WO2022096835A1 - Composition de caoutchouc de bande de roulement de pneumatique - Google Patents
Composition de caoutchouc de bande de roulement de pneumatique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022096835A1 WO2022096835A1 PCT/FR2021/051954 FR2021051954W WO2022096835A1 WO 2022096835 A1 WO2022096835 A1 WO 2022096835A1 FR 2021051954 W FR2021051954 W FR 2021051954W WO 2022096835 A1 WO2022096835 A1 WO 2022096835A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- phr
- composition according
- butadiene
- elastomer
- styrene
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 181
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 152
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920003244 diene elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 182
- -1 alkylaluminum halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920006026 co-polymeric resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 26
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 42
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 35
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 30
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 30
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 18
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 15
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 15
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- PZJJKWKADRNWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilicon Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)OC PZJJKWKADRNWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 14
- QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)OCC QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 12
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Natural products CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 10
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 9
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 9
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OTARVPUIYXHRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy-methyl-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 OTARVPUIYXHRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 8
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 7
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000005234 alkyl aluminium group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JYQWRLOXOGJYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1CO1)NN=C=O Chemical class C(C1CO1)NN=C=O JYQWRLOXOGJYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241001441571 Hiodontidae Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 125000001664 diethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000001510 limonene Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229940087305 limonene Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001206 Neodymium Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)aluminum Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al]CC(C)C SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CWAFVXWRGIEBPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH3] CWAFVXWRGIEBPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH3] ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- OWRCNXZUPFZXOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diphenylguanidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=N)NC1=CC=CC=C1 OWRCNXZUPFZXOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CQQUWTMMFMJEFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n,n-diethylacetamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)CCl CQQUWTMMFMJEFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZZMVLMVFYMGSMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)-1-n-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC(NC(C)CC(C)C)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 ZZMVLMVFYMGSMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 description 3
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004497 NIR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001541 aziridines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ZXPDYFSTVHQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH2]OCC ZXPDYFSTVHQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012156 elution solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002270 exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- DEQZTKGFXNUBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)cyclohexanamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NSC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1 DEQZTKGFXNUBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004665 trialkylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N (+)-α-limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)[C@@H]1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-SNVBAGLBSA-N (-)-α-limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)[C@H]1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKBQRJBETDMEFN-ILRZCOILSA-N (e)-n-[bis[[(e)-butan-2-ylideneamino]oxy]-phenylsilyl]oxybutan-2-imine Chemical compound CC\C(C)=N\O[Si](O\N=C(/C)CC)(O\N=C(/C)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 XKBQRJBETDMEFN-ILRZCOILSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IQXXEPZFOOTTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpiperazine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CN1CCNCC1 IQXXEPZFOOTTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGCYRFWNGRMRJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylpiperazine Chemical compound CCN1CCNCC1 WGCYRFWNGRMRJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QEDJMOONZLUIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butyl-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 QEDJMOONZLUIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylbutane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=C SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-D Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZEBFPAXSQXIPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylpyrrolidine Chemical compound CC1CCC(C)N1 ZEBFPAXSQXIPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNVIQLPOGUDBSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylmorpholine Chemical compound CC1CNCC(C)O1 HNVIQLPOGUDBSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IFNWESYYDINUHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CC1CNCC(C)N1 IFNWESYYDINUHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SDGKUVSVPIIUCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1CCCC(C)N1 SDGKUVSVPIIUCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PULOARGYCVHSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-3,4,5-tris(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)phenol Chemical compound C1OC1CC1=C(CC2OC2)C(N)=C(O)C=C1CC1CO1 PULOARGYCVHSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethenylbenzene Chemical class ClC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTHJQRHPNQEPAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethenylbenzene Chemical class COC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 CTHJQRHPNQEPAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOMNTHCQHJPVAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpiperazine Chemical compound CC1CNCCN1 JOMNTHCQHJPVAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDODDZJCEADUQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1(C)CCCNC1 CDODDZJCEADUQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIZKZVQBLDHKCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaspiro[5.5]undecane Chemical compound C1CCCCC21CCNCC2 LIZKZVQBLDHKCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAUAZXVRLVIARB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[4-[bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)amino]phenyl]methyl]-n,n-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)aniline Chemical compound C1OC1CN(C=1C=CC(CC=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(CC2OC2)CC2OC2)=CC=1)CC1CO1 FAUAZXVRLVIARB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JCQLPDZCNSVBMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenylmethoxy-1h-indole Chemical compound C=1C=C2NC=CC2=CC=1OCC1=CC=CC=C1 JCQLPDZCNSVBMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBHMNMQTGGYSGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C=NN(CC1OC1)OCC1OC1 Chemical class O=C=NN(CC1OC1)OCC1OC1 BBHMNMQTGGYSGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSIQJIWKELUFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azepane Chemical compound C1CCCNCC1 ZSIQJIWKELUFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HONIICLYMWZJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azetidine Chemical compound C1CNC1 HONIICLYMWZJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXNDZONIWRINJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N azocane Chemical compound C1CCCNCCC1 QXNDZONIWRINJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011208 chromatographic data Methods 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PJIFJEUHCQYNHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy-(3-isocyanatopropyl)-methylsilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)CCCN=C=O PJIFJEUHCQYNHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QUPDWYMUPZLYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl Chemical compound C[CH2] QUPDWYMUPZLYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BLHLJVCOVBYQQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CC BLHLJVCOVBYQQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CCZVEWRRAVASGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methanidylpropane Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)[CH2-] CCZVEWRRAVASGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclopentane Chemical compound CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYXXKJEDCHMGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCC[CH]CCCC ZCYXXKJEDCHMGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N normal nonane Natural products CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010690 paraffinic oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- JKPSVOHVUGMYGH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-[[3-methoxycarbonyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]sulfonylcarbamoyl]azanide Chemical compound [Na+].COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)N=C1S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)[N-]C1=NC(OC)=CC(OC)=N1 JKPSVOHVUGMYGH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- TXDNPSYEJHXKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylsilane Chemical class S[SiH3] TXDNPSYEJHXKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UVVUGWBBCDFNSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraisocyanatosilane Chemical compound O=C=N[Si](N=C=O)(N=C=O)N=C=O UVVUGWBBCDFNSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylalumane Chemical compound CCCC[Al](CCCC)CCCC SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-pinene Chemical compound CC1=CCC2C(C)(C)C1C2 GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTARULDDTDQWMU-RKDXNWHRSA-N (+)-β-pinene Chemical compound C1[C@H]2C(C)(C)[C@@H]1CCC2=C WTARULDDTDQWMU-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTARULDDTDQWMU-IUCAKERBSA-N (-)-Nopinene Natural products C1[C@@H]2C(C)(C)[C@H]1CCC2=C WTARULDDTDQWMU-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APPOKADJQUIAHP-GGWOSOGESA-N (2e,4e)-hexa-2,4-diene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C\C APPOKADJQUIAHP-GGWOSOGESA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZHGRUMIRATHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 JZHGRUMIRATHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-vinylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=CC=CC2=C1 IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-IUCAKERBSA-N 1S,5S-(-)-alpha-Pinene Natural products CC1=CC[C@@H]2C(C)(C)[C@H]1C2 GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMWCQCYUKQZPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethyl-3-methylidenepent-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)C(=C)C(C)=C HMWCQCYUKQZPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEVQZPWSVWZAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(bromomethyl)-1-iodo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=C(I)C(CBr)=C1 YEVQZPWSVWZAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDELBHCVXBSVPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1,3,5-trimethylbenzene Chemical group CC1=CC(C)=C(C=C)C(C)=C1 PDELBHCVXBSVPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJKDOMVGKKPJBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(O)=O LJKDOMVGKKPJBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJXJBPMWCKMWLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-methylidenepent-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(C)=C PJXJBPMWCKMWLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)=C MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLLXMBCBJGATSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenol Chemical class OC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XLLXMBCBJGATSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAOZZYBUAWEDRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethylidenehexane Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(=C)CC OAOZZYBUAWEDRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)C=C YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHIPJALLQVEEQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-n,n-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)aniline Chemical compound C1OC1COC(C=C1)=CC=C1N(CC1OC1)CC1CO1 AHIPJALLQVEEQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001133760 Acoelorraphe Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SAIKULLUBZKPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bis(2-ethylhexyl) amine Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CNCC(CC)CCCC SAIKULLUBZKPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000020518 Carthamus tinctorius Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003255 Carthamus tinctorius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JYFHYPJRHGVZDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCC JYFHYPJRHGVZDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclohexylamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC1CCCCC1 XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C2C3CC=CC3C1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHOQXEIFYTTXJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutylene-isoprene copolymer Chemical compound CC(C)=C.CC(=C)C=C VHOQXEIFYTTXJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010678 Paulownia tomentosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002834 Paulownia tomentosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005679 Peltier effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- WTARULDDTDQWMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pseudopinene Natural products C1C2C(C)(C)C1CCC2=C WTARULDDTDQWMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAECOWNUKCLBPZ-HIUWNOOHSA-N Triolein Natural products O([C@H](OCC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC)C(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC BAECOWNUKCLBPZ-HIUWNOOHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioleoylglycerol Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011000 absolute method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006271 aliphatic hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000746 allylic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XCPQUQHBVVXMRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Fenchene Natural products C1CC2C(=C)CC1C2(C)C XCPQUQHBVVXMRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MVNCAPSFBDBCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-pinene Natural products CC1=CCC23C1CC2C3(C)C MVNCAPSFBDBCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006272 aromatic hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001636 atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930006722 beta-pinene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLLYOYVKQDKAHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;2-methylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C=CC=C.CC(=C)C=C VLLYOYVKQDKAHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTACIUYXLGWTAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 RTACIUYXLGWTAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZKRXPZXQLARHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-dienylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XZKRXPZXQLARHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007707 calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003211 cis-1,4-polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003926 complexometric titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(O)=O QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001934 cyclohexanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- CDHICTNQMQYRSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N di(propan-2-yl)alumane Chemical compound CC(C)[AlH]C(C)C CDHICTNQMQYRSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFZSMODLJJCVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(SSC=3SC4=CC=CC=C4N=3)=NC2=C1 AFZSMODLJJCVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WITDFSFZHZYQHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzylcarbamothioylsulfanyl n,n-dibenzylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CN(CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(CC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WITDFSFZHZYQHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBLZFQBDODEHJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylalumane Chemical compound C(CCC)[AlH]CCCC KBLZFQBDODEHJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004915 dibutylamino group Chemical group C(CCC)N(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- ASGKDLGXPOIMTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy-methyl-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](C)(OCC)OCC)CCC2OC21 ASGKDLGXPOIMTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJXBDPDUCXORKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylalumane Chemical compound CC[AlH]CC HJXBDPDUCXORKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylaluminium chloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)CC YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTDKEJXHILZNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCCCCCC HTDKEJXHILZNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNPSMYTXIPVJDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctylalumane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC)[AlH]CCCCCCCC GNPSMYTXIPVJDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAWOZCWGWDVVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCC LAWOZCWGWDVVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJZUIWBZDGBLKK-UHFFFAOYSA-M dipentyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCOP([O-])(=O)OCCCCC WJZUIWBZDGBLKK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XOCWTYIVWYOSGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylalumane Chemical compound C(CC)[AlH]CCC XOCWTYIVWYOSGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylamine Chemical compound CCCNCCC WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004426 flaxseed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LCWMKIHBLJLORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-carene Natural products C1CC(=C)CC2C(C)(C)C21 LCWMKIHBLJLORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940087559 grape seed Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002357 guanidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940083094 guanine derivative acting on arteriolar smooth muscle Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AFRJJFRNGGLMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium amide Chemical class [Li+].[NH2-] AFRJJFRNGGLMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- VILGDADBAQFRJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(SN(SC=3SC4=CC=CC=C4N=3)C(C)(C)C)=NC2=C1 VILGDADBAQFRJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAYXSROKFZAHRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)aniline Chemical compound C1OC1CN(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1CO1 JAYXSROKFZAHRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUJLOAKJZQBENM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(SNC(C)(C)C)=NC2=C1 IUJLOAKJZQBENM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMAUJSNXENPPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-n-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N(C1CCCCC1)SC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1 CMAUJSNXENPPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBYVIBDTOCAXSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butan-2-ylbutan-2-amine Chemical compound CCC(C)NC(C)CC OBYVIBDTOCAXSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXSXRABJBXYMFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCNCCCCCC PXSXRABJBXYMFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIWRFSMVIUAEBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-1-phenylmethanamine Chemical compound CNCC1=CC=CC=C1 RIWRFSMVIUAEBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JACMPVXHEARCBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentylpentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCNCCCCC JACMPVXHEARCBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYUWTXWIYMHBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-prop-2-enylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound C=CCNCC=C DYUWTXWIYMHBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZNFWGVDYGAMJB-UHFFFAOYSA-K neodymium(3+);phosphate Chemical compound [Nd+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O DZNFWGVDYGAMJB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002900 organolithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001979 organolithium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperylene Natural products CC=CC=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003192 poly(bis maleimide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002589 poly(vinylethylene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QROGIFZRVHSFLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-enylbenzene Chemical class CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 QROGIFZRVHSFLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006235 reinforcing carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- JPPLPDOXWBVPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) octanethioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)SCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC JPPLPDOXWBVPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003638 stannyl group Chemical group [H][Sn]([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QAZLUNIWYYOJPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfenamide Chemical compound [Cl-].COC1=C(C)C=[N+]2C3=NC4=CC=C(OC)C=C4N3SCC2=C1C QAZLUNIWYYOJPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002813 thiocarbonyl group Chemical group *C(*)=S 0.000 description 1
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VALAJCQQJWINGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(propan-2-yl)alumane Chemical compound CC(C)[Al](C(C)C)C(C)C VALAJCQQJWINGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIYNWDQDHKSRCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylalumane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1[Al](C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 ZIYNWDQDHKSRCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTHOKNTVYKTUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyltetrasulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCSSSSCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC VTHOKNTVYKTUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Al](CCCCCC)CCCCCC ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005591 trimellitate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFXVBWRMVZPLFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Al](CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC LFXVBWRMVZPLFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N triolein Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOJQVUCWSDRWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripentylalumane Chemical compound CCCCC[Al](CCCCC)CCCCC JOJQVUCWSDRWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylalumane Chemical compound CCC[Al](CCC)CCC CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAKQLTYPVIOBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylalumane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Al](C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C RTAKQLTYPVIOBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012936 vulcanization activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUMBZPPBWALQRO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;n,n-dibenzylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].C=1C=CC=CC=1CN(C(=S)[S-])CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1CN(C(=S)[S-])CC1=CC=CC=C1 AUMBZPPBWALQRO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/25—Incorporating silicon atoms into the molecule
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
- B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/22—Incorporating nitrogen atoms into the molecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/30—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule
- C08C19/42—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule reacting with metals or metal-containing groups
- C08C19/44—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule reacting with metals or metal-containing groups of polymers containing metal atoms exclusively at one or both ends of the skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F136/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F136/02—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F136/04—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
- C08F136/06—Butadiene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
- C08L9/06—Copolymers with styrene
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to tires with tread, in particular with snow, winter or all-season tread, suitable for running on snow-covered ground (in English called “snow tires”, “winter tires” or “ all season”).
- snow tires marked with an M+S or M.S. or even M&S inscription, marked on their sidewalls are characterized by a tread design and a structure intended above all to belay in mud and fresh snow. or melting behavior better than that of road type tires (in English called “road type tyre”) designed to run on non-snow-covered ground.
- Snow-covered soils known as white soils, have the characteristic of having a low coefficient of friction, which has led to the development of snow tires comprising treads based on diene rubber compositions having a low glass transition temperature, Tg.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the grip performance on wet ground of these tires comprising such treads is generally lower than that of road tires whose treads are generally based on rubber compositions of different formulations, in particular with a higher Tg.
- application WO 2012/069565 proposes a tread whose composition comprises a diene elastomer carrying at least one SiOR function, R being a hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical in combination with a high rate of reinforcing inorganic filler and a specific plasticizing system.
- snow or winter treads are generally provided with more flexible tread patterns and/or consist of a softer rubber composition than so-called “summer” treads, their resistance to abrasion often turns out to be reduced. Also, it is important to keep as much as possible, or even improve, the abrasion resistance of snow or winter treads. Thus, manufacturers are always looking for solutions to further improve a compromise of properties which are rolling resistance, grip on snowy ground and resistance to abrasion of the tread of tires intended to run in particular on snowy ground.
- the subject of the invention is a rubber composition based on:
- an elastomer matrix comprising from 25 to 95 parts by weight per hundred parts by weight of elastomer, phr, of copolymer based on butadiene and styrene having a glass transition temperature below -64° C., and from 5 to 75 phr of polybutadiene modified with a functional group capable of interacting with silica,
- composition based on means a composition comprising the mixture and/or the in situ reaction product of the various constituents used, some of these constituents being able to react and/or being intended to react with one another, less partially, during the various phases of manufacture of the composition; the composition thus possibly being in the totally or partially crosslinked state or in the non-crosslinked state.
- part by weight per hundred parts by weight of elastomer (or phr) is meant within the meaning of the present invention, the part, by mass per hundred parts by mass of elastomer.
- any interval of values denoted by the expression “between a and b” represents the domain of values going from more than a to less than b (i.e. limits a and b excluded) while any interval of values denoted by the expression “from a to b” signifies the range of values going from a to b (that is to say including the strict limits a and b).
- the interval represented by the expression “between a and b” is also and preferably described.
- a majority compound it is meant within the meaning of the present invention that this compound is in the majority among the compounds of the same type in the composition, that is to say that it is the one which represents the greatest amount by mass among compounds of the same type.
- a majority elastomer is the elastomer representing the greatest mass relative to the total mass of the elastomers in the composition.
- a so-called majority filler is the one representing the greatest mass among the fillers of the composition.
- the majority elastomer represents more than half of the mass of the elastomers.
- majority is meant present at more than 50%, preferably more than 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, for example 100%.
- the compounds comprising carbon mentioned in the description can be of fossil origin or biobased. In the latter case, they can be, partially or totally, derived from biomass or obtained from renewable raw materials derived from biomass. This concerns in particular polymers, plasticizers, fillers, etc.
- Glass transition temperature “Tg” values described herein are measured in a known manner by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) according to standard ASTM D3418 (1999).
- the elastomeric matrix of the composition comprises from 25 to 95 phr of copolymer based on butadiene and styrene having a glass transition temperature below -64° C., from 5 to 75 phr of polybutadiene modified with a functional capable of interacting with silica.
- the term “copolymer based on butadiene and styrene” is used to refer to any copolymer obtained by copolymerization of one or more styrenic compounds with one or more butadiene(s).
- Suitable styrene monomers include styrene, methylstyrenes, para-tert-butylstyrene, methoxystyrenes and chlorostyrenes.
- 1,3-butadiene is particularly suitable.
- elastomers can have any microstructure which depends on the polymerization conditions used, in particular on the presence or not of a modifying and/or randomizing agent and the amounts of modifying and/or randomizing agent used.
- the elastomers can be, for example, block, statistical, sequenced, microsequenced.
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene is a butadiene-styrene copolymer (SBR).
- SBR can be prepared in emulsion (ESBR) or in solution (SSBR). Whether it is ESBR or SSBR, the SBR can be of any microstructure compatible with a glass transition temperature below -70°C.
- the butadiene-styrene copolymer may have a styrene content of between 1% and 15% by weight and more particularly between 1% and 5%, a content (% molar) of ⁇ 1,2 bonds of the butadiene part comprised between 4% and 25%.
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene is an SSBR.
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene has a glass transition temperature comprised in a range ranging from -105° C. to -70° C., preferably from -100° C. to -80° C., preferably between - 95°C and -85°C, more preferably between -95°C and -86°C.
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene is a styrene-butadiene copolymer exhibiting any one, advantageously the combination of two or three, even more advantageously all, of the following characteristics:
- - its Tg is within a range ranging from -105°C to -70°C, preferably between -95°C and -86°C.
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene comprises within its structure at least one alkoxysilane group and at least one other function, the silicon atom of the alkoxysilane group being bonded to the elastomer chain(s), the alkoxysilane group being optionally partially or completely hydrolyzed to silanol.
- an alkoxysilane group located within the structure of the elastomer is understood as a group whose silicon atom is located in the backbone of the polymer and directly connected thereto. This positioning within the structure includes the ends of polymer chains. Thus, the terminal group is included in this notion.
- the alkoxysilane group is not a pendent group.
- the diene elastomer is functionalized at the end or end of the chain.
- the diene elastomer is coupled or even functionalized in the middle of the chain, as opposed to the position "at the end of the chain” and although the group is not located precisely in the middle of the elastomer chain.
- the silicon atom of this function links the two branches of the main chain of the diene elastomer.
- the diene elastomer is star-shaped.
- the silicon atom is thus substituted by at least three branches of the diene elastomer.
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene comprises as majority species the diene elastomer functionalized in the middle of the chain by an alkoxysilane group bonded to the two branches of the diene elastomer via the silicon atom , the alkoxy radical optionally being partially or completely hydrolyzed to hydroxyl. More particularly still, the diene elastomer functionalized in the middle of the chain with an alkoxysilane group represents 70% by weight of the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene.
- the alkoxyl radical may comprise a Ci-Cio or even Ci-Cs alkyl radical, preferably C1-C4, more preferably the alkoxyl radical is a methoxy or an ethoxy.
- the other function is preferably a function comprising at least one heteroatom chosen from N, S, O, P.
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene advantageously comprises at least one function comprising a nitrogen atom.
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene advantageously comprises within its structure at least one alkoxysilane group bonded to the elastomer via the silicon atom, and a function comprising a nitrogen atom.
- This function comprising a nitrogen atom can be located at the end of the chain and be directly linked to the elastomer via a covalent bond or a hydrocarbon group.
- This function comprising a nitrogen atom can also, and advantageously, be carried by the alkoxysilane group.
- the function comprising a nitrogen atom can be carried by the silicon of the alkoxysilane group, directly or via a spacer group.
- the spacer group can be an atom, in particular a heteroatom, or a group of atoms.
- the spacer group can be a divalent hydrocarbon radical, linear or branched, aliphatic in Ci-C 18, saturated or not, cyclic or not, or an aromatic divalent hydrocarbon radical in C6-CIS and can contain one or more aromatic radicals and/or one or more heteroatoms.
- the hydrocarbon radical may optionally be substituted.
- the spacer group is a divalent hydrocarbon radical, linear or branched, aliphatic in Ci-Cis, more preferentially a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical in Ci-Cio, more preferentially still in C3-Cs, more preferentially still a linear divalent hydrocarbon radical in C3 .
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene can also comprise another function (that is to say a function different from those mentioned above) within the elastomer, but this is not preferable.
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene can also be a mixture of several copolymers based on butadiene and styrene.
- the alkoxysilane group comprising a function comprising a nitrogen atom can be represented by the formula (* — ) a Si (OR')bR c X in which:
- the radical R represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl radical, being Ci-Cio, or even Ci-Cs, preferably a C1-C4 alkyl radical, more preferentially methyl and ethyl;
- R' represents an alkyl radical, substituted or unsubstituted, being C1-C10, or even Ci-Cs, preferably an alkyl radical in C1-C4, more preferably methyl and ethyl;
- - X represents a group comprising the nitrogen function
- a is a function of the positioning of the alkoxysilane group within the structure of the elastomer. When a is 1, the group is located at the end of the chain. When a is 2, it is located in the middle of the chain.
- amines substituted by C1-C10 alkyl radicals preferably C1-C4 alkyl, more preferably a methyl or ethyl radical, or cyclic amines forming a heterocycle containing a nitrogen atom and at least one carbon atom, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- methylamino-, dimethylamino-, ethylamino-, diethylamino-, propylamino-, dipropylamino-, butylamino-, dibutylamino-, pentylamino-, dipentylamino-, hexylamino-, dihexylamino-, hexamethyleneamino- groups are suitable, preferably diethylamino groups. - and dimethylamino-.
- amine is cyclic
- morpholine piperazine, 2,6-dimethylmorpholine, 2,6-dimethylpiperazine, 1-ethylpiperazine, 2-methylpiperazine, 1-benzylpiperazine, piperidine, 3,3-dimethylpiperidine, 2,6- dimethylpiperidine, l-methyl-4-(methylamino)piperidine, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, pyrrolidine, 2,5-dimethylpyrrolidine, azetidine, hexamethyleneimine, heptamethyleneimine, 5-benzyloxyindole, 3-azaspiro[5,5]undecane , 3-aza-bicycle[3.2.2]nonane, carbazole, bistrimethylsilylamine, pyrrolidine and hexamethyleneamine, preferably pyrrolidine groups and hexamethyleneamine.
- the amine function is a tertiary amine function, preferably diethylamine or dimethylamine.
- a tertiary amine function preferably diethylamine or dimethylamine.
- at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least four, more preferably all of the following characteristics are met:
- the function comprising a nitrogen atom is a tertiary amine, more particularly a diethylamino- or dimethylamino- group,
- the function comprising a nitrogen atom is carried by the alkoxysilane group via a spacer group defined as an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical in Ci-Cio, more preferentially an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical in C3-C8, more preferentially still the C3 linear hydrocarbon radical,
- the alkoxysilane group is a methoxysilane or an ethoxysilane, optionally partially or totally hydrolyzed to silanol,
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene is a butadiene-styrene copolymer prepared in solution
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene is mainly functionalized in the middle of the chain by an alkoxysilane group linked to the two branches of the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene via the silicon atom,
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene has a glass transition temperature comprised in a range ranging from -105°C to -70°C.
- At least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least four, more preferably all of the following characteristics are met:
- the function comprising a nitrogen atom is a tertiary amine, more particularly a diethylamino- or dimethylamino- group,
- the function comprising a nitrogen atom is carried by the alkoxysilane group via a C3 linear aliphatic hydrocarbon radical,
- the alkoxysilane group is methoxysilane or ethoxysilane, optionally partially or totally hydrolyzed to silanol,
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene is a butadiene-styrene copolymer prepared in solution
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene is mainly functionalized in the middle of the chain by an alkoxysilane group linked to the two branches of the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene via the silicon atom,
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene has a glass transition temperature comprised in a range comprised between -95°C and -86°C.
- the content of copolymer based on butadiene and styrene, in the composition according to the invention, can advantageously be within a range ranging from 65 to 95 phr, preferably between 66 and 90 phr.
- Such copolymers based on butadiene and styrene can be obtained by a process as described below.
- the first step of a process for the preparation of the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene is the anionic polymerization of at least one conjugated diene monomer or the polymerization of at least one conjugated diene monomer and a vinylaromatic monomer, in the presence of a polymerization initiator.
- the monomers are as described above.
- any known monofunctional anionic initiator can be used.
- an initiator containing an alkali metal such as lithium is preferably used.
- Suitable organolithium initiators are in particular those comprising a carbon-lithium bond.
- Representative compounds are aliphatic organolithiums such as ethyllithium, n-butyllithium (n-BuLi), isobutyllithium, etc...
- the other function is directly linked to the elastomer chain
- this can be provided by the polymerization initiator.
- Such initiators are, for example, polymerization initiators with an amine function which lead to living chains having an amine group at the non-reactive end of the chain.
- lithium amides products of the reaction of an organolithium compound, preferably alkyllithium, and an acyclic or cyclic secondary amine, preferably cyclic.
- a secondary amine which can be used to prepare the initiators, mention may be made of dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, di-n-butylamine, di-sec-butylamine, dipentylamine, dihexylamine, di-n-octylamine, di-(2-ethylhexyl )amine, di-cyclohexylamine, N-methylbenzylamine, diallylamine, morpholine, piperazine, 2,6-dimethylmorpholine, 2,6-dimethylpiperazine, 1-ethylpiperazine, 2-methylpiperazine, 1-benzylpiperazine, piperidine, 3,3-dimethylpiperidine, 2 ,6-dimethylpiperidine, l-methyl-4-(methylamino)piperidine, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, pyrrolidine, 2,5-dimethylpyrrolidine, azetidine, hexamethyleneimine,
- the alkyllithium compound is preferably ethyllithium, n-butyllithium (n-BuLi), isobutyllithium, etc.
- the polymerization is preferably carried out in the presence of an inert hydrocarbon solvent which may for example be an aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon such as pentane, hexane, heptane, iso-octane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane or a hydrocarbon aromatic like benzene, toluene, xylene.
- an inert hydrocarbon solvent which may for example be an aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon such as pentane, hexane, heptane, iso-octane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane or a hydrocarbon aromatic like benzene, toluene, xylene.
- the microstructure of the elastomer can be determined by the presence or absence of a modifying and/or randomizing agent and the quantities of modifying and/or randomizing agent used.
- a polar agent is used during the polymerization step in quantities such that it promotes the statistical distribution of the vinylaromatic along the polymer chains. .
- the living diene elastomer resulting from the polymerization is then functionalized by means of a functionalizing agent capable of introducing an alkoxysilane group within the polymer structure to prepare the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene comprising at within its structure at least one alkoxysilane group linked to the elastomer via the silicon atom, and a function comprising a nitrogen atom.
- a functionalizing agent capable of introducing an alkoxysilane group within the polymer structure to prepare the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene comprising at within its structure at least one alkoxysilane group linked to the elastomer via the silicon atom, and a function comprising a nitrogen atom.
- the modification reaction of the living diene elastomer, obtained at the end of the first step, can take place at a temperature between -20° C. and 100 C, by addition to the living polymer chains or vice versa of an agent non-polymerizable functionalization capable of forming an alkoxysilane group, the silicon atom being integrated within the elastomer chain, whether or not carrying a function comprising a nitrogen atom. It is particularly a functionalizing agent carrying reactive functions with respect to the living elastomer, each of these functions being directly linked to the silicon atom.
- the functionalizing agent corresponds to the formula (OR')d Si(R) c X, in which:
- R' represents a substituted or unsubstituted, Ci-Cio or even Ci-Cs alkyl radical, preferably a C1-C4 alkyl group, more preferably methyl and ethyl;
- - R represents an alkyl radical, substituted or unsubstituted, Ci-Cio, or even Ci-Cs, preferably a C1-C4 alkyl group, more preferably methyl and ethyl;
- - X represents a group including a function comprising a nitrogen atom
- the function comprising a nitrogen atom is as defined above.
- the function comprising a nitrogen atom can be a primary amine, protected or not, secondary, protected or not, or tertiary.
- the nitrogen atom can then be substituted by two groups, identical or different, which can be a trialkyl silyl radical, the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a C1-C10 alkyl radical, preferably C1 alkyl -C4, more preferably a methyl or ethyl radical, or the two nitrogen substituents together form a heterocycle containing a nitrogen atom and at least one carbon atom, preferably from 2 to 6 carbon atoms .
- the divalent hydrocarbon group making it possible to link the amine function to the trialkoxysilane group is the spacer group as described above, preferably aliphatic in C1-C10, more particularly linear in C2 or C3.
- the functionalizing agent can be chosen from 3-(N,N-dimethylaminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, 3-(N,N-dimethylaminopropyl)triethoxysilane, 3-(N,N-diethylaminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, 3-(N ,N-diethylaminopropyl)triethoxysilane, 3-(N,N-dipropylaminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, 3-(N,N-dipropylaminopropyl)triethoxysilane, 3-(N,N-dibutylaminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, 3-(N,N -dibutylaminopropyl)triethoxysilane, 3-(N,N-dipentylaminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, 3-(N,N-dipentylaminopropyl)triethoxysilane,
- the functionalizing agent is 3-(N,N-dimethylaminopropyl)trimethoxysilane.
- the functionalizing agent can be chosen from 3-(N,N-methyltrimethylsilylaminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, 3-(N,N-methyltrimethylsilylaminopropyl)triethoxysilane, 3-(N,N-ethyltrimethylsilylaminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, 3-(N ,N-ethyltrimethylsilylaminopropyl)triethoxysilane, 3-(N,N-propyltrimethylsilylaminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, 3-(N,N-propyltrimethylsilylaminopropyl)triethoxysilane. More preferably, the functionalizing agent is 3-(N,N-methyltrimethylsilylaminopropyl)trimethoxysilane.
- the functionalizing agent can be chosen from 3-(N,N-bistrimethylsilylaminopropyl)trimethoxysilane and 3-(N,N-bistrimethylsilylaminopropyl)triethoxysilane. More preferentially, the functionalizing agent is 3-(N,N-bistrimethylsilylaminopropyl)trimethoxysilane.
- the functionalizing agent is advantageously chosen from (N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl)trialkoxysilanes; more particularly then the functionalizing agent is 3-(N,N-dimethylaminopropyl)trimethoxysilane.
- the molar ratio of the functionalizing agent to the metal of the polymerization initiator depends essentially on the type of copolymer based on butadiene and styrene desired. Thus, with a ratio ranging from 0.40 to 0.75, or even from 0.45 to 0.65, or even from 0.45 to 0.55, the formation of coupled species within the elastomer is preferred. modified, the alkoxysilane group then being located in the middle of the chain. In the same way, with a ratio ranging from 0.15 to 0.40, or even from 0.20 to 0.35, or even from 0.30 to 0.35, stellate species are mainly formed (3 branches) in the within the modified elastomer.
- the molar ratio between the functionalizing agent and the polymerization initiator varies from 0.35 to 0.65, preferentially from 0.40 to 0.60 and even more preferentially from 0.45 to 0.55.
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene may comprise as majority species the diene elastomer functionalized in the middle of the chain by an alkoxysilane group linked to the two branches of the diene elastomer via the intermediary of the atom of silicon. More particularly still, the diene elastomer functionalized in the middle of the chain with an alkoxysilane group represents 70% by weight of the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene.
- the alkoxysilane group advantageously comprises an alkoxy radical, optionally partially or totally hydrolyzed to hydroxyl.
- the alkoxysilane group advantageously bears a function comprising a nitrogen atom as defined above.
- This function is preferably a tertiary amine function as defined above, in particular diethylamino- or dimethylamino-, bonded to the silicon atom preferably via a spacer as defined above, in particular a divalent hydrocarbon radical linear in C2 or C3.
- the synthesis process can continue with a step of deprotection of this function. This step is implemented after the modification reaction and is well known to those skilled in the art.
- the synthesis process may also comprise a step of hydrolysis of the hydrolyzable alkoxyl functions, by adding an acid, basic or neutral compound as described in document EP 2 266 819 AL.
- the hydrolyzable functions are then transformed into hydroxyl function.
- the process for synthesizing the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene can be continued in a manner known per se by the steps for recovering the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene.
- these steps may in particular comprise a stripping step with a view to recovering the elastomer resulting from the previous steps.
- This stripping step can have the effect of hydrolyzing all or part of the hydrolysable functions of the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene.
- at least 50 to 70 molar % of these functions can thus be hydrolyzed.
- the elastomeric matrix of the composition according to the invention comprises from 5 to 75 phr of polybutadiene modified with a functional group capable of interacting with silica, also referred to as “modified polybutadiene” herein.
- polybutadiene (abbreviated to “BR”), it will be understood that it may be one or more polybutadienes.
- BR polybutadiene
- Polybutadiene is a well-known rubber which is made by polymerizing 1,3-butadiene monomer (typically homopolymerization) in a solution polymerization process using suitable catalysts known to those skilled in the art. Due to the two double bonds present in the butadiene monomer, the resulting polybutadiene can comprise three different forms: cis-1,4, trans-1,4 and vinyl-1,2 polybutadiene.
- the cis-1,4 and trans-1,4 elastomers are formed by the monomers connecting end to end, while the vinyl-1,2 elastomer is formed by the monomers connecting between the ends of the monomer.
- Catalyst choice and process temperature are known as the variables generally used to control the cis-1,4 bond content of polybutadiene.
- the polybutadiene has a rate (% molar) of cis-1,4 linkages greater than 55%, preferably greater than 90%, more preferably greater than 95%.
- the modified polybutadiene can be obtained by a process comprising the following steps:
- halogen donor comprising an alkylaluminum halide
- said salt is in suspension or in solution in at least one inert and saturated hydrocarbon solvent of the aliphatic or alicyclic type;
- step (b) adding to the pseudo-living elastomer formed in step (a) a polyfunctional compound, comprising at least three functional groups, said functional group being capable of reacting with the reactive end of the pseudo-living elastomer;
- step (c) adding to the mixture formed in step (b) a functionalizing agent corresponding to the formula A-Ri-B with A denoting a group capable of reacting with the reactive end of the pseudo-living elastomer, Ri denoting an atom or a group of atoms forming a bond between A and B, and B designating a function capable of reacting with a reinforcing charge;
- modified polybutadiene has all or part of these reactive chain ends, in particular with respect to functionalizing agents.
- rare earth means a metal chosen from yttrium, scandium and the lanthanides, metals having an atomic number ranging from 57 to 71 included in the periodic table of the elements of Mendele ⁇ ev.
- the rare earth metal is chosen from lanthanides, neodymium being more particularly preferred.
- Steps (a), (b), (c) and (d) of the process for obtaining the modified polybutadiene are described below.
- the catalytic system is advantageously a "preformed" type catalytic system based on at least:
- alkylating agent comprising aluminium, the "alkylating agent"/"rare earth salt” molar ratio having a value between 1 and 5, and
- halogen donor comprising an alkyl aluminum halide.
- the catalytic system can be prepared batchwise or continuously.
- the catalytic system can be introduced directly into the reactor or be mixed beforehand with at least one of the other components which supply the polymerization reactor.
- the inert hydrocarbon solvent in which said rare earth salt is in suspension or in solution is advantageously an aliphatic or alicyclic solvent of low molecular weight, such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, n-heptane, pentane, or a mixture of these solvents.
- An important characteristic of the process for obtaining the modified polybutadiene is the "aluminum"/"rare earth salt" molar ratio.
- the total molar quantity of aluminum is such that the “aluminum/rare earth salt” molar ratio, in particular the “aluminum/neodymium salt” molar ratio, has a value between 1 and 5, advantageously between 1 and 4, more advantageously ranging from 2.5 to 3.8.
- the aluminum is provided by the catalytic system and also, where appropriate, by an additional addition to the alkyl aluminum polymerization medium as described below. Surprisingly, it was found that this “aluminum”/“rare earth salt” molar ratio influenced the average percentage of functionalized chains.
- the catalytic system is such that said rare earth salt has a mass content of rare earth metal ranging from 12.0% to 13.5%, determined both by the technique of complexometric titration in return by acid tetraacetic diethylene diamine (EDTA for short) and by the technique of atomic emission spectrometry coupled with an induced plasma (ICP/AES for short).
- said rare earth salt has a mass content of rare earth metal ranging from 12.5% to 13.2%.
- the rare earth organic phosphoric acid salt is advantageously a rare earth tris(organophosphate), it being possible for the organophosphate to be chosen from among the phosphoric acid diesters of general formula (R'O)(R"O)PO(OH ), in which R′ and R′′, identical or different, represent an alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl radical.
- neodymium tris [dibutyl phosphate], neodymium tris [dipentyl phosphate], neodymium tris [dioctyl phosphate], neodymium tris [bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate], neodymium tris[bis(1-methylheptyl)phosphate], neodymium tris[bis(p-nonylphenyl)phosphate], neodymium tris[butyl(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate], tris[(1-methylheptyl) ( neodymium 2-ethylhexyl)phosphate], neodymium tris[(2-ethylhexyl)(p-nonylphenyl)phosphate], neodymium tris[bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate], tris[[[2-ethylhex
- rare earth salt a tris[bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate] of said rare earth metal(s) is used as rare earth salt.
- said rare earth salt is neodymium tris[bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate].
- conjugated diene monomer which can be used to preform the catalytic system
- 1,3-butadiene on a preferential basis.
- alkylating agent which can be used in the catalytic system, mention may be made of alkylaluminums chosen from trialkylaluminums of formula Al(Rf) or dialkylaluminum hydrides of formula HA1(R)2.
- the alkyl group, R advantageously comprises 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more advantageously from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- As tri(alkylaluminum) mention may be made of triethylaluminum, tri-isopropylaluminum, tri-isobutylaluminum, tributylaluminum or trioctylaluminum.
- di(alkylaluminum hydride) mention may be made of diisobutylaluminum hydride.
- halogen donor which can be used in the catalytic system according to the invention, mention may be made of using an alkyl halide, an alkyl aluminum halide or an alkyl aluminum sesquihalide.
- An alkyl aluminum halide is preferably used, the alkyl group comprising from 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Of these, diethylaluminum chloride is preferred.
- the rare earth metal or metals are present in the catalytic system in a concentration equal to or greater than 0.005 mol/l and, preferably, ranging from 0.010 to 0.1 mol/l and more particularly ranging from 0.02 mol/l /1 to 0.08 mol/1.
- the "alkylating agent"/"salt of rare earth(s)" molar ratio in said catalytic system can advantageously have a value ranging from 1 to 2.
- the "halogen donor"/"rare earth salt” molar ratio may advantageously have a value ranging from 2 to 3.6 and even more preferentially from 2.4 to 3.2, even more preferentially ranging from 2.5 to 3.
- the “preformation monomer”/“salt of rare earth(s)” molar ratio may advantageously have a value ranging from 15 to 70, or even from 25 to 50.
- alkylaluminums such as:
- - trialkylaluminums such as for example trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, tri-n-propylaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, tri-n-butylaluminum, tri-t-butylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-n-pentylaluminum, tri- n-hexylaluminum, tricyclohexylaluminum, preferably triisobutylaluminum, or
- dialkylaluminum hydrides such as, for example, diethylaluminum hydride, diisopropylaluminum hydride, di-n-propylaluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, di-n-octylaluminum hydride, di-n-butylaluminum, preferably diisobutylaluminum hydride.
- the molar ratio "alkylaluminum compound added offset" / "alkylaluminum in the catalytic system” varies from 1/20 to 50/1, preferentially varies from 1/15 to 30/1 and even more preferentially from 1/10 to 20 /1.
- the amount of aluminum alkyl added is such that in the polymerization medium, the molar ratio of the total molar amount of aluminum, relative to the molar amount of rare earth salt, in particular neodymium salt, is always included in the previously defined range.
- the polymerization can be carried out in bulk. In this case there is no addition of polymerization solvent.
- the polymerization can alternatively be carried out in solution or in semi-mass.
- the medium then comprises an inert hydrocarbon polymerization solvent, preferably aliphatic or alicyclic of low molecular mass, in particular for environmental reasons.
- an inert hydrocarbon polymerization solvent preferably aliphatic or alicyclic of low molecular mass, in particular for environmental reasons.
- Mention may be made, by way of example, of n-pentane, isopentane, isoamylenes (2-methyl-2-butene, 2-methyl-1-butene and 3-methyl-1-butene), 2,2- dimethylbutane, 2,2-dimethyl-propane (neopentane), n-heptane, n-octane, iso-octane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, n-hexane, methylcyclopentane and methylcyclohexane, as well as mixtures of these compounds
- mass polymerization means a polymerization carried out in a reaction medium not comprising any organic solvent.
- polymerization in solution means a polymerization carried out in a reaction medium comprising from 70% to 99% by weight of an organic solvent, relative to the total weight of the monomers and of said organic solvent.
- si-mass polymerization means a polymerization carried out in a reaction medium comprising between 0% and 70% by weight of an organic solvent, relative to the total weight of the monomers and of said organic solvent.
- the solvent can be introduced directly into the reactor. It can also be mixed beforehand with at least one other of the components introduced into the polymerization reactor, in particular with the monomer to be polymerized.
- the polymerization temperature is between 40°C and 90°C, preferably between 40°C and 80°C, preferably between 45°C and 75°C, and preferably between 50°C and 70°C.
- the polyfunctional compound added to the pseudo-living elastomer formed in step (a) comprises at least three functional groups and will thus make it possible to link several polybutadiene chains together.
- this polyfunctional compound comprises at least four functional groups.
- This polyfunctional compound may be a small molecule bearing at least three, advantageously at least four, functional groups or a polymer bearing these at least three, advantageously at least four, functional groups.
- the functional groups are advantageously identical.
- the functional groups are advantageously identical to the functional group A of the functionalizing agent described below.
- the polyfunctional compound advantageously corresponds to the formula (E) n -Rj, with n denoting an integer greater than or equal to 3, E denoting said functional group, Rj denoting an atom or a group of atoms bearing the n groups E.
- Rj is a linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon radical, and may contain one or more aromatic radicals, and/or one or more heteroatoms.
- Rj comprises one or more aromatic radicals.
- said Rj radical may optionally be substituted, provided that the other substituents are inert with respect to the reactive ends of the pseudo-living elastomer.
- Rj is a polymeric hydrocarbon chain.
- Rj does not include any Si-O-Si sequence.
- the functional group E is advantageously chosen from epoxides, glycidyloxy, glycidylamino, isocyanates, imines, aziridines, imidazoles. More advantageously, the functional group E is chosen from glycidylamino, isocyanates, imines and imidazoles.
- the polyfunctional compound is advantageously chosen from triglycidylaminophenol, tetraglycidylaminodiphenylmethane (TGMDA), N,N-Diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxyaniline, Tris(4-hydroxyphenyljmethane triglycidyl ether, l,3-bis(N,N'-diglycidylaminomethyl) cyclohexane, tetraglycidylxylenediamine, polymethylenepolyphenylpolyisocyanate, tetra(isocyanato)silane (CAS No: 3410-77-3), phenyltris(methylethylketoximio)silane (CAS No: 34036-80-1), poly[[l, 3-bis[3-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]-1,3:1,3-disiloxanedylidene]
- the “polyfunctional compound”/“aluminum” molar ratio is advantageously less than 0.3, more advantageously between 0.01 and 0.3.
- the quantity of aluminum corresponds to the total quantity of aluminum present in the reaction medium, taking into account the aluminum included in the catalytic system and, where appropriate, the aluminum included in the additional alkylaluminum compound added offset from the catalytic system.
- Step (b) of reacting at least one polyfunctional compound with the solution of pseudoliving elastomer is advantageously carried out at a temperature between 40° C. and 90° C., more advantageously between 40° C. and 80° C. C, even more advantageously between 45°C and 75°C, and advantageously varying from 50°C to 70°C.
- the functionalizing agent capable of reacting with the pseudo-living elastomer of step (b), introduced in step (c), corresponds to the formula A-Ri-B with A denoting a group capable of reacting on the reactive end of the pseudo-living elastomer, R denoting an atom or a group of atoms forming a bond between A and B and B denoting a function capable of reacting with a reinforcing charge.
- A is advantageously chosen from epoxides, glycidyloxy, glycidylamino, isocyanates, imines, aziridines, imidazoles. More advantageously, A is chosen from glycidylamino, isocyanates, imines and imidazoles.
- B is preferably a di-alkoxysilane, advantageously a diethoxy-silane.
- the Ri group is preferably a divalent hydrocarbon radical, linear, branched or cyclic, and can contain one or more aromatic radicals, and/or one or more heteroatoms. Said radical Ri may optionally be substituted, provided that the substituents are inert with respect to the reactive ends of the pseudo-living elastomer.
- the group Ri denotes a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical Ci-Cis, advantageously Ci-Cio, more advantageously Ci-C ⁇ , more advantageously C1-C3 or C2-C8, saturated or not, cyclic or no, which may contain one or more aromatic radicals.
- Ri is a C1-C3 aliphatic divalent radical.
- Ri is a C2-C8 aliphatic divalent radical.
- Group capable of reacting with the reactive end of the pseudo-living elastomer preferably means a group chosen from in particular epoxides, glycidyloxys, glycidylaminos, isocyanates, imines, aziridines, imidazoles. More advantageously, the group capable of reacting with the reactive end of the pseudo-living elastomer is chosen from glycidylamino, isocyanates, imines and imidazoles.
- the term "function capable of interacting with a reinforcing charge” preferably means a functional group comprising one or more functions chosen from a protected or unprotected primary amine, a protected or unprotected secondary or tertiary amine, an imine, an imide, an amide, a nitrile, azo, carbamate, methacrylate, methacrylamide, hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, epoxy, glycidyloxy, thiol, sulfide, disulfide, thiocarbonyl, thioester, sulfonyl, silane, silanol, alkoxysilane, alkoxydi-alkylsilane, di-alkoxysilane, di-alkoxyalkylsilane, tri-alkoxysilane, stannyl, tin halide, tin halide alkyl, tin halide aryl tin, a poly
- di-alkoxysilane function in particular diethoxysilane, in particular a di-alkoxyalkylsilane such as a diethoxyalkylsilane, as a function capable of interacting with a reinforcing filler.
- functionalizing agents such as (3-glycidyloxypropyl) methyldiethoxysilane, N-(3-diethoxy(methyl)silylpropyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazole, 2-(3 ,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl methyldiethoxysilane, tris(3-diethoxy(methyl)silylpropyl)isocyanurate, 3-isocyanatopropylmethyldiethoxysilane.
- these functionalizing agents (3-glycidyloxypropyl) methyldiethoxysilane and 3-isocyanatopropylmethyldiethoxysilane are particularly advantageous.
- the "functionalization agent"/"aluminum” molar ratio is advantageously at least 1.
- the “functionalization agent”/"aluminum” molar ratio is at least 1/1 and at most 10/ 1, preferably at most 5/1, or even at most 2/1.
- the polyfunctional compound is lacking while the functionalizing agent is in an equimolar quantity or in excess.
- the quantity of aluminum corresponds to the total quantity of aluminum present in the reaction medium, taking into account the aluminum included in the catalytic system and, where appropriate, the aluminum included in the additional alkylaluminum compound added offset from the catalytic system.
- Another important characteristic of the process for obtaining the modified polybutadiene is the order of addition of the polyfunctional compound and the functionalizing agent: the polyfunctional compound is added before introducing the functionalizing agent.
- Functionalization step (c) is advantageously carried out at a temperature between 40°C and 90°C, more advantageously between 40°C and 80°C, even more advantageously between 45°C and 75°C. C, and advantageously varying from 50°C to 70°C.
- the method for synthesizing a modified polybutadiene can be continued in a manner known per se.
- the process then continues in a manner known per se with the separation and recovery of the modified polybutadiene prepared.
- the unreacted butadiene and/or the solvent can be removed, according to methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the modified polybutadiene recovered at the end of these various stages can then be packaged in a manner known per se, in the form of balls for example.
- the modified polybutadiene of the composition according to the invention capable of being obtained by the process described above, therefore comprises free polybutadiene chains having reacted only with the functionalizing agent and polybutadiene chains linked together via the polyfunctional compound.
- the modified polybutadiene advantageously has a Mooney viscosity ML(1+4) at 100° C. equal to or greater than 40, in particular ranging from 40 to 80.
- the modified polybutadiene also advantageously exhibits reduced creep, which may be characterized in particular by a cold-flow value (“cold-flow” in English) CF(l+6) at 100° C. of the modified polybutadiene of less than 1 g, more preferably less than 0.5 g, even more preferably less than 0.2 g.
- the modified polybutadiene has both:
- CF(1+6) at 100° C. of less than 1 g, preferably less than 0.5 g.
- the “functionalized chains” designate the polybutadiene chains having reacted with the functionalizing agent, of formula A-Ri-B, as defined below.
- the average percentage of functionalized chains is the ratio between the weight of the chains of the modified polybutadiene relative to the total weight of polybutadiene chains. It is determined by multiplying the number of functions, CFL—Si/PB, in moles per mass unit of the polymer, by the molar mass in number of said polymer. The number of functions, in mole per unit mass of the polymer, is determined by NMR following the protocol described in the introduction to the examples.
- the modified polybutadiene has an average content of functionalized chains of between 25% and 80%. In one embodiment, the modified polybutadiene has an average percentage of functionalized chains of between 25% and 60%. In another embodiment, the modified polybutadiene has an average percentage of functionalized chains of between 40% and 80%, advantageously between 40% and 70%.
- the modified polybutadiene advantageously has a glass transition temperature (Tg) below -100°C, preferably below -105°C, preferably between -110°C and -105°C.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the content of modified polybutadiene, in the composition according to the invention is within a range ranging from 5 to 35 phr, preferably between 10 and 34 phr.
- the composition according to the invention advantageously comprises from 65 to 95 phr of copolymer based on butadiene and styrene and from 5 to 35 phr of polybutadiene, preferably from 66 to 90 phr of copolymer based on butadiene and styrene and 10 and 34 phr of polybutadiene.
- the elastomeric matrix of the composition according to the invention comprises less than 15 phr of isoprene elastomer.
- isoprene elastomer is understood to mean in known manner an isoprene homopolymer or copolymer, in other words a diene elastomer chosen from the group consisting of natural rubber (NR), synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), various isoprene copolymers and mixtures of these elastomers.
- NR natural rubber
- IR synthetic polyisoprenes
- isoprene copolymers mention will be made in particular of the copolymers of isobutene-isoprene (butyl rubber - IIR), of isoprene-styrene (SIR), of isoprene-butadiene (BIR) or of isoprene-butadiene-styrene (SBIR).
- This isoprene elastomer is preferably natural rubber or a synthetic cis-1,4 polyisoprene; among these synthetic polyisoprenes, are preferably used polyisoprenes having a rate (% molar) of cis-1,4 bonds greater than 90%, more preferably still greater than 98%.
- the level of isoprene elastomer, in the composition according to the invention, is preferably less than 14 phr, preferably less than 10 phr, preferably less than 5 phr, preferably less than 4 phr.
- the total content of the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene and of the modified polybutadiene, in the composition is advantageously within a range ranging from 85 phr to 100 phr, preferably from 86 to 100 phr, preferably from 90 phr to 100 phr, preferably from 95 to 100 phr, preferably from 96 to 100 phr.
- the composition according to the invention is devoid of isoprene elastomer.
- the total content of copolymer based on butadiene and styrene and polybutadiene, in the composition according to the invention is 100 phr.
- the composition according to the invention further comprises a reinforcing filler, known for its ability to reinforce a rubber composition that can be used for the manufacture of tires.
- This reinforcing filler comprises silica.
- the silicas that can be used in the context of the present invention can be any silica known to those skilled in the art, in particular any precipitated or fumed silica having a BET surface area as well as a CTAB specific surface area both less than 450 m2/g, preferably from 30 to 400 m2/g.
- the BET specific surface of silica is determined in a known manner by gas adsorption using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method described in "The Journal of the American Chemical Society” Vol. 60, page 309, February 1938, more specifically according to French standard NF ISO 9277 of December 1996 (multipoint volumetric method (5 points) - gas: nitrogen - degassing: 1 hour at 160°C - relative pressure range p/po: 0.05 to 0.17).
- the CTAB specific surface of the silica is determined according to the French standard NF T 45-007 of November 1987 (method B).
- the silica has a BET specific surface of between 100 and 250 m 2 /g, preferably within a range ranging from 105 to 200 m 2 /g, preferably from 125 to 180 m 2 /g.
- the silica has a CTAB specific surface of between 105 and 220 m 2 /g, preferably within a range ranging from 110 to 200 m 2 /g, preferably from 140 to 170 m 2 /g.
- silicas which can be used in the context of the present invention, mention will be made, for example, of the highly dispersible precipitated silicas (known as "HDS") "Ultrasil 7000" and “Ultrasil 7005" from the company Evonik, “Zeosil 1165MP, 1135MP and 1115MP” silicas from Rhodia, “Hi-Sil EZ150G” silica from PPG, “Zeopol 8715, 8745 and 8755” silicas from Huber, high specific surface silicas such as as described in application WO 03/16837.
- HDS highly dispersible precipitated silicas
- an at least bifunctional coupling agent intended to ensure a sufficient connection, of a chemical and/or physical nature, between the silica ( surface of its particles) and the diene elastomer.
- at least bifunctional organosilanes or polyorganosiloxanes are used. “Bifunctional” means a compound having a first functional group capable of interacting with silica and a second functional group capable of interacting with the diene elastomer.
- such a bifunctional compound may comprise a first functional group comprising a silicon atom, said first functional group being capable of interacting with the hydroxyl groups of an inorganic filler (such as silica) and a second functional group comprising a sulfur atom, said second functional group being capable of interacting with the diene elastomer.
- the organosilanes are chosen from the group consisting of polysulphide organosilanes (symmetrical or asymmetrical) such as bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulphide, abbreviated as TESPT marketed under the name “Si69” by the company Evonik or bis disulphide -(triethoxysilylpropyl), abbreviated as TESPD marketed under the name “Si75” by the company Evonik, polyorganosiloxanes, mercaptosilanes, blocked mercaptosilanes, such as S-(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl) octanethioate marketed by the company Momentive under the name “NXT Silane”. More preferably, the organosilane is a polysulphide organosilane.
- the reinforcing filler mainly comprises silica.
- the silica content in the composition according to the invention may be within a range ranging from 80 to 200 phr, preferably from 100 to 180 phr, preferably from 105 to 145 phr.
- the reinforcing filler can also comprise carbon black.
- the content of carbon black in the composition according to the invention may be within a range ranging from 0 to 40 phr, preferably from 1 to 20 phr, preferably from 2 to 10 phr.
- the blacks that can be used in the context of the present invention can be any black conventionally used in tires or their treads (so-called tire-grade blacks).
- tire-grade blacks any black conventionally used in tires or their treads
- These carbon blacks can be used in the isolated state, as commercially available, or in any other form, for example as a carrier for some of the rubber additives used.
- the carbon blacks could for example already be incorporated into the diene elastomer, in particular isoprene in the form of a masterbatch (see for example applications WO 97/36724 or WO 99/16600).
- the content of coupling agent in the composition of the invention is advantageously less than or equal to 35 phr, it being understood that it is generally desirable to use as little as possible.
- the rate of coupling agent represents from 0.5% to 15% by weight relative to the amount of silica. Its content is preferably within a range ranging from 0.5 to 20 phr, more preferably within a range ranging from 1 to 3 phr. This rate is easily adjusted by a person skilled in the art according to the rate of silica used in the composition of the invention.
- the crosslinking system can be any type of system known to those skilled in the art in the field of rubber compositions for tires. It may in particular be based on sulfur, and/or peroxide and/or bismaleimides.
- the crosslinking system is sulfur-based, in which case we speak of a vulcanization system.
- the vulcanization system comprises molecular sulfur and/or at least one sulfur-donating agent.
- At least one vulcanization accelerator is also preferentially present, and, optionally, also preferentially, various known vulcanization activators such as zinc oxide, stearic acid or equivalent compound such as stearic acid salts and salts can be used. of transition metals, guanidine derivatives (in particular diphenylguanidine), or alternatively known vulcanization retarders.
- the sulfur is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 12 phr, in particular between 1 and 10 phr.
- the vulcanization accelerator is used at a preferential rate comprised between 0.5 and 10 phr, more preferentially comprised between 0.5 and 5.0 phr.
- Any compound capable of acting as a vulcanization accelerator for diene elastomers in the presence of sulfur can be used as an accelerator, in particular accelerators of the thiazole type as well as their derivatives, accelerators of the sulfenamide, thiuram, dithiocarbamate, dithiophosphate, thiourea and xanthate type.
- MBTS 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulphide
- CBS N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide
- DCBS N,N-dicyclohexyl- 2-Benzothiazyl sulfenamide
- TBBS N-ter-butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide
- TZTD tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide
- ZBEC zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate
- the rubber composition according to the invention further comprises from 25 to 150 phr of at least one plasticizing resin having a glass transition temperature above 20° C., called “high Tg”, (also called “plasticizing resin” in the present for the sake of simplicity of drafting”).
- high Tg glass transition temperature above 20° C.
- plasticizing resin also called “plasticizing resin” in the present for the sake of simplicity of drafting”.
- resin is reserved in the present application, by definition known to those skilled in the art, for a compound which is solid at ambient temperature (23° C.), as opposed to a liquid plasticizing compound such as an oil.
- Plasticizing resins are polymers well known to those skilled in the art, essentially based on carbon and hydrogen but which may contain other types of atoms, which can be used in particular as plasticizing agents or tackifying agents in polymer matrices. They are generally by nature miscible (i.e., compatible) at the rates used with the polymer compositions for which they are intended, so as to act as true diluting agents. They have been described for example in the work entitled "Hydrocarbon Resins" by R. Mildenberg, M. Zander and G. Collin (New York, VCH, 1997, ISBN 3-527-28617-9) of which chapter 5 is devoted their applications, in particular in pneumatic rubber (5.5. "Rubber Tires and Mechanical Goods'”).
- They can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, hydrogenated aromatic, of the aliphatic/aromatic type, that is to say based on aliphatic and/or aromatic monomers. They can be natural or synthetic, petroleum-based or not (if so, also known as petroleum resins). Their Tg is preferably greater than 20°C (usually between 30°C and 95°C).
- these plasticizing resins can also be qualified as thermoplastic resins in the sense that they soften on heating and can thus be molded. They can also be defined by a softening point or temperature.
- the softening temperature of a plasticizing resin is generally higher by around 50 to 60°C than its Tg value. softening is measured according to standard ISO 4625 (“Ring and Bail” method)
- the macrostructure (Mw, Mn and Ip) is determined by steric exclusion chromatography (SEC) as indicated below.
- SEC analysis for example, consists in separating the macromolecules in solution according to their size through columns filled with a porous gel; the molecules are separated according to their hydrodynamic volume, the largest being eluted first.
- the sample to be analyzed is simply dissolved beforehand in an appropriate solvent, tetrahydrofuran at a concentration of 1 g/litre.
- the solution is then filtered through a filter with a porosity of 0.45 ⁇ m, before injection into the apparatus.
- the equipment used is, for example, a "Waters Alliance" chromatographic chain under the following conditions:
- differential refractometer for example "WATERS 2410" which can be equipped with operating software (for example “Waters Millenium”).
- the plasticizing resin has at least any one, preferably 2 or 3, more preferably all, of the following characteristics:
- Tg greater than 25°C (in particular between 30°C and 100°C), more preferably greater than 30°C (in particular between 30°C and 95°C);
- Mn number-average molar mass
- the plasticizing resin having a glass transition temperature greater than 20° C. can be chosen from the group comprising or consisting of cyclopentadiene homopolymer or copolymer resins (in abbreviated form CPD), homopolymer or copolymer resins dicyclopentadiene (abbreviated as DCPD), terpene homopolymer or copolymer resins, C5 cut homopolymer or copolymer resins, C9 cut homopolymer or copolymer resins, alpha -methyl-styrene and mixtures thereof.
- CPD cyclopentadiene homopolymer or copolymer resins
- DCPD homopolymer or copolymer resins dicyclopentadiene
- terpene homopolymer or copolymer resins C5 cut homopolymer or copolymer resins
- C9 cut homopolymer or copolymer resins alpha -methyl-styrene and mixtures thereof.
- the plasticizing resin is chosen from the group comprising or consisting of (D)CPD/vinyl aromatic copolymer resins, (D)CPD/terpene copolymer resins, terpene phenol copolymer resins, (D)CPD copolymer resins )CPD/C5 cut, (D)CPD/C9 cut copolymer resins, terpene/vinyl aromatic copolymer resins, terpene/phenol copolymer resins, C5 cut/vinyl aromatic copolymer resins, and mixtures thereof.
- terpene groups together here in a known manner the monomers alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and limonene; preferentially, a limonene monomer is used, a compound which is presented in a known manner in the form of three possible isomers: L-limonene (levorotatory enantiomer), D-limonene (dextrorotatory enantiomer), or else dipentene, racemic of the dextrorotatory and levorotatory enantiomers .
- Suitable vinylaromatic monomers are, for example, styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, ortho-methylstyrene, meta-methylstyrene, para-methylstyrene, vinyl-toluene, para-tert-butylstyrene, methoxystyrenes, chlorostyrenes, hydroxystyrenes, vinylmesitylene, divinylbenzene, vinylnaphthalene, any vinylaromatic monomer derived from a C9 cut (or more generally from a CL to Cio cut).
- plasticizing resins chosen from the group consisting of (D)CPD homopolymer resins, (D)CPD/styrene copolymer resins, polylimonene resins, limonene/styrene copolymer resins, limonene/D(CPD) copolymer resins, C5 cut copolymer/styrene resins, C5 cut/C9 cut copolymer resins, and mixtures of these resins.
- plasticizing resins chosen from the group consisting of (D)CPD homopolymer resins, (D)CPD/styrene copolymer resins, polylimonene resins, limonene/styrene copolymer resins, limonene/D(CPD) copolymer resins, C5 cut copolymer/styrene resins, C5 cut/C9 cut copolymer resins, and mixtures of these resins.
- plasticizing resins above are well known to those skilled in the art and commercially available, for example sold by the company DRT under the name “Dercolyte” as regards polylimonene resins, by the company Neville Chemical Company under name “Super Nevtac”, by Kolon under the name “Hikorez” or by the company Exxon Mobil under the name “Escorez” with regard to C5/styrene cut resins or C5/C9 cut resins, or by the company Struktol under the name "40 MS” or "40 NS” (mixtures of aromatic and/or aliphatic resins).
- the content of plasticizing resin having a glass transition temperature greater than 20° C. in the composition according to the invention is between 50 and 150 phr, preferably between 55 and 100 phr and in a particularly advantageous manner from 65 to 90 phr .
- the plasticizer system of the rubber composition according to the invention may comprise a plasticizer that is liquid at 23° C., referred to as “low Tg”, i.e. that is to say which by definition has a Tg of less than -20°C, preferably less than -40°C.
- the composition may optionally comprise from 0 to 60 phr of a liquid plasticizer at 23°C.
- a plasticizer that is liquid at 23° C. When a plasticizer that is liquid at 23° C. is used, its level in the composition according to the invention may be within a range ranging from 1 to 40 phr, preferably from 2 to 20 phr, more preferably from 3 to 14 phr. .
- any liquid plasticizer at 23° C. (or extender oil), whether aromatic or non-aromatic in nature, known for its plasticizing properties with respect to diene elastomers, can be used.
- these plasticizers or oils, more or less viscous are liquids (that is to say, as a reminder, substances having the capacity to take the shape of their container in the long term) , as opposed in particular to plasticizing resins which are by nature solid at room temperature.
- the plasticizers liquid at 23° C. chosen from the group comprising or consisting of liquid diene polymers, polyolefinic oils, naphthenic oils, paraffinic oils, DAE oils, MES (Medium Extracted Solvates') oils, oils TDAE (Treated Distillate Aromatic Extracts), RAE oils (Residual Aromatic Extract oils), TRAE oils (Treated Residual Aromatic Extract) and SRAE oils (Safety Residual Aromatic Extract oils), mineral oils, vegetable oils, ether plasticizers , ester plasticizers, phosphate plasticizers, sulfonate plasticizers and mixtures of these liquid plasticizers at 23°C. For example, the liquid plasticizer at 23° C.
- a liquid plasticizer is qualified as non-aromatic when it has a content of polycyclic aromatic compounds, determined with the extract in DMSO according to the IP 346 method, of less than 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the plasticizer. .
- the liquid plasticizer at 23° C. can also be a liquid polymer resulting from the polymerization of olefins or dienes, such as polybutenes, polydienes, in particular polybutadienes, polyisoprenes (also known under the name "LIR") or copolymers of butadiene and isoprene, or else copolymers of butadiene or isoprene and styrene or mixtures of these liquid polymers.
- the number-average molar mass of such liquid polymers preferably ranges from 500 g/mol to 50,000 g/mol, preferably from 1,000 g/mol to 10,000 g/mol.
- the “RICON” products from SARTOMER can be cited.
- the liquid plasticizer at 23° C. is a vegetable oil
- it may be, for example, an oil chosen from the group comprising or consisting of linseed, safflower, soybean, corn, cottonseed, rape, castor, tung , pine, sunflower, palm, olive, coconut, peanut, grapeseed and mixtures of these oils.
- the vegetable oil is preferentially rich in oleic acid, that is to say that the fatty acid (or all the fatty acids if several are present) from which it derives, comprises oleic acid according to a mass fraction at least equal to 60%, even more preferably according to a mass fraction at least equal to 70%.
- sunflower oil which is such that all the fatty acids from which it derives comprise oleic acid according to a mass fraction equal to or greater than 60%, preferably 70% and, according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, according to a mass fraction equal to or greater than 80%.
- the liquid plasticizer is a triester chosen from the group consisting of triesters of carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, sulphonic acid and mixtures of these triesters.
- phosphate plasticizers By way of example of phosphate plasticizers, mention may be made of those which contain between 12 and 30 carbon atoms, for example trioctyl phosphate.
- carboxylic acid ester plasticizers mention may be made in particular of the compounds chosen from the group consisting of trimellitates, pyromellitates, phthalates, 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylates, adipates, azelates, sebacates , glycerol triesters and mixtures of these compounds.
- glycerol triesters preferably consisting mainly (for more than 50%, more preferably for more than 80% by weight) of an unsaturated Cis fatty acid, that is to say chosen from the group consisting of oleic acid, linoleic acid, l linolenic acid and mixtures of these acids.
- Glycerol triester is preferred. More preferentially, whether it is of synthetic or natural origin (case for example of vegetable oils of sunflower or rapeseed), the fatty acid used consists for more than 50% by weight, more preferentially still for more than 80 % by weight of oleic acid.
- Such triesters (trioleates) with a high oleic acid content are well known; they have been described for example in application WO 02/088238, as plasticizers in treads for tires.
- liquid plasticizer at 23°C is an ether plasticizer
- it may be, for example, polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol.
- the plasticizer that is liquid at 23°C is chosen from the group comprising or consisting of MES oils, TDAE oils, naphthenic oils, vegetable oils and mixtures of these plasticizers that are liquid at 23°C. More preferably, the liquid plasticizer at 23°C is a vegetable oil, preferably a sunflower oil.
- composition according to the invention does not comprise a liquid polymer.
- composition according to the invention comprises from 10 to 60 phr, preferably from 15 to 40 phr, of vegetable oil, preferably sunflower oil.
- the rubber compositions according to the invention may optionally also comprise all or part of the usual additives usually used in elastomer compositions for tires, such as for example plasticizers (such as plasticizing oils and/or plasticizing resins), pigments , protective agents such as anti-ozone waxes, chemical anti-ozonants, antioxidants, anti-fatigue agents, reinforcing resins (as described for example in application WO 02/10269).
- plasticizers such as plasticizing oils and/or plasticizing resins
- pigments such as for example plasticizing oils and/or plasticizing resins
- protective agents such as anti-ozone waxes, chemical anti-ozonants, antioxidants, anti-fatigue agents, reinforcing resins (as described for example in application WO 02/10269).
- composition in accordance with the invention can be manufactured in suitable mixers, using two successive preparation phases well known to those skilled in the art:
- thermomechanical mixing (so-called "non-productive" phase), which can be carried out in a single thermomechanical step during which, in a suitable mixer such as a usual internal mixer (for example type 'Banbury'), all necessary constituents, in particular the elastomeric matrix, any fillers, any other miscellaneous additives, with the exception of the vulcanization system.
- a suitable mixer such as a usual internal mixer (for example type 'Banbury')
- all necessary constituents in particular the elastomeric matrix, any fillers, any other miscellaneous additives, with the exception of the vulcanization system.
- the incorporation of the optional filler into the elastomer can be carried out in one or more stages by mixing thermomechanically.
- the non-productive phase can be carried out at high temperature, up to a maximum temperature of between 110° C. and 200° C., preferably between 130° C. and 185° C., for a duration generally of between 2 and 10 minutes.
- a second phase of mechanical work (so-called "productive" phase), which is carried out in an external mixer such as a roller mixer, after cooling the mixture obtained during the first non-productive phase to a lower temperature, typically below 120°C, for example between 40°C and 100°C.
- the vulcanization system is then incorporated, and the whole is then mixed for a few minutes, for example between 5 and 15 min.
- the final composition thus obtained is then calendered, for example in the form of a sheet or a plate, in particular for characterization in the laboratory, or even extruded in the form of a semi-finished (or profiled) rubber that can be used by example as a passenger vehicle tire tread.
- a semi-finished (or profiled) rubber that can be used by example as a passenger vehicle tire tread.
- the composition can be either in the raw state (before vulcanization) or in the cured state (after vulcanization), can be a semi-finished product which can be used in a tire.
- the vulcanization of the composition can be carried out in a manner known to those skilled in the art, for example at a temperature of between 130° C. and 200° C., under pressure.
- the present invention also relates to a finished or semi-finished rubber article comprising a composition according to the invention.
- the rubber article is a pneumatic or non-pneumatic tire, preferably a pneumatic tire.
- a pneumatic or non-pneumatic tire preferably a pneumatic tire.
- a pneumatic or non-pneumatic tire comprising a composition according to the invention or a semi-finished rubber article according to the invention.
- the tread of a pneumatic or non-pneumatic tire comprises a rolling surface intended to be in contact with the ground when the tire is rolling.
- the tread is provided with a tread pattern comprising in particular tread pattern elements or elementary blocks delimited by various main, longitudinal or circumferential, transverse or even oblique grooves, the elementary blocks possibly also comprising various finer incisions or sipes.
- composition according to the invention is present in the tread of the tire, preferably in the radially outer part of the tread, intended to be in contact with the ground when the tire is rolling.
- the invention relates particularly to tires intended to be fitted to motor vehicles of the passenger car, SUV ("Sport Utility Vehicles") and light truck type, in particular motor vehicles of the passenger car and SUV type.
- the invention relates to tires both in the raw state (that is to say, before curing) and in the cured state (that is to say, after vulcanization).
- an elastomer matrix comprising from 25 to 95 parts by weight per hundred parts by weight of elastomer, phr, of copolymer based on butadiene and styrene having a glass transition temperature below -64° C., and from 5 to 75 phr of polybutadiene modified with a functional group capable of interacting with silica,
- composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments in which the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene comprises within its structure at least one alkoxysilane group bonded to the elastomer via the silicon atom, and at least one function comprising a nitrogen atom.
- composition according to embodiment 3 in which, in the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene, at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least four, of the following characteristics are observed:
- the function comprising a nitrogen atom is a tertiary amine, more particularly a diethylamino- or dimethylamino- group,
- the function comprising a nitrogen atom is carried by the alkoxysilane group via a spacer group defined as an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical in Ci-Cio, more preferably the linear hydrocarbon radical in C3,
- the alkoxysilane group is a methoxysilane or an ethoxysilane, optionally partially or totally hydrolyzed to silanol,
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene is a butadiene-styrene copolymer prepared in solution
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene is mainly functionalized in the middle of the chain by an alkoxysilane group linked to the two branches of the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene via the silicon atom,
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene has a glass transition temperature comprised in a range ranging from -105°C to -70°C.
- composition according to embodiment 3 in which, in the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene, all of the following characteristics are observed:
- the function comprising a nitrogen atom is a tertiary amine, more particularly a diethylamino- or dimethylamino- group,
- the function comprising a nitrogen atom is carried by the alkoxysilane group via a C3 linear aliphatic hydrocarbon radical,
- the alkoxysilane group is methoxysilane or ethoxysilane, optionally partially or totally hydrolyzed to silanol,
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene is a butadiene-styrene copolymer prepared in solution
- the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene is mainly functionalized in the middle of the chain by an alkoxysilane group linked to the two branches of the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene via the silicon atom, - the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene has a glass transition temperature of between -95°C and -86°C.
- composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments in which the modified polybutadiene has a molar rate of linkage of 1,4-cis units of at least 55%, preferably of at least 90%.
- halogen donor comprising an alkylaluminum halide
- said salt is in suspension or in solution in at least one inert and saturated hydrocarbon solvent of the aliphatic or alicyclic type;
- step (b) adding to the pseudo-living elastomer formed in step (a) a polyfunctional compound, comprising at least three functional groups, said functional group being capable of reacting with the reactive end of the pseudo-living elastomer;
- step (c) adding to the mixture formed in step (b) a functionalizing agent corresponding to the formula A-Ri-B with A denoting a group capable of reacting with the reactive end of the pseudo-living elastomer, Ri denoting an atom or a group of atoms forming a bond between A and B, and B designating a function capable of reacting with a reinforcing charge;
- composition according to any one of embodiments 7 to 9 in which, in the catalytic system of the process for obtaining the modified polybutadiene, the said salt is neodymium tris[bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate].
- the “functionalizing agent”/“aluminum” molar ratio of the process for obtaining the modified polybutadiene is advantageously at least 1.
- CF(1+6) at 100° C. of less than 1 g, preferably less than 0.5 g.
- composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments in which the content of the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene, in the composition, is within a range ranging from 65 to 95 phr, and the content of the modified polybutadiene, in the composition, is included in a range ranging from 5 to 35 phr.
- composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments in which the elastomer matrix comprises less than 15 phr of isoprene elastomer.
- composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, in which the level of isoprene elastomer, in the composition, is less than 14 phr, preferably less than 10 phr, preferably less than 5 phr.
- composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments in which the total content of the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene and of the modified polybutadiene, in the composition, is within a range ranging from 85 to 100 phr, preferably from 90 to 100 pc.
- composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments in which the total content of the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene and of the modified polybutadiene, in the composition, is 100 phr.
- composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments in which the silica has a BET specific surface area of between 100 and 250 m 2 /g, preferably within a range ranging from 105 to 200 m 2 /g, preferably of 125 to 180 m 2 /g.
- composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments in which the silica has a CTAB specific surface area of between 105 and 220 m 2 /g, preferably within a range ranging from 110 to 200 m 2 /g, preferably of 140 to 170 m 2 /g.
- composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments in which the level of silica in the composition is within a range ranging from 80 to 200 phr, preferably from 100 to 180 phr, preferably from 105 to 145 phr.
- the content of plasticizing resin having a glass transition temperature above 20° C. is included in a range ranging from 50 and 150 phr, preferably from 55 and 100 phr, more preferably from 65 to 90 phr.
- composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments in which the plasticizing resin having a glass transition temperature greater than 20° C. is chosen from the group consisting of cyclopentadiene homopolymer or copolymer resins, cyclopentadiene homopolymer resins resins or copolymer of dicyclopentadiene, resins of homopolymer or copolymer of terpene, resins of homopolymer or copolymer of Cs cut, resins of homopolymer or copolymer of C9 cut, resins of homopolymer or copolymer of alpha-methyl- styrene and mixtures thereof.
- the plasticizing resin having a glass transition temperature greater than 20° C. is chosen from the group consisting of cyclopentadiene homopolymer or copolymer resins, cyclopentadiene homopolymer resins resins or copolymer of dicyclopentadiene, resins of homopolymer or copolymer of
- composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments optionally comprising from 0 to 60 phr of liquid plasticizer at 23°C.
- composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 35 comprising from 1 to 40 phr, preferably from 2 to 20 phr, preferably from 3 to 14 phr of liquid plasticizer at 23°C.
- composition according to embodiment 36 or 37 in which the liquid plasticizer at 23°C is chosen from the group consisting of liquid diene polymers, polyolefinic oils, naphthenic oils, paraffinic oils, DAE oils, MES oils , TDAE oils, RAE oils, TRAE oils, SRAE oils, mineral oils, vegetable oils, ether plasticizers, ester plasticizers, phosphate plasticizers, sulfonate plasticizers and mixtures thereof.
- composition according to embodiment 36 or 37 in which the liquid plasticizer at 23° C. is chosen from the group consisting of MES oils, TDAE oils, naphthenic oils, vegetable oils and mixtures of these liquid plasticizers at 23 ° C, preferably from the group consisting of vegetable oils, preferably sunflower.
- composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments in which the crosslinking system is a vulcanization system comprising molecular sulfur and/or at least one sulfur-donating agent.
- Finished or semi-finished rubber article comprising a composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 40.
- Pneumatic or non-pneumatic tire comprising a rubber composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 40.
- the dynamic properties G* and tan(8)Max are measured on a viscoanalyzer (Metravib VA4000), according to standard ASTM D5992-96.
- the response of a sample of vulcanized composition (cylindrical specimen 2 mm thick and 79 mm 2 in cross-section) is recorded, subjected to a sinusoidal stress in simple alternating shear, at a frequency of 10 Hz, under normal conditions of temperature (23°C) or at 0°C according to the ASTM D 1349-09 standard for the tan(8)Max measurements, or else at -20°C for the G* measurements.
- a deformation amplitude scan is carried out from 0.1% to 50% (go cycle), then from 50% to 0.1% (return cycle).
- the maximum value of tan 8 observed (tan(S)max) is indicated, as well as the difference in complex modulus (AG*) between the values at 0.1% and at 50% deformation (effect Payne).
- the results used are the loss factors tan(8)Max at 0°C and at 23°C, as well as the complex dynamic shear modulus G* at -20°C.
- results of tan(8)Max at 0° C. are expressed in base 100, the value 100 being assigned to the control.
- a result greater than 100 indicates improved performance, i.e. the composition of the example considered reflects better wet grip of the tread comprising such a composition.
- results of tan(8)Max at 23° C. and of G* at -20° C. are expressed in performance base 100, the value 100 being assigned to the control.
- a result greater than 100 indicates improved performance, that is to say that the composition of the example considered reflects respectively better rolling resistance and better grip on snowy ground of the tread comprising such a composition.
- the abrasion resistance obtained by determining the loss in volume by abrasion is measured according to the NF ISO 4649 standard of November 2010 which consists in determining the loss in volume of a sample after displacement of 40 linear meters on standardized abrasive paper. .
- a loss of mass of the sample is measured and the loss of volume is calculated according to the density (p) of the material constituting the specimen.
- the density (p) of the material constituting the specimen is conventionally obtained on the basis of the mass fractions of each constituent of the material and their respective density (p).
- the results are indicated in base 100.
- the arbitrary value 100 being assigned to the control composition makes it possible to compare the volume of loss of substance of different compositions tested.
- the value expressed in base 100 for the composition tested is calculated according to the operation: (measured value of the volume of loss of substance of the control composition / measured value of the volume of loss of substance of the composition tested) X 100.
- a result greater than 100 will indicate a decrease in volume loss and therefore an improvement in abrasion resistance, which corresponds to an improvement in wear resistance performance.
- a result below 100 will indicate an increase in volume loss and therefore a decrease in abrasion resistance, which corresponds to a drop in wear resistance performance.
- Mooney viscosities ML(1+4) 100°C are measured according to standard ASTM D 1646 (December 2015).
- the Mooney plasticity measurement is carried out according to the following principle: the elastomer or the composition in the raw state (i.e. before curing) is molded in a cylindrical chamber heated to 100°C. After one minute of preheating, the rotor rotates within the specimen at 2 rpm and the torque needed to maintain this movement after 4 minutes of rotation is measured.
- the difference between the Mooney viscosity of the composition and the Mooney viscosity of the elastomer makes it possible to measure the processability or raw implementation. The smaller this difference, the better the raw processing.
- the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the elastomers are determined using a differential scanning calorimeter with a scanning speed of 20°C/min.
- NIR Near infrared
- NIR Near-infrared
- the principle of the method is based on the Beer-Lambert law generalized to a multicomponent system. The method being indirect, it calls upon a multivariate calibration [Vilmin, F.; Dussap, C.; Coste, N. Applied Spectroscopy 2006, 60, 619-29] carried out using standard elastomers with a composition determined by 13C NMR.
- the microstructure is then calculated from the NIR spectrum of an elastomer film approximately 730 ⁇ m thick. Spectrum acquisition is carried out in transmission mode between 4000 and 6200 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1, using a Broker Tensor 37 Fourier transform near-infrared spectrometer equipped with a cooled InGaAs detector by Peltier effect.
- the inherent viscosity of elastomers at 25°C is determined from a 0.1 g.dL-1 elastomer solution in toluene, according to the following principle.
- the inherent viscosity is determined by measuring the flow time t of the polymer solution and the flow time to of the toluene, in a capillary tube.
- the inherent viscosity is obtained by the following relationship: with: C: concentration of the polymer solution in toluene in g.dL 1 , t: flow time of the polymer solution in toluene in seconds, to: flow time of the toluene in seconds, r
- Cold-Flow CF(l+6) 100°C) (cold flow)
- the die is 6.35mm in diameter, 0.5mm thick and is located at the bottom and center of a hollowed cylindrical cup 52mm in diameter.
- the measurement is then continued for 6 hours ⁇ 5 min, during which the product is left in the oven. At the end of the 6 hours, the sample of extradited product is cut up and then weighed. The result of the measurement is the weighed mass of elastomer, expressed in g. The lower this result, the more the elastomer resists cold flow.
- This determination is carried out by an NMR analysis on coagulated samples.
- the spectra are acquired on a Braker Avance III HD 500 MHz spectrometer equipped with a Braker cryo-BBFO z-grad 5 mm probe.
- the NMR spectra contain the characteristic signals of the Butadiene units (BRI -4 and BRI -2). In addition to these, isolated (low intensity) signals attributed to the functionalizing agent, here the GMDE molecule, are observed.
- the 1H chemical shifts of the characteristic signals of this molecule in the BR matrix are shown below:
- the integration zones considered for the quantification are:
- the quantification of the grafted GMDE motif can be carried out in molar percentage as described above. Determination of the distribution of the molar masses of the polybutadienes obtained by the technique of steric exclusion chromatography (SEC). a) Principle of measurement:
- Steric exclusion chromatography or SEC size exclusion chromatography separates macromolecules in solution according to their size through columns filled with a porous gel. The macromolecules are separated according to their hydrodynamic volume, the largest being eluted first.
- Case cl The equipment used is a “WATERS alliance” chromatographic chain.
- the elution solvent is tetrahydrofuran, the flow rate 1 ml/min., the system temperature 35°C and the analysis time 30 min.
- a set of two WATERS columns under the trade name “STYRAGEL HT6E” is used.
- the injected volume of the polymer sample solution is 100 ⁇ l.
- the detector is a "WATERS 2140" differential refractometer and the chromatographic data processing software is the “WATERS MILLENIUM” system.
- Case c2) The equipment used is a “WATERS alliance” chromatograph.
- the elution solvent is tetrahydrofuran, the flow rate 0.7 ml/min, the system temperature 35°C and the analysis time 90 min.
- the injected volume of the polymer sample solution is 100 ⁇ l.
- the detector is a "WATERS model RI32X” differential refractometer and the chromatographic data processing software is the “WATERS MILLENIUM” system.
- Nd/Bd/HDiBA/CDEA catalytic system diluted in MCH is synthesized according to the procedure described in WO-A-02/38636 (pages 8 to 11):
- the neodymium phosphate salt in powder form is introduced into a reactor previously cleaned of its impurities. This salt is then subjected to bubbling with nitrogen for 10 min in order to make the reaction medium inert. The following successive steps are then carried out:
- a solvent consisting of MCH previously distilled, purified on alumina and bubbled with nitrogen is introduced into the reactor.
- the duration and the contacting temperature of this solvent and the neodymium salt are 30 min at 30°C with stirring.
- the butadiene previously purified on alumina and bubbled with nitrogen is then introduced into the reactor at 30°C. This monomer will be used to preform the catalyst during the aging step.
- HDiBA in solution in MCH is then introduced into the reactor as an alkylating agent for the neodymium salt, at a concentration of approximately 1 mol/L.
- the duration of the alkylation is 15 min.
- the temperature of the alkylation reaction is equal to 30°C.
- the CDEA in solution in the MCH is then introduced into the reactor as a halogen donor, at a concentration of approximately 0.5 mol/L.
- the temperature of the reaction medium is brought to 60° C.
- the mixture thus obtained is aged by maintaining the temperature of 60° C. for a period of 50 min.
- the catalytic solution obtained is finally stored under a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature between -15°C and -5°C.
- the catalytic system is characterized by its catalytic formula which is given in the form Nd/Monomer/Alkylating Agent/Halogenating Agent in molar ratios indexed on the neodymium salt.
- the neodymium concentration The catalytic formula is 1/36/3/2.6 with a concentration of 0.038 mol/L.
- Total Al defines the total amount of aluminum present in the reaction medium.
- Diisobutylaluminum hydride (HDIBA) was introduced in sufficient quantity in order to neutralize the protic impurities brought by the various constituents present in the inlet of the first reactor.
- HDIBA Diisobutylaluminum hydride
- a certain quantity of HDIBA per 100 g of butadiene and a certain quantity of the catalytic system described previously per 100 g of butadiene were introduced.
- the different flow rates are calculated so that the average residence time in the reactor is 25 min.
- the temperature is maintained at a given polymerization temperature.
- a sample of polymer solution is taken.
- the polymer thus obtained is subjected to an antioxidant treatment with the addition of 0.4 phr of 2,2'-methylene-bis-(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) and 0.2 phr of N-(1,3 -dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine.
- the polymer thus treated is then separated from its solution by a steam stripping operation, then dried on a roller tool at 100°C.
- a certain quantity per 100 g of butadiene of (3-glycidyloxypropyl) methyldiethoxysilane in solution in methylcyclohexane was added to the solution of living polymer according to a ((3-glycidyloxypropyl) methyldiethoxysilane)/(total Al) molar ratio of 2.5.
- the polymers thus obtained were subjected to an antioxidant treatment with the addition of 0.4 phr of 2,2'-methylene-bis-(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) and 0.2 phr of N-(1, 3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine.
- the polymers thus treated were then separated from its solution by a steam stripping operation, then dried on a roller tool at 100°C.
- the “total Al” is calculated by taking into account the HDIBA of the catalyst (Nd/Al ratio of 3) and the HDIBA added in the polymerization reaction.
- the average percentage of functionalized chains (in %) is obtained by the formula: (CH2-Si/PB)*Mn*1.10-4 with CH2-Si/PB in mmol/Kg and Mn in g/mol.
- the rubber compositions were produced as described in point II.6 above.
- the "non-productive" phase was carried out in a 0.4 liter mixer for 3.5 minutes, for an average paddle speed of 50 revolutions per minute up to reach a maximum drop temperature of 160°C.
- the “productive” phase was carried out in a cylinder tool at 23°C for 5 minutes.
- the crosslinking of the composition was carried out at a temperature of between 130° C. and 200° C., under pressure.
- control compositions T1 to T4 with a control composition (C1) and a composition in accordance with the invention (II).
- the purpose of the tests presented in Table 2 is to demonstrate the effect of the elastomeric matrix, in particular the effect of the copolymer based on butadiene and styrene having a glass transition temperature below -64°C, on the properties snow grip, abrasion resistance and rolling resistance.
- SBR 1 SBR with 3% styrene unit and 13% 1,2 unit of the butadiene part, and carrying an amino-alkoxysilane function in the middle of the elastomer chain (Tg -88C)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA3193876A CA3193876A1 (fr) | 2020-11-09 | 2021-11-05 | Composition de caoutchouc de bande de roulement de pneumatique |
JP2023526579A JP2023548355A (ja) | 2020-11-09 | 2021-11-05 | タイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物 |
EP21816131.3A EP4240776A1 (fr) | 2020-11-09 | 2021-11-05 | Composition de caoutchouc de bande de roulement de pneumatique |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR2011465 | 2020-11-09 | ||
FR2011465A FR3116060B1 (fr) | 2020-11-09 | 2020-11-09 | Composition de caoutchouc de bande de roulement de pneumatique |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022096835A1 true WO2022096835A1 (fr) | 2022-05-12 |
Family
ID=74183380
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2021/051954 WO2022096835A1 (fr) | 2020-11-09 | 2021-11-05 | Composition de caoutchouc de bande de roulement de pneumatique |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4240776A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2023548355A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3193876A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3116060B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2022096835A1 (fr) |
Citations (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0501227A1 (fr) | 1991-02-25 | 1992-09-02 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin-Michelin & Cie | Composition de caoutchouc et enveloppes de pneumatiques à base de ladite composition |
EP0735088A1 (fr) | 1995-03-29 | 1996-10-02 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin-Michelin & Cie | Composition de caoutchouc destinée à la fabrication d'enveloppes de pneumatiques à base de silices précipitées "dopées" à l'aluminium |
WO1997036724A2 (fr) | 1996-04-01 | 1997-10-09 | Cabot Corporation | Nouveaux materiaux composites elastomeres, et procede et appareil s'y rapportant |
EP0810258A1 (fr) | 1996-05-28 | 1997-12-03 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin-Michelin & Cie | Composition de caoutchouc diénique à base d'alumine en tant que charge renforçante et son utilisation pour la fabrication d'enveloppes de pneumatiques |
WO1999016600A1 (fr) | 1997-09-30 | 1999-04-08 | Cabot Corporation | Melanges composites a base d'elastomere et procedes d'elaboration |
WO2000005301A1 (fr) | 1998-07-22 | 2000-02-03 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Systeme de couplage (charge blanche/elastomere dienique) a base d'alkoxysilane polysulfure, de dithiophosphate de zinc et de derive guanidique |
WO2000005300A1 (fr) | 1998-07-22 | 2000-02-03 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Systeme de couplage (charge blanche/elastomere dienique) a base d'alkoxysilane polysulfure, d'enamine et de derive guanidique |
WO2002010269A2 (fr) | 2000-07-31 | 2002-02-07 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Bande de roulement pour pneumatique |
WO2002038636A1 (fr) | 2000-11-09 | 2002-05-16 | Société de Technologie Michelin | Systeme catalytique et procede de preparation d'elastomeres au moyen de ce systeme |
WO2002088238A1 (fr) | 2001-03-12 | 2002-11-07 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Composition de caoutchouc pour bande de roulement de pneumatique |
WO2003016837A1 (fr) | 2001-08-17 | 2003-02-27 | Volvo Lastvagnar Ab | Procede d'estimation de la masse d'un vehicule entraine sur une route a pente variable et procede d'estimation de la pente de la route |
WO2003018332A1 (fr) | 2001-08-24 | 2003-03-06 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Pneu non pneumatique |
EP2266819A1 (fr) | 2008-03-10 | 2010-12-29 | Bridgestone Corporation | Procédé de production d'un polymère/copolymère de diène conjugué dégénératif, polymère/copolymère de diène conjugué dégénératif et composition de caoutchouc et pneu l'utilisant |
WO2012069565A1 (fr) | 2010-11-26 | 2012-05-31 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Bande de roulement de pneumatique neige |
WO2013095499A1 (fr) | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-27 | Michelin Recherche Et Technique, S.A. | Bande de cisaillement à renforts entrelacés |
WO2019122605A1 (fr) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-27 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Bande de roulement de pneumatique dont le systeme de reticulation est a base de peroxyde organique |
-
2020
- 2020-11-09 FR FR2011465A patent/FR3116060B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-11-05 JP JP2023526579A patent/JP2023548355A/ja active Pending
- 2021-11-05 EP EP21816131.3A patent/EP4240776A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-11-05 WO PCT/FR2021/051954 patent/WO2022096835A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2021-11-05 CA CA3193876A patent/CA3193876A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0501227A1 (fr) | 1991-02-25 | 1992-09-02 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin-Michelin & Cie | Composition de caoutchouc et enveloppes de pneumatiques à base de ladite composition |
EP0735088A1 (fr) | 1995-03-29 | 1996-10-02 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin-Michelin & Cie | Composition de caoutchouc destinée à la fabrication d'enveloppes de pneumatiques à base de silices précipitées "dopées" à l'aluminium |
WO1997036724A2 (fr) | 1996-04-01 | 1997-10-09 | Cabot Corporation | Nouveaux materiaux composites elastomeres, et procede et appareil s'y rapportant |
EP0810258A1 (fr) | 1996-05-28 | 1997-12-03 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin-Michelin & Cie | Composition de caoutchouc diénique à base d'alumine en tant que charge renforçante et son utilisation pour la fabrication d'enveloppes de pneumatiques |
WO1999016600A1 (fr) | 1997-09-30 | 1999-04-08 | Cabot Corporation | Melanges composites a base d'elastomere et procedes d'elaboration |
WO2000005301A1 (fr) | 1998-07-22 | 2000-02-03 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Systeme de couplage (charge blanche/elastomere dienique) a base d'alkoxysilane polysulfure, de dithiophosphate de zinc et de derive guanidique |
WO2000005300A1 (fr) | 1998-07-22 | 2000-02-03 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Systeme de couplage (charge blanche/elastomere dienique) a base d'alkoxysilane polysulfure, d'enamine et de derive guanidique |
WO2002010269A2 (fr) | 2000-07-31 | 2002-02-07 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Bande de roulement pour pneumatique |
WO2002038636A1 (fr) | 2000-11-09 | 2002-05-16 | Société de Technologie Michelin | Systeme catalytique et procede de preparation d'elastomeres au moyen de ce systeme |
WO2002088238A1 (fr) | 2001-03-12 | 2002-11-07 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Composition de caoutchouc pour bande de roulement de pneumatique |
WO2003016837A1 (fr) | 2001-08-17 | 2003-02-27 | Volvo Lastvagnar Ab | Procede d'estimation de la masse d'un vehicule entraine sur une route a pente variable et procede d'estimation de la pente de la route |
WO2003018332A1 (fr) | 2001-08-24 | 2003-03-06 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Pneu non pneumatique |
EP2266819A1 (fr) | 2008-03-10 | 2010-12-29 | Bridgestone Corporation | Procédé de production d'un polymère/copolymère de diène conjugué dégénératif, polymère/copolymère de diène conjugué dégénératif et composition de caoutchouc et pneu l'utilisant |
WO2012069565A1 (fr) | 2010-11-26 | 2012-05-31 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Bande de roulement de pneumatique neige |
WO2013095499A1 (fr) | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-27 | Michelin Recherche Et Technique, S.A. | Bande de cisaillement à renforts entrelacés |
WO2019122605A1 (fr) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-27 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Bande de roulement de pneumatique dont le systeme de reticulation est a base de peroxyde organique |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
---|
BRUNAUER-EMMETT-TELLER, THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 60, pages 309 |
CAS , no. 3410-77-3 |
CAS, no. 1325615-33-5 |
CAS, no. 34036-80-1 |
R. MILDENBERGM. ZANDERG. COLLIN: "Hydrocarbon Resins", 1997, VCH |
VILMIN, F.DUSSAP, C.COSTE, N., APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY, vol. 60, 2006, pages 619 - 29 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA3193876A1 (fr) | 2022-05-12 |
FR3116060B1 (fr) | 2023-10-27 |
EP4240776A1 (fr) | 2023-09-13 |
FR3116060A1 (fr) | 2022-05-13 |
JP2023548355A (ja) | 2023-11-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3030430B1 (fr) | Elastomère diénique modifié comprenant un élastomère diénique couplé par un composé aminoalcoxysilane et fonctionnalisé amine en extrémité de chaîne et composition de caoutchouc le comprenant | |
EP2643403B1 (fr) | Bande de roulement de pneumatique | |
EP3152066B1 (fr) | Pneumatique à faible résistance au roulement | |
EP3030586B1 (fr) | Elastomère diénique couplé possédant une fonction silanol en milieu de chaîne et fonctionnalisé amine en extrémité de chaîne et composition de caoutchouc le comprenant | |
EP3152239B1 (fr) | Pneumatique à faible résistance au roulement | |
EP3558714B1 (fr) | Pneumatique pour vehicule portant des lourdes charges comprenant une nouvelle bande de roulement | |
EP3063179B1 (fr) | Elastomère diénique modifié comprenant majoritairement un élastomère diénique couplé par un composé alcoxysilane portant un groupe époxyde et fonctionnalisé amine en extrémité de chaîne | |
WO2013045483A1 (fr) | Pneumatique a adherence amelioree sur sol mouille | |
WO2013045482A1 (fr) | Pneumatique a adherence amelioree sur sol mouille | |
EP3642050B1 (fr) | Pneumatique pour vehicule portant des lourdes charges comprenant une nouvelle bande de roulement | |
WO2022096835A1 (fr) | Composition de caoutchouc de bande de roulement de pneumatique | |
EP4061645B1 (fr) | Composition de caoutchouc comprenant un polybutadiene fonctionnalise | |
EP3880489A1 (fr) | Composition de caoutchouc de bande de roulement de pneumatique | |
EP3558715A1 (fr) | Pneumatique pour véhicule portant des lourdes charges comprenant une nouvelle bande de roulement | |
EP3996940A1 (fr) | Composition de caoutchouc de bande de roulement de pneumatique | |
CA3233677A1 (fr) | Composition de caoutchouc comprenant un plastifiant polaire et un elastomere fortement sature |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 21816131 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 3193876 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2023526579 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2021816131 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021816131 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20230609 |