WO2022102091A1 - 飛行体の耐雷撃構造 - Google Patents

飛行体の耐雷撃構造 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022102091A1
WO2022102091A1 PCT/JP2020/042476 JP2020042476W WO2022102091A1 WO 2022102091 A1 WO2022102091 A1 WO 2022102091A1 JP 2020042476 W JP2020042476 W JP 2020042476W WO 2022102091 A1 WO2022102091 A1 WO 2022102091A1
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WIPO (PCT)
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conductor
unmanned aerial
aerial vehicle
grid
lightning
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Ceased
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PCT/JP2020/042476
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
潤 加藤
俊久 枡田
雅人 丸山
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NTT Inc
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Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
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Priority to PCT/JP2020/042476 priority Critical patent/WO2022102091A1/ja
Priority to JP2022561222A priority patent/JP7714302B2/ja
Priority to US18/035,833 priority patent/US12344394B2/en
Publication of WO2022102091A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022102091A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D45/00—Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for
    • B64D45/02—Lightning protectors; Static dischargers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C39/00—Aircraft not otherwise provided for
    • B64C39/02—Aircraft not otherwise provided for characterised by special use
    • B64C39/024—Aircraft not otherwise provided for characterised by special use of the remote controlled vehicle type, i.e. RPV
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U20/00—Constructional aspects of UAVs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U10/00—Type of UAV
    • B64U10/10—Rotorcrafts
    • B64U10/13—Flying platforms
    • B64U10/14—Flying platforms with four distinct rotor axes, e.g. quadcopters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lightning strike resistant structure of an air vehicle.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 a direct lightning test is conducted in which a high voltage current is directly hit during the flight of an unmanned aerial vehicle. It has been reported that the electric current passed through the body of the unmanned aerial vehicle and reached the ground, and the unmanned aerial vehicle became inoperable.
  • unmanned aerial vehicle If a lightning strike occurs on an unmanned aerial vehicle, the unmanned aerial vehicle will break down and become inoperable, so there is a possibility of human and physical loss due to the crash of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of preventing a decrease in flight function and a crash due to a lightning strike on an airplane.
  • the lightning-resistant structure of an air vehicle is connected to a grid-like conductor that surrounds the air vehicle at a distance that does not hinder flight, and between the grid-like conductor and a part of the air vehicle. It is provided with a mounting portion for the conductor and a conducting wire connected between the grid-shaped conductor and a grounding point on the ground.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a lightning strike resistant structure of an unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a lightning strike resistant structure of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to the present embodiment.
  • the lightning-resistant structure of an unmanned aerial vehicle includes a conductor 11, a mounting portion 12, a conductor 13, and a control device 14.
  • the conductor 11 is a conductor that receives a lightning current from the sky instead of the unmanned aerial vehicle 100.
  • the conductor 11 is arranged outside the unmanned aerial vehicle 100 so as to surround the unmanned aerial vehicle 100 at a distance so as not to hinder the flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle 100 located inside.
  • the conductor 11 has a grid-like shape as shown in FIG.
  • the conductor 11 is composed of at least two ring-shaped wires.
  • the overall shape of the conductor 11 is, for example, an elliptical shape, a spherical shape, or a rectangular shape.
  • the mounting portion 12 is a mounting portion for the conductor 11 for mounting and fixing the grid-shaped conductor 11 to the unmanned aerial vehicle 100.
  • the mounting portion 12 is, for example, an insulating rod member.
  • the rod member is connected between one point (part) of the grid-like conductor 11 and one point (part) of the unmanned aerial vehicle 100.
  • a plurality of rod members may be connected to a plurality of points of the unmanned aerial vehicle 100, but one rod member may be connected to only one point of the unmanned aerial vehicle 100 in order to eliminate the possibility of a lightning current flowing into the unmanned aerial vehicle 100. Is preferable.
  • the conductor 13 is a conductor for passing the lightning current received by the grid-shaped conductor 11 to the ground.
  • the conductor 13 is, for example, a conductor cable.
  • the conductor cable is connected between the lower part of the grid-like conductor 11 and the input end of the control equipment 14 on the ground.
  • the control equipment 14 is a control equipment for controlling the lightning strike current via the conducting wire 13.
  • the control equipment 14 is installed on the ground.
  • the control equipment 14 is, for example, a lightning current cutoff device, a lightning rod, a ground structure, and a ground ground. It may be a grounding point on the ground.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle 100 is surrounded by the grid-shaped conductors 11 separated from the unmanned aerial vehicle 100 so as not to hinder the flight, and the unmanned aerial vehicle 100 is surrounded by the grid-shaped conductors 11 at one point.
  • the conductor 13 is connected to the lower part of the grid-like conductor 11 and the conductor 13 is connected to the control equipment 14 on the ground.
  • the lightning strike current due to the lightning strike is received by the grid-like conductor 11 and flows to the ground via the lower conductor 13. Since the lightning current is divided by the grid-like conductor 11 and the electric fields due to the current cancel each other inside the grid-like conductor 11, the influence of the lightning current on the unmanned airplane 100 can be extremely reduced.
  • the Faraday gauge effect of the grid-like conductor 11 surrounding the outside of the unmanned aerial vehicle 100 prevents lightning strikes from entering the vicinity of the unmanned aerial vehicle 11.
  • the Faraday gauge effect is an effect in which electric lines of force cannot enter the inside surrounded by conductors, so that the external electric field is blocked and the internal potentials are all equal. Further, since the lightning current flows in a grid pattern, the electric fields inside the grid cancel each other out from all sides, so that the lightning current can be made extremely small.
  • the lightning-resistant structure of the unmanned aerial vehicle includes a grid-like conductor 11 that surrounds the unmanned aerial vehicle 100 at a distance that does not hinder flight, and a part of the grid-like conductor 11 and the unmanned aerial vehicle 100.
  • a mounting portion 12 for the conductor 11 connected between the two, and a conductor 13 connected between the grid-like conductor 11 and the control equipment 14 on the ground are provided, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle 100 is hit by a lightning strike. It can prevent deterioration of flight function and crash.
  • an unmanned aerial vehicle such as a drone has been described as an example, but it can be applied to an air vehicle to which the above-mentioned lightning strike structure can be added.
  • a flying object is, for example, a balloon, a small manned airplane, a flying object or a flying object flying at high altitude.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)

Abstract

飛行体の耐雷撃構造は、飛行を阻害しない距離を空けて飛行体１００を囲む格子状の導体１１と、前記格子状の導体１１と前記飛行体１００の一部との間に接続される前記導体１１用の取付部１２と、前記格子状の導体１１と地上の接地点との間に接続される導線１３と、を備える。

Description

飛行体の耐雷撃構造
　本発明は、飛行体の耐雷撃構造に関する。
　従来、ドローンなどの無人飛行機が知られている。無人飛行機は屋外を飛行するため、落雷に遭遇する危険性が高い。そこで、非特許文献１では、無人飛行機の飛行中に高電圧電流を直撃させる直撃雷試験が行われている。そして、電流が無人飛行機の機体を通り抜けて地面に到達し、無人飛行機は動作不能になったことが報告されている。
The University of Manchester、"Drone vs lightning"、Science and Engineering、［2020年10月30日検索］、インターネット＜URL : https://www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk/science-engineering/2017/04/10/drone-vs-lightning/＞
　無人飛行機に落雷が生じた場合、無人飛行機は故障、操作不能になるため、無人飛行機の墜落による人的、物的な損失が発生する可能性があった。
　本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、本発明の目的は、飛行体への雷撃による飛行機能の低下および墜落を防止可能な技術を提供することである。
　本発明の一態様の飛行体の耐雷撃構造は、飛行を阻害しない距離を空けて飛行体を囲む格子状の導体と、前記格子状の導体と前記飛行体の一部との間に接続される前記導体用の取付部と、前記格子状の導体と地上の接地点との間に接続される導線と、を備える。
　本発明によれば、飛行体への雷撃による飛行機能の低下および墜落を防止できる。
図１は、無人飛行機の耐雷撃構造を示す図である。
　以下、図面を参照して、本発明の実施形態を説明する。図面の記載において同一部分には同一符号を付し説明を省略する。
　図１は、本実施形態に係る無人飛行機の耐雷撃構造を示す図である。無人飛行機の耐雷撃構造は、導体１１と、取付部１２と、導線１３と、制御用設備１４と、を備える。
　導体１１は、上空からの雷撃電流を無人飛行機１００の代わりに受ける導体である。導体１１は、無人飛行機１００の周囲外部に、内部に位置する無人飛行機１００の飛行を阻害しない程度に距離を離して、無人飛行機１００を囲むように配置される。導体１１は、図１に示すように格子状の形状を備える。例えば、導体１１は、少なくとも２つの輪状ワイヤで構成される。導体１１の全体形状は、例えば、楕円状、球体状、矩形状の形状である。
　取付部１２は、格子状の導体１１を無人飛行機１００に取り付けて固定するための導体１１用の取付部である。取付部１２は、例えば、絶縁性の棒部材である。棒部材は、格子状の導体１１の一点（一部）と無人飛行機１００の一点（一部）との間に接続される。複数の棒部材を無人飛行機１００の複数点に接続してもよいが、無人飛行機１００への雷撃電流の流入可能性を排除するため、１つの棒部材を無人飛行機１００の一点のみに接続することが好ましい。
　導線１３は、格子状の導体１１で受けた雷撃電流を地上へ流すための導線である。導線１３は、例えば、導線ケーブルである。導線ケーブルは、格子状の導体１１の下部と地上の制御用設備１４の入力端との間に接続される。
　制御用設備１４は、導線１３を経由した雷撃電流を制御するための制御用設備である。制御用設備１４は、地上に設置される。制御用設備１４は、例えば、雷撃電流の遮断装置、避雷針、地上の構造物、地上グランドである。地上の接地点であればよい。
　すなわち、無人飛行機の耐雷撃構造は、無人飛行機１００の外部に飛行を阻害しない程度に距離を離した格子状の導体１１で無人飛行機１００を囲み、格子状の導体１１を１点で無人飛行機１００の本体と接続し、格子状の導体１１の下部に導線１３を接続し、導線１３を地上の制御用設備１４に接続した構成を備える。
　この構成により、無人飛行機１００に落雷が発生しても、その落雷による雷撃電流は、格子状の導体１１で受けられ、下部の導線１３を経由して地上に流れることになる。雷撃電流は格子状の導体１１で分流され、格子状の導体１１の内部では電流による電界が打ち消しあうため、雷撃電流による無人飛行機１００への影響を極めて小さくできる。
　つまり、無人飛行機１００の外部を囲った格子状の導体１１によるファラデーゲージ効果により、無人飛行機１１付近に雷撃が侵入しないことになる。ファラデーゲージ効果とは、導体に囲まれた内部には電気力線が侵入できないため、外部の電場が遮られ、内部の電位は全て等しくなる効果である。また、雷撃電流は格子状に流れるため、格子内部の電界が四方から打ち消しあうことにより、雷撃電流を極めて小さくすることができる。
　以上より、本実施形態によれば、無人飛行機の耐雷撃構造は、飛行を阻害しない距離を空けて無人飛行機１００を囲む格子状の導体１１と、格子状の導体１１と無人飛行機１００の一部との間に接続される導体１１用の取付部１２と、格子状の導体１１と地上の制御用設備１４との間に接続される導線１３と、を備えるので、無人飛行機１００への雷撃による飛行機能の低下および墜落を防止できる。
　最後に、本実施形態ではドローンなどの無人飛行機を例に説明したが、上記耐雷撃構造を付加可能な飛行体に適用可能である。飛行体とは、例えば、気球、小型有人飛行機、高空を飛翔する飛翔物や飛行物である。
　１１：導体
　１２：取付部
　１３：導線
　１４：制御用設備
　１００：無人飛行機

Claims (2)

  1. 　飛行を阻害しない距離を空けて飛行体を囲む格子状の導体と、
    　前記格子状の導体と前記飛行体の一部との間に接続される前記導体用の取付部と、
    　前記格子状の導体と地上の接地点との間に接続される導線と、
    　を備える飛行体の耐雷撃構造。
  2. 　前記飛行体は、
    　無人飛行機である請求項１に記載の飛行体の耐雷撃構造。
PCT/JP2020/042476 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 飛行体の耐雷撃構造 Ceased WO2022102091A1 (ja)

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JP2022561222A JP7714302B2 (ja) 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 飛行体の耐雷撃構造
US18/035,833 US12344394B2 (en) 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Lightning strike resistant structure of flying object

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WO2024116275A1 (ja) * 2022-11-29 2024-06-06 日本電信電話株式会社 ファラデーケージ付き無人飛行体
WO2025052549A1 (ja) * 2023-09-05 2025-03-13 日本電信電話株式会社 無人航空機用避雷針
WO2025062580A1 (ja) * 2023-09-21 2025-03-27 日本電信電話株式会社 無人航空機用避雷針
WO2026009414A1 (ja) * 2024-07-05 2026-01-08 Ｎｔｔ株式会社 雷電流抑制装置

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