WO2022116790A1 - 一种获得力和转矩并对负载做功的方法及其装置与应用 - Google Patents
一种获得力和转矩并对负载做功的方法及其装置与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022116790A1 WO2022116790A1 PCT/CN2021/130081 CN2021130081W WO2022116790A1 WO 2022116790 A1 WO2022116790 A1 WO 2022116790A1 CN 2021130081 W CN2021130081 W CN 2021130081W WO 2022116790 A1 WO2022116790 A1 WO 2022116790A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000004263 Ocotea pretiosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K53/00—Alleged dynamo-electric perpetua mobilia
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the fields of new energy, electric vehicles, clean energy power generation, rotating electromechanical products, perpetual motion machines that perform work on loads, and the like.
- the shaft is composed of several identical cavities distributed perpendicularly or vertically to the shaft in its radial direction.
- the cavities are distributed in axisymmetric or equiangular intervals, and the device takes the shaft centerline as the center of rotation;
- the hole far from the rotating shaft is the outer end hole, so that the fluid flows into the cavity body from one end of the cavity body through the two holes, and flows out of the cavity body from the other end.
- the area of the fluid outflow hole is not less than the area of the fluid inflow hole; the cavity Fixed-wing aircraft wing-shaped components are fixedly installed in the inner cavity at the radial distal end of the rotary shaft, that is, near the outer end holes.
- the principle of aircraft flight when the fluid flows through the wing-shaped components, it generates a thrust similar to the lift of the aircraft, so that the thrust direction is the same as the direction of the linear velocity of the cavity, that is, the thrust direction is perpendicular to the radial and axial directions of the rotation axis,
- the fluid thrust produces torque on the rotary shaft; when the device is coaxially connected to the load, the device does work on the load.
- liquids such as air and water
- ways to make the fluid flow into and out of the cavity there are many ways to make the fluid flow into and out of the cavity; the preferred four ways are A, B, C, and D that the fluid flows into the cavity from the inner end hole and flows out from the outer end hole.
- the following will further explain the principle of generating thrust on the airfoil, generating torque on the rotary shaft, and the device's work principle in combination with the fluid flow method, and combining the fluid flow method to deduce the perpetual motion mode E that can do work on the load;
- Method A the fluid is air
- the inner end hole of the cavity body is located at the axial side of the rotary shaft close to the rotary shaft or on the rotary shaft and communicates with the cavity body through the channel in the shaft
- the area of the outer end hole is larger than The area of the inner end hole.
- the linear velocity of the end hole according to Bernoulli's law, the static pressure of the outer end hole of the atmosphere is less than the static pressure of the inner end hole, that is, there is a pressure difference between the two ends of the inner cavity of the cavity, and the higher the rotation speed, the greater the pressure difference. Therefore, the air flows into the cavity from the inner end hole and flows out from the outer end hole, that is, there is air flow in the cavity; when the air flows through the airfoil-shaped parts, the It generates thrust, which generates torque on the rotary shaft in the same direction as the tractor or rotating machinery.
- the torque of the combination is the sum of the torque of the rotating tractor or rotating machinery and the torque generated by the air thrust, and the angular velocity
- power torque ⁇ angular velocity
- the power of the combination is greater than the power of the tractor or rotating machinery
- the output power of the combination is greater than the power input by the tractor or rotating machinery when the combination is connected to the load to do work, that is, the device also do work on the load;
- Mode B the fluid is flowing air with a power source, the cavity body rotates in the fixed closed body, the closed body is slidably sealed with the rotary shaft, and the rotary shaft outside the closed body has an inner end hole, which passes through the rotary shaft.
- the channel is communicated with the cavity body, and the closed body is connected to the air pumping equipment, that is, the air flows from the inner end hole through the channel on the shaft into the cavity body, flows out from the outer end hole, and is then removed from the closed body. Extraction; when the air flows through the airfoil-shaped parts, it generates thrust and torque on the rotary shaft.
- the device When the device is used as a tractor to connect the load, it does work on the load, or uses it to rigidly connect with the rotating tractor or rotating machinery coaxially.
- the characteristics of maintaining the same rotational speed when forming the combination body the combination body is formed to work together on the load; although the air extraction equipment has energy input, measures such as increasing the radius of gyration, that is, increasing the force arm and increasing the number of cavities, make the output power of the device Greater than the power input by the air extraction equipment;
- the air extraction equipment its power is P 1
- the air volume is Q
- Q is also a fixed value
- the number of cavities of the device is n
- the area of each airfoil component is s
- the lift coefficient is c
- the air density is ⁇
- the lever arm of the airfoil component is L
- the sum of the cross-sectional areas where the airfoil component is located in the cavity is S
- the desired rotational angular velocity is ⁇
- the fluid is a circulating liquid in the pipeline driven by a pump or a liquid with a water head.
- a rotary joint is installed on the front end of the rotary shaft where the inner hole of the device is located.
- the rotary joint connects the fluid into the pipeline and rotates
- the joint and the shaft are slidingly sealed, and the rotary shaft in the inner cavity of the rotary joint has an inner end hole, which is communicated with the inner cavity of the cavity through the channel on the shaft;
- the liquid flowing out of the end hole concentrates on this part and then flows out.
- the part is also installed with a rotary joint, and the rotary joint is slidably sealed with it.
- the hole, the channel in the rotary shaft, and the cavity body flow out from the outer end hole, and return to the original pipeline through the current collecting part and the rotary joint; when the fluid flows through the airfoil-shaped part, a thrust is generated on it, and the force is generated on the rotary shaft.
- Torque for a flowing water flow with a head such as tap water, when the fluid flows through the airfoil parts, the kinetic energy loss is only part of the water flow across the airfoil parts and the energy conversion of the airfoil parts, and most of the water flow has no flow velocity.
- the loss of the original water head is small, and the centrifugal motion generated by the rotary motion enables the water flow to obtain kinetic energy and increase the water head;
- the output power of the device is greater than the input power of the pump;
- the device is used as a drag
- the motor it does work on the load when it is connected to the load, or it is connected with other rotating tractors or rotating machinery coaxially in the same torque direction to form a combination to jointly do work on the load;
- the fluid is a circulating liquid driven by a pump, the output of the device
- the principle that the power is greater than the input power of the fluid power source, that is, the pump is the same as explained in B.
- the fluid is a water flow with potential energy drop
- the rotary shaft of the device is placed vertically, the cavity body is rotated in the horizontal direction
- a rotary joint is installed on the rotary shaft, the rotary joint is connected to the water inlet pipe, and the rotary joint and the shaft are slidingly sealed
- the channel and cavity in the rotating shaft flow out from the outer end hole; when the water flows through the airfoil-shaped component, it generates thrust, which generates torque on the rotating shaft.
- the power generation efficiency of water resources with water head and flow is better than the hydroelectric power generation method of shock energy exchange, and the principle is the same as the description in B.
- E mode the device using mode A is rigidly connected to the motor coaxially and in the same torque direction to form a combination, and the combination is connected to the generator, wherein the output power of the generator is greater than the input power of the motor, and the working process is external
- the power supply starts the motor, and the generator works after the device and the motor rotate to the rated speed. Part of the electric energy generated by it is returned to the motor to maintain its operation.
- the external power supply stops working, and the generator outputs the rest of the electric energy.
- This combined machine is a perpetual motion machine that can do work; Or connect the device using the B or C mode with the generator, wherein the output power of the generator is greater than the input power of the fluid flow power source.
- the working process is that the external power source starts the fluid power source to work, the device drives the generator to work, and the generator outputs Part of the electrical energy is returned to the fluid power source to maintain operation, the external power supply stops working, and the generator outputs the remaining electrical energy.
- This combined machine is also a perpetual motion machine that can do work.
- the device manufactured by this method is characterized in that the device consists of an axis and a plurality of identical cavities distributed perpendicularly or vertically to the axis in its radial direction, and the cavities are distributed axially symmetrically or at equiangular intervals.
- the device takes the center line of the shaft as the center of rotation, and the two ends of the shaft are connected with flanges, couplings, pulleys, gears, etc., and the transmission parts are used to connect with rotating tractors, rotating machinery and loads;
- the area of the outflow hole is larger than the area of the fluid inflow hole;
- the fixed-wing aircraft wing-shaped component is fixedly installed in the cavity, and the wing-shaped component is integrally located in the cavity.
- the leading edge of the piece faces the flowing fluid.
- the convex surface points in the direction of rotation, and the direction of its thrust by the fluid is consistent with the direction of the linear velocity of the cavity.
- Device A the fluid is air
- device A has the following characteristics on the basis of the common features of the device;
- the overall opening of the outer end and the radial end face is the outer end hole, and the area of the outer end hole is larger than that of the inner end hole.
- the hole on the cover plate When the inner end hole is on the axial end face of the cavity body, the hole on the cover plate is connected to the inner end hole of the cavity body, and the cover plate does not block the rotation of the outer end hole on the axial side, so that the air flows from the radial direction of the outer end hole. and the high-speed flow on both sides of the axial direction to enhance the suction and rolling effect of the air; the airfoil-shaped component selects a large lift coefficient airfoil, selects a large angle of attack, and does not consider resistance; the thrust and torque obtained by the device follow the cavity body.
- the turning speed, turning radius, outer end hole area, airfoil-shaped component lift coefficient, airfoil-shaped component area, etc. increase and increase.
- the device is connected with a rotary tractor or a rotating machine coaxially and in the same torque direction to form a composite body.
- the composite body rotates, the air flows into the cavity from the inner end hole, flows out from the outer end hole, and flows through the airfoil-shaped parts.
- the output of the assembly is greater than the power input by the rotating tractor or rotating machinery, that is, the device is also acting.
- the combination body and the generator are rigidly connected coaxially or multi-axis.
- the working process is that the generator works normally after the rotation speed of the combination body reaches the rated value. If the generator excitation circuit is open, the combination body rotates first, and the speed reaches the rated value. After the rotation speed, the excitation circuit is closed, and the combination does work on the generator; or the generator load is opened first, and the combination speed reaches the rated rotation speed and then the load circuit is closed, or the combination and the generator speed are simultaneously increased to the rated value; or the combination and The generator is connected by means of clutch, coupler, etc. After the combination reaches the rated speed, the generator is connected to work.
- the device is either fixedly connected to one end of the double-ended output shaft tractor to form a combination, and the other end of the tractor is connected to the load, or is connected to a multi-axis driven shaft to form a combination, or multiple devices are connected to a single shaft form a composite.
- Device B the fluid is flowing air.
- Device B has the following characteristics on the basis of the common features of the device.
- the cavity body rotates in a closed body, and the closed body is fixed with a support frame and does not move with the cavity body.
- the rotating shaft is slidingly sealed; there is an air inflow hole on the rotating shaft outside the closed body, and the hole is communicated with the inner cavity of the cavity through the channel in the rotating shaft.
- the hole flows into the cavity of the cavity through the channel in the rotary shaft, flows out from the outer end hole, and then is extracted from the closed body; when the air extraction equipment is working, the air flows in the cavity, and when it flows through the airfoil-shaped part, the air Generate thrust, generate torque to the rotary shaft, and the device is used as a tractor to connect the load to perform work on the load; or the device and the rotating tractor or rotating machinery are connected coaxially and in the same torque direction to form a combination to jointly respond to the load. acting.
- the air pumping equipment has energy input, by increasing the number of cavities, increasing the area of the airfoil, and increasing the radius of gyration, the external power output of the device is greater than the power input by the air pumping equipment.
- the device is either fixedly connected to one end of the double-head output shaft tractor to form a combination, and the other end of the tractor is connected to the load, or connected to a multi-axis driven shaft to form a combination, or a single axis is connected to multiple devices. form a composite.
- device C when the fluid is a circulating liquid driven by a pump or a liquid such as water with a water head, device C has the following characteristics on the basis of the common features of the device.
- the shaft of the device is composed of two concentric and different radii.
- the hollow shaft is composed of a circular table located in the middle of the two.
- the center line of the shaft is the center of rotation.
- the front hollow shaft with a smaller radius is a hollow shaft with an open front and a closed rear.
- the rear hollow shaft is a hollow shaft with a closed front and an open rear , the front and rear hollow shafts of the rotary shaft are respectively connected to the fluid inflow and outflow pipes with rotary joints, and the non-moving parts of the rotary joint are fixed with a support frame; several identical hollow shafts symmetrically or equally spaced at the center of the shaft are fixedly installed on the inclined surface of the round table.
- the front and rear ends of the cavity are respectively connected with the inner cavity of the front hollow shaft and the rear hollow shaft.
- the airfoil-shaped parts are fixedly installed in the hollow cavity.
- the direction of the linear velocity is the same, and the principle of maximum lever arm is followed; the connection is installed on the rotary shaft, and the transmission part is used to connect with the load such as the generator; the fluid is subjected to the thrust along the flow direction and the centrifugal force in the radial direction of the rotary shaft in the cavity body.
- the direction of the resultant force is obliquely deviated from the center of rotation. In order to prevent the loss of the water head, the direction of the water flow should not be changed at a large angle.
- the loss of the original water head during the power generation process is small, therefore, the water flow in the urban tap water pipeline and the water diversion project pipeline can be used to generate electricity; In this mode, the power output by the device is greater than the power input by the pump.
- Device D when the fluid is a water flow with drop potential energy, the device D has the following characteristics on the basis of the common characteristics of the device;
- the device is composed of the same and axisymmetric or equiangularly spaced cavities.
- the device takes the center line of the shaft as the center of rotation, and the upper end of the shaft is connected to the generator through couplings, pulleys and other connecting transmission parts.
- Install the rotary joint use the support frame to fix the rotary joint so that it does not move with the rotary shaft, the rotary joint and the rotary shaft are slidingly sealed, there is a water inlet pipe on the rotary joint, the rotary shaft in the cavity of the rotary joint has a water flow inflow hole, and the rotary shaft has The circulation channel allows the water flow to flow into the cavity along the cavity of the rotary joint and the channel in the rotary shaft, and flow out of the cavity from the outer end hole; the lower end of the rotary shaft of the device can be connected with the support frame through bearings, etc., to improve the rotation stability ;Fixed-wing aircraft wing-shaped components are fixedly installed in the cavity.
- the component is integrally located in the cavity of the cavity and follows the principle of maximum lever arm.
- the leading edge of the component faces the water flow, and the direction of the force is the direction of the rotational speed of the cavity.
- the direction of the thrust is perpendicular to the radial and axial directions of the rotary shaft, respectively, and this force generates torque on the rotary shaft, which drives the generator to generate electricity.
- the power generation efficiency of this method is better than that of the traditional impact energy exchange method, and the device is especially suitable for water conservancy facilities with low dam height.
- Perpetual motion machine E the device A is connected with the motor coaxially and in the same torque direction to form a combination, and the combination is connected with the generator, wherein the output power of the generator is greater than the input power of the motor, and the working process is that the external power source starts the motor After the device and the motor rotate to the rated speed, the generator works normally. If the device is rigidly connected to the motor and the generator rotor, the generator excitation circuit or load circuit is opened first, and the motor and the device are closed after the rotation speed reaches the rated value.
- the generator works; or use the clutch, coupler and other connection methods to connect the combination that reaches the rated speed to the generator to work, and part of the generated electric energy is returned to the motor to maintain operation, the external power supply stops working, and the output of the generator or connect the device B or device C with the generator, the output power of the generator is greater than the input power of the device's fluid power source, the working process is that the external power source starts the fluid power source to work, the device rotates to drive the generator to work, and the generator outputs Part of the electrical energy is transferred back to the power source to maintain operation, the external power supply stops working, and the generator outputs the rest of the electrical energy; in the above two modes, the combined machine of device A and the motor and generator, or the combination of device B or device C and the generator A machine is a perpetual motion machine that can do work on a load.
- the fluid outflow direction of the outer end hole is reversed with the linear velocity of the cavity body, so as to obtain the momentum moment of the recoil force;
- the linear velocity is large, therefore, the effect of the moment of momentum is not obvious.
- Either metallic or non-metallic materials are suitable for fabricating the device of the present invention.
- the device in the present invention can be used as a power source for electric vehicles, rail vehicles, construction machinery, ships, aircraft and other mobile machinery and equipment, or as a range extender to charge power batteries during driving.
- the invention can completely solve the problems of the current electric vehicles such as insufficient cruising range, insufficient charging facilities, excessive battery energy density, frequent accidents such as spontaneous combustion, etc., and can also greatly reduce the usage of power batteries, and solve the problem of battery recycling and recovery. It is beneficial to environmental protection.
- the device in the present invention is fixedly connected with the motor to form a combined body, and the combined body is connected with the generator, so that more electricity can be produced by using electrical energy, which is a real clean energy power generation, and a brand new one. power generation mode.
- the device D in the present invention is applied in the field of hydropower generation, and provides a feasible power generation method for water conservancy facilities with low dam height.
- the device in the present invention is connected with the spindle of the machine tool to form a combination.
- the torque of the combination is greater than the torque of the spindle motor, and the output power is greater than the input power of the spindle motor.
- Machine tools such as machining centers, lathes, grinders, etc., all work when the spindle rotates first and then the tool contacts the workpiece for processing, which is especially suitable for applying the present invention, and the structure of the machine tool does not need to be changed.
- the device in the present invention is connected to the motor shaft, the output shaft of the internal combustion engine, the input and output shaft of the gearbox, the pump shaft, etc., to obtain increased torque and thus increase power, and can save energy.
- the device C in the present invention can use the water flow with the water head to obtain the torque, and when the generator is connected to do work, the work process has little effect on the water head, and can use the water flow in the urban tap water and water diversion projects to generate electricity.
- the device A in the present invention is applied to the blades of wind power generation to increase the torque of the blades and improve the efficiency of wind power generation.
- the device in the present invention especially the device A is combined with a motor and a generator, or the device B or device C is combined with a generator, wherein the output power of the generator is greater than the input power of the motor or the input power of the fluid power source; the motor or When the power source starts to work, the generator outputs electrical energy, and a part of the output electrical energy is returned to the motor or power source, and the motor or power source stops inputting electrical energy from the outside.
- This perpetual motion principle conforms to the law of conservation of energy, Bernoulli's law and other scientific principles.
- Fig. 1 is the wire frame diagram of device A
- Rotary shaft 2. Cavity body; 3. Inner end hole; 4. Outer end hole; 5. Outer end hole; ;
- Fig. 2 is the wire frame diagram of device D
- Example 1 Device A, the fluid is air, the tractor is a motor, and the load is a generator; the motor, the device, and the generator are connected in series and fixed in sequence, wherein the rated output power of the generator is greater than the rated input power of the motor, ignoring friction. Energy loss caused by Sassafras force, etc.
- the working process is that the generator excitation circuit is opened, the motor starts, the driving device and the generator rotor rotate, and the generator excitation circuit is closed after the speed reaches the rated value, the generator works and outputs power;
- the motor power P 10kw
- the rotational speed n 3000rpm
- ⁇ is the angular velocity
- the radius of gyration of the outer end hole of the cavity r 1 0.3m
- the radius of gyration of the inner hole r 2 0.05m
- the 4 cavities are symmetrically distributed
- the airfoil thrust arm L 0.25m
- the lift coefficient of the airfoil component c 0.8, in fact, many classical wing lift coefficients can exceed 1; the energy loss caused by friction, etc. is ignored below, and the calculation results are rounded up.
- the combined speed is the motor speed
- Embodiment 3 The device A is connected in series with the main shaft of the machine tool, the output shaft of the internal combustion engine, the input and output shafts of the gearbox, and the air-conditioning compressor motor in a fixed series connection or multi-axis connection to transmit the increased torque, and the output power is greater than the input power.
- the machine tool is a vertical machining center
- the spindle motor torque is 15.Nm at this speed.
- the device and the machine tool spindle are coaxially fixed and connected in series.
- the torque transmitted by the assembly is greater than the original torque of the spindle, and the output power is greater than the power of the spindle motor, which is conducive to high-speed and high-torque machining.
- Embodiment 4 Apply device C to tap water pipeline
- the diameter of the main pipe of urban tap water is 1m
- the cross-sectional area S 1 0.785m 2
- the connected generator speed n 3000rpm/min, set
- the main pipe and the device The water inlet is connected with a shrinking tube
- the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the four identical cavities is 0.2m 2
- airfoil thrust arm L 0.5m
- airfoil thrust coefficient c 1
- the cross-sectional area of the water inlet is equal to the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the four cavities, that is, in each cavity
- a bearing is installed on the rotary shaft or rotary joint, and the bearing is fixed with a support frame to improve the rotary stability and safety.
- Device D utilizes water flow with drop potential energy to generate electricity
- the water volume Q 1.1m 3 /s
- the airfoil part thrust arm L 0.8m
- the airfoil part thrust coefficient c 1
- the power generation mode of this method is far superior to the traditional water conservancy power generation mode.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种获得力和转矩并对负载做功的方法及其装置与应用，属新能源，电动汽车，清洁能源发电，旋转机械,永动机等领域，其特征是在能绕轴做回转运动的空腔体内腔中固定安装翼型部件，流体在空腔体中流动时翼形部件受力，该力对回转轴产生转矩，该装置联接负载工作时对负载做功。以此方法制造的装置与旋转机电部件联接构成组合体工作时，组合体传递大于旋转机电部件的转矩，输出的功率大于输入的功率；或利用具有动力源的流动流体流经空腔体，翼型部件获得推力，产生转矩，其输出功率大于流动流体动力源的输入功率。该装置与发电机组合构成能做功的永动机。该装置可做移动装备的动力源，应用该装置发电是全新的清洁能源发电模式。
Description
本发明属于新能源，电动汽车，清洁能源发电，旋转机电产品，对负载做功的永动机等领域。
近几十年来，能源短缺和环境污染问题成为世界关注的焦点，因化石能源的过度应用，大量排放二氧化碳，全球气候变暖，极端天气、自然灾害频现，因此世界各国都在转变传统高能耗，高污染的经济增长方式，大力推进清洁能源和可再生能源的应用和生产。
我国也高度重视清洁能源和新能源的开发和利用，政府大力推进以电动车和氢能汽车逐步代替传统的燃油汽车，大量投资充电桩、氢气加气站等基础设施；淘汰高污染的火力发电站，着力建设风能，太阳能，水利发电等设施。
但是，目前因电动车续航里程、充电时间、充电设施等关键技术和设施的短板，限制了电动汽车的大量普及和使用，虽然也应用电动汽车增程装置，但其实质是燃油发电机，而且增程里程有限；纯电动汽车追求续航里程过度加大电池能量密度，易发生自燃等事故；大量应用电池，将来报废电池的回收处理和环保等又是非常棘手的难题。氢能源车在虽然续航里程和充气时间上已达传统燃油车的水平，但制氢、氢气的运输安全性、加气站等技术和设施有待进一步提升和完善。
长期以来，出现了许多永动机的发明，但至今未见实际应用，大多数永动机的发明违背热力学第一定律即能量守恒定律，热力学第二定律等科学原理。
因此，人们迫切希望有全新的获得能量模式，解决以上存在的问题。
发明内容
为解决上述存在的问题和技术进步，我们提供了一种获得力和转矩并对负载做功的方法及其装置和应用，其方法的特征是，一种具有以下结构的装置，该装置由一个轴和在其径向上与轴垂直或垂向分布的若干个相同的空腔 体构成，空腔体以轴对称分布或等角间隔分布，该装置以轴中心线为回转中心；空腔体在回转轴径向两端上有流体流进、流出的孔，位于其回转轴轴向侧面上靠近回转轴处或位于回转轴上并经轴上的通道与空腔体连通的为里端孔，离回转轴远的孔为外端孔，使流体经由该两个孔自空腔体一端流进空腔体，从另一端流出空腔体，流体流出孔面积不小于流体流入孔面积；空腔体内腔中于回转轴径向远端处即靠近外端孔处固定安装固定翼飞机机翼形部件，该部件整体在内腔中，前缘迎向流动流体，凸面指向装置回转方向；根据伯努利定律、飞机飞行原理，流体流经机翼形部件时对其产生类似飞机升力的推力，使推力方向与空腔体线速度方向相同，即推力方向垂直于回转轴径向与轴向，流体推力对回转轴产生转矩；该装置同轴联接负载工作时，装置对负载做功。
流体有空气和水等液体，有很多种方式使流体流进、流出空腔体；优选流体自里端孔流进空腔体、从外端孔流出的A、B、C、D四种方式，以下结合流体流动方式对翼型部件上产生推力、对回转轴产生转矩以及装置做功原理做进一步说明，并结合流体流动方式推出能对负载做功的永动机模式E；
(1)A方式，流体为空气，空腔体的里端孔位于回转轴轴向侧面靠近回转轴处或位于回转轴上并经轴中的通道与空腔体连通，外端孔的面积大于里端孔的面积，该装置与旋转拖动机或旋转机械同轴同转矩方向刚性联接构成组合体工作时，外端孔回转半径大于里端孔回转半径，外端孔的线速度大于里端孔的线速度，根据伯努利定律，大气对外端孔的静压强小于对里端孔的静压强，即空腔体内腔两端孔间有压强差，转速越高，压强差越大，还有流动空气对外端孔的吸卷作用，因此，空气自里端孔流进空腔体从外端孔流出，即空腔体内有气流流动；气流流经机翼形部件时，对其产生推力，该力对回转轴产生与拖动机或旋转机械同向的转矩，组合体的转矩为旋转拖动机或旋转机械的转矩与空气推力产生的转矩之和，角速度为同一个角速度，根据功率＝转矩×角速度，组合体功率大于拖动机或旋转机械的功率，该组合体联接负载做功时输出的功率大于拖动机或旋转机械输入的功率，即该装置对负载也做功；
(2)B方式，流体为具有动力源的流动空气，空腔体在固定封闭体中回转，封闭体与回转轴滑动密封，封闭体外的回转轴上有里端孔，该孔经回转轴上的通道与空腔体连通，封闭体连接抽空气设备，即以抽空气的方式使 空气自里端孔经轴上的通道流进空腔体，从外端孔流出，再从封闭体中被抽出；空气流经机翼形部件时对其产生推力，对回转轴产生转矩，该装置作为拖动机联接负载时对负载做功，或利用其与旋转拖动机或旋转机械同轴刚性联接构成组合体时保持同一转速的特点，构成组合体共同对负载做功；虽然抽空气设备有能量输入，但采用加大回转半径即加大力臂，增加空腔体数量等措施，使装置输出的功率大于抽空气设备输入的功率；
以下进一步说明其原理：
设：抽空气设备，其功率为P
1，抽气量为Q，P
1为定值时Q也为定值；装置的空腔体数量为n，每件翼型部件面积为s，升力系数为c，空气密度为ρ，翼型部件的力臂为L，空腔体中翼型部件所在处横截面面积之和为S，期望的回转角速度为ω；
空腔体中流经翼形部件的的气流速度v＝Q/S，理论上，P
1＝1/2mv
2＝1/2ρQ(Q/S)
2，m为单位时间质量流量，根据机翼升力公式，单件翼型部件上的空气推力F＝1/2ρcsv
2＝1/2ρcs(Q/S)
2，其转矩T
1＝F×L＝1/2ρcsL(Q/S)
2，全部翼型部件的转矩T
2＝n×T
1＝1/2nρcsL(Q/S)
2，装置的功率P
2＝T
2×ω＝1/2nρcsωL(Q/S)
2,P
2与P
1相除得P
2/P
1＝ncsωL/Q，式中除L外均可视为定值，即总能找到L值，使P
2/P
1＞1，即P
2大于P
1。
(3)C方式，流体为管道中的以泵带动的循环流动液体或具有水头的水等液体，该装置的里端孔所在的回转轴前端上安装旋转接头，旋转接头连接流体流入管道，旋转接头与轴滑动密封，旋转接头内腔中的回转轴上有里端孔，该孔经轴上的通道与空腔体内腔连通；空腔体的外端孔处安装集中流体部件，所有从外端孔流出的液体集中于该部件后流出，该部件上也安装旋转接头，旋转接头与其滑动密封，该旋转接头连接出水管道使流体回流到原管道，即流体经前端旋转接头空腔、里端孔、回转轴中的通道、空腔体，从外端孔流出，经集流体部件与旋转接头回流到原管道中；流体流经机翼形部件时对其产生推力，该力对回转轴产生转矩；对于具有水头的流动水流如自来水，因流体流经机翼形部件时，其动能损失只是划过翼型部件的部分水流与机翼型部件的能量转换，绝大部分水流的流速没有变化，所以原水头损失小，又因回转运动产生的离心运动使水流获得动能，增大水头；流体为泵带动的循环流动液体时，装置的输出功率大于泵的输入功率；该装置做为拖动机使用，联接负载时对负载做功，或与其他旋转拖动机或旋转机械同轴同转 矩方向联接成组合体，共同对负载做功；流体为泵带动的循环流动液体时，装置的输出功率大于流体动力源即泵的输入功率的原理，与B中的说明相同。
(4)D方式，流体为具有势能落差的水流，该装置的回转轴竖直放置，空腔体在水平方向回转，回转轴上安装旋转接头，旋转接头连接进水管，旋转接头与轴滑动密封，旋转接头内腔中的回转轴上有里端孔，该孔经轴上的通道与空腔体内腔连通，使具有势能落差的水流自进水管路经旋转接头空腔、里端孔、回转轴中的通道、空腔体，从外端孔流出；水流流经机翼形部件时对其产生推力，该力对回转轴产生转矩，装置做为拖动机联接发电机发电，对同等水头与流量的水资源，其发电效率优于冲击式能量交换的水力发电方式，原理与B中的说明相同。
(5)E模式，将采用A方式的装置与电动机同轴、同转矩方向刚性联接构成组合体，组合体与发电机联接，其中发电机的输出功率大于电动机的输入功率，工作过程是外部电源启动电动机，装置与电动机回转到额定转速后发电机工作，其发电的部分电能返输入给电动机维持工作，外部电源停止工作，发电机输出其余电能，这种组合机械是能做功的永动机；或将采用B或C方式的装置与发电机联接，其中发电机的输出功率大于使流体流动动力源的输入功率，工作过程是外部电源启动流体动力源工作，装置带动发电机工作，发电机输出的部分电能返输给流体动力源维持工作，外部电源停止工作，发电机输出其余电能，这种组合机械也是能做功的永动机。
以此方法制造的装置特征是，该装置由一个轴和在其径向上与轴垂直或垂向分布的若干个相同的空腔体构成，空腔体以轴对称分布或等角间隔分布，该装置以轴中心线为回转中心，轴的两端或固定有法兰、联轴器、皮带轮、齿轮等联接、传动件用于与旋转拖动机、旋转机械和负载联接；空腔体在回转轴轴向侧面上靠近回转轴处有里端孔，或里端孔位于回转轴上并使该孔经回转轴上的通道与空腔体连通，外端孔位于空腔体最外端，流体流出孔的面积大于流体流入孔的面积；空腔体内固定安装固定翼飞机机翼形部件，机翼形部件整体在空腔体内，遵循杠杆力臂最大原则，该件前缘迎向流动流体，凸面指向回转方向，其受流体推力方向与空腔体线速度方向一致。
流体有空气和水等液体两种流体，有多种方式使流体流进、流出空腔体，对应方法特征中的优选的A、B、C、D四种方式，有优选的装置A、装置B、 装置C、装置D四种装置，以下对对优选的装置以及对负载做功机理做进一步说明，并对永动机E进行说明；
(1)、装置A，流体为空气，装置A在装置共有特征基础上，有以下特征；空气流出的外端孔位于与回转方向反向的侧面即背风面的最外端，或背风面最外端和径向端面整体开孔为外端孔，外端孔面积大于里端孔面积，外端孔之所以在上述位置是为了更充分利用空气的吸卷特性吸出空气，如果外端孔只位于径向端面上，空气在空腔体中振荡，出现空气流出不充分状况；对高速回转的空腔体，所有空腔体轴向两端面用表面光滑盖板封闭，减小空气阻力与紊流，里端孔在空腔体轴向端面上时盖板上的孔与空腔体里端孔相连通，盖板不遮挡外端孔回转轴向侧面，使空气从外端孔的径向和轴向的两侧面上高速流动，加强空气的吸卷作用；机翼形部件选择大升力系数翼型，选择大迎角，不考虑阻力；该装置获得的推力和转矩随着空腔体回转速度、回转半径、外端孔面积、机翼形部件升力系数、机翼形部件面积等的增大而增大。
将该装置与旋转拖动机或旋转机械同轴同转矩方向联接成组合体，组合体回转时，空气从里端孔流进空腔体，从外端孔流出，流经机翼形部件时产生推力，该力对回转轴产生转矩，该转矩与拖动机转矩同向，组合体连接负载做功时，组合体输出大于旋转拖动机或旋转机械输入的功率，即装置也做功。
负载为发电机时，组合体与发电机同轴或多轴刚性联接，工作过程是组合体回转速度达到额定值后发电机正常工作，如发电机励磁电路开路，组合体先回转，转速达到额定转速后闭合励磁电路，组合体对发电机做功；或发电机负载先开路，组合体转速达到额定转速后闭合负载电路，或组合体与发电机的转速同步增大到额定值；或组合体与发电机以离合器、耦合器等方式联接，组合体达到额定转速后联接发电机工作。
该装置或固定联接在双头输出轴拖动机的一端组成组合体，拖动机另一端联接负载，或联接在多轴拖动的轴上组成组合体，或单轴上联接多个该装置组成组合体。
(2)、装置B，流体为流动空气，装置B在装置共有特征基础上有以下特征，空腔体在一个封闭体中回转，封闭体用支持架固定不随空腔体运动，封闭体与回转轴滑动密封；封闭体外的回转轴上有空气流入孔，该孔经回转 轴中的通道与空腔体内腔相连通，封闭体上连接抽空气设备，即以抽空气的方式使空气从轴上的孔经回转轴中的通道流进空腔体内腔，从外端孔流出，再从封闭体抽出；抽气设备工作时，空气在空腔体内流动，流经机翼形部件时对该部件产生推力，对回转轴产生转矩，该装置做为拖动机联接负载时对负载做功；或该装置与旋转拖动机或旋转机械同轴、同转矩方向联接成组合体，共同对负载做功。虽然抽空气设备有能量输入，但采用增加空腔体数量，增大机翼型面积、加大回转半径等手段，使装置做功时对外输出的功率大于抽空气设备输入的功率。
该装置或固定联接在双头输出轴拖动机的一端组成组合体，拖动机另一端联接负载，或联接在多轴拖动的轴上组成组合体，或单轴上连接多个该装置组成组合体。
(3)、装置C，流体为泵带动的循环流动液体或具有水头的水等液体时，装置C在装置共有特征基础上，有以下特征，该装置的轴为由两个同心、半径不同的空心轴和位于二者中间的圆台构成，其轴中心线为回转中心，半径较小的前空心轴为前端开口、后端封闭的中空轴，后空心轴是前端封闭、后端开口的中空轴，回转轴前、后空心轴分别以旋转接头连接流体流入、流出管道，旋转接头非运动部件用支持架固定；圆台的斜面上固定安装若干个相同的以轴中心对称或等角间隔分布的空腔体，其前后端分别与前空心轴和后空心轴内腔连通，空腔体中固定安装机翼形部件，其前缘迎向水流，凸面指向回转方向，受流体推力方向与空腔体线速度方向相同，遵循杠杆力臂最大原则；回转轴上安装联接、传动件用于与发电机等负载联接；流体在空腔体中受沿流动方向的推力和回转轴径向方向的离心力，其合力方向斜向偏离回转中心，为了防止水流的水头损失，水流的流向不做大角度变向，优选空腔体沿圆台斜面斜向布置；该装置经轴上的皮带轮等传动方式联接发电机，利用具有水头的水流发电，其发电过程中原水头损失小，因此，可利用城市自来水管道，引水工程管道中的水流发电；或以泵构成流体循环流动的通道，利用循环流动流体发电，这种方式下，装置输出的功率大于泵输入的功率。
(4)、装置D，流体为具有落差势能的水流时，装置D在装置共有特征基础上有以下特征；该装置由竖直方向的轴和在该轴的下端径向上垂直固定联接的若干个相同并且以轴对称或等角间隔分布的空腔体组成，该装置以轴中心线为回转中心，轴的上端经联轴器、皮带轮等连接传动件与发电机联接， 回转轴的中间位置上安装旋转接头，用支持架固定旋转接头使其不随回转轴运动，旋转接头与回转轴滑动密封，旋转接头上有进水管，旋转接头空腔中的回转轴上有水流流入孔，回转轴中有流通通道，使水流沿旋转接头的空腔、回转轴中的通道流进空腔体，从外端孔流出空腔体；装置的回转轴下端可通过轴承等与支持架联接，提高回转稳定性；空腔体内固定安装固定翼飞机机翼形部件，该部件整体在空腔体内腔中，遵循杠杆力臂最大原则，该部件前缘迎向水流，受力方向与空腔体回转线速度方向相同，即推力的方向与回转轴径向和轴向分别垂直，该力对回转轴产生转矩，带动发电机发电。
对同等水头与流量的水资源，以此方式的发电效率优于传统的冲击式能量交换方式的发电效率，本装置尤其适合水坝高度低的水利设施。
(5)永动机E，将装置A与电动机同轴、同转矩方向联接构成组合体，组合体与发电机联接，其中发电机的输出功率大于电动机的输入功率，工作过程是外部电源启动电动机，装置与电动机回转到额定转速后发电机正常工作，如采用将装置与电动机、发电机转子刚性连接，发电机励磁电路或负载电路先开路，电动机和装置的回转速度达到额定值后闭合励磁电路或负载电路，发电机工作；或采用离合器、耦合器等联接方式将达到额定转速的组合体联接发电机工作，其发电的部分电能返输入给电动机维持工作，外部电源停止工作，发电机的输出其余电能；或将装置B或装置C与发电机联接，发电机的输出功率大于装置流体动力源的输入功率，工作过程是外部电源启动流体动力源工作，装置回转带动发电机工作，发电机输出的部分电能反输给动力源维持工作，外部电源停止工作，发电机输出其余电能；以上两种模式下，装置A与电动机、发电机的组合机械，或装置B或装置C与发电机的组合机械是能对负载做功的永动机。
以上的所有装置中，根据流体质量连续定律，在满足流体动力学流场的前提下，减小翼型部件所在处的空腔体内腔横截面积，获得更高的流体流速，进而获得更大推力和转矩，翼形部件选择大升力系数翼型，大迎角，不考虑流体对翼型部件的冲击阻力。
本发明的装置中，或根据流体的动量定律即反冲原理，使外端孔流体流出方向与空腔体线速度反向，获得反冲力动量矩；实际应用中空腔体高速回转，外端孔线速度大，因此，动量矩作用不明显。
金属材料或非金属材料均适用于制造本发明中的装置。
本方法及其装置所有应用原理均符合能量守恒定律、伯努利定律、飞机飞行原理等科学原理，均可实验验证，并且实验结果。
本发明的有益效果
1、本发明中的装置尤其是装置A与发电机组合，可做电动车，轨道车辆，工程机械，船舶，飞行器等移动机械装备的动力源，或做增程器在行驶中给动力电池充电，本发明可彻底解决目前电动汽车存在的续航里程不足，充电设施不充分，电池能量密度过大，自燃等事故频发等问题，还可大量减少动力电池的使用量，解决了电池的回收和处理等难题，有益于环境保护。
2、本发明中的装置尤其是装置A与电动机固定联接成组合体，组合体联接发电机，可做到用电能来生产出更多的电能，是真正的清洁能源发电，是一个全新的发电模式。
3、本发明中装置D应用与水力发电领域，为堤坝高度低的水利设施提供了可行的发电方法。
4、本发明中的装置尤其是装置A与如机床主轴联接构成组合体，组合体的转矩大于主轴电机的转矩，输出功率大于主轴电机输入的功率，可进行大扭矩高速加工，提高加工效率。机床如加工中心，车床，磨床等工作时都是主轴先旋转后工具与工件接触进行加工，尤其适合应用本发明，并且不需改变机床结构。
5、本发明中的装置尤其是装置A联接在电动机轴、内燃机的输出轴、变速箱的输入输出轴、泵轴等上，可获得增大的扭矩进而增大功率，可节省能源。
6、本发明中的装置C可利用具有水头的水流获得转矩，联接发电机时做功，做功过程中对水头没影响很小，可利用城市自来水、引水工程中的水流发电。
7、本发明中的装置A应用于风力发电的叶片上，增大叶片的转矩，可以提高风力发电效率。
8、本发明中的装置尤其是装置A与电动机、发电机组合，或装置B或装置C与发电机组合，其中发电机的输出功率大于电动机的输入功率或流体动力源的输入功率；电动机或动力源启动工作，发电机输出电能，输出电能中的一部分返输入到电动机或动力源上，电动机或动力源停止从外部输入电能，此时上述组合机械是对负载能做功的永动机。这种永动机原理符合能量 守恒定律，伯努利定律等科学原理。
图1为装置A线架图；
图中标记：1、回转轴；2、空腔体；3、里端孔；4、外端孔；5、外端孔；6机翼形部件；7、联接、传动部件；8、盖板；
图2为装置D线架图；
图中标记：1、回转轴；2、旋转接头；3、外端孔；4、机翼形部件；5、联接、传动部件；6、进水管；7、里端孔；8、空腔体；9、支撑轴承；10、空腔体里端孔。
以下对发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，并举例进行计算说明，举例计算说明是为了进一步说明本发明的新颖性、创造性、实用性，与实际应用的参数、数据有差异。显然，所能描述的实施例仅仅是本发明中的一部分较佳实施例，而不是本发明的全部实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1；装置A，流体为空气，拖动机为电动机，负载为发电机；电动机，装置，发电机依次同轴串联固定联接，其中发电机的额定输出功率大于电动机额定输入功率，忽略摩檫力等造成的能量损失。
工作过程是发电机励磁电路开路，电动机启动，带动装置与发电机转子回转，转速达到额定值后闭合发电机励磁电路，发电机工作，输出功率；
通过举例计算进一步说明，
假设，电动机功率P＝10kw，转速n＝3000rpm，转矩T
0＝P/ω＝10000/2/π/3000×60＝32N.m，ω为角速度，空腔体外端孔回转半径r
1＝0.3m，里端孔回转半径r
2＝0.05m，4个空腔体对称分布，每个翼型件面积s＝0.3m×0.1m＝0.03m
2，翼型部件推力力臂L＝0.25m，翼型部件升力系数c＝0.8，实际上很多经典机翼升力系数都能超过1；以下忽略摩擦等引起的能量损失，计算结果四舍五入计入。
电动机启动，外端孔线速度v
1＝r
1ω＝0.3×2×π×3000/60＝94m/s，其中ω为 角速度，根据伯努利定律P
0＝P
1+1/2ρv
2
1，其中大气压P
0＝101KPa，P
1为大气对外端孔的静压强，ρ＝1.29kg/m
3为空气密度，P
1＝P
0－1/2ρv
2
1＝101000－1/2×1.29×94×94＝95300Pa，同理得里端孔处大气静压P
2＝100835Pa，空腔体内两端孔静压强差△P＝P
2-P
1＝100835－95300＝5535Pa，空腔体内气流速度
根据机翼升力公式，F＝1/2ρcsv
2,其中ρ为空气密度，c为机翼升力系数，s为机翼面积，v是气流速度，一个翼型部件上的推力F
0＝1/2×1.29×0.8×0.03×93×93＝134N.该力的转矩T
0＝F
0×L＝134×0.25＝34N.m，4个翼型部件的总推力转矩T
1＝34×4＝136N.m
，电动机与装置组合体总转矩T＝T
0+T
1＝32+136＝168N.m,组合体转速为电动机转速，所以发电机发电功率P
G＝Tω＝168×2×π×3000/60＝51182w＝53kw，即10kw电动机与装置联接成组合体能输出53kw的功率，即发电机的输出功率为53Kw。
实施例2；装置B，流体为空气，四个空腔体在封闭体中回转，装置与发电机同轴连接，假设；封闭体上的抽气设备的功率P
1＝2.2Kw，风量Q＝18000m3/h，这种风机为市场上很普遍的风机，发电机转速为3000转/分，空腔体外端孔回转半径r＝1m，四件空腔体对称分布，每个翼型件面积s＝0.3m×0.1m＝0.03m
2，翼型部件推力力臂L＝0.8m，翼型部件升力系数c＝0.8，每件空腔体外端孔面积为S
1＝0.3m×0.1m＝0.03m
2，以下忽略摩擦等引起的能量损失，计算结果四舍五入计入；
计算；四个空腔体外端孔面积之和S
2＝0.03×4＝0.12m
2，空腔体内腔及外端孔的气流流速V＝Q/S
2＝42m/s，一个翼型部件上的推力F＝1/2ρcsv
2＝27N，每件翼型部件的力矩T
1＝F×L＝22N.m，4件空腔体力矩T
2＝87N.m，发电机转速为3000转/分，发电功率P＝T
2×ω＝87×2×π×3000/60＝27Kw，即2.2Kw的输入功率产出27Kw的输出功率。
实施例3；将装置A与机床主轴，内燃机输出轴，变速箱输入、输出轴，空调压缩机电机固定串联联接或多轴联接，传递增大的转矩，输出功率大于输入功率。
以机床举例计算说明；机床为立式加工中心，主轴功率为P
0＝15Kw，主轴转速为n＝10000rpm，该转速下主轴电机扭矩为15.N.m，将装置与机床主轴同轴固定串联连接，装置的尺寸；r
1＝0.15m，r
2＝0.03m，4个空腔体，每个机翼型面积为s＝0.2m×0.1m＝0.02m
2，机翼型部件力臂L＝0.1m，翼型部件的升力系数为0.8，忽略摩檫力等阻力影响，计算结果四舍五入。
主轴以该转速旋转时，远端孔线速度v
1＝r
1ω＝0.15×2×π×10000/60＝157m/s，其中ω为角速度，根据伯努利定律P
0＝P
1+1/2ρv
2
1，其中大气压P
0＝101KPa，P
1为大气对远端孔的静压强，ρ＝1.29kg/m
3为空气密度
P
1＝P
0－1/2ρv
2
1＝101000－1/2×1.29×157×157＝85101Pa，同理得出空腔体里端孔大气静压P
2＝100380Pa，空腔体两端静压强差△P＝P
2-P
1＝100380－85101＝15279Pa，空腔体内的气流速度
根据机翼升力公式，F＝1/2ρcsv
2,其中ρ为空气密度，c为机翼升力系数，s为机翼面积，v是气流速度，单个翼型部件上的推力F
0＝1/2×1.29×0.8×0.02×154×154＝245N.该力的转矩T
0＝F
0×L＝245×0.1＝25N.m，4个翼型部件的总推力转矩T
1＝25×4＝100N.m
，主轴与装置组合体在该转速下总转矩T＝T
0+T
1＝15100＝115N.m,功率P＝T×ω＝115×2×π×100000/60＝120Kw。在该转速下组合体传递的转矩大于主轴原有的转矩，输出功率大于主轴电机的功率，有利于进行高转速大扭矩加工。
实施例4；将装置C应用于自来水管道；
以下举例计算进一步说明；城市自来水主管道直径1m，横截面积S
1＝0.785m
2，水流速为v
1＝3m/s,联接的发电机转速n＝3000rpm/min，设；主管道与装置进水口缩管联接，装置进水口横截面S
2＝0.2m
2，，4个相同空腔体的内腔横截面积之和为0.2m
2，每个机翼型部件面积为s＝0.2m×0.1m＝0.02m
2,翼型部件推力力臂L＝0.5m，翼型部件推力系数c＝1，水的密度ρ＝1000kg/m
3，忽略摩檫力等阻力因素，计算结果四舍五入计入。
根据质量守恒定律，装置进水口水流速为v
2＝S
1×v
1/S
2＝12m/s，进水口横截面积等于4个空腔体横截面积之和，即每个空腔体内的流速为装置进水口的流速v＝12m/s，单个空腔体中的机翼型部件上的推力F
0＝1/2ρcsv
2＝1/2×1000×1×0.02×12×12＝1440N,其转矩T
0＝F
0×L＝1440×0.5＝720N.m，其总转矩T
1＝T
0×4＝720×4＝2880N.m，发电机输出功率P＝T×ω＝2880×2×π×3000/60＝1446912w＝904Kw
实际应用中采取增加空腔体数量、加大空腔体回转半径、减小机翼型部件处的内腔横截面积等手段，均可增大发电机输出功率。回转轴或旋转接头上安装轴承，该轴承用支持架固定，提高回转稳定性和安全性。
实施例5；装置D利用具有落差势能的水流发电；
假设进水水头H＝10m，水量Q＝1.1m
3/s，空腔体回转半径r＝1m，4个空腔体，每个机翼型部件面积为S＝0.2m×0.1m＝0.02m
2,翼型部件推力力臂 L＝0.8m，翼型部件推力系数c＝1，水的密度ρ＝1000kg/m
3，发电机转速n＝1500rpm/min，
计算；根据能量守恒定律，一定质量水的势能等于空腔体外端孔同质量水流出的动能，即mgH＝1/2mv
2
1，其中m为水的质量，v
1是空腔体远端孔水流流出速度，得
单个机翼型部件上的推力F
0＝1/2ρcsv
1
2＝1/2×1000×1×0.02×14×14＝1960N,其转矩T
0＝F
0×L＝1960×0.8＝1568N.m，4个空腔体总转矩T
1＝T
0×4＝1568×4＝6272N.m，发电机输出的功率为P
1＝T
1×ω＝6272×2×π×1500/60＝984704w＝985Kw
传统的冲击式能量交换的水力发电模式在忽略能量损失的前提下，以上述水头和流量，发电功率P
1＝gHQ＝9.8×10×1.1＝108kw，本方法的发电模式远优于传统的水利发电模式。
以上是优选的较佳实施例，每个实施例都是根据具体流体和对应的具体装置、工作原理和工作过程进行了描述，各个实施例之间的相同相似部分互相参见即可。对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域的专业技术人员实现或使用本发明。对这种实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本发明中的方法在不脱离本发明的精神或范围下，可以在其他实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的保护范围。
Claims (10)
- 一种获得力和转矩并对负载做功的方法及其装置与应用，其特征是，一种具有以下结构的装置，该装置由一个轴和在其径向上与轴垂直或垂向分布的若干个相同的空腔体构成，空腔体以轴对称分布或等角间隔分布，该装置以轴中心线为回转中心，回转轴两端上或固定有联接、传动部件，用以与旋转拖动机、旋转机械、负载联接；空腔体在回转轴径向两端上各有孔，使流体经由该两孔自空腔体的一端流进空腔体，从另一端流出空腔体，靠近回转轴的里端孔位于空腔体的回转轴向侧面上，或位于回转轴上并经回转轴上的通道与空腔体连通，外端孔位于空腔体的回转轴径向最外端；空腔体内腔中于回转轴径向远端处固定安装固定翼飞机机翼形部件，该件整体在内腔中，前缘迎向流动流体，凸面指向装置回转方向；根据伯努利定律以及飞机飞行原理，流体流经机翼形部件时对其产生类似飞机升力的推力，使推力方向与空腔体线速度方向相同，即推力方向垂直于回转轴径向与轴向，该推力对回转轴产生转矩，该装置联接负载工作时，装置对负载做功。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种获得力和转矩并对负载做功的方法及其装置与应用，其特征在于，流体为空气，空腔体外端孔位于与旋转方向反向的侧面即背风面最外端，或背风面最外端与径向端面整体开孔为外端孔，空腔体外端孔面积大于里端孔面积；该装置与旋转拖动机或旋转机械同轴、同转矩方向联接成组合体工作时，因外端孔的回转半径大于里端孔的回转半径，外端孔的线速度大于里端孔的线速度，大气对外端孔的静压强小于对里端孔的静压强，加上空气对外端孔的吸卷作用，因此，空气自里端孔流进空腔体从外端孔流出，即在空腔体内腔中有空气流动；流体流经机翼型部件时对其产生类似飞机升力的推力，该力对回转轴产生转矩，组合体的转矩为旋转拖动机或旋转机械的转矩与装置产生的转矩之和，组合体与旋转拖动机或旋转机械的角速度相同，根据功率＝转矩×角速度，组合体的功率大于旋转拖动机或旋转机械输入的功率，该组合体联接负载工作时，该装置对负载做功。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种获得力和转矩并对负载做功的方法及其装置与应用，其特征在于，流体为空气，空腔体在一个封闭体内回转，封闭体与回转轴滑动密封，封闭体不随空腔体运动，封闭体联接抽空气设备，空 气自封闭体外的回转轴上的里端孔经轴上的通道流进空腔体，从外端孔流出，再从封闭体中被抽出，即空腔体内腔中有空气流动；翼型部件上的空气推力对轴产生转矩；装置做为拖动机联接负载做功，或与旋转机电设备同轴同转矩方向联接，利用其工作时保持同一回转速度的特性，共同对负载做功，该装置工作时其输出功率大于抽空气设备的输入功率。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种获得力和转矩并对负载做功的方法及其装置与应用，其特征在于，流体为泵带动的循环通道中的流动液体或具有水头的管道中的液体，装置的外端孔处固定有集流体部件，使从外端孔流出的流体集中于该部件；里端孔所在的回转轴前端联接旋转接头，旋转接头连接进水管路；回转轴后端的集水部件上也安装旋转接头，该旋转接头与原流体管道连通；使流体经前端的旋转接头、里端孔、轴上的流体通道流进空腔体，从外端孔流出，经集流体部件、后端的旋转接头流入原管道；翼型部件上的流体推力对轴产生转矩；该装置做为拖动机联接负载做功，或与旋转机电设备同轴同转矩方向联接，利用其保持同一回转速度的特点，共同对负载做功；流体为泵带动的循环通道中的流动液体时，装置的输出功率大于泵的输入功率；流体为具有水头的流动液体时，流体流经该装置后原水头损失小。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种获得力和转矩并对负载做功的方法及其装置与应用，其特征在于，流体为具有势能落差的水流，装置的回转轴竖直放置，空腔体在在水平方向回转，轴上联接旋转接头，旋转接头连接进水管路，使水流经旋转接头、轴中的通道流入空腔体，再从空腔体外端孔流出，即空腔体中有水流流动，装置作为拖动机联接发电机发电，对同等水头与流量的水资源，其发电效率优于冲击式能量交换的水力发电模式。
- 根据权利要求1或权利要求2或权利要求3或权利要求4所述的一种获得力和转矩并对负载做功的方法及其装置与应用，其特征在于，将权利要求2中的装置与电动机、发电机联接构成组合体，或将权利要求3或权利要求4中的装置与发电机联接构成组合体，做移动装备的动力源，或做电动移动装备的增程器，行进中给动力电池充电，其中发电机的输出功率大于电动机或使流体流动的动力源的输入功率；其工作过程为用移动装备的电池启动电动机或流体动力源工作，发电机工作后部分电能返输给电动机或流体动力源维持工作，电池停止工作，发电机的其余电能用于移动装备的动力源或给动力电池充电，或做增程器行进中给动力电池充电；移动装备包含有汽车、 工程机械、轨道车辆、飞行器、船舶、摩托车。
- 根据权利要求1或权利要求2或权利要求3或权利要求4所述的一种获得力和转矩并对负载做功的方法及其装置与应用，其特征在于，将权利要求2中的装置与电动机、发电机联接或将权利要求3或权利要求4中的装置与发电机联接应用于发电，发电机的输出功率大于带动装置旋转的拖动机或旋转机械的输入功率，或大于使流体流动的动力源的输入功率，这是用电生产更多电能的全新生产方式。
- 根据权利要求1或权利要求2或权利要求3或权利要求4所述的一种获得力和转矩并对负载做功的方法及其装置与应用，其特征在于，将该装置以同转矩方向同轴或多轴固定联接在旋转机电部件上构成组合体；权利要求2的装置工作时，组合体传递的转矩大于旋转机电部件的转矩，输出功率大于旋转机电部件的输入功率；权利要求3或权利要求4中的装置工作时，组合体输出功率大于旋转机电部件与装置的流体流动动力源的输入功率之和；旋转机电部件包含有电动机轴、机床主轴、内燃机输出轴、变速箱输入与输出轴、传动轴、泵轴、汽轮机输出轴、风力发电机叶片。
- 根据权利要求1或权利要求4所述的一种获得力和转矩并对负载做功的方法及其装置与应用，其特征在于，将装置与发电机联接，空腔体与具有水头的流动水流管道联通，使水流经空腔体后回流到原管道中；该装置对发电机做功，发电机输出电能，发电过程中原水头损失小；该装置利用自来水管道、引水工程管道，污水处理管道中的水流发电。
- 根据权利要求1或权利要求2或权利要求3或权利要求4所述的一种获得力和转矩并对负载做功的方法及其装置与应用，其特征在于，(1)将权利要求2中的装置与电动机、发电机联接成组合机械，其中发电机额定输出功率大于电动机额定功率，工作过程是用外部电源启动电动机，电动机与装置达到额定转速后发电机工作，发电机输出电能，发电机将部分电能返输入到电动机使其维持工作，外部电源停止工作，发电机输出其余电能；(2)将权利要求3或权利要求4中的装置与发电机联接，其中发电机的额定输出功率大于装置的使流体流动动力源的输入功率，外部电源启动装置流体动力源工作，装置带动发电机工作输出电能，其部分电能返输入给装置的流体动力源维持工作，外部电源停止工作，发电机输出其余电能；上述的装置与电动机、发电机的组合机械，或装置与发电机的组合机械是能对负载做功的永 动机。
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| US20050060875A1 (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2005-03-24 | Minebea Co., Ltd. | Device for the manufacture of a shaft assembly for a hydrodynamic bearing |
| CN101240768A (zh) * | 2007-02-09 | 2008-08-13 | 胡伟 | 利用流体为动力的发电装置 |
| CN101714789A (zh) * | 2009-10-21 | 2010-05-26 | 上海海光电机有限公司 | 易于散热的永磁电机 |
| CN111404353A (zh) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-07-10 | 中国科学技术大学 | 一种基于液态金属驱动的旋转电机 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20050060875A1 (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2005-03-24 | Minebea Co., Ltd. | Device for the manufacture of a shaft assembly for a hydrodynamic bearing |
| CN101240768A (zh) * | 2007-02-09 | 2008-08-13 | 胡伟 | 利用流体为动力的发电装置 |
| CN101714789A (zh) * | 2009-10-21 | 2010-05-26 | 上海海光电机有限公司 | 易于散热的永磁电机 |
| CN111404353A (zh) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-07-10 | 中国科学技术大学 | 一种基于液态金属驱动的旋转电机 |
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