
• Human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line NCI-H295R that has been shown to express all the key steroidogenic enzymes was used as a enzyme source.
• IC 50 half maximal inhibitory concentration
• the test compounds were treated for 24 hours with increasing concentrations of the test compound.
• the final DMSO concentration was 0.4 %.
• Medium samples were diluted 1 :6 and pregnenolone amounts determined with ELISA.
• the compounds of the invention were screened in the above mentioned assay and the IC 50 values of the compounds are set forth in Table 1 below wherein “A” refers to an IC 50 value of less than 50 nM, “B” refers to IC 50 value in range of 51 to 200 nM and “C” refers to IC50 value in range of 201 nM to 2500 nM.

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