WO2022105791A1 - 一种柔性电连接钻柱 - Google Patents

一种柔性电连接钻柱 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022105791A1
WO2022105791A1 PCT/CN2021/131198 CN2021131198W WO2022105791A1 WO 2022105791 A1 WO2022105791 A1 WO 2022105791A1 CN 2021131198 W CN2021131198 W CN 2021131198W WO 2022105791 A1 WO2022105791 A1 WO 2022105791A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrical connection
flexible electrical
drill
pipe
flexible
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/131198
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐梓辰
郑凯
万晓跃
杨忠华
Original Assignee
万晓跃
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202011296978.9A external-priority patent/CN112392410B/zh
Application filed by 万晓跃 filed Critical 万晓跃
Publication of WO2022105791A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022105791A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/16—Drill collars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical fields of drilling technology and oil drilling and production, in particular to a flexible electrical connection drill string.
  • the combined structure of the drilling tool at the lower part of the rotary drilling equipment is connected by continuous metal drill pipes or continuous cylindrical drill collars.
  • the ultimate build rate of about 15°/30m can be achieved during rotary drilling.
  • the technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to drive the directional drilling tool to drill or measure the formation parameters near the drill bit through the short-very short-radius well section.
  • the invention greatly expands the length limit of the flexible electrical connection drill string by connecting a plurality of flexible electrical connection drill pipes that can realize electrical connection in series and splicing the flexible electrical connection drill string, and can easily realize the combination and connection of the flexible electrical connection drill string. . Since the independent flexible electrical connection drill pipe can be easily disassembled, transportation is greatly facilitated.
  • a flexible electrical connection drill string characterized in that it includes several sections of flexible electrical connection drill pipes that are connected end to end, and the flexible electrical connection drill pipes at least include several short-joint units , a lower joint, a lower electrical connector, an upper joint, an upper electrical connector, and an electrical circuit;
  • the sub unit includes at least a variable-angle WOB torque transmission mechanism for deflectable transmission of drilling power;
  • the sub unit A through structure is provided inside the variable-angle WOB torque transmission mechanism contained therein;
  • the electrical circuit penetrates each short section unit included in the flexible electrical connection drill pipe and the variable-angle drilling pressure torque transmission mechanism inside the short section, and the electrical circuit is electrically connected with the lower electrical connection piece and the upper electrical connection piece, It is used to realize the electrical connection inside the flexible electrical connection drill pipe;
  • the lower joint of the previous flexible electrical connection drill pipe and the upper joint of the next flexible electrical connection drill pipe are fixedly connected;
  • the lower electrical connection piece is electrically connected with the upper electrical connection piece of the next flexible electrical connection drill pipe, and is used for signal transmission between the flexible electrical connection drill pipes.
  • the sub-section unit refers to a functional sub-section that can realize variable-angle WOB torque transmission, and any sub-section unit on the flexible electrical connection drill pipe can be realized. Any fixed connection method such as screw connection, welding, etc. can be adopted between each short section unit.
  • Each sub-joint unit can also be connected by parts with a common end, that is, the lower-end component of the upper sub-joint unit and the upper-end component of the lower sub-joint unit are integrally processed.
  • the variable-angle WOB torque transmission mechanism may be a cross-shaft universal joint, the advantage of which is that the cross-shaft universal joint can not only transmit torsional force, but also transmit axial force.
  • the variable-angle WOB torque transmission mechanism can also be a triaxial universal joint, a ball fork type universal joint, or a ball cage type universal joint.
  • the electrical lines of the present invention include power transmission lines and/or communication lines.
  • variable-angle force transmission structure at least includes a universal joint and/or a hinged structure, which can be used for variable-angle transmission of weight-on-bit and/or torque. Shown in the figure is a situation in the variable-angle force transmission mechanism.
  • the ball head 21 and the ball seat 22 form a hinged structure, which can transmit axial force;
  • the torque transmission cylindrical pin 24 is limited in the torque transmission groove 23, which can transmit axial force.
  • the seal 26 is used for sealing, which can block the communication between the drilling fluid in the annulus and the drilling fluid inside the flexible transmission sub-string.
  • variable-angle weight-on-bit torque transmission mechanism includes a torque-transfer ball cage and a hinged structure, the hinge structure is used to transmit the weight-on-bit or tensile force, and the torque-transfer ball cage is used to transmit torque.
  • the short joint unit includes a drill collar housing and a mandrel
  • the variable-angle WOB torque transmission mechanism is provided between the drill collar housing and the mandrel for connecting the drill collars
  • the outer casing and the mandrel realize torsion transmission and/or axial force transmission between the drill collar casing and the mandrel; the mandrel and the torque transmission mechanism are inner sleeves through the drilling pressure transmission mechanism and is seated inside the drill collar shell, the end of the mandrel away from the torque transmission mechanism extends out of the drill collar shell and is fixedly connected with the drill collar shell of the adjacent drilling unit, and the torque transmission mechanism includes a ball.
  • a cage type universal joint, the ball cage type universal joint and the drilling pressure transmission mechanism cooperate with each other to drive the axis of the mandrel to generate a deflection angle relative to the axis of the drill collar shell.
  • the mandrel of the sub-section unit and the drill collar shell adjacent to the sub-section unit can be integrally processed.
  • the sub-section units only describe their functions and functions, and the sub-section units can be fixedly connected in any manner.
  • the short joint unit includes a drill collar housing and a mandrel, and the mandrel of the short joint unit and the drill collar housing of the short joint unit located above, as an integral part, are processed in an integrated manner. processing.
  • the mandrel extends downward from the lower end of the drill collar housing of the sub unit located above and is inserted into the drill collar housing of the sub unit and forms an independent ring with the drill collar housing of the sub unit shape space.
  • the variable-angle WOB torque transmission mechanism is arranged in the annular space between the drill collar shell and the mandrel. The mandrel and the torque transmission mechanism are connected to the inside of the drill collar shell through the WOB transmission mechanism.
  • the advantage is that the length of the sub-section can be shortened to the maximum extent when the drill collar housing of the sub-section of the previous section and the mandrel of the sub-section of the next section are processed as an integral part.
  • the design method adopted by the present invention avoids connection through screw connection, screw connection, welding, bolting, plug-in, etc., so that the overall strength of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe can be better guaranteed and shortened to the maximum extent.
  • the weight-on-bit transmission mechanism includes at least a first pair of sliding surfaces and a second pair of sliding surfaces for bearing axial tension and/or pressure, the first pair of sliding surfaces and the second pair of sliding surfaces
  • the relative slip surfaces of the slip surfaces are attached to each other and can be dislocated and slip, and the centroids of the first pair of slip surfaces and the second pair of slip surfaces coincide with the center of the ball cage universal joint, so that The weight on bit can be transferred to the drill collar housing via the mandrel over the spherical joint.
  • the ball cage type universal joint is a ball cage type constant velocity joint, and the distance from the center of the steel ball to the center of the ball cage type constant velocity joint is smaller than that of the first pair. The distance from the sliding surface and the second pair of sliding surfaces to the center of the ball cage type constant velocity joint.
  • a through hole is opened along the axial direction of the WOB transmission mechanism, the torque transmission mechanism and the mandrel, and the through hole constitutes a main channel for circulation of the drilling circulating medium.
  • the interior of the mandrel is provided with an electrical circuit accommodating hole or groove; the position where there is a gap between the drilling pressure transmission mechanism, the torque transmission mechanism and the through hole of the mandrel is provided with a flexible bridge.
  • the flexible bridge is arranged in the electrical circuit accommodating hole or groove, and its two ends are fixedly connected to the drilling pressure transmission mechanism, the torque transmission mechanism and the adjacent electric circuit accommodating holes of the mandrel respectively Or slot, the advantage is that the electrical circuit is constrained inside the flexible electrical connection drill pipe by the wire accommodating groove or hole, and rotates with the flexible electrical connection drill pipe, which can effectively protect the electrical circuit from being damaged and destroyed.
  • a through pipe is arranged inside the flexible electrical connection drill pipe, the pipe is used for fixing the electrical circuit, the electrical circuit is fixedly arranged inside or outside the through pipe, and one end of the through pipe extends to the uppermost sub-joint unit of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe where the through-pipe is located, and the other end of the through-pipe extends to the lowermost short-joint unit of the flexible electrically-connected drill pipe where the through-pipe is located It is used to realize the electrical connection between the electrical circuit and the upper and lower electrical connectors of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe where it is located.
  • the rod rotates, which can effectively protect the electrical circuit from being damaged and destroyed.
  • the through pipe is arranged inside the through structure included in the short joint unit, and forms a flow channel with the through structure;
  • the annular space formed by the through-pipe and the through-structure constitutes the flow channel of the drilling circulating medium.
  • the electrical circuit is arranged in the annular space formed by the through-pipe and the through-structure When in the space, the inner space of the through-pipe is used to form a flow channel.
  • the upper electrical connecting piece at least includes an upper electrical connecting conductive portion and an upper electrical connecting insulating portion
  • the lower electrical connecting piece at least includes a lower electrical connecting conducting portion and a lower electrical connecting insulating portion
  • Either or both of the upper electrical connector and the lower electrical connector include at least one seal ring, and the seal ring is arranged between the upper electrical connector of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe located below and the flexible electrical connector located above. In the insertion gap of the lower electrical connector connecting the drill pipe, it is used to prevent the drilling circulating medium from penetrating through the insulating part, resulting in electric leakage of the conductive part, entering dirt or sealing pressure.
  • the sealing ring is arranged on the side of the drilling circulation medium in the insertion gap between the upper electrical connector and the lower electrical connector, that is, where the drilling circulating medium flows through the insertion gap between the upper electrical connector and the lower electrical connector and contacts the conductive part. on the path.
  • a limiting structure is provided on the outside of the mandrel, and the limiting structure is arranged inside the drill collar shell of the pup joint unit and inserted into the drill collar shell of the pup joint unit together with the mandrel,
  • the outer diameter of the limiting structure is smaller than the inner diameter of the drill collar shell, so that the mandrel can have a certain movement space inside the next short section unit, which is convenient for the sliding of the sliding surface and/or the movement of the universal joint to ensure
  • the sub unit can realize the function of variable angle transmission of WOB torque transmission.
  • the present invention realizes the WOB and torque transmission of the directional drilling tool respectively through the WOB transmission mechanism and the torque transmission mechanism, which are independently arranged between the drill collar shell and the mandrel, and are protected by the pressure-bearing sealing pipe.
  • the drill collar shell and the mandrel are not eroded and damaged by the drilling circulating medium, and at the same time, the coaxial characteristics of the adjacent driving drill pipes can be maintained to a certain extent, so that the rotary directional drilling with high build-up rate can be achieved while reducing the cost of drilling.
  • the difficulty of well deviation control during rotary drilling increases equipment reliability and deflection stability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a flexible electrical connection drill string
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the flexible electrical connection drill string shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the flexible electrical connection drill string
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another embodiment of the flexible electrical connection drill string
  • Fig. 5 is a partial detailed view of the flexible electrical connection drill string shown in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a partial detailed view of the flexible electrical connection drill string shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 7 is a partial detailed view of the flexible electrical connection drill string shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 8 is an application scenario diagram of a flexible electrical connection drill string and a schematic structural diagram during application
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the flexible electrical connection drill string and the electrical appliances near the bottom of the hole;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the flexible electrical connection drill string and the downhole generator.
  • a flexible electrical connection drill string comprising several sections of flexible electrical connection drill pipes connected end to end, the flexible electrical connection drill pipes at least include several short joint units 1, lower joints 2.
  • the short section unit 1 at least includes a variable-angle WOB torque transmission mechanism 7 for deflectable transmission of drilling power; so
  • the short joint unit 1 and the variable-angle WOB torque transmission mechanism 7 contained therein are provided with a through structure; the electrical circuit 6 penetrates through each short joint unit 1 included in the flexible electrical connection drill pipe and the interior of the short joint
  • the variable-angle WOB torque transmission mechanism 7, the electrical circuit 6 is electrically connected to the lower electrical connection piece 3 and the upper electrical connection piece 5 for realizing the electrical connection inside the flexible electrical connection drill pipe;
  • the lower flexible electrical connection drill The lower joint 2 of the rod is fixedly connected with the upper joint 4 of the upper flexible electric connection drill pipe; inside the flexible electric connection drill string, the lower electric connection piece 3 of the previous flexible electric connection drill pipe and
  • the variable-angle WOB torque transmission mechanism 7 includes a torque transmission ball cage 8 and a hinge structure 9, the hinge structure 9 is used to transmit the WOB or tensile force, and the torque transmission ball cage 8 is used to transmit torque, and is used to transfer the flexible Electrically connecting the drill string requires separate transmission of WOB and torque conducted.
  • the sub unit 1 includes a drill collar housing 10 and a mandrel 11 , and the variable-angle WOB torque transmission mechanism 7 is provided between the drill collar housing 10 and the mandrel 11 for connecting the drill collar housing 10 and the mandrel 11;
  • the variable-angle WOB torque transmission mechanism 7 includes a torque transmission mechanism (such as a torque transmission ball cage 8) and a WOB transmission mechanism (such as a hinged structure 9), the mandrel 11 and the torque
  • the transmission mechanism is sleeved through the WOB transmission mechanism and is seated inside the drill collar housing 10.
  • the end of the mandrel 11 away from the torque transmission mechanism extends out of the drill collar housing 10 and is connected to the adjacent drilling unit.
  • the drill collar shell 10 is fixedly connected, and the torque transmission mechanism includes a ball-cage universal joint, and the ball-cage universal joint and the WOB transmission mechanism cooperate with each other to drive the axis of the mandrel 11 relative to the drill.
  • the axis of the collar shell 10 produces a deflection angle (not exceeding 8°) (that is, the limit deflection angle at both ends of the ball cage joint does not exceed 8°, that is, the axis of the mandrel is relative to the axis of the drill collar shell.
  • the maximum deflection angle that can be produced does not exceed 8°).
  • the WOB transmission mechanism at least includes a first pair of sliding surfaces 12 and a second pair of sliding surfaces 13 for bearing axial tension and/or pressure, the first pair of sliding surfaces 12 and the second pair of sliding surfaces
  • the relative sliding surfaces of the surface 13 are attached to each other and can be dislocated and slipped, and the centroids of the first pair of sliding surfaces 12 and the second pair of sliding surfaces 13 are coincident with the center of the ball cage type universal joint, so that The WOB can be transmitted to the drill collar shell 10 through the mandrel 11 over the ball cage universal joint, and the sliding surface is used to withstand the WOB and tensile forces in the flexible electrical connection drill string.
  • Axial force makes the steel balls of the universal joint not subject to drilling pressure as much as possible, which greatly increases the life of the steel balls of the universal joint, reduces the torque fluctuation, and avoids the vibration of the drill string and the resonance of the flexible electrical connection.
  • the front end of the drill string or the near-bit electrical device connected in series at any position in the flexible electrical connection drill string produces a destructive effect.
  • the ball cage type universal joint is a ball cage type constant velocity joint, and the distance from the center of the steel ball to the center of the ball cage type constant velocity joint is smaller than that of the first pair of sliding surfaces 12 and the first pair of sliding surfaces 12 . The distance from the two pairs of sliding surfaces 13 to the center of the ball cage type constant velocity joint.
  • a through hole is formed along the axial direction of the variable-angle WOB torque transmission mechanism 7 and the mandrel 11 , and the through hole constitutes a main channel for circulation of drilling circulating medium.
  • the inner shaft is provided with an electrical circuit accommodating hole or slot 14 ; the variable angle drilling torque transmission mechanism 7 and the through hole of the mandrel 11 Where there is a gap, a flexible bridge 15 is provided.
  • the flexible bridge 15 is arranged in the accommodating hole or groove of the electrical circuit 6, and its two ends are fixedly connected to the variable angle drill respectively. Press the torque transmission mechanism 7 and the adjacent electrical lines 6 of the mandrel 11 into the accommodating holes or grooves to prevent the electrical lines from being pinched or worn by the gap, so that the electrical lines can smoothly pass from one side of the gap to the other side of the gap. the other side of the gap.
  • the bridge bridge includes, but is not limited to, an elastic or flexible metal tube or any other elastic or flexible structure that can accommodate cables passing through the gap.
  • the accommodating hole or slot 14 can be an annular groove, a square Slots of other shapes.
  • a flexible electrical connection drill pipe is provided with a through pipe 16 inside the flexible electrical connection drill pipe.
  • the pipe is used to fix the electrical circuit 6, and the electrical circuit 6 is fixedly arranged on the Inside or outside of the through pipe, one end of the through pipe extends to the uppermost short section unit 1 of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe where the through pipe is located, and the other end of the through pipe extends to the through pipe
  • the short section unit 1 at the bottom of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe where it is located is used to realize the electrical connection between the electrical circuit 6 and the upper electrical connector 5 and the lower electrical connector 3 of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe where it is located;
  • the tube can be a tube made of any material, such as a metal tube, a carbon fiber tube, a rubber tube, or a composite tube.
  • the through pipe 16 is arranged inside the through structure included in the short joint unit 1, and forms a flow channel with the through structure;
  • the electrical circuit 6 is arranged inside the through-pipe, the annular space formed by the through-pipe 16 and the through-structure constitutes the flow channel of the drilling circulating medium; as shown in Figures 4 and 7, a flexible electrical connection drill pipe,
  • the electrical circuit 6 is disposed in the annular space 20 formed by the through pipe and the through structure, the inner space 21 of the through pipe is used to form a flow channel.
  • the upper electrical connector 5 at least includes an upper electrical connection conductive portion 51 and an upper electrical connection insulating portion 52
  • the lower electrical connector 3 at least includes a lower electrical connection conductive portion 31 and a lower electrical connection insulating portion 32;
  • the upper electrical connection conductive part of the upper electrical connection piece that is electrically connected to the drill pipe and the lower electrical connection conductive part of the lower electrical connection piece of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe located above are abutted against each other for transmitting signals and / or electricity;
  • the electrical connection insulating parts 52 abut each other or preset a small gap, which is used to prevent the leakage of the conductive part or slow down the leakage of the conductive part; either or both of the upper electrical connection piece 5 and the lower electrical connection piece 3 include at least one sealing ring , the sealing ring is arranged in the
  • the present invention consists of several sections of flexible electrical connection drill pipes that are connected end to end to form a flexible electrical connection drill string.
  • the WOB and torque transmission of the directional drilling tool are respectively realized, and the drill collar shell and the mandrel are protected from the erosion and damage of the drilling circulating medium through the pressure-bearing sealing tube.
  • the build rate of the wellbore that can be completed under controllable trajectory conditions generally does not exceed 15°/30 meters.
  • the general rotary steerable deflection ability is about 6°/30 meters.
  • the shortest radius directional steering of the most advanced Schlumberger company can only reach 15°/30 meters. Meter.
  • the drilling and logging of short-very short-radius lateral wells are greatly restricted due to the inability to provide electric power for drilling, logging or formation testing equipment near the bottom of the well. Or the development of formation testing technology.
  • the extremely short radius described in the present invention refers to the range in which the radius of curvature is less than 10 meters.
  • Very short radius branch drilling refers to drilling a branch well section with a curvature radius of less than 10 meters or continuing drilling through a branch well section with a curvature radius of less than 10 meters.
  • the flexible electrical connection drill string provided by the present invention is aimed at the problem that electrical appliances near the bottom of the well cannot effectively obtain electricity during drilling, logging or formation testing of short-to-extremely short-radius lateral wells , and the problem of obtaining power during lateral drilling of short-very short radius lateral boreholes in deep main boreholes or continued drilling through short-very short radius lateral boreholes or logging or formation testing in said boreholes , through the downhole generator 43 (preferably a turbine generator) connected to the lower end of the drill string in the main wellbore 40 to achieve downhole power generation, and through the electrical line 6 (that is, the electrical line 6) through the highly flexible electrical connection power supply drill
  • the rod achieves the purpose of providing electricity for electrical appliances near the bottom of the well. It enables steerable drilling, logging or formation testing techniques for short-radius or very short-radius lateral wells.
  • the flexible electrical connection drill string also includes a downhole generator 43; the flexible electrical connection drill pipe may be a drill pipe array composed of short sections connected end to end, and the flexible electrical connection drill string may include a plurality of end to end connected drill strings.
  • the flexible electrical connection drill pipe as shown in FIG. 8 , is the flexible electrical connection drill pipe A (the lower end is connected to the drill bit), the flexible electrical connection drill pipe B, and the flexible electrical connection drill pipe C.
  • the downhole generator 43 is arranged above a certain flexible electrical connection drill pipe, and in FIG.
  • the flexible electrical connection drill string can be arranged in the direction of the The near-bottom electrical appliances 27 at the bottom thereof provide electrical energy, and the flexible electrical connection drill string is connected to the drilling rig or lifting equipment at the wellhead through the drill string in the main wellbore 40; the near-bottom electrical appliances are connected to the The sum of the axial lengths of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe is greater than the axial length of the short-extremely short radius branch well; the flexible electrical connection drill pipe includes at least one universal force transmission mechanism 21 .
  • the flexible electrical connection drill pipe includes several flexible electrical connection drill pipes connected in series, the electrical energy needs to pass through the electrical circuit 6 inside each of the flexible electrical connection drill pipes and each The upper electrical connector and the lower electrical connector between the flexible electrical connection drill pipes can be delivered from the downhole generator to the near-bottom electrical appliances.
  • the lower end of the flexible electrical connection drill string is connected with the steering or directional drilling device disclosed in Patent No. CN112267830 and the directional or directional drilling device disclosed in Patent No. CN112267831A, and the upper end is connected with a rotary drive
  • the short-to-very short radius rotary directional drilling is realized by connecting the rotary drive device with the conventional drill string.
  • the drill string for sending drills mainly refers to the drill string responsible for connecting the flexible electrical connection drill string and the wellhead facilities, and the drill string for sending drills does not enter the lateral wellbore during the operation.
  • the upper end of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe is the input end of the rotary drilling power, the end away from the bottom of the well.
  • the downhole generator does not enter the short-radius well section, especially in the process of branch well drilling, the downhole generator is placed on the side of the main wellbore of the branch well fork. The purpose of this is to allow the section between the near-bottom electrical appliance to the uppermost flexible electrical connection drill pipe to achieve sufficient curvature to pass through a short-very short radius wellbore.
  • the flexible electrical connection drill string also includes a signal transmission circuit 25, a signal pickup circuit 24 and a remote transmission device 44, and the signal transmission circuit 25 is arranged on any short section below or at the lower part of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe.
  • the signal transmission circuit 25 can load the information into the electrical circuit 6 through the AC component;
  • the signal pickup circuit 24 is arranged in the flexible electrical connection drill In any short section above or on the upper part of the rod or in an independent short section above the flexible electrical connection drill pipe, the signal pickup circuit 24 can pick up the AC component carrying information on the electrical line 6;
  • the remote control The transmission device 44 is arranged above the flexible electrical connection drill pipe; the electrical connection between the remote transmission device 44 and the signal pickup circuit 24 has achieved the purpose of communicating with the electrical appliances near the bottom of the well through the electrical circuit 6.
  • the remote transmission device 44 can also realize long-distance communication with the wellhead end across the drilling string.
  • the signal pick-up circuit 24 is electrically connected to the remote transmission device 44 , and can convey the information of the electric appliance of the near drill bit to the remote transmission device 44 .
  • the remote transmission device can also realize long-distance communication with the wellhead end across the drilling string.
  • the signal sending circuit and the signal pickup circuit include an FPGA, a single-chip microcomputer, and a DSP chip for controlling the loading of signals. Its specific links are recorded in the literature and patents related to the communication interface board, the underground communication circuit, and the bus communication in the art, and are not repeated in the present invention.
  • the remote transmission device 44 acts as a relay, and transmits the signals of the electrical appliances near the bottom of the well to the wellhead end through the following communication methods. That is, in the branch wellbore 41, the information of the near-bottom electrical appliances is obtained through the electrical circuit 6, and further, the information of the near-bottom electrical appliances is forwarded to the wellhead through the mud pulse wave or sound wave.
  • the remote transmission device 44 includes a mud pulser that realizes communication by means of mud pulses and/or an acoustic remote transmission device that realizes communication by means of sound waves passing through the drill string, and the remote transmission device 44 and the downhole generator 43 are both located in the The flexible electrical connection is above the drill pipe.
  • the remote transmission device 44 and the downhole generator 43 are connected in series with each other.
  • the telemetry device 44 may be located above or below the downhole generator 43 . Since the flexible electrical connection drill pipe is formed by connecting a plurality of the short-section units in series, the single-core bus communication method can maximally simplify the power-on connectors and power-off connections inside each of the flexible electrical connection drill pipes. connector.
  • the invention adopts the single-core bus technology to solve the communication problem in the branch well, which has unique advantages, and can facilitate the series connection of a large number of the flexible electrical connection drill pipes to form a highly flexible power drill dedicated to branch wells with a length of tens to hundreds of meters. column.
  • the teletransmission sub 44 is arranged on the upper end of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe, so as to prevent the pressure wave generated by the mud pulser from damaging the flexible electrical connection drill pipe, and at the same time increase the overall safety and use of the instrument Effect.
  • the teletransmission sub joint 44 does not enter the short radius well section, especially in the lateral well drilling process, the teletransmission sub joint 44 is placed on the side of the main wellbore of the branch well fork. Since the remote transmission sub 44 is generally a mud pulser, a strong pressure pulse will be generated, and then the flexible through-pressurized flow pipe will be damaged by the water hammer pressure. Therefore, the remote transmission sub 44 is arranged on the flexible electrical connection drill pipe.
  • the input end, that is, the teleportation sub 44 for realizing the communication to the wellhead end across the drill string formed by the conventional drill pipe needs to be arranged at the rear of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe (the direction pointed by the drill bit is the front); due to the rotary drilling The process will cause the drill string to collide with the well wall frequently during the rotary drilling process, and the low stiffness characteristics of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe will increase the intensity of drill string vibration and the frequency of instantaneous violent impact, and the strong vibration can reach 10- 50 times the acceleration of gravity, the instantaneous impact can reach 100-500 times the acceleration of gravity.
  • the tele-transmission sub-section is arranged at the input end of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe to lift the
  • the safety and stability of the tool are of great benefit; since any deflection point of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe is a relatively weak link of the flexible electrical connection drill string, the teletransmission sub 44 is arranged on the flexible electrical connection drill string.
  • the input end of the rod is of great benefit in reducing tool drop losses.
  • the present invention can solve the bottleneck problem that hinders the function of the flexible electrical connection drill string and the flexible electrical connection drill pipe by arranging the teletransmission short joint 44 at the input end of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe.
  • a rectifier circuit and an upper filter capacitor 28 are provided on the upper part or the upper end of the electrical circuit 6 which is electrically connected to the drill string, which can rectify and filter the electric energy generated by the downhole generator to provide stable direct current for the electrical circuit 6 .
  • the electrical circuit 6 includes the electrical circuit in each of the flexible electrical connection drill pipes, and the energy of the downhole generator can be powered on through the electrical circuit 6 in each of the flexible electrical connection drill pipes.
  • the connector and lower electrical connector are transmitted to the bottom of the well.
  • the bus is an electrical connection that can transmit electricity and realize communication signal transmission, which is formed by the electrical circuit 6 in each of the flexible electrical connection drill pipes and the upper and lower electrical connectors in each flexible electrical connection drill pipe. line, making it possible to realize long-distance bus communication underground.
  • the flexible electrical connection drill pipe also includes a lower seal 55 and an upper seal 35, which are used to protect the high-pressure drilling fluid in the flow channel from damaging the upper and lower electrical connectors.
  • the conductors in the lower electrical connector and the lower electrical connector are all arranged in an insulating slot frame, or undergo other insulating treatments.
  • the near-bottom electrical device includes a guiding device, and the guiding device is sleeved on the outside of the driving mandrel between the output end of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe and the drill bit or is provided on the flexible electrical connection.
  • the guide short section between the output end of the drill rod and the drill bit is used to push the drill bit to complete its deflection and steering, and the guide device includes a guide control module and a guide actuator.
  • the maximum limit angle of all the flexible electrical connection drill pipes between the guide device and the teletransmission short section 44 is not less than 3°, and the optimum range is 3°-10° to ensure the flexible electrical connection in the present invention.
  • the connecting drill string has sufficient flexibility, but does not cause serious buckling of the flexible electrical connecting drill string due to an excessively large turning angle limit.
  • the preset deflection limit angle between the adjacent flexible electrical connection drill pipes of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe is not greater than 8°, and the limit deflection angle here is the mechanical structural limit of the rotation angle of the power transmission sub-joint for the torque transmission of the drilling pressure.
  • the length of the guide subsection or the flexible electrical connection drill pipe where the guide actuator is located shall not exceed 10 times the diameter of the drill bit; and/or the minimum distance between the deflection centers of the flexible electrical connection drill pipes in the flexible electrical connection drill pipe shall not exceed 10 times the diameter of the drill bit; More than 8 times the diameter of the drill bit, so that the section between the drill bit and the uppermost flexible electrical connection drill pipe can achieve sufficient curvature to complete short-radius well drilling and maximize deflection.
  • shortening the length of each section of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe that is, shortening the distance between the two deflection points, can reduce the The deflection limit for each deflection point.
  • the universal joint used for transmitting rotary drilling power in the flexible electrical connection drill pipe is not damaged.
  • the lower inductor set at the lower part or the lower end of the highly flexible power supply drill string needs to be set downstream of the signal transmission circuit 25, and the upper inductor set at the upper part or the upper end of the highly flexible power supply drill string needs to be set at the lower end of the high flexible power supply drill string.
  • upstream of the signal pickup circuit 24 The downstream refers specifically to the lower part in the bus connection sequence, but not the lower position in space, and the upstream refers specifically to the upper part in the bus connection sequence, but not the upper part in the spatial position.
  • the flexible electrical connection drill string also includes a relay communication device, and the relay communication device includes a downlink command solution module, and the downlink command solution module includes a decoding circuit and a flow velocity sensor and/or a pressure sensor located downhole. and/or drill string rotational speed sensor, the wellhead adjusts the pressure and/or flow rate of the drilling circulating medium and/or the drill string rotational speed according to the received downhole information, and the decoding circuit
  • the information on the change of the flow rate of the drilling circulating medium with time and/or the information on the change of the pressure of the drilling circulating medium with time and/or the information on the change of the drill string speed with time measured by the drill string rotational speed sensor is used to solve the downward steering information, and the downward steering information is calculated.
  • the steering information is transmitted to the steering control module through the flexible electrical connection drill pipe electrical circuit 6; the steering control module controls the steering actuator to perform corresponding steering operations according to the downward steering information. Further, it is possible to drive the long-distance drill pipe to drive the flexible electrical connection drill pipe, further drive the drill bit to break the rock, and generate a controllable deflection force at the drill bit.
  • the wellhead end encodes the downlink instructions in a way that the pressure and/or flow rate of the drilling circulating medium changes with time, and the encoding methods include but are not limited to interval codes, FSK codes, Manchester codes, and Miller codes. Wait.
  • the decoding circuit also adopts the decoding method corresponding to the encoding to realize decoding.
  • the instruction calculation module includes a flow rate sensor and a decoding circuit
  • the flow rate sensor is the turbine of the downhole generator and the turbine rotation speed counting device, and the flow rate of the drilling circulating medium is reversed through the change of the turbine.
  • the instruction settlement module needs to be combined with The guide sub-sections are spaced apart by at least one deflection center, so as to prevent the instruction settlement module from occupying the space of the guide sub-section, and for shortening the length of the guide sub-section.
  • the command solving module includes a pressure sensor and/or a drill string rotational speed sensor, since the sensor occupies a small space, it can be arranged in any sub section in the flexible electrical connection drill string.
  • the optimal configuration of the drill string rotational speed sensor is a gyroscope or a magnetometer, and the gyroscope or magnetometer fixed in the flexible electrical connection drill string can directly measure the rotational speed of the drill string.
  • the well generator includes a downhole turbine generator, the flow rate sensor is the turbine of the downhole turbine generator, and the information on the change of the flow rate of the drilling circulating medium over time is converted by the turbine rotational speed of the downhole turbine generator.
  • the flexible electrical connection drill string further includes a flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe disposed through the through structure, the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe is fixedly connected with the flexible electrical connection drill pipe, and the flexible through-pressure flow pipe is fixedly connected to the flexible electrical connection drill pipe.
  • the inside of the through-pressurized flow pipe is the main channel for the circulation of the drilling circulating medium.
  • the flexible through pressure-bearing flow pipe and the flexible electrical connection drill pipe may be fixed by bolt connection or threaded connection at both ends, and/or close contact at any two or more places.
  • the drilling circulating medium conveyed by the drill pipe will flow through the flexible through-pressurized flow pipe, the pilot sub joint and the drill bit into the annulus and return to the wellhead.
  • the electrical circuit 6 or the electrical circuit 6 with the protective layer of the electrical circuit 6 can be arranged in the main flow of the drilling circulating medium. inside the road
  • the above-mentioned flexible electric connection drill string is used for directional drilling, and according to the target trajectory of the directional well, the drilling angle of the drill bit is adjusted by adjusting the deflection angle of the flexible electric connection drill pipe, and the drilling angle of the drill bit is adjusted by adjusting the deflection angle of the flexible electric connection drill pipe.
  • the relay communication device for synchronously rotating and/or deflecting the flexibly electrically connected drill pipe realizes relay communication between downhole and uphole, thereby realizing trajectory detection and/or trajectory control of directional drilling.
  • one end of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe is connected to the drill bit, and the adjacent flexible electrical connection drill pipe of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe is connected to the drill pipe.
  • the flexible electrical connection drill pipe extends along its axis direction with a through structure, the through structure forms a main channel for the circulation of the drilling circulation medium, and the relay communication device includes a A drill pipe electrical circuit 6 connected to the bottom hole electrical device via a flexible electrical connection, the electrical circuit 6 via a flexible electrical connection is provided inside the flexible electrical connection drill pipe and rotates synchronously and/or synchronously with the flexible electrical connection drill pipe Or deflection;
  • the rotary drive includes a mud motor located in the wellbore, or a turntable located at the wellhead, or a top drive or a rotary drive head.
  • the flexible electrical connection drill pipe can be steered in a rotating state in a short-radius wellbore.
  • the rotary driving head mainly refers to the component that drives the rotation of the drill string in a horizontal drilling rig or other types of directional drilling rigs.
  • the flexible electrical connection drill string is used for drilling a wellbore whose length does not exceed the length of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe.
  • the flexible electrical connection drill string can realize sidetracking by itself and complete the drilling operation of short-radius lateral wells.
  • the cooperation of the anchoring and guiding device is additionally required.
  • the anchoring and guiding device includes an anchor and an introducer. The inclined surface of the device is fixed towards a specific direction, and the window opening operation is further completed on the casing pipe wall through the window opening bit, and the flexible electrical connection drill string is further run to realize the sidetracking of the short-radius branch well.
  • circuits involved in the present invention are all arranged in the pressure-bearing cavity, and are manufactured by using high temperature resistant circuit manufacturing tools, which are attempts in the art, and will not be repeated in the present invention.
  • the upper joint, the lower joint, the upper electrical connector, the lower electrical connector, the upper seal, the lower seal, the conductive part of the upper electrical connector, and the conductive part of the lower electrical connector are used for description
  • the relative positional relationship of the structures included in the flexible electrical connection drill pipe does not represent the placement direction of the flexible electrical connection drill pipe in the wellbore during application. Either end of the flexible electrical connection drill string may face the bottom hole or the well head in the wellbore.

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Abstract

一种柔性电连接钻柱，包括若干段首尾相接的柔性电连接钻杆，电连接钻杆至少包括若干短节单元(1)、下接头(2)、下电连接件(3)、上接头(4)、上电连接件(5)、电气线路(6)；短节单元至少包括一个变角度钻压扭矩传递机构(7)，使柔性电连接钻柱在可偏转的条件下稳定传递钻井动力；短节单元及其内部包含的变角度钻压扭矩传递机构内部设置有贯通结构。该柔性电连接钻柱通过设置钻压传递机构和扭矩传递机构分别实现定向钻井钻具的钻压和扭矩的传输。

Description

一种柔性电连接钻柱 技术领域
本发明涉及钻探技术及石油钻采技术领域，具体是一种柔性电连接钻柱。
背景技术
旋转钻井设备下部钻井工具的组合结构是由连续的金属钻杆或连续的筒状钻铤连接而成。可在旋转钻井过程中实现15°/30米左右的极限造斜率。在短-极短半径井眼中不具有通过性。现有技术中，也有铰接钻柱设计方案可实现短-极短半径钻井，但只能驱动钻头旋转无法实现电连接和通讯，无法为近钻头测量装置提供电力和/或通讯。
本发明重点解决的技术问题在于通过短-极短半径井段驱动定向钻井工具钻探或测量近钻头处地层参数。本发明通过多个可实现电气连接的柔性电连接钻杆串连拼接柔性电连接钻柱，大幅度拓展了柔性电连接钻柱的长度极限，可以轻易地实现柔性电连接钻柱的组合与连接。由于独立的柔性电连接钻杆可以轻易地拆卸，因此大大方便了运输。
发明内容
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种柔性电连接钻柱，其特征在于，包括若干段首尾相接的柔性电连接钻杆，所述柔性电连接钻杆至少包括若干短节单元、下接头、下电连接件、上接头、上电连接件、电气线路；所述短节单元至少包括一个变角度钻压扭矩传递机构，用于可偏转的传递钻井动力；所述短节单元及其内部包含的变角度钻压扭矩传递机构内部设置有贯通结构；
所述电气线路穿射于所述柔性电连接钻杆包含的各个短节单元以及短节内部的变角度钻压扭矩传递机构，所述电气线路与下电连接件和上电连接件电气连接，用于实现柔性电连接钻杆内部的电连接；
在所述柔性电连接钻柱内部，所述上一根柔性电连接钻杆的下接头和下一根柔性电连接钻杆的上接头固定连接；上一根所述柔性电连接钻杆的所述下电连接件和所述下一根所述柔性电连接钻杆的上电连接件电气连接，用于所述柔性电连接钻杆之间的信号传递。
需要说明的是，所述短节单元指的是可实现变角度钻压扭矩传递的功能短节，所述柔性电连接钻杆上的任意短节单元都可以实现。各个短节单元之间可以采用丝扣连接，焊接等任意固定连接的方式。各个短节单元也可通过共用端部的零件实现连接，即位于位于上方的短节单元中靠下端的部件与位于下方的短节单元中的靠上端的部件一体化加工。所述变角度钻 压扭矩传递机构可以是十字轴万向节，其好处在于十字轴万向节不仅可以传递扭力，还可以传递轴向力。所述变角度钻压扭矩传递机构也可以三轴式万向节、球叉式万向节、球笼式万向节。此外，本发明所述电气线路包括输电线路和/或通讯线路。
作为优选，所述变角度传力结构至少包含万向节和/或铰接结构，能用于变角度的传递钻压和/或扭矩。图中所示的是变角度传力机构中的一种情形，由球头21和球座22构成铰接结构，能传递轴向力；由扭矩传递柱状销24限位于扭矩传递槽23中，能传递扭矩；密封件26用于密封，能阻挡环空中的钻井液与柔性传动短节串列内部的钻井液沟通。
进一步地，作为优选，所述变角度钻压扭矩传递机构包含传扭球笼和铰接结构，所述铰接结构用于传递钻压或拉力，所述传扭球笼用于传递扭矩。
进一步地，作为优选，所述短节单元包括钻铤外壳和芯轴，所述变角度钻压扭矩传递机构设于所述钻铤外壳和所述芯轴之间，用于连接所述钻铤外壳和所述芯轴，实现所述钻铤外壳和所述芯轴之间的扭力传递和/或轴向力传递；所述芯轴及所述扭矩传递机构通过所述钻压传递机构内套并坐接在所述钻铤外壳内部，所述芯轴远离所述扭矩传递机构的一端伸出所述钻铤外壳并与相邻钻井单元的钻铤外壳固定连接，所述扭矩传递机构包括球笼式万向节，所述球笼式万向节与所述钻压传递机构相互配合带动所述芯轴的轴线相对所述钻铤外壳的轴线产生偏转角度。需要说明的是，所述短节单元的芯轴和邻近短节单元的钻铤外壳可以一体化加工。所述短节单元仅描述其作用和功能，各个短节单元之间可以采用任意方式固定连接。
进一步地，所述短节单元包括钻铤外壳和芯轴，所述短节单元的芯轴和所述位于上方的短节单元的钻铤外壳作为一个整体零部件，采用一体化加工的方式进行加工。所述芯轴由位于上方的所述短节单元的钻铤外壳下端向下延伸并插入设置于所述短节单元的钻铤外壳中并与所述短节单元的钻铤外壳形成独立的环状空间。所述变角度钻压扭矩传递机构设于所述钻铤外壳和所述芯轴之间的环状空间内。所述芯轴及所述扭矩传递机构通过所述钻压传递机构连接于所述钻铤外壳内部。其好处在于，将所述上一节短节单元的钻铤外壳和下一节短节单元的芯轴作为一个整体零部件进行加工时可以最大限度缩短短节单元的长度。本发明采用的设计方式避免了通过丝扣连接、螺纹连接、焊接、栓接、插接等方式实现连接，可以使柔性电连接钻杆的整体强度得到更好的保障并最大限度的缩短每一节短节单元的长度，在各个短节单元间偏转角度相近似的情况通过更高曲率的井眼。
进一步地，作为优选，所述钻压传递机构至少包括用于承受轴向拉力和/或压力的第一对滑移面和第二对滑移面，所述第一对滑移面和第二对滑移面的相对滑移面相互贴合并能够错位滑移，且所述第一对滑移面和第二对滑移面的形心与所述球笼式万向节的中心重合，使得钻压能够经所述芯轴越过所述球笼式万向节传递到所述钻铤外壳。
进一步地，作为优选，所述球笼式万向节为球笼式等速万向节，其钢球的球心到所述球笼式等速万向节中心的距离小于所述第一对滑移面和第二对滑移面到所述球笼式等速万向节中心的距离。
进一步地，作为优选，沿所述钻压传递机构、扭矩传递机构和芯轴的轴线方向开有贯孔，所述贯孔组成供钻井循环介质流通的主流道。
进一步地，作为优选，所述芯轴内部设置有电气线路容置孔或槽；所述钻压传递机构、扭矩传递机构和芯轴的贯孔之间存在间隙的位置，设有柔性跨接桥，所述柔性跨接桥设于所述电气线路容置孔或槽内，且其两端并分别固定连接于所述钻压传递机构、扭矩传递机构和芯轴的相邻电气线路容置孔或槽内，其好处在于，电气线路被容线槽或孔约束于柔性电连接钻杆内部，随柔性电连接钻杆旋转，可以有效地保护电气线路不被损伤和破坏。
进一步地，作为优选，所述柔性电连接钻杆内部设置有贯穿管，所述管用于固定电气线路，所述电气线路固定设置于所述贯穿管的内部或外侧，所述贯穿管的一端延伸至所述贯穿管所在的所述柔性电连接钻杆的最上方的短节单元，所述贯穿管的另一端延伸至所述贯穿管所在的所述柔性电连接钻杆最下方的短节单元，用于实现电气线路与其所在的所述柔性电连接钻杆的上电连接件和下电连接件电气连接，其好处在于电气线路被固定连接于柔性电连接钻杆内部，随柔性电连接钻杆旋转，可以有效地保护电气线路不被损伤和破坏。
进一步地，作为优选，贯穿管设置于所述短节单元所包含的贯通结构的内部，并与所述贯通结构形成流道；
当所述电气线路设置于所述贯穿管内部时，所述贯穿管与贯通结构形成的环形空间构成钻井循环介质的流道，当所述电气线路设置于所述贯穿管与贯通结构形成的环形空间内时，所述贯穿管内部空间用于形成流道。
进一步地，作为优选，所述上电连接件至少包括上电连接导电部和上电连接绝缘部，所述下电连接件至少包括下电连接导电部和下电连接绝缘部；位于下方的所述柔性电连接钻杆的所述上电连接件的上电连接导电部和位于上方的所述柔性电连接钻杆的所述下电连接件的下电连接导电部相互抵接，用于传递信号和/或电力；位于下方的所述柔性电连接钻杆的所述上电连接件的上电连接绝缘部和位于上方的所述柔性电连接钻杆的所述下电连接件的上电连接绝缘部相互抵接或预设较小的间隙，用于防止导电部漏电或减缓导电部漏电；
所述上电连接件与下电连接件中任意一方或两方至少包括一道密封圈，密封圈设置于位于下方的所述柔性电连接钻杆的上电连接件与位于上方的所述柔性电连接钻杆的下电连接件的插入间隙内，用于防止钻井循环介质渗透通过绝缘部，导致导电部漏电、进入污物或密封压力。其中密封圈的设置位置在上电连接件与下电连接件的插入间隙的靠钻井循环介质一侧， 即设置于钻井循环介质流经上电连接件与下电连接件插入间隙接触导电部的路径上。
进一步的，所述芯轴外侧设置有限位结构，所述限位结构设置于所述短节单元的钻铤外壳内部并与所述芯轴一同插设于所述短节单元钻铤外壳内，所述限位结构外直径小于所述钻铤外壳内直径，使芯轴的可以在下一节短节单元内部具有一定活动空间，便于滑移面的滑动和/或万向节的运动，以保障短节单元可以实现变角度传递钻压扭矩传递的功能。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明通过设于所述钻铤外壳和所述芯轴之间相互独立设置的钻压传递机构和扭矩传递机构分别实现定向钻井钻具的钻压和扭矩的传输，且通过承压密封管保护所述钻铤外壳和所述芯轴不受钻井循环介质的侵蚀和破坏，同时还能在一定程度上保持相邻驱动钻杆的同轴特性，实现高造斜率的旋转定向钻井的同时降低了旋转钻井过程中井斜控制的难度，增加了设备的可靠性和造斜稳定性。
附图说明
图1为柔性电连接钻柱一实施方式的结构示意图；
图2为图1所示柔性电连接钻柱的结构示意图；
图3为柔性电连接钻柱另一实施方式的结构示意图；
图4为柔性电连接钻柱再一实施方式的结构示意图；
图5为图1所示柔性电连接钻柱的局部详图；
图6为图3所示柔性电连接钻柱的局部详图；
图7为图4所示柔性电连接钻柱的局部详图；
图8为柔性电连接钻柱的应用场景图和应用时的结构示意图；
图9为柔性电连接钻柱与近井底用电器的连接示意图；
图10为柔性电连接钻柱与井下发电机的连接示意图。
图中：1-短节单元；2-下接头；3-下电连接件；4-上接头；5-上电连接件；6-电气线路；7-变角度钻压扭矩传递机构；8-传扭球笼；9-铰接结构；10-钻铤外壳；11-芯轴；12-第一对滑移面；13-第二对滑移面；14-容置槽；15-柔性跨接桥；16-贯穿管；21-万向传力机构，22-限位结构；24-信号拾取电路；25-信号发送电路；27-近井底用电器；28-上滤波电容；29-下电容；31-下电连接导电部；32-下电连接绝缘部；33-上密封件；40-主井眼；41--分支井眼；43-井下发电机；44-泥浆脉冲器；51-上电连接导电部；52-上电连接绝缘部；53-下密封件。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本实施例：本发明提供一种技术方案：一种柔性电连接钻柱，包括若干段首尾相接的柔性电连接钻杆，所述柔性电连接钻杆至少包括若干短节单元1、下接头2、下电连接件3、上接头4、上电连接件5、电气线路6；所述短节单元1至少包括一个变角度钻压扭矩传递机构7，用于可偏转的传递钻井动力；所述短节单元1及其内部包含的变角度钻压扭矩传递机构7内部设置有贯通结构；所述电气线路6穿射于所述柔性电连接钻杆包含的各个短节单元1以及短节内部的变角度钻压扭矩传递机构7，所述电气线路6与下电连接件3和上电连接件5电气连接，用于实现柔性电连接钻杆内部的电连接；所述下方柔性电连接钻杆的下接头2和上方柔性电连接钻杆的上接头4固定连接；在所述柔性电连接钻柱内部，上一根所述柔性电连接钻杆的所述下电连接件3和所述下一根所述柔性电连接钻杆的上电连接件5电气连接，用于所述柔性电连接钻杆之间的信号传递；以适应短-极短半径井段的高曲率传递钻井动力；所述柔性电连接钻柱的长度需大于所述短-极短半径井段的长度，以便在短-极短半径内部为钻头提供旋转钻井动力，并为近钻头电子设备提供电力和/或通讯连接。
变角度钻压扭矩传递机构7包含传扭球笼8和铰接结构9，所述铰接结构9用于传递钻压或拉力，所述传扭球笼8用于传递扭矩，用于将所述柔性电连接钻柱需要传导的钻压和扭矩分开传递。
短节单元1包括钻铤外壳10和芯轴11，所述变角度钻压扭矩传递机构7设于所述钻铤外壳10和所述芯轴11之间，用于连接所述钻铤外壳10和所述芯轴11；所述变角度钻压扭矩传递机构7包括扭矩传递机构(如传扭球笼8)和钻压传递机构(如铰接结构9)，所述芯轴11及所述扭矩传递机构通过所述钻压传递机构内套并坐接在所述钻铤外壳10内部，所述芯轴11远离所述扭矩传递机构的一端伸出所述钻铤外壳10并与相邻钻井单元的钻铤外壳10固定连接，所述扭矩传递机构包括球笼式万向节，所述球笼式万向节与所述钻压传递机构相互配合带动所述芯轴11的轴线相对所述钻铤外壳10的轴线产生(不超过8°的)偏转角度(即所述球笼式万向节两端的极限偏转角度不超过8°，即所述芯轴的轴线相对所述钻铤外壳的轴线能够产生的最大偏转角度不超过8°)。所述钻压传递机构至少包括用于承受轴向拉力和/或压力的第一对滑移面12和第二对滑移面13，所述第一对滑移面12和第二对滑移面13的相对滑移面相互贴合并能够错位滑移，且所述第一对滑移面12和第二对滑移面13的形 心与所述球笼式万向节的中心重合，使得钻压能够经所述芯轴11越过所述球笼式万向节传递到所述钻铤外壳10，滑移面用于承受所述柔性电连接钻柱中的包括钻压和拉力在内的轴向力，使所述万向节的钢球尽可能的不承受钻压，大大增加了万向节钢球的寿命，减小了扭矩波动，避免钻柱振动以及共振对所述柔性电连接钻柱前端或所述柔性电连接钻柱中任意位置串接的近钻头电气装置产生破坏作用。
所述球笼式万向节为球笼式等速万向节，其钢球的球心到所述球笼式等速万向节中心的距离小于所述第一对滑移面12和第二对滑移面13到所述球笼式等速万向节中心的距离。
沿所述变角度钻压扭矩传递机构7和芯轴11的轴线方向开有贯孔，所述贯孔组成供钻井循环介质流通的主流道。
如图3和图6所示的一种柔性电连接钻杆，所述芯轴内部设置有电气线路容置孔或槽14；所述变角度钻压扭矩传递机构7和芯轴11的贯孔之间存在间隙的位置，设有柔性跨接桥15，所述柔性跨接桥15设于所述电气线路6容置孔或槽内，且其两端并分别固定连接于所述变角度钻压扭矩传递机构7和芯轴11的相邻电气线路6容置孔或槽内，用于避免电气线路被所述间隙夹坏或者磨损，使电气线路平稳的从所述间隙的一侧穿越至所述间隙的另外一侧。所述跨接桥架包括但不限于具有弹性或挠性的金属管或者其他任意可以容置线缆通过间隙的弹性或挠性结构，所述容置孔或槽14可以是环形槽、方形槽或其他形状的槽。
如图4和图7所示的一种柔性电连接钻杆，所述柔性电连接钻杆内部设置有贯穿管16，所述管用于固定电气线路6，所述电气线路6固定设置于所述贯穿管的内部或外侧，所述贯穿管的一端延伸至所述贯穿管所在的所述柔性电连接钻杆的最上方的短节单元1，所述贯穿管的另一端延伸至所述贯穿管所在的所述柔性电连接钻杆最下方的短节单元1，用于实现电气线路6与其所在的所述柔性电连接钻杆的上电连接件5和下电连接件3电气连接；其中贯穿管可以是任意材料制成的管材，例如金属管、碳纤维管、橡胶管或者复合材料管等。
如图1和图5中所示的一种柔性电连接钻杆，贯穿管16设置于所述短节单元1所包含的贯通结构的内部，并与所述贯通结构形成流道；当所述电气线路6设置于所述贯穿管内部时，所述贯穿管16与贯通结构形成的环形空间构成钻井循环介质的流道；如图4和图7中所示的一种柔性电连接钻杆，当所述电气线路6设置于所述贯穿管与贯通结构形成的环形空间20内时，所述贯穿管内部空间21用于形成流道。
上电连接件5至少包括上电连接导电部51和上电连接绝缘部52，所述下电连接件3至少包括下电连接导电部31和下电连接绝缘部32；位于下方的所述柔性电连接钻杆的所述上电连接件的上电连接导电部和位于上方的所述柔性电连接钻杆的所述下电连接件的下电连接导电部相互抵接，用于传递信号和/或电力；位于下方的所述柔性电连接钻杆的所述上电连接 件5的上电连接绝缘部52和位于上方的所述柔性电连接钻杆的所述下电连接件3的上电连接绝缘部52相互抵接或预设较小的间隙，用于防止导电部漏电或减缓导电部漏电；上电连接件5与下电连接件3中任意一方或两方至少包括一道密封圈，密封圈设置于位于下方的所述柔性电连接钻杆的上电连接件5与位于上方的所述柔性电连接钻杆的下电连接件3的插入间隙内，用于防止钻井循环介质渗透通过绝缘部，导致导电部漏电、进入污物或密封压力。
在具体实施时，本发明由若干段柔性电连接钻杆首尾相接组成柔性电连接钻柱，通过设于钻铤外壳和所述芯轴之间相互独立设置的钻压传递机构和扭矩传递机构分别实现定向钻井钻具的钻压和扭矩的传输，且通过承压密封管保护所述钻铤外壳和所述芯轴不受钻井循环介质的侵蚀和破坏。
在现有的钻完井工程领域，能够在可控轨迹条件下完成的井眼的造斜率一般不超过15°/30米。一般的旋转导向造斜能力在6°/30米左右，目前国际最先进的斯伦贝谢公司的最短半径定向导向仅能达到15°/30米，在小井眼中最也不超过18°/30米。然而在短-超短半径分支井领域中，由于无法为近井底处的钻井、测井或地层测试设备中的用电器提供电力，大大限制了短-极短半径分支井的钻井、测井或地层测试技术的发展。另外，在深度大的主井眼中侧向钻探短-极短半径分支井眼或通过短-极短半径分支井眼继续钻探或在上述分支井眼中测井或进行地层测试的过程中，也需要便捷廉价的供电方式。本发明中描述的极短半径是指曲率半径小于10米的范围。极短半径分支钻井是指钻探曲率半径小于10米的分支井段或通过曲率半径小于10米的分支井段继续钻探。
本发明提供的柔性电连接钻柱，如图8-10所示，针对短-极短半径分支井的钻井、测井或地层测试过程中，近井底处的用电器无法有效获得电力的问题，以及在深度大的主井眼中侧向钻探短-极短半径分支井眼或通过短-极短半径分支井眼继续钻探或在上述井眼中测井或进行地层测试的过程中获得电力的问题，通过主井眼40中的钻柱下端连接的井下发电机43(优选为涡轮发电机)实现井下发电，并通过穿设电气线路6(也即为电气线路6)的高柔性电连接供电钻杆达到为近井底用电器提供电力的目的。使短半径或极短半径分支井的导向钻井、测井或地层测试技术成为可能。
所述柔性电连接钻柱还包括井下发电机43；柔性电连接钻杆可为首尾相接的短节单元组成的钻杆阵列，所述柔性电连接钻柱可包括多个首尾相接的所述柔性电连接钻杆，如图8所示的柔性电连接钻杆A(下端连接钻头)、柔性电连接钻杆B和柔性电连接钻杆C。所述井下发电机43设置于某一个柔性电连接钻杆的上方，图8中设于所示柔性电连接钻杆A、B、C整体的上方；所述柔性电连接钻柱能向设置于其下部的近井底用电器27提供电能，所述柔性电连接钻柱通过主井眼40中的送钻钻柱实现与井口处钻机或提升设备的连接；所述近井底 用电器与所述柔性电连接钻杆的轴线长度之和大于所述短-极短半径分支井的轴线长度；所述柔性电连接钻杆中至少包含一个万向传力机构21。
需要说明的是，当所述柔性电连接钻杆包括若干根串连的所述柔性电连接钻杆时，所述电能需要经过各个所述柔性电连接钻杆内部的所述电气线路6以及各个所述柔性电连接钻杆之间的所述上电连接件和所述下电连接件才可以从井下发电机输送给近井底用电器。在短半径-极短半径分支井钻井过程中，所述柔性电连接钻柱下端连接有如专利号CN112267830公开的导向或定向钻井装置、专利号CN112267831A中公开的定向或导向钻井装置，上端连接旋转驱动装置或者通过常规钻柱连接旋转驱动装置实现短-极短半径旋转定向钻井。送钻钻柱主要指负责连接所述柔性电连接钻柱与井口设施的钻柱，所述送钻钻柱在作业过程中不进入分支井眼。钻井作业时，所述柔性电连接钻杆上端即为旋转钻井动力的输入端，远离井底的一端。钻井过程中，所述井下发电机不进入短半径井段，尤其是在分支井钻探过程中，所述井下发电机置于分支井岔口主井眼一侧。其目的在于使得近井底用电器至最上端的柔性电连接钻杆间的区段可以达到足够的曲率以通过短-极短半径井眼。
进一步的，所述柔性电连接钻柱还包括信号发送电路25、信号拾取电路24和遥传装置44，所述信号发送电路25设置于所述柔性电连接钻杆的下方或下部的任意短节内或设置于所述柔性电连接钻杆下方的独立短节中，所述信号发送电路25可以将信息通过交流分量载入电气线路6；所述信号拾取电路24设置于所述柔性电连接钻杆的上方或上部的任意短节内或设置于所述柔性电连接钻杆上方的独立短节中，所述信号拾取电路24可以拾取电气线路6上的载有信息的交流分量；所述遥传装置44设置于所述柔性电连接钻杆的上方；所述遥传装置44与信号拾取电路24电连接已达到通过所述电气线路6与近井底用电器实现通讯的目的，此外，所述遥传装置44还能与井口端实现跨越送钻钻柱的远距离通讯。所述信号拾取电路24与所述遥传装置44电连接，能将近钻头用电器的信息转达给遥传装置44。此外，所述遥传装置还能与井口端实现跨越送钻钻柱的远距离通讯。
所述信号发送电路和信号拾取电路中包括FPGA、单片机、DSP芯片用于控制信号的加载。其具体环节在本领域有关通讯接口板、井下通讯电路、总线通讯相关的文献及专利中均有记载，本发明中不再赘述。
所述遥传装置44作为中继，将近井底用电器的信号通过下述通讯方式传递给井口端。即在分支井眼41中通过电气线路6获取近井底用电器的信息，进一步的通过泥浆脉冲波或者声波将近井底用电器的信息转发给井口端。另外，所述遥传装置44包括依靠泥浆脉冲实现通讯的泥浆脉冲器和/或依靠过钻柱声波实现通讯的声学遥传装置，所述遥传装置44与所述井下发电机43均位于所述柔性电连接钻杆的上方，然而由于所述遥传装置44和所述井下发电机 43均不进入分支井段，因此，所述遥传装置44和所述井下发电机43相互串连，所述遥传装置44可以位于所述井下发电机43的上方或下方。由于所述柔性电连接钻杆由若干根所述短节单元串连而成，采用单芯总线的通讯方式可以最大限度地简化各个所述柔性电连接钻杆内部的上电连接件和下电连接件。由于各个柔性电连接钻杆之间最佳的连接方式是螺纹连接，连接过程中需要旋转，这也就导致了上电连接件和下电连接件最好的连接方式是单线滑环连接，因此，本发明采用单芯总线技术解决分支井内通讯难题具有独特的优势，可以方便大量的所述柔性电连接钻杆串连，形成几十米-几百米长的分支井专用的高柔性供电钻柱。
作为优选，所述遥传短节44设置于所述柔性电连接钻杆的上端，用于避免泥浆脉冲器产生的压力波破坏所述柔性电连接钻杆，同时增加仪器的整体安全性和使用效果。钻井过程中，所述遥传短节44不进入短半径井段，尤其是在分支井钻探过程中，所述遥传短节44置于分支井岔口主井眼一侧。由于遥传短节44一般为泥浆脉冲器，会产生较强的压力脉冲，进而使得柔性贯通承压流管遭到水击压力的破坏，因此将遥传短节44设置于柔性电连接钻杆的输入端，即用于跨越常规钻杆形成的钻柱实现对井口端的通讯的所述遥传短节44需要设置于柔性电连接钻杆的后方(钻头所指方向为前)；由于旋转钻井过程会使得钻柱在旋转钻井过程中与井壁发生频繁磕碰，柔性电连接钻杆的低刚度特性会加剧钻柱振动的烈度和瞬时剧烈撞击发生的频率，所述强烈的振动可达10-50倍重力加速度，所述瞬时撞击可达到100-500倍重力加速度。因此，为有效保证遥传短节44与井口端的通讯质量，以及遥传短节44中的电气零部件的稳定性，将遥传短节的设置于柔性电连接钻杆的输入端具对提升工具安全性和稳定性有极大的好处；由于柔性电连接钻杆的任何一个偏转点均为所述柔性电连接钻柱的相对薄弱环节，因此将遥传短节44设置于柔性电连接钻杆的输入端对减小工具的落井损失有着极大和好处。本发明通过将遥传短节44设置于柔性电连接钻杆的输入端可解决阻碍所述柔性电连接钻柱及其柔性电连接钻杆发挥作用的瓶颈问题。在柔性电连接钻杆和遥传短节44间设置少量钻杆、或在遥传短节44与常规钻柱间设置少量柔性电连接钻杆等设计，均不脱离本发明的设计初衷，也属于本发明的保护范围。
进一步的，所述种柔性电连接钻柱的电气线路6上部或上端设置有整流电路和上滤波电容28，能将井下发电机发出的电能经整流后滤波，为电气线路6提供稳定的直流电。
所述电气线路6包括各个所述柔性电连接钻杆中的电气线路，井下发电机的能量可以通过各个所述柔性电连接钻杆中的电气线路6经由各个柔性电连接钻杆中的上电连接件和下电连接件传输至井底。其好处在于，经过滤波后的直流电较为稳定，使实现井下长距离总线通讯成为可能。
进一步的，所述电气线路6下部或下端设置有整流电路和下电容29。可最大限度的减小 用电器功率不平稳对总线电压的影响。所述总线即为各个所述柔性电连接钻杆中的电气线路6和各个柔性电连接钻杆中的上电连接件和下电连接件构成的既能输电又能实现通讯信号传递的电连接线路，使实现井下长距离总线通讯成为可能。
进一步的，所述柔性电连接钻杆还包括下密封件55和上密封件35，用于保护流道内的高压钻井液不会损害上电连接件和下电连接件，所述上电连接件和下电连接件中的导电体均设置于绝缘的槽架中，或经过其他绝缘处理。
进一步的，所述近井底电气装置包括导向装置，所述导向装置套设于所述柔性电连接钻杆的输出端与所述钻头之间的驱动芯轴外侧或设于所述柔性电连接钻杆的输出端与所述钻头之间的导向短节内，用于推动钻头完成其偏转导向，所述导向装置包括导向控制模块和导向执行器。所述导向装置与所述遥传短节44之间的全部柔性电连接钻杆的最大限位角度不小于3°，其最佳范围是3°-10°，以确保本发明中的柔性电连接钻柱具有足够的柔性，但又不至于因转角极限过大而导致所述柔性电连接钻柱屈曲严重。
作为优选，所述柔性电连接钻杆的相邻柔性电连接钻杆之间的预设偏转极限角度不大于8°，这里的极限偏转角是钻压扭矩传递动力传递短节转角的机械结构极限，以防止柔性电连接钻杆中的柔性电连接钻杆在钻压扭矩传递过程中过度屈曲，进而妨碍钻压扭矩传递，以及防止损害经柔性电连接钻杆电气线路6；和/或所述导向执行器所在的导向短节或柔性电连接钻杆的长度不超过钻头直径的10倍；和/或所述柔性电连接钻杆中各个柔性电连接钻杆的偏转中心之间的最小距离不得超过钻头直径的8倍，以便于钻头到最上端的柔性电连接钻杆间的区段可以达到足够的曲率以完成短半径井钻探，最大限度实现造斜。
此外，在同样的造斜性能条件下，或者同样的高曲率井眼通过性的条件下，缩短每一节柔性电连接钻杆的长度，即缩短两个偏转点之间的距离，就可以缩小每一个偏转点的偏转极限。以达到保护柔性电连接钻杆不受到损害并减小井下振动的作用。尤其是保护柔性电连接钻杆中用于传递旋转钻井动力的万向节不受到损害。
进一步的，为了防止电容或其他电力电子装置将所述信号发送电路发送的信号吸收，需要在总线的下部和/或总线的上部设置电感，所述电感可以有效防止信号发送电路发送的信号被吸收。
一般情况下，设置于所述高柔性供电钻柱下部或下端的下电感需要设置于所述信号发送电路25的下游，设置于所述高柔性供电钻柱上部或上端的上电感需要设置于所述信号拾取电路24的上游。所述下游特指在总线连接顺序中的下方，而非空间位置的下方，所述上游特指在总线连接顺序中的上方，而非空间位置的上方。
进一步的，所述柔性电连接钻柱还包括接力通讯装置，所述接力通讯装置包括下行指令 解算模块，所述下行指令解算模块包括解码电路和设于井下的流速传感器和/或压力传感器和/或钻柱转速传感器，井口端根据接收到的井下信息调整钻井循环介质的压力和/或流量和/或钻柱转速，所述解码电路根据所述流速传感器和/或压力传感器和/或钻柱转速传感器测得的钻井循环介质的流速随时间的变化信息和/或钻井循环介质的压力随时间的变化信息和/或钻柱转速随时间的变化信息解算下行导向信息，并将下行导向信息通过经柔性电连接钻杆电气线路6传递给导向控制模块；所述导向控制模块根据所述下行导向信息控制所述导向执行器进行相应导向操作。进而使长距离钻杆驱动柔性电连接钻杆，并进一步的驱动钻头破岩，以及在钻头处产生可控的造斜力成为可能。所述井口端将下传指令编码后以钻井循环介质的压力和/或流量随时间变化的方式实现指令下传，所述编码方式包括但不限于间隔码、FSK码、曼彻斯特码、密勒码等。所述解码电路，也采用对应编码的解码方法实现解码。当所述指令解算模块包括流速传感器和解码电路时，所述流速传感器为井下发电机的涡轮和涡轮转速计数装置，通过涡轮的变化反演钻井循环介质的流量，所述指令结算模块需要与导向短节至少间隔一个偏转中心，以免所述指令结算模块占用导向短节的空间，用于缩短导向短节的长度。当所述指令解算模块包括压力传感器和/或钻柱转速传感器时，由于传感器占用空间小，因此可以设置于所述柔性电连接钻柱中的任何短节中。所述钻柱转速传感器的最佳配置为陀螺仪或磁力计，所述固定设置于所述柔性电连接钻柱中的陀螺仪或磁力计可以直接测量钻柱的转速。所述井发电机包括井下涡轮发电机，所述流速传感器即为所述井下涡轮发电机的涡轮，所述钻井循环介质的流速随时间的变化信息通过所述井下涡轮发电机的涡轮转速换算而来。
进一步的，所述柔性电连接钻柱还包括从所述贯通结构内部贯通设置的柔性贯通承压流管，所述柔性贯通承压流管与所述柔性电连接钻杆固定连接，所述柔性贯通承压流管的内部为供钻井循环介质流通的主流道。所述柔性贯通承压流管与所述柔性电连接钻杆的固定方式可以是两端螺栓连接或螺纹连接，和/或任意两处以上紧密贴合。一般情况下，由钻杆输送的钻井循环介质会流经柔性贯通承压流管、导向短节和钻头进入环空中并返回井口。
需要说明的是，在柔性电连接钻杆长度较短或者泥浆流量较低时，电气线路6或带有所述电气线路6保护层的所述电气线路6可以设于所述钻井循环介质的主流道内；
具体实施过程中，使用上述柔性电连接钻柱进行定向钻井，根据所述定向井的目标轨迹，通过调整所述柔性电连接钻杆的偏转角度调整所述钻头的钻井角度，并通过与所述柔性电连接钻杆同步旋转和/或偏转的所述接力通讯装置实现井下与井上的接力通讯，进而实现定向钻井的轨迹检测和/或轨迹控制。
采用本发明所述的高柔性供电钻柱实时短-极短半径分支钻井过程中，所述柔性电连接钻杆一端连接所述钻头、所述柔性电连接钻杆的相邻柔性电连接钻杆之间具有预设偏转极限角 度，且所述柔性电连接钻杆沿其轴线方向延伸有贯通结构，所述贯通结构形成供钻井循环介质流通的主流道，所述接力通讯装置包括与所述近井底电气装置相连的经柔性电连接钻杆电气线路6，所述经柔性电连接钻杆电气线路6设于所述柔性电连接钻杆内部且与所述柔性电连接钻杆同步旋转和/或偏转；所述旋转驱动装置包括位于井眼中的泥浆马达，或位于井口处的转盘、或顶部驱动或旋转驱动头。可实现柔性电连接钻杆在短半径井眼中以旋转状态导向。这种条件下，由于柔性电连接钻杆在定向钻井过程中大体上是旋转的，因此摩擦力的主要力的分量为万向节阵列的圆周切线方向，大幅度降低了轴向的摩擦力，使得超短半径井眼中的轨迹控制得以实现。需要说明的是，所述旋转驱动头主要指水平钻机或其他类型的定向钻机中驱动钻柱旋转的部件。所述柔性电连接钻柱用于钻探长度不超过柔性电连接钻杆长度的井眼。
在裸眼井实时本发明的条件下，所述柔性电连接钻柱可以自行实现侧钻并完成短半径分支井钻井作业。在套管井中，另外需要锚定导引装置的配合，所述锚定导引装置包括锚定器和导引器，锚定器通过卡瓦卡住主井眼中的套管内壁，将导引器斜面朝向特定方向固定，进一步的通过开窗钻头在套管管壁上完成开窗作业，进一步的下入所述柔性电连接钻柱，实现短半径分支井的侧钻。
需要注意的是，本发明中涉及的电路均设置于承压的空腔内，采用耐高温电路制作工具制造，均属于本领域的尝试，本发明不再赘述。
所述柔性电连接钻杆的内部的上接头、下接头、上电连接件、下电连接件、上密封件、下密封件、上电连接件导电部、下电连接件导电部用于描述所述柔性电连接钻杆所包含的结构的相对位置关系，不代表应用时所述柔性电连接钻柱在井眼内的摆放方向。所述柔性电连接钻柱的任意一端在井眼中可以朝向井底或井口。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定，本发明中所述“位于上方”、“位于下方”、“输出端”、“输入端”或其他表达位置关系的词语仅为本发明中更好描述各个结构的相对位置关系，并不代表钻井过程中本发明的任意组成部分位于绝对位置的上方或者下方。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种柔性电连接钻柱，其特征在于，包括若干段首尾相接的柔性电连接钻杆，所述柔性电连接钻杆至少包括若干短节单元(1)、下接头(2)、下电连接件(3)、上接头(4)、上电连接件(5)、电气线路(6)；所述短节单元(1)至少包括一个变角度钻压扭矩传递机构(7)，用于使所述柔性电连接钻柱在偏转条件下稳定传递钻井动力；所述短节单元(1)内部设置有贯通结构；
    所述电气线路(6)穿越设置于所述柔性电连接钻杆包含的各个短节单元(1)以及短节内部的变角度钻压扭矩传递机构(7)，所述电气线路(6)与下电连接件(3)和上电连接件(5)电连接，用于实现柔性电连接钻杆内部的电连接；所述上一根柔性电连接钻杆的下接头(2)和下一根柔性电连接钻杆的上接头(4)固定连接；
    上一根所述柔性电连接钻杆的所述下电连接件(3)和所述下一根所述柔性电连接钻杆的上电连接件(5)电连接，用于所述柔性电连接钻杆之间的电能和/或信号传递。
  2. 如权利要求1中所述柔性电连接钻柱，其特征在于，所述变角度钻压扭矩传递机构(7)包含传扭球笼(8)和铰接结构(9)，所述铰接结构用于传递钻压或拉力，所述传扭球笼(8)用于传递扭矩。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述柔性电连接钻柱，其特征在于，所述短节单元(1)包括钻铤外壳(10)和芯轴(11)，所述变角度钻压扭矩传递机构(7)设于所述钻铤外壳(10)和所述芯轴(11)之间，用于连接所述钻铤外壳(10)和所述芯轴(11)；所述芯轴(11)及所述扭矩传递机构(7)通过所述钻压传递机构连接于所述钻铤外壳(10)内部，所述芯轴(11)远离所述扭矩传递机构(7)的一端伸出所述钻铤外壳(10)并与相邻钻井单元的钻铤外壳(10)固定连接，所述扭矩传递机构(7)包括球笼式万向节，所述球笼式万向节与所述钻压传递机构相互配合带动所述芯轴(11)的轴线相对所述钻铤外壳(10)的轴线产生偏转角度。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述柔性电连接钻杆，其特征在于，所述短节单元(1)包括钻铤外壳(10)和芯轴(11)，所述短节单元的芯轴(11)和所述临近短节单元的钻铤外壳(10)为一体加工的零部件，所述芯轴由临近的所述短节单元(1)的钻铤外壳下端向下延伸并插入设置于所述短节单元(1)的钻铤外壳(10)中并与所述短节单元(1)的钻铤外壳形成独立的环状空间；
    所述变角度钻压扭矩传递机构(7)设于所述钻铤外壳(10)和所述芯轴(11)之间的环状空间内；所述芯轴(11)及所述扭矩传递机构(7)通过所述钻压传递机构连接于所述钻铤外壳(10)内部。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任意一项所述柔性电连接钻柱，其特征在于，所述钻压传递机构至少包括用于承受轴向拉力和/或压力的第一对滑移面(12)和第二对滑移面(13)，所述第 一对滑移面(12)和第二对滑移面(13)的相对滑移面相互贴合并能够错位滑移，且所述第一对滑移面(12)和第二对滑移面(13)的形心与所述球笼式万向节的中心重合，用于实现所述芯轴(11)和所述钻铤外壳(10)间的钻压和/或扭矩传递。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中所述的任意一项所述柔性电连接钻柱，其特征在于，所述球笼式万向节为球笼式等速万向节，其钢球的球心到所述球笼式等速万向节中心的距离小于所述第一对滑移面(12)和第二对滑移面(13)到所述球笼式等速万向节中心的距离。
  7. 根据权利要求1-4中任意一项所述柔性电连接钻柱，其特征在于，沿所述钻压传递机构、扭矩传递机构(7)和芯轴(11)的轴线方向开有贯孔，所述贯孔组成供钻井循环介质流通的主流道。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述柔性电连接钻柱，其特征在于，所述芯轴内部设置有电气线路容置孔或槽(14)；所述钻压传递机构、扭矩传递机构(7)和芯轴(11)的贯孔之间存在间隙的位置，设有柔性跨接桥(15)，所述柔性跨接桥(15)设于所述电气线路(6)容置孔或槽内，且其两端并分别固定连接于所述钻压传递机构、扭矩传递机构(7)和芯轴(11)的相邻电气线路(6)容置孔或槽内。
  9. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述柔性电连接钻柱，其特征在于，所述柔性电连接钻杆内部设置有贯穿管(16)，所述管用于固定电气线路(6)，所述电气线路(6)固定设置于所述贯穿管的内部或外侧，所述贯穿管的一端延伸至所述贯穿管所在的所述柔性电连接钻杆的最上方的短节单元(1)，所述贯穿管的另一端延伸至所述贯穿管所在的所述柔性电连接钻杆最下方的短节单元(1)，用于实现电气线路(6)与其所在的所述柔性电连接钻杆的上电连接件(5)和下电连接件(3)电气连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述柔性电连接钻柱，其特征在于，贯穿管(16)设置于所述短节单元(1)所包含的贯通结构的内部，并与所述贯通结构形成流道；
    当所述电气线路(6)设置于所述贯穿管内部时，所述贯穿管(16)与贯通结构形成的环形空间构成钻井循环介质的流道，当所述电气线路(6)设置于所述贯穿管与贯通结构形成的环形空间(20)内时，所述贯穿管内部空间(21)用于形成流道。
  11. 根据权利要求1、7、8或9中的任意一项所述柔性电连接钻柱，其特征在于，所述上电连接件(5)至少包括上电连接导电部(51)和上电连接绝缘部(52)，所述下电连接件(3)至少包括下电连接导电部(31)和下电连接绝缘部(32)；位于下方的所述柔性电连接钻杆的所述上电连接件的上电连接导电部和位于上方的所述柔性电连接钻杆的所述下电连接件的下电连接导电部相互抵接，用于传递信号和/或电力；位于下方的所述柔性电连接钻杆的所述上电连接件(5)的上电连接绝缘部(52)和位于上方的所述柔性电连接钻杆的所述下电 连接件(3)的上电连接绝缘部(52)相互抵接或预设较小的间隙，用于防止导电部漏电或减缓导电部漏电。
  12. 根据权利要求1、7、8、9、10或11中的任意一项所述柔性电连接钻柱，其特征在于，所述上电连接件(5)与下电连接件(3)中任意一方或两方至少包括一道密封圈，密封圈设置于位于下方的所述柔性电连接钻杆的上电连接件(5)与位于上方的所述柔性电连接钻杆的下电连接件(3)的插入间隙内，用于防止钻井循环介质渗透通过绝缘部，导致导电部漏电、进入污物或密封压力。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中的任意一项或几项所述柔性电连接钻柱，其特征在于，所述芯轴外侧设置有限位结构(22)，所述限位结构设置于所述短节单元的钻铤外壳内部，并与所述短节单元的钻铤外壳间设有环形间隙。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述柔性电连接钻柱，其特征在于，还包括井下发电机、信号发送电路、信号拾取电路、遥传装置，若干段首尾相接的柔性电连接钻杆形成钻杆阵列，所述信号发送电路设置于所述钻杆阵列的下方或下部，所述信号发送电路可以将信息通过交流分量载入跨接电线；所述信号拾取电路设置于所述钻杆阵列的上方或上部，所述信号拾取电路可以拾取跨接电线上的载有信息的交流分量；所述遥传装置设置于所述钻杆阵列的上方。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述柔性电连接钻柱，其特征在于，所述电气线路上部或上端设置有整流电路和上滤波电容，能将井下发电机发出的电能经整流后滤波，为电气线路提供稳定的直流电。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述柔性电连接钻柱，其特征在于，所述电气线路下部或下端设置有整流电路和下电容。
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