WO2022114081A1 - 放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計 - Google Patents
放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022114081A1 WO2022114081A1 PCT/JP2021/043270 JP2021043270W WO2022114081A1 WO 2022114081 A1 WO2022114081 A1 WO 2022114081A1 JP 2021043270 W JP2021043270 W JP 2021043270W WO 2022114081 A1 WO2022114081 A1 WO 2022114081A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sodium
- gel
- radiation dose
- gel dosimeter
- dosimeter
- Prior art date
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004366 Glucose oxidase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 108010015776 Glucose oxidase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019420 glucose oxidase Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229940116332 glucose oxidase Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical group NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- WPKYZIPODULRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound N.OC(=O)C=C WPKYZIPODULRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GWBBVOVXJZATQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L etidronate disodium Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP(=O)([O-])C(O)(C)P(O)([O-])=O GWBBVOVXJZATQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OCC[NH+]1CCN(CCS([O-])(=O)=O)CC1 JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002148 Gellan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007995 HEPES buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010492 gellan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000216 gellan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- TVHALOSDPLTTSR-UHFFFAOYSA-H hexasodium;[oxido-[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl]oxyphosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O TVHALOSDPLTTSR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229940123973 Oxygen scavenger Drugs 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- YTVQIZRDLKWECQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzoylcyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1CCCCC1=O YTVQIZRDLKWECQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 12
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- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002595 magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 description 7
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- AZJYLVAUMGUUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-A u1qj22mc8e Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3 AZJYLVAUMGUUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- -1 carboxy anion Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
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- YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citric acid monohydrate Chemical compound O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L disodium;(2r)-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].COC1=CC=CC(C[C@H](CS([O-])(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004980 dosimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
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- XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B lithium magnesium sodium silicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3 XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 2
- 229940091250 magnesium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940088644 n,n-dimethylacrylamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)C=C YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
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- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005499 phosphonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229960004838 phosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M sodium ascorbate Substances [Na+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000010378 sodium ascorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005055 sodium ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000264 spin echo pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009199 stereotactic radiation therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/02—Dosimeters
- G01T1/04—Chemical dosimeters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gel dosimeter for a radiation dosimeter. More specifically, the present invention relates to a polymer gel dosimeter for radiation dose measurement for verifying a three-dimensional dose distribution of a treatment plan for radiation therapy such as cancer.
- stereotactic radiotherapy SRT: Stereotactic Radiation Therapy
- irradiation field are set three-dimensionally along the contour of the cancer by changing the dose intensity in the same irradiation field.
- High-precision treatments such as intensity-modulated stereotactic radiotherapy (IMPT) that can be performed have also been introduced, and these treatment methods apply microscopic energy to each of the three-dimensional positions of the target.
- the integrated value ie, dose distribution
- particle beam therapy using charged particle beams with high dose concentration such as proton beams and heavy particle beams (carbon beams, neon beams, etc.) is being carried out.
- Particle beam therapy has the advantage that the irradiation position and dose of irradiation can be controlled with higher accuracy than conventional X-ray therapy to treat a tumor.
- What is required in particle beam therapy is to properly release energy from the particle beam at the target position such as a lesion in the living tissue, and to have as little effect on the normal tissue around the target as possible. It is compatible with.
- the radial spread of the particle beam and the position of the Bragg peak of the particle beam are aligned with respect to the target position in the irradiated body.
- the dose distribution at each position in three dimensions in the living tissue is optimized.
- the dose distribution in the target tissue dose by radiation to each position
- the dose distribution in the target tissue is deformed according to the purpose of treatment, and at the same time, the influence of radiation on the surrounding normal tissue is suppressed, and the risk organ (organ at). The effect on risk) is also minimized.
- the beam may be precisely controlled and irradiated from multiple directions. This control is equipped with filters and collimators (range shifter, multi-leaf collimator, bolus, etc.) that are adjusted according to the irradiated object.
- Quality assurance and quality control (high quality assurance and quality control) in the entire equipment including the irradiation equipment, accessories, filters, collimators, etc., and the irradiation processing by those equipments.
- Quality assurance and quality control (hereinafter abbreviated as "QA / QC") is required.
- the dose distribution is actually measured with respect to one-dimensional or two-dimensional coordinates in the region where the particle beam is aligned with the target position.
- gel dosimeters that can measure three-dimensional dose distribution using the measurement principle of chemical dosimeters have been attracting attention.
- a gel dosimeter it is possible to accurately measure the amount of energy given by radiation at each position of water, which is a material that can be regarded as equivalent to a living body, that is, to measure the amount of radiation in a bioequivalent substance or water equivalent substance. It also has the advantage that the effect can be measured.
- the gel dosimeter can acquire a three-dimensional dose distribution while using itself as a solid phantom.
- Fricke gel dosimeters capable of measuring a three-dimensional dose distribution
- a Fricke gel dosimeter Patent Document 1
- a polymer gel dosimeter Patent Document 2, Patent Document 3
- a dye gel dosimeter As gel dosimeters capable of measuring a three-dimensional dose distribution, for example, a Fricke gel dosimeter (Patent Document 1), a polymer gel dosimeter (Patent Document 2, Patent Document 3), and a dye gel dosimeter have been reported.
- the Fricke gel dosimeter is a gel containing a solution of the Fricke dosimeter (an aqueous solution containing ferrous sulfate) known as a liquid chemical dosimeter, and is a divalent to trivalent iron oxidation reaction (coloring) associated with irradiation. However, it utilizes the fact that it increases in proportion to the absorbed dose.
- polymer gel dosimeters In conventional polymer gel dosimeters, water-soluble polymerizable monomers such as methacrylic acid and acrylamide are used. In the polymerization reaction of these polymerizable monomers, the presence of oxygen (O 2 ) in the reactants is inhibited, so that deoxidation treatment is generally performed. In the conventional polymer gel dosimeter, tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride, sodium ascorbate, copper sulfate and the like are added as oxygen scavengers, but sufficient effects have not been obtained. Therefore, there has been a demand for a more effective deoxidizing method for polymer gel dosimeters. In addition, the polymer gel dosimeter reads by MRI after irradiation.
- the present invention relates to a gel dosimeter for radiation dose measurement containing a radically polymerizable monomer, a gelling agent, glucose, and glucose oxidase as a first aspect.
- the gelling agent is selected from the group consisting of salts of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium including gelatin, agarose, xanthan gum, carrageenan, gellan gum, chitosan, and alginic acid and their partial neutrals.
- the present invention relates to a gel dosimeter for measuring radiation dose according to the first aspect, which is one type or two or more types.
- the third aspect relates to the gel dosimeter for radiation dose measurement according to the first aspect, wherein the gelling agent is composed of polyvinyl alcohol and glutaraldehyde or borax.
- the gelling agent is a water-soluble organic polymer (A) having an organic acid structure, an organic acid salt structure or an organic acid anion structure, a silicate (B) and a dispersant (C) of the silicate. ),
- A water-soluble organic polymer having an organic acid structure, an organic acid salt structure or an organic acid anion structure
- the radiation dose according to the fourth aspect wherein the water-soluble organic polymer (A) is a completely neutralized, partially neutralized polyacrylic acid salt or a mixture thereof having a weight average molecular weight of 1 million to 10 million.
- the gel dose meter for measurement Regarding the gel dose meter for measurement.
- the fourth or fifth aspect wherein the silicate (B) is one or more water-swellable silicates selected from the group consisting of smectite, bentonite, vermiculite, and mica.
- the present invention relates to the gel dosimeter for radiation dose measurement according to any one of the above.
- the dispersant (C) is sodium ortholynate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium tetraphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, sodium etidronate, sodium poly (meth) acrylate, poly (meth).
- the gel for radiation dose measurement according to any one of the fourth to sixth viewpoints which is one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium, sodium lignin sulfonate and the potassium salt corresponding to these salts.
- the eighth aspect relates to the gel dosimeter for radiation dose measurement according to any one of the first aspect to the seventh aspect, wherein the radically polymerizable monomer is a water-soluble polymerizable monomer.
- the present invention relates to the gel dosimeter for radiation dosimetry according to any one of the first aspect to the eighth aspect, further comprising a water-soluble polyfunctional acrylamide monomer as a cross-linking agent.
- the present invention relates to the gel dosimeter for radiation dose measurement according to any one of the first aspect to the ninth aspect, which further contains water-dispersible inorganic fine particles as a sensitizer.
- the eleventh aspect relates to the gel dosimeter for radiation dose measurement according to any one of the first aspect to the tenth aspect, further comprising a polymerization inhibitor, a radical scavenger or an antioxidant as a stabilizer.
- the present invention relates to the gel dosimeter for radiation dosimetry according to any one of the first aspect to the eleventh aspect, further comprising a buffer.
- the buffer is one or more selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, citric acid, acetic acid, boric acid, tartrate and salts thereof, Tris and HEPES.
- the present invention relates to a gel dosimeter for measuring radiation dose according to the twelfth aspect.
- the gel dosimeter according to the deoxidation treatment method of the present invention is superior in deoxidation as compared with tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride, sodium ascorbate, copper sulfate, etc., which are widely used as oxygen scavengers in conventional gel dosimeters. Has an oxygen effect.
- hydrogels and polyvinyl alcohols composed of water-soluble organic polymers, silicates and dispersants of the silicates are used in addition to gelatin and agarose widely used.
- hydrogels and polyvinyl alcohols composed of water-soluble organic polymers, silicates and dispersants of the silicates are used.
- Various gelling agents such as hydrogels consisting of glutaraldehyde or borax can be used.
- the gel dosimeter by the deoxidizing treatment method of the present invention does not need to be stored refrigerated before and after the polymerization reaction as in the conventional case, and can be stored at room temperature.
- FIG. 1 shows a correlation graph between ⁇ R 2 of Examples 1 and 2 and the irradiation X dose.
- FIG. 2 shows the state of the dosimeter after X-ray irradiation, and is the state of 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, and 7 Gy irradiation of Example 1 from the left.
- FIG. 3 shows the state of the dosimeter after the X-ray irradiation, and is the state of 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, and 7 Gy irradiation of Example 2 from the left.
- FIG. 4 shows a correlation graph of ⁇ R 2 and irradiation X dose after 1 day and 2 weeks of Example 3.
- FIG. 5 shows a correlation graph of ⁇ R 2 and irradiation X dose after 1 day and 2 weeks of Comparative Example 1.
- Examples of the components of the gel dosimeter of the present invention include deoxidizing agents, gelling agents, cross-linking agents and radically polymerizable monomers, but in addition to the above components, as long as the intended effects of the present invention are not impaired. If necessary, components such as a sensitizer and a stabilizer may be added.
- Examples of the oxygen scavenger include a combination of glucose and glucose oxidase.
- the glucose content is 0.01% by mass to 10% by mass, preferably 0.1% by mass to 5% by mass, and more preferably 0.5% by mass to 3% by mass in 100% by mass of the gel dosimeter. ..
- the titer of glucose oxidase is 10 units when 1.0 ⁇ mol of ⁇ -D-glucose is oxidized to D-gluconolactone and hydrogen peroxide in 1 minute at 25 ° C. and pH 7.0.
- catalase may be added to decompose hydrogen peroxide generated during glucose oxidation.
- the optimum pH of glucose oxidase is 5 to 7, and a buffer may be added if necessary. Examples of the buffer include phosphoric acid, citric acid, acetic acid, boric acid, tartrate acid and salts thereof, Tris, HEPES and the like.
- the gelling agent one that is gelled at room temperature and does not inhibit the radical polymerization of the radically polymerizable monomer by irradiation at a level that can be used as a gel dosimeter can be used.
- the gelling agent used in polymer gel dosimeters can be used.
- salts of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium which are natural polymers derived from animals and plants, such as gelatin, agarose, xanthan gum, carrageenan, gellan gum, chitosan, and alginic acid, and their partially neutralized substances, organic acid structures.
- a gel-forming composition composed of a water-soluble organic polymer (A) having an organic acid salt structure or an organic acid anion structure, a silicate (B), and a dispersant (C) of the silicate, polyvinyl alcohol and glutaaldehyde.
- a gel-forming composition composed of borosand can be mentioned.
- the content of the natural polymer is 0.01% by mass to 30% by mass, preferably 0.05% by mass to 20% by mass in 100% by mass of the gel dosimeter.
- the water-soluble organic polymer (A) having an organic acid salt structure or an organic acid anion structure includes, for example, a water-soluble organic high molecular weight having a salt structure or an anion structure of an organic acid group such as a carboxyl group, a sulfonyl group, and a phosphonyl group.
- examples include molecules.
- the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble organic polymer (A) is preferably 1 million or more and 10 million or less, for example, 2.5 million or more and 5 million or less.
- the water-soluble organic polymer (A) preferably has a linear structure having no branched or chemically crosslinked structure.
- the substance having an organic acid structure any of a completely neutralized substance to a partially neutralized substance of a polymer having an organic acid group can be used.
- examples of those having an organic acid salt structure include sodium salts, ammonium salts, potassium salts and lithium salts of organic acid groups.
- Examples of those having an organic acid anion structure include those having a structure in which a cation is dissociated from an organic acid group or a salt of an organic acid.
- the water-soluble organic polymer (A) can be, for example, a completely neutralized, partially neutralized product of an organic polymer having an organic acid group, or a mixture thereof.
- the water-soluble organic polymer (A) is either a completely neutralized product or a partially neutralized product of linear sodium polyacrylate.
- the content of the water-soluble organic polymer (A) is 0.01% by mass to 20% by mass, preferably 0.05% by mass to 10% by mass in 100% by mass of the gel dosimeter.
- Examples of the silicate (B) include water-swellable silicate particles such as smectite, bentonite, vermiculite, and mica, and those that form a colloid using water or a hydrous liquid as a dispersion medium are preferable. ..
- Examples of the shape of the primary particles of the silicate particles include a disk shape, a plate shape, a spherical shape, a granular shape, a cubic shape, a needle shape, a rod shape, an amorphous shape, and the like, for example, a disc shape or a plate shape having a diameter of 5 nm to 1000 nm. Is preferable.
- layered silicates which are easily available as commercial products, such as Laponite XLG (synthetic hectorite) and XLS (synthetic hectorite, sodium pyrophosphate as a dispersant) manufactured by BYK Additives. Contains), XL21 (sodium magnesium fluorosilicate), RD (synthetic hectorite), RDS (synthetic hectorite, containing inorganic polyphosphate as a dispersant), and S482 (synthetic hectorite, containing sodium ethidronate as a dispersant).
- the content of the silicate (B) is 0.01% by mass to 20% by mass, preferably 0.05% by mass to 10% by mass in 100% by mass of the gel dosimeter.
- silicate dispersant (C) a dispersant or a deflocculant used for the purpose of improving the dispersibility of the silicate and for layer peeling of the layered silicate can be used.
- a phosphate-based dispersant, a carboxylate-based dispersant, a substance that acts as an alkali, or an organic defibrator can be used.
- a phosphate-based dispersant sodium orthophosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium tetraphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, sodium ethidronate; as a carboxylate-based dispersant, poly (meth).
- sodium pyrophosphate as a phosphate-based dispersant
- low-polymerized sodium polyacrylate having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 or more and 20,000 or less as a carboxylate-based dispersant
- polyethylene glycol PEG900, etc.
- Low-polymerized sodium polyacrylate can act as a dispersant by a mechanism such as interacting with silicate particles to generate a negative charge derived from carboxy anion on the particle surface and dispersing the silicate by repulsion of the charge.
- the content of the dispersant (C) is 0.01% by mass to 20% by mass, preferably 0.05% by mass to 10% by mass, and more preferably 0.5% by mass or more in 100% by mass of the gel dosimeter. It is 5% by mass.
- the dispersant may or may not be further added.
- a gelling agent a gel-forming composition composed of polyvinyl alcohol and glutaraldehyde or borax was shown.
- the polyvinyl alcohol has a degree of polymerization of 10 to 8000, preferably 100 to 5000, more preferably 500 to 3000, and a degree of saponification of 80% to 99%, preferably 88% to 99%.
- Cross-linking agent a water-soluble polyfunctional acrylamide monomer is preferable, and examples thereof include N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide, FAM-301, FAM-401 and FOM-03006 (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
- the content of the cross-linking agent is 0.01% by mass to 20% by mass, preferably 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass, and more preferably 0.5% by mass to 5% by mass in 100% by mass of the gel dosimeter. Is.
- the gel dosimeter for radiation dosimeter of the present invention is a monomer capable of radical polymerization utilizing the fact that radicals are generated in the monomer by radiation irradiation and they react to form a polymer, and the degree thereof depends on the dose. This allows a gel dosimeter to include the radiation dose measuring gel of the present invention as a radiation dose measuring material.
- the radically polymerizable monomer may be a water-soluble polymerizable monomer.
- the water-soluble polymerizable monomer include compounds having an acrylic structure and a vinyl structure.
- the water-soluble polymerizable monomer include (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylamide, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-diethyl (meth) acrylamide, and 4-(. Meta) Acrylamide morpholine, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylacetamide and the like can be mentioned.
- the water-soluble polymerizable monomer may be used as a mixture of one component or two or more components.
- the content of the water-soluble polymerizable monomer is 0.01% by mass to 30% by mass, preferably 0.1% by mass to 20% by mass, and more preferably 0.5% by mass or more in 100% by mass of the gel dose meter. It is 15% by mass.
- [Sensitizer] A magnesium salt or water-dispersible inorganic fine particles having an effect of sensitizing radiation sensitivity can be added to the gel dosimeter.
- Sensitization with a magnesium salt is known in the literature (Radiological Physics and Technology (2016) 11: 375-381), and examples thereof include magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate.
- the content of the magnesium salt is 0.1% by mass to 50% by mass, preferably 0.5% by mass to 25% by mass, and more preferably 1% by mass to 10% by mass in 100% by mass of the gel dosimeter. ..
- water-dispersible inorganic fine particles examples include silica sol, alumina sol, and zircona sol, and examples that are easily available as commercial products include Snowtex (Nissan Chemical's silica sol), Silica Doll (Nippon Chemical Industrial's silica sol), and so on. Quartron (silica sol manufactured by Fuso Chemical Industries) and the like can be mentioned.
- the content of the water-dispersible inorganic fine particles is 0.01% by mass to 50% by mass, preferably 0.05% by mass to 10% by mass, and more preferably 0.1% by mass in 100% by mass of the gel dosimeter. It is to 5% by mass.
- a stabilizer can be added to the gel dosimeter in order to prevent deterioration and deactivation before irradiation.
- the stabilizer include a polymerization inhibitor, a radical scavenger, an antioxidant and the like, and examples thereof include hydroquinone, 4-methoxyphenol, N, N'-diisobutyl-p-phenylenediamine and the like.
- the content of the stabilizer is 0.1 ppm to 10000 ppm, preferably 1 ppm to 5000 ppm, and more preferably 10 ppm to 3000 ppm in 100% by mass of the gel dosimeter.
- the gel dosimeter and the method for producing a gel of the present invention are not particularly limited.
- Other components such as an agent and a buffer can be further added and mixed to obtain a uniform solution or a transparent dispersion.
- those dissolved or dispersed in a solvent can be used as needed.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve or uniformly disperse each component of the gel dosimeter, but water is preferable.
- An aqueous solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and glycerol can be mixed with water.
- a gel-forming composition containing the components (A) to (C) is used as the gelling agent
- two of these components for example, the components (A) to (C)
- the remaining components and monomers are added, and other components such as a cross-linking agent, a sensitizer and, if desired, a deoxidizing agent and a stabilizer are further added and mixed to obtain a uniform solution.
- the component (B), the component (C), and water were mixed with an aqueous solution containing the component (A), a monomer that can be polymerized by irradiation, a cross-linking agent, a sensitizer, and optionally other components and water. Examples thereof include a method in which an aqueous dispersion is added and, if necessary, heated and mixed to obtain a uniform solution.
- Examples of the method for mixing each component include mechanical or manual stirring, ultrasonic stirring, continuous mixing by line mixing, and the like, and mechanical stirring and continuous mixing are particularly preferable.
- mechanical stirring a magnetic stirrer, a propeller type stirrer, a rotating / revolving mixer, a disper, a homogenizer, a shaker, a vortex mixer, a ball mill, a kneader, an ultrasonic oscillator and the like can be used.
- line mixer manufactured by Satake Chemical Machinery Co., Ltd.
- in-line mixer manufactured by Silverson Nippon Co., Ltd.
- vibro mixer manufactured by Refrigeration Industry Co., Ltd.
- static mixer manufactured by Noritake Company, Japan Flow Control Co., Ltd.
- a spiral mixer manufactured by Nippon Flow Control Co., Ltd.
- a flow mix manufactured by Mountech Co., Ltd.
- a scale mixer manufactured by Sakura Seisakusho Co., Ltd.
- the temperature at the time of mixing is, for example, the freezing point to the boiling point of the aqueous solution or the aqueous dispersion, preferably ⁇ 5 ° C. to 100 ° C., and more preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C.
- a preferable combination of the water-soluble organic polymer (A), the silicate (B), and the dispersant (C) of the silicate is the complete neutralization of (A) having a weight average molecular weight of 2.5 million or more and 5 million or less. Or partially neutralized linear sodium polyacrylate 0.05% by weight to 10% by weight, water-swellable smectite or saponite as (B) 0.05% to 10% by weight, and pyrophosphate as (C). Examples thereof include a combination consisting of 0.5% by mass to 5% by mass of sodium or sodium ethidroate, or 0.5% by mass to 5% by mass of sodium polyacrylate having a weight average molecular weight of 1000 or more and 20,000 or less.
- the radiation dosimeter of the present invention is suitable as a material for measuring radiation dose
- the radiation dosimeter can be filled in a container to form a radiation dosimeter, for example, a phantom.
- the container is not particularly limited as long as it is insensitive to MRI, transmits radiation, has solvent resistance, airtightness, etc., and its material is glass, PET, polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylic resin, polyester, ethylene-vinyl. Alcohol copolymer and the like are preferable.
- the container is transparent, the three-dimensional dose distribution can be measured not only by MRI but also by using an optical CT capable of three-dimensional measurement of cloudiness.
- the gel dosimeter by the deoxidizing treatment method of the present invention is excellent in storage stability at room temperature. Compared to gel dosimeters that use tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride, sodium ascorbic acid, copper sulfate, etc., which are widely used as conventional products, as deoxidizers, they have an excellent deoxidizing effect and are stored at room temperature. Has stability. While the conventional product is inactivated after 2 weeks of storage at room temperature, the gel dosimeter of the present invention can provide a gel dosimeter in which the X-ray irradiation sensitivity does not change even after 2 weeks of storage at room temperature.
- Example 1 Manufacture of a gel dosimeter using gelatin as a gelling agent
- N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- gelatin manufactured by Sigma Aldrich
- N-vinylpyrrolidone manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- glucose genuine chemical company
- 10 ppm of glucose oxidase manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- the obtained mixture was filled in a 15 mL PET container and allowed to stand at 20 ° C to 25 ° C for 24 hours in a stationary state to obtain a target product for an X-ray irradiation experiment.
- Example 2 Production of a gel dosimeter using a water-soluble organic polymer, a silicate, and a dispersant of a silicate as a gelling agent]
- N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- N, N-dimethylacrylamide manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- glucose manufactured by Genuine Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- glucose 10 ppm of oxidase manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. was added to 66.5 parts of water, and the mixture was stirred at 20 ° C to 25 ° C until uniform.
- Example 1 X-ray irradiation experiment of gel dosimeter
- MRR-1520R-4 X-ray irradiation device manufactured by Hitachi Power Solutions, Inc.
- X-rays of 0.5, 1, 3, 5, and 7 Gy were irradiated under the conditions of a tube voltage of 150 kV and a tube current of 20 mA.
- Each sample after irradiation was analyzed by MRI measurement by 3T MRI (Prisma manufactured by Siemens).
- FIG. 1 shows a correlation graph between ⁇ R 2 of Examples 1 and 2 and the irradiation X dose.
- the state of the dosimeter after X-ray irradiation is shown in FIG. 2 (Example 1: 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7 Gy irradiation from the left) and FIG. 3 (Example 2: 0, 0.5 from the left, 1, 3, 5, 7 Gy irradiation).
- Example 3 Manufacture of a gel dosimeter using glucose and glucose oxidase as oxygen scavengers
- N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- N, N-dimethylacrylamide manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- 4-acryroid morpholine Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- Snowtex ST-OXS manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd .: solid content concentration 10%
- 1 part of glucose manufactured by Genuine Chemical Co., Ltd.
- 10 ppm of glucose oxidase manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- the mixture was stirred at 20 ° C to 25 ° C until uniform.
- Example 2 Room temperature storage experiment
- the target substances obtained in Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 were irradiated with X-rays one day later in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1.
- the separately produced objects obtained in Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 were left in a room at 23 ° C to 25 ° C for 2 weeks, and then irradiated with X-rays in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1.
- Each sample after irradiation was analyzed in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 to calculate ⁇ R2.
- FIG. 4 shows a correlation graph of ⁇ R 2 and irradiation X dose after 1 day and 2 weeks of Example 3, and FIG.
- the gel dosimeter for the radiation dosimeter of the present invention can be easily manufactured using industrially readily available raw materials, and has excellent irradiation sensitivity, linearity, and storage stability, so that various types of radiation can be used. It can be applied to treatment.
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Abstract
Description
脱酸素剤としてグルコース及びグルコースオキシダーゼを用いて作製するハイドロゲルが報告されている(非特許文献1)。
また、ポリマーゲル線量計は、放射線照射後、MRIで読み取りを行う。放射線照射やMRIは室温で行われるが、従来のゲル線量計は、これらの操作以外は冷蔵保管する必要があり、室温での保管ができないとの問題があった。ハイドロゲルは保冷剤としても用いられる素材であり、冷蔵から室温にするまで数時間~一晩必要であるため、例えば使用の前日に冷蔵庫から出さなくてならないとの問題もあった。
すなわち本発明は、第1観点として、ラジカル重合性モノマー、ゲル化剤、グルコース、及びグルコースオキシダーゼを含む放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計に関する。
第2観点として、前記ゲル化剤がゼラチン、アガロース、キサンタンガム、カラギーナン、ジェランガム、キトサン、及びアルギン酸並びにこれらの部分中和物も含めたナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、及びカルシウムの塩からなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上である、第1観点に記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計に関する。
第3観点として、前記ゲル化剤がポリビニルアルコールとグルタルアルデヒド又は硼砂からなる、第1観点に記載の放射線用線量測定用ゲル線量計に関する。
第4観点として、前記ゲル化剤が有機酸構造、有機酸塩構造又は有機酸アニオン構造を有する水溶性有機高分子(A)、ケイ酸塩(B)及び前記ケイ酸塩の分散剤(C)からなる、第1観点に記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計に関する。
第5観点として、前記水溶性有機高分子(A)が重量平均分子量100万乃至1000万の完全中和、部分中和ポリアクリル酸塩又はそれらの混合物である、第4観点に記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計に関する。
第6観点として、前記ケイ酸塩(B)がスメクタイト、ベントナイト、バーミキュライト、及び雲母からなる群より選ばれる1種又は2種以上の水膨潤性ケイ酸塩である、第4観点又は第5観点のいずれか1つに記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計に関する。
第7観点として、前記分散剤(C)がオルトリン酸ナトリウム、ピロリン酸ナトリウム、トリポリリン酸ナトリウム、テトラリン酸ナトリウム、ヘキサメタリン酸ナトリウム、ポリリン酸ナトリウム、エチドロン酸ナトリウム、ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸ナトリウム、ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸アンモニウム、アクリル酸ナトリウム/マレイン酸ナトリウム共重合体、アクリル酸アンモニウム/マレイン酸アンモニウム共重合体、水酸化ナトリウム、ヒドロキシルアミン、炭酸ナトリウム、ケイ酸ナトリウム、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、フミン酸ナトリウム、リグニンスルホン酸ナトリウム及びこれらの塩に対応するカリウム塩からなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上である、第4観点乃至第6観点のいずれか1つに記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計に関する。
第8観点として、前記ラジカル重合性モノマーが水溶性重合性モノマーである、第1観点乃至第7観点のいずれか1つに記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計に関する。
第9観点として、架橋剤として水溶性多官能アクリルアミドモノマーをさらに含む、第1観点乃至第8観点のいずれか1つに記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計に関する。
第10観点として、増感剤として水分散性の無機微粒子をさらに含む、第1観点乃至第9観点のいずれか1つに記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計に関する。
第11観点として、安定剤として重合禁止剤、ラジカルスカベンジャー又は酸化防止剤をさらに含む、第1観点乃至第10観点のいずれか1つに記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計に関する。
第12観点として、緩衝剤をさらに含む、第1観点乃至第11観点のいずれか1つに記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計に関する。
第13観点として、前記緩衝剤がリン酸、クエン酸、酢酸、ホウ酸、酒石酸及びこれらの塩、トリス(Tris)並びにヘペス(HEPES)からなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上である、第12観点に記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計に関する。
また、本発明の脱酸素処理法によるゲル線量計では、広く用いられているゼラチンやアガロースの他、水溶性有機高分子、ケイ酸塩及び前記ケイ酸塩の分散剤からなるヒドロゲル、ポリビニルアルコールとグルタルアルデヒド又は硼砂からなるヒドロゲルなど様々なゲル化剤の使用が可能である。
本発明の脱酸素処理法によるゲル線量計は、従来のように重合反応の前後で冷蔵保管する必要はなく室温での保管が可能である。
脱酸素処理剤としては、グルコース及びグルコースオキシダーゼの組み合わせが挙げられる。グルコースの含有量は、ゲル線量計100質量%中に0.01質量%乃至10質量%、好ましくは0.1質量%乃至5質量%、より好ましくは0.5質量%乃至3質量%である。グルコースオキシダーゼの力価は、25℃、pH7.0で1分間に,β-D-グルコース1.0μmolを酸化してD-グルコノラクトンと過酸化水素にするのを1ユニットとすると、10ユニット/g乃至1000000ユニット/g、好ましくは100ユニット/g乃至500000ユニット/g、より好ましくは1000ユニット/g乃至300000ユニット/gであり、含有量はゲル線量計100質量%中に0.1ppm乃至10000ppm、好ましくは0.5ppm乃至5000ppm、より好ましくは1ppm乃至1000ppmである。さらにグルコース酸化の際に発生する過酸化水素を分解するためにカタラーゼを加えても良い。グルコースオキシダーゼの至適pHは5乃至7で、必要に応じて緩衝剤を加えても良い。緩衝剤としては、リン酸、クエン酸、酢酸、ホウ酸、酒石酸及びこれらの塩、トリス(Tris)、ヘペス(HEPES)などが挙げられる。
ゲル化剤としては、室温でゲル化しており、ゲル線量計として使用可能な水準において放射線照射によるラジカル重合性モノマーのラジカル重合を阻害しないものを用いることができる。ポリマーゲル線量計に使用されているゲル化剤を使用できる。
動植物由来の天然物高分子であるゼラチン、アガロース、キサンタンガム、カラギーナン、ジェランガム、キトサン、及びアルギン酸並びにこれらの部分中和物も含めたナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、及びカルシウムの塩の他に、有機酸構造、有機酸塩構造又は有機酸アニオン構造を有する水溶性有機高分子(A)、ケイ酸塩(B)、前記ケイ酸塩の分散剤(C)から成るゲル形成組成物やポリビニルアルコールとグルタルアルデヒド又は硼砂から成るゲル形成組成物が挙げられる。
上記天然物高分子の含有量は、ゲル線量計100質量%中に0.01質量%乃至30質量%、好ましくは0.05質量%乃至20質量%である。
上記有機酸塩構造又は有機酸アニオン構造を有する水溶性有機高分子(A)としては、例えば、カルボキシル基、スルホニル基、ホスホニル基などの有機酸基の塩構造又はアニオン構造を有する水溶性有機高分子が挙げられる。
例えば、カルボキシル基を有するものとしてポリ(メタ)アクリル酸、カルボキシビニルポリマー、カルボキシメチルセルロースの塩;スルホニル基を有するものとして、ポリスチレンスルホン酸の塩;ホスホニル基を有するものとしてポリビニルホスホン酸塩等が挙げられる。好ましくはポリアクリル酸の塩である。
水溶性有機高分子(A)の重量平均分子量は100万以上1000万以下が好ましく、例えば250万以上500万以下である。
有機酸構造を有するものとしては、有機酸基を有する高分子の完全中和物から部分中和物のいずれも使用できる。
有機酸塩構造を有するものとしては、有機酸基のナトリウム塩、アンモニウム塩、カリウム塩、リチウム塩などが挙げられる。
有機酸アニオン構造を有するものとしては、例えば有機酸基又は有機酸の塩からカチオンが解離した構造を有するものが挙げられる。
例えば、水溶性有機高分子(A)としては、直鎖型ポリアクリル酸ナトリウムの完全中和物から部分中和物のいずれかである。
上記水溶性有機高分子(A)の含有量は、ゲル線量計100質量%中に0.01質量%乃至20質量%、好ましくは0.05質量%乃至10質量%である。
ケイ酸塩粒子の一次粒子の形状としては、円盤状、板状、球状、粒状、立方状、針状、棒状、無定形等が挙げられ、例えば直径5nm乃至1000nmの円盤状又は板状のものが好ましい。具体的には、層状ケイ酸塩が挙げられ、市販品として容易に入手可能な例として、BYKアディティブズ社製のラポナイトXLG(合成ヘクトライト)、XLS(合成ヘクトライト、分散剤としてピロリン酸ナトリウム含有)、XL21(ナトリウム・マグネシウム・フルオロシリケート)、RD(合成ヘクトライト)、RDS(合成ヘクトライト、分散剤として無機ポリリン酸塩含有)、及びS482(合成ヘクトライト、分散剤としてエチドロン酸ナトリウム含有);クニミネ工業株式会社製のクニピア(モンモリロナイト)、スメクトンSA(合成サポナイト)、スメクトンST(合成サポナイト)、スメクトンSWN(合成スメクタイト)及びスメクトンSWF(合成スメクタイト)、;株式会社ホージュン製のベンゲル(天然ベントナイト精製品)等が挙げられる。
上記ケイ酸塩(B)の含有量は、ゲル線量計100質量%中に0.01質量%乃至20質量%、好ましくは0.05質量%乃至10質量%である。
例えば、リン酸塩系分散剤として、オルトリン酸ナトリウム、ピロリン酸ナトリウム、トリポリリン酸ナトリウム、テトラリン酸ナトリウム、ヘキサメタリン酸ナトリウム、ポリリン酸ナトリウム、エチドロン酸ナトリウム;カルボン酸塩系分散剤として、ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸ナトリウム、ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸アンモニウム、アクリル酸ナトリウム/マレイン酸ナトリウム共重合体、アクリル酸アンモニウム/マレイン酸アンモニウム共重合体;アルカリとして作用するものとして、水酸化ナトリウム、ヒドロキシルアミン;多価カチオンと反応し不溶性塩又は錯塩を形成するものとして、炭酸ナトリウム、ケイ酸ナトリウム;有機解膠剤として、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、フミン酸ナトリウム、リグニンスルホン酸ナトリウム等又は前記リン酸塩の分散剤に含まれる塩をカリウム塩としたもの等が挙げられる。好ましくは、リン酸塩系分散剤としてピロリン酸ナトリウム、カルボン酸塩系分散剤として重量平均分子量1000以上2万以下の低重合ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、その他の有機解膠剤ではポリエチレングリコール(PEG900等)である。
上記分散剤(C)の含有量は、ゲル線量計100質量%中に0.01質量%乃至20質量%、好ましくは0.05質量%乃至10質量%、より好ましくは0.5質量%乃至5質量%である。
分散剤を含有するケイ酸塩を使用する場合は、分散剤をさらに添加しても、添加しなくてもよい。
ゲル化剤として、ポリビニルアルコールとグルタルアルデヒド又は硼砂から成るゲル形成組成物を示した。上記ポリビニルアルコールとしては、重合度が10乃至8000、好ましくは100乃至5000、より好ましくは500乃至3000であり、けん化度が80%乃至99%、好ましくは88%乃至99%である。
架橋剤としては、水溶性多官能アクリルアミドモノマーが好ましく、中でもN,N’-メチレンビスアクリルアミド、FAM-301、FAM-401及びFOM-03006(富士フイルム和光純薬製)等が挙げられる。上記架橋剤の含有量は、ゲル線量計100質量%中に0.01質量%乃至20質量%、好ましくは0.1質量%乃至10質量%、より好ましくは0.5質量%乃至5質量%である。
本発明の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計は、放射線照射によりモノマー内にラジカルが生成してそれらが反応を起こして高分子化し、その程度が線量に応じることを利用したラジカル重合が可能なモノマーを含むことができ、これにより本発明の放射線線量測定ゲルを放射線線量の計測材料として備えるゲル線量計となる。
前記ラジカル重合性モノマーは、水溶性重合性モノマーであってもよい。
水溶性重合性モノマーとしては、アクリル構造やビニル構造を有する化合物が挙げられる。
上記水溶性重合性モノマーとしては、(メタ)アクリル酸、(メタ)アクリルアミド、ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、N,N-ジメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N-ジエチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、4-(メタ)アクリロイドモルホリン、N-ビニルピロリドン、N-ビニルアセトアミド等が挙げられる。上記水溶性重合性モノマーは1成分又は2成分以上の混合で使用しても良い。上記水溶性重合性モノマーの含有量は、ゲル線量計100質量%中に0.01質量%乃至30質量%、好ましくは0.1質量%乃至20質量%、より好ましくは0.5質量%乃至15質量%である。
上記ゲル線量計には、放射線感度を増感させる効果を有するマグネシウム塩や水分散性の無機微粒子を加えることができる。マグネシウム塩による増感は文献(Radiological Physics and Technology(2018)11:375-381)として知られており、例えば塩化マグネシウムや硫酸マグネシウム等が挙げられる。上記マグネシウム塩の含有量は、ゲル線量計100質量%中に0.1質量%乃至50質量%、好ましくは0.5質量%乃至25質量%、より好ましくは1質量%乃至10質量%である。水分散性の無機微粒子としては、例えば、シリカゾル、アルミナゾル、ジルコナゾルが挙げられ、市販品として容易に入手可能な例として、スノーテックス(日産化学製シリカゾル)、シリカドール(日本化学工業製シリカゾル)、クォートロン(扶桑化学工業製シリカゾル)等が挙げられる。上記水分散性の無機微粒子の含有量は、ゲル線量計100質量%中に0.01質量%乃至50質量%、好ましくは0.05質量%乃至10質量%、より好ましくは0.1質量%乃至5質量%である。
上記ゲル線量計には、放射線照射前の劣化や失活を防止するために安定剤を添加することができる。上記安定剤としては、重合禁止剤、ラジカルスカベンジャー、酸化防止剤などが挙げられ、例えば、ヒドロキノン、4-メトキシフェノール、N,N’-ジイソブチル-p-フェニレンジアミン等が挙げられる。上記安定剤の含有量は、ゲル線量計100質量%中に0.1ppm乃至10000ppm、好ましくは1ppm乃至5000ppm、より好ましくは10ppm乃至3000ppmである。
本発明のゲル線量計及びゲルの製造方法は特に限定されないが、例えば放射線により重合可能なモノマー及びゲル化剤を所定の割合で混合し、架橋剤、増感剤及び所望により脱酸素剤、安定剤、緩衝剤等の他の成分を更に添加して混合し、均一な溶液又は透明な分散液とすることができる。
それぞれの成分は、必要に応じて溶媒に溶解又は分散させたものを使用することができる。溶媒としては、ゲル線量計の各成分を溶解又は均一に分散させることができるものであれば特に限定されないが、好ましくは水である。水に、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、グリセロール等の水性溶媒を混合することができる。
例えば、(A)成分、放射線照射により重合可能なモノマー、架橋剤、増感剤、及び所望により他の成分及び水を混合した水溶液に、(B)成分、(C)成分及び水を混合した水分散液を添加し、必要により加熱して混合し、均一な溶液とする方法が挙げられる。
機械式撹拌には、マグネチックスターラー、プロペラ式撹拌機、自転・公転式ミキサー、ディスパー、ホモジナイザー、振とう機、ボルテックスミキサー、ボールミル、ニーダー及び超音波発振器等を使用することができる。その中でも、自転・公転式ミキサーを使用することが好ましい。連続混合にはラインミキサー(佐竹化学機械工業株式会社製)、インラインミキサー(シルバーソンニッポン株式会社製)、ビブロミキサー(冷化工業株式会社製)、スタティックミキサー(株式会社ノリタケカンパニー製、日本フローコントロール株式会社製、株式会社山陽精機製など)、スパイラルミキサー(日本フローコントロール株式会社製)、フローミックス(株式会社マウンテック製)、スケヤミキサー(株式会社櫻製作所製)等を使用することができる。その中でも、スタティックミキサーを使用することが好ましい。
上記水溶性有機高分子(A)、ケイ酸塩(B)、前記ケイ酸塩の分散剤(C)の好ましい組合せとしては、(A)として重量平均分子量250万以上500万以下の完全中和又は部分中和された直鎖型ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム0.05質量%乃至10質量%、(B)として水膨潤性スメクタイト又はサポナイト0.05質量%乃至10質量%、及び(C)としてピロリン酸ナトリウム又はエチドロン酸ナトリウム0.5質量%乃至5質量%、又は重量平均分子量1000以上2万以下のポリアクリル酸ナトリウム0.5質量%乃至5質量%からなる組合せが挙げられる。
本発明のゲル線量計は放射線線量の計測材料に適するため、当該放射線線量測定ゲルを容器に充填して放射線線量計、例えばファントムとすることができる。容器はMRIに感応せず、放射線を透過し、耐溶剤性、気密性等を有していれば特に限定されず、その材質はガラス、PET、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル、エチレン-ビニルアルコール共重合体などが好ましい。容器が透明であれば、MRIのみならず、白濁度の3次元計測が可能な光学CTを使用することで、3次元線量分布を測定できる。また、容器に充填した後、窒素ガス等で置換してもよい。
なお、本発明の脱酸素処理法によるゲル線量計は、室温での保管安定性に優れている。従来品として広く使用されているテトラキス(ヒドロキシメチル)ホスホニウムクロリドやアスコルビン酸ナトリウム、硫酸銅等を脱酸素剤とするゲル線量計と比べて、優れた脱酸素効果を有するとともに優れた室温での保管安定性を有する。従来品においては、室温保管2週間で失活するのに対し、本発明のゲル線量計は、室温保管2週間後もX線照射感度に変化がないものを提供できる。
[製造例1:ケイ酸塩水分散液の製造]
スメクトンSWF(クニミネ工業株式会社製)14.4部、エチドロン酸二ナトリウム水和物(東京化成工業株式会社製)1.5部、水84.1部を混合し、均一な水分散液になるまで25℃にて撹拌し目的物を得た。
高重合ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム(富士フイルム和光純薬製:重合度22000乃至70000)4部、塩化マグネシウム六水和物1.6部、水94.4部を混合し、均一な水溶液になるまで25℃にて撹拌し目的物を得た。
N,N’-メチレンビスアクリルアミド(富士フイルム和光純薬製)3部、ゼラチン(シグマアルドリッチ社製)5部、N-ビニルピロリドン(東京化成工業株式会社製)8部、グルコース(純正化学株式会社製)1部、グルコースオキシダーゼ(東京化成工業株式会社製)10ppmを水88部に加え、45℃乃至50℃で加熱し、均一になるまで撹拌した。得られた混合物を15mLPET容器に充填し、静置した状態で24時間20℃乃至25℃で静置し、X線照射実験用の目的物を得た。
N,N’-メチレンビスアクリルアミド(富士フイルム和光純薬製)3部、N、N-ジメチルアクリルアミド(東京化成工業株式会社製)1.5部、グルコース(純正化学株式会社製)1部、グルコースオキシダーゼ(東京化成工業株式会社製)10ppmを水66.5部に加え、20℃乃至25℃で均一になるまで撹拌した。製造例2で製造した高重合ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム水溶液11部を加え、20℃乃至25℃で均一になるまで撹拌した。製造例1で製造したケイ酸塩水分散液11部を加え、20℃乃至25℃で3分間撹拌した。得られた混合物を15mLPET容器に充填し、静置した状態で24時間20℃乃至25℃で静置し、X線照射実験用の目的物を得た。
実施例1又は実施例2で得られたゲル線量計の各サンプルには、X線照射装置(株式会社日立パワーソリューションズ社製MBR-1520R-4)を用いて、X線を照射した。具体的には、管電圧150kV,管電流20mAの条件下、0.5、1、3、5、7GyのX線を照射した。照射後の各サンプルは、3T MRI(Siemens社製Prisma)によるMRI測定によって分析した。分析のためのパルス磁界は、Mixed turbo spin echo sequenceを印加し、各サンプルのT2緩和時間を取得して、R2(つまり1/T2)及び未照射サンプルを0としたΔR2を算出した。実施例1及び実施例2のΔR2と照射X線量の相関グラフを図1に示す。X線照射後の線量計の状態を図2(実施例1:左から0、0.5、1、3、5、7Gy照射)及び図3(実施例2:左から0、0.5、1、3、5、7Gy照射)に示す。
N,N’-メチレンビスアクリルアミド(富士フイルム和光純薬製)1.5部、N、N-ジメチルアクリルアミド(東京化成工業株式会社製)1.5部、4-アクリロイドモルホリン(東京化成工業株式会社製)6部、スノーテックスST-OXS(日産化学株式会社製:固形分濃度10%)20部、グルコース(純正化学株式会社製)1部、グルコースオキシダーゼ(東京化成工業株式会社製)10ppmを水70部に加え、20℃乃至25℃で均一になるまで撹拌した。製造例2で製造した高重合ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム水溶液11部を加え、20℃乃至25℃で均一になるまで撹拌した。製造例1で製造したケイ酸塩水分散液11部を加え、20℃乃至25℃で3分間撹拌した。得られた混合物を15mLPET容器に充填し、静置した状態で24時間20℃乃至25℃で静置し、X線照射実験用の目的物を得た。
ラポナイトXLG(BYKアディティブズ社製)6部、低重合ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム35%水溶液(平均分子量15000:シグマアルドリッチ社製)1.7部、グリセリン10部、クエン酸一水和物0.5部、水81.8部を混合し、均一な水分散液になるまでマグネチックスターラーで25℃にて撹拌し目的物を得た。
高重合ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム(富士フイルム和光純薬製:重合度22000乃至70000)2部、グリセリン10部、クエン酸3ナトリウム二水和物1部、クエン酸一水和物0.5部、水86.5部を混合し、均一な水溶液になるまでマグネチックスターラーで25℃にて撹拌し目的物を得た。
N,N‘-メチレンビスアクリルアミド(富士フイルム和光純薬製)3部、N-ビニル-2-ピロリドン(東京化成工業株式会社製)8部、ハイドロキノン200ppmを水65.8部に加え、20℃乃至25℃で均一になるまで撹拌した。次いで製造例4で製造した高重合ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム水溶液11部、テトラキス(ヒドロキシメチル)-ホスホニウムクロリド80%水溶液(東京化成工業株式会社製)1.2部(50mM相当)を加え撹拌した。5℃以下に冷却後、製造例3で製造したケイ酸塩水分散液11部を加え1分間撹拌した。得られた混合物を30mLのPET容器に充填し、静置した状態で24時間20℃乃至25℃で静置し、X線照射実験用の目的物を得た。
実施例3及び比較例1で得た目的物を、1日後に実験例1と同様にX線を照射した。別途製造した実施例3及び比較例1で得た目的物を、23℃乃至25℃の室内に2週間放置した後、実験例1と同様にX線を照射した。照射後の各サンプルは、実験例1と同様に分析し、ΔR2を算出した。図4に実施例3の1日後と2週後のΔR2と照射X線量の相関グラフ、図5に比較例1の1日後と2週後のΔR2と照射X線量の相関グラフを示す。図4と図5の結果の比較から、従来品である脱酸素剤をテトラキス(ヒドロキシメチル)ホスホニウムクロリドとしたゲル線量計では室温保管2週でほぼ完全に失活するのに対して、本発明である脱酸素剤をグルコース及びグルコースオキシダーゼにした場合は、室温2週後もX線照射感度が変化しなかった。したがって、本発明は優れた室温保管安定性を発揮することが判った。
Claims (13)
- ラジカル重合性モノマー、ゲル化剤、グルコース、及びグルコースオキシダーゼを含む放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計。
- 前記ゲル化剤がゼラチン、アガロース、キサンタンガム、カラギーナン、ジェランガム、キトサン、及びアルギン酸並びにこれらの部分中和物も含めたナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、及びカルシウムの塩からなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上である、請求項1に記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計。
- 前記ゲル化剤がポリビニルアルコールとグルタルアルデヒド又は硼砂からなる、請求項1に記載の放射線用線量測定用ゲル線量計。
- 前記ゲル化剤が有機酸構造、有機酸塩構造又は有機酸アニオン構造を有する水溶性有機高分子(A)、ケイ酸塩(B)及び前記ケイ酸塩の分散剤(C)からなる、請求項1に記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計。
- 前記水溶性有機高分子(A)が重量平均分子量100万乃至1000万の完全中和、部分中和ポリアクリル酸塩又はそれらの混合物である、請求項4に記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計。
- 前記ケイ酸塩(B)がスメクタイト、ベントナイト、バーミキュライト、及び雲母からなる群より選ばれる1種又は2種以上の水膨潤性ケイ酸塩である、請求項4又は請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計。
- 前記分散剤(C)がオルトリン酸ナトリウム、ピロリン酸ナトリウム、トリポリリン酸ナトリウム、テトラリン酸ナトリウム、ヘキサメタリン酸ナトリウム、ポリリン酸ナトリウム、エチドロン酸ナトリウム、ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸ナトリウム、ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸アンモニウム、アクリル酸ナトリウム/マレイン酸ナトリウム共重合体、アクリル酸アンモニウム/マレイン酸アンモニウム共重合体、水酸化ナトリウム、ヒドロキシルアミン、炭酸ナトリウム、ケイ酸ナトリウム、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、フミン酸ナトリウム、リグニンスルホン酸ナトリウム、及びこれらの塩に対応するカリウム塩からなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上である、請求項4乃至請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計。
- 前記ラジカル重合性モノマーが水溶性重合性モノマーである、請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計。
- 架橋剤として水溶性多官能アクリルアミドモノマーをさらに含む、請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計。
- 増感剤として水分散性の無機微粒子をさらに含む、請求項1乃至請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計。
- 安定剤として重合禁止剤、ラジカルスカベンジャー又は酸化防止剤をさらに含む、請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計。
- 緩衝剤をさらに含む、請求項1乃至請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計。
- 前記緩衝剤がリン酸、クエン酸、酢酸、ホウ酸、酒石酸及びこれらの塩、トリス(Tris)並びにヘペス(HEPES)からなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上である、請求項12に記載の放射線線量測定用ゲル線量計。
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JP2012002669A (ja) * | 2010-06-17 | 2012-01-05 | Japan Atomic Energy Agency | 放射線線量計用ゲル、及びそれを用いた放射線線量計 |
JP2014185969A (ja) * | 2013-03-25 | 2014-10-02 | Univ Of Tsukuba | ポリマーゲル線量計 |
JP2020062843A (ja) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-04-23 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 積層体、積層体の製造方法および形状制御デバイス |
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