WO2022098115A1 - 편파 빔들의 시간적/공간적 분리와 채널 비-가역성 보정을 위한 방법 및 이를 이용한 다중 빔 안테나 장치 - Google Patents
편파 빔들의 시간적/공간적 분리와 채널 비-가역성 보정을 위한 방법 및 이를 이용한 다중 빔 안테나 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/10—Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/28—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the amplitude
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- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
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- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
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- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to an antenna device that can be used in a cellular communication system, and more particularly, temporally and spatially separation of polarized beams, and channel ratio caused by polarization separation- A method of correcting reversibility and an antenna device using the same.
- the 5G communication system or the pre-5G communication system is called a 4G network after (Beyond 4G Network) communication system or an LTE (Long Term Evolution) system after (Post LTE) system.
- 4G network after Beyond 4G Network
- LTE Long Term Evolution
- the 5G communication system is being considered for implementation in a very high frequency (mmWave) band (eg, 60 gigabytes (60 GHz) band).
- mmWave very high frequency
- FD-MIMO Full Dimensional MIMO
- array antenna, and large scale antenna technologies are being discussed.
- an evolved small cell in the 5G communication system, an evolved small cell, an advanced small cell, a cloud radio access network (cloud radio access network, cloud RAN), an ultra-dense network (ultra-dense network) ), Device to Device communication (D2D), wireless backhaul, moving network, cooperative communication, Coordinated Multi-Points (CoMP), and reception interference cancellation ) and other technologies are being developed.
- cloud radio access network cloud radio access network, cloud RAN
- ultra-dense network ultra-dense network
- D2D Device to Device communication
- wireless backhaul moving network
- cooperative communication Coordinated Multi-Points (CoMP), and reception interference cancellation
- FQAM Hybrid Frequency Shift Keying and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
- SWSC Small Cell Superposition Coding
- ACM Advanced Coding Modulation
- FBMC Fan Bank Multi Carrier
- NOMA Non Orthogonal Multiple Access
- SCMA Sparse Code Multiple Access
- the 5G communication system is being operated to increase the signal gain by using the beamforming technique in order to overcome the problem of path loss due to the characteristics of the ultra-high frequency band (eg, mmWave).
- the ultra-high frequency band eg, mmWave
- One aspect of the present invention provides a method for temporally and spatially separating polarized beams using two different orthogonal polarizations, while correcting channel non-reciprocity caused by polarization separation, and a multi-beam antenna device using the same would like to provide
- the multi-beam antenna device includes an array antenna including transmit antenna elements used to form a plurality of transmit beams and receive antenna elements used to form a plurality of receive beams.
- the method includes generating a plurality of transmit polarization components from transmit signals corresponding to a pair of transmit channels associated with each transmit beam, and each transmit beam and each transmit beam so that spatially adjacent transmit beams have different orthogonal polarizations. outputting a pair of transmission polarization components corresponding to a first orthogonal polarization or a pair of transmission polarization components corresponding to a second orthogonal polarization among the plurality of transmission polarization components for a pair of related transmission channels; include
- the method comprises generating a plurality of receive polarization components from receive signals corresponding to a pair of receive channels associated with each receive beam to correct for channel non-reciprocity;
- the method further includes outputting, among the plurality of receive polarization components, a pair of receive polarization components corresponding to orthogonal polarizations of transmit beams spatially formed toward the same direction with respect to the pair of receive channels.
- the method may include orthogonal to a transmit beam formed in a spatially same direction as each receive beam, from receive signals corresponding to a pair of receive channels associated with each receive beam, in order to correct for channel non-reciprocity.
- the method further includes generating polarization-converted signals corresponding to the polarization.
- a multi-beam antenna device using two types of orthogonal polarizations.
- the antenna device includes an array antenna including transmit antenna elements used to form a plurality of transmit beams and receive antenna elements used to form a plurality of receive beams, and a pair of transmit channels associated with each transmit beam.
- a transmit polarization synthesizing unit generating a plurality of transmit polarization components from corresponding transmit signals, and a pair of transmit channels associated with each transmit beam so that spatially adjacent transmit beams have different orthogonal polarizations from each other and a transmission polarization allocator for outputting a pair of transmission polarization components corresponding to a first orthogonal polarization or a pair of transmission polarization components corresponding to a second orthogonal polarization from among the transmission polarization components.
- the antenna device comprises: a receive polarization synthesizer for generating a plurality of receive polarization components from receive signals corresponding to a pair of receive channels associated with each receive beam in order to correct channel non-reciprocity; Receive polarization for outputting a pair of receive polarization components corresponding to orthogonal polarizations of transmit beams that are spatially formed toward the same direction among the plurality of receive polarization components for a pair of receive channels associated with each receive beam It further includes an allocator.
- the antenna device from reception signals corresponding to a pair of reception channels associated with each reception beam, polarization-converted corresponding to an orthogonal polarization of a transmission beam formed in the same spatial direction as each reception beam It further includes a polarization converter for generating signals.
- the antenna device achieves signal loss and noise figure (NF) in realizing time division duplexing (TDD). ), which does not require switching operations that could worsen
- the antenna device according to the present invention can separate multiple beams in various directions in space, cell coverage can be expanded, and correlation between beams is reduced through polarization separation (ie, spatial polarization separation) of multiple beams. Therefore, communication quality can be further improved.
- polarization separation ie, spatial polarization separation
- the antenna device performs polarization conversion or polarization composition and polarization assignment on received signals inputted from the receiving antenna element, resulting in spatial and temporal polarization separation. It is possible to correct the channel non-reciprocity between the uplink channel and the downlink channel that occurs.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an NF deterioration problem occurring in a conventional antenna device.
- FIGS. 2A to 2D are block diagrams schematically showing an exemplary configuration of an antenna device capable of implementing the techniques of the present disclosure, respectively.
- 3A to 3D are diagrams for explaining various examples of an antenna module that can be employed in the antenna system of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram for explaining polarization synthesis and polarization assignment performed in relation to one transmit antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram for explaining polarization synthesis and polarization assignment performed in relation to one receiving antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary structure for performing polarization synthesis and polarization allocation on transmission signals in an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram for explaining spatial separation of polarized waves in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction provided by the antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram for explaining temporal polarization separation provided by the antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a channel non-reciprocity problem that may occur when a different double polarization is used between signal transmission and signal reception.
- 10A and 10B are conceptual diagrams for explaining a method for correcting channel non-reciprocity using polarization transformation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 11A and 11B are conceptual diagrams for explaining a method for correcting channel non-reciprocity using polarization synthesis and polarization allocation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary structure for performing transmission polarization synthesis calibration in an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a multi-beam antenna apparatus using quadruple polarization according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an NF deterioration problem occurring in a conventional antenna device.
- the conventional antenna device operating in the TDD scheme shown in FIG. 1 includes an antenna (ANT), a filter (Filter), a switch (S/W), a PA, an LNA, an AD converter (not shown), and a digital (implemented by FPGA) It may be configured to include a signal processor (not shown) and the like.
- the antenna ANT may have a form in which a plurality of antenna modules are arrayed, and each antenna module has two radiating elements having a geometric orientation perpendicular to each other (ie, having a polarization characteristic orthogonal to each other). It may be a dual polarized antenna module composed of radiators. Antenna modules perform a signal transmission function when the switch (S/W) is connected to the transmission line (Tx line), and perform a signal reception function when the switch (S/W) is connected to the reception line (Rx line) will do Accordingly, the antenna device of FIG. 1 implements the TDD function by the selective switching operation of the switch S/W.
- Signal loss may occur in a transmission signal or a reception signal due to such a switching operation, and signal loss may also occur in a process in which the reception signal is transmitted to the rear end of the device through a cable. Such signal loss may cause problems that deteriorate a noise figure (NF) and limit an uplink coverage extension of a wireless communication system.
- NF noise figure
- the multi-beam antenna device employs an array antenna composed of antenna modules having a pair of dual polarization antenna elements, and uses one dual polarization antenna element to transmit a radio signal and the other dual polarization antenna element.
- An antenna element is used to receive a radio signal. Accordingly, the multi-beam antenna device according to the present invention does not require a switching operation that may deteriorate signal loss and noise figure in implementing TDD.
- the multi-beam antenna device allocates two kinds of orthogonal polarizations to transmission channels so that spatially adjacent transmission beams have different orthogonal polarizations from each other, thereby spatially distributing two kinds of orthogonal polarizations. can be separated into
- FIGS. 2A to 2D are block diagrams schematically illustrating an exemplary configuration of a multi-beam antenna apparatus capable of implementing the techniques of the present disclosure.
- the multi-beam antenna device 10 may be an M ⁇ N multiple input/output (MIMO) antenna. Accordingly, the antenna device 10 may have M transmit channels and M receive channels.
- the antenna device 10 may include a digital processing unit 110 , an RF processing unit 120 , and an array antenna 130 .
- the digital processing unit 110 includes a fronthaul interface 1110 , a multi-beam former 1120 , a polarization synthesizer 1130 , a polarization allocator 1140 , and a magnitude-phase beam. It may be configured to include a government 1150 and a polarization conversion unit 1160 . Alternatively, as illustrated in FIGS. 2C and 2D , the digital processing unit 110 may include a polarization synthesizing unit 1170 and a polarization allocating unit 1180 instead of the polarization converting unit 1160 .
- the RF processing unit 120 may be configured to include a plurality of transmit RF chains (radio frequency chains 1210, 1210-1 to 1210-M) and a plurality of receive RF chains 1220, 1220-1 to 1220-M. .
- the configuration of the antenna device 10 of FIGS. 2A to 2D is an exemplary configuration drawn only for clarity. Any other suitable components of the antenna arrangement 10 may further be used in other embodiments. Each component of such an antenna device 10 typically employs dedicated hardware, for example, using one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and/or field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). can be implemented. Alternatively, some components may be implemented using software running on programmable hardware or a combination of hardware and software.
- ASICs application specific integrated circuits
- RFICs radio frequency integrated circuits
- FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
- the array antenna 130 may include a plurality of array elements or antenna elements arranged in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns.
- each array element may be a dual polarized antenna element having a dual polarization characteristic.
- Each of the plurality of array elements may be divided into a transmit antenna element and a receive antenna element.
- the transmit antenna element may be used for transmission of a signal
- the receive antenna element may be used for reception of a signal.
- the orthogonal polarization characteristics of the transmit antenna element and the orthogonal polarization characteristics of the receive antenna element may be the same or different from each other.
- each array element may be a quadruple polarized antenna element having a quadruple polarization characteristic. The polarization characteristics and structure of the array element will be described later with reference to FIGS. 3A to 3D .
- the antenna device 10 may implement polarization diversity by using orthogonal polarization characteristics provided by the array antenna 130 .
- the antenna device 10 may allocate dual orthogonal polarization to two transmission channels (or transmission signals) related to each transmission beam.
- the orthogonal polarization allocated to the transmission channels may be the same as or different from the dual orthogonal polarization characteristic of the transmission antenna element included in the array antenna 130 .
- the antenna device 10 may generate a transmission beam having an orthogonal polarization different from the orthogonal polarization characteristic of the transmission antenna element through polarization synthesis, and is different from the orthogonal polarization characteristic of the reception antenna element through polarization synthesis of the reception signals.
- a receive beam corresponding to a different orthogonal polarization may be formed (ie, a signal component corresponding to an orthogonal polarization different from the orthogonal polarization characteristic of the receive antenna element may be generated).
- the antenna device 10 may spatially separate the two types of orthogonal polarizations by allocating the two types of orthogonal polarizations to the transmission channels so that spatially adjacent beams have different orthogonal polarizations from each other.
- orthogonal polarizations composed of ⁇ 45 degree linear polarizations and orthogonal polarizations composed of vertical/horizontal (V/H) linear polarizations.
- V/H vertical/horizontal linear polarizations
- the techniques are also applicable to combinations of these orthogonal linear polarizations and orthogonal circular polarizations, which consist of left-circle/right-circle polarizations.
- the polarization synthesizing unit 1130 and the polarization allocating unit 1140 located in the transmission path may also be referred to as the transmission polarization combining unit 1130 and the transmission polarization allocating unit 1140, respectively, and polarization located in the receiving path.
- the synthesizer 1170 and the polarization allocator 1180 may also be referred to as a receive polarization synthesizer 1170 and a receive polarization allocator 1180, respectively.
- Transmission signals of the M transmission channels include a multi-beam former 1120 , a polarization synthesizer 1130 , a polarization allocator 1140 , a magnitude-phase corrector 1150 , and transmission RF chains 1210-1 to 1210- M) may be radiated in the form of a beam through the array antenna 130 through the transmission paths.
- Each of the transmission channels has a corresponding transmission path.
- the transmission signal may also be referred to as a downlink signal.
- the transmission path refers to a path through which a transmission signal travels within the antenna device 10 . Accordingly, the transmission path may be referred to as “a path along which a transmission signal travels” or “a path through which a transmission signal is processed”.
- transmission signals input through the fronthaul interface 1110 may be input to the polarization synthesizing unit 1130 and undergo a polarization synthesizing process.
- the polarization synthesizing unit 1130 may synthesize four polarization components for each pair of transmission signals to be radiated through a transmission antenna element, which will be described later, and output them to the polarization allocator 1140 .
- the polarization components output from the polarization synthesizer 1130 may be referred to as “polarized signals”. It should be noted that the polarized wave components synthesized by the polarization combining unit 1130 are fed to the array antenna 130 through subsequent components and radiated in free space, so that the actual polarization is synthesized.
- the polarization allocator 1140 may determine an orthogonal polarization to be allocated to two transmission channels (or two transmission signals) related to each transmission beam so that spatially adjacent transmission beams have different orthogonal polarizations.
- the polarization allocator 1140 may output some of the four polarization components synthesized by the polarization synthesizer 1130 to two transmission paths in response to the determined orthogonal polarization wave.
- the polarization components output to each transmission path are "polarized components of a transmission signal (polarized signals)" or “polarized components of a transmission channel (polarized signals)” or “transmission polarization components (transmission polarized signals)”. may be referred to.
- the orthogonal polarization of the transmit beam may be determined according to polarization components output from the polarization allocator 1140 and orthogonal polarization characteristics of the transmit antenna element. Polarization synthesis generated in the transmit antenna element according to polarization synthesis and polarization assignment will be described later with reference to FIG. 4 .
- the polarization component of each transmit signal is applied to the transmit RF chains 1210-1 to 1210-M. It is input to the magnitude-phase correction unit 1150 before reaching M).
- the magnitude and phase characteristics of an RF transmit path relate to the magnitude and phase changes that an RF signal experiences as it travels the RF transmit path provided by the transmit RF chain.
- the magnitude-phase compensator 1150 performs a function of compensating for variations in amplitude and phase characteristics between the transmission RF chains 1210-1 to 1210-M. Since the deviation of the magnitude characteristic has insignificant effect on beamforming, in general, it is common to equally calibrate only the phase for all paths. However, since the accuracy of polarization synthesis generated in the antenna array 130 according to the present invention greatly depends on the size and phase of the synthesized radio signals, the correction of the size and phase increases the accuracy of the polarization synthesis.
- the polarization components of the transmission signal that have undergone the magnitude-phase correction process may be converted into an analog signal in the transmission RF chain 1210 and processed as an RF signal.
- the transmit RF chain 1210 may include a digital to analog converter (DAC), a filter, a mixer for frequency up-conversion, a power amplifier (PA), and the like.
- DAC digital to analog converter
- PA power amplifier
- a transmission signal converted into analog by RF signal processing in the transmission RF chain 1210 may be radiated in the form of a beam through the array antenna 130 .
- the multi-beam former 1120 may precode the transmission signals to form a multi-beam in the array antenna 130 .
- the location of the multi-beam former 1120 on the transmission path of the antenna device 10 may vary depending on whether the weight vector (or precoding matrix) is used in the baseband or the RF band.
- the multi-beam former 1122 may be positioned prior to the transmission polarization synthesizer 1130 in a signal transmission path.
- the multi-beam forming unit 1122 performs digital beamforming.
- the (baseband) digital transmission signals may be converted into a plurality of precoded signals by applying a weight vector or a precoding matrix to the multi-beam former 1122 .
- the digital transmission signal may be branched into a plurality of signals having different phases and amplitudes according to an applied weight vector.
- the branched signals may be radiated in the form of a beam by constructively interfering at a specific angle or direction (a direction in which communication resources are to be concentrated) through the array antenna 130 . Accordingly, the direction and shape of the beam may be determined according to the value of the weight vector applied to the digital transmission signal.
- the multi-beam former 1124 may be located after the transmission RF chain 1210 in the signal transmission process. Accordingly, the multi-beam former 1124 may perform analog beamforming. In this case, the multi-beam former 1124 may branch an analog signal received from each transmit RF chain 1210 into a plurality of paths, and adjust the phase and amplitude of each of the branched signals.
- the beam former 1124 may include a plurality of phase shifters for adjusting the phase of each of the branched signals and a plurality of power amplifiers for adjusting the amplitude of each of the branched signals. That is, the phase shifter and the power amplifier process the weight vector in the analog domain.
- Analog signals whose phase and amplitude are adjusted may be radiated in a beam form by constructively interfering at a specific angle or direction through the array antenna 130 .
- the transmit RF chain 1210 may be removed from the antenna device 10 as its function may be substantially performed by the multi-beam former 1224 composed of analog components.
- reception signals (or uplink signals) corresponding to the M reception channels are received through the array antenna 130 , the reception RF chain 1220 , the magnitude-phase corrector 1150 , and the polarization converter ( 1160) (alternatively, the reception polarization synthesizer 1170 and the reception polarization allocator 1180) and the multi-beam former 1120 may be processed through reception paths.
- Each of the receive channels has a corresponding receive path.
- the received signal may also be referred to as an uplink signal.
- the reception path refers to a path through which a reception signal travels within the antenna device 10 . Accordingly, the receive path may be referred to as “a path through which a received signal travels” or “a path through which a received signal is processed”.
- Analog reception signals received through the array antenna 130 may be RF signal-processed in corresponding reception RF chains 1220-1 to 1220-M.
- Each reception RF chain 1220 may include an analog to digital converter (ADC), a filter, a mixer for frequency downconversion, a low noise amplifier (LNA), and the like.
- ADC analog to digital converter
- LNA low noise amplifier
- the received signal converted into a digital signal through the received RF chain 1220 is subjected to a process of correcting the deviation in magnitude and phase characteristics between the received RF chains 1220 - 1 to 1220 -M in the magnitude-phase corrector 1150 . can be rough
- the orthogonal polarization of the transmit beam (which is changed by the orthogonal polarization assignment of the transmit polarization allocator 1140) is defined by the orthogonal polarization characteristic of the receive antenna element. ) may be the same as or different from the orthogonal polarization of the received signal.
- the orthogonal polarization of the transmission beam is different from the orthogonal polarization of the received signal, the radio channel characteristics are different between the uplink and the downlink, so that the downlink/uplink channel reversibility is not established.
- the antenna device 10 may include a polarization conversion unit 1160 that corrects channel non-reciprocity by using polarization conversion.
- the polarization converter 1160 may perform polarization conversion on the received signals output from the magnitude-phase corrector 1150 to output polarization-converted signals having the same orthogonal polarization as the orthogonal polarization of the transmission beam.
- the polarization conversion unit 1160 performs polarization conversion on V/H polarized reception signals. Polarization-converted signals having the same orthogonal polarization ( ⁇ 45 degrees) as the orthogonal polarization of the transmission beam may be output.
- the polarization converter 1160 is Polarization conversion may not be performed on the received signals.
- the antenna device 10 includes a polarization synthesizing unit 1170 and a polarization allocating unit 1180 for correcting channel non-reciprocity using polarization synthesis and polarization assignment.
- a polarization synthesizing unit 1170 and a polarization allocating unit 1180 for correcting channel non-reciprocity using polarization synthesis and polarization assignment.
- the polarization synthesis unit 1170 may synthesize four polarization components for each pair of reception signals received through each reception antenna element and output them to the polarization allocation unit 1180 .
- the polarization components output from the polarization combining unit 1170 may be referred to as “polarized signals”.
- the polarization allocator 1180 may determine an orthogonal polarization to be allocated to two reception channels (or two reception signals) related to each reception antenna element.
- the polarization allocator 1180 may allocate the same orthogonal polarization as the orthogonal polarization (or orthogonal polarization of the transmission beam) set to the two corresponding transmission channels to the two reception channels.
- the polarization allocator 1180 corresponds to the determined orthogonal polarization, and among the four polarization components synthesized by the polarization synthesis unit 1170 , two polarizations to be transmitted to a digital unit (DU) through the fronthaul interface 1110 . components can be printed.
- the polarization components assigned for each receive channel are "polarized components of the receive channel (polarized signals)” or “polarized components of the receive signal (polarized signals)” or “receive polarization components (receive polarized signals)” may be referred to as
- the polarization allocator ( 1180 may output two polarization components corresponding to ⁇ 45 orthogonal polarization among the four polarization components synthesized by the polarization synthesis unit 1170 .
- the polarization allocator 1180 may output two polarization components corresponding to the V/H orthogonal polarization from among the four polarization components synthesized by the polarization combining unit 1170 .
- the received signals may include a plurality of signals, differing in phase and amplitude, corresponding to the associated receive antenna elements.
- the multi-beam former 1120 may adjust the phases and amplitudes of a plurality of signals, and then add the adjusted signals to generate or restore a received signal.
- This process may be understood as a reverse process of the process in which the multi-beam former 1120 forms a plurality of signals having different phases and amplitudes from a transmission signal.
- the multi-beam former 1122 is positioned after the polarization synthesizer 1160 and the reception polarization allocator 1180 in the reception path to perform digital beamforming, or FIG. 2B .
- FIG. 2B the multi-beam former 1122 is positioned after the polarization synthesizer 1160 and the reception polarization allocator 1180 in the reception path to perform digital beamforming
- the multi-beam former 1122 may be positioned between the array antenna 130 and the reception RF chain 1220 in the reception path to perform analog beamforming.
- the receive RF chain 1220 may be removed from the antenna device 10 as its function may also be performed by the multi-beam former 1224 substantially composed of analog components.
- the so-called “stand-alone base station” includes signal processing functions corresponding to each of a digital unit (DU) and a radio unit (RU) in one physical system, and one physical system is a service target installed in the area.
- DU digital unit
- RU radio unit
- the DU and the RU are physically separated, only the RU is installed in the service target area, and the BBU pool, which is a centralized DU, is each It has a control management function for a plurality of RUs forming an independent cell of
- the DU is a part responsible for digital signal processing and resource management control functions, and is connected to the core network through a backhaul.
- the RU is a part in charge of the radio signal processing function. It converts the digital signal received from the DU into a radio frequency signal according to the frequency band and amplifies it, and converts the RF signal received from the antenna into a digital signal and transmits it to the DU.
- the antenna device 10 may be installed in a stand-alone base station in which the DU and the RU are included in one physical system, or may be installed in an RU in a C-RAN structure in which the DU and the RU are physically separated.
- the description will be focused on an example in which the antenna device 10 is installed in an RU in a C-RAN structure.
- the baseband signal may be a signal that has undergone baseband processing such as a scrambling process, a modulation process, and a layer mapping process.
- the scrambling process corresponds to a process of encrypting a baseband signal using a scrambling signal in order to distinguish a base station or a terminal.
- the modulation process corresponds to a process of modulating the scrambled signals into a plurality of modulation (modulation) symbols.
- the scrambled signal is input to a modulation mapper (not shown) through a binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), or 16QAM/64QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) method according to a signal type and/or a channel state.
- BPSK binary phase shift keying
- QPSK quadrature phase shift keying
- 16QAM/64QAM quadrature amplitude modulation
- the layer mapping process corresponds to a process of mapping modulation symbols to one or more transport layers in order to separate signals for each antenna. For the modulation symbols obtained through the modulation process, a process of mapping the modulation symbols to resource elements may be further performed.
- the above processes may be performed in a centralized DU.
- the above processes may be performed in the DU in the base station.
- the exchange of signals or data between the DU and the RU is performed through a fronthaul or a fronthaul link.
- the fronthaul link is a link connecting a DU and an RU in a cellular radio access network.
- the fronthaul interface 1110 of the antenna device 10 is implemented to conform to standards such as Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), enhanced CPRI (eCPRI), Open Radio Equipment Interface (ORI), and Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI).
- CPRI Common Public Radio Interface
- eCPRI enhanced CPRI
- ORI Open Radio Equipment Interface
- OBSAI Open Base Station Architecture Initiative
- the antenna device 10 of the present invention When the antenna device 10 of the present invention is implemented in an RU, the antenna device 10 may be divided into a digital processing unit 110 , an RF processing unit 120 , and an array antenna 130 .
- the RF processing unit 120 is in charge of analog signal processing for transmission signals and reception signals.
- the RF processing unit 120 is configured to include the RF chains 1210 and 1220 as shown in FIG. 2A, or includes the RF chains 1210 and 1220 and the multi-beam former 1124 as shown in FIG. 2B. can be
- the digital processing unit 110 is in charge of digital signal processing for transmission signals and reception signals.
- the digital processing unit 110 may be implemented as a digital front end (DFE).
- DFE means replacing the existing analog functional blocks with digital signal processing (DSP) blocks.
- DSP digital signal processing
- the digital processing unit 110 may further perform an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operation and an FFT operation on the polarization-converted signals. Also, the digital processing unit 110 may insert a guard interval to prevent inter-symbol interference (ISI). To this end, the digital processing unit 110 may be configured to further include an IFFT unit (not shown)/FFT unit (not shown) and a cyclic prefix (CP) (not shown).
- IFFT inverse fast Fourier transform
- FFT inverse fast Fourier transform
- Antenna Elements of an Array Antenna
- 3A to 3D are diagrams for explaining various structures and orthogonal polarization characteristics of the antenna module 1310 that can be employed in the array antenna 130 of the antenna system of the present invention.
- the antenna module 1310 may include a pair of a transmit antenna element 1312 corresponding to a transmit antenna and a receive antenna element 1314 corresponding to a receive antenna.
- the transmit antenna element 1312 may be connected to the transmit lines Tx1 and Tx2 to transmit a signal
- the receive antenna element 1314 may be connected to the receive lines Rx1 and Rx2 to receive a signal.
- the transmit antenna element 1312 is a double polarized antenna element including two radiating elements having polarization characteristics orthogonal to each other, and the receive antenna element 1314 is also a double polarized wave including two radiating elements having orthogonal polarization characteristics to each other. antenna element.
- the orthogonal polarization characteristics of the transmit antenna element 1312 and the orthogonal polarization characteristics of the receive antenna element 1314 may be different (eg, refer to (b) and (c) of FIGS. 3A ).
- the radiating elements included in the transmit antenna element 1312 may have polarization characteristics of +45 degrees and -45 degrees, respectively, and the radiating elements included in the receive antenna element 1314 may have polarization characteristics of V and H, respectively. there is.
- the radiating elements included in the transmit antenna element 1312 may have polarization characteristics of V and H, respectively, and the radiating elements included in the receive antenna element 1314 may have polarization characteristics of +45 degrees and -45 degrees, respectively.
- the antenna module 1310 including dual orthogonal polarizations of the transmit antenna element 1312 and the double orthogonal polarization of the receive antenna element 1314, two kinds of orthogonal polarization characteristics can provide
- the orthogonal polarization characteristics of the transmit antenna element 1312 and the orthogonal polarization characteristics of the receive antenna element 1314 may be identical to each other (refer to (a) and (d) of FIG. 3A ).
- the transmit antenna element 1312 depending on the polarization components of the transmission signals to be transmitted through the transmission lines Tx1 and Tx2, as described below with reference to FIG. 4 , the transmit antenna element 1312 .
- a beam radiated from may have a dual orthogonal polarization direction different from a dual polarization characteristic of the transmit antenna element 1312 . Accordingly, even when the antenna module 1310 illustrated in (a) and (d) of FIG. 3A is used, the antenna device 10 may use a different double orthogonal polarization between the transmit beam and the receive beam.
- the two radiating elements constituting the transmitting antenna element 1312 are disposed to cross each other at the first intersection, and the radiating elements constituting the receiving antenna element 1314 are at the second intersection. They are arranged to cross each other. As the distance between the first intersection point and the second intersection point decreases, the efficiency of the area occupied by the antenna module 1310 increases.
- a pair of radiating elements constituting the receiving antenna element 1314 are (1) disposed adjacent to the left and upper sides of the transmitting antenna element 1312 (see (a) of FIG. 3b ), ( 2) disposed adjacent to the left and lower sides of the transmit antenna element 1312 (refer to (b) of FIG. 3B ), (3) disposed adjacent to the right and upper sides of the transmit antenna element 1312 (FIG. 3b ((b)) c)) and (4) adjacent to the right and lower sides of the transmit antenna element 1312 (see (d) of FIG. 3B ).
- a pair of radiating elements constituting the transmit antenna element 1312 are (1) disposed adjacent to the upper left and lower left sides of the receive antenna element 1314 (see (a) of FIG. 3C ) , (2) disposed adjacent to the lower left and lower right sides of the transmitting antenna element 1314 (see (b) of FIG. 3C ), or (3) disposed adjacent to the upper left and right sides of the receiving antenna element 1314 . or (refer to (c) of FIG. 3c) or (4) disposed adjacent to the upper right and lower right sides of the receiving antenna element 1314 (refer to (d) of FIG. 3C).
- one antenna element 1312 or 1314 is disposed adjacent to the side of the other antenna element 1314 or 1312 , so the antenna shown in FIG. 3A .
- An improved area efficiency compared to the module 1310 may be provided to the array antenna 130 .
- improvement in area efficiency may lead to convenience in manufacturing, installation, and maintenance.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram for explaining polarization synthesis and polarization assignment performed in relation to one transmit antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a receive antenna element and one receiving antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention
- It is a conceptual diagram for explaining polarization synthesis and polarization assignment performed in relation to each other.
- the transmit polarization synthesizer 1130 may synthesize and output four different polarization components from two transmit signals to be transmitted through one transmit antenna element 1312 .
- the transmission polarization synthesizer 1130 generates different polarization components (“S1”, “S2”, “S1 + S2”, and “S1 + S2e j ⁇ ”) from the transmission signals S1 and S2. ) can be synthesized and printed.
- “S1” and “S2” are used to generate beams having the same polarization direction as the polarization characteristic of the transmit antenna element 1312
- “S1 + S2” and “S1 + S2e j ⁇ " are the transmit antenna elements (1312) is used to generate beams having a different polarization direction than the polarization characteristic of (1312).
- composition of the polarization components performed by the transmit polarization synthesizer 1130 may be implemented through the matrix operation of Equation 1 below.
- Equation 1 above denotes a PVCD (polarization vector composition-decomposition) matrix.
- the elements of the third row and the elements of the fourth row of the PD matrix are A scale factor may be applied to . scale factor is can be
- the transmit polarization allocator 1140 is configured to be radiated through two radiating elements of the transmit antenna element 1312 from among the four polarization components of the transmit signals S1 and S2 output from the transmit polarization synthesizer 1130 .
- Polarization components can be output to two transmission paths.
- the transmission polarization assignment unit 1140 (1) “S1” and “S2” “ (refer to (a) of FIG. 4) or (2) “S1 + S2” and “S1 + S2e j ⁇ “ (refer to (b) of FIG. 4).
- beams emitted from the transmit antenna element 1312 having a ⁇ 45 degree orthogonal polarization characteristic may have a ⁇ 45 degree orthogonal polarization or V/H orthogonal polarization.
- the polarization component “S1” radiated through the radiating element having a +45° polarization characteristic is +45°
- a beam pattern having a polarization is formed, and the polarization component “S1” radiated through a radiation element having a -45° polarization characteristic forms a beam pattern having a -45° polarization. That is, the transmit antenna element 1312 having a ⁇ 45° orthogonal polarization characteristic forms a beam pattern having a ⁇ 45° orthogonal polarization.
- the first beam radiated through the radiation element having the +45 ⁇ polarization characteristic has a +45 ⁇ polarization orientation
- the radiating element has the -45 ⁇ polarization characteristic.
- the second beam emitted through the beam has a -45° polarization direction, and thus the first beam and the second beam are combined to obtain a composite beam having a V polarization direction.
- the third beam emitted through the radiation element having the +45 ⁇ polarization characteristic has a +45 ⁇ polarization direction
- the fourth beam is emitted through the radiation element having the -45 ⁇ polarization characteristic. It has this "-45 ⁇ + ⁇ " polarization direction, and thus the third beam and the fourth beam are combined to obtain a combined beam having a V polarization direction.
- the orthogonal polarization directions of the reception signals a and b are determined by the orthogonal polarization characteristics of the reception antenna element 1314 . do.
- the dual polarization characteristic of the receiving antenna element 1314 is V/H orthogonal polarization
- the received signals have V/H orthogonal polarization.
- the received signal (a) captured by the radiating element having the V polarization of the receiving antenna element 1314 is the S1 signal component S1 (V) of the V polarization and
- the received signal (b) comprising the S2 signal component S2(V) of V polarization and captured by the radiating element having H polarization is S1 signal component S1(H) of H polarization and S2 signal component S2(H) of H polarization ) is included.
- the reception polarization synthesizer 1170 may synthesize and output four different polarization components from the two reception signals a and b received by one reception antenna element 1314 .
- the polarization component synthesis performed by the receive polarization synthesizer 1170 may be implemented through the matrix operation of Equation (1).
- the reception polarization synthesizer 1170 receives different polarization components “a”, “b”, “a +” from the reception signals a and b for the RF signals S1 and S2.
- b" and "a + be j ⁇ ") can be synthesized and output.
- a” and “b” are polarization components having the same polarization direction as the polarization characteristic of the reception antenna element 1314
- “a + b” and “a + be j ⁇ ” are the polarization characteristics of the reception antenna element 1314 .
- the polarization component “a” has an S1 signal component S1(V) of the V polarization and an S2 signal component S2(V) of the V polarization
- the polarization component “b” is an S1 signal component S1(H) of the H polarization and It has an S2 signal component S2(H) of H polarization.
- the polarization component "a + b" is (1) the S1 signal component S1(V) of the V polarization and the S1 signal component S1(H) of the H polarization are synthesized.
- the S1 signal component S1 of the +45 ⁇ polarization (+45 ⁇ ) ) and (2) S2 signal component S2(V) of V polarization and S2 signal component S2(H) of H polarization have S2 signal component S2(+45 ⁇ ) of +45 ⁇ polarization synthesized.
- the polarization component "a + be j ⁇ " is (1) S1 signal component of -45 ⁇ polarization, in which S1 signal component S1(V) of V polarization and S1 signal component S1(H+ ⁇ ) of H+ ⁇ polarization are synthesized S1(-45 ⁇ ) and (2) V polarization S2 signal component S2(V) and H+ ⁇ polarization S2 signal component S2(H+ ⁇ ) synthesized -45 ⁇ polarization S2 signal component S2(-45) ⁇ ) has
- the reception polarization allocator 1180 may output two polarization components from among the polarization components of the reception signals a and b output from the reception polarization synthesis unit 1170 to two reception paths.
- the reception polarization allocator 1180 may include (1) “a” and “ b" (refer to (a) of FIG. 5) or (2) "a + b" and "a + be j ⁇ " (refer to (b) of FIG. 5).
- the antenna device 10 integrally performs polarization synthesis and polarization allocation for all transmission signals or transmission channels, one transmission polarization combining unit 1130 and one transmission polarization allocation It is illustrated as including the unit 1140 .
- the antenna device 10 includes a plurality of transmission polarization synthesis units and a plurality of transmission polarization allocation units that perform polarization synthesis and polarization allocation on transmission signals or transmission channels related to each transmission beam. It may be configured to Similarly, the antenna device 10 may be configured to include a plurality of receive polarization synthesizers and a plurality of receive polarization allocators. An example of such a configuration is shown in FIG. 6 .
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary structure for performing polarization synthesis and polarization allocation on transmission signals in an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the antenna device may be configured to include a plurality of polarization combining units 1130-1 to 1130-M, a plurality of polarization assignment units 1140-1 to 1140-M, and a polarization assignment control unit 1142 .
- the polarization allocation control unit 1142 integrally manages the polarization allocation of the transmission signals performed by the plurality of transmission polarization synthesizers 1130-1 to 1130-M.
- the polarization allocation controller 1142 may determine orthogonal polarization for each of the transmission channels based on the number of beams and orthogonal polarization of the reference beam.
- the number of beams means the number of beams to be generated using the array antenna 130
- the reference beam is any one predefined among multiple beams (eg, a first transmission channel among M transmission channels). and a transmission beam associated with the second transmission channel).
- the polarization allocation controller 1142 may determine the orthogonal polarization for each of the transmission channels so that neighboring transmission beams from among the plurality of transmission beams have different orthogonal polarizations.
- the polarization allocation control unit 1142 may generate allocation control signals for controlling allocation of orthogonal polarization to transmission channels.
- the polarization allocation control unit 1142 may transmit allocation control signals to the polarization allocation units 1140-1 to 1140-M.
- Each of the polarization allocators 1140-1 to 1140-M is configured to correspond to the orthogonal polarization indicated by the allocation control signal among the four polarization components generated by the corresponding polarization synthesizers 1130-1 to 1130-M. Polarization components can be output.
- the polarization components output by each of the polarization allocators 1140-1 to 1140-M are supplied to the corresponding transmit antenna element 1312 through subsequent components.
- Transmission signals to which the orthogonal polarization is allocated may be radiated as beams in different directions in free space through the transmission antenna elements 1312 .
- Such spatial polarization separation may be performed in one or more directions among a horizontal direction and a vertical direction.
- FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram for explaining spatial separation of polarized waves in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction provided by the antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the antenna device 10 may form c beams separated in the horizontal direction corresponding to c sectors by using the array antenna 130 , and the c sectors It is possible to form d beams separated in the vertical direction for each. That is, the antenna device 10 may provide 3D beamforming. The number of beams spatially separated in the vertical direction for each sector may be the same or different. Accordingly, the coverage area of the antenna device 10 may be divided into a maximum of c ⁇ d subsectors.
- the horizontally separated beams have different orthogonal polarizations between adjacent beams (ie, spatial polarization separation in the horizontal direction), so the correlation between horizontally adjacent beams may be sufficiently small.
- vertically separated beams have different orthogonal polarizations between adjacent beams (ie, vertical spatial polarization separation), and the correlation between vertically adjacent beams may be sufficiently small.
- beams having the same orthogonal polarization between adjacent sectors eg, the first beam of the first sector and the second beam of the second sector
- the antenna device 10 improves the correlation between orthogonal polarizations by allocating different orthogonal polarizations between beams spatially adjacent to each other, so that two kinds of orthogonal polarizations (ie, four different polarizations) provide It is possible to implement polarization reuse that can fully use the efficiency of polarization diversity.
- polarization reuse is inspired by frequency reuse.
- FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram for explaining temporal polarization separation provided by the antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the antenna device 10 allocates two types of orthogonal polarizations to a transmission channel and a reception channel so that a transmission beam and a reception beam formed in the same direction have different orthogonal polarizations. Polarizations can be separated in time.
- a region Tx indicated by hatching indicates a time period in which a signal is transmitted through the transmit antenna element 1312
- an area Rx not indicated by a hatching indicates a signal is received through the receiving antenna element 1314 . represents the time interval.
- an orthogonal polarization of ⁇ 45 degrees is used during the transmission time interval, and vertical/horizontal orthogonal polarization is used during the reception time interval, so that different orthogonal polarizations are temporally separated.
- an orthogonal polarization of ⁇ 45 degrees may be used during the receive time interval and a vertical/horizontal orthogonal polarization may be used during the transmit time interval.
- orthogonal polarization characteristics between a transmit antenna element and a receive antenna element used for TDD operation may be different from each other, and thus the orthogonal polarization used for signal transmission and signal reception is may be different from each other.
- channel reversibility is the premise that the channel characteristics of the downlink channel and the uplink channel are the same in the same frequency band. That is, channel reversibility refers to a property in which a downlink channel and an uplink channel have similar characteristics to each other.
- channel reversibility is used, it is possible for the base station to obtain a downlink channel response using the uplink channel response, or for the terminal to obtain an uplink channel response using the downlink channel response. Accordingly, it can be said that the channel reversibility is the greatest advantage of the Time Division Duplexing (TDD) scheme compared to the Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) scheme.
- TDD Time Division Duplexing
- FDD Frequency Division Duplexing
- FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a channel non-reciprocity problem that may occur when an antenna device uses a different double polarization between signal transmission and signal reception.
- the antenna device uses spatial polarization separation and temporal polarization separation. Accordingly, orthogonal polarization of a transmission beam formed toward a certain spatial direction may be different from orthogonal polarization characteristics of a receiving antenna element used to receive a radio signal from that spatial direction. For example, for a certain spatial direction, the transmit beam may have orthogonal polarization of ⁇ 45° and the receive antenna element may have orthogonal polarization of H/V. As another example, the transmit beam may have orthogonal polarization of H/V, and the receive antenna element may have orthogonal polarization of ⁇ 45°.
- the radio channel characteristics are different between the uplink and the downlink, and thereby channel reversibility between the downlink/uplink is not established. That is, channel non-reversibility occurs.
- This non-establishment of channel reversibility occurs when beamforming is not performed or CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal) transmitted by a base station (gNB) to a terminal (UE) in 5G NR It is not a problem when performing beamforming based on . However, in the case of performing beamforming based on a sounding reference signal (SRS), non-establishment of channel reversibility may deteriorate the performance of the antenna device.
- SRS sounding reference signal
- the SRS is an uplink reference signal transmitted by the UE to the base station gNB to estimate the state of the uplink channel.
- the UE periodically or aperiodically transmits the SRS to the base station gNB to uplink Channel status information can be reported.
- the base station gNB may obtain channel state information (CSI) of an uplink channel through the received SRS, and may determine a weight vector for downlink beamforming by using the obtained CSI.
- CSI channel state information
- the performance of the antenna device may be deteriorated when the weight vector obtained by using the SRS is used for downlink beamforming.
- the antenna device 10 matches the orthogonal polarization of the received signals to the orthogonal polarization of the transmission channels (or the transmission beam) through signal processing of the received signals. Correct the channel non-reciprocity (ie, ensure the channel reversibility).
- the channel non-reciprocity correction can be achieved by polarization conversion of the polarization converting unit 1160, alternatively by polarization synthesis and polarization assignment of the polarization combining unit 1170 and the polarization allocating unit 1180.
- polarization conversion of the polarization converting unit 1160 alternatively by polarization synthesis and polarization assignment of the polarization combining unit 1170 and the polarization allocating unit 1180.
- exemplary structures for correcting channel non-reciprocity and an operation thereof will be described with reference to FIGS. 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D.
- the exemplary structure of FIG. 10 includes a polarization conversion unit 1160 that performs a function of correcting channel non-reciprocity.
- the channel ratio/reversibility correction is need.
- two digital transmission signals to which ⁇ 45° orthogonal polarization is assigned are fed to the transmission antenna element 1312 through RF signal processing of the transmission RF chain 1210 .
- the transmit antenna element 1312 has a ⁇ 45° orthogonal polarization characteristic, and radio waves of the downlink channel have ⁇ 45° orthogonal polarization.
- the reception antenna element 1314 receives the radio wave of the uplink channel and outputs an analog reception signal.
- the reception antenna element 1314 has a V/H orthogonal polarization characteristic, and the analog reception signal corresponds to a V/H orthogonal polarization component of a radio wave.
- the analog reception signals are converted into digital reception signals through RF signal processing of the reception RF chain 1220 .
- the polarization converter 1160 outputs polarization-converted signals having the same orthogonal polarization as the orthogonal polarization of the downlink channel by performing polarization conversion on the digital reception signals.
- the polarization conversion performed by the polarization conversion unit 1160 may be implemented through the matrix operation of Equation 2 below.
- a and b are digital reception signals input to the polarization converter 1160 .
- a+b and a+be j ⁇ are polarization-converted reception signals output from the polarization conversion unit 1160 .
- PD polarization decomposition
- a scale factor may be applied to all elements in the PD matrix. scale factor is can be
- the polarization conversion unit 1160 outputs the input digital reception signals as they are without polarization conversion.
- the function of correcting the channel non-reciprocity is implemented by the polarization assignment control unit 1142 , the reception polarization synthesis unit 1170 , and the reception polarization wave assignment unit 1180 .
- the orthogonal polarization characteristic (V/H) of the receiving antenna element 1314 is different from the orthogonal polarization ( ⁇ 45°) of the radio wave (or transmit beam) of the downlink channel, the channel ratio/reversibility correction is need. Accordingly, the orthogonal polarization is different between the signals input to the receive polarization synthesizer 1170 and the signals output from the receive polarization allocator 1180 .
- the reception polarization synthesizing unit 1170 generates four polarization components with respect to a pair of transmission signals, and in response to a control signal from the polarization allocation control unit 1142 , the reception polarization allocation unit 1140 is Outputs two polarization components corresponding to ⁇ 45 ⁇ orthogonal polarization.
- the two polarization components are fed to the transmit antenna element 1312 via the transmit RF chain 1210 .
- the transmit antenna element 1312 has a ⁇ 45° orthogonal polarization characteristic, and a radio wave (or a transmit beam) of a downlink channel has a ⁇ 45° orthogonal polarization.
- the receive antenna element 1314 receives the radio wave of the uplink channel and outputs two analog receive signals.
- the reception antenna element 1314 has a V/H orthogonal polarization characteristic, and two analog reception signals correspond to V/H orthogonal polarization components of radio waves.
- the two analog receive signals are converted into two digital receive signals through RF signal processing of the receive RF chain 1220 .
- the reception polarization synthesizer 1170 may synthesize four orthogonal polarization components from two digital reception signals.
- the polarization assignment control unit 1142 selects the same orthogonal polarization (ie, ⁇ 45° orthogonal polarization) as the orthogonal polarization selected for the transmission polarization assignment unit 1140, and indicates the selected orthogonal polarization. and transmits an allocation control signal to the reception polarization allocation unit 1180 .
- the reception polarization allocator 1180 outputs two polarization components corresponding to the orthogonal polarization (ie, ⁇ 45° orthogonal polarization) indicated by the allocation control signal from among the four orthogonal polarization components.
- the orthogonal polarization characteristic (V/H) of the receiving antenna element 1314 matches the orthogonal polarization (V/H) of the radio wave (or transmit beam) of the downlink channel, the channel ratio/reciprocity correction is It is not necessary. Accordingly, the orthogonal polarization does not change between the signals input to the receive polarization synthesizer 1170 and the signals output from the receive polarization allocator 1314 .
- the reception polarization allocation unit 1140 in response to the control signal of the polarization allocation control unit 1142 , the reception polarization allocation unit 1140 outputs two polarization components corresponding to V/H orthogonal polarization waves.
- the two polarization components are fed to the transmit antenna element 1312 via the transmit RF chain 1210 .
- the transmit antenna element 1312 has a ⁇ 45° orthogonal polarization characteristic, and a radio wave (or a transmit beam) of a downlink channel has a V/H orthogonal polarization by polarization synthesis.
- the receive antenna element 1314 receives the radio wave of the uplink channel and outputs two analog receive signals.
- the reception antenna element 1314 has a V/H orthogonal polarization characteristic, and two analog reception signals correspond to V/H orthogonal polarization components of radio waves.
- the two analog receive signals are converted into two digital receive signals through RF signal processing of the receive RF chain 1220 .
- the reception polarization synthesizer 1170 may synthesize four orthogonal polarization components from two digital reception signals.
- the polarization assignment control unit 1142 selects the same orthogonal polarization (ie, V/H orthogonal polarization) as the orthogonal polarization selected for the transmission polarization assignment unit 1140 , and transmits an assignment control signal indicating the selected orthogonal polarization to the reception polarization assignment unit Send to (1180).
- the reception polarization allocator 1180 outputs two polarization components corresponding to the orthogonal polarization (ie, V/H orthogonal polarization) indicated by the allocation control signal from among the four orthogonal polarization components.
- the antenna device 10 performs polarization conversion or polarization synthesis and polarization allocation on the received signals input from the receiving antenna element 1314, and thus the downlink channel (or of the transmit beam).
- signal components corresponding to the same orthogonal polarization as the orthogonal polarization of the transmission channels may be output. Accordingly, the channel non-reciprocity between the uplink channel and the downlink channel can be corrected, and accordingly, the transmission beamforming performed based on the state information (CSI) of the uplink channel estimated from the SRS received through the uplink channel. Performance degradation can be prevented.
- CSI state information
- channel non-reciprocity is corrected through signal processing on received signals in the antenna device 10 implemented in the RU, channel reversibility can be secured in the DU.
- the magnitude-phase compensator 1150 may correct a variation in magnitude and phase variation of a polarization wave generated while RF signals travel through RF paths.
- the magnitude-phase correction unit 1150 may be implemented as one component that integrally performs magnitude and phase correction on a plurality of transmission/reception signals or transmission/reception channels, and alternatively, a plurality of transmission/reception channels. It may consist of a plurality of modules that individually perform magnitude and phase correction for each of the received signals or transmit/receive channels.
- the magnitude and phase correction may be applied to all RF paths, but may be applied to transmission paths requiring polarization synthesis among a plurality of RF transmission paths and receiving paths requiring channel non-reciprocity correction among a plurality of RF receiving paths. It may be selectively applied only to
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary structure for performing transmission polarization synthesis calibration in an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the magnitude-phase correction unit 1150 may include a correction controller 1152 and a plurality of correction execution units 1154 .
- the correction control unit 1152 integrally manages magnitude and phase correction performed for a plurality of transmission channels.
- the correction control unit 1152 compares “polarization components output from the transmission polarization assignment unit 1140” with “polarization components output from the transmission RF chain 1210” to be performed by the correction execution unit 1154 .
- a correction control signal for controlling correction of magnitude and phase may be generated.
- the correction control signal may include a magnitude value and a phase value to be compensated.
- the correction control unit 1152 may transmit a correction control signal to each correction execution unit 1154 .
- Each correction execution unit 1154 may perform magnitude and phase correction based on the correction control signal.
- the size and Phase correction may be applied.
- the correction control unit 1152 does not transmit a correction control signal to the associated correction execution unit 1154, or the magnitude value and the phase value to be compensated are 0 (zero), respectively.
- the correction control signal set to ? may be transmitted to the relevant correction execution unit 1154 .
- the correction control unit 1152 does not transmit the correction control signal to the correction execution unit 1154-1 or transmits the correction control signal in which the magnitude value and the phase value to be compensated are set to 0 (zero), respectively, to the correction execution unit 1154 - 1 1) can be sent to
- the polarization allocator 1140 -E outputs the polarization components “i + j” and “i + je j ⁇ ” to the two transmission channels, respectively, the transmission beam emitted from the related transmission antenna element 1312 is polarized.
- the correction control unit 1152 compares the polarization components output from the "transmission polarization allocation unit 1140-E and the polarization components output from the transmission RF chains 1210 E-1 and 1210 E-2, and transmits It is possible to calculate a deviation between the RF chains 1210 E-1 and 1210 E-2 and generate a correction control signal for controlling the correction of magnitude and phase to be performed by the correction execution unit 1154-E.
- the correction execution unit 1154-E adjusts the magnitude and phase of the polarization components output from the transmission polarization allocator 1140-E based on the correction control signal, and adjusts the transmit RF chain 1210 E-1 and the transmit RF chain. It is possible to compensate for variations in the magnitude and phase characteristics of the RF path between (1210 E-2).
- the structure illustrated in FIG. 12 and the method of operation thereof may be equally applied to compensating for deviations in size and phase characteristics of RF paths between receiving RF chains 1210-1 to 1210-M.
- a multi-beam antenna apparatus includes an array antenna including transmit antenna elements used to form a plurality of transmit beams and receive antenna elements used to form a plurality of receive beams.
- the multi-beam antenna apparatus may generate a plurality of transmission polarization components from transmission signals corresponding to a pair of transmission channels related to each transmission beam (S1310).
- the multi-beam antenna apparatus includes a pair of transmit beams corresponding to a first orthogonal polarization among the plurality of transmit polarization components for a pair of transmit channels related to each transmit beam so that spatially adjacent transmit beams have different orthogonal polarizations.
- a pair of transmission polarization components or a pair of transmission polarization components corresponding to the second orthogonal polarization may be output ( S1320 ).
- a transmit beam having the first orthogonal polarization may be formed (ie, polarization synthesis occurs). I never do that).
- a transmission beam having the second orthogonal polarization may be formed by polarization synthesis.
- the multi-beam antenna apparatus may adjust magnitudes and phases of the pair of transmission polarization components to correct deviations in magnitude and phase characteristics between a pair of transmission paths corresponding to a pair of transmission channels associated with each transmission beam. There is (S1330).
- Correcting the deviation in magnitude and phase characteristics between the transmission paths may be performed only when the transmission beam has an orthogonal polarization different from the orthogonal polarization characteristics of the transmission antenna elements by polarization synthesis. That is, when orthogonal polarization of a given transmit beam is different from orthogonal polarization characteristics of related transmit antenna elements, the multi-beam antenna apparatus is configured to correct deviations in magnitude and phase characteristics between a pair of transmit paths related to the given transmit beam. For this purpose, the magnitude and phase may be adjusted for a pair of transmit polarization components.
- the multi-beam antenna device does not correct deviations in magnitude and phase characteristics between a pair of transmit paths related to the given transmit beam. it may not be
- the multi-beam antenna device includes a pair of reception paths output from a pair of reception paths in order to correct deviations in magnitude and phase characteristics between a pair of reception paths corresponding to a pair of reception channels associated with each reception beam.
- the magnitude and phase of the signals may be adjusted (S1340).
- Correcting the deviation of magnitude and phase characteristics between the receiving paths is performed by using a pair of input from a receiving antenna element having an orthogonal polarization characteristic different from the orthogonal polarization characteristic of the corresponding transmission beam (thus requiring channel non-reciprocity correction). It can be performed only on received signals. Accordingly, when orthogonal polarization characteristics of receive antenna elements associated with a given receive beam are different from orthogonal polarization of a transmit beam that is spatially formed toward the same direction, the multi-beam antenna device performs a pair of receive signals associated with the given receive beam. The magnitude and phase of a pair of received signals may be adjusted in order to compensate for variations in magnitude and phase characteristics between paths.
- the multi-beam antenna device performs a pair of receive signals related to the given receive beam. Deviations in magnitude and phase characteristics between paths may not be corrected.
- the multi-beam antenna apparatus may perform channel non-reciprocity correction on reception signals corresponding to a pair of reception channels related to each reception beam ( S1350 ).
- the multi-beam antenna device as part of performing the channel non-reciprocity correction ( S1350 ), the multi-beam antenna device, from the received signals corresponding to a pair of receive channels associated with each receive beam, spatially and to generate polarization-converted signals corresponding to orthogonal polarization of a transmission beam formed in the same direction.
- the multi-beam antenna device polarizes a pair of reception signals input from a reception antenna element having an orthogonal polarization characteristic different from the orthogonal polarization characteristic of a corresponding transmission beam (thus requiring channel non-reciprocity correction). Transformation may be performed to output a pair of receive polarization components corresponding to orthogonal polarizations of transmit beams that are spatially formed toward the same direction.
- the multi-beam antenna device includes a plurality of receive polarization components from receive signals corresponding to a pair of receive channels associated with each receive beam. can create In addition, the multi-beam antenna device, for a pair of reception channels related to each reception beam, from among the plurality of reception polarization components, corresponding to orthogonal polarizations of the transmission beams spatially formed toward the same direction, a pair of It is possible to output the receive polarization components.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 2종의 직교 편파들을 이용하는 다중 빔 안테나 장치에 의해 수행되는 방법으로서, 상기 다중 빔 안테나 장치는 복수의 송신 빔을 형성하기 위해 사용되는 송신 안테나 엘리먼트들과 복수의 수신 빔을 형성하기 위해 사용되는 수신 안테나 엘리먼트들을 포함하는 어레이 안테나를 구비하고, 상기 방법은,각 송신 빔과 관련된 한 쌍의 송신 채널에 대응되는 송신 신호들로부터 복수의 송신 편파 성분들을 생성하는 단계;공간적으로 인접한 송신 빔들이 서로 상이한 직교 편파를 가지도록, 각 송신 빔과 관련된 한 쌍의 송신 채널에 대해, 상기 복수의 송신 편파 성분들 중에서 제1 직교 편파에 대응하는 한 쌍의 송신 편파 성분들 또는 제2 직교 편파에 대응하는 한 쌍의 송신 편파 성분들을 출력하는 단계; 및각 수신 빔과 관련된 한 쌍의 수신 채널에 대응하는 수신 신호들로부터, 각 수신 빔과 공간적으로 동일한 방향을 향해 형성되는 송신 빔의 직교 편파에 상응하는 편파 변환된 신호들을 생성하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 직교 편파에 대응하는 한 쌍의 송신 편파 성분들은 상기 제1 직교 편파를 가지는 상기 송신 안테나 엘리먼트들에 방사되는 경우에, 상기 제1 직교 편파를 가지는 송신 빔을 형성하고,상기 제2 직교 편파에 대응하는 한 쌍의 송신 편파 성분들은 상기 제1 직교 편파를 가지는 상기 송신 안테나 엘리먼트들에 방사되는 경우에, 편파 합성에 의한 상기 제2 직교 편파를 가지는 송신 빔을 형성하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,각 송신 빔과 관련된 한 쌍의 송신 경로들 간의 크기 및 위상 특성의 편차를 보정하기 위해 상기 한 쌍의 송신 편파 성분들의 크기 및 위상을 조정하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,주어진 송신 빔의 직교 편파가 관련된 송신 안테나 엘리먼트들의 직교 편파 특성과 상이한 경우에, 상기 주어진 송신 빔과 관련된 한 쌍의 송신 경로들 간의 크기 및 위상 특성의 편차를 보정하기 위해 한 쌍의 송신 편파 성분들에 대해 크기 및 위상을 조정하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,각 수신 빔과 관련된 한 쌍의 수신 경로들 간의 크기 및 위상 특성의 편차를 보정하기 위해 상기 한 쌍의 수신 편파 성분들의 크기 및 위상을 조정하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,주어진 수신 빔과 관련된 수신 안테나 엘리먼트들의 직교 편파 특성이 공간적으로 동일한 방향을 향해 형성되는 송신 빔의 직교 편파와는 상이한 경우에, 상기 주어진 수신 빔과 관련된 한 쌍의 수신 경로들 간의 크기 및 위상 특성의 편차를 보정하기 위해 한 쌍의 수신 신호들에 대해 크기 및 위상을 조정하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 송신 안테나 엘리먼트들과 상기 수신 안테나 엘리먼트는 서로 상이한 직교 편파 특성을 가지는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 송신 안테나 엘리먼트들과 상기 수신 안테나 엘리먼트는 서로 동일한 직교 편파 특성을 가지는, 방법.
- 2종의 직교 편파들을 이용하는 다중 빔 안테나 장치로서,복수의 송신 빔을 형성하기 위해 사용되는 송신 안테나 엘리먼트들과 복수의 수신 빔을 형성하기 위해 사용되는 수신 안테나 엘리먼트들을 포함하는 어레이 안테나;각 송신 빔과 관련된 한 쌍의 송신 채널에 대응되는 송신 신호들로부터 복수의 송신 편파 성분들을 생성하는 송신 편파 합성부;공간적으로 인접한 송신 빔들이 서로 상이한 직교 편파를 가지도록, 각 송신 빔과 관련된 한 쌍의 송신 채널에 대해, 상기 복수의 송신 편파 성분들 중에서 제1 직교 편파에 대응하는 한 쌍의 송신 편파 성분들 또는 제2 직교 편파에 대응하는 한 쌍의 송신 편파 성분들을 출력하는 송신 편파 할당부; 및각 수신 빔과 관련된 한 쌍의 수신 채널에 대응하는 수신 신호들로부터, 각 수신 빔과 공간적으로 동일한 방향을 향해 형성되는 송신 빔의 직교 편파에 상응하는 편파 변환된 신호들을 생성하는 편파 변환부를 포함하는, 다중 빔 안테나 장치.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 제1 직교 편파에 대응하는 한 쌍의 송신 편파 성분들은 상기 제1 직교 편파를 가지는 상기 송신 안테나 엘리먼트들에 방사되는 경우에, 상기 제1 직교 편파를 가지는 송신 빔을 형성하고,상기 제2 직교 편파에 대응하는 한 쌍의 송신 편파 성분들은 상기 제1 직교 편파를 가지는 상기 송신 안테나 엘리먼트들에 방사되는 경우에, 편파 합성에 의한 상기 제2 직교 편파를 가지는 송신 빔을 형성하는, 다중 빔 안테나 장치.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 복수의 송신 채널들에 대응하는 복수의 송신 경로들을 형성하는 복수의 송신 RF 체인 및 상기 복수의 수신 채널들에 대응하는 복수의 수신 경로들을 형성하는 복수의 수신 RF 체인; 및각 송신 빔과 관련된 한 쌍의 송신 경로들 간의 크기 및 위상 특성의 편차를 보정하기 위해 상기 한 쌍의 송신 편파 성분들의 크기 및 위상을 조정하고, 각 수신 빔과 관련된 한 쌍의 수신 경로들 간의 크기 및 위상 특성의 편차를 보정하기 위해 상기 한 쌍의 수신 신호들에 대해 크기 및 위상을 조정 크기-위상 보정부를 더 포함하는, 다중 빔 안테나 장치.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 크기-위상 보정부는,주어진 송신 빔의 직교 편파가 관련된 송신 안테나 엘리먼트들의 직교 편파 특성과 상이한 경우에, 상기 주어진 송신 빔과 관련된 한 쌍의 송신 경로들 간의 크기 및 위상 특성의 편차를 보정하기 위해 한 쌍의 송신 편파 성분들에 대해 크기 및 위상을 조정하도록 구성된, 다중 빔 안테나 장치.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 크기-위상 보정부는,주어진 수신 빔과 관련된 수신 안테나 엘리먼트들의 직교 편파 특성이 공간적으로 동일한 방향을 향해 형성되는 송신 빔의 직교 편파와는 상이한 경우에, 상기 주어진 수신 빔과 관련된 한 쌍의 수신 경로들 간의 크기 및 위상 특성의 편차를 보정하기 위해 한 쌍의 수신 신호들에 대해 크기 및 위상을 조정하도록 구성된, 다중 빔 안테나 장치.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 송신 안테나 엘리먼트들과 상기 수신 안테나 엘리먼트는 서로 상이한 직교 편파 특성을 가지는, 다중 빔 안테나 장치.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 송신 안테나 엘리먼트들과 상기 수신 안테나 엘리먼트는 서로 동일한 직교 편파 특성을 가지는, 다중 빔 안테나 장치.
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JP2023548170A (ja) | 2023-11-15 |
WO2022098117A1 (ko) | 2022-05-12 |
JP2023548171A (ja) | 2023-11-15 |
US20230268648A1 (en) | 2023-08-24 |
US20230268963A1 (en) | 2023-08-24 |
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