WO2022101756A1

WO2022101756A1 - Generating electrical energy using cooled and frozen dry gas medium driven by kinetic energy

Info

Publication number: WO2022101756A1
Application number: PCT/IB2021/060310
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jamal Aldeen SUBHI MOH'D ABDEL QADER
Original assignee: Subhi Mohd Abdel Qader Jamal Aldeen
Priority date: 2020-11-11
Filing date: 2021-11-08
Publication date: 2022-05-19
Also published as: JOP20200289B1

Abstract

This invention is specifically intended to generate electricity based upon management of power plants with frozen cooled dry gas system driven by kinetic energy. This is done according to a different engineering system for common power plants, which use heat as the main element and steam as the medium and instead uses a cooling and freezing element and a dry frozen gaseous medium driven by kinetic energy. Turbines are designed specifically for this purpose, which gives us two mechanisms in the design of power plants: 1- Designing and operating a partially oil-based power plant with twice the electricity production compared to its counterparts. 2 - Adding a new medium for energy transmission, but with a difference in an overall energy production rate.

Description

GENERATING ELECTRICAL ENERGY USING COOLED AND FROZEN DRY GAS MEDIUM DRIVEN BY KINETIC ENERGY

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Electricity generation using science (gases and motion).

The target entity is the electric power stations.

This invention is concerned with the production and generation of economic electric power according to an engineering system different from traditional power stations, we mean here (steam) specifically, which is based mainly on the elements of heat mainly and steam as an intermediate only; And replacing that with the element of cooling and freezing, the medium used is “Dry Air” frozen and driven by kinetic energy; To move the turbines of a specially designed. With the addition of the combined cycle feature to recover energy.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The science of energy production is based on the conversion of energy from one form to another. Various media are used in the power transmission process; For example, dam energy uses water as a medium, and thermal energy uses steam as a medium; In this new research, we will use cooled and frozen dried air as a medium to move the turbine.

Many innovations systems work to reduce the costs of energy production, and some of them are at the expense of the environment, such as coal energy; Others are clean but do not possess the driving force of the economy and industry; oscillating controlled by special conditions such as sun and wind energy; Others are governed by the supply and demand market, such as oil, instead of negative aspects such as carbon emissions; As for uranium, it is not easily accessible, not to mention the safety costs of irradiation residues.

Reducing the negative effects that accompany the old operations such as calcification, necrosis, cavitation and irradiation. Instead of the negative impact on the environmental and economic aspects resulting from the treatment of traditional fuel waste and the high cost of the cooling bill with the succession and convergence of periods of time for periodic maintenance operations. All of this had a great impact on the high bill of the basic energy industry.

In previous sciences, the traditional (single) cycle was used in the production of electrical energy, and the energy was very expensive. Then came the combined (steam) cycle to recover the wasted energy in the form of heat, which reduced a good amount of cost. What is new in our research is the combined cycle (using dry frozen air) in energy recovery and production.

Where the frozen gaseous medium is characterized by reducing the rates of negative effects associated with the old system in bulk, in addition to reducing harmful environmental emissions, and raising the economic efficiency of the facility by reducing the costs of electricity production, and even its ability to work in places with difficult natural resources, such as those that lack natural resources or suffer from their scarcity; This is because of the benefits of using the two composite cycles along with an isolated system, and energy cycling inward.

ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION

The development of two systems in the generation of electricity:

The first: It is considered the least negative of the rate of carbon emissions, and the most abundant in energy productivity among similar power plants. The second: He is the most fortunate. Where it employs flow science and industrial control; And the use of the combined cycle (steam) along with the combined cycle (for frozen dry gas) to raise the efficiency of energy production.

And both methods run real energy that moves the wheel of the economy. (The impact of the two economic mechanisms will be shown in a table at the end of the research).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION - From the industrial reality, the generator to be operated and invested commercially is inspected. (Main station).

- Studies are carried out and analyzed carefully; And find out the operating mass of its volume (active mass).

- The active mass is divided into parts.

- These parts are distributed to small sub-stations in which the two combined cycles (conventional steam / frozen dry gas - new) are used:

- Steam sub-station (conventional).

-Pelton sub-station (will be explained).

It contains the main physical elements:

• Pressure values. P

• The area of the flow opening for the pressure unit A.

• The size of the compensating generator and its mechanism of action (will be explained).

• Efficient flow system . η

• Amount of suction volume from compressors. Q

• flux density, p

• Temperature flow . T

• Mass flow rate . m

2 - The type of working medium is dry, icy air. 3- First, the air is compressed after filtering and drying under high pressures, taking into account the rest of the main components in adjusting the mass flow rate.

4- A small-scale power substation is designed and structured. (Belton dry gas substation) The sum of these stations constitutes a major nucleus in the operation of the main power station to be invested.

The goal of the station is:

- Ensure the full flow of the gaseous mass affecting and operating the main station. Recovering the values of electricity consumed in the manufacture of gaseous projectiles.

- The station uses a gas flow system (that is not exhausted to its full potential) and this method of flowing is called [Underexpanded].

- The gaseous ejecta (the flow) is in the form of a linear (tangential) that contacts the line of the wheel of the Pelton turbine. (Fig. 1,2,3). The turbine design is similar to the Pelton hydro turbine, except that the design works with dry gas flow according to the flow conditions and many elements have been taken into account in it. (will be explained)

- min = mout

As for what it produces (Pelton Substation for Electricity) goes to the national public grid [inward] (gas combined cycle system); In a process to raise the efficiency of the produced energy by recovering the energy that was consumed during the operation of compressors and others for the manufacture and preparation of the gaseous projectile.

- The process of drawing energy from the public network and returning it is simultaneous (at the same time) after completing the precise initial operating procedures. 5- Then comes sizing. Finally, the number of Pelton substations is summed, each of which has a partial amount of the main mass flow rate; In a comprehensive and harmonious engineering design (Fig. 9), a single mass ratio is formed.

6- During the release of the gaseous projectile, a sharp drop in temperature results. It is used in the process of gas drying and cooling, which reduces operating costs and raises the efficiency of the energy produced.

7- The system can be isolated in certain locations to ensure the stability of the flow characteristic.

The system is characterized by a closed cycle of dry gas (reversible flow characteristic); So that there is no need to spend more energy in drying the gas again. It uses the same gas, it is controlled and prepared at its exit from the main turbine of the main investment station at a certain temperature, sucked through compressors and then pressed towards the Pelton sub-station for electricity again... and so on.

The system is characterized by a closed cycle of cold water (reversible flow characteristic); Where water tanks are developed in which very low temperatures are used and cold water is transferred and distributed to the entire project tools. This procedure will not affect the flow quality inside the tubes; Because the cooling that occurs inside the tubes is caused by the factors of pressure dissociation and the rapid expansion of gas molecules, and this means continuity.

Air drying (freezing) is a highly efficient method. Where the particles of water droplets carried by the air fall and are thrown out of the system through techniques (traps) as if they are dust, so that the medium becomes dry and suitable for operation. In special places in the pipes where the temperature drops, heat exchangers will be used to control the characteristic of the gaseous projectile on the one hand, and to complete the work of the first (steam) combined cycle on the other hand, and the combined gas cycle on the other.

The industrial solutions in the field of control are wide. High speeds can be controlled by fixed air guides; It can also prevent the formation of shock wave lines by installing mesh filters in studied locations. And many, many more.

* In meeting these specifications means raising the production capacity of the main investment station.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

* (Figure 1) represents the approximate general industrial scheme

A: The first (steam) combined recovery cycle, (conventional)

B: The second (frozen dry gas) combined recovery cycle, (new)

1- Air filtration and drying unit (used in the early stages of operation).

2- Primary compressor. (Low pressure LP).

3- Heat exchanger (HRSG) [hot gas / treated water] for industry. Superheated Steam

4- Secondary compressor. (HP high pressure).

5- Pelton power station (sub-station).

6- Pelton gas turbine.

7- The conveyor tube.

8- The main investment station.

(8-1) The main investment station expander is a composite [Axial + Panki] turbine. * (Figure 2) represents a Pelton turbine (working in gaseous medium).

1- The suggested diameter of the wheel is (10.04 meter), which is the torque arm of the generator.

2- The diameter of the impeller hole is 9.85 cm

3- Flywheel (fly wheel = 925.7 kg).

4- Outer cover

5- gears

6- An electric generator.

7- Tangent (it is the contact area, where the forces of flow will be analyzed and studied) and its length is 2.00 meters.

8- The path of the incompletely expanded flow, towards the main investment station.

* (Fig. 1-2) continues in figure (2) describing the tangent analysis.

7- Tangent (it is the contact area where the forces of flow will be analyzed and studied) and its length is 2.00 meters.

The numbering (from 1 to 5) refers to the analysis of the tangent (the number of thrusts, their dimensions, their height from the free duct).

8- The incomplete expansion flow towards the main investment station.

9- The outlet hole of the compressor is 4.6 cm, which is the same as the inlet gas flow opening on the Pelton turbine.

10- Impeller.

11- Free passage allows unobstructed gas flow.

* (Figure 3) describes the dimensions of the impellers on a Pelton turbine wheel

* (Figure 4) describes the design angles of the impellers on the Pelton wheel * (Fig. 5) The conveyor tubes are expressed in the form of a nozzle “from the tangent of the Pelton turbine to the main station” carrying the cooling and refrigeration technology and serving as a moving gas storage.

* (Fig. 6) a side section of the "Panki turbine" and it shows the mechanism of its movement (through the suction mechanism resulting from the compressors and the positive pull that occurs in the same direction of the thrust forces) in the expander turbine of the main investment station.

* (Fig. 7) shows the main [Expander] of the investment terminal in shape from the outside; Indicating the locations of the fusion tubes and the characteristics of the installed turbine

- Section (a) of Figure 8: represents the external appearance of the tubes meeting at the front of the turbine.

Section (b) of Figure 8:

1- The axial turbine, which is the turbine that receives the flow from the vertical side (thrust forces) and forms the largest extended part.

2- Banki turbine, which is the last part, which deals with the flow from three sides as it receives the horizontal flow from the axial turbine to push it up and down in line with the opposite vertical suction forces (positive drag forces) on both sides.

3- The course of the suction channel, (representing nozzle).

4- It represents the total thrust forces distributed on both sides of the turbine:

(4-A) represents the docking area of the horizontal flow pipes from the right side A (in the form of a hierarchical staircase).

(4 - B) represents the docking area of the horizontal flow pipes from the left side B (in the form of a hierarchical staircase).

The tubes are located according to geometric distances and according to the stationeries directing the current entering the turbine. * (Figure 8) Explanation of the total thrust and suction forces on the turbine and their vectors.

* (Figure 9) an approximate view from the top showing the position of the power sub-stations feeding the main station and the flow lines of each of the gaseous stream in its closed circuit; The water is in its closed circuit.

1- Composite main turbine. ( Axial Turbine & Panki Turbine )

2- The main generator.

3- (the unit) which contains two sub-stations (Pelton dry gas+ steam station) for each unit of a receiver line and an independent gas carrier, for each have Combined recovery cycle.

4- Closed and isolated dry (frozen) gas cycle.

5- Closed and isolated chilled water cycle.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Production of economic electricity by using (Dry Air) the frozen dry medium (frozen) driven by kinetic energy.

Practical application in industrial reality: -

The beginning begins with the inspection of the tools working in the invention system

A - The power plant to be invested and operated:

1- Choosing the size of the generator to be operated and invested.

2- Conducting mathematical -physical probability experiments and reaching the total effective mass operating the turbine of the investment power station.

"Putting the most difficult possibility to make later designs easier"

“Probabilities”

Analysis Properties the main power plant

Explanation of the industrial scheme and its mechanism of action ( FIG 1):-

The element [1] represents the unit for filtering and drying air for introduction into the working tubes and tools of the system; This system will not be needed only in the first hours of operation. Later the circuit will be closed and isolated.

The two elements [2-4] (they are the main compressors operating on dry gas; their goal is to give the gas a laying energy and then release the energy and give the gas a speed equivalent to the freezing that occurs; which keeps the gas dry and provides the appropriate dry icing stream through which the mass is made and the recipe of the projectile The gaseous.

B - Choosing compressors according to the practical industrial reality:

1- The primary compressor. ( LP )- STC-GV type.

2- Secondary compressor. ( HP )-BCL type.

- The ability of compressors to eject a mass rate of [m = 139.9 kg/sec] was studied. -Temperatures were calculated for each stage.

- The pressure rates and the amount of pressure drop after cooling were calculated in a process to raise the compressor capacity and perform the required pressure requirement.

- Calculating the efficiency of compressors η when polytropic. * Calculate the efficiency of η compressors.

Calculation of the efficiency level of the compressors. From Data book 13 th Edition scientists Ankur

Calculate Efficiency for the Primary Compressor: (Q1)

Calculate Efficiency for the Secondary Compressor: (Q2)

* Compressor design equations and gas stream characterization.

Gas specifications before entering the primary compressor

Specifications after leaving the primary compressor

Specifications after exit from the heat exchanger

Specifications after exit from the second compressor

element [5] It is the substation of the electricity (Pelton), which is a compensating station whose objective is to recover the energy that was consumed in the manufacture of gaseous projectiles, and then return it to the main provider of the facility [the National Public Electricity Network] simultaneously and immediately, to raise the efficiency of energy production and raise the economic value of the electrical system as a whole, (to be proven) element [6] It is a (Pelton) turbine named by it because it is similar to the Pelton water turbine, except that it works by gas flow and its thrusters are designed to withstand a pressure of 300 bar. The Pelton turbine is exposed to the gas stream flowing from the compressors, under high pressure and then passing through a nozzle-like passage, and the gas expands without depleting its full potential (Underexpanded flow); At the exit appears some residual pressure values. The Residual Stream is used in the manufacture and refrigeration of the gas stream flowing and driving the turbine of the main investment power station. Pelton turbine design (Pelton wheel): see Figure (2), and Figure 1-2, and we will return to it for more details.

Analyze and compare the two working systems (steam vs. dry air) and mass splitting and load distribution to arrive at the size of the Pelton generator:

* Design of the generator of the Pelton power station in its final size:

- Here we have the features of the "combined dry frozen gas cycle" where:

# 0.74433% of the value of the electricity spent in the manufacture of gaseous projectiles was recovered to raise economic efficiency.

(see table) element [7] It is the gas pipeline outlet of the Pelton turbine. (The conveyor tube is similar to a nozzle. It causes the gas to expand very quickly, thus producing the required cooling; it is governed by controls that impose storm current instead of shock current; using special filters that allow the flow of the current and never obstruct it; but these filters prevent the formation of shock wave lines) .

The coldness inside this duct is never affected by the drop in its values. This is due to the continuous rapid expansion process inside the tube. Which means the continuity of the cooling process and the possibility of using continuous tubes in the cooling process on the heat exchangers.

The gas expansion process will stop only when the velocity decreases and the pressure (potential energy) inside the tube is exhausted and equal to the atmospheric pressure. This takes place from inside the Expander base station to the inlet of the primary compressor. element [3] It is a heat exchanger (HSRG) that absorbs heat from gas compressors and converts it into ( steam ) . At the same time, the main gas stream flowing from the compressors is cooled. To combine with the elements of the traditional [combined cycle] in the conventional steam power plant is an element [10], Compensating a difference from the cost of manufacturing pressure (manufacturing the adjective gaseous adjective).. element [13]

It is a cold water tank with a temperature of up to (5C°) that supplies the heat exchanger.

The condensed steam from the power plant turbine is transmitted through a steam trap (trap) to pump the hot water to another heat exchanger (HR) to cool it. element[12]

It is a heat exchanger (HR) that receives hot water condensing from steam due to its depletion of its potential energy. The gas stream coming from the turbine of the main investment station is heated (from -160 C° to -28 C°) in a process to adjust the density for the manufacture of the gaseous ejecta mass (rh = 139.9 kg/ sec). Then the cooled water is pumped back into the tank.

Here we show an approximate value of the traditional steam combined cycle.

Waste heat from compressors was reused and recycled in energy production, which contributes to raising energy efficiency and offsetting the costs of the pressure industry. Operational specifications of the steam plant (combined cycle):

element [8] It is the main investment power station operating with a combined turbine. element [8-1] It is the expander composite mam power plant [Axial + panki]. The horizontal thrust current and the vertical suction current are received. See Figure (8).

- Dry gas is never subjected to liquefaction because it has not gone through all the critical conditions of dry air.

Approximate overall scheme of the system:

* Suction pressure rate from (industrial table).

- Suction pressure for Primary Compressor (2 stage) =

3.5 Bar ... [ Estimated] .

5 - Suction pressure for Secondary Compressor (7stage) =

(65 - 70)Bar. .. [Estimated],

o - (3.5 bar) values of suction pressure from the primary compressor. It acts as a positive drag for the turbine fans (the direction of drag is in the same direction as the flow). Multiplied by 21 stations, which means 73.5 bar. As in Figure (8). Forming the suction force of the fans. 5 - (7.3 bar) is the result of the remaining total pressure residues operating at the

Pelton substation (300 bar), where its expansion was used in the freezing of gas (Frozen gas) and the manufacture of the main thrust force (thrust force) striking the expansion of the (turbine) of the main investment power station . Multiply at 21 stations which means 153.3bar making up the thrust for the fans. 0 (will be demonstrated) as in Figure (8). 7- Analysis of the thrust and positive drag forces at the Pelton gas turbine.

1- (Thrust Force). 2- (positive Drag Force).

The drag forces on the wheel are in the direction of the pushing forces, so they are positive forces.

Calculation of the total torque of a Pelton turbine

Calculation of the diameter of the Pelton gas turbine:

The diameter of the Pelton wheel is Φ = 7 meters. This is a (positive) answer.

* And the suggestion is that Φ = 10.0 4 meter ) to overcome the resistance caused by the gearbox (transmission).

Thermodynamic Book: Scientific base

Stagnation inside Compressor

Exit @ throat Ø 4.6 cm

Stagnation @ [ Ø 4.6 cm to Exit point Ø 11.35cm],

Exit @ Ø 11.35cm

Stagnation @ [ Ø 3.8 cm to Exit point 0 9 cm].

Exit @ Ø 9 cm

Stagnation @[ Ø 2.1 cm to Exit point 0 9.2 cm].

Exit @ Ø 9.2 cm

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Stagnation @[ Ø 2.65 cm to Exit point 0 11 ,30cm].

Exit @ Ø 11.3 cm

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Stagnation @[ Ø 5.4 cm to Exit point 0 15.7cm],

Exit @ Ø 15.7 cm

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Stagnation @[ Ø 8.3 cm to Exit point 0 22cm]

Exit @ Ø 22 cm

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Stagnation @[ Ø 22 cm to Exit point Ø 25cm],

Exit @ Ø 25 cm

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Stagnation @ [ Ø 25 cm to Exit point 0 60cm]

Exit @ Ø 60 cm

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Stagnation@[ Ø 60 cm to Exit point 0 1.83 m].

Exit @ Ø 1.83 m

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) - Calculate the final expansion rate of the pressure and the final temperature of the flow when the efficiency rate of the expanded turbine Expander for the main power plant is η = 80% -

Flow Exit pipe @ 0 = 60 cm

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Exit the Expander η= 80%

Exit the Expander, m= 139.9 kg, Q= 42.9 m³.

1- Analysis of the forces at the turbine (expanded) Expander the power station to be invested. a)-Thrust force ,b)-Drag force.

Thrust force:

Suction speed made by primary compressor:

The compressor works on suctioning the air strongly (especially if it is cold and high in density), which speeds up the process of expanding and decompressing the compressed gas.

And we'll call this positive air drag because it's in the same direction as the thrust. Drag Force:

Calculation of the total torque required to rotate the main power plant generator :

Design Expander Turbine Diameter for Investment Plant:

This answer is positive; The torque is completely covered, starting from 1.42 meters, and the greater the diameter from this threshold, the greater the torque on the turbine.

This ensures the smooth flow and safety of the facility's work continuity

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) A visualization of the mechanism of action:

Claims

54

1- The filtered, dried and cooled air is entered into the closed gas cycle (for the first time only) through the filtering, drying and cooling unit, to pass the frozen dry gas to the central compressor unit in the sub-station (Pelton). But later the air entry to the central compressors through the heat exchanger [HR] is ready filtered and frozen.

2- According to the claim element (1), the power substation (Pelton), is a power station operating by the impulse of gas mass (dry frozen gas) flowing from compressors.

The station consists of a system of machines, working side by side in a synchronous system to produce electricity:

- Central compressor units;

- Heat exchanger. [HRSG];

- Pelton wheel: It is the station's main turbine;

- Control unit;

- Transmission; and

- Generator.

The structural engineering system of the station is characterized by its ability to absorb excess energy, resulting from the eruption of gaseous mass

(The projectile is gaseous). Which led to the formation of the (gaseous combined cycle) to recover energy.

3- According to the claim element (2), the central compressors charge the gaseous projectile by raising its pressure, and then releasing it towards the Pelton wheel. However, this action results in a severe rise in the temperature of the gaseous projectile. The heat exchanger [HRSG] works on the one 55 hand to absorb the temperature and evaporate its water content and produce [Superheated] steam, and on the other hand it cools the dry gas and raises the capacity to higher pressure values. This led to formation of (conventional steam combined cycle) for energy recovery. 4- According to the claim element (3), the (combined steam cycle) consists of:

- Superheated working medium;

- Steam turbine;

- Heat exchanger [HR];

- Control unit; and

- Generator. 5- According to the claim element (4) the heat exchanger [HR] works to condense the steam from the turbine on the one hand, and to heat and adjust the temperature of the frozen dry gas entering the primary compressor on the other hand. And cooling the water stock to the level necessary for it to enter the first heat exchanger (HRSG). 6- According to the claim element (2), the operating turbine in the power generation substation (Pelton), is similar to the Pelton water wheel, and this is the reason for the name Pelton, except that the station's turbine operates with the propellant gas flow. 7- According to the claim element (6), the design of the gas turbine (Pelton wheel) is distinguished by its ability to ensure coverage of torque by using two mechanisms: the first is the mass flow rate. As for the second one, it is specific to the Pelton wheel, which is the “leverage arm” that was designed in a state of readiness for any weakness or deficiency affecting the total forces acting on the turbine. 56 8- According to the claim element (7), the outflow from the Pelton turbine is characterized by that it is unable to release its full potential energy to convert it into motion, just like other turbines that are designed to deplete as much as possible of the potential energy stock of the flow and to convert it into kinetic energy. But this is a positive feature. The flow from the turbine is given by the underextended flow. At the outlet of the turbine, residual values of total pressure appear, which eventually combine to form a striking force (completely expanded kinetic energy) that falls on the (expander) fans in Investment main power station. 9- According to the claim element (2) after the gaseous projectile is released from the compressors, the projectile collides with the alloy impellers installed on the (Pelton gas wheel). In the so-called "tangent" area of the circuit, the flow is "linear", but the internal structure of the tube and the design structure of the impellers make the shape of the nozzle, and this causes rapid expansion of the gas, and a sharp drop in temperature (supercooling). Starting from inside the turbine and proceeding along the course of the flow-carrying tube, which is an extension of the nozzle to the expanding turbine, the tube maintains the temperature drop values. 10- According to claim element (9) the main station expander is two compound turbines (Axial + panki) connected, one turbine [axial] receives thrust from the horizontal and lateral side, and the other [panki] receives positive vertical drag forces. The thrust tubes are located on both sides of the turbine and at the front of the turbine in the [axial] region, while the suction tubes (positive suction) are perpendicular to the [panki] turbine.