WO2022110916A1 - 一种酶-化学级联法制备含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物的方法 - Google Patents

一种酶-化学级联法制备含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物的方法 Download PDF

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WO2022110916A1
WO2022110916A1 PCT/CN2021/113184 CN2021113184W WO2022110916A1 WO 2022110916 A1 WO2022110916 A1 WO 2022110916A1 CN 2021113184 W CN2021113184 W CN 2021113184W WO 2022110916 A1 WO2022110916 A1 WO 2022110916A1
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alcohol
alcohol dehydrogenase
chloride
flavin
trifluoromethyl
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PCT/CN2021/113184
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French (fr)
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朱晨杰
应汉杰
谭卓涛
庄伟�
付亚萍
韩耀颖
李明
陈勇
柳东
牛欢青
杨朋朋
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南京工业大学
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Priority to CA3200381A priority Critical patent/CA3200381C/en
Priority to GB2307487.5A priority patent/GB2616743B/en
Priority to US18/253,861 priority patent/US20240026400A1/en
Publication of WO2022110916A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022110916A1/zh

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Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of biochemical industry, in particular to a new method for preparing nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and derivatives thereof by an enzyme-chemical cascade method.
  • Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives are important members of the heterocyclic compound family, which are widely found in natural products and drug molecules. These compounds exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities, and play a crucial role in many fields such as biology, medicine, and materials.
  • Pyrrole-containing N-heterocycles are important structural motifs that are widely used in drugs, pesticides, catalysts, functional materials, and supramolecular chemistry. Many new synthetic methods have been developed to construct such pharmaceutical intermediates, such as metal-catalyzed cyclization, cycloaddition, rearrangement, multi-component oxidative coupling, hydroamination/cyclization, etc.
  • the developed cobalt-nitrogen catalysts are tolerant to acidic liquid hydrogen donors (HCOOH), which may be attributed to the highly dispersed metal particles, which are coordinated and stabilized by the nitrogen species of the solid carbonaceous support.
  • HCOOH acidic liquid hydrogen donors
  • Pyridine is a six-membered heterocyclic compound with a conjugated structure. Pyridine and its derivatives are widely used in the synthesis of pesticides, medicines and natural products, such as antibiotic cefuroxine, anti-ulcer drug omeprazole, antihypertensive drug ratio Nadil, etc., the pyridine ring and the benzene ring are biological isosteres. When the benzene ring is replaced by the pyridine ring, the activity of the compound is significantly improved, and the toxicity is greatly reduced. This type of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds has a wide range of applications at home and abroad It has received extensive attention from scholars, and its industrial production and scientific research have developed rapidly.
  • pyridine substitutes At present, a variety of methods have been reported for the construction of pyridine substitutes.
  • pyridine synthesis is mainly prepared by the condensation of amines and carbonyl compounds, including the condensation of 1,5-dicarbonyl and amines, Hantzsch pyridine's (2+2+1 +1) condensation and (3+3) cyclization of 1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives with vinylogous amides.
  • some synthetic methods are relatively efficient, their application in the construction of some practical but sensitive pyridine derivatives is directly limited due to unstable precursors, expensive metal catalysts, polluting the environment, and cumbersome operations. Therefore, flexible, efficient, and green synthetic methods are expected.
  • Benzimidazole compounds have special structures, physiological activities and reactivity, etc. They have important biological activities and are important biologically active molecules in the field of medicine. Benzimidazole and its derivatives are an important part of the pharmaceutical industry. It has the functions of regulating blood lipids, blood pressure, anticancer, anticonvulsant, analgesia, sedation, anti-inflammatory, regulating immune system, inhibiting oxidation, inhibiting blood coagulation, anti-diabetic, regulating hormone level and central nervous system excitation, as well as resisting microorganisms. , Kill viruses and parasites, prevent ulcers and kill fungi.
  • Quinoxaline and its derivatives are important intermediates in organic synthesis.
  • Compounds containing quinoxaline units can be widely used in the field of medicine because of their unique structure, such as the manufacture of cardiotonic, stimulant, antimalarial, potent antimalarial Tuberculosis and antibacterial agents, etc.
  • quinoxaline and its derivatives are also used in the fields of dye intermediates, polymer solar cells, luminescent materials, etc. Therefore, the research on the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives has attracted the attention of researchers.
  • quinoline derivatives mainly include: o-phenylenediamine and ⁇ -bromoketone undergo series cyclization reaction; aromatic aldehyde, 6-aminoquinoxaline and quaternary keto acid are used as raw materials for three-component one-pot synthesis; ⁇ -Chloroquinoxaline-2-carbaldehyde oxime and sodium salt of ethyl acetoacetate undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition; ⁇ -Bromoketone and aromatic 1,2-diamine oxidative condensation; One-pot reaction of o-phenylenediamine.
  • Commonly used catalysts include Yb(OTf)3, CuSO45H2O, gallium trifluoromethanesulfonate, zinc-L-proline, etc. Some of these methods have simple starting materials with low cost and high yield. However, there are some problems, such as complex synthesis process, long reaction time, harsh reaction conditions, expensive or toxic catalysts, and cumbersome post-processing, which is not conducive to environmental protection.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and derivatives thereof by an enzyme-chemical cascade method.
  • the present invention firstly obtains pure alcohol dehydrogenase through enzyme expression and purification, and then uses alcohol dehydrogenase as catalyst and alcohol as substrate to construct a redox reaction; at the same time, by adding catalytic amount of flavin molecules and The coenzyme constitutes a regeneration system, using flavin molecules as the regeneration catalyst of the coenzyme, and coupled with the oxidation catalyzed by the alcohol dehydrogenase dependent on the coenzyme to constitute the regeneration cycle system of the coenzyme, and biologically catalyze the oxidation of alcohol to generate aldehyde; the generated aldehyde is further combined with The amine undergoes condensation reaction, and through further chemical oxidation, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives are obtained.
  • alcohol generates aldehyde and NADH under the action of alcohol dehydrogenase and coenzyme NAD +
  • flavin molecule regenerates coenzyme NAD + to generate aldehyde
  • the generated aldehyde reacts with amine, and under the chemical oxidation of flavin molecule, generates Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives constitute a complete catalytic system.
  • the present invention discloses a method for preparing nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives by an enzyme-chemical cascade method.
  • a solvent alcohol and amine are used as raw materials, and alcohol dehydrogenase, flavin
  • the chemical enzyme-chemical cascade catalyzed system composed of molecules and coenzymes is obtained.
  • the alcohol is any one or a combination of aliphatic alcohol, cycloalkanol and aromatic alcohol; preferably, the alcohol is benzyl alcohol, p-methoxybenzyl alcohol, 2-furan methanol, 2- Thiophene methanol, 2-pyridine carbinol, cinnamyl alcohol, n-octanol, cyclohexyl carbinol, phenylethanol, cyclohexanol, phenylpropanol, phenylalaninol, 2-amino-1-propanol and p-methoxybenzyl alcohol any one or several combinations; further preferably, the alcohol is benzyl alcohol, p-methoxybenzyl alcohol, 2-furan methanol, 2-pyridine methanol, cinnamyl alcohol, n-octanol, cyclohexyl methanol, benzene Any one or several combinations in ethanol, phenylalaninol,
  • the final concentration of alcohol is 0.5mM-10M; preferably, the final concentration of alcohol is 1-10mM; more preferably, the final concentration of alcohol is 5mM.
  • the amine is any one or a combination of aromatic amine and aliphatic amine; preferably, the amine is naphthenic diamine; further preferably, the amine is o-phenylenediamine, o-phenylenediamine, Aminothiophenol, 3-aminopropanol, 3-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol and 6-(3,4diaminophenyl)-4,5dihydro-5-methyl-3(2H )-phthalazinone in any one or several combinations; more preferably, the amine is o-phenylenediamine.
  • the final concentration of amine is 0.5mM-10M; preferably, the final concentration of amine is 1-10mM; more preferably, the final concentration of amine is 6mM.
  • the final concentration of the alcoholamine is 0.5mM-10M; further preferably, The final concentration of the alcoholamine is 1-10 mM; more preferably, the final concentration of the alcoholamine is 5 mM.
  • the alcohol amine is preferably 2-amino-1-propanol.
  • the alcohol dehydrogenase (enzymatic number is EC 1.1.1.1) is alcohol dehydrogenase (enzymatic activity is 0.01-1000U/mL), horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (enzymatic activity is 0.01-1000U/mL) ), yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (enzyme activity is 0.01-1000U/mL) and mannitol dehydrogenase (enzyme activity is 0.01-1000U/mL) in any one or several combinations;
  • the alcohol The dehydrogenase is horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
  • the dosage of alcohol dehydrogenase in the whole reaction system is 0.01U/mL-1000U/mL; preferably, the dosage of alcohol dehydrogenase in the whole reaction system is 0.01-100U/mL;
  • the dosage of hydrogenase in the entire reaction system is 0.01-10 U/mL; more preferably, the dosage of alcohol dehydrogenase in the entire reaction system is 0.01-100 U/mL.
  • the flavin molecule is any one of natural flavin and a synthetic flavin analog; preferably, the flavin molecule is a synthetic flavin analog.
  • the artificially synthesized flavin analog is shown in formula II, which can be synthesized by itself with reference to the prior art [1] , or purchased directly;
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, halogen, nitro or amino;
  • R 3 is selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 5 alkyl, benzene group or benzyl;
  • X - is selected from halide, nitrate or triflate.
  • the artificially synthesized flavin analogs are 7-trifluoromethyl-N1,N10-vinylisoallazine chloride represented by formula II-1, 8-chloro- Any one of 1,10-ethyleneisoalloxazine chloride salt and 1,10-ethyleneisoalloxazine chloride salt represented by formula II-3.
  • the final concentration of the flavin molecule is 0.1mM-1M; preferably, the final concentration of the flavin molecule is 0.5mM-1mM; further preferably, the final concentration of the flavin molecule is 0.5 mM.
  • the coenzyme is any one or a combination of the natural coenzyme and the artificial coenzyme; preferably, the coenzyme is a natural coenzyme.
  • the coenzyme is any one of NADP + and NAD + or a combination of both; preferably, the coenzyme is NAD + .
  • the final concentration of coenzyme is 0.1mM-1M.
  • the solvent is a buffer solution; preferably, the solvent is an aqueous buffer solution; further preferably, the solvent is any one of potassium phosphate buffer, sodium phosphate buffer, and Tris-HCl buffer ; Still more preferably potassium phosphate buffer; Still further preferably, the solvent is a potassium phosphate buffer of pH4-10; Most preferably, the solvent is a pH7, 50mM potassium phosphate buffered aqueous solution.
  • the described reaction is at pH 4-10, 30-70 °C reaction 2-60h.
  • the above reaction is carried out in an air atmosphere.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention is the construction of a green and economical enzyme-chemical cascade method for synthesizing nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and derivatives thereof.
  • the present invention selects alcohol dehydrogenase as a catalyst, which has the characteristics of high substrate specificity, no pollution, high catalytic efficiency, and the solvent is a buffered aqueous solution, no toxic solvent is used, and no side effects The product is generated, and the product is easy to separate.
  • flavin molecules in the present invention has two aspects, one constitutes the former enzymatic regeneration system, and the other is used as an oxidant in the latter chemical method, and other oxidants do not need to be added in the entire cascade reaction.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the reaction of Example 1, wherein HLADH is horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, and F4 is a synthetic flavin analog.
  • Figure 2 is the hydrogen spectrum of the product of Example 1, 2-phenylbenzimidazole.
  • Figure 3 is the carbon spectrum of the product of Example 1, 2-phenylbenzimidazole.
  • Figure 4 is the hydrogen spectrum of the product of Example 2, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzimidazole.
  • Figure 5 is the carbon spectrum of the product of Example 2, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzimidazole.
  • Figure 6 is the hydrogen spectrum of the product of Example 3, 2-furyl-benzimidazole.
  • Figure 7 is the carbon spectrum of the product of Example 3, 2-furyl-benzimidazole.
  • Figure 8 is the hydrogen spectrum of the product of Example 4, 2-thiophene-benzimidazole.
  • Figure 9 is the carbon spectrum of the product 2-thiophene-benzimidazole of Example 4.
  • Figure 10 is the hydrogen spectrum of the product of Example 5, 2-pyridyl-benzimidazole.
  • Figure 11 is the carbon spectrum of the product 2-pyridyl-benzimidazole of Example 5.
  • Figure 12 is the hydrogen spectrum of the product of Example 7, 2-heptyl-benzimidazole.
  • Figure 13 is the carbon spectrum of the product 2-heptyl-benzimidazole of Example 7.
  • Figure 14 is the hydrogen spectrum of the product of Example 8, 2-cyclohexyl-benzimidazole.
  • Figure 15 is the carbon spectrum of the product of Example 8, 2-cyclohexyl-benzimidazole.
  • Figure 16 is the hydrogen spectrum of the product of Example 9, 2-phenyl-benzothiazole.
  • Figure 17 is the carbon spectrum of the product of Example 9, 2-phenyl-benzothiazole.
  • the concentrations described involving alcohol, amine, flavin molecules and coenzymes all refer to the final concentration in the system; the dosage of the alcohol dehydrogenase is relative to the dosage of the entire reaction system.
  • the production method of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound and its derivatives of the present invention takes alcohol as a substrate, under the condition of oxygen or air atmosphere, using NAD + -dependent horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase to synthesize flavin in a catalytic amount.
  • the analogs and coenzymes catalyze the production of aldehydes, and the generated aldehydes are further reacted with amines to generate nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives under the action of artificially synthesized flavin analogs.
  • the enzymatic activity of the horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase is 5U/mL.
  • Benzyl alcohol produces benzaldehyde under the regeneration reaction system composed of artificial synthesis of flavin analogs and coenzymes using horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase as a catalyst.
  • the resulting benzaldehyde continues to react with 1,2-phenylenediamine to generate the final product 2-phenylbenzimidazole under the oxidation catalysis of artificially synthesized flavin analogs.
  • Example 2 The same as in Example 1, the other quantities remained unchanged in the control experiment, and the other quantities remained the same, 7-trifluoromethyl-N1, N10-vinylisoallazine chloride was changed to 0.2mM, reacted for 48 hours, and quantified by HPLC Analysis, yield 76%.
  • 7-Trifluoromethyl-N1,N10-vinylisoallazine chloride was used as a catalyst for regenerating NAD+ and coupled with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase to catalyze the preparation of p-methoxybenzaldehyde from p-methoxybenzyl alcohol.
  • 7-Trifluoromethyl-N1,N10-vinylisoallazine chloride acts as an oxidant, and the resulting p-methoxybenzaldehyde reacts with 1,2-phenylenediamine to yield 2-(4methoxyphenyl) Benzimidazole.
  • 7-trifluoromethyl-N1, N10-vinylisoallazine chloride as a catalyst for regenerating NAD+, coupled with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase to catalyze the preparation of cinnamaldehyde from cinnamyl alcohol.
  • 7-Trifluoromethyl-N1,N10-vinylisoallazine chloride acts as an oxidant and the resulting cinnamaldehyde reacts with 1,2-phenylenediamine to give 2-(2-phenylethenyl)-1H-benzene imidazole.
  • 7-Trifluoromethyl-N1,N10-vinylisoallazine chloride was used as a catalyst for regenerating NAD+ and coupled with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase to catalyze the preparation of n-octanol from n-octanol.
  • 7-Trifluoromethyl-N1,N10-vinylisoallazine chloride was used as the oxidant, and the resulting n-octaldehyde was reacted with 1,2-phenylenediamine to give 2-(2-heptyl)-benzimidazole.
  • 7-Trifluoromethyl-N1,N10-vinylisoallazine chloride was used as a catalyst for regenerating NAD+ and coupled with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase to catalyze the preparation of benzaldehyde from benzyl alcohol.
  • 7-Trifluoromethyl-N1,N10-vinylisoallazine chloride is used as the oxidant, and the resulting benzaldehyde reacts with o-aminothiophenol to generate 2-phenylbenzothiazole.
  • 7-Trifluoromethyl-N1,N10-vinylisoallazine chloride was used as a catalyst for regenerating NAD+ and coupled with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase to catalyze the preparation of benzaldehyde from benzyl alcohol.
  • 7-Trifluoromethyl-N1,N10-vinylisoallazine chloride was used as the oxidant, and the resulting benzaldehyde was reacted with o-aminophenol.
  • 7-Trifluoromethyl-N1, N10-vinylisoallazine chloride was used as a catalyst for regenerating NAD+ and coupled with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase to catalyze the preparation of p-nitrobenzaldehyde from p-nitrobenzyl alcohol.
  • 7-Trifluoromethyl-N1,N10-vinylisoallazine chloride was used as the oxidant, and the resulting p-nitrobenzaldehyde was reacted with 1,2-phenylenediamine.
  • 7-Trifluoromethyl-N1,N10-vinylisoallazine chloride was used as a catalyst for regenerating NAD+ and coupled with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase to catalyze the preparation of phenylpropanol from phenylpropanol.
  • 7-Trifluoromethyl-N1,N10-vinylisoallazine chloride was used as the oxidant, and the resulting phenylpropanal was reacted with 3-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol.
  • Catalysis of 2-amino-1-propanol, 7-trifluoromethyl- N1,N10-vinylisoallazine chloride acts as an oxidant for further oxidation reaction.
  • 7-Trifluoromethyl-N1,N10-vinylisoallazine chloride was used as a catalyst for regenerating NAD+ and coupled with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase to catalyze the preparation of p-methoxybenzaldehyde from p-methoxybenzyl alcohol.
  • 7-Trifluoromethyl-N1,N10-vinylisoalloxazine chloride as the oxidant yields p-methoxybenzaldehyde with 6-(3,4-diaminophenyl)-4,5-dihydro- 5-Methyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone reaction.
  • the present invention provides an idea and method for preparing nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and derivatives thereof by an enzymatic-chemical cascade method. There are many specific methods and approaches for realizing the technical solution. The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All components not specified in this embodiment can be implemented by existing technologies.

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Abstract

一种酶-化学级联法制备含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物的方法，将醇、胺、醇脱氢酶、黄素分子和辅酶于溶剂中反应，即得。与现有技术相比，是一种绿色经济的酶-化学级联方法，用于合成含氮杂环类化合物及其衍生物。与一般有毒化学催化剂相比，选择了醇脱氢酶作为催化剂，具有高度的底物专一性，无污染，催化效率高，不使用有毒溶剂，后处理简单等特点。此外，黄素分子的作用有两个方面，一构成前面酶法再生体系，二在后面化学法中作为氧化剂，整个级联反应中不需要再添加其它氧化剂。

Description

一种酶-化学级联法制备含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物的方法 技术领域
本发明属于生物化工领域，具体涉及一种酶-化学级联法制备含氮杂环类化合物及其衍生物的新方法。
背景技术
含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物为杂环化合物家族中的重要成员，广泛存在于天然产物和药物分子中。这些化合物表现出广泛的生物活性和药理学活性，在生物、医药、材料等多个领域有着至关重要的作用。我们围绕含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物的新方法研究展开，构建了一种酶-化学级联催化合成不同含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物的绿色新方法，包括五元(吡咯，吡咯烷酮，吡唑，咪唑等)，六元(吡啶，吡嗪等)，稠合(吲哚，苯并咪唑等)和其他含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物。
含吡咯的N-杂环是重要的结构基序，广泛应用于药物、农药、催化剂、功能性材料和超分子化学中。已经开发出很多新的合成方法来构建这类药物中间体，例如金属催化的环化、环加成、重排、多组分氧化偶联、加氢胺化/环化等方法。在酸性条件，存在金属催化剂的条件下从1,4-二羰基化合物开始，通过Paal-Knorr缩合与伯胺合成N-取代的吡咯，开发的钴-氮催化剂可耐受酸性液态氢供体(HCOOH)，这可能归因于高度分散的金属颗粒，这些颗粒被固态碳质载体的氮物种配位并稳定。非贵金属催化剂的这种独特的非均质特征不仅能够显着减少反应过程中金属种类的损失和总体生产成本，而且还提供了使用可持续的HCOOH代替可燃氢气作为H +供应者；在非贵金属配合物(例如钴或锰的钳子配合物)上进行1,4-丁二醇或1,4-取代的1,4-丁二醇和胺的无催化脱氢偶联，尽管这些均相催化体系在Paal-Knorr缩合反应中表现出出色的性能，但催化剂回收的困难将导致额外的成本和对环境的负面影响；Michlik和Kempe报告了在叔丁醇钠和有机铱催化剂存在下，通过连续脱氢反应由乙醇脱氢引发的可持续仲醇和氨基醇合成2,5-二取代吡咯；合成吡咯的另一种方法是在酸催化剂(例如Al 2O 3和TiO 2)存在下，用伯胺对生物衍生的呋喃化合物进行催化胺化，该吡咯衍生物的收率高20-60％；Li等人开发了一种不需要催化剂或外部氢的通用策略，该方法涉及从 N-甲酰基物质(例如HCONH 2)与H 2O进行原位控制释放HCOOH进行胺和其他酮酸的环化反应。无催化剂的反应体系对于生产吡咯烷酮而言似乎更具可持续性和经济性，而其反应速率远低于金属或酸催化的过程。
吡啶是一种具有共轭结构的六元杂环化合物，吡啶及其衍生物广泛应用于农药、医药、天然产物的合成中，如抗生素头孢立新、抗溃疡药奥美拉唑、降压药比那地尔等，吡啶环与苯环是生物电子等排体，吡啶环取代苯环时化合物的活性得到明显提高，毒性大幅下降，该类含氮杂环类化合物的应用范围广泛，在国内外受到学者们的广泛关注，其工业化生产和科研发展速度迅猛。目前，已经报道了多种构建吡啶取代物的方法，传统上，吡啶的合成主要由胺和羰基化合物缩合制备，包括1,5-二羰基和胺的缩合，Hantzsch吡啶的(2+2+1+1)的缩合，以及1,3-二羰基衍生物与插烯酰胺的(3+3)环化反应。尽管一些合成方法比较高效，但是由于前体不稳定、金属催化剂昂贵且污染环境、操作繁琐直接限制了其在构建一些实用但敏感的吡啶衍生物方面的应用。因此，灵活、高效、绿色的合成方法值得期望。
苯并咪唑类化合物具有特殊的结构、生理活性和反应活性等，其具有重要的生物活性，是医药领域重要的生物活性分子，苯并咪唑及其衍生物是医药工业的重要组成部分。其具有调节血脂、降压、抗癌、抗惊厥、镇痛、镇静、消炎、调节免疫系统、抑制氧化、抑制血凝、抗糖尿病、调节激素水平及中枢神经系统兴奋的功能，还有抵御微生物、杀灭病毒和寄生虫、预防溃疡及杀灭真菌等作用。所以，苯并咪唑类化合物的应用十分广泛，几十年来对苯并咪唑及其衍生物的合成及应用研究从未间断，至今仍十分活跃。随着对苯并咪唑类化合物应用研究的不断开展，相关的合成研究也引起了研究者的广泛重视。人们试图放弃传统的强酸催化、高温反应等苛刻的反应条件，为适应“绿色化学”的要求，研究人员不断努力开发更加高效且环境友好的合成新方法。苯并咪唑类化合物的合成有两种通用方法，一种是将羧酸或衍生物(腈，亚氨酸酯或原酸酯)与苯二胺偶联，通常在强酸性、苛刻的脱水条件下(通常需要高温)或使用诸如磷酸酐的试剂进行偶联；另一种方法是苯胺席夫碱的氧化环脱氢反应，通常是苯二胺和醛的缩合反应原位产生，以MnO 2、Pb(OAc) 4、PhI(OAc) 2、单过硫酸氢钾、2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰对苯醌(DDQ)、I 2,1,4-苯醌、四氰基乙烯、苯并呋喃、NaHSO 3、Na 2S 2O 5、(NH 4) 2S 2O 8和DMF(高沸点氧化剂/溶剂)等试剂可以作为氧化剂来进行脱氢步骤。尽 管上面两种方法是实用的，但其仍存在相应的问题，如使用危险或有毒的试剂，或是在苯胺席夫碱的氧化环脱氢反应过程中，可能会形成N-苄基苯并咪唑副产物，从而降低反应选择性以及产率。上述这些反应路径均存在一定的缺点，如：有毒催化剂的使用，反应时间长，温度高，存在副产物，选择性低等，因此，需要开发一种化学酶法制备苯并咪唑衍生物的绿色方法。
喹喔啉及其衍生物是有机合成中的重要中间体，含喹喔啉单元的化合物因其独特的结构可广泛的应用于医药领域，如制造强心剂、兴奋剂、抗疟药、强效抗结核和抗菌剂等，喹喔啉及其衍生物也被应用于染料中间体、聚合物太阳能电池、发光材料等领域，因此喹喔啉衍生物的合成研究受到科研工作者的重视。常用的喹啉衍生物方法主要有：邻苯二胺和□-溴代酮经过串联环化反应；芳醛、6-氨基喹喔啉和季酮酸为原料三组分一锅法合成；以□-氯代喹喔啉-2-甲醛肟与乙酰乙酸乙酯的钠盐经1，3-偶极环加成；□-溴代酮与芳香1,2-二胺氧化缩合；芳香醛与邻苯二胺一锅法反应。常用催化剂包括Yb(OTf)3、CuSO45H2O、三氟甲磺酸镓、锌-L-脯氨酸等，这些方法中有的起始原料简单成本低，产率较高。但存在合成过程较为复杂、反应时间长、反应条件苛刻、催化剂昂贵或有毒害、后处理繁琐不利于环保等问题。
从以上几种含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物合成方法来说，一般都存在使用金属催化剂，酸碱条件，高温，副产物生成、后处理困难等困难亟待解决，因此我们构建了一种酶-化学级联催化高效经济绿色合成含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物的新方法。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种酶-化学级联法制备含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物的方法。
发明思路：本发明首先通过酶的表达与纯化得到纯的醇脱氢酶，再以醇脱氢酶为催化剂，醇为底物，构建氧化还原反应；同时，通过添加催化量的黄素分子及辅酶构成再生体系，以黄素分子作为辅酶的再生催化剂，并与依赖辅酶的醇脱氢酶催化的氧化偶联，构成辅酶的再生循环体系，生物催化醇氧化生成醛；生成的醛与进一步与胺发生缩合反应，通过进一步的化学氧化得到含氮杂环类化合物及其衍生物。具体地，醇在醇脱氢酶及辅酶NAD +的作用下生成醛和NADH，黄素分子再生辅酶NAD +生成醛， 所生成的醛和胺反应，在黄素分子的化学氧化作用下，生成含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物，从而构成了一个完整的催化体系。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明公开了一种酶-化学级联法制备含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物的方法，在溶剂中，以醇和胺为原料，在由醇脱氢酶、黄素分子和辅酶组成的化学酶-化学级联催化体系中反应，即得。
其中，所述的含氮杂环化合物的结构式包括但不限于式I所示：
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000001
其中，所述的醇为脂肪醇、环烷醇和芳香醇中的任意一种或几种组合；优选地，所述的醇为苯甲醇、对甲氧基苯甲醇、2-呋喃甲醇、2-噻吩甲醇、2-吡啶甲醇、肉桂醇、正辛醇、环己基甲醇、苯乙醇、环己醇、苯丙醇、苯丙氨醇、2-氨基-1-丙醇和对甲氧基苯甲醇中的任意一种或几种组合；进一步优选地，所述的醇为苯甲醇、对甲氧基苯甲醇、2-呋喃甲醇、2-吡啶甲醇、肉桂醇、正辛醇、环己基甲醇、苯乙醇、苯丙氨醇、2-氨基-1-丙醇和对甲氧基苯甲醇中的任意一种或几种组合；更进一步优选地，所述的醇为苯甲醇、对甲氧基苯甲醇、2-呋喃甲醇、环己基甲醇、肉桂醇和苯乙醇中的任意 一种或几种组合。
其中，醇的终浓度为0.5mM-10M；优选地，醇的终浓度为1～10mM；进一步优选地，醇的终浓度为5mM。
其中，所述的胺为芳香胺和脂肪胺中的任意一种或两种组合；优选地，所述的胺为环烷二胺；进一步优选地，所述的胺为邻苯二胺、邻氨基苯硫酚、3-氨基丙醇、3-氨基-2-甲基丙烷-1-醇和6-(3,4二氨基苯基)-4,5二氢-5-甲基-3(2H)-酞嗪酮中的任意一种或几种组合；更进一步优选地，所述的胺为邻苯二胺。
其中，胺的终浓度为0.5mM-10M；优选地，胺的终浓度为1～10mM；进一步优选地，胺的终浓度为6mM。
其中，当所述的醇为含有-NH，即当所述的醇为醇胺时，不需要再额外加入胺；优选地，所述醇胺的终浓度为0.5mM-10M；进一步优选地，所述醇胺的终浓度为1～10mM；更进一步优选地，所述醇胺的终浓度为5mM。
其中，所述的醇胺优选为为2-氨基-1-丙醇。
其中，所述的醇脱氢酶(酶学编号为EC 1.1.1.1)为乙醇脱氢酶(酶活为0.01-1000U/mL)、马肝醇脱氢酶(酶活为0.01-1000U/mL)、酵母醇脱氢酶(酶活为0.01-1000U/mL)和甘露醇脱氢酶(酶活为0.01-1000U/mL)中的任意一种或几种组合；优选地，所述的醇脱氢酶为马肝醇脱氢酶。
酶活定义：在特定条件下，1分钟内转化1微摩尔乙醇所需的酶量为一个活力单位(U)。温度规定为25度，其他条件取反应的最适条件。
其中，醇脱氢酶于整个反应体系中的用量为0.01U/mL-1000U/mL；优选地，醇脱氢酶于整个反应体系中的用量为0.01～100U/mL；进一步优选地，醇脱氢酶于整个反应体系中的用量为0.01～10U/mL；更进一步优选地，醇脱氢酶于整个反应体系中的用量为0.01～100U/mL。
其中，所述的黄素分子为天然黄素和人工合成黄素类似物中的任意一种；优选地，所述的黄素分子为人工合成黄素类似物。
其中，所述的天然黄素为FMN、FAD等，其结构式如下所示：
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000002
其中，所述的人工合成黄素类似物为式Ⅱ所示，其可参考现有技术自行合成 [1]，或直接购买；
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000003
其中，R 1和R 2分别独立地选自氢、甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、卤原子、硝基或氨基；R 3选自氢、C 1～C 5的烷基、苯基或苄基中；X -选自卤离子、硝酸根或三氟甲磺酸根。
优选地，所述的人工合成黄素类似物为式Ⅱ-1所示的7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物、式Ⅱ-2所示的8-氯-1,10-乙撑基异咯嗪氯化盐，和式Ⅱ-3所示的1,10-乙撑基异咯嗪氯化盐中的任意一种。
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000004
其中，所述的黄素分子的终浓度为0.1mM-1M；优选地，所述的黄素分子的终浓度为0.5mM-1mM；进一步优选地，所述的黄素分子的终浓度为0.5mM。
其中，所述的辅酶为天然辅酶和人工辅酶中的任意一种或两种组合；优选地，所述的辅酶为天然辅酶。
其中，所述的辅酶为NADP +和NAD +中的任意一种或两种组合；优选地，所述的辅酶为NAD +。
其中，辅酶的终浓度为0.1mM-1M。
其中，所述的溶剂为缓冲溶液；优选地，所述的溶剂为缓冲水溶液；进一步优选地，所述的溶剂为磷酸钾缓冲液、磷酸钠缓冲液、Tris-HCl缓冲液中的任意一种；更进一步优选为磷酸钾缓冲液；再更进一步优选地，所述的溶剂为pH4-10的磷酸钾缓冲液；最优选地，所述的溶剂为pH7，50mM磷酸钾缓冲水溶液。
其中，所述的反应为在pH 4-10，30-70℃反应2-60h。
上述反应是在空气氛围下进行反应的。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优势：
(1)本发明是一种绿色经济的酶-化学级联方法的构建，用于合成含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物。
(2)与一般有毒化学催化剂相比，本发明选择醇脱氢酶作为催化剂，具有高度的底物专一性，无污染，催化效率高等特点，溶剂为缓冲水溶液，无有毒溶剂使用，无副产物生成，产物易分离。
(3)本发明中黄素分子的作用有两个方面，一构成前面酶法再生体系，二在后面化学法中作为氧化剂，整个级联反应中不需要再添加其它氧化剂。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做更进一步的具体说明，本发明的上述和/或其他方面的优点将会变得更加清楚。
图1为实施例1的反应原理图，其中，HLADH为马肝醇脱氢酶，F4为人工合成黄素类似物。
图2为实施例1产物2-苯基苯并咪唑的氢谱图。
图3为实施例1产物2-苯基苯并咪唑的碳谱图。
图4为实施例2产物2-(4-甲氧基苯基)苯并咪唑的氢谱图。
图5为实施例2产物2-(4-甲氧基苯基)苯并咪唑的碳谱图。
图6为实施例3产物2-呋喃基-苯并咪唑的氢谱图。
图7为实施例3产物2-呋喃基-苯并咪唑的碳谱图。
图8为实施例4产物2-噻吩-苯并咪唑的氢谱图。
图9为实施例4产物2-噻吩-苯并咪唑的碳谱图。
图10为实施例5产物2-吡啶基-苯并咪唑的氢谱图。
图11为实施例5产物2-吡啶基-苯并咪唑的碳谱图。
图12为实施例7产物2-庚基-苯并咪唑的氢谱图。
图13为实施例7产物2-庚基-苯并咪唑的碳谱图。
图14为实施例8产物2-环己基-苯并咪唑的氢谱图。
图15为实施例8产物2-环己基-苯并咪唑的碳谱图。
图16为实施例9产物2-苯基-苯并噻唑的氢谱图。
图17为实施例9产物2-苯基-苯并噻唑的碳谱图。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所述实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法；所述试剂和材料，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径获得。
以下结合具体实施例，对本发明做进一步说明。应理解，以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限制本发明的范围。以下实施例中，所述的涉及醇、胺、黄素分子和辅酶的浓度均指该体系中的终浓度；所述的醇脱氢酶的用量是相对于整个反应体系的用量。
本发明的含氮类杂环化合物及其衍生物的生产方法是以醇为底物，在氧气或空气气氛条件下，利用NAD +依赖的马肝醇脱氢酶，催化量的人工合成黄素类似物和辅酶催化生产醛，产生的醛，进一步与胺反应，在人工合成黄素类似物的作用下，生成含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物。
以下实施例中，所述的马肝醇脱氢酶的酶活为5U/mL。
实施例1：
以7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为再生NAD +的催化剂与马肝醇脱 氢酶偶联催化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛。7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为氧化剂，产生的苯甲醛与1,2-苯二胺反应，生成2-苯基苯并咪唑，其反应原理图如图1所示。苯甲醇在以马肝醇脱氢酶为催化剂，人工合成黄素类似物和辅酶构成的再生反应体系下，生成苯甲醛。生成的苯甲醛与1,2-苯二胺继续反应，在人工合成黄素类似物的氧化催化下生成最终的产物2-苯基苯并咪唑。
在30℃，200rpm摇床中，在2mL 100mM的pH7的磷酸钾缓冲液中，苯甲醇5mM、NAD +1mM、7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物0.5mM、马肝醇脱氢酶5U/mL，1,2-苯二胺6mM，反应液与外界空气相连通，反应48h，通过HPLC定量分析，产率99％，产物的核磁如图2和图3所示。
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000005
实施对照1：
同实施例1，试验其他量保持不变，其他量保持不变，7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物变为0.1mM，反应48小时，通过HPLC定量分析，产率68％。
实施对照2：
同实施例1，实施对照试验其他量保持不变，其他量保持不变，7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物变为0.2mM，反应48小时，通过HPLC定量分析，产率76％。
实施例2：
以7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为再生NAD+的催化剂与马肝醇脱氢酶偶联催化对甲氧基苯甲醇制备对甲氧基苯甲醛。7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为氧化剂，产生的对甲氧基苯甲醛与1,2-苯二胺反应，生成2-(4甲氧基苯基)苯并咪唑。
在30℃，200rpm摇床中，在2mL 100mM的pH7磷酸钾缓冲液中，对甲氧基苯甲醇5mM、NAD +1mM、7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物0.5mM、马肝醇脱氢酶5U/mL，1,2-苯二胺6mM，反应液与外界空气相连通，反应4h，通过HPLC 定量分析，产率99％，产物的核磁如图4和图5所示。
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000006
实施例3：
以7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为再生NAD+的催化剂与马肝醇脱氢酶偶联催化2-呋喃甲醇制备2-呋喃甲醛。7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为氧化剂，产生的2-呋喃甲醛与1,2-苯二胺反应，生成麦穗宁。
在30℃，200rpm摇床中，在2mL 100mM的pH7磷酸钾缓冲液中，2-呋喃甲醇5mM、NAD +1mM、7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物1mM、马肝醇脱氢酶5U/mL，1,2-苯二胺6mM，反应液与外界空气相连通，反应12h，通过HPLC定量分析，产率88％，产物的核磁如图6和图7所示。
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000007
对照实施例3：
同实施例3，其他量保持不变，7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物变为0.5mM，反应24小时，通过HPLC定量分析，产率67％。
实施例4：
以7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为再生NAD+的催化剂与马肝醇脱氢酶偶联催化2-噻吩甲醇制备2-噻吩甲醛。7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为氧化剂，产生的2-噻吩甲醛与1,2-苯二胺反应，生成2(2噻吩基)1h苯并咪唑。
在30℃，200rpm摇床中，在2mL 100mM的pH7磷酸钾缓冲液中，2-噻吩甲醇5mM、NAD +1mM、7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物1mM、马肝醇脱氢酶5U/mL，1,2-苯二胺6mM，反应液与外界空气相连通，反应24h，通过HPLC定量分析，产率57％，产物的核磁如图8和图9所示。
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000008
实施例5：
以7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为再生NAD+的催化剂与马肝醇脱氢酶偶联催化2-吡啶甲醇制备2-吡啶甲醛。7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为氧化剂，产生的2-吡啶甲醛与1,2-苯二胺反应，生成2(2吡啶基)1h苯并咪唑。
在30℃，200rpm摇床中，在2mL 100mM的pH7磷酸钾缓冲液中，2-吡啶甲醇5mM、NAD +1mM、7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物1mM、马肝醇脱氢酶5U/mL，1,2-苯二胺6mM，反应液与外界空气相连通，反应24h，通过HPLC定量分析，产率87％，产物的核磁如图10和图11所示。
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000009
对照实施例4：
同实施例5，其他量保持不变，7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物变为2mM，反应24小时，通过HPLC定量分析，产率63％。
实施例6：
以7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为再生NAD+的催化剂与马肝醇脱氢酶偶联催化肉桂醇制备肉桂醛。7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为氧化剂，产生的肉桂醛与1,2-苯二胺反应，生成2-(2-苯基乙烯基)-1H-苯并咪唑。
在30℃，200rpm摇床中，在2mL 100mM的pH7磷酸钾缓冲液中，肉桂醇5mM、NAD +1mM、7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物0.5mM、马肝醇脱氢酶5U/mL，1,2-苯二胺6mM，反应液与外界空气相连通，反应12h，通过HPLC定量分析，产率82％。
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000010
实施例7：
以7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为再生NAD+的催化剂与马肝醇脱氢酶偶联催化正辛醇制备正辛醛。7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为氧化剂，产生的正辛醛与1,2-苯二胺反应，生成2-(2-庚基)-苯并咪唑。
在30℃，200rpm摇床中，在2mL 100mM的pH7磷酸钾缓冲液中，正辛醇5mM、NAD +1mM、7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物1mM、马肝醇脱氢酶5U/mL，1,2-苯二胺6mM，反应液与外界空气相连通，反应12h，通过HPLC定量分析，产率72％，产物的核磁如图12和图13所示。
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000011
实施例8：
以7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为再生NAD+的催化剂与马肝醇脱氢酶偶联催化环己基甲醇制备环己基甲醛。7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为氧化剂，产生的环己基甲醛与1,2-苯二胺反应，生成2环己基1h苯并咪唑。
在30℃，200rpm摇床中，在2mL 100mM的pH7磷酸钾缓冲液中，环己基甲醇5mM、NAD +1mM、7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物0.5mM、马肝醇脱氢酶5U/mL，1,2-苯二胺6mM，反应液与外界空气相连通，反应48h，通过HPLC定量分析，产率91％，产物的核磁如图14和图15所示。
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000012
实施例9：
以7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为再生NAD+的催化剂与马肝醇脱氢酶偶联催化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛。7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为氧化剂，产生的苯甲醛与邻氨基苯硫酚反应，生成2-苯基苯并噻唑。
在30℃，200rpm摇床中，在2mL 100mM的pH7磷酸钾缓冲液中，苯甲醇5mM、NAD +1mM、7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物0.5mM、马肝醇脱氢酶5U/mL， 邻氨基苯硫酚6mM，反应液与外界空气相连通，反应24h，通过HPLC定量分析，产率18％，产物的核磁如图16和图17所示。
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000013
实施例10：
以7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为再生NAD+的催化剂与马肝醇脱氢酶偶联催化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛。7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为氧化剂，产生的苯甲醛与邻氨基苯酚反应。
在30℃，200rpm摇床中，在2mL 100mM的pH7磷酸钾缓冲液中，苯甲醇5mM、NAD +1mM、7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物0.5mM、马肝醇脱氢酶5U/mL，邻氨基苯酚6mM，反应液与外界空气相连通，反应24h，未监测到2-苯基苯并恶唑生成。
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000014
实施例11：
以7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为再生NAD+的催化剂与马肝醇脱氢酶偶联催化对硝基苯甲醇制备对硝基苯甲醛。7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为氧化剂，产生的对硝基苯甲醛与1,2-苯二胺反应。
在30℃，200rpm摇床中，在2mL 100mM的pH7磷酸钾缓冲液中，对硝基苯甲醇5mM、NAD +1mM、7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物0.5mM、马肝醇脱氢酶5U/mL，1,2-苯二胺6mM，反应液与外界空气相连通，反应24h，通过HPLC定量分析，产率15％。
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000015
实施例12：
以7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为再生NAD+的催化剂与马肝醇脱 氢酶偶联催化苯乙醇制备苯乙醛。7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为氧化剂，产生的苯乙醛与2-氨基-1-丁醇反应。
在30℃，200rpm摇床中，在2mL 100mM的pH7磷酸钾缓冲液中，苯乙醇5mM、NAD +1mM、7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物0.5mM、马肝醇脱氢酶5U/mL，2-氨基-1-丁醇6mM，反应液与外界空气相连通，反应24h，通过HPLC定量分析，生成2-乙基-5-苯基-1H-吡咯，产率92％。
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000016
实施例13：
以7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为再生NAD+的催化剂与马肝醇脱氢酶偶联催化环己醇制备环己醛。7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为氧化剂，产生的环己醛与3-氨基丙醇反应。
在30℃，200rpm摇床中，在2mL 100mM的pH7磷酸钾缓冲液中，环己醇5mM、NAD +1mM、7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物0.5mM、马肝醇脱氢酶5U/mL，3-氨基丙醇6mM，反应液与外界空气相连通，反应24h，通过HPLC定量分析，生成5,6,7,8-四氢喹啉，产率40％。
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000017
实施例14：
以7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为再生NAD+的催化剂与马肝醇脱氢酶偶联催化苯丙醇制备苯丙醛。7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为氧化剂，产生的苯丙醛与3-氨基-2-甲基丙烷-1-醇反应。
在30℃，200rpm摇床中，在2mL 100mM的pH7磷酸钾缓冲液中，苯丙醇5mM、NAD +1mM、7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物0.5mM、马肝醇脱氢酶5U/mL，3-氨基-2-甲基丙烷-1-醇6mM，反应液与外界空气相连通，反应24h，通过HPLC定量分析，生成3-苄基-5-苯甲基吡啶，产率50％。
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000018
实施例15：
以7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为再生NAD+的催化剂与马肝醇脱氢酶偶联催化2-氨基-1-丙醇，7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为氧化剂进一步氧化反应。
在30℃，200rpm摇床中，在2mL 100mM的pH7磷酸钾缓冲液中，2-氨基-1-丙醇5mM、NAD +1mM、7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物0.5mM、马肝醇脱氢酶5U/mL，反应液与外界空气相连通，反应24h，通过HPLC定量分析，生成2,5-二甲基吡嗪，产率45％。
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000019
实施例16：
以7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为再生NAD+的催化剂与马肝醇脱氢酶偶联催化对甲氧基苯甲醇制备对甲氧基苯甲醛。7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物作为氧化剂，产生的对甲氧基苯甲醛与6-(3,4-二氨基苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-甲基-3(2H)-哒嗪酮反应。
在30℃，200rpm摇床中，在2mL 100mM的pH7磷酸钾缓冲液中，对甲氧基苯甲醇5mM、NAD +1mM、7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物0.5mM、马肝醇脱氢酶5U/mL，6-(3,4-二氨基苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-甲基-3(2H)-哒嗪酮6mM，反应液与外界空气相连通，反应24h，通过HPLC定量分析，生成药物中间体匹莫苯丹，产率50％。
Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-000020
本发明提供了一种酶-化学级联法制备含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物的思路及方法， 具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多，以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种酶-化学级联法制备含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物的方法，其特征在于，将醇、胺、醇脱氢酶、黄素分子和辅酶于溶剂中反应，即得。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的醇为脂肪醇、环烷醇和芳香醇中的任意一种或几种组合。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的胺为芳香胺和脂肪胺中的任意一种或两种组合。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的醇脱氢酶为乙醇脱氢酶、马肝醇脱氢酶、酵母醇脱氢酶和甘露醇脱氢酶中的任意一种或几种组合。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的黄素分子为天然黄素和人工合成黄素类似物中的任意一种。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的人工合成黄素类似物为式Ⅰ所示，
    Figure PCTCN2021113184-appb-100001
    其中，R 1和R 2分别独立地选自氢、甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、卤原子、硝基或氨基；R 3选自氢、C 1～C 5的烷基、苯基或苄基中；X -选自卤离子、硝酸根或三氟甲磺酸根。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的人工合成黄素类似物为7-三氟甲基-N1，N10-乙烯基异咯嗪氯化物、8-氯-1,10-乙撑基异咯嗪氯化盐和1,10-乙撑基异咯嗪氯化盐中的任意一种。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的辅酶为天然辅酶和人工辅酶中的任意一种或两种组合。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的溶剂为缓冲水溶液。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的反应为在pH 4-10，30-70℃反应，反应时间2-60h。
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