WO2022100340A1 - 一种冷热联供双效板换机组 - Google Patents

一种冷热联供双效板换机组 Download PDF

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WO2022100340A1
WO2022100340A1 PCT/CN2021/123298 CN2021123298W WO2022100340A1 WO 2022100340 A1 WO2022100340 A1 WO 2022100340A1 CN 2021123298 W CN2021123298 W CN 2021123298W WO 2022100340 A1 WO2022100340 A1 WO 2022100340A1
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temperature
low
temperature circulation
high temperature
horizontal plate
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PCT/CN2021/123298
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周义全
龙彩燕
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云南道精制冷科技有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2022100340A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022100340A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/31—Expansion valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • F25B43/02—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat for separating lubricants from the refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to the field of low-temperature refrigeration and high-temperature heating, in particular to the field of a combined cooling and heating double-effect plate exchange unit.
  • boilers and refrigerators are used to achieve high-temperature heating and low-temperature cooling. There is CO2 and a little toxic and harmful gases generated by the combustion of boiler fuel; the heat emitted by the refrigerator to the environment cannot be recycled.
  • the utility model develops a combined cooling and heating double-effect plate exchange unit which can not only provide a high temperature heat source instead of a boiler, but also provide a low temperature cold source instead of a refrigerator. It meets the needs of low-temperature cooling and high-temperature heating in industrial production lines.
  • the heating end uses the waste heat generated by the cooling end to heat the fluid heat transfer oil, which realizes energy recycling and is very energy-saving, and the system configuration is simple, eliminating the need for Many intermediate auxiliary equipments also have no fuel combustion to produce waste gas, waste residue and waste water discharge, which is very environmentally friendly.
  • a combined cooling and heating double-effect plate exchange unit is composed of a low temperature cycle and a high temperature cycle system, wherein the low temperature cycle adopts R134a or similar low temperature refrigerant, and the high temperature cycle adopts R123 or similar high temperature refrigerant.
  • the low temperature cycle realizes the function of the refrigerator, and the low temperature compressor 1, the low temperature cycle secondary oil separator 2, the intermediate horizontal plate heat exchanger 3, the low temperature cycle drying filter 4, the low temperature cycle flasher 5, Low-temperature circulating secondary condenser 6, low-temperature circulating electronic expansion valve 7, low-temperature circulating multi-stage horizontal plate-changing evaporator 8, low-temperature circulating oil cooler 9 are connected to form a complete refrigeration circuit; cold fluid.
  • the high temperature cycle realizes the boiler function, and the high temperature compressor 10, the high temperature cycle secondary oil separator 11, the high temperature cycle multi-stage horizontal plate-exchange condenser 12, the high temperature cycle drying filter 13, the high temperature cycle flasher 14 are also connected by means of pipelines and valves. , high temperature circulation secondary condenser 15, high temperature circulation electronic expansion valve 16, intermediate horizontal plate heat exchanger 3 connected to form a complete heating circuit.
  • the intermediate horizontal plate heat exchanger is both a condenser in a low temperature cycle and an evaporator in a high temperature cycle.
  • the refrigerant R123 in the high temperature cycle absorbs the condensation heat of R134a in the low temperature cycle in the intermediate horizontal plate heat exchanger to achieve high temperature evaporation, and then the high temperature compressor works to obtain a higher condensation temperature, and the thermal fluid heat transfer oil is heated to 100 °C ⁇ 120°C.
  • the low temperature circulating compressor of the combined cooling and heating double-effect board replacement unit is suitable for the evaporation temperature range of -40°C ⁇ Te ⁇ 20°C, the condensation temperature range is 20°C ⁇ Tc ⁇ 70°C, and the high temperature circulating compressor is suitable for the evaporation temperature range of 35 °C ⁇ Te ⁇ 75°C, the condensation temperature range is 85°C ⁇ Tc ⁇ 125°C.
  • the intermediate horizontal plate heat exchanger, the low temperature circulation multi-stage horizontal plate exchange evaporator, and the high temperature circulation multi-stage horizontal plate exchange condenser in the combined cooling and heating double-effect plate exchange unit are all stainless steel all-welded horizontal plate heat exchange.
  • the two fluids are fully exchanged in the stainless steel plate heat exchanger, and the heat exchange efficiency is high.
  • the end difference of the plate exchange can be controlled within the range of 0.5 °C ⁇ 2 °C, so that the same evaporation temperature and condensation temperature. Lower cold fluid temperatures and higher hot fluid temperatures can be obtained.
  • the stainless steel plate has good performance of low temperature and high temperature resistance, overcomes the shortcoming of copper tube being easy to crack at low temperature or high temperature, reduces the risk of unit failure, and improves the reliability of the unit.
  • Both the low temperature cycle and the high temperature cycle are designed with secondary condensers, which are mainly to eliminate harmful overheating of the system, maintain the balance of cold and heat in the system, and keep the low temperature refrigeration and high temperature heating within the required temperature range without temperature drift.
  • the unit operates stably.
  • the secondary condenser in the high temperature cycle adopts the evaporative cooling of a small part of the refrigerant in the low temperature cycle.
  • the secondary condenser is connected to a small cooling tower for heat dissipation.
  • the maximum pressure of low temperature cycle and high temperature cycle does not exceed 16bar, so the system does not need to use special high pressure equipment.
  • the expansion valve of the combined cooling and heating double-effect board replacement unit adopts electronic expansion valve, which can accurately control the amount of cold evaporation according to the temperature, and has the function of programming.
  • the electric control system of the unit has an interface for connecting to the factory central control, which is convenient for connecting to the Industrial Internet of Things and realizes the control of the Internet of Things.
  • the combined cooling and heating double-effect board replacement unit realizes the functions of these two devices.
  • One kind of equipment provides cooling and heating at the same time, which simplifies the system structure, reduces the floor space, reduces water consumption and drug consumption, and is more convenient to control, laying a foundation for the power equipment to be connected to the future industrial Internet of Things. There is no CO2 emission at the heating end, and the environmental protection performance is good.
  • the combined cooling and heating double-effect plate exchange unit recovers the waste heat generated by the refrigeration into the high-temperature cycle to heat the hot fluid and heat-conducting oil, which realizes the dual utilization of energy, and discharges the heat compared to the combination of the refrigerator and the heat pump. It is much more energy efficient to get energy into and from the air.
  • FIG. 1 System composition diagram of combined cooling and heating double-effect board replacement unit
  • Low temperature compressor Low temperature circulating secondary oil separator 3. Intermediate horizontal plate heat exchanger 4. Low temperature circulating drying filter 5. Low temperature circulating flasher 6. Low temperature circulating secondary condenser 7. Low temperature circulating Electronic expansion valve 8. Low temperature circulation multi-stage horizontal plate exchange evaporator 9. Low temperature circulation oil cooler 10, high temperature compressor 11, high temperature circulation secondary oil separator 12, high temperature circulation multi-stage horizontal plate exchange condenser 13, high temperature circulation Filter drier 14, high temperature circulating flasher 15, high temperature circulating secondary condenser 16, high temperature circulating electronic expansion valve
  • the evaporation temperature of R123 in the high temperature cycle is set to 45°C in the intermediate horizontal plate heat exchanger 3, it absorbs the condensation heat of R134a in the low temperature cycle and evaporates, and then enters the high temperature compressor 10, and then enters the high temperature cycle secondary oil separator 11 After separating the lubricating oil, it enters the high-temperature circulating multi-stage horizontal plate-exchange condenser 12.
  • the condensing temperature at this time is set to 102°C, the end difference of the plate-exchange condenser is controlled at 2°C, and R123 is in this plate-exchange condenser.
  • the heat release heats the hot fluid heat transfer oil to 100°C, and the condensed R123 then enters the high temperature circulating drying filter 13, the high temperature circulating flasher 14, the high temperature circulating secondary condenser 15, and the high temperature circulating electronic expansion valve 16.
  • this working condition is also in the middle of the working range of the high temperature compressor, so it is easier to achieve.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

一种冷热联供双效板换机组由低温循环和高温循环系统组成，其中低温循环采用R134a或同类低温制冷剂，高温循环采用R123或同类高温制冷剂，利用两种制冷剂的不同物性特征，配合机组系统组成部件设计，实现在制取-30℃~0℃的冷流体同时将热流体导热油加热到100℃~120℃，是替代传统锅炉加冷冻机组合的节能产品，具有较好的市场应用前景。

Description

一种冷热联供双效板换机组 技术领域
本实用新型涉及低温制冷同时高温制热领域，尤其涉及一种冷热联供双效板换机组领域。
 背景技术
工业中很多行业需要低温制冷同时又需要高温制热，且需冷量和热量大致相等，目前供热多采用锅炉，锅炉会产生废气、废水、废渣，不节能也不环保，供冷一般都采用冷冻机和冷却塔的组合或冷冻机配蒸发冷来提高系统的效率，但无论效率怎么提高，制冷产生的废热都需要通过冷却塔或蒸发冷排到空气中损失掉，所以节能有限。
 技术问题
传统采用锅炉加冷冻机实现高温供热、低温供冷，存在锅炉燃料燃烧产生CO2及少许有毒有害气体；冷冻机向环境散发的热量得不到循环利用。
 技术解决方案
本实用新型从节能减排的角度出发，研发了一种既可替代锅炉提供高温热源同时又能替代冷冻机提供低温冷源的冷热联供双效板换机组。其满足了工业生产线上需低温供冷同时又需高温供热的需求，供热端是利用供冷端产生的废热加热流体导热油，实现能源循环利用非常节能，且系统配置简洁，省去了许多中间辅助设备，也无燃料燃烧产生废气、废渣、废水排放，非常环保。
实用新型具体技术方案如下：
一种冷热联供双效板换机组由低温循环和高温循环系统组成，其中低温循环采用R134a或同类低温制冷剂，高温循环采用R123或同类高温制冷剂。
低温循环实现冷冻机功能，通过管路和阀门将低温压缩机1、低温循环二次油分离器2、中间卧式板换换热器3 、低温循环干燥过滤器4、低温循环闪蒸器5、低温循环二次冷凝器6 、低温循环电子膨胀阀7、低温循环多段卧式板换蒸发器8、低温循环油冷却器9连成一个完整的制冷回路；可制取-30℃~0℃的冷流体。
高温循环实现锅炉功能，同样借助管路和阀门将高温压缩机10、高温循环二次油分离器11、高温循环多段卧式板换冷凝器12、高温循环干燥过滤器13、高温循环闪蒸器14、高温循环二次冷凝器15、  高温循环电子膨胀阀16、中间卧式板换换热器3连成一个完整的制热回路。其中中间卧式板换换热器既是低温循环中的冷凝器，又是高温循环中的蒸发器。高温循环的制冷剂R123在中间卧式板换换热器中吸收低温循环中R134a的冷凝热实现高温蒸发，然后通过高温压缩机做功得到较高的冷凝温度，将热流体导热油加热到100℃~120℃。
冷热联供双效板换机组的低温循环压缩机适应蒸发温度范围是-40℃＜Te＜20℃,冷凝温度范围是20℃＜Tc＜70℃，高温循环压缩机适应蒸发温度范围是35℃＜Te＜75℃,冷凝温度范围是85℃＜Tc＜125℃。
冷热联供双效板换机组中的中间卧式板换换热器、低温循环多段卧式板换蒸发器、高温循环多段卧式板换冷凝器均为不锈钢全焊卧式板换换热器，两种流体在不锈钢板换换热器中完全实现全逆流交换，换热效率高，板换的端差可以控制在0.5℃~2℃的范围内，这样在同样的蒸发温度和冷凝温度下可以得到更低的冷流体温度和更高的热流体温度。不锈钢板换耐低温和高温的性能好，克服了铜管在低温或高温下易开裂的缺点，降低了机组故障风险，提高了机组可靠性。
低温循环和高温循环中均设计有二次冷凝器，主要是排除系统的有害过热，维持系统冷热平衡，使低温制冷和高温制热保持在所需要的温度范围内，不发生温度漂移，保证机组运行稳定。其中高温循环中二次冷凝器采用低温循环中小部分制冷剂蒸发冷却。低温循环中二次冷凝器外接小型冷却塔散热。
低温循环和高温循环的最高压力都不超过16bar,所以系统不需要采用特殊高承压设备。
冷热联供双效板换机组的膨胀阀均采用电子膨胀阀，能根据温度精确控制冷蒸发量，且具有编程功能。
机组电控系统具有接入工厂中控的接口，方便接入工业物联网，实现物联网控制。
 有益效果
与传统冷冻机加锅炉组合方式比，冷热联供双效板换机组实现了这两种设备的功能。一种设备同时供冷供热，简化了系统结构，减少了占地面积，降低了水耗、药耗，且控制更方便，为动力设备接入未来工业物联网奠定了基础。制热端无CO2排放，环保性能好。
与冷冻机加热泵组合比，冷热联供双效板换机组是将制冷产生的废热回收到高温循环中加热热流体导热油，实现了能源的双重利用，相对冷冻机和热泵组合将热量排放到空气中和从空气中吸收能源要节能得多。
 
 附图说明
图1  冷热联供双效板换机组系统构成图
其中1、低温压缩机  2、低温循环二次油分离器 3、中间卧式板换换热器  4、低温循环干燥过滤器  5、低温循环闪蒸器 6、低温循环二次冷凝器  7、低温循环电子膨胀阀  8、低温循环多段卧式板换蒸发器    9、低温循环油冷却器 10、高温压缩机11、高温循环二次油分离器12、高温循环多段卧式板换冷凝器 13、高温循环干燥过滤器 14、高温循环闪蒸器 15、高温循环二次冷凝器  16、高温循环电子膨胀阀
 
 本发明的最佳实施方式
以同时制取0℃冷流体和100℃热流体为例，结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
设定低温循环多段卧式板换蒸发器8中R134a制冷剂的蒸发温度为-2℃，多段卧式板换蒸发器端差2℃，R134a在低温循环多段卧式板换蒸发器 8中蒸发将冷流体降到0℃，然后进入低温压缩机1压缩后进入低温循环二次油分离器2，分离所带的润滑油后进入中间卧式板换换热器3中冷凝，假设冷凝温度为50℃，此工况恰好处在低温压缩机工作范围的中间段，运行较理想，冷凝后进入低温循环闪蒸器5，再进入低温循环二次冷凝器6进一步降温，最后通过低温循环电子膨胀阀7进入低温循环多段卧式板换蒸发器8中实现-2℃再蒸发。    
高温循环R123在中间卧式板换换热器3中蒸发温度设定为45℃，它吸收低温循环中R134a的冷凝热蒸发，然后进入高温压缩机10，再进入高温循环二次油分离器11，分离所带的润滑油后进入高温循环多段卧式板换冷凝器12，设定此时的冷凝温度为102℃，板换冷凝器端差控制在2℃，R123在此板换冷凝器中放热将热流体导热油加热到100℃，冷凝后的R123再依次进入高温循环干燥过滤器 13、高温循环闪蒸器14、高温循环二次冷凝器15、高温循环电子膨胀阀16，最后又回到中间卧式板换换热器实现45℃蒸发，此工况也恰好处在高温压缩机工作范围的中间段，所以较易实现。
 工业实用性
在流体物料生产过程中既需要高温杀菌又需要低温冷却，且是针对同一物料先高温杀菌后冷却， 现在普遍采用蒸汽锅炉加热，然后再用冷冻机降温冷却，也就是通常以锅炉+传统冷冻机的形式，由于该方式在处理物料时将燃料燃烧产生的化学能转化为热能加热物料，然后由冷冻站吸收物料中的热能通过冷却塔排放到大气中，没有形成能量的闭环利用，所以能量损失严重，同时采用锅炉会产生大量CO2及少量有毒有害气体，不符合当下节能减碳的政策，为解决上述问题本发明研究一种冷热联供双效板换机组，将冷冻机需向环境散发的这部分热量在散发之前通过中间换热器加以吸收，再通过高温压缩机将此部分热量加热的流体温度提升，以产生与锅炉蒸汽相同温度的热流体，供生产线加热使用，从而完全代替锅炉和传统冷冻机。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种冷热联供双效板换机组，它由低温循环和高温循环系统组成，其中低温循环系统采用R134a或同类低温制冷剂；高温循环系统采用R123或同类高温制冷剂，其特征是：所述低温循环系统是借助管路和阀门将低温压缩机、低温循环二次油分离器、中间卧式板换换热器 、低温循环干燥过滤器、低温循环闪蒸器、低温循环二次冷凝器、低温循环电子膨胀阀、低温循环多段卧式板换蒸发器、低温循环油冷却器连成一个完整的制冷回路；所述高温循环系统是借助管路和阀门将高温压缩机、高温循环二次油分离器、高温循环多段卧式板换冷凝器、高温循环干燥过滤器、高温循环闪蒸器、高温循环二次冷凝器、高温循环电子膨胀阀、中间卧式板换换热器连成一个完整的制热回路，使得机组在制取-30℃~0℃的冷流体同时可以将热流体导热油加热到100℃~120℃。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种冷热联供双效板换机组，其特征是：中间卧式板换换热器 、低温循环多段卧式板换蒸发器、高温循环多段卧式板换冷凝器都采用全焊不锈钢卧式结构，端差可以控制在0.5℃～2℃范围内，中间卧式板换换热器既是低温循环系统中的冷凝器，又是高温循环系统中的蒸发器。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种冷热联供双效板换机组，其特征是：低温循环和高温循环系统中均设计有二次冷凝器排除系统的有害过热，维持系统冷热平衡，使低温制冷和高温制热保持在所需要的温度范围内，不发生温度漂移，保证机组稳定运行。
     
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种冷热联供双效板换机组，其特征是：高温循环系统中的二次冷凝器采用低温循环系统中的制冷剂冷却。
PCT/CN2021/123298 2020-11-10 2021-10-12 一种冷热联供双效板换机组 WO2022100340A1 (zh)

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