WO2022110214A1 - 通信方法及装置 - Google Patents

通信方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022110214A1
WO2022110214A1 PCT/CN2020/132934 CN2020132934W WO2022110214A1 WO 2022110214 A1 WO2022110214 A1 WO 2022110214A1 CN 2020132934 W CN2020132934 W CN 2020132934W WO 2022110214 A1 WO2022110214 A1 WO 2022110214A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
network
terminal device
voice service
pdu session
threshold value
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/132934
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
潘晓刚
王刚
张东风
孙吉谭
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN202080034505.3A priority Critical patent/CN115004779A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/132934 priority patent/WO2022110214A1/zh
Publication of WO2022110214A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022110214A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/30—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
    • H04W36/302—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data due to low signal strength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
    • H04W36/144—Reselecting a network or an air interface over a different radio air interface technology
    • H04W36/1443—Reselecting a network or an air interface over a different radio air interface technology between licensed networks

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a communication method and device.
  • the terminal device can transmit voice services on wireless fidelity (WIFI).
  • WIFI wireless fidelity
  • the terminal device can switch to the fourth generation (4th Generation, 4G) network or the fifth generation (5th generation) network.
  • 4G fourth generation
  • 5th generation fifth generation
  • Generation, 5G continues to make voice calls to ensure the call quality of voice calls.
  • the terminal device will initiate voice service switching to the 5G network first.
  • the terminal device continues to keep the voice service in the WIFI network with low signal strength, which leads to the deterioration of the call quality of the voice service.
  • the present application provides a communication method and device, which solves the problem in the prior art that when a terminal device performs a voice over WIFI (voice over WIFI, VOWIFI) voice service, the failure to switch the voice service to the 5G network leads to poor voice call quality of the terminal device. .
  • a voice over WIFI voice over WIFI, VOWIFI
  • a communication method including:
  • the terminal device sends a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request to the session management function (session management function, SMF) entity; the PDU session establishment request is used to switch the voice service currently carried on the WIFI network to the 5G network.
  • PDU protocol data unit
  • the terminal device sends a packet data network (PDN) connection request to a packet data network gateway (P-GW); the PDN connection request is used to switch voice services to 4G network.
  • PDN packet data network
  • P-GW packet data network gateway
  • the VOWIFI voice service can be switched to a 5G network to ensure the call quality of the VOWIFI voice service.
  • the terminal device fails to switch the VOWIFI voice service to the 5G network
  • the terminal device initiates switching to the 4G network again to switch the VOWIFI voice service to the 4G network, so as to avoid the situation that the terminal device fails to switch the VOWIFI voice service to the 5G network. It will return to the WIFI network to perform voice services, which will affect the call quality of voice services.
  • the failure to establish a PDU session includes:
  • the terminal device receives the first response from the SMF; the first response is used to indicate that the establishment of the PDU session fails.
  • the terminal device may determine that the establishment of the PDU session fails according to the first response.
  • the conditions for the terminal device to send a PDU session establishment request to the SMF include: the signal strength of the WIFI network is less than the first threshold value, and the signal strength of the 5G network is greater than or equal to the first threshold value. Two threshold values.
  • the terminal device chooses to switch the voice service to the 5G network. Therefore, the voice service is performed on the network with high signal strength, thereby improving the call quality of the voice service.
  • the first threshold value is determined according to the movement speed of the terminal device and the movement direction of the terminal device.
  • the terminal device can dynamically determine the cut-out threshold of the WIFI network.
  • the terminal device can increase the cut-out threshold of the WIFI network to cut out the voice service in advance to avoid the terminal device. After the device quickly leaves the coverage of the WIFI network, the terminal device cannot switch out the voice service in time, resulting in a decrease in the quality of the voice call.
  • the terminal device When the terminal device is close to the coverage of the WIFI network, or the terminal device is moving slowly, the terminal device can reduce the cutout threshold of the WIFI network, and keep the voice service as low as possible on the basis of the quality of the voice service calls. Within a lower WIFI network.
  • the condition for the terminal device to send the PDU session establishment request to the SMF further includes any of the following: the signal strength of the 4G network is less than the third threshold; The signal strength is greater than or equal to the third threshold value, and the switching network determined by the terminal device is the 5G network.
  • the terminal device initiates voice service switching to the 5G network when the signal strength of the 4G network is low, or the signal strength of the 4G network is high, but the terminal device needs to switch to the 5G network first, which can improve the quality of the network service for the terminal device.
  • the voice service is performed on the 5G network, so as to improve the user's call experience.
  • the switching network is indicated by the first indication information.
  • the terminal device may determine to switch the network according to the first indication information.
  • the first indication information is indication information sent by a policy control function (policy control function, PCF) to the terminal device.
  • policy control function policy control function
  • the PCF on the network side can select a network to be handed over preferentially for the terminal device through the first indication information.
  • the first indication information is input information detected by the terminal device.
  • the user can input the first indication information through the input device of the terminal device to indicate the network to be switched preferentially, thereby improving the flexibility of the user's selection.
  • the second threshold value and the third threshold value are preset in the terminal device.
  • the terminal device may determine the second threshold value and the third threshold value according to preset information.
  • the terminal device has a subscriber identity module (subscriber identity module, SIM) card, and the second threshold value and the third threshold value are preset in the SIM card.
  • SIM subscriber identity module
  • the terminal device may determine the second threshold value and the third threshold value according to the card file of the SIM card.
  • the second threshold value and the third threshold value are indicated by the PCF through the second indication information.
  • the terminal device may determine the second threshold value and the third threshold value according to the second indication information.
  • the method further includes: in the case that the establishment of the PDU session fails, or in the case that the establishment of the PDU session is successful but the call quality of the voice service in the 5G network does not meet the preset conditions , the terminal device determines the first time window; within the first time window, the terminal device does not switch the voice service carried on the WIFI network to the 5G network.
  • the terminal device can not switch the voice service to the 5G network for a certain period of time when the 5G network cannot carry the voice service or the call quality of the voice service on the 5G network is poor, so as to avoid the problem that the terminal device fails to switch the voice service. , or to avoid the problem that the call quality of the terminal device is degraded after switching the voice service to the 5G network.
  • the method further includes: when the PDN connection fails, or when the PDN connection is successful but the call quality of the voice service on the 4G network does not meet the preset conditions, the terminal The device determines a second time window; within the second time window, the terminal device does not switch the voice service carried on the WIFI network to the 4G network.
  • the terminal device can not switch the voice service to the 4G network for a certain period of time when the 4G network cannot carry the voice service, or the voice service call quality of the 5G network is poor, so as to avoid the problem that the terminal device fails to switch the voice service. , or avoid the problem that the call quality is degraded after the terminal device switches the voice service to the 4G network.
  • a communication apparatus including: a processing unit and a communication unit.
  • the processing unit is used to instruct the communication unit to send a PDU session establishment request to the SMF; the PDU session establishment request is used to switch the voice service currently carried on the WIFI network to the 5G network.
  • the processing unit is further configured to instruct the communication unit to send a PDN connection request to the P-GW when the establishment of the PDU session fails; the PDN connection request is used to switch the voice service to the 4G network.
  • the processing unit is further configured to:
  • the communication unit When the communication unit receives the first response from the SMF, it is determined that the establishment of the PDU session fails; the first response is used to indicate that the establishment of the PDU session fails.
  • the conditions for the processing unit to instruct the communication unit to send a PDU session establishment request to the SMF include: the signal of the WIFI network is less than the first threshold value, and the signal strength of the 5G network is greater than or equal to the second threshold value.
  • the first threshold value is determined according to the movement speed of the communication device and the movement direction of the communication device.
  • the conditions for the processing unit to instruct the communication unit to send the PDU session establishment request to the SMF further include any of the following: the signal strength of the 4G network is less than a third threshold value; or, The signal strength of the 4G network is greater than or equal to the third threshold value, and the switching network determined by the communication device is the 5G network.
  • the switching network is indicated by the first indication information.
  • the first indication information is indication information sent by the policy control function PCF to the communication device.
  • the first indication information is input information detected by the communication device.
  • the second threshold value and the third threshold value are preset in the communication device.
  • the communication device has a SIM card, and the second threshold value and the third threshold value are preset in the SIM card.
  • the second threshold value and the third threshold value are indicated by the PCF through the second indication information.
  • the processing unit is further configured to:
  • a first timer is set; the first timer is used to indicate that the communication device is in the first When the timer is running, the voice service carried on the WIFI network is not switched to the 5G network.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: in the case of a PDN connection failure, or in the case of a successful PDN connection but the call quality of the voice service on the 4G network does not meet the preset conditions.
  • a second timer is set; the second timer is used to instruct the communication device not to switch the voice service carried on the WIFI network to the 4G network within the running time of the second timer.
  • a communication method including:
  • the terminal device performs a first handover on the ongoing voice service; wherein, the voice service is currently carried on the WIFI network; the first handover is used to switch the voice service to the first network.
  • the terminal device performs a second handover when the first handover fails; the second handover is used to switch the voice service to the second network; wherein the network types of the first network, the second network, and the WIFI network are different.
  • the first network is a 5G network.
  • the second network is a 4G network.
  • the first handover is that the terminal device sends a PDU session establishment request to the SMF.
  • the first handover failure includes:
  • the terminal device receives the first response from the SMF; the first response is used to indicate that the establishment of the PDU session fails.
  • the second handover is that the terminal device sends a PDN connection request to the P-GW.
  • the conditions for the terminal device to perform the first handover include: the signal of the WIFI network is less than the first threshold, and the signal strength of the first network is greater than or equal to the second threshold value.
  • the first threshold value is determined according to the movement speed of the terminal device and the movement direction of the terminal device.
  • condition for the terminal device to perform the first handover further includes any one of the following: the signal strength of the second network is less than the third threshold; or, the signal strength of the second network The strength is greater than or equal to the third threshold value, and the switching network determined by the terminal device is the first network.
  • the switching network is indicated by the first indication information.
  • the first indication information is indication information sent by the policy control function PCF to the terminal device.
  • the first indication information is input information detected by the terminal device.
  • the second threshold value and the third threshold value are preset in the terminal device.
  • the terminal device has a SIM card, and the second threshold value and the third threshold value are preset in the SIM card.
  • the second threshold value and the third threshold value are indicated by the PCF through the second indication information.
  • the terminal device sets a third timer; the third timer is used to instruct the terminal device to When the third timer is running, the voice service carried on the WIFI network is not switched to the 5G network.
  • the terminal device sets a fourth timer; the fourth timer is used to instruct the terminal device to During the running time of the fourth timer, the voice service carried on the WIFI network is not switched to the 4G network.
  • a communication device comprising: a processing unit.
  • the processing unit is configured to perform a first handover for the ongoing voice service; wherein, the voice service is currently carried on the Wi-Fi network; the first handover is used to switch the voice service to the first network.
  • the processing unit is further configured to perform a second handover when the first handover fails; the second handover is used to switch the voice service to the second network; wherein the network types of the first network, the second network, and the WIFI network are different .
  • the first network is a 5G network.
  • the second network is a 4G network.
  • the communication apparatus further includes: a communication unit.
  • the first switch is that the processing unit instructs the communication unit to request the SMF PDU session establishment.
  • the processing unit is further configured to:
  • the communication unit After the communication unit receives the first response from the SMF, it is determined that the first handover fails; the first response is used to indicate that the establishment of the PDU session fails.
  • the second handover is that the processing unit instructs the communication unit to send a PDN connection request to the P-GW.
  • the conditions for the processing unit to perform the first switching include: the signal of the WIFI network is less than the first threshold value, and the signal strength of the first network is greater than or equal to the second threshold value.
  • the first threshold value is determined according to the movement speed of the communication device and the movement direction of the communication device.
  • the conditions for the processing unit to perform the first handover further include any of the following: the signal strength of the second network is less than the third threshold; or, the signal strength of the second network The strength is greater than or equal to the third threshold value, and the switching network determined by the processing unit is the first network.
  • the switching network is indicated by the first indication information.
  • the first indication information is indication information sent by the policy control function PCF to the communication device.
  • the first indication information is input information detected by the communication device.
  • the second threshold value and the third threshold value are preset in the communication device.
  • the communication device has a SIM card, and the second threshold value and the third threshold value are preset in the SIM card.
  • the second threshold value and the third threshold value are indicated by the PCF through the second indication information.
  • the first handover in a possible implementation manner, in the case that the first handover fails, or in the case that the first handover succeeds but the call quality of the voice service on the 5G network does not meet the preset conditions, the first handover is set.
  • Three timers; the third timer is used to instruct the communication device not to switch the voice service carried on the WIFI network to the 5G network when the third timer is running.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: in the case that the second handover fails, or when the second handover succeeds but the call quality of the voice service on the 4G network does not meet the preset requirements If the conditions are met, a fourth timer is set; the fourth timer is used to instruct the communication device not to switch the voice service carried on the WIFI network to the 4G network within the running time of the fourth timer.
  • the present application provides a communication device, comprising: a processor and a storage medium; at least one processor and an interface circuit, where the interface circuit is configured to receive signals from other communication devices other than the communication device and transmit to the processor Or send the signal from the processor to other communication devices than the communication device, and the processor is used to implement the first aspect and any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect through logic circuits or executing code instructions.
  • the communication device may be a terminal device or a chip in the terminal device.
  • the present application provides a communication device, comprising: a processor and a storage medium; at least one processor and an interface circuit, where the interface circuit is configured to receive signals from other communication devices other than the communication device and transmit to the processor Or send the signal from the processor to the communication device other than the communication device, the processor is used to implement the third aspect and any one of the possible implementation manners of the third aspect through logic circuits or executing code instructions method.
  • the communication device may be a terminal device or a chip in the terminal device.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the instructions are run on a computer, the computer is made to execute any one of the first aspect and the first aspect The methods described in possible implementations.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the instructions are executed on a computer, the computer is made to execute any one of the third aspect and the third aspect.
  • the present application provides a computer program product comprising instructions that, when the computer program product is run on a computer, cause the computer to perform as described in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect method.
  • the present application provides a computer program product comprising instructions that, when the computer program product is run on a computer, cause the computer to perform as described in the third aspect and any possible implementation of the third aspect method.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture of a 5G system according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture of an EPC/ePDG system provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture of a 5GC/N3IWF system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of another communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the application.
  • the present application can be applied to 4G systems, various systems based on 4G system evolution, 5G systems, and various systems based on 5G system evolution.
  • the 4G system may also be called an evolved packet system (EPS).
  • the core network of the 4G system may be called an evolved packet core (EPC), and the access network may be called long term evolution (LTE).
  • the core network of the 5G system can be called 5GC (5G core), and the access network can be called new radio (NR).
  • EPS evolved packet system
  • EPC evolved packet core
  • LTE long term evolution
  • 5G core 5GC
  • NR new radio
  • the application of the application to the 5G system is used as an example to illustrate the application below, but it can be understood that the application is also applicable to the 4G system, the third generation (3th Generation, 3G) system, etc., without limitation .
  • FIG. 1 exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of a network architecture of a 5G system.
  • the 5G system may include: an authentication server function (AUSF) network element, an access and mobility management function (core access and mobility management function, AMF) network element, a data network (DN, DN) ), unified data management (UDM) network elements, PCF network elements, radio access network (RAN) network elements, user plane function (UPF) network elements, terminal equipment (terminal equipment) ), application function (AF) network element, and SMF network element.
  • AUSF authentication server function
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • DN data network
  • UDM unified data management
  • PCF PCF network elements
  • RAN radio access network
  • UPF user plane function
  • terminal equipment terminal equipment
  • AF application function
  • SMF SMF network element
  • the RAN network element, AMF network element, SMF network element, AUSF network element, UDM network element, UPF network element and PCF network element in Figure 1 are only a name, and the name does not constitute a limitation on the network element itself.
  • the entities or devices corresponding to these network elements may also have other names, which are not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the UDM network element may also be replaced with a user home server (home subscriber server, HSS) or user subscription database (user subscription database, USD) or database network element, etc., which are described here uniformly, and will not be repeated below. .
  • RAN For convenience of description, RAN, AMF, SMF, UDM, UPF, PCF, etc. are referred to as RAN, AMF, SMF, UDM, UPF, PCF, etc., respectively, in the following.
  • Figure 1 shows the interaction relationship between network elements and corresponding interfaces.
  • the terminal device and the AMF can interact through the N1 interface, and the interaction message is called an N1 message.
  • Some interfaces are implemented in the form of service interfaces.
  • PCF has functions such as providing policy rules to network elements on the control plane.
  • UDM has functions such as managing user contract data and generating user authentication information.
  • AF which may be an application server, may belong to an operator or a third party. It mainly supports interaction with the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) core network to provide services, such as influencing data routing decisions, policy control functions, or providing some third-party services to the network side.
  • 3GPP 3rd generation partnership project
  • AMF also known as access management equipment
  • AMF is mainly responsible for the signaling processing part, for example, terminal equipment registration management, terminal equipment connection management, terminal equipment reachability management, terminal equipment access authorization and access authentication Security functions of terminal equipment, mobility management of terminal equipment, network slice selection, SMF selection, attachment and detachment of terminal equipment and other functions.
  • AMF acts as the anchor point of N1 signaling and N2 signaling connection and provides SMF with N1/N2 interface session management (session management, SM) message routing; maintains and manages the state information of terminal equipment.
  • the AMF network element provides services for the session in the terminal device, it provides storage resources of the control plane for the session to store the session context, such as the session ID, the ID of the SMF associated with the session ID, and the like.
  • SMF is mainly responsible for all control plane functions of terminal device session management, including UPF selection, control and redirection, Internet protocol (IP) address allocation and management, session quality of service (Quality of Service, QoS) management, Obtain policy and charging control (policy and charging control, PCC) policies from PCF, bearer establishment, modification and release, and QoS control.
  • IP Internet protocol
  • QoS session quality of service
  • PCC policy and charging control
  • UPF as the anchor point of protocol data unit (protocol data unit, PDU) session connection, is responsible for data packet filtering, data transmission/forwarding of terminal equipment (for example, receiving data from DN, and transmitting it to terminal through access network equipment) equipment, or receive data from terminal equipment through access network equipment and send it to DN), rate control, generation of billing information, user plane QoS processing, uplink transmission authentication, transmission level verification, downlink data packet buffering and downlink data notification trigger etc.
  • the UPF can also act as a branch point for a multi-homed PDU session.
  • the transmission resources and scheduling functions that provide services to terminal equipment in the UPF are managed and controlled by the SMF.
  • RAN also known as next generation radio access network (NG-RAN)
  • NG-RAN next generation radio access network
  • the access network equipment in the embodiments of the present application refers to wireless access network equipment.
  • the access network equipment is connected to the UPF through the user plane interface N3, and is used to transmit the data of the terminal equipment.
  • the access network equipment establishes a control plane signaling connection with the AMF through the control plane interface N2 to implement functions such as radio access bearer control.
  • An access network device is an access device that a terminal device wirelessly accesses to a mobile communication system, which can be a base station (base station), an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a transmission reception point (TRP) , the next generation NodeB (gNB), the base station in the future mobile communication system or the access node in the wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, WiFi) system, etc.
  • the access network device in this application may be a complete entity, and may also be a form in which a centralized unit (centralized unit, CU) and a distributed unit (distributed unit, DU) are separated. Multiple DUs can be centrally controlled by one CU.
  • the logical functions of CU and DU can be deployed in a single physical entity or on different physical entities.
  • the terminal device may be a wireless terminal device or a wired terminal device.
  • a wireless end device may be a device that provides voice and/or data connectivity to a user, a handheld device with wireless connectivity, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem.
  • a certain air interface technology (for example, NR technology or LTE technology) is used for mutual communication between the terminal device and the access network device.
  • a certain air interface technology (for example, NR technology or LTE technology) may also be used for mutual communication between terminal devices.
  • the wireless terminal device may communicate with one or more core network devices via access network devices, such as with AMF, SMF, and the like.
  • the terminal device can be a mobile terminal device, such as a mobile phone (or called a "cellular" phone), a smart phone, a satellite wireless device, a wireless terminal device in industrial control, a wireless terminal device in unmanned driving, a wireless terminal device in telesurgery Terminal equipment, wireless terminal equipment in smart grid, wireless terminal equipment in transportation security, wireless terminal equipment in smart city, wireless terminal equipment in smart home, wireless modem card and computer with mobile terminal equipment (for example, mobile devices, which may be laptop, portable, pocket, handheld, computer built-in or vehicle mounted), exchange voice and/or data with access network equipment.
  • a mobile terminal device such as a mobile phone (or called a "cellular" phone), a smart phone, a satellite wireless device, a wireless terminal device in industrial control, a wireless terminal device in unmanned driving, a wireless terminal device in telesurgery Terminal equipment, wireless terminal equipment in smart grid, wireless terminal equipment in transportation security, wireless terminal equipment in smart city, wireless terminal equipment in smart home, wireless modem card and computer with mobile terminal equipment (
  • the wireless terminal equipment may be a personal communication service (PCS) phone, mobile phone, tablet computer, computer with wireless transceiver function, AR terminal equipment, VR terminal equipment, MR terminal equipment, XR terminal equipment, cordless terminal equipment, etc.
  • Telephone session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, wireless local loop (WLL) station, personal digital assistant (PDA), machine type communication terminal equipment and other equipment.
  • SIP session initiation protocol
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • the communication device loaded on the vehicle is a terminal device, and the roadside unit (RSU) can also be used as a terminal device.
  • the communication equipment loaded on the UAV can also be regarded as a kind of terminal equipment.
  • Terminal equipment may also be referred to as user equipment (UE), terminal, mobile terminal (MT), subscriber unit (subscriber unit), subscriber station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, access point, connection Incoming terminal, user terminal, user agent, etc.
  • the network architecture of the 5G network may also include other functional network elements.
  • a network element may also be referred to as an entity or a device or the like.
  • the terminal equipment, RAN, UPF and DN in Figure 1 are generally referred to as user plane network elements.
  • the data traffic of the user can be transmitted through the PDU session established between the terminal equipment and the DN, and the transmission will pass through the two networks of RAN and UPF. Yuan.
  • the user plane is used to carry service data.
  • Other network elements in Figure 1 are called control plane network elements, which are mainly responsible for functions such as authentication and authentication, registration management, session management, mobility management, and policy control, so as to achieve reliable and stable transmission of user layer traffic.
  • the control plane is used to carry signaling messages.
  • VOWIFI voice service refers to a call solution for terminal equipment to perform telephone voice service on the WIFI network.
  • VOWIFI has the advantages of low call cost, and can cover indoor, basement and other scenarios that are difficult to be covered by mobile networks, etc., and plays a good supplementary role to 3GPP voice services.
  • the terminal device can make voice calls through the indoor WIFI to improve the user's call experience.
  • the VOWIFI voice service can be carried in the EPC/ePDG system (denoted as case I). Alternatively, the VOWIFI voice service can be carried in the 5GC/N3IWF system (denoted as case II).
  • Case I VOWIFI voice service is carried in the EPC/ePDG system.
  • the EPC/ePDG system refers to a communication system composed of a terminal device, an evolved packet data gateway (evolevd packet data gateway, ePDG) and an LTE core network EPC.
  • ePDG evolved packet data gateway
  • LTE core network EPC LTE core network
  • the terminal equipment performs the VOWIFI voice service, which is similar to the terminal equipment performing the LTE voice service (voice over LTE, VOLTE). The difference is that:
  • the terminal device When the terminal device performs the VOWIFI voice service, the terminal device sends the VOWIFI voice service data to the ePDG through the WIFI network. After receiving the VOWIFI voice service data, the ePDG sends the VOWIFI voice service data to the EPC.
  • the terminal device When the terminal device performs the VOLTE voice service, the terminal device sends the VOLTE voice service data to the access network device through the wireless communication link between the terminal device and the access network device (eg, eNodeB). After receiving the VOLTE voice service data, the access network device sends the VOLTE voice service data to the EPC.
  • the access network device eg, eNodeB
  • the terminal device sends voice service data to the EPC through the WIFI network and the ePDG.
  • the terminal device sends voice service data to the EPC through the LTE access network.
  • FIG. 2 exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of a network architecture of an EPC/ePDG system.
  • the EPC/ePDG system may include: terminal equipment, ePDG, 3GPP authentication authorization and accounting (AAA) server, P-GW, serving gateway (S-GW), policy and Charging rules function unit (policy and charging rules function, PCRF), home subscriber server (home subscriber server, HSS).
  • AAA authentication authorization and accounting
  • P-GW P-GW
  • S-GW serving gateway
  • policy and Charging rules function unit policy and Charging rules function unit
  • PCRF home subscriber server
  • HSS home subscriber server
  • Figure 2 shows the interaction relationship between network elements and the corresponding interfaces.
  • the terminal device and the ePDG can interact through the SWu interface
  • the ePDG and the P-GW can communicate through the S2b interface
  • the P-GW and S - GWs interact through the S5 interface.
  • FIG. 2 For the interfaces between other network elements, reference may be made to FIG. 2 , which will not be described in detail in this application.
  • ePDG is used to interact with the AAA network element (also known as the 3GPP AAA server) through the SWm interface to complete the extensible authentication protocol authentication and key agreement (EAPAKA) authentication for users; Interact through the S2b interface, forward the user's service data flow to the PGW; interact with the proxy-call session control function (P-CSCF) in the IP multimedia subsystem (IP multimedia subsystem, IMS) domain through the Gxb interface , which is used to realize the discovery of the P-CSCF, and establish the service bearer and QoS mapping.
  • AAA network element also known as the 3GPP AAA server
  • EAPAKA extensible authentication protocol authentication and key agreement
  • 3GPP AAA server also known as 3GPP AAA Server, is used to complete EAPAKA authentication of users.
  • the 3GPP AAA server interacts with the P-GW through the S6b interface to complete the registration of the user's PGW IP address and Access Point Name (APN) to the HSS, further enabling the HSS to store the PGW IP address accessed by the user.
  • PGW IP address and Access Point Name (APN)
  • the P-GW is mainly used for: packet routing and forwarding; Anchor function (HA function) between 3GPP and non-3GPP networks; IP address allocation for terminal equipment, and functions for accessing external PDN gateways.
  • Anchor function HA function
  • S-GW packet routing and forwarding function
  • IP header compression IP header compression
  • IDLE state termination point downlink data buffer
  • E-NodeB handover anchor point route optimization.
  • PCRF defines charging rules for different services for each user; and provides different QOS for different bearer services.
  • HSS is used to store all service-related data in the LTE/SAE network.
  • the 5GC/N3IWF system refers to the communication system composed of terminal equipment, non-3GPP interworking function (Non-3GPP interworking function, N3IWF), and 5G core network 5GC.
  • N3IWF non-3GPP interworking function
  • terminal equipment accesses 5GC through N3IWF.
  • the VOWIFI voice service performed by the terminal equipment is similar to the NR voice service (voice over NR, VONR) performed by the terminal equipment. The differences are:
  • the terminal device When the terminal device performs the VOWIFI voice service, the terminal device sends the VOWIFI voice service data to the N3IWF through the WIFI network. After receiving the VOWIFI voice service data, the N3IWF sends the VOWIFI voice service data to the 5GC.
  • the terminal device When the terminal device performs the VONR voice service, the terminal device sends the VONR voice service data to the access network device through the wireless communication link between the terminal device and the access network device (eg gNB). After receiving the VONR voice service data, the access network device sends the VONR voice service data to the 5GC.
  • the access network device eg gNB
  • the terminal device sends voice service data to the 5GC through the WIFI network and the N3IWF.
  • the terminal device sends voice service data to the 5GC through the 5G access network.
  • FIG. 3 exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of a network architecture of the 5GC/N3IWF system.
  • the 5GC/N3IWF system may include: terminal equipment, N3IWF, AUSF, AMF, DN, UDM, PCF, UPF, AF, SMF.
  • N3IWF as a network element for terminal equipment to access the 5G core network through an untrusted non-3GPP network, is mainly used to: support the establishment of an Internet protocol security (IPsec) tunnel for terminal equipment, terminate the user plane and control plane To the N2 interface and N3 interface of the 5G core network, relay and transmit the NAS signaling of the control plane between the terminal device and the AMF, process the QoS-related N2 signaling from the SMF, establish an IPsec security association to support the PDU session service, and Functions such as relaying uplink and downlink user plane packets between the terminal equipment and the UPF.
  • IPsec Internet protocol security
  • a terminal device when a terminal device performs a VOWIFI voice service, if the terminal device detects that the signal strength of the current WIFI network is less than a first threshold value, it can choose to switch the VOWIFI voice service to a 5G network or a 4G network for voice service. .
  • the terminal device When the terminal is covered by 4G network and 5G network at the same time, the terminal device will usually preferentially access the 5G network to provide users with better network services. However, in some scenarios, the terminal device directly switches the VOWIFI voice service to the 5G network. The call quality of the voice service may be degraded.
  • the 5G network has already experienced voice congestion and word-throwing phenomenon.
  • the voice service will also experience voice congestion and word-throwing phenomenon, resulting in The call quality of the voice service is degraded.
  • the 5G SA network may not support VONR voice services.
  • the 5G network needs to adopt the evolved packet system to fall back. Packet system fall back, EPSFB), the voice service falls back to the 4G network.
  • EPSFB Packet system fall back
  • the PDN session of the VOWIFI voice service will first be switched to the 5G system, the media bearer will be established in the 5G system, and then EPSFB will be triggered to fall back the voice service to the 4G system.
  • there are many signaling processes in the handover process between the terminal device and the network device and the handover delay is large, which will greatly increase the probability of voice service handover failure.
  • the PDU session establishment request is rejected.
  • the voice service needs to be kept in the WIFI network to continue.
  • the call quality may be poor or even dropped.
  • the present application provides a communication method, as shown in FIG. 4 , the method includes:
  • the terminal device sends a PDU session establishment request to the SMF.
  • the SMF receives the PDU session establishment request from the terminal device.
  • the PDU session establishment request is used to switch the voice service currently carried on the WIFI network to the 5G network.
  • the PDU session establishment request for switching the voice service sent by the terminal device to the SFM is the IMS PDU session establishment request.
  • the terminal device when the terminal device performs the VOWIFI voice service, if the terminal device detects that the signal strength of the WIFI network carrying the VOWIFI voice service is less than the first threshold value, the terminal device measures the signal strength of the 5G network. When the signal strength of the 5G network is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, the terminal device sends a PDU session establishment request to the SMF, and attempts to switch the voice service to the 5G network.
  • the voice service performed in the 5G network is also called VONR voice service. Therefore, switching the voice service from the WIFI network to the 5G network can also be understood as switching the VOWIFI voice service to the VONR voice service.
  • the terminal device sends a PDN connection request to the P-GW.
  • the PDN connection request is used to switch voice services to the 4G network.
  • the failure of the terminal device to switch voice services to the 5G network includes at least the following situations:
  • the terminal device sends a PDU session establishment request to the SMF, but the PDU session request is not successfully received by the SMF.
  • Scenario II The 5G network cannot meet the PDU session establishment requirements (such as voice service congestion, insufficient network slice resources, etc.), and the SMF rejects the terminal device's PDU session establishment request;
  • PDU session establishment requirements such as voice service congestion, insufficient network slice resources, etc.
  • Scenario III SMF allows the PDU session establishment request of the terminal equipment, but the PDU session establishment fails.
  • the terminal device will receive a message of rejecting the establishment of the PDU session from the SMF, and after receiving the message, the terminal device determines that the establishment of the PDU session fails.
  • the terminal device directly initiates the handover to the 4G network.
  • the terminal equipment will not receive a response message from the SMF indicating that the PDU session establishment fails.
  • the terminal device can set a preset duration. If the PDU session is not established successfully within the preset duration, the terminal device considers that the establishment of the PDU session fails. The terminal device directly initiates the handover to the 4G network.
  • the terminal device if the establishment of the PDU session fails, it means that the terminal device is currently unable to switch the voice service to the 5G network. At this time, in order to ensure the call quality of the voice service, the terminal device sends a PDN connection request to the P-GW to try to switch the voice service to the 4G network.
  • the voice service performed in the 4G network is also called the VOLTE voice service. Therefore, switching the voice service from the WIFI network to the 4G network can also be understood as switching the VOWIFI voice service to the VOLTE voice service.
  • the VOWIFI voice service can be switched to a 5G network to ensure the call quality of the VOWIFI voice service.
  • the terminal device fails to switch the VOWIFI voice service to the 5G network
  • the terminal device initiates switching to the 4G network again to switch the VOWIFI voice service to the 4G network, so as to avoid the situation that the terminal device fails to switch the VOWIFI voice service to the 5G network. It will return to the WIFI network to perform voice services, which will affect the call quality of voice services.
  • S402a-S402c S402a-S402c are specifically described below:
  • the SMF sends a first response to the terminal device. Accordingly, the terminal device receives the first response from the SMF.
  • the first response is used to indicate that the PDU session establishment failed.
  • the SMF will reject the PDU session establishment request of the terminal device, and the scenarios that cause the PDU session establishment failure include at least: a.
  • the network slice resources of the 5G network are insufficient; b.
  • the 5G network does not support VONR voice services; c.
  • the 5G network Voice congestion occurs.
  • the SMF After the SMF receives the PDU session establishment request from the terminal device, the SMF determines that the 5G network currently does not have enough network slice resources allocated to the terminal device for conducting the PDU session.
  • the SMF sends the #69 cause (insufficient resources for specific slice) signaling message to the terminal device, indicating to the terminal device that the current 5G network does not have enough network slice resources allocated to the terminal device for establishing PDUs session.
  • the terminal device determines, according to the first response, that the establishment of the PDU session fails.
  • the terminal device determines, according to the #69 cause, that there are currently insufficient network slice resources of the 5G network to allocate to the terminal device for establishing a PDU session. Further, the terminal device determines that the establishment of the PDU session fails.
  • the terminal device sends a PDN connection request to the P-GW.
  • the terminal device In the case that the terminal device fails to switch the voice service to the 5G network, the terminal device switches the voice service to the 4G network by sending a PDN connection request to the P-GW of the 4G network.
  • the terminal device may determine that the establishment of the terminal PDU session fails, and then trigger the terminal device to switch the voice service to the 4G network.
  • the communication method provided by this embodiment of the present application further includes:
  • a terminal device initiates a VOWIFI voice service.
  • the terminal device when the terminal device initiates the VOWIFI voice service, the terminal device can also perform the data transmission service synchronously.
  • the IMS PDN of the VOWIFI voice service of the terminal device is established in the EPC/ePDG system, or the IMS PDU session of the VOWIFI voice service is established in the 5GC/N3IWF system.
  • the PDU session of the data service of the terminal device is established in the 5G core network (5GC) through the NG-RAN.
  • 5GC 5G core network
  • the above-mentioned WIFI network is a WIFI network carrying the above-mentioned VOWIFI voice service.
  • the terminal device determines the signal strength of the 5G network and the signal strength of the 4G network.
  • the terminal device further determines whether the signal strength of the 4G network is greater than or equal to the first threshold value.
  • the above-mentioned 4G network and 5G network are both networks covering the current location of the terminal device.
  • the above terminal equipment determines that the signal strength of the WIFI network is less than the first threshold value as the trigger condition for measuring the signal strength of the 4G network and the signal strength of the 5G network and initiating voice service switching.
  • the terminal device can also set other trigger conditions to trigger the terminal device to measure the signal strength of the 4G network and the signal strength of the 5G network and initiate voice service switching.
  • the terminal device uses the poor call quality of the VOWIFI voice service as a triggering condition to trigger the terminal device to measure the signal strength of the 4G network and the signal strength of the 5G network and initiate voice service switching.
  • the terminal equipment measures the signal strength of the 4G network, And the signal strength of the 5G network.
  • the terminal device uses the detected voice service switching instruction as a triggering condition for triggering the terminal device to measure the signal strength of the 4G network and the signal strength of the 5G network and initiate voice service switching.
  • the voice service switching instruction detected by the terminal device may be a voice service switching instruction input by the user through an input device (touch screen, keyboard keys, etc.) of the terminal device.
  • the user judges that the call quality of the VOWIFI voice service will be affected in the next period of time (for example, the user will frequently move to a location with poor Wi-Fi network signal, or the Wi-Fi network will download a large number of files in the next period of time, which will affect the voice call. normal operation, etc.).
  • the user may input a voice service switching instruction in the input device of the terminal device. After detecting the voice service switching instruction, the terminal device measures the signal strength of the 4G network and the signal strength of the 5G network respectively.
  • the terminal device can also set trigger conditions other than those described above to trigger the terminal device to measure the signal strength of the 4G network and the signal strength of the 5G network and initiate voice service switching, which is not limited in this application.
  • the terminal device determines whether the signal strength of the 5G network is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, and whether the signal strength of the 4G network is greater than or equal to the third threshold value.
  • the second threshold value and the third threshold value are preconfigured in the terminal device.
  • the terminal device determines the second threshold value and the third threshold value according to the pre-configuration.
  • the second threshold value and the third threshold value are configured for the terminal device.
  • the second threshold value and the third threshold value are configured for the terminal device in the system update package.
  • the second threshold value and the third threshold value are indicated by the PCF through the second indication information.
  • the PCF and the terminal device can configure the second threshold value and the third threshold value for the terminal device through the following steps a to c.
  • Step a The PCF generates second indication information.
  • the second indication information may be an ANDDSP policy configuration generated by the PCF.
  • ANDDSP Info type is used to characterize the type of the ANDDSP message.
  • Length of ANDDSP info is used to characterize the length of the ANDDSP message.
  • ANDSP info contents are used to characterize the contents of an ANDDSP message. Spare is used to characterize reserved bits.
  • the above-mentioned "0 0 1 1 N3AN HandOver configuration information” is a newly added signaling, which is used to instruct a non-3GPP access network (Non-3GPP Access Network, N3NA) handover configuration information.
  • the N3NA handover configuration information includes the above-mentioned second threshold value and third threshold value.
  • the N3NA handover configuration information further includes information indicating a network standard (prefer rat) preferred by the handover network.
  • N3NA handover configuration information is shown in Table 3 below:
  • the N3AN HandOver prefer rat is used to indicate the information of the network standard (prefer rat) preferred by the switching network.
  • the PCF does not need to configure this information for the terminal device, the corresponding information in Table 3 may not be carried.
  • the NG-RAN threshold is the cut-in threshold of the 5G access network, that is, the second threshold above.
  • the ElUTRAN threshod is the cut-in threshold of the 4G access network, that is, the above-mentioned third threshold.
  • Step b The PCF sends the second indication information to the terminal device.
  • the terminal device receives the second indication information from the PCF.
  • Step c the terminal device determines the second threshold value and the third threshold value according to the second indication information.
  • the terminal device has a SIM card, and the second threshold value and the third threshold value are preconfigured in a card file of the SIM card.
  • the terminal device determines the second threshold value and the third threshold value by reading the card file of the SIM card.
  • the terminal device may also determine the second threshold value and the third threshold value in other ways, which are not limited in this application.
  • the terminal device may determine the second threshold value and the third threshold value in any of the above manners. Furthermore, the terminal device can judge whether the signal strength of the 5G network satisfies the handover condition, and judge whether the 4G network satisfies the handover condition according to the second threshold value and the third threshold value.
  • the terminal device determines whether the signal strength of the 5G network is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, and whether the signal strength of the 4G network is greater than or equal to the third threshold value, including the following scenarios:
  • the signal strength of the 5G network is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, and the signal strength of the 4G network is greater than or equal to the third threshold value.
  • the signal strength of the 5G network is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, and the signal strength of the 4G network is less than the third threshold value.
  • the signal strength of the 5G network is less than the second threshold value, and the signal strength of the 4G network is greater than or equal to the third threshold value.
  • Scenario 4 The signal strength of the 5G network is less than the second threshold value, and the signal strength of the 4G network is less than the third threshold value.
  • the switching network selected by the terminal device and the switching actions performed by the terminal device and the network-side device are different.
  • the above scenarios 1 to 4 are described in detail below:
  • the signal strength of the 5G network is greater than or equal to the second threshold, and the signal strength of the 4G network is greater than or equal to the third threshold.
  • the terminal device performs at least one of the following S605-S607.
  • the terminal device determines the switching network.
  • the switching network is used to characterize the network that the terminal device preferentially switches over when switching voice services.
  • the terminal device when switching the network to the 5G network, the terminal device preferentially switches to the 5G network.
  • the terminal device When switching the network to the 4G network, the terminal device preferentially switches to the 4G network.
  • the second threshold value and the third threshold value are pre-configured in the terminal device, and the network is switched.
  • the terminal device determines to switch the network according to the pre-configuration.
  • the switching network is indicated by the terminal device according to the first indication information.
  • the first indication information may be carried in the ANDDSP policy configuration information recorded in the above S604.
  • the ANDDSP policy configuration information recorded in the above S604.
  • reference may be made to the descriptions in Table 1 to Table 3 in the foregoing S604, which will not be repeated here.
  • the terminal device has a SIM card, and the switching network is pre-configured in a card file of the SIM card.
  • the terminal device determines to switch the network by reading the card file of the SIM card.
  • the terminal device determines the switching network according to the detected switching network selection information.
  • the terminal device displays a switching network selection interface on the display interface.
  • the user can choose to switch networks according to the display interface.
  • the terminal device detects the operation of selecting the switching network, and determines the selected switching network according to the operation.
  • the terminal device may also determine the switching network in other ways, which is not limited in this application.
  • the switching network determined by the terminal device may be a 5G network (referred to as case 1) or a 4G network (referred to as case 2). Cases 1 and 2 are described as follows:
  • the switching network determined by the terminal device is the 5G network.
  • the process of the terminal device performing network switching can be implemented as follows:
  • the terminal device sends a PDU session establishment request to the SMF.
  • the SMF receives the PDU session establishment request from the terminal device.
  • the terminal device may switch voice services to the 5G network in the following two situations:
  • the terminal device successfully switches the voice service to the 5G network; in case 1.2, the terminal device fails to switch the voice service to the 5G network.
  • the terminal device successfully switches the voice service to the 5G network.
  • the SMF will further execute the PDU session establishment process. After the PDU session is established, the terminal device successfully switches the voice service to the 5G network. After that, the terminal equipment conducts voice services on the 5G network.
  • the terminal device may initiate a handover to the 4G network by performing the above S402.
  • the terminal device may initiate a handover to the 4G network by performing the above S402.
  • S402. For the specific implementation process, reference may be made to the above S402, which will not be repeated here.
  • the process of network handover between the terminal device and the P-GW can be implemented as follows:
  • the terminal device sends a PDN connection request to the P-GW.
  • the P-GW receives the PDN connection request from the terminal device.
  • the terminal device may switch voice services to the 4G network in the following two situations:
  • the terminal device successfully switches the voice service to the 4G network; in case 2.2, the terminal device fails to switch the voice service to the 4G network.
  • the P-GW allows the terminal device to establish a PDN connection, the P-GW will further perform the PDN connection establishment process. After the PDN connection establishment process is completed, the terminal device successfully switches the voice service to the 4G network. After that, the terminal equipment conducts voice services on the 4G network.
  • the terminal device determines that switching the voice service to the 4G network fails. the terminal device performs the following S607:
  • the terminal device sends a PDU session establishment request to the SMF.
  • the SMF receives the PDU session establishment request from the terminal device.
  • the terminal device when the terminal device fails to switch the voice service to the 4G network for the first time, the terminal device attempts to switch the voice service to the 5G network. In this way, the terminal device can perform the voice service in the 5G network whose signal quality strength is greater than the handover threshold, thereby ensuring the call quality of the voice service.
  • the terminal device when the signal strengths of the 4G network and the 5G network are both greater than the switching thresholds set for them, the terminal device performs network switching according to the determined priority switching network. Further, when the terminal device fails to switch to one network, it tries to initiate a switch to another network again, which improves the handover success rate of the terminal device, ensures that the terminal device can perform voice services on a network with better signal strength, and improves the terminal device's performance. Voice call quality.
  • the signal strength of the 5G network is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, and the signal strength of the 4G network is less than the third threshold value.
  • the terminal device initiates voice service switching to the 5G network.
  • scenario 2 if the terminal device successfully switches the voice service to the 5G network, the implementation process of the terminal device performing the voice service is the same as that in scenario 1.1 in the above scenario 1, and will not be repeated here.
  • the terminal device may perform the process described in the above situation 1.2.
  • the terminal device if the terminal device fails to switch the voice service to the 5G network, the terminal device keeps the voice service in the WIFI network. This is because, when the signal strength of the 4G network is less than the handover threshold, even if the terminal device switches the voice service to the 4G network, the call quality of the voice service cannot be guaranteed. On the contrary, it will increase the problem of increased call drop probability caused by voice service switching. At this point, the terminal equipment does not need to switch the voice service to the 4G network.
  • the terminal device fails to switch the voice service to the 5G network, whether the terminal device will switch to the 4G network or keep the voice service on the WIFI network can be determined according to actual needs.
  • the application is not limited.
  • the signal strength of the 5G network is less than the second threshold value, and the signal strength of the 4G network is greater than or equal to the third threshold value.
  • the terminal device initiates voice service switching to the 4G network.
  • scenario 3 if the terminal device successfully switches the voice service to the 4G network, the implementation process of the terminal device performing the voice service is the same as that of scenario 2.1 in the above scenario 1, and will not be repeated here.
  • the terminal device may perform the process described in the above situation 2.2.
  • the terminal device can keep the voice service in the WIFI network. This is because, when the signal strength of the 5G network is lower than the handover threshold, even if the terminal device switches the voice service to the 5G network, the call quality of the voice service cannot be guaranteed. On the contrary, it will increase the problem of increased call drop probability caused by voice service switching. At this time, the terminal device does not need to switch the voice service to the 5G network.
  • the terminal device fails to switch the voice service to the 4G network, whether the terminal device will switch to the 5G network or keep the voice service on the WIFI network can be determined according to actual needs.
  • the application is not limited.
  • Scenario 4 The signal strength of the 5G network is less than the second threshold value, and the signal strength of the 4G network is less than the third threshold value.
  • the terminal device keeps the voice service on the WIFI network, and the terminal device does not perform any handover.
  • the terminal device when the terminal device determines to switch the network, it first measures the signal strength of the 5G network and the 4G network. The terminal device preferentially switches the voice service to the network whose signal strength is greater than the switching threshold. Thus, the call quality of the voice service is guaranteed.
  • it further includes: in the case that the establishment of the PDU session fails, or when the establishment of the PDU session is successful but the call quality of the voice service in the 5G network does not meet the preset conditions.
  • the terminal device determines the first time window; within the first time window, the terminal device does not switch the voice service carried on the WIFI network to the 5G network.
  • the terminal device can not switch the voice service to the 5G network for a certain period of time when the 5G network cannot carry the voice service or the call quality of the voice service on the 5G network is poor, so as to avoid the problem that the terminal device fails to switch the voice service. , or to avoid the problem that the call quality of the terminal device is degraded after switching the voice service to the 5G network.
  • it also includes: in the case that the PDN connection fails, or when the PDN connection is successful but the call quality of the voice service on the 4G network is not good.
  • the terminal device determines a second time window; within the second time window, the terminal device does not switch the voice service carried on the WIFI network to the 4G network.
  • the terminal device can not switch the voice service to the 4G network for a certain period of time when the 4G network cannot carry the voice service, or the voice service call quality of the 5G network is poor, so as to avoid the problem that the terminal device fails to switch the voice service. , or avoid the problem that the call quality is degraded after the terminal device switches the voice service to the 4G network.
  • each network element for example, network equipment (such as P-GW, SMF, PCF, etc. on the network side) and terminal equipment, in order to implement the above functions, include hardware structures and software modules corresponding to each function. at least one.
  • network equipment such as P-GW, SMF, PCF, etc. on the network side
  • terminal equipment in order to implement the above functions, include hardware structures and software modules corresponding to each function. at least one.
  • the present application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software with the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein. Whether a function is performed by hardware or computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality using different methods for each particular application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.
  • the network device and the terminal device can be divided into functional units according to the foregoing method examples.
  • each functional unit can be divided corresponding to each function, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may be implemented in the form of software functional units. It should be noted that the division of units in the embodiments of the present application is illustrative, and is only a logical function division, and other division methods may be used in actual implementation.
  • FIG. 7 shows a possible schematic structural diagram of the communication device (referred to as the communication device 70 ) involved in the above embodiment, and the communication device 70 includes a processing unit 701 and a communication unit 702 , and may also include a storage unit 703 .
  • the schematic structural diagram shown in FIG. 7 may be used to illustrate the structures of the network equipment and the terminal equipment involved in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the processing unit 701 is used to control and manage the actions of the terminal equipment, for example, to control the terminal equipment to perform S401 and S401 in FIG. 4 .
  • the processing unit 701 may communicate with other network entities through the communication unit 702, for example, with the SMF or P-GW shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the storage unit 703 is used to store program codes and data of the terminal device.
  • the communication apparatus 70 may be the terminal equipment, or may be a chip in the terminal equipment.
  • the processing unit 701 is used to control and manage the actions of the SMF, for example, control the SMF to execute S401 in FIG. 4 , and in FIG. 5 .
  • the processing unit 701 may communicate with other network entities through the communication unit 702, for example, with the terminal device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the storage unit 703 is used to store program codes and data of the terminal device.
  • the communication device 70 may be an SMF or a chip in the SMF.
  • the processing unit 701 is used to control and manage the actions of the P-GW, for example, to control the P-GW to perform the operations in FIG. 4 .
  • S402 in FIG. 5 S402c in FIG. 5 , S402c , S606 in FIG. 6 , and/or actions performed by the terminal device in other processes described in the embodiments of this application.
  • the processing unit 701 may communicate with other network entities through the communication unit 702, for example, with the terminal device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the storage unit 703 is used to store program codes and data of the terminal device.
  • the communication device 70 may be the P-GW, or may be a chip in the P-GW.
  • the processing unit 701 may be a processor or a controller, and the communication unit 702 may be a communication interface, a transceiver, a transceiver, a transceiver circuit, a transceiver and the like.
  • the communication interface is a general term, which may include one or more interfaces.
  • the storage unit 703 may be a memory.
  • the processing unit 701 may be a processor or a controller, and the communication unit 702 may be an input interface and/or an output interface, a pin or a circuit.
  • the storage unit 703 may be a storage unit in the chip (for example, a register, a cache, etc.), or a storage unit (for example, a read-only memory) located outside the chip in a terminal device, SMF or P-GW.
  • memory referred to as ROM
  • random access memory random access memory, referred to as RAM
  • the communication unit may also be referred to as a transceiver unit.
  • the antenna and control circuit with the transceiver function in the communication device 70 may be regarded as the communication unit 702 of the communication device 70
  • the processor with the processing function may be regarded as the processing unit 701 of the communication device 70 .
  • the device in the communication unit 702 for implementing the receiving function may be regarded as a receiving unit, the receiving unit is used to perform the receiving steps in the embodiments of the present application, and the receiving unit may be a receiver, a receiver, a receiving circuit, or the like.
  • the integrated units in FIG. 7 may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as independent products.
  • the medium includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • Storage media for storing computer software products include: U disk, removable hard disk, read-only memory, random access memory, magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.
  • the units in FIG. 7 may also be referred to as modules, eg, a processing unit may be referred to as a processing module.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a communication device (referred to as communication device 80 ).
  • the communication device 80 includes a processor 801 , and optionally, also includes a connection with the processor 801 memory 802.
  • the communication device 80 further includes a transceiver 803 .
  • the processor 801, the memory 802 and the transceiver 803 are connected by a bus.
  • the transceiver 803 is used to communicate with other devices or communication networks.
  • the transceiver 803 may include a transmitter and a receiver.
  • a device in the transceiver 803 for implementing the receiving function may be regarded as a receiver, and the receiver is configured to perform the receiving steps in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the device in the transceiver 803 for implementing the sending function may be regarded as a transmitter, and the transmitter is used to perform the sending step in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 may be used to illustrate the structure of the network device or terminal device involved in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the processor 801 is used to control and manage the actions of the terminal equipment, for example, the processor 801 is used to support the terminal equipment to execute the diagram S401 and S402 in 4, S401, S402a, S402b, S402c in FIG. 5, S601-S607, S S401, S402a, S402b, S402c in FIG. 6, and/or other processes described in the embodiments of the present application
  • the processor 801 may communicate with other network entities, eg, with the network devices shown in FIG. 1 , through the transceiver 803 .
  • the memory 802 is used to store program codes and data of the terminal device.
  • the processor 801 is used to control and manage the actions of the SMF, for example, the processor 801 is used to support the SMF to execute the SMF in FIG. 4 S401, S401 and S402a in FIG. 5, S401, S402a, S607 in FIG. 6, and/or actions performed by the SMF in other processes described in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the processor 801 may communicate with other network entities through the transceiver 803, for example, with the terminal device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • Memory 802 is used to store program codes and data for the SMF.
  • the processor 801 is used to control and manage the actions of the P-GW, for example, the processor 801 is used to support the P-GW
  • the GW performs S402 in FIG. 4 , S402c in FIG. 5 , S402c and S606 in FIG. 6 , and/or actions performed by the P-GW in other processes described in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the processor 801 may communicate with other network entities through the transceiver 803, for example, with the terminal device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the memory 802 is used to store program codes and data of the P-GW.
  • the processor 801 includes a logic circuit and at least one of an input interface and an output interface. Wherein, the output interface is used for executing the sending action in the corresponding method, and the input interface is used for executing the receiving action in the corresponding method.
  • FIG. 9 the schematic structural diagram shown in FIG. 9 may be used to illustrate the structure of the network device or terminal device involved in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the processor 801 is used to control and manage the actions of the terminal device, for example, the processor 801 is used to support the terminal device to execute the diagram S401 and S402 in 4, S401, S402a, S402b, S402c in FIG. 5, S601-S607, S S401, S402a, S402b, S402c in FIG. 6, and/or other processes described in the embodiments of the present application
  • the processor 801 may communicate with other network entities, eg, with the network device shown in FIG. 1 , through at least one of an input interface and an output interface.
  • the memory 802 is used to store program codes and data of the terminal device.
  • the processor 801 is used to control and manage the actions of the SMF.
  • the processor 801 is used to support the SMF to execute the SMF in FIG. 4 .
  • the processor 801 may communicate with other network entities, eg, with the terminal device shown in FIG. 1 , through at least one of the input interface and the output interface.
  • Memory 802 is used to store program codes and data for the SMF.
  • FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 can also illustrate the system chip in the SMF.
  • the actions performed by the above-mentioned SMF may be implemented by the system chip, and the specific actions performed can refer to the above, and details are not described herein again.
  • 8 and 9 may also illustrate a system chip in a terminal device.
  • the actions performed by the above-mentioned terminal device may be implemented by the system chip, and the specific actions performed may refer to the above, which will not be repeated here.
  • the processor 801 is used to control and manage the actions of the P-GW, for example, the processor 801 is used to support the P-GW
  • the GW performs S402 in FIG. 4 , S402c in FIG. 5 , S402c and S606 in FIG. 6 , and/or actions performed by the P-GW in other processes described in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the processor 801 may communicate with other network entities, eg, with the terminal device shown in FIG. 1 , through at least one of the input interface and the output interface.
  • the memory 802 is used to store program codes and data of the P-GW.
  • FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 may also illustrate the system chip in the P-GW.
  • the actions performed by the above-mentioned P-GW may be implemented by the system chip, and the specific actions performed can refer to the above, and details are not repeated here.
  • 8 and 9 may also illustrate a system chip in a terminal device.
  • the actions performed by the above-mentioned terminal device may be implemented by the system chip, and the specific actions performed may refer to the above, which will not be repeated here.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a terminal device (referred to as a terminal device 100 ), for details, please refer to FIG. 10 respectively.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the terminal device 100 .
  • the terminal device 100 includes a processor, a memory, a control circuit, an antenna, and an input and output device.
  • the processor is mainly used to process communication protocols and communication data, and to control the entire terminal device, execute software programs, and process data of software programs, for example, to control the terminal device to execute S401 and S402 in FIG. S401, S402a, S402b, S402c, S601-S607, S S401, S402a, S402b, S402c in FIG. 6, and/or actions performed by the terminal device in other processes described in the embodiments of this application.
  • the memory is mainly used to store software programs and data.
  • the control circuit also referred to as a radio frequency circuit
  • the control circuit is mainly used for the conversion of the baseband signal and the radio frequency signal and the processing of the radio frequency signal.
  • the control circuit together with the antenna can also be called a transceiver, which is mainly used to send and receive radio frequency signals in the form of electromagnetic waves.
  • Input and output devices such as touch screens, display screens, and keyboards, are mainly used to receive data input by users and output data to users.
  • the processor can read the software program in the memory, interpret and execute the instructions of the software program, and process the data of the software program.
  • the processor performs baseband processing on the data to be sent, and outputs the baseband signal to the control circuit in the control circuit.
  • the control circuit performs radio frequency processing on the baseband signal and sends the radio frequency signal through the antenna in the form of electromagnetic waves. send.
  • the control circuit receives the radio frequency signal through the antenna, converts the radio frequency signal into a baseband signal, and outputs the baseband signal to the processor, which converts the baseband signal into data and processes the data.
  • FIG. 10 only shows one memory and a processor. In an actual terminal device, there may be multiple processors and memories.
  • the memory may also be referred to as a storage medium or a storage device, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the processor may include a baseband processor and a central processing unit.
  • the baseband processor is mainly used to process communication protocols and communication data
  • the central processing unit is mainly used to control the entire terminal device, execute A software program that processes data from the software program.
  • the processor in FIG. 10 integrates the functions of the baseband processor and the central processing unit.
  • the baseband processor and the central processing unit may also be independent processors, interconnected by technologies such as a bus.
  • a terminal device may include multiple baseband processors to adapt to different network standards, a terminal device may include multiple central processors to enhance its processing capability, and various components of the terminal device may be connected through various buses.
  • the baseband processor can also be expressed as a baseband processing circuit or a baseband processing chip.
  • the central processing unit can also be expressed as a central processing circuit or a central processing chip.
  • the function of processing the communication protocol and communication data may be built in the processor, or may be stored in the memory in the form of a software program, and the processor executes the software program to realize the baseband processing function.
  • each step in the method provided in this embodiment may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in a processor or an instruction in the form of software.
  • the steps of the methods disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application may be directly embodied as executed by a hardware processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
  • the processor in this application may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller (MCU), or Artificial intelligence processors and other types of computing devices that run software, each computing device may include one or more cores for executing software instructions to perform operations or processing.
  • the processor can be a separate semiconductor chip, or can be integrated with other circuits into a semiconductor chip. For example, it can form a SoC (on-chip) with other circuits (such as codec circuits, hardware acceleration circuits, or various bus and interface circuits).
  • the processor may further include necessary hardware accelerators, such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices) , or a logic circuit that implements dedicated logic operations.
  • FPGA field programmable gate arrays
  • PLD Programmable Logic Devices
  • the memory in this embodiment of the present application may include at least one of the following types: read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, random access memory (random access memory) , RAM) or other types of dynamic storage devices that can store information and instructions, and can also be Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM).
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • the memory may also be compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compact disc, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc, Blu-ray disc, etc.) , a magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer, without limitation.
  • Embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, including instructions, which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to execute any of the foregoing methods.
  • Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product containing instructions, which, when run on a computer, enables the computer to execute any of the above methods.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a communication system, including: the above-mentioned network device and terminal device.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a chip, the chip includes a processor and an interface circuit, the interface circuit is coupled to the processor, the processor is used to run a computer program or instructions to implement the above method, and the interface circuit is used to connect with the processor. communicate with other modules outside the chip.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer may be a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, computer network, or other programmable device.
  • Computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website site, computer, server, or data center over a wire (e.g.
  • Coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless means to transmit to another website site, computer, server or data center.
  • Computer-readable storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer or data storage devices including one or more servers, data centers, etc., that can be integrated with the media.
  • Useful media may be magnetic media (eg, floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), optical media (eg, DVD), or semiconductor media (eg, solid state disk (SSD)), and the like.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种通信方法及装置，涉及通信技术领域，用于提高终端设备的语音通话质量。在该方法中，在终端设备正在进行VOWIFI语音业务时，可以将VOWIFI语音业务切换到5G网络，以保证VOWIFI语音业务的通话质量。在终端设备将VOWIFI语音业务切换到5G网络失败的情况下，终端设备重新向4G网络发起切换，以将VOWIFI语音业务切换到4G网络，避免终端设备在将VOWIFI语音业务切换到5G网络失败的情况下重新回到WIFI网络进行语音业务，影响语音业务的通话质量。

Description

通信方法及装置 技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种通信方法及装置。
背景技术
终端设备可以在无线保真(wireless fidelity，WIFI)上进行语音业务的传输，当WIFI网络信号强度变低时，终端设备可以切换到第四代(4th Generation，4G)网络或第五代(5th Generation，5G)网络上继续进行语音通话，以保证语音通话的通话质量。
当前在4G网络和5G网络同时覆盖的场景下，终端设备会优先向5G网络发起语音业务切换。在向5G网络切换语音业务失败的情况下，终端设备将语音业务继续保持在信号强度低的WIFI网络中继续进行，从而导致语音业务的通话质量下降。
发明内容
本申请提供一种通信方法及装置，解决了现有技术中终端设备在进行WIFI语音通话(voice over WIFI，VOWIFI)语音业务时，向5G网络切换语音业务失败导致终端设备语音通话质量差的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，提供一种通信方法，包括：
终端设备向会话管理功能(session management function，SMF)实体发送协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)会话建立请求；PDU会话建立请求用于将当前承载在WIFI网络的语音业务切换到5G网络。
在PDU会话建立失败的情况下，终端设备向分组数据网网关(packet data network gateway，P-GW)发送分组数据网(packet data network，PDN)连接请求；PDN连接请求用于将语音业务切换到4G网络。
基于上述技术方案，本申请实施例提供的通信方法，在终端设备正在进行VOWIFI语音业务时，可以将VOWIFI语音业务切换到5G网络，以保证VOWIFI语音业务的通话质量。在终端设备将VOWIFI语音业务切换到5G网络失败的情况下，终端设备重新向4G网络发起切换，以将VOWIFI语音业务切换到4G网络，避免终端设备在将VOWIFI语音业务切换到5G网络失败的情况下重新回到WIFI网络进行语音业务，影响语音业务的通话质量。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，PDU会话建立失败包括：
终端设备接收来自SMF的第一响应；第一响应用于指示PDU会话建立失败。
基于此，终端设备可以根据第一响应确定PDU会话建立失败。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备向SMF发送PDU会话建立请求的条件包括：WIFI网络的信号强度小于第一门限值，以及5G网络的信号强度大于或等于第二门限值。
基于此，终端设备在WIFI网络的信号强度小，5G网络的信号强度大的情况下，选择将语音业务切换到5G网络。从而使语音业务在信号强度大的网络上进行，从而提高语音业务的通话质量。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一门限值根据终端设备的移动速度，终端设备的运动方向确定。
基于此，终端设备可以动态确定WIFI网络的切出门限，在终端设备快速远离WIFI网络的覆盖范围的情况下，终端设备可以提高WIFI网络的切出门限，以提前将语音业务切出，避免终端设备快速离开WIFI网络覆盖范围之后，终端设备不能及时切出语音业务而导致语音通话质量降低。
在终端设备接近WIFI网络的覆盖范围，或者终端设备正在慢速移动的情况下，终端设备可以降低WIFI网络的切出门限，在保证语音业务通话质量的情况下，使语音业务尽量保持在网络成本较低的WIFI网络内。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备向SMF发送PDU会话建立请求的条件还包括以下任一项：4G网络的信号强度小于第三门限值；或者，4G网络的信号强度大于或等于第三门限值，且终端设备确定的切换网络为5G网络。
基于此，终端设备在4G网络信号强度小，或者4G信号强度大，但是终端设备需要优先切换到5G网络的情况下终端设备向5G网络发起语音业务切换，可以使终端设备在网络服务质量更好的5G网络上进行语音业务，从而提高用户的通话体验。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，切换网络通过第一指示信息指示。
基于此，终端设备可以根据第一指示信息，确定切换网络。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一指示信息为策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF)向终端设备发送的指示信息。
基于此，网络侧的PCF可以通过第一指示信息，为终端设备选择优先切换的网络。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一指示信息为终端设备检测到的输入信息。
基于此，用户可以通过终端设备的输入设备输入第一指示信息指示优先切换的网络，提高用户选择的灵活性。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第二门限值和第三门限值预先设置在终端设备中。
基于此，终端设备可以根据预先设置的信息，确定第二门限值和第三门限值。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备具有用户识别模块(subscriber identity module，SIM)卡，第二门限值和第三门限值预先设置在SIM卡中。
基于此，终端设备可以根据SIM卡的卡文件，确定第二门限值和第三门限值。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第二门限值和第三门限值由PCF通过第二指示信息指示。
基于此，终端设备可以根据第二指示信息，确定第二门限值和第三门限值。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，还包括：在PDU会话建立失败的情况下，或在PDU会话建立成功但语音业务在5G网络的通话质量不满足预设条件的 情况下，终端设备确定第一时间窗；在第一时间窗内，终端设备不向5G网络切换承载在WIFI网络的语音业务。
基于此，终端设备可以在5G网络无法承载语音业务，或者5G网络的语音业务通话质量较差的情况下，在一定时长内不向5G网络切换语音业务，避免终端设备将语音业务切换失败的问题，或者避免终端设备在将语音业务切换到5G网络后通话质量下降的问题。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，还包括：在PDN连接失败的情况下，或在PDN连接成功但语音业务在4G网络的通话质量不满足预设条件的情况下，终端设备确定第二时间窗；在第二时间窗内，终端设备不向4G网络切换承载在WIFI网络的语音业务。
基于此，终端设备可以在4G网络无法承载语音业务，或者5G网络的语音业务通话质量较差的情况下，在一定时长内不向4G网络切换语音业务，避免终端设备将语音业务切换失败的问题，或者避免终端设备在将语音业务切换到4G网络后通话质量下降的问题。
第二方面，提供一种通信装置，包括：处理单元和通信单元。
处理单元，用于指示通信单元向SMF发送PDU会话建立请求；PDU会话建立请求用于将当前承载在WIFI网络的语音业务切换到5G网络。
处理单元，还用于在PDU会话建立失败的情况下，指示通信单元向P-GW发送PDN连接请求；PDN连接请求用于将语音业务切换到4G网络。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，处理单元，还用于：
在通信单元接收来自SMF的第一响应的情况下，确定PDU会话建立失败；第一响应用于指示PDU会话建立失败。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，处理单元指示通信单元向SMF发送PDU会话建立请求的条件包括：WIFI网络的信号小于第一门限值，以及5G网络的信号强度大于或等于第二门限值。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一门限值根据通信装置的移动速度，通信装置的运动方向确定。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，处理单元指示通信单元向SMF发送PDU会话建立请求的条件还包括以下任一项：4G网络的信号强度小于第三门限值；或者，4G网络的信号强度大于或等于第三门限值，且通信装置确定的切换网络为5G网络。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，切换网络通过第一指示信息指示。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一指示信息为策略控制功能PCF向通信装置发送的指示信息。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一指示信息为通信装置检测到的输入信息。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第二门限值和第三门限值预先设置在通信装置中。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，通信装置具有SIM卡，第二门限 值和第三门限值预先设置在SIM卡中。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第二门限值和第三门限值由PCF通过第二指示信息指示。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，处理单元，还用于：
在PDU会话建立失败的情况下，或在PDU会话建立成功但语音业务在5G网络的通话质量不满足预设条件的情况下，设置第一定时器；第一定时器用于指示通信装置在第一定时器的运行时，不向5G网络切换承载在WIFI网络的语音业务。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，处理单元，还用于：在PDN连接失败的情况下，或在PDN连接成功但语音业务在4G网络的通话质量不满足预设条件的情况下，设置第二定时器；第二定时器用于指示通信装置在第二定时器的运行时长内，不向4G网络切换承载在WIFI网络的语音业务。
第三方面，提供一种通信方法，包括：
终端设备对正在进行的语音业务进行第一切换；其中，语音业务当前承载在WIFI网络；第一切换用于将语音业务切换至第一网络。
终端设备在第一切换失败的情况下进行第二切换；第二切换用于将语音业务切换至第二网络；其中，第一网络、第二网络、以及WIFI网络的网络类型不同。
结合上述第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一网络为5G网络。
结合上述第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第二网络为4G网络。
结合上述第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一切换为终端设备向SMF发送PDU会话建立请求。
结合上述第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一切换失败包括：
终端设备接收来自SMF的第一响应；第一响应用于指示PDU会话建立失败。
结合上述第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第二切换为终端设备向P-GW发送PDN连接请求。
结合上述第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备进行第一切换的条件包括：WIFI网络的信号小于第一门限值，以及第一网络的信号强度大于或等于第二门限值。
结合上述第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一门限值根据终端设备的移动速度，终端设备的运动方向确定。
结合上述第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备进行第一切换的条件还包括以下任一项：第二网络的信号强度小于第三门限值；或者，第二网络的信号强度大于或等于第三门限值，且终端设备确定的切换网络为第一网络。
结合上述第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，切换网络通过第一指示信息指示。
结合上述第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一指示信息为策略控制功能PCF向终端设备发送的指示信息。
结合上述第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一指示信息为终端设备检测到的输入信息。
结合上述第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第二门限值和第三门限值预先设置在终端设备中。
结合上述第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备具有SIM卡，第二门限值和第三门限值预先设置在SIM卡中。
结合上述第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第二门限值和第三门限值由PCF通过第二指示信息指示。
结合上述第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，还包括：
在第一切换失败的情况下，或在第一切换成功但语音业务在5G网络的通话质量不满足预设条件的情况下，终端设备设置第三定时器；第三定时器用于指示终端设备在第三定时器的运行时，不向5G网络切换承载在WIFI网络的语音业务。
结合上述第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，还包括：
在第二切换失败的情况下，或在第二切换成功但语音业务在4G网络的通话质量不满足预设条件的情况下，终端设备设置第四定时器；第四定时器用于指示终端设备在第四定时器的运行时长内，不向4G网络切换承载在WIFI网络的语音业务。
第四方面，提供一种通信装置，包括：处理单元。
处理单元，用于对正在进行的语音业务进行第一切换；其中，语音业务当前承载在无线保真WIFI网络；第一切换用于将语音业务切换至第一网络。
处理单元，还用于在第一切换失败的情况下进行第二切换；第二切换用于将语音业务切换至第二网络；其中，第一网络、第二网络、以及WIFI网络的网络类型不同。
结合上述第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一网络为5G网络。
结合上述第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第二网络为4G网络。
结合上述第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，该通信装置还包括：通信单元。
第一切换为处理单元指示通信单元向SMF PDU会话建立请求。
结合上述第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，处理单元，还用于：
在通信单元接收到来自SMF的第一响应之后，确定第一切换失败；第一响应用于指示PDU会话建立失败。
结合上述第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第二切换为处理单元指示通信单元向P-GW发送PDN连接请求。
结合上述第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，处理单元进行第一切换的条件包括：WIFI网络的信号小于第一门限值，以及第一网络的信号强度大于或等于第二门限值。
结合上述第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一门限值根据通信装置的移动速度，通信装置的运动方向确定。
结合上述第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，处理单元进行第一切换的条件还包括以下任一项：第二网络的信号强度小于第三门限值；或者，第二网络的信号强度大于或等于第三门限值，且处理单元确定的切换网络为第一网络。
结合上述第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，切换网络通过第一指示信息指示。
结合上述第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一指示信息为策略控制功能PCF向通信装置发送的指示信息。
结合上述第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一指示信息为通信装置检测到的输入信息。
结合上述第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第二门限值和第三门限值预先设置在通信装置中。
结合上述第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，通信装置具有SIM卡，第二门限值和第三门限值预先设置在SIM卡中。
结合上述第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第二门限值和第三门限值由PCF通过第二指示信息指示。
结合上述第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，在第一切换失败的情况下，或在第一切换成功但语音业务在5G网络的通话质量不满足预设条件的情况下，设置第三定时器；第三定时器用于指示通信装置在第三定时器的运行时，不向5G网络切换承载在WIFI网络的语音业务。
结合上述第四方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，处理单元，还用于：在第二切换失败的情况下，或在第二切换成功但语音业务在4G网络的通话质量不满足预设条件的情况下，设置第四定时器；第四定时器用于指示通信装置在第四定时器的运行时长内，不向4G网络切换承载在WIFI网络的语音业务。
第五方面，本申请提供了一种通信装置，包括：处理器和存储介质；至少一个处理器和接口电路，接口电路用于接收来自通信装置之外的其它通信装置的信号并传输至处理器或将来自处理器的信号发送给通信装置之外的其它通信装置，处理器通过逻辑电路或执行代码指令用于实现如第一方面和第一方面的任一种可能的实现方式中所描述的方法。该通信装置可以是终端设备，也可以是终端设备中的芯片。
第六方面，本申请提供了一种通信装置，包括：处理器和存储介质；至少一个处理器和接口电路，接口电路用于接收来自通信装置之外的其它通信装置的信号并传输至处理器或将来自处理器的信号发送给通信装置之外的其它通信装置，处理器通过逻辑电路或执行代码指令用于实现如第三方面和第三方面的任一种可能的实现方式中所描述的方法。该通信装置可以是终端设备，也可以是终端设备中的芯片。
第七方面，本申请提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，当该指令在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如第一方面和第一方面的任一种可能的实现方式中所描述的方法。
第八方面，本申请提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，当该指令在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如第三方面和第三方面的任一种可能的实现方式中所描述的方法。
第九方面，本申请提供一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当该计算机程序产品在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如第一方面和第一方面的任一种可能的实现方式中所描述的方法。
第十方面，本申请提供一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当该计算机程序产品在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如第三方面和第三方面的任一种可能的实现方式中所描述的方法。
应当理解的是，本申请中对技术特征、技术方案、有益效果或类似语言的描述并不是暗示在任意的单个实施例中可以实现所有的特点和优点。相反，可以理解的是对于特征或有益效果的描述意味着在至少一个实施例中包括特定的技术特征、技术方案 或有益效果。因此，本说明书中对于技术特征、技术方案或有益效果的描述并不一定是指相同的实施例。进而，还可以任何适当的方式组合本实施例中所描述的技术特征、技术方案和有益效果。本领域技术人员将会理解，无需特定实施例的一个或多个特定的技术特征、技术方案或有益效果即可实现实施例。在其他实施例中，还可在没有体现所有实施例的特定实施例中识别出额外的技术特征和有益效果。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种5G系统的网络架构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种EPC/ePDG系统的网络架构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种5GC/N3IWF系统的网络架构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种通信方法的流程示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的另一种通信方法的流程示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的另一种通信方法的流程示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的硬件结构示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的又一种通信装置的硬件结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种终端设备的硬件结构示意图。
具体实施方式
在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“/”表示“或”的意思，例如，A/B可以表示A或B。本文中的“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。此外，“至少一个”是指一个或多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“第一”、“第二”等字样并不对数量和执行次序进行限定，并且“第一”、“第二”等字样也并不限定一定不同。
需要说明的是，本申请中，“示例性的”或者“例如”等词用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本申请中被描述为“示例性的”或者“例如”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其他实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。确切而言，使用“示例性的”或者“例如”等词旨在以具体方式呈现相关概念。
本申请可以应用于4G系统、基于4G系统演进的各种系统、5G系统、基于5G系统演进的各种系统中。其中，4G系统也可以称为演进分组系统(evolved packet system，EPS)。4G系统的核心网可以称为演进分组核心网(evolved packet core，EPC)，接入网可以称为长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)。5G系统的核心网可以称为5GC(5G core)，接入网可以称为新无线(new radio，NR)。为了方便描述，下文中以本申请应用于5G系统为例对本申请作示例性说明，但是可以理解的是，本申请同样适用于4G系统，第三代(3th Generation，3G)系统等，不作限制。
图1示例性的示出了5G系统的一种网络架构示意图。在该示意图中，5G系统可以包括：鉴权服务器功能(authentication server function，AUSF)网元、接入和移动管理功能(core access and mobility management function，AMF)网元、数据网络(data network，DN)、统一数据管理(unified data management，UDM)网元、PCF网元、无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)网元、用户面功能(user plane function，UPF) 网元、终端设备(terminal)、应用功能(application function，AF)网元、SMF网元。
需要说明的是，图1中的RAN网元、AMF网元、SMF网元、AUSF网元、UDM网元、UPF网元和PCF网元等仅是一个名字，名字对网元本身不构成限定。在5G网络以及未来其它的网络中，这些网元所对应的实体或设备也可以是其他的名字，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。例如，UDM网元还有可能被替换为用户归属服务器(home subscriber server，HSS)或者用户签约数据库(user subscription database，USD)或者数据库网元，等等，在此进行统一说明，以下不再赘述。
为方便描述，在下文中将RAN网元、AMF网元、SMF网元、UDM网元、UPF网元、PCF网元等分别通过RAN、AMF、SMF、UDM、UPF、PCF等指代。
图1中展示了网元之间的交互关系以及对应的接口，例如，终端设备和AMF之间可以通过N1接口进行交互，交互消息称为N1消息。部分接口采用服务化接口的方式实现。
图1中部分网元的功能如下：
PCF，具备向控制面网元提供策略规则等功能。
UDM，具备管理用户的签约数据，生成用户的认证信息等功能。
AF，可以是应用服务器，其可以属于运营商，也可以属于第三方。主要支持与第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)核心网交互来提供服务，例如，影响数据路由决策，策略控制功能或者向网络侧提供第三方的一些服务。
AMF，也可以称为接入管理设备，主要负责信令处理部分，例如，终端设备的注册管理、终端设备的连接管理、终端设备的可达性管理、终端设备的接入授权和接入鉴权、终端设备的安全功能，终端设备的移动性管理，网络切片(network slice)选择，SMF选择，终端设备的附着与去附着等功能。AMF作为N1信令和N2信令连接的锚点并为SMF提供N1/N2接口会话管理(session management，SM)消息的路由；维护和管理终端设备的状态信息。AMF网元为终端设备中的会话提供服务的情况下，会为该会话提供控制面的存储资源，以存储会话上下文，例如，会话标识、与会话标识关联的SMF的标识等。
SMF，主要负责终端设备会话管理的所有控制面功能，包括UPF的选择、控制以及重定向，互联网协议(internet protocol，IP)地址分配及管理，会话的服务质量(Quality of Service，QoS)管理，从PCF获取策略与计费控制(policy and charging control，PCC)策略，承载的建立、修改和释放以及QoS控制等。SMF还作为非接入层(non-access stratum，NAS)消息中SM部分的终结点。
UPF，作为协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)会话连接的锚定点，负责对终端设备的数据报文过滤、数据传输/转发(例如，从DN接收数据，并通过接入网设备传输给终端设备，或者，通过接入网设备从终端设备接收数据，并发送给DN)、速率控制、生成计费信息、用户面QoS处理、上行传输认证、传输等级验证、下行数据包缓存及下行数据通知触发等。UPF还可以作为多宿主(multi-homed)PDU会话的分支点。UPF中为终端设备提供服务的传输资源和调度功能由SMF进行管理控制。
RAN(也可以称为下一代无线接入网(next generation radio access network，NG-RAN))，由多个接入网设备(也可以称为接入网网元或网络设备或RAN节点) 组成的网络，实现无线物理层功能、资源调度和无线资源管理、无线接入控制以及移动性管理功能，服务质量管理，数据压缩和加密等功能。本申请实施例中的接入网设备是指无线接入网设备。接入网设备通过用户面接口N3和UPF相连，用于传送终端设备的数据。接入网设备通过控制面接口N2和AMF建立控制面信令连接，用于实现无线接入承载控制等功能。接入网设备是终端设备通过无线方式接入到移动通信系统中的接入设备，可以是基站(base station)、演进型基站(evolved NodeB，eNodeB)、发送接收点(transmission reception point，TRP)、下一代基站(next generation NodeB，gNB)、未来移动通信系统中的基站或无线保真(wireless fidelity，WiFi)系统中的接入节点等。本申请中的接入网设备可以是一个完整的实体，还可以是集中式单元(centralized unit，CU)和分布式单元(distributed unit，DU)分离的形态。多个DU可以由一个CU集中控制。CU和DU的逻辑功能可以部署在单一物理实体中，也可以部署在不同的物理实体上。
终端设备可以是无线终端设备也可以是有线终端设备。无线终端设备可以是指向用户提供语音和/或数据连通性的设备，具有无线连接功能的手持式设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其他处理设备。终端设备与接入网设备之间采用某种空口技术(例如，NR技术或LTE技术)相互通信。终端设备与终端设备之间也可以采用某种空口技术(例如，NR技术或LTE技术)相互通信。无线终端设备可以经接入网设备与一个或多个核心网设备通信，如与AMF、SMF等进行通信。终端设备可以是移动终端设备，如移动电话(或称为“蜂窝”电话)、智能电话、卫星无线设备、工业控制中的无线终端设备、无人驾驶中的无线终端设备、远程手术中的无线终端设备、智能电网中的无线终端设备、运输安全中的无线终端设备、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端设备、智慧家庭中的无线终端设备、无线调制解调器卡以及具有移动终端设备的计算机(例如，可以是膝上型、便携式、袖珍式、手持式、计算机内置的或者车载的移动装置)，它们与接入网设备交换语音和/或数据。示例性的，无线终端设备可以为个人通信业务(personal communication service，PCS)电话、手机、平板电脑、带无线收发功能的电脑、AR终端设备、VR终端设备、MR终端设备、XR终端设备、无绳电话、会话发起协议(session initiation protocol，SIP)话机、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、机器类型通信终端设备等设备。在车联网通信中，车辆上装载的通信设备是一种终端设备，路边单元(road side unit，RSU)也可以作为一种终端设备。无人机上装载的通信设备，也可以看做是一种终端设备。终端设备也可以称为用户设备(user equipment，UE)、终端、移动终端(mobile terminal，MT)、订户单元(subscriber unit)、订户站，移动站、移动台、远程站、接入点、接入终端、用户终端、用户代理等。
可以理解的是，除图1所示功能网元之外，5G网络的网络架构还可以包括其他功能网元。在本申请实施例中，网元也可以称为实体或设备等。
图1中的终端设备、RAN、UPF和DN一般被称为用户面网元，用户的数据流量可以通过终端设备和DN之间建立的PDU会话进行传输，传输会经过RAN和UPF这两个网元。其中，用户面用于承载业务数据。图1中的其他网元则被称为控制面网元，主要负责认证和鉴权、注册管理、会话管理、移动性管理以及策略控制等功能，从而 实现用户层流量可靠稳定的传输。其中，控制面用于承载信令消息。
以上，对本申请的应用场景进行了简单介绍。
以下，对VOWIFI语音业务进行说明：
VOWIFI语音业务指的是终端设备在WIFI网络上进行电话语音业务的一种通话方案。VOWIFI具有通话费用低，能够覆盖室内，地下室等移动网络难以覆盖到的场景等优点，对3GPP语音业务起到了很好的补充作用。
例如，在室内4G网络和5G网络覆盖较差的情况下，终端设备可以通过室内的WIFI进行语音通话，提高用户的通话体验。
VOWIFI语音业务可以承载在EPC/ePDG系统中(记为情况Ⅰ)。或者，VOWIFI语音业务可以承载在5GC/N3IWF系统中(记为情况Ⅱ)。
以下分别对情况Ⅰ和情况Ⅱ进行说明：
情况Ⅰ、VOWIFI语音业务承载在EPC/ePDG系统中。
其中，EPC/ePDG系统指的是终端设备、演进型分组数据网关(evolevd packet data gateway，ePDG)以及LTE核心网EPC组成的通信系统。在该系统中，终端设备通过ePDG接入到EPC。
需要指出的是，在情况Ⅰ中，终端设备进行VOWIFI语音业务，与终端设备进行LTE语音业务(voice over LTE，VOLTE)相似。区别在于：
在终端设备进行VOWIFI语音业务时，终端设备通过WIFI网络向ePDG发送VOWIFI语音业务数据。ePDG在接收到该VOWIFI语音业务数据之后，向EPC发送VOWIFI语音业务数据。
在终端设备进行VOLTE语音业务时，终端设备通过终端设备与接入网设备(例如eNodeB)之间的无线通信链路向接入网设备发送VOLTE语音业务数据。接入网设备在接收到VOLTE语音业务数据之后，向EPC发送VOLTE语音业务数据。
也即是说，在VOWIFI语音业务中，终端设备通过WIFI网络以及ePDG向EPC发送语音业务数据。
在VOLTE语音业务中，终端设备通过LTE接入网向EPC发送语音业务数据。
图2示例性的示出了EPC/ePDG系统的一种网络架构示意图。在该示意图中，EPC/ePDG系统可以包括：终端设备、ePDG、3GPP验证授权和记账(authentication authorization and accounting，AAA)服务器、P-GW、服务网关(serving gateway，S-GW)、策略与计费规则功能单元(policy and charging rules function，PCRF)、归属签约用户服务器(home subscriber server，HSS)。
图2中示出了网元之间的交互关系以及对应的接口，例如，终端设备和ePDG之间可以通过SWu接口进行交互，ePDG和P-GW之间采用S2b接口交互，P-GW和S-GW之间通过S5接口交互。其他网元之间的接口可以参照图2，本申请对此不在赘述。
图2中部分网元的功能如下：
ePDG，用于与AAA网元(也称为3GPP AAA服务器)通过SWm接口交互，完成对用户的扩展认证协议认证和密钥协商(extensible authentication protocol authentication and key agreement，EAPAKA)认证；与P-GW通过S2b接口交互，向PGW转发用户的业务数据流；与 IP多媒体子系统(IP multimedia subsystem，IMS)域中的代理呼叫会话控制功能(proxy-call session control function，P-CSCF)通过Gxb接口交互，用于实现P-CSCF的发现，以及建立业务承载和QoS映射。
3GPP AAA服务器，也称为3GPP AAA Server，用于完成用户的EAPAKA认证。3GPP AAA服务器与P-GW通过S6b接口交互，用于完成用户所在PGW IP地址和接入点名(Access Point Name，APN)到HSS的注册登记进一步使得HSS保存用户接入的PGW IP地址。
P-GW主要用于：分组路由和转发；3GPP和非3GPP网络间的Anchor功能(HA功能)；终端设备的IP地址分配，接入外部PDN网关的功能。
S-GW，分组路由和转发功能；IP头压缩；IDLE态终结点；下行数据缓存；E-NodeB间切换的锚点；路由优化。
PCRF，为每个用户定义不同业务的收费规则；以及为不同承载业务提供不同的QOS。
HSS，用于存储LTE/SAE网络中所有与业务相关的数据。
情况Ⅱ、VOWIFI语音业务承载在5GC/N3IWF系统中。
其中，5GC/N3IWF系统指的是终端设备、非3GPP交互功能单元(Non-3GPP inter working function，N3IWF)、以及5G核心网5GC组成的通信系统。在该系统中，终端设备通过N3IWF接入到5GC。
需要指出的是，在情况Ⅱ中，终端设备进行VOWIFI语音业务与终端设备进行NR语音业务(voice over NR，VONR)相似，区别在于：
在终端设备进行VOWIFI语音业务时，终端设备通过WIFI网络向N3IWF发送VOWIFI语音业务数据。N3IWF在接收到该VOWIFI语音业务数据之后，向5GC发送VOWIFI语音业务数据。
在终端设备进行VONR语音业务时，终端设备通过终端设备与接入网设备(例如gNB)之间的无线通信链路向接入网设备发送VONR语音业务数据。接入网设备在接收到VONR语音业务数据之后，向5GC发送VONR语音业务数据。
也即是说，在VOWIFI语音业务中，终端设备通过WIFI网络以及N3IWF向5GC发送语音业务数据。
在VONR语音业务中，终端设备通过5G接入网向5GC发送语音业务数据。
图3示例性示出了5GC/N3IWF系统的一种网络架构示意图。在该示意图中，5GC/N3IWF系统可以包括：终端设备、N3IWF、AUSF、AMF、DN、UDM、PCF、UPF、AF、SMF。
其中，N3IWF作为终端设备通过不可信的非3GPP网络接入到5G核心网的网元，主要用于：支持建立终端设备的互联网安全协议(internet protocol security，IPsec)隧道，终止用户面和控制面到5G核心网的N2接口和N3接口，中继传输终端设备和AMF之间的控制面的NAS信令，处理来自SMF的与QoS有关的N2信令，建立IPsec安全关联支持PDU会话业务，在终端设备和UPF之间中继上行链路和下行链路的用户面分组等功能。
需要指出的是，AUSF、AMF、DN、UDM、PCF、RAN、UPF、AF、SMF等网元 的功能可以参照上述图1中的记载，此处不再赘述。
以上，对VOWIFI语音业务进行了简单介绍。
在现有技术中，终端设备在进行VOWIFI语音业务时，若终端设备检测到当前的WIFI网络的信号强度小于第一门限值，可以选择将VOWIFI语音业务切换到5G网络或者4G网络进行语音业务。
在终端同时被4G网络和5G网络覆盖的情况下，终端设备通常会优先接入到5G网络为用户提供更好的网络服务，但是在一些场景下，终端设备直接将VOWIFI语音业务切换到5G网络可能会导致语音业务的通话质量降低。
例如，在VOWIFI语音业务切换到5G网络之前，5G网络已经存在语音拥塞，吞字吐字现象，那么在将语音业务切换到5G网络之后，语音业务同样将会出现语音拥塞，吞字吐字现象，造成语音业务的通话质量下降。
又例如，在5G独立组网(Standalone，SA)网络前期，5G SA网络可能不支持VONR语音业务，此时，若终端设备将语音业务切换到5G网络，5G网络需要采用演进分组系统回落(evolved packet system fall back，EPSFB)的方式，将语音业务回落到4G网络。此时，VOWIFI语音业务的PDN会话会首先切换到5G系统中，在5G系统中建立媒体承载，然后触发EPSFB，将语音业务回落到4G系统中。在该过程中，终端设备与网络设备之间的切换流程的信令流程多，切换时延大，导致语音业务切换失败的概率将会大大增加。
又例如，VOWIFI切换到VONR的过程中，如果PDU会话建立请求被拒绝。语音业务需要保持到WIFI网络中继续进行。终端设备在WIFI网络中进行语音业务的这段时间可能会出现通话质量差，甚至掉话的情况。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请提供一种通信方法，如图4所示，该方法包括：
S401、终端设备向SMF发送PDU会话建立请求。相应的，SMF接收来自终端设备的PDU会话建立请求。
PDU会话建立请求用于将当前承载在WIFI网络的语音业务切换到5G网络。
需要说明的是，终端设备向SFM发送的用于切换语音业务的PDU会话建立请求，为IMS PDU会话建立请求。
需要指出的是，本申请实施例适用于终端设备被4G网络和5G网络分别覆盖的场景下。
一种可能的实现方式中，在终端设备进行VOWIFI语音业务时，若终端设备检测到承载VOWIFI语音业务的WIFI网络的信号强度小于第一门限值，则终端设备测量5G网络的信号强度。在5G网络的信号强度大于或等于第二门限值的情况下，终端设备向SMF发送PDU会话建立请求，尝试将语音业务切换到5G网络。
需要指出的是，在5G网络中进行的语音业务也称为VONR语音业务。因此，将语音业务从WIFI网络切换至5G网络，也可以理解为将VOWIFI语音业务切换为VONR语音业务。
S402、在PDU会话建立失败的情况下，终端设备向P-GW发送PDN连接请求。
PDN连接请求用于将语音业务切换到4G网络。
需要指出的是，终端设备向5G网络切换语音业务失败，至少包括以下情形：
情形Ⅰ、终端设备向SMF发送PDU会话建立请求，但该PDU会话请求未被SMF成功接收。
情形Ⅱ、5G网络不能满足PDU会话建立需求(例如语音业务拥塞，网络切片资源不足等)，SMF拒绝终端设备的PDU会话建立请求；
情形Ⅲ、SMF允许终端设备的PDU会话建立请求，但PDU会话建立失败。
在上述情形Ⅱ中，终端设备会接收到SMF的拒绝PDU会话建立的消息，，终端设备在接收到该消息之后，确定PDU会话建立失败。终端设备直接向4G网络发起切换。
在上述情形Ⅰ和情形Ⅲ中，终端设备不会收到SMF指示PDU会话建立失败的响应消息。此时，为了使终端设备能够及时确定PDU会话建立失败，终端设备可以设置预设时长，若在预设时长内，PDU会话未建立成功，则终端设备认为PDU会话建立失败。终端设备直接向4G网络发起切换。
具体来说，若PDU会话建立失败，说明终端设备当前无法将语音业务切换到5G网络。此时，为了保证语音业务的通话质量，终端设备向P-GW发送PDN连接请求，尝试将语音业务切换到4G网络。
需要指出的是，在4G网络中进行的语音业务也称为VOLTE语音业务。因此，将语音业务从WIFI网络切换至4G网络，也可以理解为将VOWIFI语音业务切换为VOLTE语音业务。
基于上述技术方案，本申请实施例提供的通信方法，在终端设备正在进行VOWIFI语音业务时，可以将VOWIFI语音业务切换到5G网络，以保证VOWIFI语音业务的通话质量。在终端设备将VOWIFI语音业务切换到5G网络失败的情况下，终端设备重新向4G网络发起切换，以将VOWIFI语音业务切换到4G网络，避免终端设备在将VOWIFI语音业务切换到5G网络失败的情况下重新回到WIFI网络进行语音业务，影响语音业务的通话质量。
一种可能的实现方式中，如图5所示，上述S402具体可以通过以下S402a-S402c实现，以下对S402a-S402c进行具体说明：
S402a、SMF向终端设备发送第一响应。相应的，终端设备接收来自SMF的第一响应。
第一响应用于指示PDU会话建立失败。
需要指出的是，SMF会拒绝终端设备的PDU会话建立请求，导致PDU会话建立失败的场景至少包括：a、5G网络的网络切片资源不足；b、5G网络不支持VONR语音业务，c、5G网络出现语音拥塞。
一种示例，结合上述：a、5G网络的网络切片资源不足的场景进行说明：
在SMF接收到来自终端设备的PDU会话建立请求之后，SMF确定5G网络当前没有足够的网络切片资源分配给终端设备用于进行PDU会话。
此时，SMF向终端设备发送#69 cause(insufficient resources for specific slice，特定切片资源不足)信令消息，向终端设备指示5G网络的当前的没有足够的网络切片资源分配给终端设备用于建立PDU会话。
S402b、终端设备根据第一响应，确定PDU会话建立失败。
一种示例，在终端设备接收到SMF发送的#69 cause消息之后，终端设备根据该#69 cause确定5G网络的当前的没有足够的网络切片资源分配给终端设备用于建立PDU会话。进而，终端设备确定PDU会话建立失败。
S402c、终端设备向P-GW发送PDN连接请求。
在终端设备向5G网络切换语音业务失败的情况下，终端设备通过向4G网络的P-GW发送PDN连接请求以将语音业务切换到4G网络。
基于上述技术方案，终端设备可以在接收到来自SMF的第一响应之后，确定终端PDU会话建立失败，进而触发终端设备向4G网络切换语音业务。
一种具体的实现方式中，如图6所示，在S401之前，本申请实施例提供的通信方法还包括：
S601、终端设备发起VOWIFI语音业务。
需要指出的是，终端设备发起VOWIFI语音业务时，终端设备还可以同步进行数据传输业务。
在该情况下，终端设备的VOWIFI语音业务的IMS PDN建立在EPC/ePDG系统中，或者VOWIFI语音业务的IMS PDU session会话建立在5GC/N3IWF系统中。
终端设备的数据业务的PDU session通过NG-RAN建立在5G核心网(5GC)中。
S602、终端设备在正在进行VOWIFI语音业务的情况下，确定WIFI网络的信号强度是否小于第一门限值。
其中，上述WIFI网络为承载上述VOWIFI语音业务的WIFI网络。
S603、在WIFI网络的信号强度小于第一门限值的情况下，终端设备确定5G网络的信号强度，以及4G网络的信号强度。
一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备还判断4G网络的信号强度是否大于或等于第一门限值。
其中，上述4G网络和5G网络均为覆盖终端设备当前所属位置的网络。
需要指出的是，以上终端设备以WIFI网络的信号强度小于第一门限值确定作为测量4G网络的信号强度，以及5G网络的信号强度并发起语音业务切换的触发条件。
在实际过程中，终端设备还可以设置其他触发条件触发终端设备测量4G网络的信号强度，以及5G网络的信号强度并发起语音业务切换。
例如，终端设备以VOWIFI语音业务的通话质量差作为触发终端设备测量4G网络的信号强度，以及5G网络的信号强度并发起语音业务切换的触发条件。
具体来说，终端设备在VOWIFI语音业务的丢包率大于预设丢包率，和/或，VOWIFI语音业务的时延大于预设时延的情况下，终端设备设备测量4G网络的信号强度，以及5G网络的信号强度。
又例如，终端设备根据检测到的语音业务切换指令作为触发终端设备测量4G网络的信号强度，以及5G网络的信号强度并发起语音业务切换的触发条件。
其中，终端设备检测到的语音业务切换指令，可以是用户通过终端设备的输入装置(触摸屏，键盘按键等)输入的语音业务切换指令。
具体来说，在用户使用终端设备进行VOWIFI语音业务的过程中。用户判断在接下来的一段时间VOWIFI语音业务的通话质量将会受到影响(例如用户接下来会频繁 移动到WIFI网络信号较差的位置，或者接下来的时间WIFI网络会大量下载文件，影响语音通话的正常进行等)。此时，为了保证语音业务的通话质量，用户可以在终端设备的输入装置中，输入语音业务切换指令。终端设备检测到该语音业务切换指令之后，分别测量4G网络的信号强度，以及5G网络的信号强度。
需要说明的是，终端设备还可以设置除上述记载以外的触发条件触发终端设备测量4G网络的信号强度，以及5G网络的信号强度并发起语音业务切换，本申请对此不做限定。
S604、终端设备确定5G网络的信号强度是否大于或等于第二门限值，以及4G网络的信号强度是否大于或等于第三门限值。
一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备中预先配置有第二门限值和第三门限值。终端设备根据该预先配置确定第二门限值和第三门限值。
例如，在终端设备出厂配置时，为终端设备配置第二门限值和第三门限值。或者，在终端设备进行系统更新时，在系统更新包中为终端设备配置第二门限值和第三门限值。
又一种可能的实现方式中，第二门限值和第三门限值由PCF通过第二指示信息指示。
在该情况下，PCF和终端设备可以通过以下步骤a-步骤c为终端设备配置第二门限值和第三门限值。
步骤a、PCF生成第二指示信息。
一种可能的实现方式中，第二指示信息可以为PCF生成的ANDSP策略配置。
一种示例，PCF生成的ANDSP信息格式如下述表1所示：
表1
Figure PCTCN2020132934-appb-000001
其中，ANDSP Info type用于表征ANDSP消息的类型。Length of ANDSP info用于表征ANDSP消息的长度。ANDSP info contents用于表征ANDSP消息的内容。Spare用于表征预留的比特位。
ANDSP消息中的内容如下表2所示：
表2
Figure PCTCN2020132934-appb-000002
其中，上述“0 0 1 1 N3AN HandOver configuration information”为新增加的信令，用于指示进行非3GPP接入网络(Non-3GPP Access Network，N3NA)切换配置信息。该N3NA切换配置信息中包括上述第二门限值和第三门限值。
一种可能的实现方式中，N3NA切换配置信息中还包括指示切换网络所偏好的网络制式(prefer rat)的信息。
一种示例，N3NA切换配置信息的格式如下述表3所示：
表3
Figure PCTCN2020132934-appb-000003
其中，N3AN HandOver prefer rat用于指示切换网络所偏好的网络制式(prefer rat)的信息。在PCF无需为终端设备配置该信息的情况下，表3中相应的可以不携带该信息。NG-RAN threshold为5G接入网的切入门限，也即上述第二门限。ElUTRAN threshod为4G接入网的切入门限，也即上述第三门限值。
步骤b、PCF向终端设备发送第二指示信息。相应的，终端设备接收来自PCF的第二指示信息。
步骤c、终端设备根据第二指示信息，确定第二门限值和第三门限值。
又一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备具有SIM卡，第二门限值和第三门限值预先配置在SIM卡的卡文件中。终端设备通过读取SIM卡的卡文件，确定第二门限值和第三门限值。
终端设备还可以通过其他方式确定第二门限值和第三门限值，本申请对此不做限定。
基于上述技术方案，终端设备可以通过以上任一种方式，确定第二门限值和第三门限值。进而终端设备可以根据第二门限值和第三门限值，判断5G网络的信号强度是否满足切换条件，以及判断4G网络是否满足切换条件。
需要指出的是，在S604中终端设备确定5G网络的信号强度是否大于或等于第二门限值，以及4G网络的信号强度是否大于或等于第三门限值，包括以下场景：
场景1、5G网络的信号强度大于或等于第二门限值，4G网络的信号强度大于或等于第三门限值。
场景2、5G网络的信号强度大于或等于第二门限值，4G网络的信号强度小于第三门限值。
场景3、5G网络的信号强度小于第二门限值，4G网络的信号强度大于或等于第三门限值。
场景4、5G网络的信号强度小于第二门限值，4G网络的信号强度小于第三门限值。
在不同的场景下，终端设备选择的切换网络，以及终端设备和网络侧设备执行的切换动作不同，以下，分别对上述场景1-场景4进行具体说明：
场景1、5G网络的信号强度大于或等于第二门限值，4G网络的信号强度大于或 等于第三门限值。
在该场景下，终端设备执行以下S605-S607中的至少一项。
S605、终端设备确定切换网络。
该切换网络用于表征终端设备在切换语音业务时优先切换的网络。
例如，在切换网络为5G网络时，终端设备优先切换到5G网络。
在切换网络为4G网络时，终端设备优先切换到4G网络。
一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备中预先配置有第二门限值和第三门限值，以及切换网络。终端设备根据该预先配置确定切换网络。
又一种可能的实现方式中，切换网络由终端设备根据第一指示信息指示。
在该情况下，第一指示信息可以承载在上述S604中所记载的ANDSP策略配置信息中。其具体实现可以参照上述S604中表1-表3的描述，此处不再赘述。
又一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备具有SIM卡，切换网络预先配置在SIM卡的卡文件中。终端设备通过读取SIM卡的卡文件，确定切换网络。
又一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备根据检测到的切换网络选择信息确定切换网络。
举例来说，在需要选择切换网络时，终端设备在显示界面上显示切换网络选择界面。用户可以根据该显示界面选择切换网络。终端设备检测选择切换网络的操作，并根据该操作确定选择的切换网络。
需要指出的是，终端设备还可以通过其他方式确定切换网络，本申请对此不做限定。
需要说明的是，终端设备确定的切换网络可以为5G网络(记为情况1)，也可以为4G网络(记为情况2)。以下分别对情况1和情况2进行说明：
情况1、终端设备确定的切换网络为5G网络。
在该情况下，终端设备进行网络切换的过程可以实现为：
S401，终端设备向SMF发送PDU会话建立请求。相应的，SMF接收来自终端设备的PDU会话建立请求。
在SMF接收到来自终端设备的PDU会话建立请求之后，终端设备向5G网络切换语音业务可能存在以下两种情况：
情况1.1、终端设备向5G网络切换语音业务成功；情况1.2、终端设备向5G网络切换语音业务失败。
以下，分别对情况1.1和情况1.2进行具体说明：
情况1.1、终端设备向5G网络切换语音业务成功。
若SMF允许终端设备建立PDU会话，则SMF会进一步执行PDU会话建立流程。在PDU会话建立完成之后，终端设备向5G网络切换语音业务成功。在此之后，终端设备在5G网络上进行语音业务。
情况1.2、终端设备向5G网络切换语音业务失败。
在该情况下，终端设备可以通过执行以上S402向4G网络发起切换。其具体实现过程可以参照以上S402，此处不再赘述。
需要指出的是，在情况1.2中，若终端设备向4G网络切换语音业务失败，则终端 设备将语音业务保持在WIFI网络中继续进行。
情况2、切换网络为4G网络。
在该情况下，终端设备和P-GW进行网络切换的过程可以实现为：
S606、终端设备向P-GW发送PDN连接请求。相应的，P-GW接收来自终端设备的PDN连接请求。
在P-GW接收到来自终端设备的PDN连接请求之后，终端设备向4G网络切换语音业务可能存在以下两种情况：
情况2.1、终端设备向4G网络切换语音业务成功；情况2.2、终端设备向4G网络切换语音业务失败。
以下，分别对情况2.1和情况2.2进行具体说明：
情况2.1、终端设备向4G网络切换语音业务成功。
若P-GW允许终端设备建立PDN连接，则P-GW会进一步执行PDN连接建立流程。在PDN连接建立流程完成之后，终端设备向4G网络切换语音业务成功。在此之后，终端设备在4G网络上进行语音业务。
情况2.2、终端设备向4G网络切换语音业务失败。
在终端设备确定向4G网络切换语音业务失败的情况下，终端设备执行以下S607：
S607、终端设备向SMF发送PDU会话建立请求。相应的，SMF接收来自终端设备的PDU会话建立请求。
也即是说，在终端设备首次向4G网络切换语音业务失败的情况下，终端设备尝试将语音业务切换至5G网络。这样，终端设备可以在信号质量强度大于切换门限的5G网络中进行语音业务，从而保证了语音业务的通话质量。
需要指出的是，在情况2.2中，若终端设备向5G网络切换语音业务失败，则终端设备将语音业务保持在WIFI网络中继续进行。
基于上述技术方案，在4G网络和5G网络的信号强度均大于为其设定的切换门限的情况下，终端设备根据确定的优先切换网络进行网络切换。进一步的，终端设备在向一个网络切换失败时尝试向另一个网络再次发起切换，提高终端设备的切换成功率，保证终端设备能够在信号强度较好的网路中进行语音业务，提高终端设备的语音通话质量。
场景2、5G网络的信号强度大于或等于第二门限值，4G网络的信号强度小于第三门限值。
在该场景下，终端设备向5G网络发起语音业务切换。
需要指出的是，在场景2中，若终端设备向5G网络切换语音业务成功，则终端设备进行语音业务的实现过程与上述场景1中的情况1.1中相同，此处不在赘述。
若终端设备向5G网络切换语音业务失败，则终端设备可以执行上述情况1.2中所记载的过程。
或者，若终端设备向5G网络切换语音业务失败，则终端设备将语音业务保持在WIFI网络中进行。这是因为，在4G网络的信号强度小于切换门限值的情况下，即使终端设备将语音业务切换到4G网络，语音业务的通话质量也得不到保证。反而会增加因语音业务切换导致的掉话几率增加的问题。此时，终端设备不必要将语音业务切 换到4G网络。
需要说明的是，在实际执行过程中，终端设备向5G网络切换语音业务失败的情况下，终端设备后续是向4G网络进行切换，还是将语音业务保持在WIFI网络，可以根据实际需求确定，本申请对此不做限定。
场景3、5G网络的信号强度小于第二门限值，4G网络的信号强度大于或等于第三门限值。
在该场景下，终端设备向4G网络发起语音业务切换。
需要指出的是，在场景3中，若终端设备向4G网络切换语音业务成功，则终端设备进行语音业务的实现过程与上述场景1中的情况2.1相同，此处不再赘述。
若终端设备向4G网络切换语音业务失败，则终端设备可以执行上述情况2.2中所记载的过程。
或者，若终端设备向4G网络切换语音业务失败，则终端设备可以将语音业务保持在WIFI网络中进行。这是因为，在5G网络的信号强度小于切换门限值的情况下，即使终端设备将语音业务切换到5G网络，语音业务的通话质量也得不到保证。反而会增加因语音业务切换导致的掉话几率增加的问题。此时，终端设备不必要将语音业务切换到5G网络。
需要说明的是，在实际执行过程中，终端设备向4G网络切换语音业务失败的情况下，终端设备后续是向5G网络进行切换，还是将语音业务保持在WIFI网络，可以根据实际需求确定，本申请对此不做限定。
场景4、5G网络的信号强度小于第二门限值，4G网络的信号强度小于第三门限值。
在该场景下，终端设备保持语音业务在WIFI网络进行，终端设备不进行任何切换。
基于上述场景1-场景4、终端设备在确定切换网络时，首先测量5G网络和4G网络的信号强度。终端设备优先将语音业务切换至信号强度大于切换门限值的网络。从而保证了语音业务的通话质量。
一种可能的实现方式中，在一种可能的实现方式中，还包括：在PDU会话建立失败的情况下，或在PDU会话建立成功但语音业务在5G网络的通话质量不满足预设条件的情况下，终端设备确定第一时间窗；在第一时间窗内，终端设备不向5G网络切换承载在WIFI网络的语音业务。
基于此，终端设备可以在5G网络无法承载语音业务，或者5G网络的语音业务通话质量较差的情况下，在一定时长内不向5G网络切换语音业务，避免终端设备将语音业务切换失败的问题，或者避免终端设备在将语音业务切换到5G网络后通话质量下降的问题。
又一种可能的实现方式中，结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，还包括：在PDN连接失败的情况下，或在PDN连接成功但语音业务在4G网络的通话质量不满足预设条件的情况下，终端设备确定第二时间窗；在第二时间窗内，终端设备不向4G网络切换承载在WIFI网络的语音业务。
基于此，终端设备可以在4G网络无法承载语音业务，或者5G网络的语音业务通 话质量较差的情况下，在一定时长内不向4G网络切换语音业务，避免终端设备将语音业务切换失败的问题，或者避免终端设备在将语音业务切换到4G网络后通话质量下降的问题。
本申请上述实施例中的各个方案在不矛盾的前提下，均可以进行结合。
上述主要从各个网元之间交互的角度对本申请实施例的方案进行了介绍。可以理解的是，各个网元，例如，网络设备(例如网络侧的P-GW，SMF，PCF等)和终端设备为了实现上述功能，其包含了执行各个功能相应的硬件结构和软件模块中的至少一个。本领域技术人员应该很容易意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，本申请能够以硬件或硬件和计算机软件的结合形式来实现。某个功能究竟以硬件还是计算机软件驱动硬件的方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
本申请实施例可以根据上述方法示例对网络设备和终端设备进行功能单元的划分，例如，可以对应各个功能划分各个功能单元，也可以将两个或两个以上的功能集成在一个处理单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中对单元的划分是示意性的，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。
在采用集成的单元的情况下，图7示出了上述实施例中所涉及的通信装置(记为通信装置70)的一种可能的结构示意图，该通信装置70包括处理单元701和通信单元702，还可以包括存储单元703。图7所示的结构示意图可以用于示意上述实施例中所涉及的网络设备和终端设备的结构。
当图7所示的结构示意图用于示意上述实施例中所涉及的终端设备的结构时，处理单元701用于对终端设备的动作进行控制管理，例如，控制终端设备执行图4中的S401和S402，图5中的S401、S402a、S402b、S402c，图6中的S601-S607、S S401、S402a、S402b、S402c，和/或本申请实施例中所描述的其他过程中的终端设备执行的动作。处理单元701可以通过通信单元702与其他网络实体通信，例如，与图1中示出的SMF或P-GW通信。存储单元703用于存储终端设备的程序代码和数据。
当图7所示的结构示意图用于示意上述实施例中所涉及的终端设备的结构时，通信装置70可以是终端设备，也可以是终端设备内的芯片。
当图7所示的结构示意图用于示意上述实施例中所涉及的SMF的结构时，处理单元701用于对SMF的动作进行控制管理，例如，控制SMF执行图4中的S401，图5中的S401和S402a，图6中的S401、S402a、S607，和/或本申请实施例中所描述的其他过程中的终端设备执行的动作。处理单元701可以通过通信单元702与其他网络实体通信，例如，与图1中示出的终端设备通信。存储单元703用于存储终端设备的程序代码和数据。
当图7所示的结构示意图用于示意上述实施例中所涉及的SMF的结构时，通信装置70可以是SMF，也可以是SMF内的芯片。
当图7所示的结构示意图用于示意上述实施例中所涉及的P-GW的结构时，处理单元701用于对P-GW的动作进行控制管理，例如，控制P-GW执行图4中的S402， 图5中的S402c，图6中的、S402c、S606，和/或本申请实施例中所描述的其他过程中的终端设备执行的动作。处理单元701可以通过通信单元702与其他网络实体通信，例如，与图1中示出的终端设备通信。存储单元703用于存储终端设备的程序代码和数据。
当图7所示的结构示意图用于示意上述实施例中所涉及的P-GW的结构时，通信装置70可以是P-GW，也可以是P-GW内的芯片。
其中，当通信装置70为终端设备、SMF或P-GW时，处理单元701可以是处理器或控制器，通信单元702可以是通信接口、收发器、收发机、收发电路、收发装置等。其中，通信接口是统称，可以包括一个或多个接口。存储单元703可以是存储器。当通信装置70为终端设备、SMF或P-GW内的芯片时，处理单元701可以是处理器或控制器，通信单元702可以是输入接口和/或输出接口、管脚或电路等。存储单元703可以是该芯片内的存储单元(例如，寄存器、缓存等)，也可以是终端设备、SMF或P-GW内的位于该芯片外部的存储单元(例如，只读存储器(read-only memory，简称ROM)、随机存取存储器(random access memory，简称RAM)等)。
其中，通信单元也可以称为收发单元。通信装置70中的具有收发功能的天线和控制电路可以视为通信装置70的通信单元702，具有处理功能的处理器可以视为通信装置70的处理单元701。可选的，通信单元702中用于实现接收功能的器件可以视为接收单元，接收单元用于执行本申请实施例中的接收的步骤，接收单元可以为接收机、接收器、接收电路等。
图7中的集成的单元如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请实施例的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)或处理器(processor)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。存储计算机软件产品的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器、随机存取存储器、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
图7中的单元也可以称为模块，例如，处理单元可以称为处理模块。
本申请实施例还提供了一种通信装置(记为通信装置80)的硬件结构示意图，参见图8或图9，该通信装置80包括处理器801，可选的，还包括与处理器801连接的存储器802。
在第一种可能的实现方式中，参见图8，通信装置80还包括收发器803。处理器801、存储器802和收发器803通过总线相连接。收发器803用于与其他设备或通信网络通信。可选的，收发器803可以包括发射机和接收机。收发器803中用于实现接收功能的器件可以视为接收机，接收机用于执行本申请实施例中的接收的步骤。收发器803中用于实现发送功能的器件可以视为发射机，发射机用于执行本申请实施例中的发送的步骤。
基于第一种可能的实现方式，图8所示的结构示意图可以用于示意上述实施例中所涉及的网络设备或终端设备的结构。
当图8所示的结构示意图用于示意上述实施例中所涉及的终端设备的结构时，处理器801用于对终端设备的动作进行控制管理，例如，处理器801用于支持终端设备执行图4中的S401和S402，图5中的S401、S402a、S402b、S402c，图6中的S601-S607、S S401、S402a、S402b、S402c，和/或本申请实施例中所描述的其他过程中的终端设备执行的动作。处理器801可以通过收发器803与其他网络实体通信，例如，与图1中示出的网络设备通信。存储器802用于存储终端设备的程序代码和数据。
当图8所示的结构示意图用于示意上述实施例中所涉及的SMF的结构时，处理器801用于对SMF的动作进行控制管理，例如，处理器801用于支持SMF执行图4中的S401，图5中的S401和S402a，图6中的S401、S402a、S607，和/或本申请实施例中所描述的其他过程中的SMF执行的动作。处理器801可以通过收发器803与其他网络实体通信，例如，与图1中示出的终端设备通信。存储器802用于存储SMF的程序代码和数据。
当图8所示的结构示意图用于示意上述实施例中所涉及的P-GW的结构时，处理器801用于对P-GW的动作进行控制管理，例如，处理器801用于支持P-GW执行图4中的S402，图5中的S402c，图6中的、S402c、S606，和/或本申请实施例中所描述的其他过程中的P-GW执行的动作。处理器801可以通过收发器803与其他网络实体通信，例如，与图1中示出的终端设备通信。存储器802用于存储P-GW的程序代码和数据。
在第二种可能的实现方式中，处理器801包括逻辑电路以及输入接口和输出接口中的至少一个。其中，输出接口用于执行相应方法中的发送的动作，输入接口用于执行相应方法中的接收的动作。
基于第二种可能的实现方式，参见图9，图9所示的结构示意图可以用于示意上述实施例中所涉及的网络设备或终端设备的结构。
当图9所示的结构示意图用于示意上述实施例中所涉及的终端设备的结构时，处理器801用于对终端设备的动作进行控制管理，例如，处理器801用于支持终端设备执行图4中的S401和S402，图5中的S401、S402a、S402b、S402c，图6中的S601-S607、S S401、S402a、S402b、S402c，和/或本申请实施例中所描述的其他过程中的终端设备执行的动作。处理器801可以通过输入接口和输出接口中的至少一个与其他网络实体通信，例如，与图1中示出的网络设备通信。存储器802用于存储终端设备的程序代码和数据。
当图9所示的结构示意图用于示意上述实施例中所涉及的SMF的结构时，处理器801用于对SMF的动作进行控制管理，例如，处理器801用于支持SMF执行图4中的S401，图5中的S401和S402a，图6中的S401、S402a、S607，和/或本申请实施例中所描述的其他过程中的SMF执行的动作。处理器801可以通过输入接口和输出接口中的至少一个与其他网络实体通信，例如，与图1中示出的终端设备通信。存储器802用于存储SMF的程序代码和数据。
其中，图8和图9也可以示意SMF中的系统芯片。该情况下，上述SMF执行的动作可以由该系统芯片实现，具体所执行的动作可参见上文，在此不再赘述。图8和图9也可以示意终端设备中的系统芯片。该情况下，上述终端设备执行的动作可以由 该系统芯片实现，具体所执行的动作可参见上文，在此不再赘述。
当图9所示的结构示意图用于示意上述实施例中所涉及的P-GW的结构时，处理器801用于对P-GW的动作进行控制管理，例如，处理器801用于支持P-GW执行图4中的S402，图5中的S402c，图6中的、S402c、S606，和/或本申请实施例中所描述的其他过程中的P-GW执行的动作。处理器801可以通过输入接口和输出接口中的至少一个与其他网络实体通信，例如，与图1中示出的终端设备通信。存储器802用于存储P-GW的程序代码和数据。
其中，图8和图9也可以示意P-GW中的系统芯片。该情况下，上述P-GW执行的动作可以由该系统芯片实现，具体所执行的动作可参见上文，在此不再赘述。图8和图9也可以示意终端设备中的系统芯片。该情况下，上述终端设备执行的动作可以由该系统芯片实现，具体所执行的动作可参见上文，在此不再赘述。
另外，本申请实施例还提供了一种终端设备(记为终端设备100)的硬件结构示意图，具体可分别参见图10。
图10为终端设备100的硬件结构示意图。为了便于说明，图10仅示出了终端设备的主要部件。如图10所示，终端设备100包括处理器、存储器、控制电路、天线以及输入输出装置。
处理器主要用于对通信协议以及通信数据进行处理，以及对整个终端设备进行控制，执行软件程序，处理软件程序的数据，例如，控制终端设备执行图4中的S401和S402，图5中的S401、S402a、S402b、S402c，图6中的S601-S607、S S401、S402a、S402b、S402c，和/或本申请实施例中所描述的其他过程中的终端设备执行的动作。存储器主要用于存储软件程序和数据。控制电路(也可以称为射频电路)主要用于基带信号与射频信号的转换以及对射频信号的处理。控制电路和天线一起也可以叫做收发器，主要用于收发电磁波形式的射频信号。输入输出装置，例如触摸屏、显示屏，键盘等主要用于接收用户输入的数据以及对用户输出数据。
当终端设备开机后，处理器可以读取存储器中的软件程序，解释并执行软件程序的指令，处理软件程序的数据。当需要通过天线发送数据时，处理器对待发送的数据进行基带处理后，输出基带信号至控制电路中的控制电路，控制电路将基带信号进行射频处理后将射频信号通过天线以电磁波的形式向外发送。当有数据发送到终端设备时，控制电路通过天线接收到射频信号，将射频信号转换为基带信号，并将基带信号输出至处理器，处理器将基带信号转换为数据并对该数据进行处理。
本领域技术人员可以理解，为了便于说明，图10仅示出了一个存储器和处理器。在实际的终端设备中，可以存在多个处理器和存储器。存储器也可以称为存储介质或者存储设备等，本申请实施例对此不做限制。
作为一种可选的实现方式，处理器可以包括基带处理器和中央处理器，基带处理器主要用于对通信协议以及通信数据进行处理，中央处理器主要用于对整个终端设备进行控制，执行软件程序，处理软件程序的数据。图10中的处理器集成了基带处理器和中央处理器的功能，本领域技术人员可以理解，基带处理器和中央处理器也可以是各自独立的处理器，通过总线等技术互联。本领域技术人员可以理解，终端设备可以包括多个基带处理器以适应不同的网络制式，终端设备可以包括多个中央处理器以增 强其处理能力，终端设备的各个部件可以通过各种总线连接。该基带处理器也可以表述为基带处理电路或者基带处理芯片。该中央处理器也可以表述为中央处理电路或者中央处理芯片。对通信协议以及通信数据进行处理的功能可以内置在处理器中，也可以以软件程序的形式存储在存储器中，由处理器执行软件程序以实现基带处理功能。
在实现过程中，本实施例提供的方法中的各步骤可以通过处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。
本申请中的处理器可以包括但不限于以下至少一种：中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)、微处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、微控制器(microcontroller unit，MCU)、或人工智能处理器等各类运行软件的计算设备，每种计算设备可包括一个或多个用于执行软件指令以进行运算或处理的核。该处理器可以是个单独的半导体芯片，也可以跟其他电路一起集成为一个半导体芯片，例如，可以跟其他电路(如编解码电路、硬件加速电路或各种总线和接口电路)构成一个SoC(片上系统)，或者也可以作为一个ASIC的内置处理器集成在所述ASIC当中，该集成了处理器的ASIC可以单独封装或者也可以跟其他电路封装在一起。该处理器除了包括用于执行软件指令以进行运算或处理的核外，还可进一步包括必要的硬件加速器，如现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)、PLD(可编程逻辑器件)、或者实现专用逻辑运算的逻辑电路。
本申请实施例中的存储器，可以包括如下至少一种类型：只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)。在某些场景下，存储器还可以是只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，包括指令，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述任一方法。
本申请实施例还提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述任一方法。
本申请实施例还提供了一种通信系统，包括：上述网络设备和终端设备。
本申请实施例还提供了一种芯片，该芯片包括处理器和接口电路，该接口电路和该处理器耦合，该处理器用于运行计算机程序或指令，以实现上述方法，该接口电路用于与该芯片之外的其它模块进行通信。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件程序实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式来实现。该计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。计算机可以是通用计算 机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或者数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(digital subscriber line，简称DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可以用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。可用介质可以是磁性介质(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)，光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘(solid state disk，简称SSD))等。
最后应说明的是：以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何在本申请揭露的技术范围内的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    终端设备向会话管理功能实体SMF发送协议数据单元PDU会话建立请求；所述PDU会话建立请求用于将当前承载在无线保真WIFI网络的语音业务切换到第五代移动通信5G网络；
    在所述PDU会话建立失败的情况下，所述终端设备向分组数据网网关P-GW发送分组数据网PDN连接请求；所述PDN连接请求用于将所述语音业务切换到第四代移动通信4G网络。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述PDU会话建立失败包括：
    所述终端设备接收来自所述SMF的第一响应；所述第一响应用于指示所述PDU会话建立失败。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端设备向SMF发送PDU会话建立请求的条件包括：所述WIFI网络的信号强度小于第一门限值，以及所述5G网络的信号强度大于或等于第二门限值。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一门限值根据所述终端设备的移动速度，所述终端设备的运动方向确定。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端设备向SMF发送PDU会话建立请求的条件还包括以下任一项：所述4G网络的信号强度小于第三门限值；或者，所述4G网络的信号强度大于或等于第三门限值，且所述终端设备确定的切换网络为所述5G网络。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述切换网络通过第一指示信息指示。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在所述PDU会话建立失败的情况下，或在所述PDU会话建立成功但所述语音业务在所述5G网络的通话质量不满足预设条件的情况下，所述终端设备确定第一时间窗；在所述第一时间窗内，所述终端设备不向所述5G网络切换承载在WIFI网络的语音业务。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在所述PDN连接失败的情况下，或在所述PDN连接成功但所述语音业务在所述4G网络的通话质量不满足预设条件的情况下，所述终端设备确定第二时间窗；在所述第二时间窗内，所述终端设备不向所述4G网络切换承载在WIFI网络的语音业务。
  9. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：处理单元和通信单元；
    所述处理单元，用于指示所述通信单元向会话管理功能实体SMF发送协议数据单元PDU会话建立请求；所述PDU会话建立请求用于将当前承载在无线保真WIFI网络的语音业务切换到第五代移动通信5G网络；
    所述处理单元，还用于在所述PDU会话建立失败的情况下，指示所述通信单元向分组数据网网关P-GW发送分组数据网PDN连接请求；所述PDN连接请求用于将所述语音业务切换到第四代移动通信4G网络。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元，还用于：
    在所述通信单元接收来自所述SMF的第一响应的情况下，确定所述PDU会话建立失败；所述第一响应用于指示所述PDU会话建立失败。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元指示所述通信单元向SMF发送PDU会话建立请求的条件包括：所述WIFI网络的信号小于第一门限值，以及所述5G网络的信号强度大于或等于第二门限值。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一门限值根据所述通信装置的移动速度，所述通信装置的运动方向确定。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元指示所述通信单元向SMF发送PDU会话建立请求的条件还包括以下任一项：所述4G网络的信号强度小于第三门限值；或者，所述4G网络的信号强度大于或等于第三门限值，且所述通信装置确定的切换网络为所述5G网络。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，所述切换网络通过第一指示信息指示。
  15. 根据权利要求9-14任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元，还用于：
    在所述PDU会话建立失败的情况下，或在所述PDU会话建立成功但所述语音业务在所述5G网络的通话质量不满足预设条件的情况下，确定第一时间窗；在所述第一时间窗内，所述通信装置不向所述5G网络切换承载在WIFI网络的语音业务。
  16. 根据权利要求9-15任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元，还用于：在所述PDN连接失败的情况下，或在所述PDN连接成功但所述语音业务在所述4G网络的通话质量不满足预设条件的情况下，确定第二时间窗；在所述第二时间窗内，所述通信装置不向所述4G网络切换承载在WIFI网络的语音业务。
  17. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括处理器和接口电路，所述接口电路用于接收来自所述通信装置之外的其它通信装置的信号并传输至所述处理器或将来自所述处理器的信号发送给所述通信装置之外的其它通信装置，所述处理器通过逻辑电路或执行代码指令用于实现如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法。
  18. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，包括计算机执行指令，当所述计算机执行指令在计算机上运行时，使得所述计算机执行如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法。
  19. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，包括计算机执行指令，当所述计算机执行指令在计算机上运行时，使得所述计算机执行如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法。
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