WO2022114996A1 - Замкнутый энергетический цикл - Google Patents
Замкнутый энергетический цикл Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022114996A1 WO2022114996A1 PCT/RU2021/050181 RU2021050181W WO2022114996A1 WO 2022114996 A1 WO2022114996 A1 WO 2022114996A1 RU 2021050181 W RU2021050181 W RU 2021050181W WO 2022114996 A1 WO2022114996 A1 WO 2022114996A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- working fluid
- phase
- inert gas
- cycle
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- UZCVQCGTEJGBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ar].CCCC Chemical compound [Ar].CCCC UZCVQCGTEJGBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy using as a working fluid a mixture of insoluble or poorly soluble in each other substances that are in equilibrium in the liquid and gas phases.
- a closed energy cycle is known (according to patent RU2304722), in which a mixture of substances is used as a working fluid, consisting of several components that are in equilibrium in the liquid and gas phases.
- the working fluid In the first working phase, at the initial temperature and initial pressure, the working fluid expands with the performance of work and subsequent heat removal. The expansion of the working fluid and the subsequent removal of heat is carried out to a temperature at which the working fluid is separated into a gas phase and a liquid phase.
- the liquid phase of the working fluid is separated from the gas phase and separately compressed. After compression, the liquid phase is heated by heat supply and mixed with the gas phase to form a working fluid at the initial temperature.
- a closed energy cycle is known (according to patent RU2114999) in which a gas is added to the working fluid placed in the tank, the molecular weight of which does not exceed the molecular weight of the working fluid, and thermal energy is imparted to this liquid from a device for heating the working fluid to bring it into steam . Then the working liquid in the vapor phase is supplied to the device for converting energy into mechanical work, with the expansion of the working liquid and the decrease in temperature. Gas is separated from the expanded and cooled working fluid. The expanded and cooled liquid in the liquid phase and the released gas are cyclically returned to the reservoir.
- Water is used as a working fluid, into which it is heated in a tank to produce steam and hydrogen or helium is added to it in an amount of 0.1 to 9 wt.% to form a gas-steam mixture having increased values of enthalpy and compressibility coefficient.
- An open energy cycle is known (according to the application US2005172623), which uses a heated carrier gas, which is adiabatically compressed, the heat released from compression is absorbed by the boiling liquid injected from the reservoir, which is consumed during operation. pump up liquid into a constant volume of carrier gas, while part of the liquid passes into the gas phase. Then, the temperature of the gas mixture is equalized before the rapid expansion step at constant volume. There is a transfer of thermal energy from the carrier gas to the injected liquid. If there is enough temperature difference to transfer heat, further evaporation of the liquid will occur. Then, there is an adiabatic expansion of the mixture in the expander. The mixture is depleted and collected in a condenser to separate the mixture into its components. Then, the carrier gas returns to the beginning of the cycle. The liquid is consumed during the cycle and cannot be returned to its beginning
- a closed energy cycle is known (according to patent RU2148722), selected as a prototype, in which, as a working substance, a gas-liquid solution of butane and nitrogen is used, which has inverse temperature solubility.
- the first working phase the volume of the chamber expands, the pressure drops, during expansion, mechanical work is performed, with an increase in volume and a drop in pressure, the gas phase is released, which is accompanied by the release of heat.
- the gas dissolves in the liquid, which is accompanied by the absorption of heat, so the work of compression decreases. Due to the limited solubility of nitrogen in butane, it is necessary to heat the solution during the compression stage, and besides, butane does not change its phase state in the cycle. Both of these factors also reduce the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
- the technical objective of the invention is to increase the thermal efficiency of the energy cycle.
- thermodynamic cycle in which the thermodynamic states of the working fluid, in our case, a gas-liquid mixture, coincide at the beginning and at the end.
- this concept includes those processes in which it is allowed to add or remove components of the working fluid, due, for example, to losses, leaks, or, if necessary, change the state or mode of operation of a heat engine using this cycle.
- the working fluid is fed to the compression phase in the ratio at which the liquid evaporates due to the heating of the compressible inert gas, then the working fluid in the gas phase is heated and sent to the expander to perform work, after which the working fluid the body is brought to its original temperature by means of heat exchange and returned to the beginning of the cycle.
- the temperature of the working fluid is measured at the end of the compression phase and, depending on the temperature, the ratio of inert gas and liquid is regulated when they are supplied to the compression phase.
- Argon is used as an inert gas
- butane is used as a liquid.
- Freon or saturated hydrocarbon can be used as a liquid.
- figure 1 diagram of the energy cycle
- fig. 2 phase diagram T - P for a pair of argon - butane.
- a mixture of an inert gas and a liquid which is in the liquid phase at the beginning of the cycle, is used as a working fluid.
- the inert gas and liquid are either in as a mixture of gases, or as a mixture (rather than a solution) of a gas and a liquid.
- the working fluid is supplied to the compression phase A-B, to the compressor 1, in the ratio at which the compressible inert gas is heated. Due to the heat released in this case, boiling and complete evaporation of the liquid occur.
- the process is characterized by low mechanical costs for compression, since the temperature and enthalpy change insignificantly, little work is done.
- Cyclic positive displacement compressors eg reciprocating, screw
- An inert gas and liquid are simultaneously supplied to this volume for compression. In each compressor cycle, a certain amount of inert gas and liquid is supplied so that the heat from the compression of the inert gas is equal to the heat required by the liquid for complete evaporation.
- the ratio of inert gas and liquid is regulated when they are supplied to the compression phase in such a way as to ensure maximum efficiency of the compression phase in the steady operating mode of the heat engine: excess liquids can lead to incomplete evaporation, an excess of inert gas will lead to mechanical energy losses for compressing the working fluid.
- control and adjustment can be carried out using a controller connected to a thermometer and metered injection devices.
- the working fluid which is at the outlet of the compressor 1 in the gas phase, is heated at a constant pressure in the heater 2 (energy cycle phase B-C) to the calculated temperature, which can be used as a heated container.
- the design temperature is chosen in such a way as to ensure the maximum thermal efficiency of the cycle: it is necessary to heat up to such a temperature that, during subsequent expansion in the expander 3, the mixture of gases cools down almost to the dew point for the liquid. If drops of liquid appear in the cavity of the expander 3, they cease to perform useful work (underheating). If overheated, then it will be necessary to take away excess heat in the condenser 4.
- the working fluid is sent to the expander 3 to perform mechanical work (expansion phase C-D), the heat engine converts thermal energy into mechanical energy (and then, for example, into electrical energy).
- the heat engine converts thermal energy into mechanical energy (and then, for example, into electrical energy).
- any of the known mechanisms can be used, for example, a turbine.
- the working fluid is fed to the cooling phase D-A, to the condenser 4 (heat exchanger), where, by means of heat exchange, it is brought to the initial temperature and returned to the beginning of the cycle.
- the condenser 4 heat exchanger
- the cycle involves 1 kg of argon and 0.1356 kg of liquid butane.
- the initial pressure for this mixture is 3 bar at 30°C.
- Compressor 1 compresses the mixture (working fluid) to 8 bar with complete evaporation of butane.
- the temperature of the gaseous working fluid will be 69 °C.
- the mixture is heated to 100 ° C and it does work in expander 3, while the pressure is reduced to 3 bar, the temperature is up to 31 °C.
- condenser 4 with a slight decrease in temperature to 30 °C, butane passes into the liquid phase, and argon with liquid butane returns to the beginning of the cycle.
- the calculated thermal efficiency of such a process is about 90%.
- other gases can be used as an inert gas: krypton, xenon, helium, neon, which have similar physical and physical properties. So, below is a table of energy cycle parameters using such gases.
- any liquid can be used as a liquid that can be mixed with an inert gas (is non-volatile, being in a liquid phase) under the conditions of a condenser and evaporating in a compressor.
- the most suitable liquids are low-boiling substances (substances with a low specific heat of vaporization), for example, they include, but are not limited to, all freons and saturated hydrocarbons. Obviously, there are a lot of such substances and it is impossible to describe the features of the energy cycle for all inert gas-liquid pairs. As examples, the table shows the parameters of the energy cycle for different pairs:
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2020138358 | 2020-11-24 | ||
RU2020138358A RU2747894C1 (ru) | 2020-11-24 | 2020-11-24 | Замкнутый энергетический цикл |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022114996A1 true WO2022114996A1 (ru) | 2022-06-02 |
Family
ID=75920003
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/RU2021/050181 WO2022114996A1 (ru) | 2020-11-24 | 2021-06-24 | Замкнутый энергетический цикл |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
RU (1) | RU2747894C1 (ru) |
WO (1) | WO2022114996A1 (ru) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EA000058B1 (ru) * | 1996-02-09 | 1998-04-30 | Эксерджи Инк. | Способ преобразования тепла в полезную энергию и устройство для его осуществления |
RU2148722C1 (ru) * | 1998-09-24 | 2000-05-10 | Научно-исследовательская фирма "Эн-Ал" | Энергетический цикл, в котором используется смесь |
US20110061388A1 (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2011-03-17 | General Electric Company | Direct evaporator apparatus and energy recovery system |
-
2020
- 2020-11-24 RU RU2020138358A patent/RU2747894C1/ru active
-
2021
- 2021-06-24 WO PCT/RU2021/050181 patent/WO2022114996A1/ru active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EA000058B1 (ru) * | 1996-02-09 | 1998-04-30 | Эксерджи Инк. | Способ преобразования тепла в полезную энергию и устройство для его осуществления |
RU2148722C1 (ru) * | 1998-09-24 | 2000-05-10 | Научно-исследовательская фирма "Эн-Ал" | Энергетический цикл, в котором используется смесь |
US20110061388A1 (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2011-03-17 | General Electric Company | Direct evaporator apparatus and energy recovery system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2747894C1 (ru) | 2021-05-17 |
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